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Kynkäänniemi E, Lindén J, Ngambundit S, Saarimäki LA, Greco D, Slaba H, Lahtinen MH, Mikkonen KS, Pajari AM. Polyphenol- and Glucuronoxylan-Rich Fiber Extract from Birch ( Betula sp.) Wood Regulates Colonic Barrier Function and Cell Proliferation in Healthy Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3495-3505. [PMID: 38343302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Birch wood-derived fiber extracts containing glucuronoxylans (GX) and polyphenols show potential for various food technological applications. This study investigated the effect of two extracts, GXpoly and pureGX, differing in lignin content on colonic barrier function. Healthy rats were fed diets containing 10% GXpoly, pureGX, or cellulose for 4 weeks. Colon crypt depth was lower in the GX groups than in the control group, but in the proximal colon, the result was significant only in GXpoly. An artificial intelligence approach was established to measure the mucus content and goblet cells. In the distal colon, their amounts were higher in the control group than in the GX groups. All diets had a similar effect on the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-7. GXpoly enhanced the fecal IgA production. Our results suggest that GX-rich extracts could support the colonic barrier and work as functional food ingredients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kynkäänniemi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere Lindén
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology (FCLAP), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suchaya Ngambundit
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura A Saarimäki
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hana Slaba
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit H Lahtinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Deng Y, Yang X, Hua H, Zhang C. IGFBP5 is Upregulated and Associated with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6485-6497. [PMID: 35966504 PMCID: PMC9365118 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s370576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the role of IGFBP5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the relationship between the expression of IGFBP5 and clinicopathological parameters in CRC patients. Patients and Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression of IGFBP5 and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters of CRC patients. Prognosis analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and protein interaction network analysis were performed using bioinformatics analysis. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) dataset was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of IGFBP5 and drug resistance. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of IGFBP5 was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in para-cancerous tissues (P < 0.05). High expression of IGFBP5 was associated with tumor differentiation and the N stage of CRC (P < 0.05). Moreover, high expression of IGFBP5 predicted worse overall survival and disease-free survival in CRC patients (P < 0.05). The expression of IGFBP5 was associated with cell–matrix adhesion, extracellular matrix binding, and collagen binding (P < 0.05). Furthermore, IGFBP5 was involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (P < 0.05). IGF1, IGF2, SPP1, LTBP1, and FAM20C were most closely related to IGFBP5. Conclusion The expression of IGFBP5 is upregulated and associated with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, drug resistance, and prognosis in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhong Hua
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yang Z, Jiang S, Lu C, Ji T, Yang W, Li T, Lv J, Hu W, Yang Y, Jin Z. SOX11: friend or foe in tumor prevention and carcinogenesis? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919853449. [PMID: 31210798 PMCID: PMC6547177 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919853449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility-group box transcription factor 11
(SOX11) is an essential member of the SOX transcription factors and has been
highlighted as an important regulator in embryogenesis. SOX11 studies have only
recently shifted focus from its role in embryogenesis and development to its
function in disease. In particular, the role of SOX11 in carcinogenesis has
become of major interest in the field. SOX11 expression is elevated in a wide
variety of tumors. In many cancers, dysfunctional expression of SOX11 has been
correlated with increased cancer cell survival, inhibited cell differentiation,
and tumor progression through the induction of metastasis and angiogenesis.
Nevertheless, in a limited number of malignancies, SOX11 has also been
identified to function as a tumor suppressor. Herein, we review the correlation
between the expression of SOX11 and tumor behaviors. We also summarize the
mechanisms underlying the regulation of SOX11 expression and activity in
pathological conditions. In particular, we focus on the pathological processes
of cancer targeted by SOX11 and discuss whether SOX11 is protective or
detrimental during tumor progression. Moreover, SOX11 is highlighted as a
clinical biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of various human cancer. The
information reviewed here should assist in future experimental designs and
emphasize the potential of SOX11 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Ji
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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4
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Itoh S, Itoh F. TMEPAI family: involvement in regulation of multiple signalling pathways. J Biochem 2018; 164:195-204. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Itoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Itoh
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Hankey W, McIlhatton MA, Ebede K, Kennedy B, Hancioglu B, Zhang J, Brock GN, Huang K, Groden J. Mutational Mechanisms That Activate Wnt Signaling and Predict Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancer Res 2017; 78:617-630. [PMID: 29212857 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
APC biallelic loss-of-function mutations are the most prevalent genetic changes in colorectal tumors, but it is unknown whether these mutations phenocopy gain-of-function mutations in the CTNNB1 gene encoding β-catenin that also activate canonical WNT signaling. Here we demonstrate that these two mutational mechanisms are not equivalent. Furthermore, we show how differences in gene expression produced by these different mechanisms can stratify outcomes in more advanced human colorectal cancers. Gene expression profiling in Apc-mutant and Ctnnb1-mutant mouse colon adenomas identified candidate genes for subsequent evaluation of human TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data for colorectal cancer outcomes. Transcriptional patterns exhibited evidence of activated canonical Wnt signaling in both types of adenomas, with Apc-mutant adenomas also exhibiting unique changes in pathways related to proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, and apoptosis. Apc-mutant adenomas were characterized by increased expression of the glial nexin Serpine2, the human ortholog, which was increased in advanced human colorectal tumors. Our results support the hypothesis that APC-mutant colorectal tumors are transcriptionally distinct from APC-wild-type colorectal tumors with canonical WNT signaling activated by other mechanisms, with possible implications for stratification and prognosis.Significance: These findings suggest that colon adenomas driven by APC mutations are distinct from those driven by WNT gain-of-function mutations, with implications for identifying at-risk patients with advanced disease based on gene expression patterns. Cancer Res; 78(3); 617-30. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hankey
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael A McIlhatton
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kenechi Ebede
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Baris Hancioglu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Guy N Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joanna Groden
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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6
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Tian A, Benchabane H, Wang Z, Zimmerman C, Xin N, Perochon J, Kalna G, Sansom OJ, Cheng C, Cordero JB, Ahmed Y. Intestinal stem cell overproliferation resulting from inactivation of the APC tumor suppressor requires the transcription cofactors Earthbound and Erect wing. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006870. [PMID: 28708826 PMCID: PMC5510812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction directs intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation during homeostasis. Hyperactivation of Wnt signaling initiates colorectal cancer, which most frequently results from truncation of the tumor suppressor Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). The β-catenin-TCF transcription complex activates both the physiological expression of Wnt target genes in the normal intestinal epithelium and their aberrantly increased expression in colorectal tumors. Whether mechanistic differences in the Wnt transcription machinery drive these distinct levels of target gene activation in physiological versus pathological states remains uncertain, but is relevant for the design of new therapeutic strategies. Here, using a Drosophila model, we demonstrate that two evolutionarily conserved transcription cofactors, Earthbound (Ebd) and Erect wing (Ewg), are essential for all major consequences of Apc1 inactivation in the intestine: the hyperactivation of Wnt target gene expression, excess number of ISCs, and hyperplasia of the epithelium. In contrast, only Ebd, but not Ewg, mediates the Wnt-dependent regulation of ISC proliferation during homeostasis. Therefore, in the adult intestine, Ebd acts independently of Ewg in physiological Wnt signaling, but cooperates with Ewg to induce the hyperactivation of Wnt target gene expression following Apc1 loss. These findings have relevance for human tumorigenesis, as Jerky (JRK/JH8), the human Ebd homolog, promotes Wnt pathway hyperactivation and is overexpressed in colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancers. Together, our findings reveal distinct requirements for Ebd and Ewg in physiological Wnt pathway activation versus oncogenic Wnt pathway hyperactivation following Apc1 loss. Such differentially utilized transcription cofactors may offer new opportunities for the selective targeting of Wnt-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tian
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Hassina Benchabane
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Zhenghan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Chloe Zimmerman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Nan Xin
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Jessica Perochon
- Wolfson Wohl Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Julia B. Cordero
- Wolfson Wohl Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yashi Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
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7
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Fu L, Shi YB. The Sox transcriptional factors: Functions during intestinal development in vertebrates. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:58-67. [PMID: 27567710 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The intestine has long been studied as a model for adult stem cells due to the life-long self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium through the proliferation of the adult intestinal stem cells. Recent evidence suggests that the formation of adult intestinal stem cells in mammals takes place during the thyroid hormone-dependent neonatal period, also known as postembryonic development, which resembles intestinal remodeling during frog metamorphosis. Studies on the metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis have revealed that many members of the Sox family, a large family of DNA binding transcription factors, are upregulated in the intestinal epithelium during the formation and/or proliferation of the intestinal stem cells. Similarly, a number of Sox genes have been implicated in intestinal development and pathogenesis in mammals. Futures studies are needed to determine the expression and potential involvement of this important gene family in the development of the adult intestinal stem cells. These include the analyses of the expression and regulation of these and other Sox genes during postembryonic development in mammals as well as functional investigations in both mammals and amphibians by using the recently developed gene knockout technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liezhen Fu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 18 Library Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 18 Library Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
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8
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Ravindranath AJ, Cadigan KM. The Role of the C-Clamp in Wnt-Related Colorectal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8080074. [PMID: 27527215 PMCID: PMC4999783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8080074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell Factor/Lymphoid Enhancer Factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors are major regulators of Wnt targets, and the products of the TCF7 and TCF7L2 genes have both been implicated in the progression of colorectal cancer in animal models and humans. TCFs recognize specific DNA sequences through their high mobility group (HMG) domains, but invertebrate TCFs and some isoforms of vertebrate TCF7 and TCF7L2 contain a second DNA binding domain known as the C-clamp. This review will cover the basic properties of C-clamps and their importance in Wnt signaling, using data from Drosophila, C. elegans, and mammalian cell culture. The connection between C-clamp containing TCFs and colorectal cancer will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi J Ravindranath
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ken M Cadigan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is best known for its crucial role in colorectal cancer suppression. Rodent models with various Apc mutations have enabled experimental validation of different Apc functions in tumors and normal tissues. Since the development of the first mouse model with a germline Apc mutation in the early 1990s, 20 other Apc mouse and rat models have been generated. This article compares and contrasts currently available Apc rodent models with particular emphasis on providing potential explanations for their reported variation in three areas: (i) intestinal polyp multiplicity, (ii) intestinal polyp distribution, and (iii) extraintestinal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Zeineldin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Ave. Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - Kristi L. Neufeld
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Ave. Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
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10
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Abstract
One of the difficulties in using gene expression profiles to predict cancer is how to effectively select a few informative genes to construct accurate prediction models from thousands or ten thousands of genes. We screen highly discriminative genes and gene pairs to create simple prediction models involved in single genes or gene pairs on the basis of soft computing approach and rough set theory. Accurate cancerous prediction is obtained when we apply the simple prediction models for four cancerous gene expression datasets: CNS tumor, colon tumor, lung cancer and DLBCL. Some genes closely correlated with the pathogenesis of specific or general cancers are identified. In contrast with other models, our models are simple, effective and robust. Meanwhile, our models are interpretable for they are based on decision rules. Our results demonstrate that very simple models may perform well on cancerous molecular prediction and important gene markers of cancer can be detected if the gene selection approach is chosen reasonably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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11
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Boylan KLM, Gosse MA, Staggs SE, Janz S, Grindle S, Kansas GS, Van Ness BG. A Transgenic Mouse Model of Plasma Cell Malignancy Shows Phenotypic, Cytogenetic, and Gene Expression Heterogeneity Similar to Human Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2007; 67:4069-78. [PMID: 17483317 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma cell malignancy for which existing animal models are limited. We have previously shown that the targeted expression of the transgenes c-Myc and Bcl-X(L) in murine plasma cells produces malignancy that displays features of human myeloma, such as localization of tumor cells to the bone marrow and lytic bone lesions. We have isolated and characterized in vitro cultures and adoptive transfers of tumors from Bcl-xl/Myc transgenic mice. Tumors have a plasmablastic morphology and variable expression of CD138, CD45, CD38, and CD19. Spectral karyotyping analysis of metaphase chromosomes from primary tumor cell cultures shows that the Bcl-xl/Myc tumors contain a variety of chromosomal abnormalities, including trisomies, translocations, and deletions. The most frequently aberrant chromosomes are 12 and 16. Three sites for recurring translocations were also identified on chromosomes 4D, 12F, and 16C. Gene expression profiling was used to identify differences in gene expression between tumor cells and normal plasma cells (NPC) and to cluster the tumors into two groups (tumor groups C and D), with distinct gene expression profiles. Four hundred and ninety-five genes were significantly different between both tumor groups and NPCs, whereas 124 genes were uniquely different from NPCs in tumor group C and 204 genes were uniquely different from NPCs in tumor group D. Similar to human myeloma, the cyclin D genes are differentially dysregulated in the mouse tumor groups. These data suggest the Bcl-xl/Myc tumors are similar to a subset of plasmablastic human myelomas and provide insight into the specific genes and pathways underlying the human disease.
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12
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Liu P, Ramachandran S, Ali Seyed M, Scharer CD, Laycock N, Dalton WB, Williams H, Karanam S, Datta MW, Jaye DL, Moreno CS. Sex-determining region Y box 4 is a transforming oncogene in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66:4011-9. [PMID: 16618720 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous neoplasm and second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in western men. To investigate the mechanisms of prostate cancer development and progression, we did expression profiling of human prostate cancer and benign tissues. We show that the SOX4 is overexpressed in prostate tumor samples compared with benign tissues by microarray analysis, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. We also show that SOX4 expression is highly correlated with Gleason score at the mRNA and protein level using tissue microarrays. Genes affected by SOX4 expression were also identified, including BCL10, CSF1, and NcoA4/ARA70. TLE-1 and BBC3/PUMA were identified as direct targets of SOX4. Silencing of SOX4 by small interfering RNA transfection induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cells, suggesting that SOX4 could be a therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Stable transfection of SOX4 into nontransformed prostate cells enabled colony formation in soft agar, suggesting that, in the proper cellular context, SOX4 can be a transforming oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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13
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Harper J, Burns JL, Foulstone EJ, Pignatelli M, Zaina S, Hassan AB. Soluble IGF2 receptor rescues Apc(Min/+) intestinal adenoma progression induced by Igf2 loss of imprinting. Cancer Res 2006; 66:1940-8. [PMID: 16488992 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potent growth-promoting activity of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is highly regulated during development but frequently up-regulated in tumors. Increased expression of the normally monoallelic (paternally expressed) mouse (Igf2) and human (IGF2) genes modify progression of intestinal adenoma in the Apc(Min/+) mouse and correlate with a high relative risk of human colorectal cancer susceptibility, respectively. We examined the functional consequence of Igf2 allelic dosage (null, monoallelic, and biallelic) on intestinal adenoma development in the Apc(Min/+) by breeding with mice with either disruption of Igf2 paternal allele or H19 maternal allele and used these models to evaluate an IGF-II-specific therapeutic intervention. Increased allelic Igf2 expression led to elongation of intestinal crypts, increased adenoma growth independent of systemic growth, and increased adenoma nuclear beta-catenin staining. By introducing a transgene expressing a soluble form of the full-length IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor (sIGF2R) in the intestine, which acts as a specific inhibitor of IGF-II ligand bioavailability (ligand trap), we show rescue of the Igf2-dependent intestinal and adenoma phenotype. This evidence shows the functional potency of allelic dosage of an epigenetically regulated gene in cancer and supports the application of an IGF-II ligand-specific therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Harper
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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14
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Andreu P, Colnot S, Godard C, Laurent-Puig P, Lamarque D, Kahn A, Perret C, Romagnolo B. Identification of the IFITM family as a new molecular marker in human colorectal tumors. Cancer Res 2006; 66:1949-55. [PMID: 16488993 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the expression profiles of intestinal adenomas from a new murine familial adenomatous polyposis model (Apc(delta14/+)) using suppression subtractive hybridization to identify novel diagnostic markers of colorectal carcinogenesis. We identified 18 candidate genes having increased expression levels in the adenoma. Subsequent Northern blotting, real-time reverse transcription-PCR, and in situ hybridization analysis confirmed their induction in beta-catenin-activated epithelial cells of murine adenomas. We showed that most of the genes also have altered expression levels in human colonic adenomas and carcinomas. We focused on the IFITM genes that encode IFN-inducible transmembrane proteins. Serial analyses of gene expression levels revealed high levels of expression in early and late intestinal neoplasm in both mice and humans. Using a conditional mouse model of Apc inactivation and a human colon carcinoma cell line, we showed that IFITM gene expression is rapidly induced after activation of the beta-catenin signaling. Using a large-scale analysis of human tumors, we showed that IFITM gene expression is significantly up-regulated specifically in colorectal tumors and thus may be a useful diagnostic tool in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Andreu
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U567, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris V, France
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