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Roy N, Paira P. Glutathione Depletion and Stalwart Anticancer Activity of Metallotherapeutics Inducing Programmed Cell Death: Opening a New Window for Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20670-20701. [PMID: 38764686 PMCID: PMC11097382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The cellular defense system against exogenous substances makes therapeutics inefficient as intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) or other free radicals produced by the therapeutics. In the cancer cell microenvironment, the intracellular GSH level becomes exceptionally high to fight against oxidative stress created by the production of ROS/RNS or any free radicals, which are the byproducts of intracellular redox reactions or cellular respiration processes. Thus, in order to maintain redox homeostasis for survival of cancer cells and their rapid proliferation, the GSH level starts to escalate. In this circumstance, the administration of anticancer therapeutics is in vain, as the elevated GSH level reduces their potential by reduction or by scavenging the ROS/RNS they produce. Therefore, in order to augment the therapeutic potential of anticancer agents against elevated GSH condition, the GSH level must be depleted by hook or by crook. Hence, this Review aims to compile precisely the role of GSH in cancer cells, the importance of its depletion for cancer therapy and examples of anticancer activity of a few selected metal complexes which are able to trigger cancer cell death by depleting the GSH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
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2
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Nevskaya AA, Purgatorio R, Borisova TN, Varlamov AV, Anikina LV, Obydennik AY, Nevskaya EY, Niso M, Colabufo NA, Carrieri A, Catto M, de Candia M, Voskressensky LG, Altomare CD. Nature-Inspired 1-Phenylpyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinoline Scaffold for Novel Antiproliferative Agents Circumventing P-Glycoprotein-Dependent Multidrug Resistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:539. [PMID: 38675499 PMCID: PMC11054433 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that some lamellarin-resembling annelated azaheterocyclic carbaldehydes and related imino adducts, sharing the 1-phenyl-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline (1-Ph-DHPIQ) scaffold, are cytotoxic in some tumor cells and may reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Herein, several novel substituted 1-Ph-DHPIQ derivatives were synthesized which carry carboxylate groups (COOH, COOEt), nitrile (CN) and Mannich bases (namely, morpholinomethyl derivatives) in the C2 position, as replacements of the already reported aldehyde group. They were evaluated for antiproliferative activity in four tumor cell lines (RD, HCT116, HeLa, A549) and for the ability of selectively inhibiting P-gp-mediated MDR. Lipophilicity descriptors and molecular docking calculations helped us in rationalizing the structure-activity relationships in the P-gp inhibition potency of the investigated 1-Ph-DHPIQs. As a main outcome, a morpholinomethyl Mannich base (8c) was disclosed which proved to be cytotoxic to all the tested tumor cell lines in the low micromolar range (IC50 < 20 μM) and to inhibit in vitro the efflux pumps P-gp and MRP1 responsible for MDR, with IC50s of 0.45 and 12.1 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa A. Nevskaya
- Organic Chemistry Department, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russia; (A.A.N.); (A.V.V.); (A.Y.O.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Rosa Purgatorio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (M.N.); (N.A.C.); (A.C.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Tatiana N. Borisova
- Organic Chemistry Department, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russia; (A.A.N.); (A.V.V.); (A.Y.O.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Alexey V. Varlamov
- Organic Chemistry Department, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russia; (A.A.N.); (A.V.V.); (A.Y.O.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Lada V. Anikina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the FSBIS of the Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of the RAS, 1 SevernyiProezd, Chernogolovk 142432, Russia;
| | - Arina Yu. Obydennik
- Organic Chemistry Department, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russia; (A.A.N.); (A.V.V.); (A.Y.O.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Elena Yu. Nevskaya
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Department, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russia;
| | - Mauro Niso
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (M.N.); (N.A.C.); (A.C.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Nicola A. Colabufo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (M.N.); (N.A.C.); (A.C.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Antonio Carrieri
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (M.N.); (N.A.C.); (A.C.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (M.N.); (N.A.C.); (A.C.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (M.N.); (N.A.C.); (A.C.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Leonid G. Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117198, Russia; (A.A.N.); (A.V.V.); (A.Y.O.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Cosimo D. Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (M.N.); (N.A.C.); (A.C.); (M.d.C.)
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3
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Fan W, Shao K, Luo M. Structural View of Cryo-Electron Microscopy-Determined ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in Human Multidrug Resistance. Biomolecules 2024; 14:231. [PMID: 38397468 PMCID: PMC10886794 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, acting as cellular "pumps," facilitate solute translocation through membranes via ATP hydrolysis. Their overexpression is closely tied to multidrug resistance (MDR), a major obstacle in chemotherapy and neurological disorder treatment, hampering drug accumulation and delivery. Extensive research has delved into the intricate interplay between ABC transporter structure, function, and potential inhibition for MDR reversal. Cryo-electron microscopy has been instrumental in unveiling structural details of various MDR-causing ABC transporters, encompassing ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2, as well as the recently revealed ABCC3 and ABCC4 structures. The newly obtained structural insight has deepened our understanding of substrate and drug binding, translocation mechanisms, and inhibitor interactions. Given the growing body of structural information available for human MDR transporters and their associated mechanisms, we believe it is timely to compile a comprehensive review of these transporters and compare their functional mechanisms in the context of multidrug resistance. Therefore, this review primarily focuses on the structural aspects of clinically significant human ABC transporters linked to MDR, with the aim of providing valuable insights to enhance the effectiveness of MDR reversal strategies in clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (W.F.); (K.S.)
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4
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Di Y, Deng R, Liu Z, Mao Y, Gao Y, Zhao Q, Wang S. Optimized strategies of ROS-based nanodynamic therapies for tumor theranostics. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122391. [PMID: 37995457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in regulating the metabolism of tumor growth, metastasis, death and other biological processes. ROS-based nanodynamic therapies (NDTs) are becoming attractive due to non-invasive, low side effects and tumor-specific advantages. NDTs have rapidly developed into numerous branches, such as photodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy and so on. However, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the limitations of existing sensitizers have greatly restricted the therapeutic effects of NDTs, which heavily rely on ROS levels. To address the limitations of NDTs, various strategies have been developed to increase ROS yield, which is an urgent aspect for the positive development of NDTs. In this review, the nanodynamic potentiation strategies in terms of unique properties and universalities of NDTs are comprehensively outlined. We mainly summarize the current dilemmas faced by each NDT and the respective solutions. Meanwhile, the NDTs universalities-based potentiation strategies and NDTs-based combined treatments are elaborated. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the key issues and challenges faced in the development and clinical transformation of NDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Di
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Ruizhu Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Yuling Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Yikun Gao
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qinfu Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
| | - Siling Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
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5
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Zhou X, An B, Lin Y, Ni Y, Zhao X, Liang X. Molecular mechanisms of ROS-modulated cancer chemoresistance and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115036. [PMID: 37354814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the main obstacle to achieving a cure in many cancer patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are master regulators of cancer development that act through complex mechanisms. Remarkably, ROS levels and antioxidant content are typically higher in drug-resistant cancer cells than in non-resistant and normal cells, and have been shown to play a central role in modulating drug resistance. Therefore, determining the underlying functions of ROS in the modulation of drug resistance will contribute to develop therapies that sensitize cancer resistant cells by leveraging ROS modulation. In this review, we summarize the notable literature on the sources and regulation of ROS production and highlight the complex roles of ROS in cancer chemoresistance, encompassing transcription factor-mediated chemoresistance, maintenance of cancer stem cells, and their impact on the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the potential of ROS-targeted therapies in overcoming tumor therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Biao An
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yanghong Ni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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6
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Di Giacomo C, Malfa GA, Tomasello B, Bianchi S, Acquaviva R. Natural Compounds and Glutathione: Beyond Mere Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1445. [PMID: 37507985 PMCID: PMC10376414 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The tripeptide glutathione plays important roles in many cell processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis; in fact, disorders in glutathione homeostasis are involved both in the etiology and in the progression of several human diseases, including cancer. Natural compounds have been found to modulate glutathione levels and function beyond their role as mere antioxidants. For example, certain compounds can upregulate the expression of glutathione-related enzymes, increase the availability of cysteine, the limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis, or directly interact with glutathione and modulate its function. These compounds may have therapeutic potential in a variety of disease states where glutathione dysregulation is a contributing factor. On the other hand, flavonoids' potential to deplete glutathione levels could be significant for cancer treatment. Overall, while natural compounds may have potential therapeutic and/or preventive properties and may be able to increase glutathione levels, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and their potential benefits for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. In this review, particular emphasis will be placed on phytochemical compounds belonging to the class of polyphenols, terpenoids, and glucosinolates that have an impact on glutathione-related processes, both in physiological and pathological conditions. These classes of secondary metabolites represent the most food-derived bioactive compounds that have been intensively explored and studied in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Giacomo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Antonio Malfa
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Bianchi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products (CERNUT), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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7
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Silic-Benussi M, Sharova E, Corradin A, Urso L, Raimondi V, Cavallari I, Buldini B, Francescato S, Minuzzo SA, D’Agostino DM, Ciminale V. Repurposing Verapamil to Enhance Killing of T-ALL Cells by the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030625. [PMID: 36978873 PMCID: PMC10045900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapies are needed for patients with T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) who do not respond to standard chemotherapy. Our previous studies showed that the mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decreases the levels of NADPH and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and induces apoptosis in T-ALL cells. Studies in T-ALL-xenografted NOD/SCID mice demonstrated that everolimus improved their response to the glucocorticoid (GC) dexamethasone. Here we show that verapamil, a calcium antagonist used in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, enhanced the effects of everolimus on ROS and cell death in T-ALL cell lines. The death-enhancing effect was synergistic and was confirmed in assays on a panel of therapy-resistant patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and primary samples from T-ALL patients. The verapamil-everolimus combination produced a dramatic reduction in the levels of G6PD and induction of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Studies of NOD/SCID mice inoculated with refractory T-ALL PDX cells demonstrated that the addition of verapamil to everolimus plus dexamethasone significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our results provide a rationale for repurposing verapamil in association with mTORC inhibitors and GC to treat refractory T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Silic-Benussi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.-B.); (V.C.)
| | | | | | - Loredana Urso
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vittoria Raimondi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Buldini
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Samuela Francescato
- Pediatric Hemato Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Department, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia A. Minuzzo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Donna M. D’Agostino
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.-B.); (V.C.)
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8
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Hanssen KM, Wheatley MS, Yu DMT, Conseil G, Norris MD, Haber M, Cole SPC, Fletcher JI. GSH facilitates the binding and inhibitory activity of novel multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) modulators. FEBS J 2022; 289:3854-3875. [PMID: 35080351 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MRP1 (ABCC1) is a membrane transporter that confers multidrug resistance in cancer cells by exporting chemotherapeutic agents, often in a reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent manner. This transport activity can be altered by compounds (modulators) that block drug transport while simultaneously stimulating GSH efflux by MRP1. In MRP1-expressing cells, modulator-stimulated GSH efflux can be sufficient to deplete GSH and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy, enhancing cancer cell death. Further development of clinically useful MRP1 modulators requires a better mechanistic understanding of modulator binding and its relationship to GSH binding and transport. Here, we explore the mechanism of two MRP1 small molecule modulators, 5681014 and 7914321, in relation to a bipartite substrate-binding cavity of MRP1. Binding of these modulators to MRP1 was dependent on the presence of GSH but not its reducing capacity. Accordingly, the modulators poorly inhibited organic anion transport by K332L-mutant MRP1, where GSH binding and transport is limited. However, the inhibitory activity of the modulators was also diminished by mutations that limit E2 17βG but spare GSH-conjugate binding and transport (W553A, M1093A, W1246A), suggesting overlap between the E2 17βG and modulator binding sites. Immunoblots of limited trypsin digests of MRP1 suggest that binding of GSH, but not the modulators, induces a conformation change in MRP1. Together, these findings support the model, in which GSH binding induces a conformation change that facilitates binding of MRP1 modulators, possibly in a proposed hydrophobic binding pocket of MRP1. This study may facilitate the structure-guided design of more potent and selective MRP1 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley M Hanssen
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Madeleine S Wheatley
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Denise M T Yu
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Gwenaëlle Conseil
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Canada
| | - Murray D Norris
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia.,University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Susan P C Cole
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
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9
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Targeting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): Functional inhibitors and expression modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Hanssen KM, Haber M, Fletcher JI. Targeting multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1)-expressing cancers: Beyond pharmacological inhibition. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 59:100795. [PMID: 34983733 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the most significant obstacles to successful cancer treatment. While inhibiting drug efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is a seemingly attractive and logical approach to combat multidrug resistance (MDR), small molecule inhibition of ABC transporters has so far failed to confer clinical benefit, despite considerable efforts by medicinal chemists, biologists, and clinicians. The long-sought treatment to eradicate cancers displaying ABC transporter overexpression may therefore lie within alternative targeting strategies. When aberrantly expressed, the ABC transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) confers MDR, but can also shift cellular redox balance, leaving the cell vulnerable to select agents. Here, we explore the physiological roles of MRP1, the rational for targeting this transporter in cancer, the development of small molecule MRP1 inhibitors, and the most recent developments in alternative therapeutic approaches for targeting cancers with MRP1 overexpression. We discuss approaches that extend beyond simple MRP1 inhibition by exploiting the collateral sensitivity to glutathione depletion and ferroptosis, the rationale for targeting the shared transcriptional regulators of both MRP1 and glutathione biosynthesis, advances in gene silencing, and new molecules that modulate transporter activity to the detriment of the cancer cell. These strategies illustrate promising new approaches to address multidrug resistant disease that extend beyond the simple reversal of MDR and offer exciting routes for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley M Hanssen
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Banerjee K, Choudhuri SK. A novel tin based hydroxamic acid complex induces apoptosis through redox imbalance and targets Stat3/JNK1/MMP axis to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:1018-1035. [PMID: 34865583 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.2013480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Undesired toxicity and emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) are the major impediments for the successful application of organotin-based compounds against cancer. Since oxalyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (OBPHA) exerts significant efficacy against cancer, we believe that derivatives of OBPHA including organotin molecule can show a promising effect against cancer. Herein, we have selected three previously characterized OBPHA derivatives viz., succinyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (SBPHA), diphenyl-tin succinyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (Sn-SBPHA), malonyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (MBPHA) and evaluated their antiproliferative efficacy against both drug resistant (CEM/ADR5000; EAC/Dox) and sensitive (CCRF-CEM; HeLa; EAC/S) cancers. Data revealed that Sn-SBPHA selectively targets drug resistant and sensitive cancers without inducing any significant toxicity to normal cells (Chang Liver). Moreover, shortening of the backbone of SBPHA enhances the efficacy of the newly formed molecule MBPHA by targeting only drug sensitive cancers. Sn-SBPHA induces caspase3-dependent apoptosis through redox-imbalance in both drug resistant and sensitive cancer. Sn-SBPHA also reduced the activation and expression of both MMP2 and MMP9 without altering the expression status of TIMP1 and TIMP2 in drug resistant cancer. In addition, Sn-SBPHA reduced the activation of both STAT3 and JNK1, the transcriptional modulator of MMPs, in a redox-dependent manner in CEM/ADR5000 cells. Thus, Sn-SBPHA targets MMPs by modulating STAT3 and JNK1 in a redox-dependent manner. However, MBPHA and SBPHA fail to target drug resistance and both drug resistant and sensitive cancer respectively. Furthermore, Sn-SBPHA significantly increases the lifespan of doxorubicin resistant and sensitive Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma bearing mice without inducing any significant systemic-toxicity. Therefore, Sn-SBPHA has the therapeutic potential to target and overcome MDR in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of In vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumitra Kumar Choudhuri
- Department of In vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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12
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Niu B, Liao K, Zhou Y, Wen T, Quan G, Pan X, Wu C. Application of glutathione depletion in cancer therapy: Enhanced ROS-based therapy, ferroptosis, and chemotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121110. [PMID: 34482088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an important member of cellular antioxidative system. In cancer cells, a high level of GSH is indispensable to scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and detoxify xenobiotics, which make it a potential target for cancer therapy. Plenty of studies have shown that loss of intracellular GSH makes cancer cells more susceptible to oxidative stress and chemotherapeutic agents. GSH depletion has been proved to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ROS-based therapy (photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and chemodynamic therapy), ferroptosis, and chemotherapy. In this review, various strategies for GSH depletion used in cancer therapy are comprehensively summarized and discussed. First, the functions of GSH in cancer cells are analyzed to elucidate the necessity of GSH depletion in cancer therapy. Then, the synthesis and metabolism of GSH are briefly introduced to bring up some crucial targets for GSH modulation. Finally, different approaches to GSH depletion in the literature are classified and discussed in detail according to their mechanisms. Particularly, functional materials with GSH-consuming ability based on nanotechnology are elaborated due to their unique advantages and potentials. This review presents the ingenious application of GSH-depleting strategy in cancer therapy for improving the outcomes of various therapeutic regimens, which may provide useful guidance for designing intelligent drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaixin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yixian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ting Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Cetin R, Quandt E, Kaulich M. Functional Genomics Approaches to Elucidate Vulnerabilities of Intrinsic and Acquired Chemotherapy Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020260. [PMID: 33525637 PMCID: PMC7912423 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a commonly unavoidable consequence of cancer treatment that results in therapy failure and disease relapse. Intrinsic (pre-existing) or acquired resistance mechanisms can be drug-specific or be applicable to multiple drugs, resulting in multidrug resistance. The presence of drug resistance is, however, tightly coupled to changes in cellular homeostasis, which can lead to resistance-coupled vulnerabilities. Unbiased gene perturbations through RNAi and CRISPR technologies are invaluable tools to establish genotype-to-phenotype relationships at the genome scale. Moreover, their application to cancer cell lines can uncover new vulnerabilities that are associated with resistance mechanisms. Here, we discuss targeted and unbiased RNAi and CRISPR efforts in the discovery of drug resistance mechanisms by focusing on first-in-line chemotherapy and their enforced vulnerabilities, and we present a view forward on which measures should be taken to accelerate their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronay Cetin
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt-Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Eva Quandt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt-Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-69-6301-5450
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14
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Riganti C, Giampietro R, Kopecka J, Costamagna C, Abatematteo FS, Contino M, Abate C. MRP1-Collateral Sensitizers as a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Resistant Cancer Therapy: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study in Lung Resistant Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093333. [PMID: 32397184 PMCID: PMC7247425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main obstacle to current chemotherapy and it is mainly due to the overexpression of some efflux transporters such as MRP1. One of the most studied strategies to overcome MDR has been the inhibition of MDR pumps through small molecules, but its translation into the clinic unfortunately failed. Recently, a phenomenon called collateral sensitivity (CS) emerged as a new strategy to hamper MDR acting as a synthetic lethality, where the genetic changes developed upon the acquisition of resistance towards a specific agent are followed by the development of hypersensitivity towards a second agent. Among our library of sigma ligands acting as MDR modulators, we identified three compounds, F397, F400, and F421, acting as CS-promoting agents. We deepened their CS mechanisms in the "pure" model of MRP1-expressing cells (MDCK-MRP1) and in MRP1-expressing/drug resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549/DX). The in vitro results demonstrated that (i) the three ligands are highly cytotoxic for MRP1-expressing cells; (ii) their effect is MRP1-mediated; (iii) they increase the cytotoxicity induced by cis-Pt, the therapeutic agent commonly used in the treatment of lung tumors; and (iv) their effect is ROS-mediated. Moreover, a preclinical in vivo study performed in lung tumor xenografts confirms the in vitro findings, making the three CS-promoting agents candidates for a novel therapeutic approach in lung resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.R.); (J.K.); (C.C.)
| | - Roberta Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (F.S.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.R.); (J.K.); (C.C.)
| | - Costanzo Costamagna
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.R.); (J.K.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesca Serena Abatematteo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (F.S.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (F.S.A.); (C.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmen Abate
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (F.S.A.); (C.A.)
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15
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Nasr R, Lorendeau D, Khonkarn R, Dury L, Pérès B, Boumendjel A, Cortay JC, Falson P, Chaptal V, Baubichon-Cortay H. Molecular analysis of the massive GSH transport mechanism mediated by the human Multidrug Resistant Protein 1/ABCC1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7616. [PMID: 32377003 PMCID: PMC7203140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transporter Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) is implicated in multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype of cancer cells. Glutathione (GSH) plays a key role in MRP1 transport activities. In addition, a ligand-stimulated GSH transport which triggers the death of cells overexpressing MRP1, by collateral sensitivity (CS), has been described. This CS could be a way to overcome the poor prognosis for patients suffering from a chemoresistant cancer. The molecular mechanism of such massive GSH transport and its connection to the other transport activities of MRP1 are unknown. In this context, we generated MRP1/MRP2 chimeras covering different regions, MRP2 being a close homolog that does not trigger CS. The one encompassing helices 16 and 17 led to the loss of CS and MDR phenotype without altering basal GSH transport. Within this region, the sole restoration of the original G1228 (D1236 in MRP2) close to the extracellular loop between the two helices fully rescued the CS (massive GSH efflux and cell death) but not the MDR phenotype. The flexibility of that loop and the binding of a CS agent like verapamil could favor a particular conformation for the massive transport of GSH, not related to other transport activities of MRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachad Nasr
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins group, IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS-University of Lyon, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Doriane Lorendeau
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins group, IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS-University of Lyon, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Ruttiros Khonkarn
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins group, IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS-University of Lyon, 69367, Lyon, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Lauriane Dury
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins group, IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS-University of Lyon, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Basile Pérès
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry (DPM), UMR 5063, Grenoble Alpes University, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry (DPM), UMR 5063, Grenoble Alpes University, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Claude Cortay
- INSERM U1052, CNRS-University of Lyon UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Falson
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins group, IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS-University of Lyon, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Chaptal
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins group, IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS-University of Lyon, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Baubichon-Cortay
- Drug Resistance and Membrane Proteins group, IBCP, UMR 5086, CNRS-University of Lyon, 69367, Lyon, France.
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16
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Cao JY, Poddar A, Magtanong L, Lumb JH, Mileur TR, Reid MA, Dovey CM, Wang J, Locasale JW, Stone E, Cole SPC, Carette JE, Dixon SJ. A Genome-wide Haploid Genetic Screen Identifies Regulators of Glutathione Abundance and Ferroptosis Sensitivity. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1544-1556.e8. [PMID: 30726737 PMCID: PMC6424331 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripeptide glutathione suppresses the iron-dependent, non-apoptotic cell death process of ferroptosis. How glutathione abundance is regulated in the cell and how this regulation alters ferroptosis sensitivity is poorly understood. Using genome-wide human haploid genetic screening technology coupled to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), we directly identify genes that regulate intracellular glutathione abundance and characterize their role in ferroptosis regulation. Disruption of the ATP binding cassette (ABC)-family transporter multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) prevents glutathione efflux from the cell and strongly inhibits ferroptosis. High levels of MRP1 expression decrease sensitivity to certain pro-apoptotic chemotherapeutic drugs, while collaterally sensitizing to all tested pro-ferroptotic agents. By contrast, disruption of KEAP1 and NAA38, leading to the stabilization of the transcription factor NRF2, increases glutathione levels but only weakly protects from ferroptosis. This is due in part to concomitant NRF2-mediated upregulation of MRP1. These results pinpoint glutathione efflux as an unanticipated regulator of ferroptosis sensitivity. Glutathione suppresses the non-apoptotic cell death process of ferroptosis. Using genome-wide human haploid cell mutagenesis and FACS-based detection, Cao et al. identify negative regulators of intracellular glutathione abundance that affect glutathione efflux and NRF2 protein levels, altering ferroptosis sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aunoy Poddar
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leslie Magtanong
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer H Lumb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Trevor R Mileur
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael A Reid
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cole M Dovey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Everett Stone
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Susan P C Cole
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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17
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Huff LM, Horibata S, Robey RW, Hall MD, Gottesman MM. Mycoplasma Infection Mediates Sensitivity of Multidrug-Resistant Cell Lines to Tiopronin: A Cautionary Tale. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1434-1439. [PMID: 31702923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that some, but not all, multidrug-resistant cells that overexpressed various drug-resistance transporters were collaterally sensitive to tiopronin. In recent follow-up studies, we discovered that sensitivity to tiopronin in the original study was mediated by infection of the cells by a human-specific strain of mycoplasma. These results strongly support the need to constantly monitor cells for mycoplasma infection and keep stored samples of all cells that are used for in vitro studies.
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18
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Efferth T, Saeed ME, Kadioglu O, Seo EJ, Shirooie S, Mbaveng AT, Nabavi SM, Kuete V. Collateral sensitivity of natural products in drug-resistant cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 38:107342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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3-benzazecine-based cyclic allene derivatives as highly potent P-glycoprotein inhibitors overcoming doxorubicin multidrug resistance. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2095-2106. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Enamino 3-benzazecine compounds, incorporating the C6-C8 allene system, were synthesized and evaluated in vitro as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and/or multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), two efflux pumps mainly connected with multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. Results & methodology: Most of the synthesized compounds were selective P-gp inhibitors in Calcein-AM uptake assay. Structure–activity relationships (SARs) pointed out that CO2Me derivatives are more potent than acetyl derivatives, and 10,11-dimethoxy compounds are five to tenfold more potent inhibitors than the respective unsubstituted compounds, and that the P-gp inhibition potency is mainly related to volume parameters. Conclusion: Nanomolar P-gp inhibitors, such as 23 (IC50 = 4.2 nM), restored the antiproliferative activity of doxorubicin in multidrug-resistant cells. The observed activities showed that 3-benzazecine-based compounds may be promising MDR reversers.
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20
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Gana CC, Hanssen KM, Yu DMT, Flemming CL, Wheatley MS, Conseil G, Cole SPC, Norris MD, Haber M, Fletcher JI. MRP1 modulators synergize with buthionine sulfoximine to exploit collateral sensitivity and selectively kill MRP1-expressing cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:237-248. [PMID: 31302132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the ABC transporter family, particularly P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) are well characterized mediators of multidrug resistance, however their pharmacological inhibition has so far failed as a clinical strategy. Harnessing collateral sensitivity, a form of synthetic lethality where cells with acquired multidrug resistance exhibit hypersensitivity to unrelated agents, may be an alternative approach to targeting multidrug resistant tumour cells. We characterized a novel small molecule modulator that selectively enhanced MRP1-dependent efflux of reduced glutathione (GSH), an endogenous MRP1 substrate. Using cell lines expressing high levels of endogenous MRP1 from three difficult to treat cancer types-lung cancer, ovarian cancer and high-risk neuroblastoma-we showed that the MRP1 modulator substantially lowered intracellular GSH levels as a single agent. The effect was on-target, as MRP1 knockdown abolished GSH depletion. The MRP1 modulator was synergistic with the GSH synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), with the combination exhausting intracellular GSH, increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abolishing clonogenic capacity. Clonogenicity was rescued by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, implicating GSH depletion in the effect. The MRP1 modulator in combination with BSO also strongly sensitized cancer cells to MRP1-substrate chemotherapeutic agents, particularly arsenic trioxide, and was more effective than either the MRP1 modulator or BSO alone. GSH-depleting MRP1 modulators may therefore provide an enhanced therapeutic window to treat chemo-resistant MRP1-overexpressing pediatric and adult cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Gana
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Hanssen
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Denise M T Yu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Claudia L Flemming
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Madeleine S Wheatley
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gwenaëlle Conseil
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Susan P C Cole
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
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21
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Wiese M, Stefan SM. The A‐B‐C of small‐molecule ABC transport protein modulators: From inhibition to activation—a case study of multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (ABCC1). Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2031-2081. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wiese
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Sven Marcel Stefan
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University of Bonn Bonn Germany
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22
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Ranjbar S, Khonkarn R, Moreno A, Baubichon-Cortay H, Miri R, Khoshneviszadeh M, Saso L, Edraki N, Falson P, Firuzi O. 5-Oxo-hexahydroquinoline derivatives as modulators of P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP transporters to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 362:136-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Tan KW, Sampson A, Osa-Andrews B, Iram SH. Calcitriol and Calcipotriol Modulate Transport Activity of ABC Transporters and Exhibit Selective Cytotoxicity in MRP1-overexpressing Cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1856-1866. [PMID: 30232176 PMCID: PMC7333660 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) can affect the efficacy and toxicity of a wide variety of drugs and are implicated in multidrug resistance (MDR). Eight test compounds, recently identified from an intramolecular FRET-based high throughput screening, were characterized for their interaction with MRP1. We report that the active metabolite of vitamin D3, calcitriol, and its analog calcipotriol are selectively cytotoxic to MRP1-overexpressing cells, besides inhibiting transport function of P-gp, MRP1, and BCRP. Calcitriol and calcipotriol consistently displayed a potent inhibitory activity on MRP1-mediated doxorubicin and calcein efflux in MRP1-overexpressing H69AR and HEK293/MRP1 cells. Vesicular transport studies confirmed a strong inhibitory effect of calcitriol and calcipotriol on MRP1-mediated uptake of tritium-labeled estradiol glucuronide and leukotriene C4. In cytotoxicity assays, MRP1-overexpressing cells exhibited hypersensitivity toward calcitriol and calcipotriol. Such collateral sensitivity, however, was not observed in HEK293/P-gp and HEK293/BCRP cells, although the vitamin D3 analogs inhibited calcein efflux in P-gp-overexpressing cells, and mitoxantrone efflux in BCRP-overexpressing cells. The selective cytotoxicity of calcitriol and calpotriol toward MRP1 over-expressing cells can be eliminated with MRP1 inhibitor MK571. Our data indicate a potential role of calcitriol and its analogs in targeting malignancies in which MRP1 expression is prominent and contributes to MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee W Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Angelina Sampson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Bremansu Osa-Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Surtaj H Iram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
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24
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Nevskaya AA, Matveeva MD, Borisova TN, Niso M, Colabufo NA, Boccarelli A, Purgatorio R, de Candia M, Cellamare S, Voskressensky LG, Altomare CD. A New Class of 1-Aryl-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline Derivatives as Reversers of P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Tumor Cells. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1588-1596. [PMID: 29802687 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of aza-heterocyclic compounds, which share the 5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline (DHPIQ) scaffold with members of the lamellarin alkaloid family, were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to reverse in vitro multidrug resistance in cancer cells through inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and/or multidrug-resistance-associated protein 1. Most of the investigated DHPIQ compounds proved to be selective P-gp modulators, and the most potent modulator, 8,9-diethoxy-1-(3,4-diethoxyphenyl)-3-(furan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-2-carbaldehyde, attained sub-micromolar inhibitory potency (IC50 : 0.19 μm). Schiff bases prepared by the condensation of some 1-aryl-DHPIQ aldehydes with p-aminophenol also proved to be of some interest, and one of them, 4-((1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-8,9-dimethoxypyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-yl)methyleneamino)phenol, had an IC50 value of 1.01 μm. In drug combination assays in multidrug-resistant cells, some DHPIQ compounds, at nontoxic concentrations, significantly increased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in a concentration-dependent manner. Studies of structure-activity relationships and investigation of the chemical stability of Schiff bases provided physicochemical information useful for molecular optimization of lamellarin-like cytotoxic drugs active toward chemoresistant tumors as well as nontoxic reversers of P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa A Nevskaya
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Maria D Matveeva
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Borisova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Mauro Niso
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola A Colabufo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelina Boccarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Purgatorio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Saverio Cellamare
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonid G Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Cosimo D Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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Stefan SM, Wiese M. Small-molecule inhibitors of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and related processes: A historic approach and recent advances. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:176-264. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Marcel Stefan
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Wiese
- Pharmaceutical Institute; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn Germany
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Leishmania LABCG2 transporter is involved in ATP-dependent transport of thiols. Biochem J 2018; 475:87-97. [PMID: 29162656 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Leishmania LABCG2 transporter has a key role in the redox metabolism of these protozoan parasites. Recently, the involvement of LABCG2 in virulence, autophagy and oxidative stress has been described. Null mutant parasites for LABCG2 present an increase in the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and trypanothione [T(SH)2]. On the other hand, parasites overexpressing LABCG2 transporter export non-protein thiols to the extracellular medium. To explore if LABCG2 may mediate an active transport of non-protein thiols, the effect of these molecules on ATPase activity of LABCG2 as well as the ability of LABCG2 to transport them was determined using a baculovirus-Sf9 insect cell system. Our results indicate that all thiols tested [GSH, T(SH)2] as well as their oxidized forms GSSG and TS2 (trypanothione disulfide) stimulate LABCG2-ATPase basal activity. We have measured the transport of [3H]-GSH in inside-out Sf9 cell membrane vesicles expressing LABCG2-GFP (green fluorescence protein), finding that LABCG2 was able to mediate a rapid and concentration-dependent uptake of [3H]-GSH in the presence of ATP. Finally, we have analyzed the ability of different thiol species to compete for this uptake, T(SH)2 and TS2 being the best competitors. The IC50 value for [3H]-GSH uptake in the presence of increasing concentrations of T(SH)2 was less than 100 μM, highlighting the affinity of this thiol for LABCG2. These results provide the first direct evidence that LABCG2 is an ABC transporter of reduced and oxidized non-protein thiols in Leishmania, suggesting that this transporter can play a role in the redox metabolism and related processes in this protozoan parasite.
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Paterna A, Khonkarn R, Mulhovo S, Moreno A, Madeira Girio P, Baubichon-Cortay H, Falson P, Ferreira MJU. Monoterpene indole alkaloid azine derivatives as MDR reversal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:421-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Banerjee K, Biswas MK, Choudhuri SK. A newly synthesized nickel chelate can selectively target and overcome multidrug resistance in cancer through redox imbalance both in vivo and in vitro. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:1223-1249. [PMID: 29063196 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Induction of undesired toxicity and emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) are the major obstacles for cancer treatment. Moreover, aggressive cancers are less sensitive towards existing chemotherapeutics. Therefore, selective targeting of cancers without inducing undesired side effects and designing proper strategies to overcome MDR has utmost importance in modern chemotherapy. Previously we revealed the anticancer properties of some transition metal chelates of Schiff base, but the effectiveness of nickel complex is still unrevealed. Herein, we synthesized and characterized a Schiff base nickel chelate, nickel-(II) N-(2-hydroxyacetophenone) glycinate (NiNG), through different spectroscopic means. NiNG proves to be a broad spectrum anticancer agent with considerable efficacy to overcome MDR in cancer. Antiproliferative effects of NiNG was evaluated using drug-resistant (CEM/ADR5000; NIH-MDR-G185; EAC/Dox), drug-sensitive aggressive (Hct116; CCRF-CEM; EAC/S) and normal (NIH-3T3) cells that reveal the selective nature of NiNG towards drug resistant and sensitive cancer cells without inducing any significant toxicity in normal cells. Moreover, NiNG involves reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated redox imbalance for induction of caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in aggressive drug-sensitive Hct116 and drug-resistant NIH-MDR-G185 cells through disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of NiNG at non-toxic doses caused significant increase in the life-span of Swiss albino mice bearing sensitive and doxorubicin-resistant subline of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. It is noteworthy that, in vitro NiNG can only overcome P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR while in vivo NiNG can overcome MRP1-mediated MDR in cancer. Therefore, NiNG has therapeutic potential to target and overcome MDR in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Manas Kumar Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumitra Kumar Choudhuri
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India.
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Ham SW, Jeon HY, Kim H. Verapamil augments carmustine- and irradiation-induced senescence in glioma cells by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species and calcium ion levels. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692244. [PMID: 28459217 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to conventional therapies and frequent recurrence are the major obstacles to the treatment of high-grade gliomas, including glioblastoma. Thus, the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome these obstacles is necessary to improve the treatment outcomes. In this study, we found that verapamil, a pan-adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter and L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel inhibitor, sensitized U87MG glioma cells to carmustine- and irradiation-induced senescence. Furthermore, our results indicated that verapamil treatment, in combination with carmustine and irradiation, rendered U87MG glioma cells and several patient-derived glioma stem cells more sensitive to therapy-induced senescence than individual or dual-combination treatments. When investigating the underlying mechanism, we found that verapamil treatment markedly decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species and calcium ion levels. Reactive oxygen species reduction with N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, rendered U87MG glioma cells more sensitive to carmustine and irradiation whereas the protein kinase C agonist, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, mitigated the effects of carmustine and irradiation. Taken together, our results indicate that verapamil may be a potent therapeutic sensitizer for increasing the effectiveness of glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Won Ham
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Jeon
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kania E, Pająk B, O'Prey J, Sierra Gonzalez P, Litwiniuk A, Urbańska K, Ryan KM, Orzechowski A. Verapamil treatment induces cytoprotective autophagy by modulating cellular metabolism. FEBS J 2017; 284:1370-1387. [PMID: 28342290 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Verapamil, an L-type calcium channel blocker, has been used successfully to treat cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, we have recently shown that treatment of cancer cells with verapamil causes an effect on autophagy. As autophagy is known to modulate chemotherapy responses, this prompted us to explore the impact of verapamil on autophagy and cell viability in greater detail. We report here that verapamil causes an induction of autophagic flux in a number or tumor cells and immortalized normal cells. Moreover, we found that inhibition of autophagy in COLO 205 cells, via treatment with the chloroquine (CQ) or by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of the autophagy genes Atg7 and Atg5, causes an upregulation of apoptotic markers in response to verapamil. In search of a mechanism for this effect and because autophagy can often mitigate metabolic stress, we examined the impact of verapamil on cellular metabolism. This revealed that in normal prostate cells, verapamil diminishes glucose and glycolytic intermediate levels leading to adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) depletion. In contrast, in COLO 205 cells it enhances aerobic glycolysis and maintains ATP. Importantly, we found that the autophagic response in these cells is related to the activity of l-lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA, EC 1.1.1.27), as inhibition of LDHA reduces both basal and verapamil-induced autophagy and consequently decreases cell viability. In summary, these findings not only identify a novel mechanism of cytoprotective autophagy induction but they also highlight the potential of using verapamil together with inhibitors of autophagy for the treatment of malignant disease. ENZYMES: l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA, EC 1.1.1.27).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Kania
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Electron Microscopy Platform, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pająk
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Electron Microscopy Platform, Warsaw, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jim O'Prey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Anna Litwiniuk
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Arkadiusz Orzechowski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Electron Microscopy Platform, Warsaw, Poland
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Poland
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31
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Pérès B, Nasr R, Zarioh M, Lecerf-Schmidt F, Di Pietro A, Baubichon-Cortay H, Boumendjel A. Ferrocene-embedded flavonoids targeting the Achilles heel of multidrug-resistant cancer cells through collateral sensitivity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 130:346-353. [PMID: 28273561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to develop anticancer agents acting selectively against resistant tumor cells, we investigated ferrocene embedded into chalcone, aurone and flavone skeletons. These compounds were conceived and then investigated based on the concept of collateral sensitivity, where the target is the Achilles Heel of cancer cells overexpressing the multidrug ABC transporter MRP1. The 14 synthesized compounds were evaluated for their ability to induce efflux of glutathione (GSH) from tumor cells overexpressing MRP1. When tested at 5 and 20 μM, at least one compound from each series was found to be a highly inducer of GSH efflux. The different compounds inducing a high efflux of GSH were evaluated on both sensitive and resistant cell lines, and two of them, belonging to the flavones class were found to be more cytotoxic on resistant cancer cells, with the best selectivity ratio >9.1. Our results bring chemical and biological bases for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Pérès
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - Rachad Nasr
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS-University of Lyon IBCP, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France.
| | - Malik Zarioh
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - Florine Lecerf-Schmidt
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - Attilio Di Pietro
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS-University of Lyon IBCP, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France.
| | - Hélène Baubichon-Cortay
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS-University of Lyon IBCP, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France.
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
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Wang X, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wei X. Farnesol induces apoptosis-like cell death in the pathogenic fungusAspergillus flavus. Mycologia 2017; 106:881-8. [PMID: 24895430 DOI: 10.3852/13-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuguang Zhou
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 3 1st West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 3 1st West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
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Pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives and purine analogs as novel activators of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1859:69-79. [PMID: 27810353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main cause of diminished success in cancer chemotherapy. ABC transport proteins are considered to be one important factor of MDR. Besides P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP, ABCG2), Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) is associated with non-response to chemotherapy in different cancers. While considerable effort was spent in overcoming MDR during the last two decades, almost nothing is known with respect to activators of transport proteins. In this work we present certain pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives with variations at positions 4 and 5 and purine analogs with variations at position 6 as novel activators of MRP1-mediated transport of the MRP1 substrate calcein AM and the anticancer drug daunorubicin in low nanomolar concentration range. Two different MRP1 overexpressing cell lines were used, the doxorubicin-selected human lung cancer cell line H69 AR and the transfected Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cell line MDCK II MRP1. No effect was observed in the sensitive counterparts H69 and MDCK II wild type (wt). Derivatives with higher molecular weight possessed also inhibitory properties at low micromolar concentrations, although most compounds were rather poor MRP1 inhibitors. Purine analogs derived from potent MRP1 inhibitors of the pyrrolopyrimidine class showed equal activating, but no inhibiting effects at all. All tested compounds were non-toxic and had only minor impact on P-gp or BCRP, showing no inhibition or activation.
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Flavonoid dimers are highly potent killers of multidrug resistant cancer cells overexpressing MRP1. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 124:10-18. [PMID: 27984000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
MRP1 overexpression in multidrug-resistant cancer cells has been shown to be responsible for collateral sensitivity to some flavonoids that stimulate a huge MRP1-mediated GSH efflux. This massive GSH depletion triggers the death of these cancer cells. We describe here that bivalent flavonoid dimers strikingly stimulate such MRP1-mediated GSH efflux and trigger a 50-100 fold more potent cell death than their corresponding monomers. This selective and massive cell death of MRP1-overexpressing cells (both transfected and drug-selected cell lines) is no longer observed either upon catalytic inactivation of MRP1 or its knockdown by siRNA. The best flavonoid dimer, 4e, kills MRP1-overexpressing cells with a selective ratio higher than 1000 compared to control cells and an EC50 value of 0.1 μM, so far unequaled as a collateral sensitivity agent targeting ABC transporters. This result portends the flavonoid dimer 4e as a very promising compound to appraise in vivo the therapeutic potential of collateral sensitivity for eradication of MRP1-overexpressing chemoresistant cancer cells in tumors.
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The LABCG2 Transporter from the Protozoan Parasite Leishmania Is Involved in Antimony Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:3489-96. [PMID: 27021316 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02813-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for leishmaniasis, which is caused by Leishmania protozoan parasites, currently relies on a reduced arsenal of drugs. However, the significant increase in the incidence of drug therapeutic failure and the growing resistance to first-line drugs like antimonials in some areas of Northern India and Nepal limit the control of this parasitic disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of resistance in Leishmania is now a matter of urgency to optimize drugs used and to identify novel drug targets to block or reverse resistant mechanisms. Some members of the family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in Leishmania have been associated with drug resistance. In this study, we have focused our interest to characterize LABCG2's involvement in drug resistance in Leishmania. Leishmania major parasites overexpressing the ABC protein transporter LABCG2 were generated in order to assess how LABCG2 is involved in drug resistance. Assays of susceptibility to different leishmanicidal agents were carried out. Analysis of the drug resistance profile revealed that Leishmania parasites overexpressing LABCG2 were resistant to antimony, as they demonstrated a reduced accumulation of Sb(III) due to an increase in drug efflux. Additionally, LABCG2 was able to transport thiols in the presence of Sb(III) Biotinylation assays using parasites expressing LABCG2 fused with an N-terminal green fluorescent protein tag revealed that LABCG2 is partially localized in the plasma membrane; this supports data from previous studies which suggested that LABCG2 is localized in intracellular vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis. In conclusion, Leishmania LABCG2 probably confers antimony resistance by sequestering metal-thiol conjugates within vesicles and through further exocytosis by means of the parasite's flagellar pocket.
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Zhao L, Zhao Y, Schwarz B, Mysliwietz J, Hartig R, Camaj P, Bao Q, Jauch KW, Guba M, Ellwart JW, Nelson PJ, Bruns CJ. Verapamil inhibits tumor progression of chemotherapy-resistant pancreatic cancer side population cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:99-110. [PMID: 27177126 PMCID: PMC4902079 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor side population (SP) cells display stem-like properties that can be modulated by treatment with the calcium channel blocker verapamil. Verapamil can enhance the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and multi-drug resistance by targeting the transport function of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This study focused on the therapeutic potential of verapamil on stem-like SP tumor cells, and further investigated its chemosensitizing effects using L3.6pl and AsPC-1 pancreatic carcinoma models. As compared to parental L3.6pl cells (0.9±0.22%), L3.6pl gemcitabine-resistant cells (L3.6plGres) showed a significantly higher percentage of SP cells (5.38±0.99%) as detected by Hoechst 33342/FACS assays. The L3.6plGres SP cells showed stable gemcitabine resistance, enhanced colony formation ability and increased tumorigenicity. Verapamil effectively inhibited L3.6plGres and AsPC-1 SP cell proliferation in vitro. A pro-apoptotic effect of verapamil was observed in L3.6pl cells, but not in L3.6plGres cells, which was linked to their differential expression of P-gp and equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT-1). In an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model, both low and high dose verapamil was shown to substantially reduce L3.6plGres-SP cell tumor growth and metastasis, enhance tumor apoptosis, and reduce microvascular density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Schwarz
- Department of Surgery, Munich Medical Center, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Mysliwietz
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Hartig
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Camaj
- Department of Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Qi Bao
- Department of Surgery, Munich Medical Center, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Walter Jauch
- Department of Surgery, Munich Medical Center, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Makus Guba
- Department of Surgery, Munich Medical Center, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Walter Ellwart
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Jon Nelson
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, Munich Medical Center, Campus Innenstadt, LMU, Munich, Germany
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Sun W, Bao J, Lin W, Gao H, Zhao W, Zhang Q, Leung CH, Ma DL, Lu J, Chen X. 2-Methoxy-6-acetyl-7-methyljuglone (MAM), a natural naphthoquinone, induces NO-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis by H2O2-dependent JNK activation in cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 92:61-77. [PMID: 26802903 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Redox signaling plays a fundamental role in maintaining cell physiological activities. A deregulation of this balance through oxidative stress or nitrosative stress has been implicated in cancer. Here, we reported that 2-methoxy-6-acetyl-7-methyl juglone (MAM), a natural naphthoquinone isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc, caused hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dependent activation of JNK and induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), thereby leading to nitric oxide (NO) generation in multiple cancer cells. Nitrosative stress induced necroptosis in A549 lung cancer cells, but resulted in caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis in B16-F10 melanoma and MCF7 breast cancer cells. In addition, a decrease in GSH/GSSG levels accompanied with increased ROS production was observed. Reversal of ROS generation and cell death in GSH pretreated cells indicated the involvement of GSH depletion in MAM mediated cytotoxicity. In summary, a natural product MAM induced NO-dependent multiple forms of cell death in cancer cells mediated by H2O2-dependent JNK activation in cancer cells. GSH depletion might play an initial role in MAM-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jinjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Calcium homeostasis and ER stress in control of autophagy in cancer cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:352794. [PMID: 25821797 PMCID: PMC4363509 DOI: 10.1155/2015/352794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a basic catabolic process, serving as an internal engine during responses to various cellular stresses. As regards cancer, autophagy may play a tumor suppressive role by preserving cellular integrity during tumor development and by possible contribution to cell death. However, autophagy may also exert oncogenic effects by promoting tumor cell survival and preventing cell death, for example, upon anticancer treatment. The major factors influencing autophagy are Ca2+ homeostasis perturbation and starvation. Several Ca2+ channels like voltage-gated T- and L-type channels, IP3 receptors, or CRAC are involved in autophagy regulation. Glucose transporters, mainly from GLUT family, which are often upregulated in cancer, are also prominent targets for autophagy induction. Signals from both Ca2+ perturbations and glucose transport blockage might be integrated at UPR and ER stress activation. Molecular pathways such as IRE 1-JNK-Bcl-2, PERK-eIF2α-ATF4, or ATF6-XBP 1-ATG are related to autophagy induced through ER stress. Moreover ER molecular chaperones such as GRP78/BiP and transcription factors like CHOP participate in regulation of ER stress-mediated autophagy. Autophagy modulation might be promising in anticancer therapies; however, it is a context-dependent matter whether inhibition or activation of autophagy leads to tumor cell death.
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Nguyen ST, Nguyen HL, Pham VQ, Nguyen GT, Tran CDT, Phan NK, Pham PV. Targeting specificity of dendritic cells on breast cancer stem cells: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:323-34. [PMID: 25674007 PMCID: PMC4321654 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s77554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women, and almost all complications are due to chemotherapy resistance. Drug-resistant cells with stem cell phenotypes are thought to cause failure in breast cancer chemotherapy. Dendritic cell (DC) therapy is a potential approach to eradicate these cells. This study evaluates the specificity of DCs for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in vitro and in vivo. BCSCs were enriched by a verapamil-resistant screening method, and reconfirmed by ALDH expression analysis and mammosphere assay. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from allogeneic murine bone marrow. DCs were induced from bone marrow-derived monocytes with 20 ng/mL GC-MSF and 20 ng/mL IL-4. Immature DCs were primed with BCSC- or MSC-derived antigens to make two kinds of mature DCs: BCSC-DCs and MSC-DCs, respectively. In vitro ability of BCSC-DCs and MSC-DCs with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to inhibit BCSCs was tested using the xCELLigence technique. In vivo, BCSC-DCs and MSC-DCs were transfused into the peripheral blood of BCSC tumor-bearing mice. The results show that in vitro BCSC-DCs significantly inhibited BCSC proliferation at a DC:CTL ratio of 1:40, while MSC-DCs nonsignificantly decreased BCSC proliferation. In vivo, tumor sizes decreased from 18.8% to 23% in groups treated with BCSC-DCs; in contrast, tumors increased 14% in the control group (RPMI 1640) and 47% in groups treated with MSC-DCs. The results showed that DC therapy could target and be specific to BCSCs. DCs primed with MSCs could trigger tumor growth. These results also indicate that DCs may be a promising therapy for treating drug-resistant cancer cells as well as cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinh Truong Nguyen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Lam Nguyen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Viet Quoc Pham
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thuy Nguyen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Do-Thanh Tran
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Kim Phan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ; Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Van Pham
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ; Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Lok HC, Sahni S, Richardson V, Kalinowski DS, Kovacevic Z, Lane DJR, Richardson DR. Glutathione S-transferase and MRP1 form an integrated system involved in the storage and transport of dinitrosyl-dithiolato iron complexes in cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:14-29. [PMID: 25035074 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen monoxide (NO) is vital for many essential biological processes as a messenger and effector molecule. The physiological importance of NO is the result of its high affinity for iron in the active sites of proteins such as guanylate cyclase. Indeed, NO possesses a rich coordination chemistry with iron and the formation of dinitrosyl-dithiolato iron complexes (DNICs) is well documented. In mammals, NO generated by cytotoxic activated macrophages has been reported to play a role as a cytotoxic effector against tumor cells by binding and releasing intracellular iron. Studies from our laboratory have shown that two proteins traditionally involved in drug resistance, namely multidrug-resistance protein 1 and glutathione S-transferase, play critical roles in intracellular NO transport and storage through their interaction with DNICs (R.N. Watts et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:7670-7675, 2006; H. Lok et al., J. Biol. Chem. 287:607-618, 2012). Notably, DNICs are present at high concentrations in cells and are biologically available. These complexes have a markedly longer half-life than free NO, making them an ideal "common currency" for this messenger molecule. Considering the many critical roles NO plays in health and disease, a better understanding of its intracellular trafficking mechanisms will be vital for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lok
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - V Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Z Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Glutathione depletion regulates both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling cascades independent from multidrug resistance protein 1. Apoptosis 2014; 19:117-34. [PMID: 24146141 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) depletion is an important hallmark of apoptosis. We previously demonstrated that GSH depletion, by its efflux, regulates apoptosis by modulation of executioner caspase activity. However, both the molecular identity of the GSH transporter(s) involved and the signaling cascades regulating GSH loss remain obscure. We sought to determine the role of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) in GSH depletion and its regulatory role on extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. In human lymphoma cells, GSH depletion was stimulated rather than inhibited by pharmacological blockage of MRP1 with MK571. GSH loss was dependent on initiator caspases 8 and 9 activity. Genetic knock-down (>60 %) of MRP1 by stable transfection with short hairpin small interfering RNA significantly reduced MRP1 protein levels, which correlated directly with the loss of MRP1-mediated anion transport. However, GSH depletion and apoptosis induced by both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways were not affected by MRP1 knock-down. Interestingly, stimulation of GSH loss by MK571 also enhanced the initiator phase of apoptosis by stimulating initiator caspase 8 and 9 activity and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 interacting domain cleavage. Our results clearly show that caspase-dependent GSH loss and apoptosis are not mediated by MRP1 proteins and that GSH depletion stimulates the initiation phase of apoptosis in lymphoid cells.
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Lorendeau D, Dury L, Genoux-Bastide E, Lecerf-Schmidt F, Simões-Pires C, Carrupt PA, Terreux R, Magnard S, Di Pietro A, Boumendjel A, Baubichon-Cortay H. Collateral sensitivity of resistant MRP1-overexpressing cells to flavonoids and derivatives through GSH efflux. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:235-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Szakács G, Hall MD, Gottesman MM, Boumendjel A, Kachadourian R, Day BJ, Baubichon-Cortay H, Di Pietro A. Targeting the Achilles heel of multidrug-resistant cancer by exploiting the fitness cost of resistance. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5753-74. [PMID: 24758331 PMCID: PMC4059772 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary
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Gauthier C, Ozvegy-Laczka C, Szakacs G, Sarkadi B, Di Pietro A. ABCG2 is not able to catalyze glutathione efflux and does not contribute to GSH-dependent collateral sensitivity. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:138. [PMID: 24312054 PMCID: PMC3819521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCG2 is a key human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter mediating cancer cell chemoresistance. In the case of ABCC1, another multidrug transporter, earlier findings documented that certain modulators greatly increase ABCC1-mediated glutathione (GSH) efflux and, upon depletion of intracellular GSH, induce "collateral sensitivity" leading to the apoptosis of multidrug resistant cells. Recently, it has been suggested that ABCG2 may mediate an active GSH transport. In order to explore if ABCG2-overexpressing cells may be similarly targeted, we first looked for the effects of ABCG2 expression on cellular GSH levels, and for an ABCG2-dependent GSH transport in HEK293 and MCF7 cells. We found that, while ABCG2 overexpression altered intracellular GSH levels in these transfected or drug-selected cells, ABCG2 inhibitors or transport modulators did not influence GSH efflux. We then performed direct measurements of drug-stimulated ATPase activity and (3)H-GSH transport in inside-out membrane vesicles of human ABC transporter-overexpressing Sf9 insect cells. Our results indicate that ABCG2-ATPase is not modulated by GSH and, in contrast to ABCC1, ABCG2 does not catalyze any significant GSH transport. Our data suggest no direct interaction between the ABCG2 transporter and GSH, although a long-term modulation of cellular GSH by ABCG2 cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gauthier
- Drug Resistance Mechanism and Modulation Group, Ligue 2013 Certified, Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux, UMR5086, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, University of Lyon Lyon, France
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Daflon-Yunes N, Pinto-Silva FE, Vidal RS, Novis BF, Berguetti T, Lopes RRS, Polycarpo C, Rumjanek VM. Characterization of a multidrug-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cell line presenting multiple resistance mechanisms. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 383:123-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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46
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Lo YL, Wang W. Formononetin potentiates epirubicin-induced apoptosis via ROS production in HeLa cells in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:188-97. [PMID: 23867903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The frequent development of multidrug resistance (MDR) hampers the efficacy of available anticancer drugs in treating cervical cancer. In this study, we aimed to use formononetin (7-hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone), a potential herbal isoflavone, to intensify the chemosensitivity of human cervical cancer HeLa cells to epirubicin, an anticancer drug. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were correlated with MDR modulation mechanisms, including the transporter inhibition and apoptosis induction. Our results revealed that formononetin significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of epirubicin. Co-incubation of epirubicin with formononetin increased the ROS levels, including hydrogen peroxide and superoxide free radicals. Epirubicin alone markedly increased the mRNA expression of MDR1, MDR-associated protein (MRP) 1, and MRP2. In contrast, formononetin alone or combined treatment decreased the mRNA expression of MRP1 and MRP2. This result indicates that efflux transporter-mediated epirubicin resistance is inhibited at different degrees by the addition of formononetin. This isoflavone significantly intensified epirubicin uptake into HeLa cells. Apoptosis was induced by formononetin and/or epirubicin, as signified by nuclear DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, increased sub-G1 and G2/M phases. The cotreatment triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway indicated by increased Bax-to-Bcl-2 expression ratio, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and significant activation of caspase-9 and -3. In addition, extrinsic/caspases-8 apoptotic pathway was also induced by the cotreatment. N-acetyl cysteine abrogated these events induced by formononetin, supporting the involvement of ROS in the MDR reversal mechanism. This study pioneered in demonstrating that formononetin may potentiate the cytotoxicity of epirubicin in HeLa cells through the ROS-mediated MRP inhibition and concurrent activation of the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways of apoptosis. Hence, the circumvention of pump and non-pump resistance using formononetin and epirubicin may pave the way for a powerful chemotherapeutic regimen for treating human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Lo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan ROC.
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Dai BD, Wang Y, Zhao LX, Li DD, Li MB, Cao YB, Jiang YY. Cap1p attenuates the apoptosis of Candida albicans. FEBS J 2013; 280:2633-43. [PMID: 23517286 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen and its apoptosis is inducible by environmental stress. Based on our previous finding that transcription factor Cap1p was involved in baicalein-induced apoptosis, the present study aimed to further clarify the role of Cap1p in apoptosis by observing the impact of CAP1 deletion on cell fate. It was found that apoptotic stimulation with amphotericin B, acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide increased the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells, caspase activity and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, whereas it decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP level in the cap1Δ/Δ mutant. The cell fate was, at least partly, caused by glutathione depletion and attenuation of the expression of the glutathione reductase gene in the cap1Δ/Δ mutant. Collectively, our data suggest that Cap1p participated in the apoptosis of C. albicans by regulating the expression of the glutathione reductase gene and glutathione content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Di Dai
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Volume-sensitive anion channels mediate osmosensitive glutathione release from rat thymocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55646. [PMID: 23383255 PMCID: PMC3559474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a negatively charged tripeptide, which is a major determinant of the cellular redox state and defense against oxidative stress. It is assembled inside and degraded outside the cells and is released under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The GSH release mechanism is poorly understood at present. In our experiments, freshly isolated rat thymocytes were found to release GSH under normal isotonic conditions at a low rate of 0.82±0.07 attomol/cell/min and that was greatly enhanced under hypoosomotic stimulation to reach a level of 6.1±0.4 attomol/cell/min. The swelling-induced GSH release was proportional to the cell density in the suspension and was temperature-dependent with relatively low activation energy of 5.4±0.6 kcal/mol indicating a predominant diffusion mechanism of GSH translocation. The osmosensitive release of GSH was significantly inhibited by blockers of volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) anion channel, DCPIB and phloretin. In patch-clamp experiments, osmotic swelling activated large anionic conductance with the VSOR channel phenotype. Anion replacement studies suggested that the thymic VSOR anion channel is permeable to GSH(-) with the permeability ratio P(GSH)/P(Cl) of 0.32 for influx and 0.10 for efflux of GSH. The osmosensitive GSH release was trans-stimulated by SLCO/OATP substrates, probenecid, taurocholic acid and estrone sulfate, and inhibited by an SLC22A/OAT blocker, p-aminohippuric acid (PAH). The inhibition by PAH was additive to the effect of DCPIB or phloretin implying that PAH and DCPIB/phloretin affected separate pathways. We suggest that the VSOR anion channel constitutes a major part of the γ-glutamyl cycle in thymocytes and, in cooperation with OATP-like and OAT-like transporters, provides a pathway for the GSH efflux from osmotically swollen cells.
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Saeed M, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Collateral Sensitivity in Drug-Resistant Tumor Cells. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7070-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutathione (GSH) depletion is a central signaling event that regulates the activation of cell death pathways. GSH depletion is often taken as a marker of oxidative stress and thus, as a consequence of its antioxidant properties scavenging reactive species of both oxygen and nitrogen (ROS/RNS). RECENT ADVANCES There is increasing evidence demonstrating that GSH loss is an active phenomenon regulating the redox signaling events modulating cell death activation and progression. CRITICAL ISSUES In this work, we review the role of GSH depletion by its efflux, as an important event regulating alterations in the cellular redox balance during cell death independent from oxidative stress and ROS/RNS formation. We discuss the mechanisms involved in GSH efflux during cell death progression and the redox signaling events by which GSH depletion regulates the activation of the cell death machinery. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The evidence summarized here clearly places GSH transport as a central mechanism mediating redox signaling during cell death progression. Future studies should be directed toward identifying the molecular identity of GSH transporters mediating GSH extrusion during cell death, and addressing the lack of sensitive approaches to quantify GSH efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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