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Huang S, Riley AL. Drug discrimination learning: Interoceptive stimulus control of behavior and its implications for regulated and dysregulated drug intake. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024:173848. [PMID: 39137873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Drug discrimination research has generated rich evidence for the capacity of interoceptive drug stimuli to control behavior by serving as discriminative cues. Owing to its neuropharmacological specificity, drug discrimination learning has been widely used to characterize the stimulus effects and neuropharmacological underpinning of drugs. Apart from such utility, discriminative drug stimuli may help regulate drug use by disambiguating conditioned associations and post-intake outcomes. First, this review summarizes the evidence supporting interoceptive regulation of drug intake from the literature of exteroceptive discriminative control of drug-related behavior, effects of drug priming, and self-titration of drug intake. Second, an overview of interoceptive control of reward-seeking and the animal model of discriminated goal-tracking is provided to illustrate interoceptive stimulus control of the initiation and patterning of drug intake. Third, we highlight the importance of interoceptive control of aversion-avoidance in the termination of drug-use episodes and describe the animal model of discriminated taste avoidance that supports such a position. In bridging these discriminative functions of drug stimuli, we propose that interoceptive drug stimuli help regulate intake by disambiguating whether intake will be rewarding, nonrewarding, or aversive. The reflection and discussion on current theoretical formulations of interoceptive control of drug intake may further scientific advances to improve animal models to study the mechanisms by which interoceptive stimuli regulate drug intake, as well as how alterations of interoceptive processes may contribute to the transition to dysregulated drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Huang
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | - Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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Rogan M, Nunes JC, Xie CZ, Sofuoglu M, Pittman B, De Aquino JP. Brief report: The influence of childhood trauma on the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in persons with opioid use disorder. Am J Addict 2024; 33:343-346. [PMID: 38059660 PMCID: PMC11032222 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Childhood trauma (CT) increases addiction vulnerability. We examined CT's impact on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) effects. METHODS This is a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial investigating the effects of oral THC (10, 20 mg) among 25 persons receiving methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD). RESULTS Greater CT was associated with lower aversive effects from higher THC doses (20 mg) (p = .006). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS CT may reduce the subjective aversive effects of THC, potentially leading to greater cannabis use in individuals with OUD. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE These findings offer insights into THC's risks versus benefits in OUD subgroups and emphasize assessing CT in OUD treatment and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rogan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VISN-1 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julio C Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VISN-1 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Catherine Z Xie
- Department of Counseling and Developmental Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VISN-1 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joao P De Aquino
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VISN-1 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Aghaei AM, Spillane LU, Pittman B, Flynn LT, De Aquino JP, Nia AB, Ranganathan M. Sex Differences in the Acute Effects of Oral THC: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Human Laboratory Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.11.29.23299193. [PMID: 38077095 PMCID: PMC10705657 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.23299193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Recent reports have shown increased cannabis use among women, leading to growing concerns about cannabis use disorder (CUD). Some evidence suggests a faster progression to addiction in women, known as the "telescoping effect." While there is preclinical evidence suggesting biological sex influences cannabinoid effects, human research remains scant. We investigated sex differences in the response to oral tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in humans. Methods 56 healthy men and women with prior exposure to cannabis but no history of CUD participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, human laboratory study where they received a single 10 mg dose of oral THC (dronabinol). Subjective psychoactive effects were assessed by the visual analog scale of "high", psychotomimetic effects by the Clinician-Administered Dissociative Symptoms Scale and Psychotomimetic States Inventory, verbal learning and memory by Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and physiological effects by heart rate. Outcomes were regularly measured on the test day, except for the RAVLT, which was assessed once. Peak differences from baseline were analyzed using a nonparametric method for repeated measures. Results Oral THC demonstrated significant dose-related effects in psychotomimetic and physiological domains, but not in RAVLT outcomes. A notable interaction between THC dose and sex emerged concerning the subjective "high" scores, with women reporting heightened sensations (p=0.05). No other significant effects of sex and THC dose interaction were observed. Conclusion Oral THC yields similar psychotomimetic and physiological effects across sexes, but women may experience a pronounced subjective psychoactive effect. Further research is needed to identify individual vulnerabilities and facilitate tailored interventions addressing CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lia Urban Spillane
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L. Taylor Flynn
- Drexel University School of Medicine MD/PhD program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joao P. De Aquino
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anahita Bassir Nia
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mohini Ranganathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Chen R. Cholesterol modulation of interactions between psychostimulants and dopamine transporters. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 99:35-59. [PMID: 38467486 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a key site of action for cocaine and amphetamines. Dysfunctional DAT is associated with aberrant synaptic dopamine transmission and enhanced drug-seeking and taking behavior. Studies in cultured cells and ex vivo suggest that DAT function is sensitive to membrane cholesterol content. Although it is largely unknown whether psychostimulants alter cholesterol metabolism in the brain, emerging evidence indicates that peripheral cholesterol metabolism is altered in patients with psychostimulant use disorder and circulating cholesterol levels are associated with vulnerability to relapse. Cholesterol interacts with sphingolipids forming lipid raft microdomains on the membrane. These cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains serve to recruit and assemble other lipids and proteins to initiate signal transduction. There are two spatially and functionally distinct populations of the DAT segregated by cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains and cholesterol-scarce non-raft microdomains on the plasma membrane. These two DAT populations are differentially regulated by DAT blockers (e.g. cocaine), substrates (e.g. amphetamine), and protein kinase C providing distinct cholesterol-dependent modulation of dopamine uptake and efflux. In this chapter, we summarize the impact of depletion and addition of membrane cholesterol on DAT conformational changes between the outward-facing and the inward-facing states, lipid raft-associated DAT localization, basal and induced DAT internalization, and DAT function. In particular, we focus on how the interactions of the DAT with cocaine and amphetamine are influenced by membrane cholesterol. Lastly, we discuss the therapeutic potential of cholesterol-modifying drugs as a new avenue to normalize DAT function and dopamine transmission in patients with psychostimulant use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States.
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Manke HN, Nunn SS, Jones RA, Rice KC, Riley AL. Male and female C57BL/6 mice display drug-induced aversion and reward in the combined conditioned taste avoidance/conditioned place preference procedure. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 225:173562. [PMID: 37156400 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs of abuse have rewarding and aversive effects that, in balance, impact abuse potential. Although such effects are generally examined in independent assays (e.g., CPP and CTA, respectively), a number of studies have examined these effects concurrently in rats in a combined CTA/CPP design. The present study assessed if similar effects can be produced in mice which would allow for determining how each is affected by subject and experiential factors relevant to drug use and abuse and the relationship between these affective properties. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a novel saccharin solution, injected (IP) with saline or 5.6, 10 or 18 mg/kg of the synthetic cathinone, methylone, and placed on one side of the place conditioning apparatus. The following day, they were injected with saline, given access to water and placed on the other side of the apparatus. After four conditioning cycles, saccharin avoidance and place preferences were assessed in a final two-bottle CTA test and a CPP Post-Test, respectively. RESULTS In the combined CTA/CPP design, mice acquired a significant dose-dependent CTA (p = 0.003) and a significant CPP (p = 0.002). These effects were independent of sex (all p's > 0.05). Further, there was no significant relationship between the degree of taste avoidance and place preference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Similar to rats, mice displayed significant CTA and CPP in the combined design. It will be important to extend this design in mice to other drugs and to examine the impact of different subject and experiential factors on these effects to facilitate predictions of abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley N Manke
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.
| | - Samuel S Nunn
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - Robert A Jones
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.
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Manke HN, Rice KC, Riley AL. Effects of Methylone Pre-Exposure on Fluoxetine-Induced Conditioned Taste Avoidance in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040585. [PMID: 37190550 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prior work has reported that a drug’s aversive effects (as indexed by taste avoidance conditioning) are attenuated when the pre-exposure and conditioning drugs are the same or different. The latter, otherwise known as cross-drug pre-exposure, is especially interesting as it has been used as a tool to assess mechanisms underlying the aversive effects of drugs. We previously reported that methylone pre-exposure differentially impacted the aversive effects of MDPV and MDMA (MDPV > MDMA), a difference consistent with the dopaminergic mediation of methylone’s aversive effects. To examine the possible role of serotonin (5-HT) in methylone’s aversive effects, the present study assessed the effects of methylone pre-exposure on taste avoidance induced by the 5-HT reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. Methods: Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 10 mg/kg of methylone every 4th day (for a total of 5 injections) prior to taste avoidance training with 10 mg/kg of fluoxetine. Results: Fluoxetine induced significant taste avoidance (each p < 0.05) that was independent of sex. Methylone pre-exposure had no impact on avoidance produced by fluoxetine in either males or females (each p > 0.05). Conclusions: Methylone pre-exposure had no impact on fluoxetine-induced avoidance. These findings suggest that it is unlikely that 5-HT mediates the aversive effects of methylone. The implications of the present results for the mechanisms mediating methylone’s aversive effects were discussed. Understanding such mechanisms is important in predictions relevant to drug history and abuse liability as a variety of subject and experiential factors known to affect (reduce) a drug’s aversive effects may increase its use and potential for abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley N. Manke
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony L. Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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Ou CY, Yu YH, Wu CW, Kozłowska A, Shyu BC, Huang ACW. Neuronal activity of the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and basolateral amygdala in conditioned taste aversion and conditioned place preference induced by different doses of morphine administrations in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1062169. [PMID: 36762112 PMCID: PMC9902353 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1062169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To re-examine the paradoxical effect hypothesis of abused drugs, the present study concerned whether different doses of morphine disparately affect neuronal activity and associations among the subareas of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC: cingulate cortex 1-Cg1, prelimbic cortex-PrL, infralimbic cortex-IL), the subregions of the nucleus accumbens (NAc; both core and shell), and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) following conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and conditioned place preference (CPP). All rats were given a 0.1% saccharin solution for 15-min, and they were intraperitoneally injected with saline or 20, 30, or 40 mg/kg morphine to form the aversive CTA learning. Later, half of the rats were tested for CPP (including the CTA and then CPP tests) for 30-min. Finally, the immunohistochemical staining with c-Fos was conducted after the behavioral test. After the CTA test, c-Fos (%) in the Cg1 and PrL (but not the IL) was more in 20-40 mg/kg of the morphine groups; c-Fos (%) in the NAc core, NAc shell, and BLA was more in the 30-40 mg/kg morphine group. After the CPP test, the Cg1, PrL, IL, and BLA showed more c-Fos (%) in 20 mg/kg morphine; the NAc core showed fewer in c-Fos (%) in the 30-40 mg/kg morphine groups. The mPFC subregions (e.g., Cg1, PrL, and IL), NAc subareas (e.g., NAc core and NAc shell), and BLA were involved in the different doses of morphine injections. The correlation analysis showed that a positive correlation was observed between PrL and IL with NAc core with low doses of morphine and with NAc shell with increasing doses of morphine after the CTA test. After the CPP, an association between PrL and NAc core and NAc shell at low doses and between IL and BLA and NAc shell with increasing doses of morphine. Therefore, different neural substrates and the neural connectivity are observed following different doses of morphine and after the CTA and CPP tests. The present data extend the paradoxical effect hypothesis of abused drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yin Ou
- Department of Psychology, Fo GuangUniversity, Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan
| | - Ying Hao Yu
- Department of Psychology, Fo GuangUniversity, Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National ILan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Wu
- Department of Psychology, Fo GuangUniversity, Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan,Department of Pharmacy, Keelung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathology, School Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bai-Chung Shyu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Bai-Chung Shyu, ; Andrew Chih Wei Huang,
| | - Andrew Chih Wei Huang
- Department of Psychology, Fo GuangUniversity, Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Bai-Chung Shyu, ; Andrew Chih Wei Huang,
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McFalls AJ, Jenney C, Stanford RS, Woodward E, Hajnal A, Grigson PS, Vrana KE. Greater avoidance of a saccharin cue paired with passive delivery of heroin is associated with a select increase in expression of CRFR2 and CRFbp in the hippocampus in rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 191:48-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Manke HN, Nelson KH, Huang S, Bailey JM, Bowman SK, Jones RA, Cerveny SE, Rice KC, Riley AL. Methylone pre-exposure differentially impacts the aversive effects of MDPV and MDMA in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats: Implications for abuse vulnerability. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 220:173470. [PMID: 36206863 PMCID: PMC9667388 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polydrug use is well documented in synthetic cathinone users, although the consequences of such use are not well characterized. In pre-clinical research, a pre-exposure to a drug has been reported to attenuate the aversive effects of other drugs which has implications for their abuse potential. The goal of the present study was to investigate the impact of pre-exposure to the synthetic cathinone methylone on the aversive effects of MDPV and MDMA. METHOD Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 10 mg/kg of methylone every 4th day (for a total of five injections) prior to taste avoidance training with 1.8 mg/kg of MDPV or 1 mg/kg of MDMA. RESULTS MDPV and MDMA induced taste avoidance in males and females (all p's < 0.05). In males, methylone pre-exposure attenuated the avoidance induced by MDPV and MDMA (all p's < 0.05) with the attenuation greater with MDPV. In females, methylone pre-exposure attenuated avoidance induced by MDPV (all p's < 0.05), but it had no effect on those induced by MDMA (all p's > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The effects of exposure to methylone on taste avoidance induced by MDPV and MDMA were drug- (MDPV > MDMA) and sex- (MDMA only in males) dependent. The attenuating effects of methylone pre-exposure on MDPV and MDMA were discussed in terms of their shared neurochemical action. These findings suggest that a history of methylone use may reduce the aversive effects of MDPV and MDMA which may have implications for polydrug use involving the synthetic cathinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley N Manke
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | - Katharine H Nelson
- Reichel Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shihui Huang
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Jacob M Bailey
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Sara K Bowman
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Robert A Jones
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Sydney E Cerveny
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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Liu J, Wu R, Johnson B, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Li JX. Selective TAAR1 agonists induce conditioned taste aversion. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3345-3353. [PMID: 36056214 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is the best-studied receptor of trace amines, a group of biogenic amines expressed at a relatively low level in the mammalian brain. Growing evidence suggests that TAAR1 plays a critical role in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Given that selective TAAR1 agonists were shown to produce pro-cognition and antipsychotic-like effects as well as to suppress drug use and relapse, they have been proposed to be novel treatments for mental disorders such as schizophrenia and addiction. However, the aversive effects of selective TAAR1 agonists remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES Here, we evaluated whether the selective TAAR1 full agonist RO5166017 and partial agonist RO5263397 could induce conditioned taste aversion (CTA). RESULTS We found that RO5166017 and RO5263397 produced significant aversions to both saccharin and NaCl taste novelty. Furthermore, RO5166017 produced CTA to saccharin in TAAR1 heterozygous knockout (taar1±) and wild-type rats but not in TAAR1 homozygous knockout rats (taar1-/-), suggesting that TAAR1 was sufficient for the taste aversive stimulus property of RO5166017. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicate that selective TAAR1 agonists could produce strong CTA. Our study urges careful evaluations of the aversive effects of TAAR1 agonists before translating them to clinical use for the treatment of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ruyan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Bernard Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal-like Adherent Stromal Cells as an Effective Cell Therapy for Cocaine Addiction in a Rat Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071311. [PMID: 35890207 PMCID: PMC9324501 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research points to mesenchymal stem cells’ potential for treating neurological disorders, especially drug addiction. We examined the longitudinal effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal-like cells (PLX-PAD) in a rat model for cocaine addiction. Sprague–Dawley male rats were trained to self-administer cocaine or saline daily until stable maintenance. Before the extinction phase, PLX-PAD cells were administered by intracerebroventricular or intranasal routes. Neurogenesis was evaluated, as was behavioral monitoring for craving. We labeled the PLX-PAD cells with gold nanoparticles and followed their longitudinal migration in the brain parallel to their infiltration of essential peripheral organs both by micro-CT and by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Cell locations in the brain were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. We found that PLX-PAD cells attenuated cocaine-seeking behavior through their capacity to migrate to specific mesolimbic regions, homed on the parenchyma in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and restored neurogenesis. We believe that intranasal cell therapy is a safe and effective approach to treating addiction and may offer a novel and efficient approach to rehabilitation.
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