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Patil ND, Thakur S, Bains A, Kaur S, Ali N, Arora R, Parvez MK, Goksen G, Janghu S, Chawla P. Exploration of Calocybe indica mushroom phenolic acid-kidney bean protein complex: Functional properties, amino acid profiles, in-vitro digestibility, and application in vegan product development. Food Chem 2024; 460:140401. [PMID: 39033640 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The study evaluates the interaction between Calocybe indica mushroom polyphenols (phenolic acid) and kidney bean protein (KBPM), aiming to enhance vegan food quality. The mushrooms exhibited a carbohydrate content of 3.65%, an antioxidant activity of 55.04 ± 0.17%, and a phenolic content of 4.86 mg GAE/g. Caffeic and cinnamic acids were identified through high-pressure liquid chromatography. Various concentrations of KBPM were tested at phenolic acid concentrations of 0.025, 0.050, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1%, among these, KBPM 0.2 demonstrated the highest binding efficiency of 99.40 ± 0.05%. Notably, this complex improved the protein's functional properties, such as solubility by 11.43%, water and oil holding capacities by 10.62% and 22.04%, and emulsion capacity and stability by 3.69% and 5.83%, respectively, compared to the native protein. The protein-phenolic acid complex also enhanced thermal stability, surface charge, amino acid content, and reduced particle size compared to native protein. These enhancements also improved protein digestibility and sensory attributes in a fruit-based smoothie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Dnyaneshwar Patil
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sweezee Thakur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Arora
- Director of ASOP Pvt. Ltd., Nawanshahr 144514, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid Parvez
- Department of Pharmacogoncy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sandeep Janghu
- Department of Food Technology, Rajiv Gandhi University (A Central University), Rono Hills, Doimukh, 79112, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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Deveci E, Tel-Çayan G, Çayan F, Yılmaz Altınok B, Aktaş S. Characterization of Polysaccharide Extracts of Four Edible Mushrooms and Determination of In Vitro Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibition and Anticancer Activities. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25887-25901. [PMID: 38911755 PMCID: PMC11191116 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides are important bioactive compounds derived from mushrooms with various beneficial properties. In this study, the chemical characterization and bioactivities of polysaccharide extracts from four different edible mushrooms, Clavariadelphus truncatus Donk, Craterellus tubaeformis (Fr.) Quél., Hygrophorus pudorinus (Fr.) Fr., and Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer were studied. Glucose (13.24-56.02%), galactose (14.18-64.05%), mannose (2.18-18.13%), fucose (1.21-5.78%), and arabinose (0.04-5.43%) were identified in all polysaccharide extracts by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) confirmed the presence of characteristic carbohydrate patterns. 1H NMR suggested that all polysaccharide extracts had α- and β-d-mannopyranose, d-glucopyranose, d-galactopyranose, α-l-arabinofuranose, and α-l-fucopyranose residues. Approximate molecular weights of polysaccharide extracts were determined by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). The best antioxidant activity was found in M. procera polysaccharide extract in DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging (39.03% at 800 μg/mL), CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) (A0.50: 387.50 μg/mL), and PRAP (phosphomolybdenum reducing antioxidant power) (A0.50: 384.08 μg/mL) assays. C. truncatus polysaccharide extract showed the highest antioxidant activity in ABTS•+ scavenging (IC50: 734.09 μg/mL), β-carotene-linoleic acid (IC50: 472.16 μg/mL), and iron chelating (IC50: 180.35 μg/mL) assays. Significant anticancer activity was found in C. truncatus polysaccharide extract on HT-29 (IC50: 46.49 μg/mL) and HepG2 (IC50: 48.50 μg/mL) cell lines and H. pudorinus polysaccharide extract on the HeLa cell line (IC50: 51.64 μg/mL). Also, H. pudorinus polysaccharide extract possessed prominent AChE (acetylcholinesterase) inhibition activity (49.14% at 200 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Deveci
- Chemistry
and Chemical Processing Technology Department, Technical Sciences
Vocational School, Konya Technical University, Konya 42100, Turkey
| | - Gülsen Tel-Çayan
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational
School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman
University, Muğla 48000, Turkey
| | - Fatih Çayan
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational
School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman
University, Muğla 48000, Turkey
| | - Bahar Yılmaz Altınok
- Department
of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70000, Turkey
| | - Sinan Aktaş
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selçuk
University, Konya 42100, Turkey
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Srivastava M, Kumari M, Karn SK, Bhambri A, Mahale VG, Mahale S. Submerged cultivation and phytochemical analysis of medicinal mushrooms ( Trametes sp.). FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2024; 5:1414349. [PMID: 38919599 PMCID: PMC11196847 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1414349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Mushrooms are widely available around the world and have various nutritional as well as therapeutic values. Many Asian cultures believe that medicinal mushrooms can prolong life and improve vitality. This study aims to characterize the phytochemical and polysaccharide content, mainly β-glucan content, of mycelial biomass and fruiting bodies collected from the Himalayan region, particularly Uttarakhand. Through molecular analysis of the LSU F/R-rDNA fragment sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the strain was identified as Trametes sp. We performed screening of phytochemicals and polysaccharides in mushroom and biomass extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a PC-based UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The macrofungal biomass was found to be high in saponin, anthraquinone, total phenolic, flavonoid, and β-glucan content. In biomass extract, we observed a high level of saponin (70.6µg/mL), anthraquinone (14.5µg/mL), total phenolic (12.45 µg/mL), and flavonoid (9.500 µg/mL) content. Furthermore, we examined the contents of alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and sterols in the biomass and mushroom extracts; the concentration of these compounds in the ethanol extract tested was minimal. We also looked for antioxidant activity, which is determined in terms of the IC50 value. Trametes sp. mushroom extract exhibits higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (62.9% at 0.5 mg/mL) than biomass extract (59.19% at 0.5 mg/mL). We also analyzed β-glucan in Trametes sp. from both mushroom and biomass extracts. The biomass extract showed a higher β-glucan content of 1.713 mg/mL than the mushroom extract, which is 1.671 mg/mL. Furthermore, β-glucan analysis was confirmed by the Megazyme β-glucan assay kit from both biomass and mushroom extract of Trametes sp. β-glucans have a promising future in cancer treatment as adjuncts to conventional medicines. Producing pure β-glucans for the market is challenging because 90-95% of β glucan sold nowadays is thought to be manipulated or counterfeit. The present study supports the recommendation of Trametes sp. as rich in β-glucan, protein, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities that help individuals with cancer, diabetes, obesity, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moni Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Karn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
| | - Anne Bhambri
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Effiong ME, Umeokwochi CP, Afolabi IS, Chinedu SN. Comparative antioxidant activity and phytochemical content of five extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). Sci Rep 2024; 14:3794. [PMID: 38361132 PMCID: PMC10869810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species reacts with numerous molecules in the body system causing oxidative damage, which requires antioxidants to ameliorate. Pleurotus ostreatus, a highly nutritious edible mushroom, has been reported to be rich in bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the comparative antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents of five extracts of P. ostreatus: aqueous (AE), chloroform (CE), ethanol (EE), methanol (ME) and n-hexane (HE). The phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined using standard in-vitro antioxidant assay methods. Results showed that the extracts contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, anthrocyanins, and betacyanins in varied amounts. CE had the highest flavonoid content (104.83 ± 29.46 mg/100 g); AE gave the highest phenol content of 24.14 ± 0.02 mg/100 g; tannin was highest in EE (25.12 ± 0.06 mg/100 g); HE had highest amounts of alkaloids (187.60 ± 0.28 mg/100 g) and saponins (0.16 ± 0.00 mg/100 g). Antioxidant analyses revealed that CE had the best hydroxyl radical activity of 250% at 100 µg/ml and ferric cyanide reducing power of 8495 µg/ml; ME gave the maximum DPPH activity (87.67%) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (65.58%) at 500 µg/ml; EE had the highest nitric oxide radical inhibition of 65.81% at 500 µg/ml and ascorbate peroxidase activity of 1.60 (iU/l). AE had the best total antioxidant capacity (5.27 µg/ml GAE at 500 µg/ml) and ferrous iron chelating activity (99.23% at 100 µg/ml) while HE gave the highest guaiacol peroxidase activity of 0.20(iU/l). The comparative phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics (IC50) of the extracts followed the order: CE > AE > EE > ME > HE. Overall, chloroform was the best extraction solvent for P. ostreatus. The high content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and alkaloids in P. ostreatus makes it a rich source of antioxidants and potential candidate for the development of new therapies for a variety of oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Eno Effiong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Chidinma Precious Umeokwochi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Israel Sunmola Afolabi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC) Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Shalom Nwodo Chinedu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC) Covenant University, Canaanland, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Petrovic N, Tosti T, Srbljak I, Đurić A, Simić Z, Kosanić M. Analysis of the Chemical and Medicinal Properties of Armillaria ostoyae (Agaricomycetes) Extracts and the Presence of Heavy Metals in Dry Basidiocarps. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:33-50. [PMID: 39093400 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the chemical and medicinal properties of methanolic and acetonic extracts of Armillaria ostoyae and the presence of heavy metals in its dry basidiocarps. The chemical content of extracts was analyzed with the HPLC-DAD-MS/MS method. According to our results, the most abundant mineral was potassium; the most abundant organic acid was malic acid; the most abundant carbohydrate was fructose, and the most abundant polyphenol was chlorogenic acid. The antimicrobial potential was evaluated using the microdilution assay, and the results ranged from 0.62 to 20 mg/mL. Antioxidant potential was studied by DPPH [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the methanolic extract was 619.67 μg/mL and of the acetonic extract was 533.65 μg/mL] and reducing power assays (the results ranged from 0.025 to 0.078 μg/mL). Total phenolic content was presented as gallic acid equivalent (methanolic extract, 6.12 mg GAE/g; acetonic extract, 3.99 mg GAE/g). The antidiabetic potential was explored by applying the α-amylase (the results ranged from 39.62 to 44.33%) and α-glucosidase assays (the results were in the range of 0.27-2.51%). The neuroprotective activity was asserted by the acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay (the results were in the range of 3.06-6.09%). The cytotoxic potential was investigated using the microtetrazolium assay, and the IC50 values ranged from 221.96 to > 400 μg/mL. Heavy metal content of the dry basidiocarps was evaluated using the AAS method and iron was the most abundant metal. A. ostoyae is a conditionally edible mushroom, which was not studied thoroughly before, thus this research will provide valuable knowledge about this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Petrovic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tomislav Tosti
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Srbljak
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Đurić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Simić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana Kosanić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34 000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Bains A, Chawla P, Inbaraj BS. Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of Edible Mushroom ( Agrocybe aegerita). Foods 2023; 12:3562. [PMID: 37835214 PMCID: PMC10572136 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, ethanol extract obtained from the mycelial culture of Agrocybe aegerita was evaluated for its antioxidant activity as well for its potential to inhibit the virulence factor responsible for quorum-sensing activity and antibiofilm activity of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain. The extract of mushroom at different concentrations showed percentage inhibition in a dose-dependent manner for DPPH and nitric oxide assays with the lowest as 38.56 ± 0.11% and 38.87 ± 0.04% at 50 µg/mL and the highest as 85.63 ± 0.12% and 82.34 ± 0.12% at 200 µg/mL. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional group -OH, O-H bending bonds, C=C stretching, pyranose ring, and H-C-H stretch, confirming the presence of phenol, carotenoid, and ascorbic acid. HPLC analysis revealed that the concentration of gallic acid present in the extract is 27.94 mg/100 g which is significantly (p < 0.05) more than the concentration of rutin (i.e., 7.35 mg/100 g). GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 5-methyl-1-heptanol, 2-heptadecenal, phthalic acid, butyl hept-4-yl ester, 2-dodecanol, benzoic acid, TMS derivative. The extract showed significantly (p < 0.05) more inhibition of pyocyanin (61.32%) and pyoverdine (54.02%). At higher concentrations of mushroom extract, there was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction (56.32%) in the swarming motility of the test organism. The extract showed 72.35% inhibition in biofilm formation. Therefore, it has been concluded from the present study that mushroom extract, which is rich in phenolic compounds interferes with the virulence factor responsible for quorum sensing, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation, and can be utilized as therapeutic agents against multi-drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
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Johra FT, Hossain S, Jain P, Bristy AT, Emran T, Ahmed R, Sharker SM, Bepari AK, Reza HM. Amelioration of CCl 4-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity by Ganoderma lucidum in long evans rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9909. [PMID: 37336915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a serious health problem affecting people worldwide at an alarming rate. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum against CCl4-induced liver toxicity in rats. The experimental Long Evans rats were divided into five groups, of which four groups were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Among the CCl4 treated groups, one of the groups was treated with silymarin and two of them with ethanolic extract of G. lucidum at 100 and 200 mg/Kg body weight. The oxidative stress parameters and endogenous antioxidant enzyme concentrations were assessed by biochemical tests. Liver enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP were determined spectrophotometrically. Histopathological examinations were carried out to assess hepatic tissue damage and fibrosis. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β genes. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis revealed that G. lucidum is rich in several phytochemicals including 6-Octadecanoic acid (55.81%), l-( +)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate (18.72%), Cis-11-Eicosenamide (5.76%), and Octadecanoic acid (5.26%). Treatment with the G. lucidum extract reduced the elevated ALT, AST, ALP levels, and cellular oxidative stress markers and increased the endogenous antioxidant levels. Histopathology observations revealed that the inflammation, infiltration of immune cells, and aberration of collagen fibers in the hepatocytes were altered by the G. lucidum treatment. The increased expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1 β, and IL-6 were markedly suppressed by G. lucidum extract treatment. G. lucidum also prevented the suppression of protective IL-10 expression by CCl4. This study strongly suggests that G. lucidum extract possesses significant hepatoprotective activity as evidenced by reduced oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by suppression in inflammatory cytokine expression and increased protective IL-10 cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Tuj Johra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Sukria Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Preeti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
| | - Anika Tabassum Bristy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tushar Emran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Rezwana Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Shazid Md Sharker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Asim Kumar Bepari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
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Machado-Carvalho L, Martins T, Aires A, Marques G. Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction and Antioxidant Activity from Inonotus hispidus Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technology. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040524. [PMID: 37110182 PMCID: PMC10145904 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds has been increasing because it is a good alternative to the conventional extraction methods. UAE was used to maximize total polyphenol content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the mushroom Inonotus hispidus using response surface methodology (RSM). Firstly, the effect of 40% (v/v) ethanol and 80% (v/v) methanol on the TPC, DPPH scavenging capacity, and FRAP was evaluated. The ethanolic extracts showed a significantly higher (p < 0.0001) TPC, DPPH scavenging capacity, and FRAP than the methanolic extracts. The best condition to produce an extract with the higher TPC and antioxidant activity was achieved when using 40% (v/v) ethanol, a ratio of 75 mL/g, and an extraction time of 20 min. The chromatographic profile of the extract obtained in the optimized condition revealed that hispidin is the main polyphenol present in the extracts of I. hispidus, representing, together with hispidin-like compounds, the majority of the phenolic compounds (159.56 µg/g DW out of 219.01 µg/g DW). The model allowed us to optimize the conditions to maximize the extraction of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity from I. hispidus, demonstrating its potential as a source of antioxidant compounds, with possible industrial, pharmaceutical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Machado-Carvalho
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Tânia Martins
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Aires
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Guilhermina Marques
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Ding Y, Mo W, Deng Z, Kimatu BM, Gao J, Fang D. Storage Quality Variation of Mushrooms ( Flammulina velutipes) after Cold Plasma Treatment. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010070. [PMID: 36676018 PMCID: PMC9864181 DOI: 10.3390/life13010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes is susceptible to mechanical damage, water loss, microbial growth, and other factors that lead to postharvest deterioration, thereby shortening the storage period. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of cold plasma treatment on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of F. velutipes during storage at 4 °C for 21 days. Compared to the control group, cold plasma cold sterilization (CPCS) treatment (150 Hz, 95 kV for 150 s) effectively inhibited the growth and multiplication of microorganisms on the surface of F. velutipes, with no significant effect on the fresh weight change and the superoxide anion generation rate, but with a higher postharvest 1,1-dephenyl-2-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH) clearance rate. Moreover, CPCS increased antioxidant enzyme activities, delayed both malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and vitamin C loss, inhibited the browning reaction and polyphenol oxidases (PPO) activity and protected F. velutipes cell membrane from disruption. In general, CPCS not only achieved bacteriostatic effects on F. velutipes during storage, but also reduced cell damage from free radical oxidation, resulting in better postharvest quality and longer shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weixian Mo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zilong Deng
- State Key Laboratory Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Benard Muinde Kimatu
- Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University, Egerton 20115, Kenya
| | - Juan Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Donglu Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence:
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