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Yang L, Shao Y, Gao T, Bajinka O, Yuan X. Current advances in cancer energy metabolism under dietary restriction: a mini review. Med Oncol 2024; 41:209. [PMID: 39060824 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The manipulation of the energy or source of food for cancer cells has attracted significant attention in oncology research. Metabolic reprogramming of the immune system allows for a deeper understanding of cancer cell mechanisms, thereby impeding their progression. A more targeted approach is the restriction of cancer cells through dietary restriction (CR), which deprives cancer cells of the preferred energy sources within the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing immune cell efficacy. Although there is a plethora of CR strategies that can be employed to impede cancer progression, there is currently no comprehensive review that delineates the specific dietary restrictions that target the diverse metabolic pathways of cancer cells. This mini-review introduces amino acids as anti-cancer agents and discusses the role of dietary interventions in cancer prevention and treatment. It highlights the potential of a ketogenic diet as a therapeutic approach for cancer, elucidating its distinct mechanisms of action in tumor progression. Additionally, the potential of plant-based diets as anti-cancer agents and the role of polyphenols and vitamins in anti-cancer therapy were also discussed, along with some prospective interventions for CR as anti-tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxin Yang
- First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Street, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudian Shao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150006, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Street, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150006, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Hu L, Wu N, Wang J, Yao M, Han B. Network Pharmacology Combined with Bioinformatics Analysis to Texplore the Potential Mechanism of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex Against Bladder Cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01414-6. [PMID: 39023680 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The pharmacological mechanism of Phellodendri Chinensis cortex (PCC) against diseases, especially bladder cancer (BC), has never been reported systematically. This study was designed to explore potential mechanism of PCC in treatment of BC. First, we used network pharmacology to discover the potential mechanism of Phellodendri Chinensis cortex and phellodendrine against bladder cancer. Then, we used bioinformatics analysis to verify the correlation between gene expression analysis, survival analysis and common targets. Finally, molecular docking was used to calculate the binding energies of phellodendrine and common targets.A total of 264 targets for PCC were predicted, and 391 BC-related targets were obtained from 4 databases. There were 54 potential targets, 315 biological processes, and 120 signaling pathways involved for PCC against BC. The CDKN2A expression increased and the ESR1, JUN, IL6, AR, and PTGS2 levels decreased in BC according to Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis version 2. The high expression of JUN, MYC, EGFR, and EGF and low expression of VEGFA and PPARG were associated with short overall survival (OS). The high expression of AKT1, EGFR, and EGF and low expression of IL1β were associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS). The search of the intersection of phellodendrine and BC targets yielded 11 common targets, 50 biological processes, and 13 signaling pathways involved. High AURKA and FASN and low ESR1, JUN, ABCB1, and PTGS1 were expressed in BC. The high expression of FASN, ABCC1, PTGS1, JUN, and PIK3CA was associated with short OS, the high expression of PIK3CA and ABCC1 was associated with poor DFS prognosis. Phellodendrine showed a better binding affinity for PTGS2 protein with a docking score of -7.183 and a MM-GBSA result of -46.47 kcal/mol. This study revealed potential mechanism of PCC and phellodendrine against BC through network pharmacology and bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
- Shanxi Di'an Medical Inspection Center Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Na Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Jue Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Mingze Yao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Bo Han
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
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Zhang Z, Gao Z, Fang H, Zhao Y, Xing R. Therapeutic importance and diagnostic function of circRNAs in urological cancers: from metastasis to drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-023-10152-9. [PMID: 38252399 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a member of non-coding RNAs with no ability in encoding proteins and their aberrant dysregulation is observed in cancers. Their closed-loop structure has increased their stability, and they are reliable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Urological cancers have been responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide, and developing new strategies in their treatment, especially based on gene therapy, is of importance since these malignant diseases do not respond to conventional therapies. In the current review, three important aims are followed. At the first step, the role of circRNAs in increasing or decreasing the progression of urological cancers is discussed, and the double-edged sword function of them is also highlighted. At the second step, the interaction of circRNAs with molecular targets responsible for urological cancer progression is discussed, and their impact on molecular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, EMT, and MMPs is highlighted. Finally, the use of circRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of urological cancer patients is discussed to translate current findings in the clinic for better treatment of patients. Furthermore, since circRNAs can be transferred to tumor via exosomes and the interactions in tumor microenvironment provided by exosomes such as between macrophages and cancer cells is of importance in cancer progression, a separate section has been devoted to the role of exosomal circRNAs in urological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhixu Gao
- Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Huimin Fang
- Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Yutang Zhao
- Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Rong Xing
- Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
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4
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Xu L, Ding R, Song S, Liu J, Li J, Ju X, Ju B. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the mechanism of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activation in lung adenocarcinoma by KRAS mutation. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3658. [PMID: 38282149 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activation of the phosphatidlinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been shown to play an important role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The effect of KRAS mutations, one of the important signatures of LUAD, on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in LUAD remains unclear. METHODS The Seurat package and principal component analysis were used for cell categorization of single-cell RNA sequencing data of LUAD. The AUCell score was used to assess the activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Meanwhile, using the gene expression profiles and mutation profiles in the The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, LUAD patients were categorized into KRAS-mutant (KRAS-MT) and KRAS-wild-types (KRAS-WT), and the corresponding enrichment scores were calculated using gene set enrichment analysis analysis. Finally, the subpopulation of cells with the highest pathway activity was identified, the copy number variation profile of this subpopulation was inscribed using the inferCNV package and the CMap database was utilized to make predictions for drugs targeting this subpopulation. RESULTS There is higher PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activity in LUAD epithelial cells with KRAS mutations, and high expression of KRAS, PIK3CA, AKT1 and PDPK1. In particular, we found significantly higher levels of pathway activity and associated gene expression in KRAS-MT than in KRAS-WT. We identified the highest pathway activity on a subpopulation of GRB2+ epithelial cells and the presence of amplified genes within its pathway. Finally, drugs were able to target GRB2+ epithelial cell subpopulations, such as wortmannin, palbociclib and angiogenesis inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides a basic theory for the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway as a result of KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Renquan Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuxi Song
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing Ju
- TCM Innovation Engineering Technology Center, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Baozhao Ju
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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Chen Z. The Role of Specificity Protein 1 (SP1) in Bladder Cancer Progression through PTEN-Mediated AKT/mTOR Pathway. Urol Int 2023; 107:848-856. [PMID: 37666229 DOI: 10.1159/000532128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to investigate the potential mechanism of specificity protein 1 (SP1) in bladder cancer progression through the PTEN-mediated AKT/mTOR pathway. METHODS Human bladder cancer cell lines (HT-1197, HT-1376, and T24) and normal ureteral epithelial cell line SV-HUC-1 were used. SP1 expression was detected via quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed using CCK-8, transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The involvement of the PTEN-mediated AKT/mTOR pathway was evaluated by Western blot. A mouse xenograft model was built, and immunohistochemical staining was applied to visualize SP1 and Ki67 expression in tumor tissues. RESULTS SP1 was overexpressed in bladder cancer cells. SP1 knockdown inhibited viability, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. PTEN intervention increased cell viability, migration, and invasion and decreased apoptosis, which was reversed by SP1 knockdown. The activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway resulting from PTEN knockdown was attenuated by SP1 knockdown. In vivo results showed that SP1 knockdown suppressed tumor growth, increased PTEN expression, and decreased AKT/mTOR pathway-related protein levels. CONCLUSION SP1 promotes bladder cancer progression by inhibiting the PTEN-mediated AKT/mTOR pathway. Targeting SP1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Chaaya C, Zgheib G, El Karak F. Pharmacotherapy developments in autophagy inhibitors for bladder cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1853-1860. [PMID: 37668151 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2254697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is an intracellular process that plays a key role in the cellular homeostasis. Recently, it has been described as a potential therapeutic target in oncology, whether by activating or inhibiting its different cascades. Autophagy inhibitors interact with different molecular processes of the hallmarks of cancer. AREAS COVERED Multiple proteins of the autophagy cascade could be aimed by specific inhibitors in many tumors, notably bladder cancer. In fact, bladder cancer has been increasing in prevalence over the last decade, and resistance to conventional treatment has been extensively reported in the literature. Autophagy inhibitors in bladder cancer have been described in preclinical studies to increase the sensitivity of the tumor to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This paper is a review of the literature, which selected randomized trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies documenting the relationship between autophagy inhibitors and bladder cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION Autophagy is a promising pathway for cancer cell targeting that opens the horizons for a potential new therapeutic area in particular the multidisciplinary management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Chaaya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghady Zgheib
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi El Karak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Hashemi M, Taheriazam A, Daneii P, Hassanpour A, Kakavand A, Rezaei S, Hejazi ES, Aboutalebi M, Gholamrezaie H, Saebfar H, Salimimoghadam S, Mirzaei S, Entezari M, Samarghandian S. Targeting PI3K/Akt signaling in prostate cancer therapy. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:423-443. [PMID: 36367667 PMCID: PMC10409967 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urological cancers have obtained much attention in recent years due to their mortality and morbidity. The most common and malignant tumor of urological cancers is prostate cancer that imposes high socioeconomic costs on public life and androgen-deprivation therapy, surgery, and combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are employed in its treatment. PI3K/Akt signaling is an oncogenic pathway responsible for migration, proliferation and drug resistance in various cancers. In the present review, the role of PI3K/Akt signaling in prostate cancer progression is highlighted. The activation of PI3K/Akt signaling occurs in prostate cancer, while PTEN as inhibitor of PI3K/Akt shows down-regulation. Stimulation of PI3K/Akt signaling promotes survival of prostate tumor cells and prevents apoptosis. The cell cycle progression and proliferation rate of prostate tumor cells increase by PI3K/Akt signaling induction. PI3K/Akt signaling stimulates EMT and enhances metastasis of prostate tumor cells. Silencing PI3K/Akt signaling impairs growth and metastasis of prostate tumor cells. Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling mediates drug resistance and reduces radio-sensitivity of prostate tumor cells. Anti-tumor compounds suppress PI3K/Akt signaling in impairing prostate tumor progression. Furthermore, upstream regulators such as miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs regulate PI3K/Akt signaling and it has clinical implications for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Daneii
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aria Hassanpour
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Kakavand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamin Rezaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadat Hejazi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Aboutalebi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Gholamrezaie
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saebfar
- League of European Research Universities, European University Association, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Zhuang J, Mo J, Huang Z, Yan Y, Wang Z, Cao X, Yang C, Shen B, Zhang F. Mechanisms of Xiaozheng decoction for anti-bladder cancer effects via affecting the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways: a network pharmacology-directed experimental investigation. Chin Med 2023; 18:104. [PMID: 37608369 PMCID: PMC10464372 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of Xiaozheng decoction with postoperative intravesical instillation has been shown to improve the prognosis of bladder cancer patients and prevent recurrence. However, the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this herbal formula remain largely unclear. This research aims to identify the important components of Xiaozheng decoction and explore their anti-bladder cancer effect and mechanism using network pharmacology-based experiments. METHODS The chemical ingredients of each herb in the Xiaozheng decoction were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) database. Network pharmacology was employed to predict the target proteins and pathways of action. Disease databases were utilized to identify target genes associated with bladder cancer. A Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed to illustrate the interaction with intersected target proteins. Key targets were identified using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis. A compound-target-pathway network was established after molecular docking predictions. In vitro experiments with bladder cancer cell lines were conducted using core chemical components confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-qTOF-MS) to verify the conclusions of network pharmacology. RESULTS 45 active compounds were extracted, and their relationships with Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) and protein targets were presented, comprising 7 herbs, 45 active compounds, and 557 protein targets. The intersection between potential TCM target genes and bladder cancer-related genes yielded 322 genes. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that these targets may be involved in numerous cancer-related pathways. Molecular docking results showed that candidate compounds except mandenol could form stable conformations with the receptor. In vitro experiments on three bladder cancer cell lines demonstrated that quercetin and two other impressive new compounds, bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) and kumatakenin, significantly promoted cancer cell apoptosis through the B-cell lymphoma 2/Bcl-2-associated X (Bcl-2/BAX) pathway and inhibited proliferation and migration through the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β)/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSION By employing network pharmacology and conducting in vitro experiments, the mechanism of Xiaozheng decoction's effect against bladder cancer was tentatively elucidated, and its main active ingredients and targets were identified, providing a scientific basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahang Mo
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnan Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangqian Cao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenkai Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yuan ZF, Lin YD, Wu GS, Li L, Yang JP, Zhang JW. Inhibition of the AKT1/mTOR pathway through SIRT6 over expression downregulated the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and prolonged overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:21. [PMID: 36760260 PMCID: PMC9906195 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a common biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) and PD-L1 expressions in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Recombinant plasmids containing green fluorescent protein (GFP)/no SIRT6 (h-NULL) and GFP/SIRT6 (h-SIRT6) were constructed and transfected into A549 cells by lentivirus as vector. The experiment was divided into control, h-NULL and h-SIRT6 groups. We detected apoptosis and the cell cycle by flow cytometry and observed migration and proliferation by wound-healing assays and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium. The expressions of SIRT6, PD-L1, serine/threonine protein kinase-1 (AKT1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) associated X protein (BAX), and BCL-2 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between SIRT6 expression and survival in lung adenocarcinoma treated by ICIs. Results The expression of BAX, apoptosis rate, and proportion of G0G1 and G2M phases in the h-SIRT6 group were higher than in the control and h-NULL groups (P<0.05). The expressions of PD-L1, BCL-2, AKT1, and mTOR migration and proliferation rates and proportion of S phase in the h-SIRT6 group were lower than in the control and h-NULL groups (P<0.05). Survival in lung adenocarcinoma with high SIRT6 expression was better than with low SIRT6 expression. Conclusions SIRT6 over expression, through the inhibition of the AKT1/mTOR pathway, down-regulated PD-L1 expression, influenced biological behaviors, and prolonged survival of lung adenocarcinoma. SIRT6 expression may be a potential gene biomarker for immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fu Yuan
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi-Dong Lin
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gui-Shu Wu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Oncology, First People’s Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China
| | - Jing-Pin Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, China
| | - Jian-Wen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China;,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China;,Academician (Expert) workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
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Qi YS, Xiao MY, Xie P, Xie JB, Guo M, Li FF, Piao XL. Comprehensive serum metabolomics and network analysis to reveal the mechanism of gypenosides in treating lung cancer and enhancing the pharmacological effects of cisplatin. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1070948. [PMID: 36532716 PMCID: PMC9751056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gypenosides (GYP) exerted anticancer activity against various cancers. However, the mechanism of GYP against lung cancer (LC) in vivo remains unclear. This study aims to reveal the potential mechanism of GYP against LC and enhancing cisplatin efficacy using a comprehensive analysis of metabolomics, network analysis. Pharmacodynamic results showed that GYP inhibited tumor growth, reduced tumor volume and tumor weight, and alleviated pathological symptoms in Lewis tumor-bearing mice, and GYP could enhance the anti-LC effects of cisplatin. Using serum metabolomics methods, 53 metabolites were found to be significantly altered in the model group, and the levels of 23 biomarkers were significantly restored after GYP treatment. GYP-related metabolic pathways involved six pathways, including alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. 57 genes associated with differential metabolites of GYP recovery and 7 genes of 11 saponins of GYP against LC were screened by network analysis, the STRING database was used to find the association between 57 genes and 7 genes, and a compound-intersection gene-metabolite related gene-metabolite-pathway network was constructed, and STAT3, MAPK14, EGFR and TYMS might be the crucial targets of GYP against LC. Western blot results showed that GYP restored the levels of STA3, MAPK14, EGFR, and TYMS in the model group, and GYP also restored the levels of STAT3 and MAPK14 in the cisplatin group, indicating that GYP might exert anti-LC effects and enhance the pharmacological effects of cisplatin through MAPK14/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our method revealed the effect and mechanism of GYP on LC and the pharmacological effects of GYP-enhanced chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, which provided some reference for the development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiang-Lan Piao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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11
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Hu Y, He X, Zhou X, Liang Y, Fu Y, Zhang L, Fang J, Liu W, Chen G, Mu Y, Zhang H, Cai H, Liu C, Liu P, Chen J. Gypenosides ameliorate ductular reaction and liver fibrosis via inhibition of hedgehog signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033103. [PMID: 36483737 PMCID: PMC9722742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud and aims: Ductular reaction (DR) is a common pathological change and thought to have a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis. Our previous study reported Gypenosides (GPs) ameliorated liver fibrosis, however, the anti-fibrotic mechanisms of GPs are still unclear. Methods: Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride combining with 2-acerylaminofluorene (CCl4/2-AAF), and Mdr2 knockout (Mdr2 -/-) mice to evaluate the anti-fibrotic role of GPs. In vitro, WB-F344 cells, a hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) line, with or without Gli1 overexpressing lentiviral vectors, were induced by sodium butyrate (SB) to validate the mechanism of GPs and NPLC0393, the main ingredient of GPs. Results: Both in CCl4/2-AAF-treated rats and Mdr2 -/- mice, GPs obviously reduced the deposition of collagen and hydroxyproline content, inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells and inflammatory cell infiltration. Notably, GPs reduced the expressions of Epcam, CK19, CK7, Dhh, Smo, Ptch2, Gli1 and Gli2. Furthermore, CK19+ cells co-expressed Gli1, while the number of CK19+/Gli1+ cells was decreased by GPs. In vitro, GPs and NPLC0393 inhibited the differentiation of WB-F344 cells toward a biliary phenotype. Mechanistically, GPs and NPLC0393 protected against DR by inhibiting hedgehog signaling, which was supported by the results that DR, triggered directly by Gli1 overexpressing lentiviral vector was blocked by administration with GPs or NPLC0393. Conclusion: GPs attenuated DR and liver fibrosis by inhibiting hedgehog signaling, which provided more evidences and a novel mechanism of anti-fibrotic effect of GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Fu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linzhang Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Mu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhao H, Jiao W, Xiu Y, Zhou K, Zhong P, Wang N, Yu S. Enzymatic Biotransformation of Gypenoside XLIX into Gylongiposide I and Their Antiviral Roles against Enterovirus 71 In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:4094. [PMID: 35807341 PMCID: PMC9268165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation of specific saponins in the valuable medical plants to increase their bioavailability and pharmaceutical activities has attracted more and more attention. A gene encoding a thermophilic glycoside hydrolase from Fervidobaterium pennivorans DSM9078 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzyme, exhibiting endoglucanase cellulase activity, was used to transform gypenoside XLIX into gylongiposide I via highly selective and efficient hydrolysis of the glucose moiety linked to the C21 position in gypenoside XLIX. Under the optimal reaction conditions for large scale production of gylongiposide I, 35 g gypenoside XLIX was transformed by using 20 g crude enzyme at pH 6.0 and 80 °C for 4 h with a molar yield of 100%. Finally, 11.51 g of gylongiposide I was purified using a silica gel column with 91.84% chromatographic purity. Furthermore, inhibitory activities of gypenoside XLIX and gylongiposide I against Enterovirus 71 (EV71) were investigated. Importantly, the EC50 of gypenoside XLIX and gylongiposide I calculated from viral titers in supernatants was 3.53 μM and 1.53 μM, respectively. Moreover, the transformed product gylongiposide I has better anti-EV71 activity than the glycosylated precursor. In conclusion, this enzymatic method would be useful in the large-scale production of gylongiposide I, which would be a novel potent anti-EV71 candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxi Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (H.Z.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (P.Z.); (N.W.)
| | - Wenbo Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China;
| | - Yang Xiu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (H.Z.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (P.Z.); (N.W.)
| | - Kailu Zhou
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (H.Z.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (P.Z.); (N.W.)
| | - Peng Zhong
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (H.Z.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (P.Z.); (N.W.)
| | - Nan Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (H.Z.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (P.Z.); (N.W.)
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (H.Z.); (Y.X.); (K.Z.); (P.Z.); (N.W.)
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13
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Aggarwal S, Bhadana K, Singh B, Rawat M, Mohammad T, Al-Keridis LA, Alshammari N, Hassan MI, Das SN. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Extract and its Bioactive Component Cinnamaldehyde Show Anti-Tumor Effects via Inhibition of Multiple Cellular Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:918479. [PMID: 35774603 PMCID: PMC9237655 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.918479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum zeylanicum is a tropical plant with traditional medicinal significance that possesses antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-parasitic, and anti-tumor properties. Here, we have elucidated the anti-tumor effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract (CZE) and its bioactive compound cinnamaldehyde (CIN) on oral cancer and elucidated underlying molecular mechanisms. Anti-tumor activities of CZE and CIN were demonstrated by various in vitro experiments on oral cancer cells (SCC-4, SCC-9, SCC-25). The cell proliferation, growth, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy were analyzed by MTT, clonogenic assay, propidium iodide, annexin-V-PI, DAPI, and acridine orange staining, respectively. The binding affinity of CIN towards dihydrofolate reductase and p38-MAP kinase alpha was analyzed by molecular docking. Western blot assay was performed to assess the alteration in the expression of various proteins. CZE and CIN treatment significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of oral cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. These treatments further induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. CZE and CIN inhibited the invasion and cytoplasmic translocation of NF-κB in these cell lines. CIN showed a high affinity to MAP kinase P38 alpha and dihydrofolate reductase with binding affinities of −6.8 and −5.9 kcal/mol, respectively. The cancer cells showed a decreased expression of various PI3k-AKT-mTOR pathways related to VEGF, COX-2, Bcl-2, NF-κB, and proteins post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhna Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Bhadana
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Baldeep Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenakshi Rawat
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan, ; Satya N. Das,
| | - Satya N. Das
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan, ; Satya N. Das,
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