1
|
Du Y, Lin X, Shao X, Zhao J, Xu H, de Cruz CR, Xu Q. Effects of supplementing coated methionine in a high plant-protein diet on growth, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzymes activity and expression of TOR signaling pathway associated genes in gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1319698. [PMID: 38646543 PMCID: PMC11026611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1319698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the impacts of supplementation of different levels of coated methionine (Met) in a high-plant protein diet on growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzymes activity and expression of genes related to TOR signaling pathway in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibeilo). A high-plant protein diet was formulated and used as a basal diet and supplemented with five different levels of coated Met at 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60 and 0.75%, corresponding to final analyzed Met levels of 0.34, 0.49, 0.64, 0.76, 0.92 and 1.06%. Three replicate groups of fish (initial mean weight, 11.37 ± 0.02 g) (20 fish per replicate) were fed the test diets over a 10-week feeding period. The results indicated that with the increase of coated Met level, the final weight, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate initially boosted and then suppressed, peaking at 0.76% Met level (P< 0.05). Increasing dietary Met level led to significantly increased muscle crude protein content (P< 0.05) and reduced serum alanine aminotransferase activity (P< 0.05). Using appropriate dietary Met level led to reduced malondialdehyde concentration in hepatopancreas (P< 0.05), improved superoxide dismutase activity (P< 0.05), and enhanced intestinal amylase and protease activities (P< 0.05). The expression levels of genes associated with muscle protein synthesis such as insulin-like growth factor-1, protein kinase B, target of rapamycin and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein-1 mRNA were significantly regulated, peaking at Met level of 0.76% (P< 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing optimal level of coated Met improved on fish growth, antioxidant capacity, and the expression of TOR pathway related genes in muscle. The optimal dietary Met level was determined to be 0.71% of the diet based on quadratic regression analysis of WG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Du
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Lin
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xianping Shao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou Universityy, Huzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou Universityy, Huzhou, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou Universityy, Huzhou, China
| | - Clement R. de Cruz
- Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Qiyou Xu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Huzhou Universityy, Huzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fuller SA, Abernathy JW, Sankappa NM, Beck BH, Rawles SD, Green BW, Rosentrater KA, McEntire ME, Huskey G, Webster CD. Hepatic transcriptome analyses of juvenile white bass ( Morone chrysops) when fed diets where fish meal is partially or totally replaced by alternative protein sources. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1308690. [PMID: 38288350 PMCID: PMC10822904 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1308690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
White bass (Morone chrysops) are a popular sportfish throughout the southern United States, and one parent of the commercially-successful hybrid striped bass (M. chrysops ♂ x M. saxatilis ♀). Currently, white bass are cultured using diets formulated for other carnivorous fish, such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) or hybrid striped bass and contain a significant percentage of marine fish meal. Since there are no studies regarding the utilization of alternative proteins in this species, we evaluated the global gene expression of white bass fed diets in which fish meal was partially or totally replaced by various combinations of soybean meal, poultry by-product meal, canola meal, soy protein concentrate, wheat gluten, or a commercial protein blend (Pro-Cision™). Six isonitrogenous (40% protein), isolipidic (11%), and isocaloric (17.1 kJ/g) diets were formulated to meet the known nutrient and energy requirements of largemouth bass and hybrid striped bass using nutrient availability data for most of the dietary ingredients. One of the test diets consisted exclusively of plant protein sources. Juvenile white bass (40.2 g initial weight) were stocked into a flow-through aquaculture system (three tanks/diet; 10 fish/tank) and fed the test diets twice daily to satiation for 60 days. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses revealed significant differentially expressed genes between all test diets when compared to fish meal control. A total of 1,260 differentially expressed genes were identified, with major ontology relating to cell cycle and metabolic processes as well as immune gene functions. This data will be useful as a resource for future refinements to moronid diet formulation, as marine fish meal becomes limiting and plant ingredients are increasingly added as a reliable protein source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Adam Fuller
- USDA-ARS Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center (HKDSNARC), Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - Jason W. Abernathy
- USDA-ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit (AAHRU), Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Nithin Muliya Sankappa
- USDA-ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit (AAHRU), Auburn, AL, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Beck
- USDA-ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit (AAHRU), Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Steven D. Rawles
- USDA-ARS Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center (HKDSNARC), Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - Bartholomew W. Green
- USDA-ARS Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center (HKDSNARC), Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - Kurt A. Rosentrater
- Iowa State University, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Matthew E. McEntire
- USDA-ARS Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center (HKDSNARC), Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - George Huskey
- USDA-ARS Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center (HKDSNARC), Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - Carl D. Webster
- USDA-ARS Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center (HKDSNARC), Stuttgart, AR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo C, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Guo G, Yu G, Zhao D, Li M, Li G, Liu B. Screening and Stability Analysis of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Normalization in Hybrid Yellow Catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂) Fed Diets Containing Different Soybean Meal Levels. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:1232518. [PMID: 37780581 PMCID: PMC10541299 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1232518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we screened the expression stability of six reference genes (18S rRNA, β-actin, GAPDH, EF1a, B2M, and HPRT1) in hybrid yellow catfish (n = 6), considering the SBM levels, sampling time points, and different tissues. Four different statistical programs, BestKeeper, NormFinder, Genorm, and Delta Ct, combined with a method that comprehensively considered all results, were used to evaluate the expression stability of these reference genes systematically. The results showed that SBM levels significantly impacted the expression stability of most of the reference genes studied and that this impact was time-, dose-, and tissue-dependent. The expression stability of these six reference genes varied depending on tissue, sampling time point, and SBM dosage. Additionally, more variations were found among different tissues than among different SBM levels or sampling time points. Due to its high expression, 18S rRNA was excluded from the list of candidate reference genes. β-actin and GAPDH in the liver and β-actin, HPRT1 and EF1a in the intestine were the most stable reference genes when SBM levels were considered. HPRT1, and EF1a in tissues sampled at 2 W and EF1a and β-actin in tissues sampled at 4 and 6 W were proposed as two stable reference genes when different tissues were considered. When the sampling time points were considered, β-actin, EF1a, and HPRT1 were the top three stable reference genes in the intestine. In contrast, β-actin and B2M are the most stable reference genes in the liver. In summary, β-actin, EF1a, and HPRT1 were the more stable reference genes in this study. The stability of reference genes depends on the tissues, sampling time points, and SBM diet levels in hybrid yellow catfish. Therefore, attention should be paid to these factors before selecting suitable reference genes for normalizing the target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Meina Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guojun Guo
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guangqing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Daoquan Zhao
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou 450044, China
- Yiluo River Field Scientifical Observation and Reseaarch Station of Aquatic Animals in Yellow River Basin, Lushi 472200, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guoxi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Yiluo River Field Scientifical Observation and Reseaarch Station of Aquatic Animals in Yellow River Basin, Lushi 472200, China
| | - Bianzhi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Yiluo River Field Scientifical Observation and Reseaarch Station of Aquatic Animals in Yellow River Basin, Lushi 472200, China
| |
Collapse
|