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Helin T, Palviainen M, Lemponen M, Maaninka K, Siljander P, Joutsi-Korhonen L. Increased circulating platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in severe COVID-19 disease. Platelets 2024; 35:2313362. [PMID: 38380806 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2313362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Coagulation disturbances are major contributors to COVID-19 pathogenicity, but limited data exist on the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and residual cells (RCs). Fifty hospitalized COVID-19 patients stratified by their D-dimer levels into high (>1.5 mg/L, n = 15) or low (≤1.5 mg/l, n = 35) and 10 healthy controls were assessed for medium-sized EVs (mEVs; 200-1000 nm) and large EVs/RCs (1000-4000 nm) by high sensitivity flow cytometry. EVs were analyzed for CD61, CD235a, CD45, and CD31, commonly used to detect platelets, red blood cells, leukocytes or endothelial cells, respectively, whilst phosphatidyl serine EVs/RCs were detected by lactadherin-binding implicating procoagulant catalytic surface. Small EV detection (sEVs; 50-200 nm) and CD41a (platelet integrin) colocalization with general EV markers CD9, CD63, and CD81 were performed by single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor. Patients with increased D-dimer exhibited the highest number of RCs and sEVs irrespective of cell origin (p < .05). Platelet activation, reflected by increased CD61+ and lactadherin+ mEV and RC levels, associated with coagulation disturbances. Patients with low D-dimer could be discriminated from controls by tetraspanin signatures of the CD41a+ sEVs, suggesting the changes in the circulating platelet sEV subpopulations may offer added prognostic value during COVID progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuukka Helin
- HUS Diagnostics Centre, HUSLAB Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Palviainen
- EV group, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and CURED, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- EV core, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Lemponen
- HUS Diagnostics Centre, HUSLAB Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Maaninka
- EV group, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and CURED, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- EV core, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Siljander
- EV group, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and CURED, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- EV core, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Joutsi-Korhonen
- HUS Diagnostics Centre, HUSLAB Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Barbero Mazzucca C, Cappellano G, Chiocchetti A. Nutrition, Immunity and Aging: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives in Neurodegenerative Diseases. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:573-587. [PMID: 37138438 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230502123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a gradual decline of physiological function and tissue homeostasis and, in many instances, is related to increased (neuro)-degeneration, together with inflammation, becoming one of the most important risks for developing neurodegenerative diseases. Certain individual nutrients or foods in combination may counteract aging and associated neurodegenerative diseases by promoting a balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Thus, nutrition could represent a powerful modulator of this fine balance, other than a modifiable risk factor to contrast inflammaging. This narrative review explores from a broad perspective the impact of nutrition on the hallmarks of aging and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Syndrome (ALS), starting from nutrients up to single foods and complex dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Barbero Mazzucca
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Hambo S, Harb H. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Lung Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16139. [PMID: 38003329 PMCID: PMC10671184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung infections are one of the most common causes of death and morbidity worldwide. Both bacterial and viral lung infections cause a vast number of infections with varying severities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by different cells due to infection in the lung have the ability to modify the immune system, leading to either better immune response or worsening of the disease. It has been shown that both bacteria and viruses have the ability to produce their EVs and stimulate the immune system for that. In this review, we investigate topics from EV biogenesis and types of EVs to lung bacterial and viral infections caused by various bacterial species. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are covered intensively in this review. Moreover, various viral lung infections, including SARS-CoV-2 infections, have been depicted extensively. In this review, we focus on eukaryotic-cell-derived EVs as an important component of disease pathogenesis. Finally, this review holds high novelty in its findings and literature review. It represents the first time to cover all different information on immune-cell-derived EVs in both bacterial and viral lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hani Harb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
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Orrù V, Virdis F, Marongiu M, Serra V, Schlessinger D, Devoto M, Cucca F, Fiorillo E. Effect of Genetic Factors, Age and Sex on Levels of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles and Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087183. [PMID: 37108346 PMCID: PMC10138662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell interactions in biological processes, such as receptor activation or molecule transfer. Estimates of variation by age and sex have been limited by small sample size, and no report has assessed the contribution of genetic factors to levels of EVs. Here, we evaluated blood levels of 25 EV and 3 platelet traits in 974 individuals (933 genotyped) and reported the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) on levels of these traits. EV levels all decreased with age, whereas the trend for their surface markers was more heterogeneous. Platelets and CD31dim platelet EVs significantly increased in females compared to males, although CD31 expression on both platelets and platelet EVs decreased in females. Levels of the other EV subsets were similar between sexes. GWAS revealed three statistically significant genetic signals associated with EV levels in the F10 and GBP1 genes and in the intergenic region between LRIG1 and KBTBD8. These add to a signal in the 3'UTR of RHOF associated with CD31 expression on platelets that was previously found to be associated with other platelet traits. These findings suggest that EV formation is not a simple, constant adjunct of metabolism but is under both age-related and genetic control that can be independent of the regulation of the levels of the cells from which the EVs derive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Orrù
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), 08045 Lanusei, Italy
| | - Francesca Virdis
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), 08045 Lanusei, Italy
| | - Michele Marongiu
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), 08045 Lanusei, Italy
| | - Valentina Serra
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), 08045 Lanusei, Italy
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Ageing, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), 08045 Lanusei, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), 08045 Lanusei, Italy
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, Díaz-Godínez C, Carrero JC. Extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 prognosis, treatment, and vaccination: an update. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2131-2141. [PMID: 36917275 PMCID: PMC10012322 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The lethality of the COVID 19 pandemic became the trigger for one of the most meteoric races on record in the search for strategies of disease control. Those include development of rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods, therapies to treat severe cases, and development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the latter responsible for the current relative control of the disease. However, the commercially available vaccines are still far from conferring protection against acquiring the infection, so the development of more efficient vaccines that can cut the transmission of the variants of concerns that currently predominate and those that will emerge is a prevailing need. On the other hand, considering that COVID 19 is here to stay, the development of new diagnosis and treatment strategies is also desirable. In this sense, there has recently been a great interest in taking advantage of the benefits offered by extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane structures of nanoscale size that carry information between cells participating in this manner in many physiological homeostatic and pathological processes. The interest has been focused on the fact that EVs are relatively easy to obtain and manipulate, allowing the design of natural nanocarriers that deliver molecules of interest, as well as the information about the pathogens, which can be exploited for the aforementioned purposes. Studies have shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 induces the release of EVs from different sources, including platelets, and that their increase in blood, as well as some of their markers, could be used as a prognosis of disease severity. Likewise, EVs from different sources are being used as the ideal carriers for delivering active molecules and drugs to treat the disease, as well as vaccine antigens. In this review, we describe the progress that has been made in these three years of pandemic regarding the use of EVs for diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection. KEY POINTS: • Covid-19 still requires more effective and specific treatments and vaccines. • The use of extracellular vesicles is emerging as an option with multiple advantages. • Association of EVs with COVID 19 and engineered EVs for its control are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de México (UNITEC), Estado de México, Los Reyes, México
| | - César Díaz-Godínez
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de México (UNITEC), Estado de México, Los Reyes, México
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio César Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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