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Rajendran P, Al-Saeedi FJ, Ammar RB, Abdallah BM, Ali EM, Al Abdulsalam NK, Tejavat S, Althumairy D, Veeraraghavan VP, Alamer SA, Bekhet GM, Ahmed EA. Geraniol attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment in D galactose-induced mouse aging model. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5000-5026. [PMID: 38517361 PMCID: PMC11006477 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
D-galactose (D-gal) administration was proven to induce cognitive impairment and aging in rodents' models. Geraniol (GNL) belongs to the acyclic isoprenoid monoterpenes. GNL reduces inflammation by changing important signaling pathways and cytokines, and thus it is plausible to be used as a medicine for treating disorders linked to inflammation. Herein, we examined the therapeutic effects of GNL on D-gal-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation-mediated memory loss in mice. The study was conducted using six groups of mice (6 mice per group). The first group received normal saline, then D-gal (150 mg/wt) dissolved in normal saline solution (0.9%, w/v) was given orally for 9 weeks to the second group. In the III group, from the second week until the 10th week, mice were treated orally (without anesthesia) with D-gal (150 mg/kg body wt) and GNL weekly twice (40 mg/kg body wt) four hours later. Mice in Group IV were treated with GNL from the second week up until the end of the experiment. For comparison of young versus elderly mice, 4 month old (Group V) and 16-month-old (Group VI) control mice were used. We evaluated the changes in antioxidant levels, PI3K/Akt levels, and Nrf2 levels. We also examined how D-gal and GNL treated pathological aging changes. Administration of GNL induced a significant increase in spatial learning and memory with spontaneously altered behavior. Enhancing anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and activating PI3K/Akt were the mechanisms that mediated this effect. Further, GNL treatment upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis. This was confirmed using 99mTc-HMPAO brain flow gamma bioassays. Thus, our data suggested GNL as a promising agent for treating neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fatma J. Al-Saeedi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Rebai Ben Ammar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, Technopole of Borj-Cedria PBOX 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Basem M. Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Khaled Al Abdulsalam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sujatha Tejavat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Althumairy
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarah Abdulaziz Alamer
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal M. Bekhet
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Egypt, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Emad A. Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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2
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Xu W, Song Y, Xiao W, Gong Z. Regulatory Effects and Mechanisms of L-Theanine on Neurotransmitters via Liver-Brain Axis Under a High Protein Diet. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:783-798. [PMID: 37659037 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive protein intake causes liver and brain damage and neurotransmitter disorders, thereby inducing cognitive dysfunction. L-theanine can regulate the neurotransmitter content and show great potential in liver and brain protection. However, it remains unclear whether l-theanine effectively regulates neurotransmitter content under high-protein diet. A 40-day feeding experiment was performed in Sprague Dawley rats to investigate the regulatory effects and mechanisms of l-theanine on neurotransmitters via liver-brain axis in high-protein diets. The results showed that a 30% protein diet increased the liver and brain neurotransmitter content while maintaining the normal structure of liver and the hippocampal CA1 of brain and improving the autonomous behavior of rats. In contrast, 40% and 50% protein diets decreased the content of neurotransmitters, affected autonomous behavior, destroyed the hippocampal CA1 of brain structure, increased hepatic inflammatory infiltration, lipid degeneration, and hepatocyte eosinophilic change in liver, increased liver AST, ALT, MDA, CRP, and blood ammonia level, and decreased liver SOD and CAT level. However, l-theanine improved liver and brain neurotransmitter content, autonomous behavior, liver and hippocampal brain structure, and liver biochemical indicators in 40% and 50% protein diets. To explore how LTA can eliminate the adverse effects of a high-protein diet, we analyzed different metabolites and proteomes and using western blotting for validate quantitatively. We found that l-theanine regulates the activity of PF4 and G protein subunit alpha i2, increases the content of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and dopamine under a 20% protein diet. In addition, l-theanine can activate the adenylate cyclase-protein kinase A pathway through the protein alpha/beta-hydrolase domain protein 12 to regulate the content of neurotransmitters under a 40% protein diet, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhihua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China.
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3
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Teixeira LF, Prauchner GRK, Gusso D, Wyse ATS. Classical Hereditary galactosemia: findings in patients and animal models. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:239-248. [PMID: 37702899 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Classic galactosemia is a rare inborn error of metabolism that affects the metabolism of galactose, a sugar derived from milk and derivates. Classic galactosemia is caused by variants of the GALT gene, which lead to absent or misfolded forms of the ubiquitously present galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase enzyme (GALT) driving galactose metabolites to accumulate, damaging cells from neurons to hepatocytes. The disease has different prevalence around the world due to different allele frequencies among populations and its symptoms range from cognitive and psychomotor impairment to hepatic, ophthalmological, and bone structural damage. The practice of newborn screening still varies among countries, dairy restriction treatment is a consensus despite advances in preclinical treatment strategies. Recent clinical studies in Duarte variant suggest dairy restriction could be reconsidered in these cases. Despite noteworthy advances in the classic galactosemia understanding, preclinical trials are still crucial to fully understand the pathophysiology of the disease and help propose new treatments. This review aims to report a comprehensive analysis of past studies and state of art research on galactosemia screening, its clinical and preclinical trials, and treatments with the goal of shedding light on this complex and multisystemic innate error of the metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ferreira Teixeira
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry - Wyse's Lab - ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Krupp Prauchner
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry - Wyse's Lab - ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Darlan Gusso
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry - Wyse's Lab - ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry - Wyse's Lab - ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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4
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Reza-Zaldívar E, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Comprehensive Review of Nutraceuticals against Cognitive Decline Associated with Alzheimer's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35499-35522. [PMID: 37810693 PMCID: PMC10552500 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nutraceuticals are being incorporated into functional foods or used as supplements with nonpharmacological approaches in the prevention and management of several illnesses, including age-related conditions and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Nutraceuticals are apt for preventing and treating such disorders because of their nontoxic, non-habit-forming, and efficient bioactivities for promoting neurological well-being due to their ability to influence cellular processes such as neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death modulation, and neuronal survival. The capacity of nutraceuticals to modify all of these processes reveals the potential to develop food-based strategies to aid brain development and enhance brain function, prevent and ameliorate neurodegeneration, and possibly reverse the cognitive impairment observed in Alzheimer's disease, the most predominant form of dementia in the elderly. The current review summarizes the experimental evidence of the neuroprotective capacity of nutraceuticals against Alzheimer's disease, describing their mechanisms of action and the in vitro and in vivo models applied to evaluate their neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin
E. Reza-Zaldívar
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C. 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C. 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería
y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, C. 45201 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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5
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Hajizadeh Tekmeh H, Vanizor Kural B, Kör S, Arıkan Malkoç M, Yuluğ E, Kutlu A, Abidin İ, Orem A. How does l-theanine treatment affect the levels of serum and hippocampal BDNF, insulin and adipocytokines in diabetic rats? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 667:95-103. [PMID: 37210871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a metabolic disease characterized by the increased blood glucose level, insulin deficiency or ineffectiveness, may cause structural and functional disorders in the brain. l-Theanine (LTN) has the relaxing, psychoactive, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory and antinecrotic properties, and regulates the functions of hippocampus (HP) in brain. In the present study, the aim was to identify the effects LTN on the levels of BDNF, insulin and adipocytokines (TNF-α, leptin, adiponectin and resistin) in both HP and serum of diabetic rats. METHODS 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 8/group): Control, LTN, DM and DM + LTN. Diabetes was induced by by nicotinamide/streptozotocin. 200 mg/kg/day LTN treatment was applied for 28 days. The serum and hippocampal levels of the parameters were determined by using commercial ELISA kits. Additionally, HP tissues examined histopathologically. RESULTS LTN treatment significantly decreased leptin and adiponectin levels in HP tissues in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Although it decreased the insulin level in both serum and HP, this was not statistically significant. No significant effect on other parameters was observed (p > 0.05). In histopathological analysis, although the damage was reduced by LTN in all sections of HP, this change was significant mainly in CA3 region (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was concluded that LTN has the ability to reduce hippocampal degeneration and modulates adipocytokines in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hajizadeh Tekmeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Birgul Vanizor Kural
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Sevil Kör
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Meltem Arıkan Malkoç
- Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Esin Yuluğ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Abdulkadir Kutlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - İsmail Abidin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Asım Orem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
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6
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Therapeutic potential of natural molecules against Alzheimer's disease via SIRT1 modulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114474. [PMID: 36878051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment. Recent studies have shown that regulating silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) expression has a significant neuroprotective effect, and SIRT1 may become a new therapeutic target for AD. Natural molecules are an important source of drug development for use in AD therapy and may regulate a wide range of biological events by regulating SIRT1 as well as other SIRT1-mediated signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize the correlation between SIRT1 and AD and to identify in vivo and in vitro studies investigating the anti-AD properties of natural molecules as modulators of SIRT1 and SIRT1-mediated signaling pathways. A literature search was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and October 2022 using various literature databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and EMBASE. Natural molecules, such as resveratrol, quercetin, icariin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, dihydromyricetin, salidroside, patchouli, sesamin, rhein, ligustilide, tetramethoxyflavanone, 1-theanine, schisandrin, curcumin, betaine, pterostilbene, ampelopsin, schisanhenol, and eriodictyol, have the potential to modulate SIRT1 and SIRT1 signaling pathways, thereby combating AD. The natural molecules modulating SIRT1 discussed in this review provide a potentially novel multi-mechanistic therapeutic strategy for AD. However, future clinical trials need to be conducted to further investigate their beneficial properties and to determine the safety and efficacy of SIRT1 natural activators against AD.
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7
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Wang M, Yang J, Li J, Zhou X, Xiao Y, Liao Y, Tang J, Dong F, Zeng L. Effects of temperature and light on quality-related metabolites in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze] leaves. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Wang CC, Kong JY, Li XY, Yang JY, Xue CH, Yanagita T, Wang YM. Antarctic krill oil exhibited synergistic effects with nobiletin and theanine in ameliorating memory and cognitive deficiency in SAMP8 mice: Applying the perspective of the sea–land combination to retard brain aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:964077. [PMID: 36185487 PMCID: PMC9523088 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.964077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to a limited therapeutic effect; therefore, the combination of multiple bioactive ingredients may be more effective in improving AD due to synergistic effects. Based on the perspective of the sea–land combination, the effects of sea-derived Antarctic krill oil (AKO) combined with land-derived nobiletin (Nob) and L-theanine (The) on memory loss and cognitive deficiency were studied in senescence-accelerated prone 8 mice (SAMP8). The results demonstrated that AKO combined with The significantly increased the number of platform crossings in the Morris water maze test by 1.6-fold, and AKO combined with Nob significantly increased the preference index in a novel object recognition test. AKO exhibited synergistic effects with Nob and The in ameliorating recognition memory and spatial memory deficiency in SAMP8 mice, respectively. Further research of the mechanism indicated that AKO exhibited synergistic effects with Nob in suppressing β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, neurofibrillary tangles, and apoptosis and neuroinflammation, while the synergistic effects of AKO and The involved in synaptic plasticity and anti-neuroinflammation, which revealed that the combination was complex, not a mechanical addition. These findings revealed that the sea–land combination may be an effective strategy to treat and alleviate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Ya Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Ming Wang
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9
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Xie X, Wan J, Zheng X, Pan W, Yuan J, Hu B, Feng M, Liu Z, Cai S. Synergistic effects of epigallocatechin gallate and l-theanine in nerve repair and regeneration by anti-amyloid damage, promoting metabolism, and nourishing nerve cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:951415. [PMID: 36034895 PMCID: PMC9399931 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.951415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea has significant protective activity on nerve cells, but the mechanism of action is unclear. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and N-ethyl-L-glutamine (L-theanine) are the representative functional components of green tea (Camellia sinensis). In this study, an AD model of Aβ25–35-induced differentiated neural cell line PC12 cells was established to study the synergistic effect of EGCG and L-theanine in protecting neural cells. The results showed that under Aβ25–35 stress conditions, mitochondria and axons degenerated, and the expression of cyclins was up-regulated, showing the gene and protein characteristics of cellular hyperfunction. EGCG + L-theanine inhibited inflammation and aggregate formation pathways, significantly increased the percentage of G0/G1 in the cell cycle, downregulated the expression of proteins such as p-mTOR, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin B1, upregulated the expression of GAP43, Klotho, p-AMPK, and other proteins, promoted mitochondrial activity and energy metabolism, and had repair and regeneration effects on differentiated nerve cells. The synergistic mechanism study showed that under the premise that EGCG inhibits amyloid stress and inflammation and promotes metabolism, L-theanine could play a nourish nerve effect. EGCG + L-theanine keeps differentiated nerve cells in a quiescent state, which is beneficial to the repair and regeneration of nerve cells. In addition, EGCG + L-theanine maintains the high-fidelity structure of cellular proteins. This study revealed for the first time that the synergistic effect of EGCG with L-theanine may be an effective way to promote nerve cell repair and regeneration and slow down the progression of AD. Our findings provide a new scientific basis for the relationship between tea drinking and brain protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Xie
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Wan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayi Yuan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Baozhu Hu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiyan Feng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuxian Cai
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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10
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Dasdelen MF, Er S, Kaplan B, Celik S, Beker MC, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Mamedova H, Sylla S, Komorowski J, Ojalvo SP, Sahin K, Kilic E. A Novel Theanine Complex, Mg-L-Theanine Improves Sleep Quality via Regulating Brain Electrochemical Activity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:874254. [PMID: 35449538 PMCID: PMC9017334 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.874254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Theanine is commonly used to improve sleep quality through inhibitory neurotransmitters. On the other hand, Mg2+, a natural NMDA antagonist and GABA agonist, has a critical role in sleep regulation. Using the caffeine-induced brain electrical activity model, here we investigated the potency of L-theanine and two novel Mg-L-theanine compounds with different magnesium concentrations on electrocorticography (ECoG) patterns, GABAergic and serotonergic receptor expressions, dopamine, serotonin, and melatonin levels. Furthermore, we evaluated the sleep latency and duration in the pentobarbital induced sleep model. We herein showed that L-theanine, particularly its various complexes with magnesium increases the expression of GABAergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic receptors, which were associated with decreased ECoG frequency, increased amplitude, and enhanced delta wave powers. Besides increased dopamine, serotonin, and melatonin; decreased MDA and increased antioxidant enzyme levels were also observed particularly with Mg-complexes. Protein expression analyses also showed that Mg-L-theanine complexes decrease inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels significantly. In accordance with these results, Mg complexes improved the sleep latency and duration even after caffeine administration. As a result, our data indicate that Mg-L-theanine compounds potentiate the effect of L-theanine on sleep by boosting slow-brain waves, regulating brain electrical activity, and increasing neurotransmitter and GABA receptor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sezgin Er
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berkan Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Celik
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Caglar Beker
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Havakhanum Mamedova
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sarah Sylla
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition21, LLC, Purchase, NY, United States
| | - James Komorowski
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition21, LLC, Purchase, NY, United States
| | - Sara Perez Ojalvo
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition21, LLC, Purchase, NY, United States
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey,*Correspondence: Ertugrul Kilic, ;
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Zhao C, Chen Z, Liang W, Yang Z, Du Z, Gong S. D-Galactose-Induced Accelerated Aging Model on Auditory Cortical Neurons by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Vitro. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:13-22. [PMID: 35067698 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is much more prevalent with age, affecting not only peripheral but central auditory system. We have previously established an aging model of peripheral auditory system in vitro using cultured cochlear basilar membrane. However, there is no ideal accelerated aging model on central auditory system in vitro. To establish the aging model, auditory cortical neurons (ACNs) were primary cultured and treated with either vehicle or different doses of D-galactose (D-gal). We studied the effect of D-gal on ACNs by evaluating the hallmarks of aging, including cell proliferation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and neuronal apoptosis. Compared with the control group, cell viability was significantly inhibited in the D-gal-treated group in a dose-dependent manner. The production of reactive oxygen species was strongly increased in the D-gal-treated group. Meanwhile, the level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, which is a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, was even higher in the D-gal-treated group than that in the control group. Conversely, the levels of ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential were notably decreased in the D-gal-treated group contrast to that in the control group. Furthermore, the number of neuronal apoptosis in the D-gal-treated group, compared with that in the control group, was dramatically increased in a dose-dependent approach. Together, our results demonstrate that ACNs treated with D-gal in vitro display senescence characteristics by regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis, indicating accelerated aging model on ACNs are successfully established. And the model provides a promising approach for exploring underlying mechanisms of the ARHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhao
- Dr. Zhengde Du and Dr. Shusheng Gong: , Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
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