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Saberi Riseh R, Gholizadeh Vazvani M, Taheri A, Kennedy JF. Pectin-associated immune responses in plant-microbe interactions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132790. [PMID: 38823736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the role of pectin, a complex polysaccharide found in the plant cell wall, in mediating immune responses during interactions between plants and microbes. The objectives of this study were to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying pectin-mediated immune responses and to understand how these interactions shape plant-microbe communication. Pectin acts as a signaling molecule, triggering immune responses such as the production of antimicrobial compounds, reinforcement of the cell wall, and activation of defense-related genes. Pectin functions as a target for pathogen-derived enzymes, enabling successful colonization by certain microbial species. The document discusses the complexity of pectin-based immune signaling networks and their modulation by various factors, including pathogen effectors and host proteins. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding the crosstalk between pectin-mediated immunity and other defense pathways to develop strategies for enhancing plant resistance against diseases. The insights gained from this study have implications for the development of innovative approaches to enhance crop protection and disease management in agriculture. Further investigations into the components and mechanisms involved in pectin-mediated immunity will pave the way for future advancements in plant-microbe interaction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, University of agricultural Sciences and natural resources of Gorgan, Iran.
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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Hassanisaadi M, Kennedy JF, Rabiei A, Riseh RS, Taheri A. Nature's coatings: Sodium alginate as a novel coating in safeguarding plants from frost damages. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131203. [PMID: 38554900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Frost damage remains a significant challenge for agricultural practices worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses and food insecurity. Practically, traditional methods for frost management have proven ineffective and come with several drawbacks, such as energy consumption and limited efficacy. Hence, proposing an anti-freezing coating can be an innovative idea. The potential of sodium alginate (SA) to construct anti-freezing hydrogels has been explored in several sciences. SA hydrogels can form protective films around plants as a barrier against freezing temperatures and ice crystals on the plant's surface. Sodium alginate exhibits excellent water retention, enhancing plant hydration during freezing conditions. This coating can provide insulation, effectively shielding the plant from frost damage. The advantages of SA as a coating material, such as its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxic nature, are highlighted. Therefore, the proposed use of SA as an innovative coating material holds promise for safeguarding plants from frost damage. Following SA potential and frost's huge damage, the present review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in SA-based anti-freezing hydrogels, their applications, and their potential in agriculture as anti-freezing coatings. However, further research and field trials are necessary to optimize the application methods and understand the long-term effects on productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratory Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Walls, United Kingdom.
| | - Ali Rabiei
- Department of Civil Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran; Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 771751735.
| | - Abdolhossein Taheri
- Department of plant protection, faculty of plant production, Gorgan university of Agricultural sciences and natural resources, Iran.
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Saberi Riseh R, Hassanisaadi M, Vatankhah M, Varma RS, Thakur VK. Nano/Micro-Structural Supramolecular Biopolymers: Innovative Networks with the Boundless Potential in Sustainable Agriculture. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:147. [PMID: 38457088 PMCID: PMC10923760 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture plays a crucial role in meeting the growing global demand for food while minimizing adverse environmental impacts from the overuse of synthetic pesticides and conventional fertilizers. In this context, renewable biopolymers being more sustainable offer a viable solution to improve agricultural sustainability and production. Nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers are among these innovative biopolymers that are much sought after for their unique features. These biomaterials have complex hierarchical structures, great stability, adjustable mechanical strength, stimuli-responsiveness, and self-healing attributes. Functional molecules may be added to their flexible structure, for enabling novel agricultural uses. This overview scrutinizes how nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers may radically alter farming practices and solve lingering problems in agricultural sector namely improve agricultural production, soil health, and resource efficiency. Controlled bioactive ingredient released from biopolymers allows the tailored administration of agrochemicals, bioactive agents, and biostimulators as they enhance nutrient absorption, moisture retention, and root growth. Nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers may protect crops by appending antimicrobials and biosensing entities while their eco-friendliness supports sustainable agriculture. Despite their potential, further studies are warranted to understand and optimize their usage in agricultural domain. This effort seeks to bridge the knowledge gap by investigating their applications, challenges, and future prospects in the agricultural sector. Through experimental investigations and theoretical modeling, this overview aims to provide valuable insights into the practical implementation and optimization of supramolecular biopolymers in sustainable agriculture, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative and eco-friendly solutions to enhance agricultural productivity while minimizing environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan, 7718897111, Iran.
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan, 7718897111, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan, 7718897111, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural Collage (SRUC), Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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Saberi Riseh R, Vatankhah M, Hassanisaadi M, Varma RS. A review of chitosan nanoparticles: Nature's gift for transforming agriculture through smart and effective delivery mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129522. [PMID: 38246470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have emerged as a promising tool in agricultural advancements due to their unique properties including, biocompatability, biodegradability, non-toxicity and remarkable versatility. These inherent properties along with their antimicrobial, antioxidant and eliciting activities enable CNPs to play an important role in increasing agricultural productivity, enhancing nutrient absorption and improving pest management strategies. Furthermore, the nano-formulation of chitosan have the ability to encapsulate various agricultural amendments, enabling the controlled release of pesticides, fertilizers, plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents, thus offering precise and targeted delivery mechanisms for enhanced efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest research and developments in the use of CNPs for enhancing agricultural practices through smart and effective delivery mechanisms. It discusses the synthesis methods, physicochemical properties, and their role in enhancing seed germination and plant growth, crop protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, improving soil quality and reducing the environmental pollution and delivery of agricultural amendments. Furthermore, the potential environmental benefits and future directions for integrating CNPs into sustainable agricultural systems are explored. This review aims to shed light on the transformative potential of chitosan nanoparticles as nature's gift for revolutionizing agriculture and fostering eco-friendly farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran; Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 771751735, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Beula Isabel J, Balamurugan A, Renuka Devi P, Periyasamy S. Chitosan-encapsulated microbial biofertilizer: A breakthrough for enhanced tomato crop productivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129462. [PMID: 38237830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Encapsulation technology protects the beneficial microorganisms, which are the sources of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K), with a carrier material and improves the nutrient uptake from the soil. Pseudomonas fluorescens, gram-negative bacteria, was selected as the microorganism for encapsulation. A chitosan carrier (3 %), a polysaccharide, was chosen for the encapsulation of the bacterial strain to use as biofertilizers by standardization with two carriers, sodium alginate and chitosan. P. fluorescens encapsulated with chitosan showed a higher shelf life than sodium alginate. The shelf life of the encapsulated culture (7 × 1010 CFU/mL) was maintained for ten months. Studies were performed with the encapsulated P. fluorescens to analyze its nature and characteristics. The pot and field studies were conducted with the encapsulated P. fluorescens for the tomato crop. The difference between the treated and control plants was observed based on biometric parameters like shoot length and root length, fruit weight, and number of branches and fruits per plant. This study reveals that encapsulated P. fluorescens improved the yield of the crops. In addition, soil health and fertility were also enhanced. Thus, encapsulated P. fluorescens could be a superior solution for promoting soil health and crop productivity for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Beula Isabel
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India.
| | - A Balamurugan
- Department of Botany, The American College, Madurai 625002, India
| | - P Renuka Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Selvakumar Periyasamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
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Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Kumar R, Mangal V, Kumar A, Kumar R, Sharma S, Sagar V, Singh B. Salt stress influences the proliferation of Fusarium solani and enhances the severity of wilt disease in potato. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26718. [PMID: 38434015 PMCID: PMC10906416 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity has emerged as a critical abiotic stress in potato production, whereas wilt disease, caused by Fusarium solani, is the significant biotic stress. An experiment was performed to decipher the occurrence of wilt incidence by F. solani FJ1 under the influence of salinity in both in vitroand pot culture conditions. High salt concentration negatively influenced root and shoot development in the variety "Kufri Jyoti" but positively affected the mycelial growth and sporulation behaviours of F. solani FJ1. There was abundant whitish mycelial growth with enhanced biomass and high sporulation (microconidia production) in F. solani FJ1 cultured on salt-supplemented media. Moreover, under high salinity conditions (EC 2-8 dS m-1), severe wilting and rotting of vascular bundles were observed in plants artificially inoculated with F. solani FJ1. The mortality rate of potato plants was significantly higher under individual and combined stresses as compared to control. The wilt index of individual and combined stressed plants was also substantially higher compared to the control. Additionally, compared to the control, there was a significant decrease in total chlorophyll content and membrane stability index of the leaves under combined stress. However, the total phenols were increased under stress conditions. The total sugar content of potato plants decreased in infected plants, but increased when exposed to salt stress or a combination of salt stress and pathogen infection. F. solani infection also increased the activity of peroxidase (POX) and decreased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT). These results suggest that Fusarium wilt and dry rot will be a more severe disease for potato cultivation in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of CPB&PHT, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vikas Mangal
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Vinay Sagar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Division of CPB&PHT, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
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Moradi Pour M, Hassanisaadi M, Kennedy JF, Saberi Riseh R. A novel biopolymer technique for encapsulation of Bacillus velezensis BV9 into double coating biopolymer made by in alginate and natural gums to biocontrol of wheat take-all disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128526. [PMID: 38172030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis has been known for its high potential in controlling agricultural diseases. Technological advances have opened new perspectives for producing effective formulations by reducing some of the obstacles to their use, such as instability and loss of activity due to exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Encapsulation is one of the new approaches in agricultural science. This research describes discoveries related to processes for the microencapsulation of B. velezensis with natural gums. The efficiency, survival, and controlled release of B. velesensis BV9 encapsulated with alginate mixed with zedo gum, mastic gum, and tragacanth gum were evaluated for this aim. Furthermore, under greenhouse conditions, the encapsulated cells were assessed to control Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in wheat. The results indicated that all tested microcapsules protected >60 % of the bacterial cells. The Alginate-Zedo Gum (Alg-ZG) microcapsules showed a better-controlled release over two months. The greenhouse study indicated that treating wheat plants with Alg-ZG microcapsules was the most efficient treatment, suppressing 100 % of the pathogen. The results indicated that Alg-ZG is the most promising mixture to improve the survivability of B. velezensis BV9. Also, using natural gums and great potential of this formulation provides an effective and affordable fertilizers for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojde Moradi Pour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WRI5 8FF Tenbury Well, United Kingdom
| | - Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
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Tosif MM, Bains A, Sridhar K, Inbaraj BS, Ali N, Dikkala PK, Kumar A, Chawla P, Sharma M. Fabrication and Characterization of Taro ( Colocasia esculenta)-Mucilage-Based Nanohydrogel for Shelf-Life Extension of Fresh-Cut Apples. Gels 2024; 10:95. [PMID: 38391425 PMCID: PMC10888338 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Taro mucilage is a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and water-soluble edible viscous polysaccharide, which possesses diverse techno-functional properties including gelling and anti-microbial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the efficacy of taro mucilage nanohydrogel for the shelf-life enhancement of fresh-cut apples. Taro mucilage was extracted using cold water extraction, and the yield of mucilage was found to be 2.95 ± 0.35% on a dry basis. Different concentrations of mucilage (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) were used to formulate the nanohydrogel. A smaller droplet size of 175.61 ± 0.92 nm was observed at 3% mucilage, with a zeta potential of -30.25 ± 0.94 mV. Moreover, FTIR data of nanohydrogel revealed the functional groups of various sugars, uronic acids, and proteins. Thermal analysis of nanohydrogel exhibited weight loss in three phases, and maximum weight loss occurred from 110.25 °C to 324.27 °C (65.16%). Nanohydrogel showed shear-thinning fluid or pseudo-plastic behavior. Coating treatment of nanohydrogel significantly reduced the weight loss of fresh-cut apples (8.72 ± 0.46%) as compared to the control sample (12.25 ± 0.78%) on the 10th day. In addition, minor changes were observed in the pH for both samples during the 10 days of storage. Titrable acidity of control fresh-cut apples measured 0.22 ± 0.05% on day 0, rising to 0.42 ± 0.03% on the 10th day, and for coated fresh-cut apples, it was observed to be 0.24 ± 0.07% on the 0th day and 0.36 ± 0.06% on 10th day, respectively. Furthermore, the total soluble solids (TSS) content of both control and coated fresh-cut apples measured on the 0th day was 11.85 ± 0.65% and 12.33 ± 0.92%, respectively. On the 10th day, these values were significantly increased (p < 0.05) to 16.38 ± 0.42% for the control and 14.26 ± 0.39% for the coated sliced apples, respectively. Nanohydrogel-coated fresh-cut apples retained antioxidant activity and vitamin C content as compared to the control sample. Taro mucilage nanohydrogel-based edible coating showed distinct anti-microbial activity against psychrotrophic, aerobic, and yeast molds. In summary, taro mucilage nanohydrogel can be used as a cost-effective natural coating material for the shelf-life enhancement or freshness maintenance of fresh-cut apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansuri M Tosif
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | | | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Praveen Kumar Dikkala
- College of Food Science and Technology, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Pulivendula 516390, India
| | - Ankur Kumar
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, India
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Baridua 793101, India
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Saberi Riseh R. Advancing agriculture through bioresource technology: The role of cellulose-based biodegradable mulches. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128006. [PMID: 37977475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in meeting the world's ever-growing food demands. However, traditional agricultural practices often have negative consequences for the environment, such as soil erosion and chemical runoff. Recently, there has been a pressing need for advance agricultural practices. Cellulose-based mulches offer a solution by optimizing agricultural productivity while minimizing harm. These mulches are made from renewable bioresources derived from cellulose-rich materials. Compared to plastic mulches, cellulose-based alternatives show potential in improving nutrient retention, soil health, weed suppression, water conservation, and erosion mitigation. The article investigates the characteristics and application methods of cellulose-based mulches, highlighting their biodegradability, water retention, crop protection, and weed suppression capabilities. It also evaluates their economic feasibility, emphasizing their potential to transform sustainable farming practices. Overall, cellulose-based mulches have the potential to revolutionize agriculture, addressing environmental concerns while optimizing productivity. They represent a significant step toward a more sustainable and resilient agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Departement of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
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Shi H, Li W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Shen S. Can we control potato fungal and bacterial diseases? - microbial regulation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22390. [PMID: 38046151 PMCID: PMC10686857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potato plant is one of the main crops in the world. However, relatively little is known about key virulence factors of major fungal and bacterial diseases in potatoes, biocontrol measures to improve activity and stability, and the core driving forces in the control process. Here, we focus on analyzing the mechanisms by which genes, proteins, or (and) metabolites of potato pathogens as key virulence factors. Then, the single strain biocontrol agents, synthetic microbial communities, microbial microcapsule strategies were introduced, and the latter two strategies can improve stability and activity in biocontrol. Meanwhile, summarized the defense mechanisms of biocontrol and their specific issues in practical applications. Furthermore, explore how potato crop management, soil management, and climate effects, as crucial driving forces affect potato biocontrol in the system. Dynamic and systematic research, excavation of biocontrol strain resources, find the causes of regional disease resistance and exploration of biocontrol mechanism will provide promising solutions for biotic stress faced by potato in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Shi
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
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Martinović J, Lukinac J, Jukić M, Ambrus R, Planinić M, Šelo G, Perković G, Bucić-Kojić A. The Release of Grape Pomace Phenolics from Alginate-Based Microbeads during Simulated Digestion In Vitro: The Influence of Coatings and Drying Method. Gels 2023; 9:870. [PMID: 37998960 PMCID: PMC10671312 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace is a byproduct of wineries and a sustainable source of bioactive phenolic compounds. Encapsulation of phenolics with a well-chosen coating may be a promising means of delivering them to the intestine, where they can then be absorbed and exert their health-promoting properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, and antimicrobial effects. Ionic gelation of grape pomace extract with natural coatings (sodium alginate and its combination with maltodextrins, gelatin, chitosan, gums Tragacanth and Arabic) was performed, and the resulting hydrogel microbeads were then air-, vacuum-, and freeze-dried to prevent spoilage. Freeze-drying showed advantages in preserving the geometrical parameters and morphology of the microbeads compared to other drying techniques. A good relationship was found between the physicochemical properties of the dried microbeads and the in vitro release of phenolics. Freeze-dried microbeads showed the highest cumulative release of phenols in the intestinal phase (23.65-43.27 mgGAE/gMB), while the most suitable release dynamics in vitro were observed for alginate-based microbeads in combination with gelatin, gum Arabic, and 1.5% (w/v) chitosan. The results highlight the importance of developing encapsulated formulations containing a natural source of bioactive compounds that can be used in various functional foods and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Martinović
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.M.); (J.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Jasmina Lukinac
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.M.); (J.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Marko Jukić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.M.); (J.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mirela Planinić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.M.); (J.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Gordana Šelo
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.M.); (J.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Gabriela Perković
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.M.); (J.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Ana Bucić-Kojić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.M.); (J.L.); (M.J.)
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12
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Devi S, Manhas RK. Induction of systemic resistance in Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annum seedlings against Fusarium wilt by Streptomyces bioformulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109438-109452. [PMID: 37775628 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases induced by various phytopathogens pose a significant threat to contemporary agricultural systems around the world. In modern agriculture, the use of pesticides is still a valuable and effective method to control plant diseases. However, agrochemicals are becoming less popular because of the accretion of toxic compounds perilous and potentially hazardous to humans and the environment. Taking into consideration these aspects, the present study was conducted to explore the biocontrol potential of an endophytic Streptomyces sp. SP5 bioformulations against Fusarium wilt. Three bioformulations were prepared using cell biomass and different carriers, i.e., B1 (talc-kaolin), B2 (MgSO4/glycerol/Na-alginate/talc/Ca-lignosulfonate), and B3 (calcium carbonate/CMC/talc). Apart from antagonistic action against Fusarium wilt, the influence of bioformulations on plant growth and systemic resistance was investigated by analyzing morphological parameters (root length, shoot length, root weight, shoot weight), biochemical parameters (photosynthetic pigments, non-enzymatic antioxidants), and induction of antioxidative enzymes, e.g., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in S. lycopersicum and C. annum seedlings. The results revealed that Streptomyces bioformulations effectively controlled Fusarium wilt in S. lycopersicum and C. annum (82.6-83.4% and 81.8-100%, respectively). Besides reducing disease prevalence, bioformulations significantly increased all the morphological parameters and increased the activity of antioxidative enzymes, i.e., CAT, APX, GPX, and SOD, in plants. The current findings display that bioformulations can be utilized as environment-friendly biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt and also as plant growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumari Manhas
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Freitas DC, Mazali IO, Sigoli FA, da Silva Francischini D, Arruda MAZ. The microwave-assisted synthesis of silica nanoparticles and their applications in a soy plant culture. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27648-27656. [PMID: 37727588 PMCID: PMC10505942 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05648a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid and environmentally friendly synthesis of thermodynamically stable silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) from heating via microwave irradiation (MW) compared to conductive heating is presented, as well as their evaluations in a soy plant culture. The parameters of time and microwave power were evaluated for the optimization of the heating program. Characterization of the produced nanomaterials was obtained from the dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analyses, and the morphology of the SiO2-NPs was obtained by transmission electron microcopy (TEM) images. From the proposed synthesis, stable, monodisperse, and amorphous SiO2-NPs were obtained. Average sizes reported by DLS and TEM techniques were equal to 11.6 nm and 13.8 nm, respectively. The water-stable suspension of SiO2-NPs shows a zeta potential of -31.80 mV, and the homogeneously spheroidal morphology observed by TEM corroborates with the low polydispersity values (0.300). Additionally, the TEM with fast Fourier transform (FFT), demonstrates the amorphous characteristic of the nanoparticles. The MW-based synthesis is 30 times faster, utilizes 4-fold less reagents, and is ca. 18-fold cheaper than conventional synthesis through conductive heating. After the synthesis, the SiO2-NPs were added to the soil used for the cultivation of soybeans, and the homeostasis for Cu, Ni, and Zn was evaluated through the determination of their total contents by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in soy leaves and also through bioimages obtained using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Although the results corroborate through both techniques, they also show the influence of these nanoparticles on the elemental distribution of the leaf surface with altered homeostasis of such elements from both transgenic crops compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carneiro Freitas
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp P.O. Box 6154 Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp P.O. Box 6154 Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Italo Odone Mazali
- Functional Materials Laboratory - Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Fernando Aparecido Sigoli
- Functional Materials Laboratory - Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP P. O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Danielle da Silva Francischini
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp P.O. Box 6154 Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp P.O. Box 6154 Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp P.O. Box 6154 Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp P.O. Box 6154 Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
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Sampedro-Guerrero J, Vives-Peris V, Gomez-Cadenas A, Clausell-Terol C. Efficient strategies for controlled release of nanoencapsulated phytohormones to improve plant stress tolerance. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:47. [PMID: 37189192 PMCID: PMC10184380 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change due to different human activities is causing adverse environmental conditions and uncontrolled extreme weather events. These harsh conditions are directly affecting the crop areas, and consequently, their yield (both in quantity and quality) is often impaired. It is essential to seek new advanced technologies to allow plants to tolerate environmental stresses and maintain their normal growth and development. Treatments performed with exogenous phytohormones stand out because they mitigate the negative effects of stress and promote the growth rate of plants. However, the technical limitations in field application, the putative side effects, and the difficulty in determining the correct dose, limit their widespread use. Nanoencapsulated systems have attracted attention because they allow a controlled delivery of active compounds and for their protection with eco-friendly shell biomaterials. Encapsulation is in continuous evolution due to the development and improvement of new techniques economically affordable and environmentally friendly, as well as new biomaterials with high affinity to carry and coat bioactive compounds. Despite their potential as an efficient alternative to phytohormone treatments, encapsulation systems remain relatively unexplored to date. This review aims to emphasize the potential of phytohormone treatments as a means of enhancing plant stress tolerance, with a specific focus on the benefits that can be gained through the improved exogenous application of these treatments using encapsulation techniques. Moreover, the main encapsulation techniques, shell materials and recent work on plants treated with encapsulated phytohormones have been compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Sampedro-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gomez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Carolina Clausell-Terol
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Cerámica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
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15
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Saberi Riseh R, Gholizadeh Vazvani M, Hassanisaadi M, Thakur VK, Kennedy JF. Use of whey protein as a natural polymer for the encapsulation of plant biocontrol bacteria: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123708. [PMID: 36806771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes, drought, the salinity of water and soil, the emergence of new breeds of pests and pathogens, the industrialization of countries, and environmental contamination are among the factors limiting the production of agricultural products. The use of chemicals (in the form of fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides) to enhance products against biotic and abiotic stresses has limitations. To eliminate the effects of agricultural chemicals, synthetic agrochemicals should be replaced with natural substances and useful microorganisms. To be more effective and efficient, plant biocontrol bacteria need a coating layer around themselves to protect them from adverse conditions. Whey protein, a valuable by-product of the cheese industry, is one of the important natural polymers. Due to its high protein content, safety, and biodegradability, whey can have many applications in agriculture and encapsulation of bacteria to resist pests and plant diseases. This compound is a rich source of amino acids that can activate plant defense systems and defense enzymes. Considering the amazing potentialities of formulation whey protein, this review attends to the efficiency of whey protein as coating layers on fruit and vegetables and in the packaging system to increase the shelf life of agricultural products against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India; Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India.
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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Jíménez-Arias D, Morales-Sierra S, Silva P, Carrêlo H, Gonçalves A, Ganança JFT, Nunes N, Gouveia CSS, Alves S, Borges JP, Pinheiro de Carvalho MÂA. Encapsulation with Natural Polymers to Improve the Properties of Biostimulants in Agriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:plants12010055. [PMID: 36616183 PMCID: PMC9823467 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation in agriculture today is practically focused on agrochemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, or fertilizers to enhance the protective or nutritive aspects of the entrapped active ingredients. However, one of the most promising and environmentally friendly technologies, biostimulants, is hardly explored in this field. Encapsulation of biostimulants could indeed be an excellent means of counteracting the problems posed by their nature: they are easily biodegradable, and most of them run off through the soil, losing most of the compounds, thus becoming inaccessible to plants. In this respect, encapsulation seems to be a practical and profitable way to increase the stability and durability of biostimulants under field conditions. This review paper aims to provide researchers working on plant biostimulants with a quick overview of how to get started with encapsulation. Here we describe different techniques and offer protocols and suggestions for introduction to polymer science to improve the properties of biostimulants for future agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jíménez-Arias
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sarai Morales-Sierra
- Grupo de Biología Vegetal Aplicada, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal-Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Patrícia Silva
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Henrique Carrêlo
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Adriana Gonçalves
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José Filipe Teixeira Ganança
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Nuno Nunes
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- CiTAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla S. S. Gouveia
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- CiTAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sónia Alves
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Borges
- CENIMAT|i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho
- ISOPlexis, Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- CiTAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds for Food and Agricultural Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194194. [PMID: 36236142 PMCID: PMC9571964 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents an updated scenario of findings and evolutions of encapsulation of bioactive compounds for food and agricultural applications. Many polymers have been reported as encapsulated agents, such as sodium alginate, gum Arabic, chitosan, cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, Shellac, xanthan gum, zein, pullulan, maltodextrin, whey protein, galactomannan, modified starch, polycaprolactone, and sodium caseinate. The main encapsulation methods investigated in the study include both physical and chemical ones, such as freeze-drying, spray-drying, extrusion, coacervation, complexation, and supercritical anti-solvent drying. Consequently, in the food area, bioactive peptides, vitamins, essential oils, caffeine, plant extracts, fatty acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and terpenes are the main compounds encapsulated. In the agricultural area, essential oils, lipids, phytotoxins, medicines, vaccines, hemoglobin, and microbial metabolites are the main compounds encapsulated. Most scientific investigations have one or more objectives, such as to improve the stability of formulated systems, increase the release time, retain and protect active properties, reduce lipid oxidation, maintain organoleptic properties, and present bioactivities even in extreme thermal, radiation, and pH conditions. Considering the increasing worldwide interest for biomolecules in modern and sustainable agriculture, encapsulation can be efficient for the formulation of biofungicides, biopesticides, bioherbicides, and biofertilizers. With this review, it is inferred that the current scenario indicates evolutions in the production methods by increasing the scales and the techno-economic feasibilities. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for most of the encapsulation methods is going beyond TRL 6, in which the knowledge gathered allows for having a functional prototype or a representative model of the encapsulation technologies presented in this review.
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