1
|
Zhang Q, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Huang E, Meng L, Liu Y, Tong T. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Chitosan on the Muscle Composition, Digestion, Lipid Metabolism, and Stress Resistance of Juvenile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Cadmium-Induced Stress. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:541. [PMID: 38396509 PMCID: PMC10886040 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on the muscle composition, digestion, lipid metabolism, and stress resistance, and their related gene expression, of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) subjected to cadmium (Cd2+) stress. Juvenile tilapia with an initial body weight of 21.21 ± 0.24 g were fed with a formulated feed containing five different levels (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of chitosan for 60 days, while the water in all experimental groups contained a Cd2+ concentration of 0.2 mg/L. The results showed that, compared with the control group (0% chitosan), the contents of crude fat and crude protein in the muscle, the activities of lipase, trypsin, and amylase in the intestine, as well as the relative expression levels of metallothionein (mt), cytochrome P450 1A (cyp1a), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (cpt-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparγ), hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl), lipoprotein lipase (lpl), malate dehydrogenase (mdh), leptin (lep), fatty acid synthase (fas), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (srebp1), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (scd) genes in the liver of juveniles were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary chitosan supplementation could alleviate the effects of Cd2+ stress on the muscle composition, digestive enzymes, lipid metabolism, and stress resistance, and their related gene expression, of juvenile tilapia, and to some extent reduce the toxic effect of Cd2+ stress on tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (E.H.); (L.M.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning 530008, China
- Guangxi Marine Microbial Resources Industrialization Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Yi Xie
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (E.H.); (L.M.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning 530008, China
- Guangxi Marine Microbial Resources Industrialization Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (E.H.); (L.M.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning 530008, China
- Guangxi Marine Microbial Resources Industrialization Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Enhao Huang
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (E.H.); (L.M.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning 530008, China
- Guangxi Marine Microbial Resources Industrialization Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Liuqing Meng
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (E.H.); (L.M.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning 530008, China
- Guangxi Marine Microbial Resources Industrialization Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (E.H.); (L.M.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning 530008, China
- Guangxi Marine Microbial Resources Industrialization Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Tong Tong
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (E.H.); (L.M.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning 530008, China
- Guangxi Marine Microbial Resources Industrialization Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanning 530008, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohan K, Rajan DK, Ganesan AR, Divya D, Johansen J, Zhang S. Chitin, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides as potential growth promoters and immunostimulants in aquaculture: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126285. [PMID: 37582433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a stable growth in aquaculture production to avoid seafood scarcity. The usage of eco-friendly feed additives is not only associated with aquatic animal health but also reduces the risk of deleterious effects to the environment and consumers. Aquaculture researchers are seeking dietary solutions to improve the growth performance and yield of target organisms. A wide range of naturally derived compounds such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, complex carbohydrates, nutritional factors, herbs, hormones, vitamins, and cytokines was utilized as immunostimulants in aquaculture. The use of polysaccharides derived from natural resources, such as alginate, agar, laminarin, carrageenan, fucoidan, chitin, and chitosan, as supplementary feed in aquaculture species has been reported. Polysaccharides are prebiotic substances which are enhancing the immunity, disease resistance and growth of aquatic animals. Further, chitin (CT), chitosan (CTS) and chitooligosaccharides (COS) were recognized for their biodegradable properties and unique biological functions. The dietary effects of CT, CTS and COS at different inclusion levels on growth performance, immune response and gut microbiota in aquaculture species has been reviewed. The safety regulations, challenges and future outlooks of CT, CTS and COS in aquatic animals have been discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 316, India.
| | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Division of Food Production and Society, Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Torggården, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway
| | - Dharmaraj Divya
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Johan Johansen
- Division of Food Production and Society, Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Torggården, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang L, Tang J, Huang B, Zhang C, Jiang P, Chen D. Effect of Vanillin on the Anaesthesia of Crucian Carp: Effects on Physiological and Biochemical Indices, Pathology, and Volatile Aroma Components. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081614. [PMID: 37107410 PMCID: PMC10138185 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaesthetic effect of vanillin on crucian carp was investigated using different concentrations of vanillin, with a nonvanillin control. The effective concentration range of vanillin anaesthesia was determined from the behavioural characteristics of crucian carp during the anaesthesia onset and recovery phases. Physiological and biochemical indices, and the electronic nose response to the fish muscle, were measured over the range of effectiveanaestheticc concentrations. An increased concentration of vanillin shortened the time taken to achieve deep anaesthesia but increased the recovery time. The levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobinn, platelets, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, total protein, and serum albumin were lower than the control in the vanillin treatment group. Triglycerides and total cholesterol were not significantly affected. Histology showed no effect of vanillin on the liver, except at 1.00 g/L vanillin. Vanillin resulted in a nondose-responsive effect on the gill tissue, increasing the width and spacing of the gill lamellae. E-Nose analysis of the carp-muscle flavour volatiles was able to distinguish between different vanillin treatment concentrations. GC-IMS identified 40 flavour compounds, including 8 aldehydes, 11 alcohols, 10 ketones, 2 esters, and 1 furan. Vanillin had aanaestheticic effect on crucian carp and these findings provide a theoretical basis for improving the transport and experimental manipulation of crucian carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Storage, Transportation and Preservation Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan 250103, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiaming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Storage, Transportation and Preservation Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan 250103, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Baosheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Storage, Transportation and Preservation Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan 250103, China
- National Agricultural Products Modern Logistics Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Guonong Logistics Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250103, China
| | - Changfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Storage, Transportation and Preservation Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan 250103, China
- National Agricultural Products Modern Logistics Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Peihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Storage, Transportation and Preservation Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan 250103, China
- National Agricultural Products Modern Logistics Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Dongjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Storage, Transportation and Preservation Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan 250103, China
- National Agricultural Products Modern Logistics Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan 250103, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang C, Liu Y, Yao C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu J, Hong Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Effects of supplemental fulvic acid on survival, growth performance, digestive ability and immunity of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) larvae. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1159320. [PMID: 37064905 PMCID: PMC10102811 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1159320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A 30-day feeding trial was designed to evaluate the effect of supplemental fulvic acid (FA) on survival, growth performance, digestive ability and immunity of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) larvae (initial body weight 11.33 ± 0.57 mg). Four isonitrogenous and isolipids diets containing 0.00%, 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.04% FA were formulated, respectively. Results showed that the supplementation of 0.04% FA significantly improved survival rate of large yellow croaker larvae. Meanwhile, supplemental FA significantly increased final body weight and specific growth rate. Based on the specific growth rate, the optimal supplementation was 0.0135% FA. Larvae fed the diet with 0.01% FA had significantly higher villus height than the control. The supplementation of 0.01%–0.02% FA significantly increased the muscular thickness of intestine. Moreover, supplementation of FA significantly increased mRNA expression of intestinal epithelial proliferation and barrier genes (pcna, zo-1 and zo-2). Diets supplemented with 0.02%–0.04% FA significantly increased the activity of trypsin in the intestinal segment, while 0.01%–0.02% FA significantly increased the activity of trypsin in the pancreatic segment. Compared with the control, supplementation of FA remarkably increased activities of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase in the brush border membrane of intestine. Larvae fed the diet with 0.01% FA significantly increased activities of lysozyme and total nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, the supplementation of 0.01% to 0.02% FA significantly decreased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnf-α and il-6). Concurrently, supplemental FA significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (il-10) mRNA expression level. In conclusion, this study indicated that the supplementation of FA could improve the survival rate and growth performance of larvae by promoting intestinal development, digestive enzymes activities and innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanwei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yucong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghui Ai,
| |
Collapse
|