1
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Barrett J, Leysen S, Galmiche C, Al-Mossawi H, Bowness P, Edwards TE, Lawson AD. Chimeric antigens displaying GPR65 extracellular loops on a soluble scaffold enabled the discovery of antibodies, which recognized native receptor. Bioengineered 2024; 15:2299522. [PMID: 38184821 PMCID: PMC10773626 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2299522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
GPR65 is a proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptor associated with multiple immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, whose function is relatively poorly understood. With few reagents commercially available to probe the biology of receptor, generation of an anti-GPR65 monoclonal antibody was desired. Using soluble chimeric scaffolds, such as ApoE3, displaying the extracellular loops of GPR65, together with established phage display technology, native GPR65 loop-specific antibodies were identified. Phage-derived loop-binding antibodies recognized the wild-type native receptor to which they had not previously been exposed, generating confidence in the use of chimeric soluble proteins to act as efficient surrogates for membrane protein extracellular loop antigens. This technique provides promise for the rational design of chimeric antigens in facilitating the discovery of specific antibodies to GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Barrett
- UK Research Department, UCB Pharma, Slough, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Hussein Al-Mossawi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Suzuki H, Ohishi T, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Anti-HER2 Cancer-Specific mAb, H 2Mab-250-hG 1, Possesses Higher Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity than Trastuzumab. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8386. [PMID: 39125956 PMCID: PMC11313270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-specific monoclonal antibodies (CasMabs) that recognize cancer-specific antigens with in vivo antitumor efficacy are innovative therapeutic strategies for minimizing adverse effects. We previously established a cancer-specific anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) monoclonal antibody (mAb), H2Mab-250/H2CasMab-2. In flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, H2Mab-250 reacted with HER2-positive breast cancer cells but did not show reactivity to normal epithelial cells. In contrast, a clinically approved anti-HER2 mAb, trastuzumab, strongly recognizes both breast cancer and normal epithelial cells in flow cytometry. The human IgG1 version of H2Mab-250 (H2Mab-250-hG1) possesses compatible in vivo antitumor effects against breast cancer xenografts to trastuzumab despite the lower affinity and effector activation than trastuzumab in vitro. This study compared the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (CDC) between H2Mab-250-hG1 and trastuzumab. Both H2Mab-250-hG1 and trastuzumab showed ADCC activity against HER2-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary -K1 and breast cancer cell lines (BT-474 and SK-BR-3) in the presence of human natural killer cells. Some tendency was observed where trastuzumab showed a more significant ADCC effect compared to H2Mab-250-hG1. Importantly, H2Mab-250-hG1 exhibited superior CDC activity in these cells compared to trastuzumab. Similar results were obtained in the mouse IgG2a types of both H2Mab-250 and trastuzumab. These results suggest the different contributions of ADCC and CDC activities to the antitumor effects of H2Mab-250-hG1 and trastuzumab, and indicate a future direction for the clinical development of H2Mab-250-hG1 against HER2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (H.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan;
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Laboratory of Oncology, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (H.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (H.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (H.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.K.)
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3
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Kao MR, Ma TH, Chou HY, Chang SC, Cheng LC, Liao KS, Shie JJ, Harris PJ, Wong CH, Hsieh YSY. A Robust α-l-Fucosidase from Prevotella nigrescens for Glycoengineering Therapeutic Antibodies. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1515-1524. [PMID: 38912881 PMCID: PMC11267573 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Eliminating the core fucose from the N-glycans of the Fc antibody segment by pathway engineering or enzymatic methods has been shown to enhance the potency of therapeutic antibodies, especially in the context of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, there is a significant challenge due to the limited defucosylation efficiency of commercially available α-l-fucosidases. In this study, we report a unique α-l-fucosidase (PnfucA) from the bacterium Prevotella nigrescens that has a low sequence identity compared with all other known α-l-fucosidases and is highly reactive toward a core disaccharide substrate with fucose α(1,3)-, α (1,4)-and α(1,6)-linked to GlcNAc, and is less reactive toward the Fuc-α(1,2)-Gal on the terminal trisaccharide of the oligosaccharide Globo H (Bb3). The kinetic properties of the enzyme, such as its Km and kcat, were determined and the optimized expression of PnfucA gave a yield exceeding 30 mg/L. The recombinant enzyme retained its full activity even after being incubated for 6 h at 37 °C. Moreover, it retained 92 and 87% of its activity after freezing and freeze-drying treatments, respectively, for over 28 days. In a representative glycoengineering of adalimumab (Humira), PnfucA showed remarkable hydrolytic efficiency in cleaving the α(1,6)-linked core fucose from FucGlcNAc on the antibody with a quantitative yield. This enabled the seamless incorporation of biantennary sialylglycans by Endo-S2 D184 M in a one-pot fashion to yield adalimumab in a homogeneous afucosylated glycoform with an improved binding affinity toward Fcγ receptor IIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Rong Kao
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei
Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology
(KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Ma
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei
Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology
(KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Hsiang-Yu Chou
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei
Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chieh Chang
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology
(KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Lin-Chen Cheng
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei
Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jie Shie
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Philip J. Harris
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of
Auckland, Auckland Mail Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yves S. Y. Hsieh
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei
Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology
(KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
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4
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Skiba MA, Sterling SM, Rawson S, Zhang S, Xu H, Jiang H, Nemeth GR, Gilman MSA, Hurley JD, Shen P, Staus DP, Kim J, McMahon C, Lehtinen MK, Rockman HA, Barth P, Wingler LM, Kruse AC. Antibodies expand the scope of angiotensin receptor pharmacology. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01620-6. [PMID: 38744986 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key regulators of human physiology and are the targets of many small-molecule research compounds and therapeutic drugs. While most of these ligands bind to their target GPCR with high affinity, selectivity is often limited at the receptor, tissue and cellular levels. Antibodies have the potential to address these limitations but their properties as GPCR ligands remain poorly characterized. Here, using protein engineering, pharmacological assays and structural studies, we develop maternally selective heavy-chain-only antibody ('nanobody') antagonists against the angiotensin II type I receptor and uncover the unusual molecular basis of their receptor antagonism. We further show that our nanobodies can simultaneously bind to angiotensin II type I receptor with specific small-molecule antagonists and demonstrate that ligand selectivity can be readily tuned. Our work illustrates that antibody fragments can exhibit rich and evolvable pharmacology, attesting to their potential as next-generation GPCR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Skiba
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah M Sterling
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cryo-EM Facility at MIT.nano, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shaun Rawson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuhao Zhang
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Huixin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haoran Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Genevieve R Nemeth
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgan S A Gilman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D Hurley
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pengxiang Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dean P Staus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Septerna, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Conor McMahon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Sanofi, Large Molecule Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Barth
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laura M Wingler
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Kaneko MK, Suzuki H, Ohishi T, Nakamura T, Tanaka T, Kato Y. A Cancer-Specific Monoclonal Antibody against HER2 Exerts Antitumor Activities in Human Breast Cancer Xenograft Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1941. [PMID: 38339219 PMCID: PMC10856767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based and/or cell-based immunotherapies provide innovative approaches to cancer treatments. However, safety concerns over targeting normal cells expressing reactive antigens still exist. Therefore, the development of cancer-specific mAbs (CasMabs) that recognize cancer-specific antigens with in vivo antitumor efficacy is required to minimize the adverse effects. We previously screened anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mAbs and successfully established a cancer-specific anti-HER2 mAb, H2Mab-250/H2CasMab-2 (IgG1, kappa). In this study, we showed that H2Mab-250 reacted with HER2-positive breast cancer cells but did not show reactivity to normal epithelial cells in flow cytometry. In contrast, a clinically approved anti-HER2 mAb, trastuzumab, recognized both breast cancer and normal epithelial cells. We further compared the affinity, effector activation, and antitumor effect of H2Mab-250 with trastuzumab. The results showed that H2Mab-250 exerted a comparable antitumor effect with trastuzumab in the mouse xenograft models of BT-474 and SK-BR-3, although H2Mab-250 possessed a lower affinity and effector activation than trastuzumab in vitro. H2Mab-250 could contribute to the development of chimeric antigen receptor-T or antibody-drug conjugates without adverse effects for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (H.S.); (T.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (H.S.); (T.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu 410-0301, Japan;
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (H.S.); (T.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (H.S.); (T.N.); (T.T.)
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (H.S.); (T.N.); (T.T.)
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6
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Yoneda H, Mitsuhashi A, Yoshida A, Ogino H, Itakura S, Nguyen NT, Nokihara H, Sato S, Shinohara T, Hanibuchi M, Abe S, Kaneko MK, Kato Y, Nishioka Y. Antipodoplanin antibody enhances the antitumor effects of CTLA-4 blockade against malignant mesothelioma by natural killer cells. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:357-368. [PMID: 38148492 PMCID: PMC10859607 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination immunotherapy with multiple immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been approved for various types of malignancies, including malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Podoplanin (PDPN), a transmembrane sialomucin-like glycoprotein, has been investigated as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for MPM. We previously generated and developed a PDPN-targeting Ab reagent with high Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). However, the effects of anti-PDPN Abs on various tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their synergistic effects with ICIs have remained unclear. In the present study, we established a novel rat-mouse chimeric anti-mouse PDPN IgG2a mAb (PMab-1-mG2a ) and its core-fucose-deficient Ab (PMab-1-mG2a -f) to address these limitations. We identified the ADCC and CDC activity of PMab-1-mG2a -f against the PDPN-expressing mesothelioma cell line AB1-HA. The antitumor effect of monotherapy with PMab-1-mG2a -f was not sufficient to overcome tumor progression in AB1-HA-bearing immunocompetent mice. However, PMab-1-mG2a -f enhanced the antitumor effects of CTLA-4 blockade. Combination therapy with anti-PDPN Ab and anti-CTLA-4 Ab increased tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells. The depletion of NK cells inhibited the synergistic effects of PMab-1-mG2a -f and CTLA-4 blockade in vivo. These findings indicated the essential role of NK cells in novel combination immunotherapy targeting PDPN and shed light on the therapeutic strategy in advanced MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Yoneda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Atsushi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Aito Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice PedagogyTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hirokazu Ogino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Satoshi Itakura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice PedagogyTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Na Thi Nguyen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Nokihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Seidai Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Tsutomu Shinohara
- Department of Community Medicine for RespirologyTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Masaki Hanibuchi
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Hematology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Shinji Abe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice PedagogyTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug DevelopmentTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug DevelopmentTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
- Department of Community Medicine for Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
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7
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Barlan K, Bhide GP, White DR, Lake MR, Lu C, Rieder SE, Fan L, Hsieh CL. Genome-scale functional genomics screening highlights genes impacting protein fucosylation in Chinese hamster ovary cells. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:52-58. [PMID: 37844762 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that has various effects on multiple types of proteins. The extent to which an N-linked glycoprotein is modified and the identity of glycans species involved is of great interest to the biopharmaceutical industry, since glycosylation can impact the efficacy and safety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs lacking core fucose, for example, display enhanced clinical efficacy through increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. We performed a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the workhorse cell culture system for industrial production of mAbs, aimed at identifying novel regulators of protein fucosylation. Using a lectin binding assay, we identified 224 gene perturbations that significantly alter protein fucosylation, including well-known glycosylation genes. This functional genomics framework could readily be extended and applied to study the genetic pathways involved in regulation of other glycoforms. We hope this resource will provide useful guidance toward the development of next generation CHO cell lines and mAb therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Barlan
- Genomics Research Center, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gaurang P Bhide
- Biologics Analytical Research and Development, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Derek R White
- Biologics Production, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marc R Lake
- Biologics Production, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Charles Lu
- Genomics Research Center, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephanie E Rieder
- Biologics Science and Technology, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lianchun Fan
- Biologics Science and Technology, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Chen-Lin Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, North Chicago, IL, United States.
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8
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Thomas B, Chockalingam K, Chen Z. Methods for Engineering Binders to Multi-Pass Membrane Proteins. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1351. [PMID: 38135942 PMCID: PMC10741020 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous potential drug targets, including G-protein-coupled receptors and ion channel proteins, reside on the cell surface as multi-pass membrane proteins. Unfortunately, despite advances in engineering technologies, engineering biologics against multi-pass membrane proteins remains a formidable task. In this review, we focus on the different methods used to prepare/present multi-pass transmembrane proteins for engineering target-specific biologics such as antibodies, nanobodies and synthetic scaffold proteins. The engineered biologics exhibit high specificity and affinity, and have broad applications as therapeutics, probes for cell staining and chaperones for promoting protein crystallization. We primarily cover publications on this topic from the past 10 years, with a focus on the different formats of multi-pass transmembrane proteins. Finally, the remaining challenges facing this field and new technologies developed to overcome a number of obstacles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thomas
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA;
| | - Karuppiah Chockalingam
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA;
| | - Zhilei Chen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA;
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA;
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9
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Skiba MA, Sterling SM, Rawson S, Gilman MS, Xu H, Nemeth GR, Hurley JD, Shen P, Staus DP, Kim J, McMahon C, Lehtinen MK, Wingler LM, Kruse AC. Antibodies Expand the Scope of Angiotensin Receptor Pharmacology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.23.554128. [PMID: 37662341 PMCID: PMC10473732 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.23.554128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key regulators of human physiology and are the targets of many small molecule research compounds and therapeutic drugs. While most of these ligands bind to their target GPCR with high affinity, selectivity is often limited at the receptor, tissue, and cellular level. Antibodies have the potential to address these limitations but their properties as GPCR ligands remain poorly characterized. Here, using protein engineering, pharmacological assays, and structural studies, we develop maternally selective heavy chain-only antibody ("nanobody") antagonists against the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) and uncover the unusual molecular basis of their receptor antagonism. We further show that our nanobodies can simultaneously bind to AT1R with specific small-molecule antagonists and demonstrate that ligand selectivity can be readily tuned. Our work illustrates that antibody fragments can exhibit rich and evolvable pharmacology, attesting to their potential as next-generation GPCR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Skiba
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah M. Sterling
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaun Rawson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan S.A. Gilman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huixin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Genevieve R. Nemeth
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph D. Hurley
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pengxiang Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Dean P. Staus
- Department of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Conor McMahon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria K. Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laura M. Wingler
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew C. Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Braun T, Schrader A. Education and Empowering Special Forces to Eradicate Secret Defectors: Immune System-Based Treatment Approaches for Mature T- and NK-Cell Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092532. [PMID: 37173999 PMCID: PMC10177197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature T- and NK-cell leukemia/lymphoma (MTCL/L) constitute a heterogeneous group of, currently, 30 distinct neoplastic entities that are overall rare, and all present with a challenging molecular markup. Thus, so far, the use of first-line cancer treatment modalities, including chemotherapies, achieve only limited clinical responses associated with discouraging prognoses. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has evolved rapidly, allowing us to help patients with, e.g., solid tumors and also relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies to achieve durable clinical responses. In this review, we systematically unveiled the distinct immunotherapeutic approaches available, emphasizing the special impediments faced when trying to employ immune system defense mechanisms to target 'one of their own-gone mad'. We summarized the preclinical and clinical efforts made to employ the various platforms of cancer immunotherapies including antibody-drug conjugates, monoclonal as well as bispecific antibodies, immune-checkpoint blockades, and CAR T cell therapies. We emphasized the challenges to, but also the goals of, what needs to be done to achieve similar successes as seen for B-cell entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Braun
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schrader
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Lymphoma Immuno Biology Team, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2023, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I-ENS de Lyon, 69921 Lyon, France
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11
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Fay CJ, Awh KC, LeBoeuf NR, Larocca CA. Harnessing the immune system in the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphomas. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1071171. [PMID: 36713518 PMCID: PMC9878398 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1071171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas are a rare subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with predilection for the skin with immunosuppressive effects that drive morbidity and mortality. We are now appreciating that suppression of the immune system is an important step in the progression of disease. It should come as no surprise that therapies historically and currently being used to treat these cancers have immune modulating functions that impact disease outcomes. By understanding the immune effects of our therapies, we may better develop new agents that target the immune system and improve combinatorial treatment strategies to limit morbidity and mortality of these cancers. The immune modulating effect of therapeutic drugs in use and under development for cutaneous T cell lymphomas will be reviewed.
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12
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Zhong X, Schenk J, Sakorafas P, Chamberland J, Tam A, Thomas LM, Yan G, D' Antona AM, Lin L, Nocula-Lugowska M, Zhang Y, Sousa E, Cohen J, Gu L, Abel M, Donahue J, Lim S, Meade C, Zhou J, Riegel L, Birch A, Fennell BJ, Franklin E, Gomes JM, Tzvetkova B, Scarcelli JJ. Impacts of fast production of afucosylated antibodies and Fc mutants in ExpiCHO-S™ for enhancing FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:79-91. [PMID: 36341973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study has employed mammalian transient expression systems to generate afucosylated antibodies and antibody Fc mutants for rapid candidate screening in discovery and early development. While chemical treatment with the fucose analogue 2-fluoro-peracetyl-fucose during transient expression only partially produced antibodies with afucosylated N-glycans, the genetic inactivation of the FUT8 gene in ExpiCHO-S™ by CRISPR/Cas9 enabled the transient production of fully afucosylated antibodies. Human IgG1 and murine IgG2a generated by the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line possessed a 8-to-11-fold enhanced FcγRIIIa binding activity in comparison with those produced by ExpiCHO-S™. The Fc mutant S239D/S298A/I332E produced by ExpiCHO-S™ had an approximate 2-fold higher FcγRIIIa affinity than that of the afucosylated wildtype molecule, although it displayed significantly lower thermal-stability. When the Fc mutant was produced in the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line, the resulting afucosylated Fc mutant antibody had an additional approximate 6-fold increase in FcγRIIIa binding affinity. This synergistic effect between afucosylation and the Fc mutations was further verified by a natural killer (NK) cell activation assay. Together, these results have not only established an efficient large-scale transient CHO system for rapid production of afucosylated antibodies, but also confirmed a cooperative impact between afucosylation and Fc mutations on FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jennifer Schenk
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Paul Sakorafas
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John Chamberland
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Amy Tam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - L Michael Thomas
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grace Yan
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron M D' Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ling Gu
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Molica Abel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacob Donahue
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sean Lim
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caryl Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Logan Riegel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex Birch
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian J Fennell
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward Franklin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jose M Gomes
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John J Scarcelli
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA.
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13
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Raynaud P, Gauthier C, Jugnarain V, Jean-Alphonse F, Reiter E, Bruneau G, Crépieux P. Intracellular VHHs to monitor and modulate GPCR signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1048601. [PMID: 36465650 PMCID: PMC9708903 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1048601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-domain antibody fragments, also known as VHHs or nanobodies, have opened promising avenues in therapeutics and in exploration of intracellular processes. Because of their unique structural properties, they can reach cryptic regions in their cognate antigen. Intracellular VHHs/antibodies primarily directed against cytosolic proteins or transcription factors have been described. In contrast, few of them target membrane proteins and even less recognize G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are major therapeutic targets, which reflects their involvement in a plethora of physiological responses. Hence, they elicit a tremendous interest in the scientific community and in the industry. Comprehension of their pharmacology has been obscured by their conformational complexity, that has precluded deciphering their structural properties until the early 2010's. To that respect, intracellular VHHs have been instrumental in stabilizing G protein-coupled receptors in active conformations in order to solve their structure, possibly bound to their primary transducers, G proteins or β-arrestins. In contrast, the modulatory properties of VHHs recognizing the intracellular regions of G protein-coupled receptors on the induced signaling network have been poorly studied. In this review, we will present the advances that the intracellular VHHs have permitted in the field of GPCR signaling and trafficking. We will also discuss the methodological hurdles that linger the discovery of modulatory intracellular VHHs directed against GPCRs, as well as the opportunities they open in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Raynaud
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Camille Gauthier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vinesh Jugnarain
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Frédéric Jean-Alphonse
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Bruneau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
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14
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Hatfield G, Tepliakova L, Gingras G, Stalker A, Li X, Aubin Y, Tam RY. Specific location of galactosylation in an afucosylated antiviral monoclonal antibody affects its FcγRIIIA binding affinity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972168. [PMID: 36304448 PMCID: PMC9596277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) comprise an essential type of biologic therapeutics and are used to treat diseases because of their anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, and their ability to protect against respiratory infections. Its production involves post-translational glycosylation, a biosynthetic process that conjugates glycans to proteins, which plays crucial roles in mAb bioactivities including effector functions and pharmacokinetics. These glycans are heterogeneous and have diverse chemical structures whose composition is sensitive to manufacturing conditions, rendering the understanding of how specific glycan structures affect mAb bioactivity challenging. There is a need to delineate the effects of specific glycans on mAb bioactivity to determine whether changes in certain glycosylation profiles (that can occur during manufacturing) will significantly affect product quality. Using enzymatic transglycosylation with chemically-defined N-glycans, we show that galactosylation at a specific location of N-glycans in an afucosylated anti-viral mAb is responsible for FcγRIIIA binding and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. We report a facile method to obtain purified asymmetric mono-galactosylated biantennary complex N-glycans, and their influence on bioactivity upon incorporation into an afucosylated mAb. Using ELISA, surface plasmon resonance and flow cytometry, we show that galactosylation of the α6 antenna, but not the α3 antenna, consistently increases FcγRIIIA binding affinity. We confirm its relevance in an anti-viral model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using an adapted ADCC reporter assay. We further correlate this structure-function relationship to the interaction of the galactose residue of the α6 antenna with the protein backbone using 2D-1H-15N-NMR, which showed that galactosylation of at this location exhibited chemical shift perturbations compared to glycoforms lacking this galactose residue. Our results highlight the importance of identifying and quantifying specific glycan isomers to ensure adequate quality control in batch-to-batch and biosimilar comparisons.
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15
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Asano T, Suzuki H, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Identification of the Binding Epitope of an Anti-mouse CCR4 Monoclonal Antibody, C 4Mab-1. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2022; 41:214-220. [PMID: 35917564 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2022.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is one of G protein-coupled receptors, and interacts with chemokines, CCL17 and CCL22. CCR4 is expressed on T cells such as helper T type 2 cells, regulatory T cells, and interleukin 17-producing T helper cells. CCR4 is associated with T cells trafficking into the tumor microenvironment, and is associated with tumor progression or metastasis. Therefore, CCR4 may be a potential therapeutic option for T cell malignancies. C4Mab-1 is a novel anti-mouse CCR4 (mCCR4) monoclonal antibody produced by mCCR4 N-terminal peptide immunization. C4Mab-1 is useful for flow cytometric analysis. In this study, we conducted the epitope mapping of C4Mab-1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and peptide blocking assay. The result of ELISA indicated that Thr7, Asp8, and Gln11 of mCCR4 are the critical amino acids for the C4Mab-1 binding. Furthermore, peptide blocking assay by flow cytometry showed that Thr7, Asp8, and Gln11 of mCCR4 are essential for C4Mab-1 binding to mCCR4-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO/mCCR4) cells, and Val6, Thr9, and Thr10 are involved in the C4Mab-1 binding to CHO/mCCR4 cells. These results indicate that the critical binding epitope of C4Mab-1 includes Thr7, Asp8, and Gln11 of mCCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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16
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Yin Y, Romei MG, Sankar K, Pal LR, Hon Hoi K, Yang Y, Leonard B, De Leon Boenig G, Kumar N, Matsumoto M, Payandeh J, Harris SF, Moult J, Lazar GA. Antibody Interfaces Revealed Through Structural Mining. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4952-4968. [PMID: 36147680 PMCID: PMC9474289 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are fundamental effectors of humoral immunity, and have become a highly successful class of therapeutics. There is increasing evidence that antibodies utilize transient homotypic interactions to enhance function, and elucidation of such interactions can provide insights into their biology and new opportunities for their optimization as drugs. Yet the transitory nature of weak interactions makes them difficult to investigate. Capitalizing on their rich structural data and high conservation, we have characterized all the ways that antibody fragment antigen-binding (Fab) regions interact crystallographically. This approach led to the discovery of previously unrealized interfaces between antibodies. While diverse interactions exist, β-sheet dimers and variable-constant elbow dimers are recurrent motifs. Disulfide engineering enabled interactions to be trapped and investigated structurally and functionally, providing experimental validation of the interfaces and illustrating their potential for optimization. This work provides first insight into previously undiscovered oligomeric interactions between antibodies, and enables new opportunities for their biotherapeutic optimization.
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17
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Oostindie SC, Lazar GA, Schuurman J, Parren PWHI. Avidity in antibody effector functions and biotherapeutic drug design. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:715-735. [PMID: 35790857 PMCID: PMC9255845 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are the cardinal effector molecules of the immune system and are being leveraged with enormous success as biotherapeutic drugs. A key part of the adaptive immune response is the production of an epitope-diverse, polyclonal antibody mixture that is capable of neutralizing invading pathogens or disease-causing molecules through binding interference and by mediating humoral and cellular effector functions. Avidity - the accumulated binding strength derived from the affinities of multiple individual non-covalent interactions - is fundamental to virtually all aspects of antibody biology, including antibody-antigen binding, clonal selection and effector functions. The manipulation of antibody avidity has since emerged as an important design principle for enhancing or engineering novel properties in antibody biotherapeutics. In this Review, we describe the multiple levels of avidity interactions that trigger the overall efficacy and control of functional responses in both natural antibody biology and their therapeutic applications. Within this framework, we comprehensively review therapeutic antibody mechanisms of action, with particular emphasis on engineered optimizations and platforms. Overall, we describe how affinity and avidity tuning of engineered antibody formats are enabling a new wave of differentiated antibody drugs with tailored properties and novel functions, promising improved treatment options for a wide variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Oostindie
- Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Greg A Lazar
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul W H I Parren
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. .,Sparring Bioconsult, Odijk, Netherlands. .,Lava Therapeutics, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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18
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Sakihama S, Karube K. Genetic Alterations in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: Novel Discoveries with Clinical and Biological Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2394. [PMID: 35625999 PMCID: PMC9139356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a refractory T-cell neoplasm that develops in human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-1) carriers. Large-scale comprehensive genomic analyses have uncovered the landscape of genomic alterations of ATLL and have identified several altered genes related to prognosis. The genetic alterations in ATLL are extremely enriched in the T-cell receptor/nuclear factor-κB pathway, suggesting a pivotal role of deregulation in this pathway in the transformation of HTLV-1-infected cells. Recent studies have revealed the process of transformation of HTLV-1-infected cells by analyzing longitudinal samples from HTLV-1 carriers and patients with overt ATLL, an endeavor that might enable earlier ATLL diagnosis. The latest whole-genome sequencing study discovered 11 novel alterations, including CIC long isoform, which had been overlooked in previous studies employing exome sequencing. Our study group performed the targeted sequencing of ATLL in Okinawa, the southernmost island in Japan and an endemic area of HTLV-1, where the comprehensive genetic alterations had never been analyzed. We found associations of genetic alterations with HTLV-1 strains phylogenetically classified based on the tax gene, an etiological virus factor in ATLL. This review summarizes the genetic alterations in ATLL, with a focus on their clinical significance, geographical heterogeneity, and association with HTLV-1 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Sakihama
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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19
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Involvement of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway on T cell proliferation and NK cell-mediated ADCC in Sézary syndrome. Blood 2022; 139:2712-2716. [PMID: 35051270 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Sołkiewicz K, Krotkiewski H, Jędryka M, Czekański A, Kratz EM. The Alterations of Serum IgG Fucosylation as a Potential Additional New Diagnostic Marker in Advanced Endometriosis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:251-266. [PMID: 35058701 PMCID: PMC8764169 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s341906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease leading to the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus, which affects approximately 10% of young women of reproductive potential. The diagnosis of this disease is difficult, often invasive and time-consuming, therefore non-invasive diagnostic methods are strongly desirable in endometriosis detection. The aim of our project was to investigate whether any associations exist between the expression of serum IgG fucosylation and advanced stages of endometriosis. We were also interested in whether native serum IgG (s-IgG) fucosylation analysis, without prior IgG isolation, could provide a panel of parameters helpful in non-invasive diagnostics of advanced endometriosis. METHODS IgG fucosylation was examined using a lectin-ELISA test with fucose-specific lectins: AAL and LCA, specific for core fucose α1,6-linked, as well as LTA and UEA which recognize α1,3- and α1,2-linked fucose, respectively. RESULTS ROC curve and cluster analysis showed s-IgG reactivities with the panel of fucose-specific lectins AAL, LCA and LTA. CONCLUSION s-IgG reactivity with the panel of fucose-specific lectins AAL, LCA and LTA can be taken into account as a useful diagnostic and clinical tool to differentiate women with advanced endometriosis. Moreover, it has been shown that the analysis of native IgG fucosylation directly in serum, without prior time-consuming, expensive IgG isolation, is sufficient to distinguish advanced stages of endometriosis from a control group of healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Hubert Krotkiewski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, 53-114, Poland
| | - Marcin Jędryka
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
- Department of Oncological Gynecology, Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
| | - Andrzej Czekański
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
- Department of Oncological Gynecology, Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
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21
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Yoshie O. CCR4 as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215542. [PMID: 34771703 PMCID: PMC8583476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CCR4 is a chemokine receptor selectively expressed on normal T cell subsets such as type 2 helper T cells, skin-homing T cells and regulatory T cells, and on skin-associated T cell malignancies such as adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), which is etiologically associated with human T lymphocyte virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs). Mogamulizumab is a fully humanized and glyco-engineered monoclonal anti-CCR4 antibody used for the treatment of refractory/relapsed ATLL and CTCLs, often resulting in complete remission. The clinical applications of Mogamulizumab are now being extended to solid tumors, exploring the therapeutic effect of regulatory T cell depletion. This review overviews the expression of CCR4 in various T cell subsets, HTLV-1-infected T cells, ATLL and CTCLs, and the clinical applications of Mogamulizumab. Abstract CCR4 is a chemokine receptor mainly expressed by T cells. It is the receptor for two CC chemokine ligands, CCL17 and CCL22. Originally, the expression of CCR4 was described as highly selective for helper T type 2 (Th2) cells. Later, its expression was extended to other T cell subsets such as regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells. CCR4 has long been regarded as a potential therapeutic target for allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma. Furthermore, the findings showing that CCR4 is strongly expressed by T cell malignancies such as adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) have led to the development and clinical application of the fully humanized and glyco-engineered monoclonal anti-CCR4 Mogamulizumab in refractory/relapsed ATLL and CTCLs with remarkable successes. However, Mogamulizumab often induces severe adverse events in the skin possibly because of its efficient depletion of Treg cells. In particular, treatment with Mogamulizumab prior to allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the only curative option of these T cell malignancies, often leads to severe glucocorticoid-refractory graft-versus-host diseases. The efficient depletion of Treg cells by Mogamulizumab has also led to its clinical trials in advanced solid tumors singly or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The main focus of this review is CCR4; its expression on normal and malignant T cells and its significance as a therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yoshie
- Health and Kampo Institute, Sendai 981-3205, Japan;
- Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Aoinosono-Sendai Izumi Long-Term Health Care Facility, Sendai 981-3126, Japan
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22
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Kaneko MK, Ohishi T, Nakamura T, Inoue H, Takei J, Sano M, Asano T, Sayama Y, Hosono H, Suzuki H, Kawada M, Kato Y. Development of Core-Fucose-Deficient Humanized and Chimeric Anti-Human Podoplanin Antibodies. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2021; 39:167-174. [PMID: 33085938 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2020.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN), a 36-kDa type I transmembrane O-glycoprotein, is expressed in normal cells, including renal epithelial cells (podocytes), lymphatic endothelial cells, and pulmonary type I alveolar cells, and in cancer cells, including brain tumors and squamous cell lung carcinomas. PDPN activates platelet aggregation by binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) on platelets, and PDPN/CLEC-2 interaction facilitates blood/lymphatic vessel separation. We previously produced an anti-human PDPN monoclonal antibody (mAb), clone NZ-1 (rat IgG2a, lambda) and its rat-human chimeric mAbs (NZ-8/NZ-12), which neutralize PDPN/CLEC-2 interactions and inhibit platelet aggregation and cancer metastasis. In this study, we first developed a humanized anti-human PDPN mAb, named as NZ-27. We further produced a core-fucose-deficient version of NZ-27, named as P1027 and a core-fucose-deficient version of NZ-12, named as NZ-12f. We investigated the binding affinity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antitumor activity of P1027 and NZ-12f. We demonstrated that the binding affinities of P1027 and NZ-12f against LN319 (a human glioblastoma cell line) are 1.1 × 10-8 and 3.9 × 10-9 M, respectively. ADCC reporter assays demonstrated that NZ-12f shows 1.5 times higher luminescence than P1027. Furthermore, NZ-12f showed 2.2 times higher ADCC than P1027, whereas both P1027 and NZ-12f showed high CDC activities against LN319 cells. Using LN319 xenograft models, P1027 and NZ-12f significantly reduced tumor development in an LN319 xenograft model compared with control human IgG. Treatment with P1027 and NZ-12f may be a useful therapy for patients with PDPN-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu-shi, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu-shi, Japan
| | - Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Sano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sayama
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Hosono
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu-shi, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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23
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Xu S, Foss F. New nonchemotherapy treatment options for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:1017-1028. [PMID: 33554707 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1882859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most common types of CTCL are mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS). In both MF and SS, complete responses to treatment are uncommon. Recent developments and understanding of the biology of MF/SS have led to novel agents which may offer prolonged responses with less toxicity compared to conventional chemotherapy approaches. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the efficacy and safety of new nonchemotherapy treatment options including antibody agents, small molecule inhibitors, fusion proteins, and CAR T-cell therapy. We also reflect on older immunomodulatory treatments including retinoids and histone deacetylase inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Patients with MF/SS who require systemic therapy often progress through multiple agents sequentially, thus the need for additional novel agents in the treatment armamentarium. Antibody-based therapies such as alemtuzumab are highly effective in the blood compartment of disease, while brentuximab vedotin has shown higher activity in skin and lymph nodes. Checkpoint inhibitors may play a role in treating MF/SS but may induce hyperprogression, and engineered T cells and bispecific antibodies recruiting immune effectors are being developed and may show promise in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Xu
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Francine Foss
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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24
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Bishop MW, Hutson PR, Hank JA, Sondel PM, Furman WL, Meagher MM, Navid F, Santana VM. A Phase 1 and pharmacokinetic study evaluating daily or weekly schedules of the humanized anti-GD2 antibody hu14.18K322A in recurrent/refractory solid tumors. MAbs 2021; 12:1773751. [PMID: 32643524 PMCID: PMC7531516 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1773751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hu14.18K322A is a humanized anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody with a single point mutation that reduces complement-mediated cytotoxicity, with a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 60 mg/m2 daily for 4 days in children with recurrent/refractory neuroblastoma. We report additional results of a Phase 1 trial to determine the MTD and safety profile of hu14.18K322A in patients with osteosarcoma, and of an alternative schedule of weekly hu14.18K322A administration in patients with neuroblastoma or osteosarcoma. Eligible patients with recurrent/refractory osteosarcoma received hu14.13K22A daily x4 every 28 days in a Phase 1 traditional 3 + 3 dose escalation design. Additional patients with osteosarcoma were then enrolled to receive hu14.18K322A once weekly for 4 weeks per course. Patients with recurrent/refractory neuroblastoma were also enrolled on the weekly schedule at 50 mg/m2/dose. Six patients with osteosarcoma treated on the daily schedule received a median of 2 (range 1-6) courses; the recommended daily dose was established as 60 mg/m2. Three patients had stable disease (SD) as best overall response. Five patients (3 neuroblastoma, 2 osteosarcoma) enrolled on the weekly schedule received a median of 1 (1-3) course; 2 achieved SD as best overall response. Pain, fever, hematologic toxicities, hyponatremia, and ocular/visual abnormalities were common toxicities among both schedules. Dose-limiting toxicities attributed to hu14.18K322A included anorexia and fatigue (n = 1). Pharmacokinetic profiles were similar between daily and weekly schedules. The recommended dose for patients with osteosarcoma receiving daily hu14.18K322A x4 is 60 mg/m2. Patients receiving the weekly schedule experienced similar pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile as the daily schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Bishop
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul R Hutson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI
| | - Jacquelyn A Hank
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin , Madison (UW), WI, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin , Madison (UW), WI, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of Wisconsin , Madison (UW), WI, USA
| | - Wayne L Furman
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael M Meagher
- Department of Therapeutics Production and Quality, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fariba Navid
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victor M Santana
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN, USA
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25
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Scott MJ, Jowett A, Orecchia M, Ertl P, Ouro-Gnao L, Ticehurst J, Gower D, Yates J, Poulton K, Harris C, Mullin MJ, Smith KJ, Lewis AP, Barton N, Washburn ML, de Wildt R. Rapid identification of highly potent human anti-GPCR antagonist monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2021; 12:1755069. [PMID: 32343620 PMCID: PMC7188403 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1755069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex cellular targets such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ion channels, and other multi-transmembrane proteins represent a significant challenge for therapeutic antibody discovery, primarily because of poor stability of the target protein upon extraction from cell membranes. To assess whether a limited set of membrane-bound antigen formats could be exploited to identify functional antibodies directed against such targets, we selected a GPCR of therapeutic relevance (CCR1) and identified target binders using an in vitro yeast-based antibody discovery platform (AdimabTM) to expedite hit identification. Initially, we compared two different biotinylated antigen formats overexpressing human CCR1 in a ‘scouting’ approach using a subset of the antibody library. Binders were isolated using streptavidin-coated beads, expressed as yeast supernatants, and screened using a high-throughput binding assay and flow cytometry on appropriate cell lines. The most suitable antigen was then selected to isolate target binders using the full library diversity. This approach identified a combined total of 183 mAbs with diverse heavy chain sequences. A subset of clones exhibited high potencies in primary cell chemotaxis assays, with IC50 values in the low nM/high pM range. To assess the feasibility of any further affinity enhancement, full-length hCCR1 protein was purified, complementary-determining region diversified libraries were constructed from a high and lower affinity mAb, and improved binders were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting selections. A significant affinity enhancement was observed for the lower affinity parental mAb, but not the high affinity mAb. These data exemplify a methodology to generate potent human mAbs for challenging targets rapidly using whole cells as antigen and define a route to the identification of affinity-matured variants if required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Scott
- Department of Biopharm Discovery, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Amanda Jowett
- Department of Biopharm Discovery, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Martin Orecchia
- Department of Biopharm Discovery, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Peter Ertl
- Department of Biopharm Discovery, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Larissa Ouro-Gnao
- Department of Biopharm Discovery, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Julia Ticehurst
- Department of Biopharm Discovery, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David Gower
- Department of Biopharm Discovery, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - John Yates
- Department of Biopharm Discovery, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Katie Poulton
- Department of Biopharm Discovery, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Carol Harris
- Department of Protein & Cellular Sciences, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Michael J Mullin
- Department of Protein & Cellular Sciences, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Kathrine J Smith
- Department of Protein & Cellular Sciences, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Alan P Lewis
- Department of Data & Computational Sciences, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Nick Barton
- Department of Data & Computational Sciences, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Michael L Washburn
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Ruud de Wildt
- Department of Biopharm Discovery, Glaxo Smith Kline Research & Development, Hertfordshire, UK
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26
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Robust CD8+ T-cell proliferation and diversification after mogamulizumab in patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2180-2191. [PMID: 32433748 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin-related adverse events (AEs) occur frequently in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) patients treated with mogamulizumab, a humanized anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody. This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms of mogamulizumab-induced skin-related AEs. We analyzed the T-cell receptor β chain repertoire in ATL patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after mogamulizumab. Skin-related AEs were present in 16 patients and were absent in 8 patients. Additionally, we included 11 patients before and after chemotherapy without mogamulizumab. Immune-related gene expression in PBMCs before and after mogamulizumab was also assessed (n = 24). Mogamulizumab treatment resulted in CCR4+ T-cell depletion, and the consequent lymphopenia provoked homeostatic CD8+ T-cell proliferation, as evidenced by increased expressions of CD8B and CD8A, which were significantly greater in patients with skin-related AEs than in those without them. We hypothesize that proliferation is driven by the engagement of self-antigens, including skin-related antigens, in the face of regulatory T-cell depletion. Together with the observed activated antigen presentation function, this resulted in T-cell diversification that was significantly greater in patients with skin-related AEs than in those without. We found that the CD8+ T cells that proliferated and diversified after mogamulizumab treatment were almost entirely newly emerged clones. There was an inverse relationship between the degree of CCR4+ T-cell depletion and increased CD8+ T-cell proliferation and diversification. Thus, lymphocyte-depleting mogamulizumab treatment provokes homeostatic CD8+ T-cell proliferation predominantly of newly emerging clones, some of which could have important roles in the pathogenesis of mogamulizumab-induced skin-related AEs.
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27
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Afucosylated IgG Targets FcγRIV for Enhanced Tumor Therapy in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102372. [PMID: 34069226 PMCID: PMC8156657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer treatments are increasingly based on therapeutic antibodies to clear tumors. While in vivo mouse models are useful to predict effectiveness of human antibodies it is not completely clear how useful these models are to test antibodies engineered with enhanced effector functions designed for humans. One of the changes considered for many new antibody-based drugs is the removal of fucose (resulting in afucosylated IgG) which enhances IgG-Fc receptor (FcγR) mediated effector functions in humans through FcγRIIIa. Here we show that afucosylated human IgG1 also have enhanced effector functions against peritoneal metastasis of melanoma cells in mice through the evolutionary related mouse FcγRIV. This shows that afucosylated human IgG is functionally recognized across species and shows that mouse tumor models can be used to assess the therapeutic potential of afucosylated IgG1. Abstract Promising strategies for maximizing IgG effector functions rely on the introduction of natural and non-immunogenic modifications. The Fc domain of IgG antibodies contains an N-linked oligosaccharide at position 297. Human IgG antibodies lacking the core fucose in this glycan have enhanced binding to human (FcγR) IIIa/b, resulting in enhanced antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis through these receptors. However, it is not yet clear if glycan-enhancing modifications of human IgG translate into more effective treatment in mouse models. We generated humanized hIgG1-TA99 antibodies with and without core-fucose. C57Bl/6 mice that were injected intraperitoneally with B16F10-gp75 mouse melanoma developed significantly less metastasis outgrowth after treatment with afucosylated hIgG1-TA99 compared to mice treated with wildtype hhIgG1-TA99. Afucosylated human IgG1 showed stronger interaction with the murine FcγRIV, the mouse orthologue of human FcγRIIIa, indicating that this glycan change is functionally conserved between the species. In agreement with this, no significant differences were observed in tumor outgrowth in FcγRIV-/- mice treated with human hIgG1-TA99 with or without the core fucose. These results confirm the potential of using afucosylated therapeutic IgG to increase their efficacy. Moreover, we show that afucosylated human IgG1 antibodies act across species, supporting that mouse models can be suitable to test afucosylated antibodies.
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28
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Prat M, Salon M, Allain T, Dubreuil O, Noël G, Preisser L, Jean B, Cassard L, Lemée F, Tabah-Fish I, Pipy B, Jeannin P, Prost JF, Barret JM, Coste A. Murlentamab, a Low Fucosylated Anti-Müllerian Hormone Type II Receptor (AMHRII) Antibody, Exhibits Anti-Tumor Activity through Tumor-Associated Macrophage Reprogrammation and T Cell Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081845. [PMID: 33924378 PMCID: PMC8070390 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary AMHRII, the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor, is selectively expressed in normal sexual organs in healthy adults but is also re-expressed in ovarian, colorectal and lung cancers. In this context, we developed murlentamab, a humanized glyco-engineered anti-AMHRII monoclonal antibody, currently in clinical trial. Preliminary data suggest that murlentamab anti-tumor activity involves immune response activation. Thus, in vitro experiments were performed to precisely characterize the murlentamab effect on the human immune system. We show that murlentamab treatment is associated with evidences of innate and adaptive immune cell activation in cancer patient samples. Moreover, we demonstrate that the murlentamab opsonization of AMHRII-expressing ovarian tumor cells promotes a polarization switch of both naïve and tumor-associated macrophages towards an anti-tumor M1-like phenotype. Our work also supports that, through macrophage reeducation, murlentamab activates an anti-tumor adaptive immune response. Finally, the combination of murlentamab with pembrolizumab confirmed novel clinical perspectives of murlentamab association with checkpoint inhibitors and other immuno-modulators. Abstract AMHRII, the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor, is selectively expressed in normal sexual organs but is also re-expressed in gynecologic cancers. Hence, we developed murlentamab, a humanized glyco-engineered anti-AMHRII monoclonal antibody currently in clinical trial. Low-fucosylated antibodies are known to increase the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) potency of effector cells, but some preliminary results suggest a more global murlentamab-dependent activation of the immune system. In this context, we demonstrate here that the murlentamab opsonization of AMHRII-expressing ovarian tumor cells, in the presence of unstimulated- or tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-like macrophages, significantly promotes macrophage-mediated ADCC and shifts the whole microenvironment towards a pro-inflammatory and anti-tumoral status, thus triggering anti-tumor activity. We also report that murlentamab orients both unstimulated- and TAM-like macrophages to an M1-like phenotype characterized by a strong expression of co-stimulation markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, favoring T cell recruitment and activation. Moreover, we show that murlentamab treatment shifts CD4+ Th1/Th2 balance towards a Th1 response and activates CD8+ T cells. Altogether, these results suggest that murlentamab, through naïve macrophage orientation and TAM reprogrammation, stimulates the anti-tumor adaptive immune response. Those mechanisms might contribute to the sustained clinical benefit observed in advanced cancer patients treated with murlentamab. Finally, the enhanced murlentamab activity in combination with pembrolizumab opens new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Prat
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.P.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Marie Salon
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.P.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (B.P.)
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, UPS, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Allain
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.P.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Olivier Dubreuil
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Grégory Noël
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Laurence Preisser
- Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, CHU Angers, Inserm, CRCINA, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France; (L.P.); (P.J.)
| | - Bérangère Jean
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Lydie Cassard
- Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94905 Villejuif, France;
| | - Fanny Lemée
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Isabelle Tabah-Fish
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Bernard Pipy
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.P.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (B.P.)
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, UPS, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Jeannin
- Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, CHU Angers, Inserm, CRCINA, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France; (L.P.); (P.J.)
| | - Jean-François Prost
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Jean-Marc Barret
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Agnès Coste
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.P.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (B.P.)
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, UPS, 31100 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-534-609-501
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Katoh T, Yamamoto K. Innovative Preparation of Biopharmaceuticals Using Transglycosylation Activity of Microbial Endoglycosidases. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2021; 68:1-9. [PMID: 34354540 PMCID: PMC8113915 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2020_0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Most functional biopharmaceuticals such as antibodies are glycoproteins carrying N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans). In animal cells, these glycans are generally expressed as heterogeneous glycoforms that are difficult to separate into a pure form. The structure of these glycans directly affects several biological aspects of the glycoproteins, especially binding affinity. Therefore, the preparation of glycoproteins with well-defined and homogeneous glycoforms is necessary for functional studies and improved efficacy, particularly for biopharmaceuticals. This review describes the recent remarkable progress in the development and production of biopharmaceutical glycan-modified antibodies, through the use of glycan remodeling using microbial endoglycosidases and sophisticated glycoengineering techniques utilizing microbial enzymatic reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- 2 Center for Innovative and Joint Research, Wakayama University
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30
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Zimmermann M, Nguyen M, Schultheiss CM, Kolmar H, Zimmer A. Use of 5-Thio-L-Fucose to modulate binding affinity of therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1818-1831. [PMID: 33501689 PMCID: PMC8248388 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of antibody core-fucosylation is known to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In this study, 5-Thio-l-Fucose (ThioFuc) was investigated as a media and feed supplement for modulating the fucosylation profile of therapeutic proteins and, thereby, improving the resulting effector functions. Glycan analysis of five different therapeutic proteins produced by a diverse set of Chinese hamster ovary cell lines demonstrated a clone dependent impact of ThioFuc treatment. Using rituximab as a model, an efficient dose- and time-dependent reduction of core-fucosylation up to a minimum of 5% were obtained by ThioFuc. Besides a concomitant increase in the afucosylation level up to 48%, data also revealed up to 47% incorporation of ThioFuc in place of core-fucosylation. In accordance with the glycan data, antibodies produced in the presence of ThioFuc revealed an enhanced FcγRIIIa binding up to 7.7-fold. Furthermore, modified antibodies subjected to a cell-based ADCC reporter bioassay proved to exert both a 1.5-fold enhanced ADCC efficacy and 2.6-fold enhancement in potency in comparison to their native counterparts-both of which contribute to an improvement in the ADCC activity. In conclusion, ThioFuc is a potent fucose derivative with potential applications in drug development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zimmermann
- Life Science, Upstream R&D, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.,Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Melanie Nguyen
- Life Science, Upstream R&D, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Aline Zimmer
- Life Science, Upstream R&D, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Shirakawa A, Manabe Y, Fukase K. Recent Advances in the Chemical Biology of N-Glycans. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041040. [PMID: 33669465 PMCID: PMC7920464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagine-linked N-glycans on proteins have diverse structures, and their functions vary according to their structures. In recent years, it has become possible to obtain high quantities of N-glycans via isolation and chemical/enzymatic/chemoenzymatic synthesis. This has allowed for progress in the elucidation of N-glycan functions at the molecular level. Interaction analyses with lectins by glycan arrays or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using various N-glycans have revealed the molecular basis for the recognition of complex structures of N-glycans. Preparation of proteins modified with homogeneous N-glycans revealed the influence of N-glycan modifications on protein functions. Furthermore, N-glycans have potential applications in drug development. This review discusses recent advances in the chemical biology of N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Shirakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.F.); Tel.: +81-6-6850-5391 (Y.M.); +81-6-6850-5388 (K.F.)
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.F.); Tel.: +81-6-6850-5391 (Y.M.); +81-6-6850-5388 (K.F.)
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Bastian K, Scott E, Elliott DJ, Munkley J. FUT8 Alpha-(1,6)-Fucosyltransferase in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E455. [PMID: 33466384 PMCID: PMC7795606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a universal feature of cancer cells that can impact all steps in tumour progression from malignant transformation to metastasis and immune evasion. One key change in tumour glycosylation is altered core fucosylation. Core fucosylation is driven by fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), which catalyses the addition of α1,6-fucose to the innermost GlcNAc residue of N-glycans. FUT8 is frequently upregulated in cancer, and plays a critical role in immune evasion, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and the regulation of TGF-β, EGF, α3β1 integrin and E-Cadherin. Here, we summarise the role of FUT8 in various cancers (including lung, liver, colorectal, ovarian, prostate, breast, melanoma, thyroid, and pancreatic), discuss the potential mechanisms involved, and outline opportunities to exploit FUT8 as a critical factor in cancer therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Bastian
- Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (E.S.); (D.J.E.); (J.M.)
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Mimura Y, Saldova R, Mimura-Kimura Y, Rudd PM, Jefferis R. Importance and Monitoring of Therapeutic Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:481-517. [PMID: 34687020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The complex diantennary-type oligosaccharides at Asn297 residues of the IgG heavy chains have a profound impact on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Fc glycosylation of a mAb is an established critical quality attribute (CQA), and its oligosaccharide profile is required to be thoroughly characterized by state-of-the-art analytical methods. The Fc oligosaccharides are highly heterogeneous, and the differentially glycosylated species (glycoforms) of IgG express unique biological activities. Glycoengineering is a promising approach for the production of selected mAb glycoforms with improved effector functions, and non- and low-fucosylated mAbs exhibiting enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity have been approved or are under clinical evaluation for treatment of cancers, autoimmune/chronic inflammatory diseases, and infection. Recently, the chemoenzymatic glycoengineering method that allows for the transfer of structurally defined oligosaccharides to Asn-linked GlcNAc residues with glycosynthase has been developed for remodeling of IgG-Fc oligosaccharides with high efficiency and flexibility. Additionally, various glycoengineering methods have been developed that utilize the Fc oligosaccharides of IgG as reaction handles to conjugate cytotoxic agents by "click chemistry", providing new routes to the design of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with tightly controlled drug-antibody ratios (DARs) and homogeneity. This review focuses on current understanding of the biological relevance of individual IgG glycoforms and advances in the development of next-generation antibody therapeutics with improved efficacy and safety through glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan.
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuka Mimura-Kimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Centros, Singapore
| | - Roy Jefferis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Liu R, Oldham RJ, Teal E, Beers SA, Cragg MS. Fc-Engineering for Modulated Effector Functions-Improving Antibodies for Cancer Treatment. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E64. [PMID: 33212886 PMCID: PMC7709126 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics possess the ability to engage innate immune effectors through interactions mediated by their fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain. By delivering Fc-Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) and Fc-C1q interactions, mAb are able to link exquisite specificity to powerful cellular and complement-mediated effector functions. Fc interactions can also facilitate enhanced target clustering to evoke potent receptor signaling. These observations have driven decades-long research to delineate the properties within the Fc that elicit these various activities, identifying key amino acid residues and elucidating the important role of glycosylation. They have also fostered a growing interest in Fc-engineering whereby this knowledge is exploited to modulate Fc effector function to suit specific mechanisms of action and therapeutic purposes. In this review, we document the insight that has been generated through the study of the Fc domain; revealing the underpinning structure-function relationships and how the Fc has been engineered to produce an increasing number of antibodies that are appearing in the clinic with augmented abilities to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Liu
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK;
| | - Robert J. Oldham
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - Emma Teal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - Stephen A. Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; (R.J.O.); (E.T.); (M.S.C.)
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, UK
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Yanagisawa B, Perkins B, Karantanos T, Levis M, Ghiaur G, Smith BD, Jones RJ. Expression of putative leukemia stem cell targets in genetically-defined acute myeloid leukemia subtypes. Leuk Res 2020; 99:106477. [PMID: 33220589 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although most acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients achieve complete remissions, the majority still eventually relapse and die of their disease. Rare primitive leukemia cells, so-called leukemia stem cells (LSCs), represent one potential type of resistant cell subpopulation responsible for this dissociation between response and cure. Several LSC targets have been described, but there is limited evidence about their relative utility or that targeting any can prevent relapse. LSCs not only appear to be biologically heterogeneous, but the classic immunocompromised mouse transplantation model also has serious shortcomings as an LSC assay. Out data suggest that the most immature cell phenotype that can be identified within a patient's leukemia may be clinically relevant and represent the de facto LSC. Moreover, although phenotypically heterogeneous, these putative LSCs show consistent phenotypes within individual genetically defined groups. Using this LSC definition, we studied several previously described putative LSC targets, CD25, CD26, CD47, CD96, CD123, and CLL-1, and all were expressed across heterogeneous LSC phenotypes. In addition, with the exception of CD47, there was at most low expression of these targets on normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). CD123 and CLL-1 demonstrated the greatest expression differences between putative LSCs and normal HSCs. Importantly, CD123 monoclonal antibodies were cytotoxic in vitro to putative LSCs from all AML subtypes, while showing limited to no toxicity against normal HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors. Since minimal residual disease appears to be a more homogeneous population of cells responsible for relapse, targeting CD123 in this setting may be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breann Yanagisawa
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandy Perkins
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mark Levis
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Douglas Smith
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard J Jones
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Antigen Design for Successful Isolation of Highly Challenging Therapeutic Anti-GPCR Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218240. [PMID: 33153215 PMCID: PMC7663707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) transmit extracellular signals into cells to regulate a variety of cellular functions and are closely related to the homeostasis of the human body and the progression of various types of diseases. Great attention has been paid to GPCRs as excellent drug targets, and there are many commercially available small-molecule chemical drugs against GPCRs. Despite this, the development of therapeutic anti-GPCR antibodies has been delayed and is challenging due to the difficulty in preparing active forms of GPCR antigens, resulting from their low cellular expression and complex structures. Here, we focus on anti-GPCR antibodies that have been approved or are subject to clinical trials and present various technologies to prepare active GPCR antigens that enable the isolation of therapeutic antibodies to proceed toward clinical validation.
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A cancer-specific anti-podocalyxin monoclonal antibody (60-mG 2a-f) exerts antitumor effects in mouse xenograft models of pancreatic carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100826. [PMID: 33088928 PMCID: PMC7559861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of podocalyxin (PODXL) is associated with progression, metastasis, and poor outcomes in several cancers. PODXL also plays an important role in the development of normal tissues. For antibody-based therapy to target PODXL-expressing cancers using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), cancer-specificity is necessary to reduce the risk of adverse effects to normal tissues. In this study, we developed an anti-PODXL cancer-specific mAb (CasMab), named as PcMab-60 (IgM, kappa) by immunizing mice with soluble PODXL, which is overexpressed in LN229 glioblastoma cells. The PcMab-60 reacted with the PODXL-overexpressing LN229 (LN229/PODXL) cells and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells in flow cytometry but did not react with normal vascular endothelial cells (VECs), whereas one of non-CasMabs, PcMab-47 showed high reactivity for not only LN229/PODXL and MIA PaCa-2 cells but also VECs, indicating that PcMab-60 is a CasMab. Next, we engineered PcMab-60 into a mouse IgG2a-type mAb, named as 60-mG2a, to add antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We further developed a core fucose-deficient type of 60-mG2a, named as 60-mG2a-f, to augment its ADCC activity. In vivo analysis revealed that 60-mG2a-f exerted antitumor activity in MIA PaCa-2 xenograft models at a dose of 100 μg/mouse/week administered three times. These results suggested that 60-mG2a-f could be useful for antibody-based therapy against PODXL-expressing pancreatic cancers. PODXL is associated with poor outcomes in several cancers. We developed an anti-PODXL cancer-specific mAb (PcMab-60). A core fucose-deficient IgG2a type of PcMab-60 (60-mG2a-f) exerted antitumor activity in MIA PaCa-2 xenograft models. 60-mG2a-f could be useful for antibody-based therapy against PODXL-expressing pancreatic cancers.
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Hutchings CJ. A review of antibody-based therapeutics targeting G protein-coupled receptors: an update. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:925-935. [PMID: 32264722 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1745770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play key roles in many biological functions and are linked to many diseases across all therapeutic areas. As such, GPCRs represent a significant opportunity for antibody-based therapeutics. AREAS COVERED The structure of the major GPCR families is summarized in the context of choice of antigen source employed in the drug discovery process and receptor biology considerations which may impact on targeting strategies. An overview of the therapeutic GPCR-antibody target landscape and the diversity of current therapeutic programs is provided along with summary case studies for marketed antibody drugs or those in advanced clinical studies. Antibodies in early clinical studies and the emergence of next-generation modalities are also highlighted. EXPERT OPINION The GPCR-antibody pipeline has progressed significantly with a number of technical developments enabling the successful resolution of some of the challenges previously encountered and this has contributed to the growing interest in antibody-based therapeutics addressing this target class.
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Function-based high-throughput screening for antibody antagonists and agonists against G protein-coupled receptors. Commun Biol 2020; 3:146. [PMID: 32218528 PMCID: PMC7099005 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridoma and phage display are two powerful technologies for isolating target-specific monoclonal antibodies based on the binding. However, for complex membrane proteins, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), binding-based screening rarely results in functional antibodies. Here we describe a function-based high-throughput screening method for quickly identifying antibody antagonists and agonists against GPCRs by combining glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored antibody cell display with β-arrestin recruitment-based cell sorting and screening. This method links antibody genotype with phenotype and is applicable to all GPCR targets. We validated this method by identifying a panel of antibody antagonists and an antibody agonist to the human apelin receptor from an immune antibody repertoire. In contrast, we obtained only neutral binders and antibody antagonists from the same repertoire by phage display, suggesting that the new approach described here is more efficient than traditional methods in isolating functional antibodies. This new method may create a new paradigm in antibody drug discovery. Ren et al. develop a function-based high-throughput screening method for identifying antibody antagonists and agonists against GPCRs by combining GPI-anchored antibody cell surface display and β-arrestin recruitment reporter assay. They identify a panel of antibody antagonists and an agonist to the human apelin receptor, which is not obtainable from phage display technology.
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40
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Characterization of IgG1 Fc Deamidation at Asparagine 325 and Its Impact on Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity and FcγRIIIa Binding. Sci Rep 2020; 10:383. [PMID: 31941950 PMCID: PMC6962426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an important mechanism of action for many therapeutic antibodies. A therapeutic immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 monoclonal antibody lost more than half of its ADCC activity after heat stress at 40 °C for 4 months. Size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography were used to fractionate various size and charge variants from the stressed IgG1. Physicochemical characterization of these fractions revealed that a rarely seen crystallizable fragment (Fc) modification, N325 deamidation, exhibited a positive correlation with the loss of ADCC activity. A further surface plasmon resonance study showed that this modification disrupted the binding between the IgG1 Fc and Fcγ receptor IIIa, resulting in decreased ADCC activity of the IgG1 antibody. Mutants of N325/D and N325/Q were made to confirm the effect of N325 deamidation on ADCC. We hypothesize that N325 deamidation altered the local three-dimensional structure, which might interfere with the binding and interaction with the effector cell. Because of its impact on biological activity, N325 deamidation is a critical quality attribute for products whose mechanism of action includes ADCC. A thorough understanding of the criticality of N325 deamidation and appropriate monitoring can help ensure the safety and efficacy of IgG1 or Fc-fusion products.
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Manabe Y, Marchetti R, Takakura Y, Nagasaki M, Nihei W, Takebe T, Tanaka K, Kabayama K, Chiodo F, Hanashima S, Kamada Y, Miyoshi E, Dulal HP, Yamaguchi Y, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Tanaka H, Silipo A, Fukase K, Molinaro A. The Core Fucose on an IgG Antibody is an Endogenous Ligand of Dectin‐1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and EducationProject Research Center for Fundamental SciencesGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Roberta Marchetti
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Yohei Takakura
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagasaki
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Wataru Nihei
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takebe
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and EducationProject Research Center for Fundamental SciencesGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDept. of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical InvestigationGraduate School of MedicineOsaka University 1–7 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical InvestigationGraduate School of MedicineOsaka University 1–7 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hari Prasad Dulal
- Structural Glycobiology TeamSystems Glycobiology Research GroupRIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical ChemistryTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University 4-4-1 Komatsushima Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Adachi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial ProductsSchool of PharmacyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial ProductsSchool of PharmacyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-H-101, Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and EducationProject Research Center for Fundamental SciencesGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
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42
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Manabe Y, Marchetti R, Takakura Y, Nagasaki M, Nihei W, Takebe T, Tanaka K, Kabayama K, Chiodo F, Hanashima S, Kamada Y, Miyoshi E, Dulal HP, Yamaguchi Y, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Tanaka H, Silipo A, Fukase K, Molinaro A. The Core Fucose on an IgG Antibody is an Endogenous Ligand of Dectin-1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18697-18702. [PMID: 31625659 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The core fucose, a major modification of N-glycans, is implicated in immune regulation, such as the attenuation of the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of antibody drugs and the inhibition of anti-tumor responses via the promotion of PD-1 expression on T cells. Although the core fucose regulates many biological processes, no core fucose recognition molecule has been identified in mammals. Herein, we report that Dectin-1, a known anti-β-glucan lectin, recognizes the core fucose on IgG antibodies. A combination of biophysical experiments further suggested that Dectin-1 recognizes aromatic amino acids adjacent to the N-terminal asparagine at the glycosylation site as well as the core fucose. Thus, Dectin-1 appears to be the first lectin-like molecule involved in the heterovalent and specific recognition of characteristic N-glycans on antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Roberta Marchetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Yohei Takakura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Wataru Nihei
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takebe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hari Prasad Dulal
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Adachi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H-101, Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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Utsunomiya A. Progress in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2235. [PMID: 31681185 PMCID: PMC6797831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of aggressive adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) remains poor because of frequent infections and drug resistance. Dose-intensified chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation failed to improve the prognosis of patients with ATL; however, we first revealed that allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) might improve their prognosis. We showed that reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation using peripheral blood was feasible for elderly patients. Further, the prognosis of patients in remission, who receive cord blood transplantation, has been recently improved and is equivalent to that of patients who receive transplants from other stem cell sources. As for the timing of HCT, the patients who underwent transplantation early showed better outcomes than those who underwent transplantation late. Based on the analysis of patients with aggressive ATL, including those who received transplants, we identified five prognostic factors for poor outcomes: acute-type ATL, poor performance status, high soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels, hypercalcemia, and high C-reactive protein level. Next, we developed a new prognostic index: the modified ATL-PI. The overall survival (OS) rates were significantly higher in patients who underwent allo-HCT than those who did not in the intermediate and high-risk groups stratified using the modified ATL-PI. Two new anti-cancer agents, mogamulizumab and lenalidomide, were recently approved for ATL patients in Japan. They are expected to induce longer survival in ATL patients when administered along with transplantation. However, a retrospective analysis that the risk of severe, acute, and corticosteroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease was higher in patients who received mogamulizumab before allo-HCT, and that mogamulizumab might increase the transplant-related mortality (TRM) rates and decrease the OS rates compared to those of patients who did not receive mogamulizumab. However, our recent study showed that administration of mogamulizumab before allo-HCT tended to improve the survival of patients with ATL. In conclusion, allo-HCT procedures for patients with aggressive ATL have considerably progressed and have helped improve the prognosis of these patients; however, many concerns still remain to be resolved. Further development of allo-HCT by using new molecular targeting agents is required for the improvement of cure rates in patients with ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
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44
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Yogo R, Yamaguchi Y, Watanabe H, Yagi H, Satoh T, Nakanishi M, Onitsuka M, Omasa T, Shimada M, Maruno T, Torisu T, Watanabe S, Higo D, Uchihashi T, Yanaka S, Uchiyama S, Kato K. The Fab portion of immunoglobulin G contributes to its binding to Fcγ receptor III. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11957. [PMID: 31420591 PMCID: PMC6697678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cells active in the immune system express receptors for antibodies which mediate a variety of defensive mechanisms. These receptors interact with the Fc portion of the antibody and are therefore collectively called Fc receptors. Here, using high-speed atomic force microscopy, we observe interactions of human, humanized, and mouse/human-chimeric immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies and their cognate Fc receptor, FcγRIIIa. Our results demonstrate that not only Fc but also Fab positively contributes to the interaction with the receptor. Furthermore, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometric analysis reveals that the Fab portion of IgG1 is directly involved in its interaction with FcγRIIIa, in addition to the canonical Fc-mediated interaction. By targeting the previously unidentified receptor-interaction sites in IgG-Fab, our findings could inspire therapeutic antibody engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Yogo
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Watanabe
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadashi Satoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Onitsuka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mari Shimada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Torisu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shio Watanabe
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 3-9 Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Daisuke Higo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 3-9 Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Saeko Yanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Koichi Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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Kawano N, Yoshida N, Kawano S, Arakawa F, Miyoshi H, Yamada K, Nakashima K, Yoshida S, Kuriyama T, Tochigi T, Nakaike T, Shimokawa T, Yamashita K, Marutsuka K, Mashiba K, Kikuchi I, Ohshima K. Clinical Features, Pathological Features, and Treatment Outcomes of 22 Patients with Aggressive Adult T-cell Leukemia-lymphoma Treated with a Humanized CCR4 Antibody (Mogamulizumab) at a Single Institution during a 6-year Period (2012-2018). Intern Med 2019; 58:2159-2166. [PMID: 30996180 PMCID: PMC6709313 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2513-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the clinical impact of humanized CCR4 antibody (mogamulizumab) on adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), we retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological features and treatment outcomes of aggressive ATL. Methods Twenty-two patients (median age: 65 years) with aggressive ATL [acute- (n=16) or lymphoma-type (n=6)] had their characteristics analyzed. All cases were treated with mogamulizumab at our institution from 2012 to 2018. In addition, we subjected 14 specimens of ATL to histological, immunological, and genetic analyses. Results Regarding the patient outcomes, the overall response rates were 68.1% and 31.8% after 4 and 8 courses (or after the final courses), respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 95.5 days, while the OS rates at 6 and 12 months were 31.5% and 21.1%, respectively. Concerning patient pathological characteristics, 6 of the 14 patients examined (42.9%) had CCR4 mutations. Regarding the clinicopathological findings related to the mogamulizumab response, notably, the cases with somatic CCR4 mutation tended to have a poorer response (16.7%) than those with wild-type CCR4 (62.5%) after 4 cycles of mogamulizumab. Furthermore, the CCR4 global score tended to be higher in the responder cases than in the non-responder cases. Conclusion The present findings suggest that the CCR4 expression may be related to the mogamulizumab response, although no other significant predictive markers were identified in this study. Further studies will be needed in order to identify more markers related to the mogamulizumab response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Kawano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University, Japan
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kawano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuro Yoshida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Takuro Kuriyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Taro Tochigi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakaike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shimokawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Kousuke Marutsuka
- Department of Pathology, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Koichi Mashiba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kikuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan
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Yanaka S, Yogo R, Inoue R, Sugiyama M, Itoh SG, Okumura H, Miyanoiri Y, Yagi H, Satoh T, Yamaguchi T, Kato K. Dynamic Views of the Fc Region of Immunoglobulin G Provided by Experimental and Computational Observations. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8030039. [PMID: 31544845 PMCID: PMC6784063 DOI: 10.3390/antib8030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a horseshoe-shaped homodimer, which interacts with various effector proteins, including Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). These interactions are critically dependent on the pair of N-glycans packed between the two CH2 domains. Fucosylation of these N-glycans negatively affects human IgG1-FcγRIIIa interaction. The IgG1-Fc crystal structures mostly exhibit asymmetric quaternary conformations with divergent orientations of CH2 with respect to CH3. We aimed to provide dynamic views of IgG1-Fc by performing long-timescale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which were experimentally validated by small-angle X-ray scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our simulation results indicated that the dynamic conformational ensembles of Fc encompass most of the previously reported crystal structures determined in both free and complex forms, although the major Fc conformers in solution exhibited almost symmetric, stouter quaternary structures, unlike the crystal structures. Furthermore, the MD simulations suggested that the N-glycans restrict the motional freedom of CH2 and endow quaternary-structure plasticity through multiple intramolecular interaction networks. Moreover, the fucosylation of these N-glycans restricts the conformational freedom of the proximal tyrosine residue of functional importance, thereby precluding its interaction with FcγRIIIa. The dynamic views of Fc will provide opportunities to control the IgG interactions for developing therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Yanaka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Rina Yogo
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Rintaro Inoue
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Satoru G Itoh
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hisashi Okumura
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyanoiri
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadashi Satoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
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Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies to Complex Membrane Protein Targets: Antigen Generation and Antibody Discovery Strategies. BioDrugs 2019; 32:339-355. [PMID: 29934752 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-018-0289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface membrane proteins comprise a wide array of structurally and functionally diverse proteins involved in a variety of important physiological and homeostatic processes. Complex integral membrane proteins, which are embedded in the lipid bilayer by multiple transmembrane-spanning helices, are represented by families of proteins that are important target classes for drug discovery. Such protein families include G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channels and transporters. Although these targets have typically been the domain of small-molecule drugs, the exquisite specificity of monoclonal antibodies offers a significant opportunity to selectively modulate these target proteins. Nevertheless, the isolation of antibodies with desired pharmacological functions has proved difficult because of technical challenges in preparing membrane protein antigens for antibody drug discovery. In this review, we describe recent progress in defining strategies for the generation of membrane protein antigens. We also describe antibody-isolation strategies that identify antibodies that bind the membrane protein and modulate protein function.
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Heukers R, De Groof TW, Smit MJ. Nanobodies detecting and modulating GPCRs outside in and inside out. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 57:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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49
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Abstract
Antibodies are immunoglobulins that play essential roles in immune systems. All antibodies are glycoproteins that carry at least one or more conserved N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans) at the Fc domain. Many studies have demonstrated that both the presence and fine structures of the attached glycans can exert a profound impact on the biological functions and therapeutic efficacy of antibodies. However, antibodies usually exist as mixtures of heterogeneous glycoforms that are difficult to separate in pure glycoforms. Recent progress in glycoengineering has provided useful methods that enable production of glycan-defined and site-selectively modified antibodies for functional studies and for improved therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights major approaches in glycoengineering of antibodies with a focus on recent advances in three areas: glycoengineering through glycan biosynthetic pathway manipulation, glycoengineering through in vitro chemoenzymatic glycan remodeling, and glycoengineering of antibodies for site-specific antibody-drug conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - John P Giddens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Tiezheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
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50
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Ureshino H, Kamachi K, Kimura S. Mogamulizumab for the Treatment of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2019; 19:326-331. [PMID: 30981611 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mogamulizumab, a defucosylated humanized monoclonal antibody against the C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), has been approved for the treatment of relapsed adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Compared with conventional chemotherapy, mogamulizumab monotherapy displayed more efficacy in relapsed ATL, making mogamulizumab a promising therapeutic agent. However, mogamulizumab could increase graft-versus-host disease, resulting in poor survival outcome in the allogenic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) setting. It is possible that the efficacy of mogamulizumab could be established by the occurrence of skin rashes and/or CCR4 mutational status. Hence, this study reviews the current treatment strategies for patients with ATL and focuses on the safety and efficacy (single-agent and combined with chemotherapy or allo-SCT) of mogamulizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ureshino
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Kazuharu Kamachi
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan
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