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Souza MR, Neves MEA, Gorgulho BM, Souza AM, Nogueira PS, Ferreira MG, Rodrigues PRM. Breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Systematic review. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:107. [PMID: 34932697 PMCID: PMC8664063 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the results of the association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. METHODS The articles were searched in May 2020 from PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The review included observational studies conducted with adolescents (10-19 years old), which estimated the association of breakfast skipping with at least one outcome (markers of body adiposity, blood pressure, serum lipid and glucose levels). Regarding the risk of bias, the articles were evaluated using the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank on bias risk and accuracy of observational studies. The quality of the evidence was assessed by the Grade rating. RESULTS A total of 43 articles involving 192,262 participants met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. The prevalence of breakfast skipping ranged from 0.7% to 94% and 60.5% of studies were classified with low risk of bias. The significant association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors was found in twenty-nine cross-sectional articles (n = 106,031) and four longitudinal articles (n = 5,162) for excess adiposity, in three articles (n = 8,511) for high total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, and in three studies (n = 6,303) for high blood pressure levels. However, there was no significant association between breakfast skipping and glycemic profile. According to the Grade rating, all the associations had low quality of evidence. CONCLUSION The results of this review suggest that breakfast skipping is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. However, considering the low quality of the evidence, the present results should be interpreted carefully. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of standardizing the definition of breakfast skipping and that more prospective studies are needed to determine how skipping breakfast can affect cardiometabolic risk factors in the long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielly Rodrigues Souza
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Morgana Egle Alves Neves
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Bartira Mendes Gorgulho
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Amanda Moura Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Bioestatística. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Simone Nogueira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Márcia Gonçalves Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Paulo Rogério Melo Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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Masocha V, Monyeki MA, Czyż SH. Longitudinal relationships between changes in body composition and changes in selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and blood pressure) among South African adolescents. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9331. [PMID: 32612883 PMCID: PMC7319020 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of childhood high blood pressure (BP) is increasing worldwide. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between changes in body composition (i.e. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage body fat) and selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and BP) among adolescents from the Tlokwe municipality in the North West Province of South Africa. METHOD One hundred and eight-six adolescents (81 boys and 105 girls) aged 14 to 16 years participated in the study. Body composition was measured following the International Society of the Advancement of Kinanthropometry standard procedures. BMI, abdominal obesity using WC measurement, and resting BP were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was calculated to determine changes in anthropometric measures and body composition as well as changes in BP. Additionally, Univariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and participants as a random sample was applied. Diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) were used as dependent variables and sex, age, BMI, WC, and waist-to-height ratio as independent variables. RESULTS Significant changes were found for stature, BMI, body mass, WC, SBP, and DBP. BMI for the total group was significant and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 (r = 0.55; p < 0.01) and in 2013 (r = 0.77; p < 0.01) and to SBP (r = 0.26; p < 0.05) in 2012 and (r = 0.17; p = 0.43) in 2013. BMI among the boys was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 (r = 0.83; p < 0.01) and 2013 (r = 0.91; p < 0.01). For the girls, BMI was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity (r = 0.49; p < 0.01) and to SBP (r = 0.32; p = 0.05) in 2012. Boys with a higher WC in 2012 had significantly increased DBP (p < 0.05). Boys measured in 2012 with greater WC and BMI show a significant increase in SBP. CONCLUSIONS BMI was positively related to BP and abdominal obesity over time. Relatively high BMI and abdominal obesity significantly increased the likelihood of elevated BP over time, especially in boys. BMI was a predictor of abdominal obesity in boys, while in girls, BMI was a predictor of both abdominal obesity and SBP. In view of the future health implications of both abdominal obesity and elevated BP, urgent strategic interventions programs aimed at increasing physical activity and advocating for well-balanced dietary practices as well as importance of keeping normal blood pressure among South African adolescents are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Masocha
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Group, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Makama Andries Monyeki
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Group, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Stanisław H. Czyż
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Group, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Faculty of Physical Education, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
- Faculty of Sport Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Nonboonyawat T, Pusanasuwannasri W, Chanrat N, Wongthanavimok N, Tubngern D, Panutrakul P, Mungthin M, Nivesvivat T, Hatthachote P, Rangsin R, Piyaraj P. Prevalence and associates of obesity and overweight among school-age children in a rural community of Thailand. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2019; 62:179-186. [PMID: 30744316 PMCID: PMC6528063 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.06499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Information about overweight and obesity among students in rural areas of Thailand is limited. Therefore, we aimed to determine overweight and obesity prevalences and associated factors among school-aged children in a rural community of Thailand. Methods We selected 9 public schools through cluster sampling in 2 provinces located in central Thailand in 2016. Anthropometric measurements were measured using standard techniques, classified as overweight (>1 standard deviation [SD]) and obese (>2 SD) with respect to their age and sex using 2007 World Health Organization reference charts. Standardized questionnaires on risk factors were sent to parents to be completed together with their child. Results Among 1,749 students, 8.98% had overweight and 7.26% had obesity. Mean age (range) was 11.5 years (5–18 years). Independent factors associated with overweight and obesity included primary school student (reference as secondary school) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–4.08; P=0.07), mother’s body mass index (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02–1.12; P=0.001), self-employed father (aOR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.12–3.55; P=0.018), number of siblings (aOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47–0.81; P=0.001), having sibling(s) with obesity (aOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.20–2.77; P=0.005), more than one (aOR, 7.16; 95% CI, 2.40–21.32; P<0.001), consuming 2–3 ladles of rice/meal (aOR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.38–3.32; P=0.001), consuming >3 ladles of rice/meal (aOR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.11–6.46; P= 0.27), watching <2 hours of television/day (aOR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.19–4.01; P=0.012), and watching >2 hours of television/day (aOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.36–4.96; P=0.004). Conclusion Many sociodemographic, dietary, and behavioral factors were related to overweight and obesity among school-aged children not only in urban but also rural communities of Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nattanon Chanrat
- 5th Year Medical Cadet, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Danutanut Tubngern
- 5th Year Medical Cadet, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Panadda Hatthachote
- Department of Physiology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ram Rangsin
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phunlerd Piyaraj
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
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[Evaluation, correction and impact of non-response in studies of childhood obesity]. GACETA SANITARIA 2017; 32:327-332. [PMID: 28958571 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and correct the impact of non-response in the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children aged 6 to 15 years old using silhouette scales. METHOD Cross-sectional study carried out in 2013 among 8,145 Galician schoolchildren aged 6-15 years old. The students who agreed to participate were weighed and measured and, based on body mass index, the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity was estimated. Teachers rated all students using silhouette scales. The valuations were used to estimate the prevalence corrected by non-response. Using the Bayes theorem, participation rates were estimated according to weight status. RESULTS The participation rate was 92.3% in the 6 -to 11-year-old group, and 90% in the 12- to 15-year old age group. In both groups, the prevalence of underweight and overweight were similar between participants and non-participants. However, obesity was higher among non-participants, especially at 12 to 15 years of age (6.3% vs. 12.2% ; p < 0.05). The prevalence did not change when corrected by the teacher's valuation. The participation rate of obese students was lower than the overall rate (82% vs. 90% at 12 to 15 years old; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The presence of participation bias, which was greater at 12-15 years old, was confirmed. However, the impact of the bias on prevalence was negligible due to the high participation rate. In obesity studies with objective measures, it is essential to quantify non-participation, as well as to assess its impact and correct it.
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Mwaikambo SA, Leyna GH, Killewo J, Simba A, Puoane T. Why are primary school children overweight and obese? A cross sectional study undertaken in Kinondoni district, Dar-es-salaam. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1269. [PMID: 26689586 PMCID: PMC4687066 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The world is experiencing an alarming increase in prevalence of childhood obesity. Despite this trend little is known about determinants of childhood obesity in Tanzania. A cross sectional study determined the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in 1722 children aged 7–14 years (10.9 ± 1.74) attending primary schools in Dar es Salaam. Methods Six public and four private schools were systemically selected from a total of 227 primary schools. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were collected using a standard protocol and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Interviews collected demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. Multiple logistic regression test was used to assess the influence of independent variables on overweight and obesity while controlling for confounding factors. The level of significance was set at α = 5 %. Results Of 1, 722 children 10.2 % were overweight and 4.5 % were obese. Overweight and obesity was higher in boys (14.9 %) than girls (14.5 %), higher in children attending private schools (27.7 %) than public schools (5.9 %). Children who walked to and from school were less likely to be overweight or obese than those who used vehicles (AOR = 0.5; 95%CI: 0.3–0.6; p < 0.001). Those who used private cars or school buses were more likely to be overweight or obese than those who used public transport (AOR = 2.9; 95%CI: 0.2–0.7; p < 0.05). Computer/video game use were associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity (AOR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1–2.3; p = 0.03). Lunch provided by schools was associated with increased risk of overweight or obese (AOR = 6.4, 95 % CI = 4.2–9.6, p < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of this study identified a number of behavioural and dietary factors that are related to overweight and obesity. Parents and teachers should encourage children to be physically active by limiting screen time and promoting active transport to and from school to promote health and reduce obesity. Ministry of education needs to formulate/enforce policies that encourage physical activities for school children and regulate quality of foods provided to children at schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijenunu A Mwaikambo
- Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
| | - Germana H Leyna
- School of Public Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
| | - Japhet Killewo
- School of Public Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Azma Simba
- Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Thandi Puoane
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Hunsberger M, Mehlig K, Börnhorst C, Hebestreit A, Moreno L, Veidebaum T, Kourides Y, Siani A, Molnar D, Sioen I, Lissner L. Dietary Carbohydrate and Nocturnal Sleep Duration in Relation to Children's BMI: Findings from the IDEFICS Study in Eight European Countries. Nutrients 2015; 7:10223-36. [PMID: 26670249 PMCID: PMC4690081 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has found an association between being overweight and short sleep duration. We hypothesized that this association could be modified by a high carbohydrate (HC) diet and that the timing and type (starch or sugar) of intake may be an important factor in this context. Participants in the prospective, eight-country European study IDEFICS were recruited from September 2007 to June 2008, when they were aged two to nine years. Data on lifestyle, dietary intake and anthropometry were collected on two occasions. This study included 5944 children at baseline and 4301 at two-year follow-up. For each meal occasion (morning, midday, and evening), starch in grams and sugar in grams were divided by total energy intake (EI), and quartiles calculated. HC-starch and HC-sugar intake categories were defined as the highest quartile for each meal occasion. In a mutually adjusted linear regression model, short sleep duration as well as HC-starch in the morning were positively associated with body mass index (BMI) z-scores at baseline. HC-starch at midday was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) z-scores in children with short sleep duration, and negatively associated with BMI z-scores in those with normal sleep. After adjustment for baseline BMI z-scores, associations between total HC from starch or sugar and high BMI z-scores at two-year follow-up did not persist. Our observations offer a perspective on optimal timing for macronutrient consumption, which is known to be influenced by circadian rhythms. Reduced carbohydrate intake, especially during morning and midday meals, and following nocturnal sleep duration recommendations are two modifiable factors that may protect children from being overweight in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Hunsberger
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 453, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kirsten Mehlig
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 453, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS GmbH, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS GmbH, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Luis Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development (GENUD) research group, University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, P.O. Box 3012, 10504 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Yiannis Kourides
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, 138 Limassol Ave, #205, 2015, Strovolos 510903, Cyprus.
| | - Alfonso Siani
- Institute for Food Sciences, Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Dénes Molnar
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Jozsef A.u., 7 H-1062 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, 4K3, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Research Foundation-Flanders, Egmonstraat 5, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 453, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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BORIČIĆ K, SIMIĆ S, VASILJEVIĆ N, MARINKOVIĆ J. Risk Factors Associated with Overweight among Adolescents in Serbia. Zdr Varst 2014; 53:283-93. [PMID: 27669514 PMCID: PMC4820196 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2014-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pandemic of obesity in adolescents is one of the challenges of public health. AIM The aim of this study was to examine the association of overweight with demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors among Serbian adolescents. METHOD A cross-sectional study of 2139 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years was carried out. Data used in this study were from the 2006 Health Survey. In accordance with the international sex- and age-specific Body Mass Index cut-off points, all participants were classified as being normal weight or overweight, including obese. The association between the risk factors and overweight were examined using a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS The study showed that 28.9% of boys and 17.0% of girls were overweight, while 14.5% of boys and 8.1% of girls were obese. Boys were more likely to be overweight/obese, compared with girls. Being younger (p< 0.01 for 14 to 15 years) and (p< 0.01, for 16 to 19 years), engaging in physical activities that last less than 7 hours a week, in such a manner that they breathe quickly and become sweaty, (p< 0.01) and skipping breakfast (p< 0.05) were risk factors significantly associated with overweight among adolescents. No significant association was found with wealth index. CONCLUSION These findings should be an integral part of further preventive interventions, especially oriented towards younger adolescents, who are physically inactive, have a habit of skipping breakfast and are boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina BORIČIĆ
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut”, Department for Health Promotion for Special Groups, Dr Subotic Street 5, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana SIMIĆ
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nađa VASILJEVIĆ
- Dietetic Unit, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena MARINKOVIĆ
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Posso M, Brugulat-Guiteras P, Puig T, Mompart-Penina A, Medina-Bustos A, Alcañiz M, Guillén M, Tresserras-Gaju R. Prevalencia y condicionantes de la obesidad en la población infantojuvenil de Cataluña, 2006-2012. Med Clin (Barc) 2014; 143:475-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Córdoba Caro LG, Luengo Pérez LM, García Preciado V. Análisis de los conocimientos sobre el desayuno saludable y su relación con los hábitos de estilo de vida y el rendimiento académico en la enseñanza secundaria obligatoria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 61:242-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents: a systematic review. ISRN OBESITY 2013; 2013:392747. [PMID: 24555142 PMCID: PMC3901970 DOI: 10.1155/2013/392747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To review the extant literature on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents (10-19 years old) of both sexes. Design. The search was carried out using Medline and Scopus considering articles published from the establishment of the databanks until June 7, 2012. Data on the prevalence of children being overweight and obese from the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) website was also reviewed. Only original articles and one National Health Report were considered. Forty studies met the inclusion criteria. Results. Twenty-five of these studies were nationally representative, and ten countries were represented only by regional data. Conclusions. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents worldwide is high, and obesity is higher among boys. The IOTF criterion is the most frequently used method to classify adolescents as overweighed or obese in public health research.
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Rajmil L, López-Aguilá S, Mompart-Penina A. [Health-related quality of life and factors associated with overweight and obesity in the pediatric population of Catalonia, Spain]. Med Clin (Barc) 2012; 137 Suppl 2:37-41. [PMID: 22310362 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(11)70027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to describe the health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and to analyze the associated factors to overweight/obesity in a representative sample of the Catalan population 0-14 years old. Proxyrespondents answered the child's questionnaire of the Encuesta de Salud de Cataluna (ESCA) 2006 (n = 2.200). Variables analyzed were weight and height, the KIDSCREEN-10 HRQOL questionnaire, and also scales on risky behaviors, physical activity, frequency of fast food consumption, and number of hours of television viewing. Logistic regression models were adjusted. In 31% of children HRQOL was excellent/very good. Risky behaviors and restriction of activity were the associated factors to the best and the worst HRQOL. Maternal level of education and some habits and behaviors were associated to overweight/obesity. The ESCA contributes with useful information to monitor and to assess interventions addressed to the children population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rajmil
- Agència d'Informació, Avaluació i Qualitat en Salut, Barcelona, España.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose and apply an instrument to assess the breakfast quality of children and adolescents in the Mediterranean area. DESIGN Randomized, cross-sectional survey of breakfast consumption using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ administered at school by trained dietitians between Tuesday and Friday. A Breakfast Quality Index (BQI) score was developed, assigning a positive value to the consumption of cereals, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, MUFA, Ca and compliance with energy recommendations, and to the absence of SFA and trans-rich fats. Data were analysed by Student's t test and ANOVA. SETTING Schools in Granada and Balearic Islands (Spain). SUBJECTS All schoolchildren (n 4332) aged 8-17 years at randomly selected and representative schools between 2006 and 2008, stratified by age and sex. RESULTS Breakfast was not consumed by 6·5 % of participants. BQI score was highest for children aged 7-9 years and decreased with age (P = 0·001). Females scored higher in all age groups. The lowest score was in males aged 14-17 years and the highest in females aged 7-9 years (P = 0·006). CONCLUSIONS The proposed BQI appears useful to estimate the breakfast quality of schoolchildren and to form a basis for nutrition education.
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Duncan S, Duncan EK, Fernandes RA, Buonani C, Bastos KDN, Segatto AFM, Codogno JS, Gomes IC, Freitas IF. Modifiable risk factors for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:585. [PMID: 21781313 PMCID: PMC3154175 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brazil is currently experiencing a nutrition transition: the displacement of traditional diets with foods high in saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol and an increase in sedentary lifestyles. Despite these trends, our understanding of child obesity in Brazil is limited. Thus, the aims of this study were (1) to investigate the current prevalence of overweight and obesity in a large sample of children and adolescents living in São Paulo, Brazil, and (2) to identify the lifestyle behaviors associated with an increased risk of obesity in young Brazilians. Methods A total of 3,397 children and adolescents (1,596 male) aged 7-18 years were randomly selected from 22 schools in São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were classified as normal weight, overweight, or obese based on international age- and sex-specific body mass index thresholds. Selected sociodemographic, physical activity, and nutrition behaviors were assessed via questionnaire. Results Overall, 19.4% of boys and 16.1% of girls were overweight while 8.9% and 4.3% were obese. Two-way analysis of variance revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in boys and in younger children when compared to girls and older children, respectively (P < 0.05 for both). Logistic regression analysis revealed that overweight was associated with more computer usage, parental encouragement to be active, and light soft drink consumption after controlling for differences in sex, age, and parental education (P < 0.05 for all). Conversely, overweight was associated with less active transport to school, eating before sleep, and consumption of breakfast, full-sugar soft drinks, fried food and confectionery (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions Our results show that obesity in São Paulo children and adolescents has reached a level equivalent to that seen in many developed countries. We have also identified three key modifiable factors related to obesity that may be appropriate targets for future intervention in Brazilian youth: transport mode to school, computer usage, and breakfast consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Duncan
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Sandercock GRH, Voss C, Dye L. Associations between habitual school-day breakfast consumption, body mass index, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in English schoolchildren. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:1086-92. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Alvero-Cruz JR, Álvarez Carnero E, Fernández-García JC, Barrera Expósito J, Carrillo de Albornoz Gil M, Sardinha LB. Validez de los índices de masa corporal y de masa grasa como indicadores de sobrepeso en adolescentes españoles: estudio Esccola. Med Clin (Barc) 2010; 135:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vázquez FL, Díaz O, Pomar C. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among preadolescent schoolchildren in Galicia, Spain. Child Care Health Dev 2010; 36:392-5. [PMID: 20507331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is rising rapidly in many countries. Preadolescents appear to be at particularly high risk. This study estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity in preadolescent schoolchildren in Galicia, Spain. METHODS The heights and weights of a random sample of 2305 Galician schoolchildren aged 10-12 years were measured using calibrated standardized scales and measures. Overweight and obesity were identified using the criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. RESULTS The prevalences of obesity and overweight were respectively 9.2% and 31.0% among boys, 8.6% and 28.8% among girls and 8.9% and 29.9% overall. Taking boys and girls together, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity fell significantly with increasing age. Overweight was more prevalent in rural than urban areas (30.7% vs. 28.4%), as also was obesity (9.8% vs. 7.2%). CONCLUSIONS Our study evidences the emergence of the obesity epidemic among preadolescents in Galicia, especially in rural areas. Both overweight and obesity in this age group are more prevalent in Galicia than in other areas of Spain or most other Western nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Vázquez
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the literature concerning the relationship between meal patterns and childhood obesity. Literature searches of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were performed in October 2009 for studies published in the last 18-24 months. RECENT FINDINGS Available data indicate that not only meal composition but also some components that form a specific meal pattern can promote childhood obesity. Reducing meal and snack frequency, especially breakfast skipping, seem to be such components. On the contrary, limiting consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and snack foods (defined as high-fat, energy-dense foods) may be associated with a reduction in the risk of obesity. SUMMARY There is still much to be learned about specific aspects of the association between meal patterns and obesity. Although current knowledge does not allow one to draw any definitive conclusions, it provides a solid basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Patro
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Szajewska H, Ruszczynski M. Systematic review demonstrating that breakfast consumption influences body weight outcomes in children and adolescents in Europe. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2010; 50:113-9. [PMID: 20112153 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903467514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Skipping breakfast is common among children and adolescents. However, there is uncertainty regarding whether breakfast consumption contributes to or protects against overweight or obesity. We aimed to review the evidence on the effects of breakfast consumption on body weight outcomes in children and adolescents in Europe. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched in January 2009. We identified 16 studies. All were cross-sectional or cohort trials involving more than 59,000 children/adolescents from Europe. Thirteen studies (n = 57,481) consistently showed that breakfast has a protective effect against becoming overweight or obese. One trial (n = 886) showed that this effect was significant only for boys. The effect of eating breakfast on the body mass index (BMI) was analyzed in 4 studies (n = 2897). All of these studies showed an increase in BMI in breakfast skippers. In one study (n = 1245), this effect was significant only for boys. The results of this analysis suggest that eating breakfast is associated with a reduced risk of becoming overweight or obese and a reduction in the BMI in children and adolescents in Europe. However, almost all of the data in this review were gathered from observational studies, thus, causality should not be assumed based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hania Szajewska
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveValid and simple instruments to assess physical activity (PA) in specific populations are required for health-related research. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of the Bouchard activity diary (AD) in Spanish adolescents using an activity monitor to compare total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) obtained by both instruments.DesignSixty-one Spanish adolescents, aged 12–16 years, completed the Bouchard AD and wore the ActiGraph activity monitor for three consecutive days. Validity was assessed with the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ), the Bland–Altman method and the κ coefficient.ResultsThirty-seven adolescents were included in the final analysis. Correlations between the activity monitor and the AD administered over the three days (Thursday–Saturday) were moderate (ρ = 0·33–0·35, P < 0·05) or non-significant for total PA and moderate (ρ = 0·36, P < 0·05) for MVPA. Correlations between the two methods were progressively lower for each subsequent day of testing, for both total PA and MVPA. The Bland–Altman plot illustrated that the Bouchard AD overestimated MVPA (mean difference −32·05 (sd 74·56) min; 95 % limits of agreement 109·61, −173·31 min). Agreements for classification into MVPA tertiles and accordance with the international recommendations of MVPA were fair and moderate, respectively, for the 3 d means.ConclusionsThe Bouchard AD has reasonable validity to assess total PA and MVPA in Spanish adolescents. The results show lower levels of agreement on the third day but it is not clear if this is due to design features (weekday v. weekend) or to participant compliance with the survey or the activity monitoring protocol.
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