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Ogilvie LM, Coyle-Asbil B, Brunt KR, Petrik J, Simpson JA. Therapy-naïve malignancy causes cardiovascular disease: a state-of-the-art cardio-oncology perspective. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1515-H1537. [PMID: 38639740 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00795.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Although generally thought of as distinct diseases, the intersectional overlap between CVD and cancer is increasingly evident in both causal and mechanistic relationships. The field of cardio-oncology is largely focused on the cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapies (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation). Furthermore, the cumulative effects of cardiotoxic therapy exposure and the prevalence of CVD risk factors in patients with cancer lead to long-term morbidity and poor quality of life in this patient population, even when patients are cancer-free. Evidence from patients with cancer and animal models demonstrates that the presence of malignancy itself, independent of cardiotoxic therapy exposure or CVD risk factors, negatively impacts cardiac structure and function. As such, the primary focus of this review is the cardiac pathophysiological and molecular features of therapy-naïve cancer. We also summarize the strengths and limitations of preclinical cancer models for cardio-oncology research and discuss therapeutic strategies that have been tested experimentally for the treatment of cancer-induced cardiac atrophy and dysfunction. Finally, we explore an adjacent area of interest, called "reverse cardio-oncology," where the sequelae of heart failure augment cancer progression. Here, we emphasize the cross-disease communication between malignancy and the injured heart and discuss the importance of chronic low-grade inflammation and endocrine factors in the progression of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Ogilvie
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bridget Coyle-Asbil
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jim Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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2
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Diba P, Sattler AL, Korzun T, Habecker BA, Marks DL. Unraveling the lost balance: Adrenergic dysfunction in cancer cachexia. Auton Neurosci 2024; 251:103136. [PMID: 38071925 PMCID: PMC10883135 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia, characterized by muscle wasting and widespread inflammation, poses a significant challenge for patients with cancer, profoundly impacting both their quality of life and treatment management. However, existing treatment modalities remain very limited, accentuating the necessity for innovative therapeutic interventions. Many recent studies demonstrated that changes in autonomic balance is a key driver of cancer cachexia. This review consolidates research findings from investigations into autonomic dysfunction across cancer cachexia, spanning animal models and patient cohorts. Moreover, we explore therapeutic strategies involving adrenergic receptor modulation through receptor blockers and agonists. Mechanisms underlying adrenergic hyperactivity in cardiac and adipose tissues, influencing tissue remodeling, are also examined. Looking ahead, we present a perspective for future research that delves into autonomic dysregulation in cancer cachexia. This comprehensive review highlights the urgency of advancing research to unveil innovative avenues for combatting cancer cachexia and improving patient well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Diba
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481 Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ariana L Sattler
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481 Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Tetiana Korzun
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481 Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481 Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
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3
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Wang Y, Dong Z, An Z, Jin W. Cancer cachexia: Focus on cachexia factors and inter-organ communication. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:44-62. [PMID: 37968131 PMCID: PMC10766315 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome and closely related to changes in signal communication between organs, which is mediated by cancer cachexia factors. Cancer cachexia factors, being the general name of inflammatory factors, circulating proteins, metabolites, and microRNA secreted by tumor or host cells, play a role in secretory or other organs and mediate complex signal communication between organs during cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia factors are also a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of cachexia is unclear and no clear effective treatment is available. Thus, the treatment of cancer cachexia from the perspective of the tumor ecosystem rather than from the perspective of a single molecule and a single organ is urgently needed. From the point of signal communication between organs mediated by cancer cachexia factors, finding a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer cachexia is of great significance to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. This review begins with cancer cachexia factors released during the interaction between tumor and host cells, and provides a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for cancer cachexia, along with a particular sight on multi-organ signal communication mediated by cancer cachexia factors. This summary aims to deepen medical community's understanding of cancer cachexia and may conduce to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zikai Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ziyi An
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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4
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de Lima Junior EA, Teixeira AADS, Silveira LS, Jové Q, Ladrón NÁ, Pereira MG, López-Soriano FJ, Argilés JM, Brum PC, Busquets S, Neto JCR. Formoterol reduces muscle wasting in mice undergoing doxorubicin chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1237709. [PMID: 38234397 PMCID: PMC10791811 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1237709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Even though doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy promotes intense muscle wasting, this drug is still widely used in clinical practice due to its remarkable efficiency in managing cancer. On the other hand, intense muscle loss during the oncological treatment is considered a bad prognosis for the disease's evolution and the patient's quality of life. In this sense, strategies that can counteract the muscle wasting induced by DOX are essential. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of formoterol (FOR), a β2-adrenoceptor agonist, in managing muscle wasting caused by DOX. Methods and results To evaluate the effect of FOR on DOX-induced muscle wasting, mice were treated with DOX (2.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p. administration, twice a week), associated or not to FOR treatment (1 mg/kg b.w., s.c. administration, daily). Control mice received vehicle solution. A combination of FOR treatment with DOX protected against the loss of body weight (p<0.05), muscle mass (p<0.001), and grip force (p<0.001) promoted by chemotherapy. FOR also attenuated muscle wasting (p<0.01) in tumor-bearing mice on chemotherapy. The potential mechanism by which FOR prevented further DOX-induced muscle wasting occurred by regulating Akt/FoxO3a signaling and gene expression of atrogenes in skeletal muscle. Conclusions Collectively, our results suggest that FOR can be used as a pharmacological strategy for managing muscle wasting induced by DOX. This study provides new insights into the potential therapeutic use of FOR to improve the overall wellbeing of cancer patients undergoing DOX chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Alves de Lima Junior
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Loreana Sanches Silveira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Queralt Jové
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Molecular Biomedicine, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Biomedicina de la Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Álvarez Ladrón
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Molecular Biomedicine, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Biomedicina de la Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo G. Pereira
- Leeds School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Javier López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Molecular Biomedicine, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Biomedicina de la Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Molecular Biomedicine, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Biomedicina de la Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrícia Chakur Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Molecular Biomedicine, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Biomedicina de la Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Cesar Rosa Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bijwadia SR, Raymond‐Pope CJ, Basten AM, Lentz MT, Lillquist TJ, Call JA, Greising SM. Exploring skeletal muscle tolerance and whole-body metabolic effects of FDA-approved drugs in a volumetric muscle loss model. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15756. [PMID: 37332022 PMCID: PMC10277213 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is associated with persistent functional impairment due to a lack of de novo muscle regeneration. As mechanisms driving the lack of regeneration continue to be established, adjunctive pharmaceuticals to address the pathophysiology of the remaining muscle may offer partial remediation. Studies were designed to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of two FDA-approved pharmaceutical modalities to address the pathophysiology of the remaining muscle tissue after VML injury: (1) nintedanib (an anti-fibrotic) and (2) combined formoterol and leucine (myogenic promoters). Tolerance was first established by testing low- and high-dosage effects on uninjured skeletal muscle mass and myofiber cross-sectional area in adult male C57BL/6J mice. Next, tolerated doses of the two pharmaceutical modalities were tested in VML-injured adult male C57BL/6J mice after an 8-week treatment period for their ability to modulate muscle strength and whole-body metabolism. The most salient findings indicate that formoterol plus leucine mitigated the loss in muscle mass, myofiber number, whole-body lipid oxidation, and muscle strength, and resulted in a higher whole-body metabolic rate (p ≤ 0.016); nintedanib did not exacerbate or correct aspects of the muscle pathophysiology after VML. This supports ongoing optimization efforts, including scale-up evaluations of formoterol treatment in large animal models of VML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alec M. Basten
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Mason T. Lentz
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Jarrod A. Call
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Regenerative Bioscience CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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Martin A, Gallot YS, Freyssenet D. Molecular mechanisms of cancer cachexia-related loss of skeletal muscle mass: data analysis from preclinical and clinical studies. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1150-1167. [PMID: 36864755 PMCID: PMC10235899 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a systemic hypoanabolic and catabolic syndrome that diminishes the quality of life of cancer patients, decreases the efficiency of therapeutic strategies and ultimately contributes to decrease their lifespan. The depletion of skeletal muscle compartment, which represents the primary site of protein loss during cancer cachexia, is of very poor prognostic in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an extensive and comparative analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in human cachectic cancer patients and in animal models of cancer cachexia. We summarize data from preclinical and clinical studies investigating how the protein turnover is regulated in cachectic skeletal muscle and question to what extent the transcriptional and translational capacities, as well as the proteolytic capacity (ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosome system and calpains) of skeletal muscle are involved in the cachectic syndrome in human and animals. We also wonder how regulatory mechanisms such as insulin/IGF1-AKT-mTOR pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, oxidative stress, inflammation (cytokines and downstream IL1ß/TNFα-NF-κB and IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathways), TGF-ß signalling pathways (myostatin/activin A-SMAD2/3 and BMP-SMAD1/5/8 pathways), as well as glucocorticoid signalling, modulate skeletal muscle proteostasis in cachectic cancer patients and animals. Finally, a brief description of the effects of various therapeutic strategies in preclinical models is also provided. Differences in the molecular and biochemical responses of skeletal muscle to cancer cachexia between human and animals (protein turnover rates, regulation of ubiquitin-proteasome system and myostatin/activin A-SMAD2/3 signalling pathways) are highlighted and discussed. Identifying the various and intertwined mechanisms that are deregulated during cancer cachexia and understanding why they are decontrolled will provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of skeletal muscle wasting in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Martin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Univ LyonUniversité Jean Monnet Saint‐EtienneSaint‐Priest‐en‐JarezFrance
| | - Yann S. Gallot
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris SaclayEvryFrance
| | - Damien Freyssenet
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Univ LyonUniversité Jean Monnet Saint‐EtienneSaint‐Priest‐en‐JarezFrance
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Setiawan T, Sari IN, Wijaya YT, Julianto NM, Muhammad JA, Lee H, Chae JH, Kwon HY. Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 37217930 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is a consequence of physiological changes or a pathology characterized by increased catabolic activity that leads to progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Numerous diseases, including cancer, organ failure, infection, and aging-associated diseases, are associated with muscle wasting. Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass, with or without the loss of fat mass, resulting in functional impairment and reduced quality of life. It is caused by the upregulation of systemic inflammation and catabolic stimuli, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis and enhancement of muscle catabolism. Here, we summarize the complex molecular networks that regulate muscle mass and function. Moreover, we describe complex multi-organ roles in cancer cachexia. Although cachexia is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths, there are still no approved drugs for cancer cachexia. Thus, we compiled recent ongoing pre-clinical and clinical trials and further discussed potential therapeutic approaches for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Setiawan
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadya Marcelina Julianto
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jabir Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heon Chae
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea.
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, 31151, Republic of Korea.
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Poetsch MS, Palus S, Van Linthout S, von Haehling S, Doehner W, Coats AJS, Anker SD, Springer J. The small molecule ACM-001 improves cardiac function in a rat model of severe cancer cachexia. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:673-686. [PMID: 36999379 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cachexia, a common manifestation of malignant cancer, is not only associated with weight loss, but also with severe cardiac atrophy and impaired cardiac function. Here, we investigated the effects of ACM-001 (0.3 or 3 mg/kg/day) in comparison to carvedilol (3 or 30 mg/kg/day), metropolol (50 or 100 mg/kg/day), nebivolol (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) and tertatolol (0.5 or 5 mg/kg/day) on cardiac mass and function in a rat cancer cachexia model. METHODS AND RESULTS Young male Wistar Han rats were inoculated i.p. with 108 Yoshida hepatoma AH-130 cells and treated once daily with verum or placebo by gavage. Cardiac function (echocardiography), body weight and body composition (nuclear magnetic resonance scans) were assessed. The hearts of animals were euthanized on day 11 (placebo and 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001) were used for signalling studies. Beta-blockers had no effect on tumour burden. ACM-001 reduced body weight loss (placebo: -34 ± 2.4 g vs. 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001: -14.8 ± 8.4 g, p = 0.033). Lean mass wasting was attenuated (placebo: -16.5 ± 2.34 g vs. 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001: -2.4 ± 6.7 g, p = 0.037), while fat loss was similar (p = 0.4) on day 11. Placebo animals lost left ventricular mass (-101 ± 14 mg), which was prevented only by 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001 (7 ± 25 mg, p < 0.01 vs. placebo). ACM-001 improved the ejection fraction (EF) (ΔEF: placebo: -24.3 ± 2.6 vs. 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001: 0.1 ± 2.9, p < 0.001). Cardiac output was 50% lower in the placebo group (-41 ± 4 ml/min) compared to baseline, while 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001 preserved cardiac output (-5 ± 8 ml/min, p < 0.01). The molecular mechanisms involved inhibition of protein degradation and activation of protein synthesis pathways. CONCLUSION This study shows that 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001 restores the anabolic/catabolic balance in cardiac muscle leading to improved function. Moreover, not all beta-blockers have similar effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike S Poetsch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Palus
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Goettingen (UMG), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Argilés JM, López-Soriano FJ, Stemmler B, Busquets S. Cancer-associated cachexia - understanding the tumour macroenvironment and microenvironment to improve management. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:250-264. [PMID: 36806788 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia is a devastating, multifactorial and often irreversible systemic syndrome characterized by substantial weight loss (mainly of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue) that occurs in around 50-80% of patients with cancer. Although this condition mainly affects skeletal muscle (which accounts for approximately 40% of total body weight), cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome that also involves white and brown adipose tissue, and organs including the bones, brain, liver, gut and heart. Notably, cachexia accounts for up to 20% of cancer-related deaths. Cancer-associated cachexia is invariably associated with systemic inflammation, anorexia and increased energy expenditure. Understanding these mechanisms is essential, and the progress achieved in this area over the past decade could help to develop new therapeutic approaches. In this Review, we examine the currently available evidence on the roles of both the tumour macroenvironment and microenvironment in cancer-associated cachexia, and provide an overview of the novel therapeutic strategies developed to manage this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francisco J López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Yuan L, Springer J, Palus S, Busquets S, Jové Q, Alves de Lima Junior E, Anker MS, von Haehling S, Álvarez Ladrón N, Millman O, Oosterlee A, Szymczyk A, López-Soriano FJ, Anker SD, Coats AJS, Argiles JM. The atypical β-blocker S-oxprenolol reduces cachexia and improves survival in a rat cancer cachexia model. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:653-660. [PMID: 36346141 PMCID: PMC9891926 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-blockers and selected stereoisomers of beta-blockers, like bisoprolol and S-pindolol (ACM-001), have been shown to be effective in preclinical cancer cachexia models. Here, we tested the efficacy of stereoisomers of oxprenolol in two preclinical models of cancer cachexia-the Yoshida AH-130 rat model and the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS In the Yoshida AH130 hepatoma rat cancer cachexia model and compared with placebo, 50 mg/kg/d S-oxprenolol (HR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28-0.85, P = 0.012) was superior to 50 mg/kg/d R-oxprenolol (HR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.38-1.45, P = 0.51) in reducing mortality (= reaching ethical endpoints). Combination of the three doses (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/d) that had a significant effect on body weight loss in the S-oxprenolol groups vs the same combination of the R-oxprenolol groups lead to a significantly improved survival of S-oxprenolol vs R-oxprenolol (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.08-2.39, P = 0.0185). Interestingly, there is a clear dose dependency in S-oxprenolol-treated (5, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/d) groups, which was not observed in groups treated with R-oxprenolol. A dose-dependent attenuation of weight and lean mass loss by S-oxprenolol was seen in the Yoshida rat model, whereas R-oxprenolol had only had a significant effect on fat mass. S-oxprenolol also non-significantly reduced weight loss in the LLC model and also improved muscle function (grip strength 428 ± 25 and 539 ± 37 g/100 g body weight for placebo and S-oxprenolol, respectively). However, there was only a minor effect on quality of life indicators food intake and spontaneous activity in the Yoshida model (25 mg/kg/S-oxprenolol: 11.9 ± 2.5 g vs placebo: 4.9 ± 0.8 g, P = 0.013 and also vs 25 mg/kg/d R-oxprenolol: 7.5 ± 2.6 g, P = 0.025). Both enantiomers had no effects on cardiac dimensions and function at the doses used in this study. Western blotting of proteins involved in the anabolic/catabolic homoeostasis suggest that anabolic signalling is persevered (IGF-1 receptor, Akt) and catabolic signalling is inhibited (FXBO-10, TRAF-6) by S-pindolol, but not he R-enantiomer. Expression of glucose transporters Glut1 and Glut 4 was similar in all groups, as was AMPK. CONCLUSIONS S-oxprenolol is superior to R-oxprenolol in cancer cachexia animal models and shows promise for a human application in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Yuan
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Palus
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Busquets
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Queralt Jové
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edson Alves de Lima Junior
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus S Anker
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology (CBF), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Goettingen (UMG), Goettingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Álvarez Ladrón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Millman
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annemijn Oosterlee
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agata Szymczyk
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Soriano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan D Anker
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology (CVK), Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Josep M Argiles
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Kong L, Chen S, Zeng X, Zhao L, Chen Z. Calpain inhibitors inhibit mitochondrial calpain activity to ameliorate apoptosis of cocultured myoblast. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:226-232. [DOI: 10.4103/0304-4920.359797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanism and pharmacological management. Biochem J 2021; 478:1663-1688. [PMID: 33970218 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20201009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia often occurs in malignant tumors and is a multifactorial and complex symptom characterized by wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, resulting in weight loss, poor life quality and shorter survival. The pathogenic mechanism of cancer cachexia is complex, involving a variety of molecular substrates and signal pathways. Advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer cachexia have provided a platform for the development of new targeted therapies. Although recent outcomes of early-phase trials have showed that several drugs presented an ideal curative effect, monotherapy cannot be entirely satisfactory in the treatment of cachexia-associated symptoms due to its complex and multifactorial pathogenesis. Therefore, the lack of definitive therapeutic strategies for cancer cachexia emphasizes the need to develop a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Increasing evidences show that the progression of cachexia is associated with metabolic alternations, which mainly include excessive energy expenditure, increased proteolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we provided an overview of the key mechanisms of cancer cachexia, with a major focus on muscle atrophy, adipose tissue wasting, anorexia and fatigue and updated the latest progress of pharmacological management of cancer cachexia, thereby further advancing the interventions that can counteract cancer cachexia.
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13
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Martin A, Freyssenet D. Phenotypic features of cancer cachexia-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: lessons from human and animal studies. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:252-273. [PMID: 33783983 PMCID: PMC8061402 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex multi-organ catabolic syndrome that reduces mobility, increases fatigue, decreases the efficiency of therapeutic strategies, diminishes the quality of life, and increases the mortality of cancer patients. This review provides an exhaustive and comprehensive analysis of cancer cachexia-related phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle at both the cellular and subcellular levels in human cancer patients, as well as in animal models of cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia is characterized by a major decrease in skeletal muscle mass in human and animals that depends on the severity of the disease/model and the localization of the tumour. It affects both type 1 and type 2 muscle fibres, even if some animal studies suggest that type 2 muscle fibres would be more prone to atrophy. Animal studies indicate an impairment in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism resulting from a decrease in mitochondrial content, an alteration in mitochondria morphology, and a reduction in mitochondrial metabolic fluxes. Immuno-histological analyses in human and animal models also suggest that a faulty mechanism of skeletal muscle repair would contribute to muscle mass loss. An increase in collagen deposit, an accumulation of fat depot outside and inside the muscle fibre, and a disrupted contractile machinery structure are also phenotypic features that have been consistently reported in cachectic skeletal muscle. Muscle function is also profoundly altered during cancer cachexia with a strong reduction in skeletal muscle force. Even though the loss of skeletal muscle mass largely contributes to the loss of muscle function, other factors such as muscle-nerve interaction and calcium handling are probably involved in the decrease in muscle force. Longitudinal analyses of skeletal muscle mass by imaging technics and skeletal muscle force in cancer patients, but also in animal models of cancer cachexia, are necessary to determine the respective kinetics and functional involvements of these factors. Our analysis also emphasizes that measuring skeletal muscle force through standardized tests could provide a simple and robust mean to early diagnose cachexia in cancer patients. That would be of great benefit to cancer patient's quality of life and health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Martin
- Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement BiologyUniversité de Lyon, University Jean Monnet Saint‐EtienneSaint‐ÉtienneFrance
| | - Damien Freyssenet
- Inter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement BiologyUniversité de Lyon, University Jean Monnet Saint‐EtienneSaint‐ÉtienneFrance
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14
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Busquets S, Castillejo M, Jové Q, Jude B, Mejías P, López-Soriano FJ, Argilés JM. Lack of Synergy Between β-Agonist Treatment and a Blockage of Sarcoplasmic Calcium Flow in a Rat Cancer Cachexia Model. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1953-1959. [PMID: 33762827 PMCID: PMC7982712 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s293834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During cancer cachexia, both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue losses take place. The use of β2-agonists, formoterol in particular, has proven to be very successful in the treatment of the syndrome in pre-clinical models. The object of the present research was to study the effects of a combination of formoterol and dantrolene, an inhibitor of the ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), on body weight loss and cachexia in tumour-bearing animals. Methods Rats were separated into two groups: controls (C) and tumour bearing (TB). TB group was further subdivided into four groups: untreated (saline as a vehicle), treated with Formoterol (TF) (0,3 mg/kg body weight in saline, subcutaneous (s.c.), daily), treated with Dantrolene (TD) (5 mg/kg body weight in saline, subcutaneous (s.c.), daily), and double-treated treated (TFD) with Formoterol (0,3 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneous (s.c.), daily) and Dantrolene (5 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneous (s.c.), daily). 7 days after tumour transplantation, muscle weight, grip force, and total physical activity were specified in all experimental groups. Results While formoterol had, as in previous studies, a very positive effect in reducing muscle weight loss, dantrolene had no effects, neither on skeletal muscle nor on any of the parameters studied. Finally, the combined treatment (formoterol and dantrolene) did not result in any significant benefit on the action of the β2-agonist. Conclusion It is concluded that, in the preclinical cachectic model used, no synergy exists between β2-agonist treatment and the blockade of sarcoplasmic-calcium flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Castillejo
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Queralt Jové
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Baptiste Jude
- Laboratoire de Physiologie - EA 4324 ORPHY, IBSAM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Patricia Mejías
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Mañas-García L, Penedo-Vázquez A, López-Postigo A, Deschrevel J, Durán X, Barreiro E. Prolonged Immobilization Exacerbates the Loss of Muscle Mass and Function Induced by Cancer-Associated Cachexia through Enhanced Proteolysis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8167. [PMID: 33142912 PMCID: PMC7663403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that in mice with lung cancer (LC)-induced cachexia, periods of immobilization of the hindlimb (7 and 15 days) may further aggravate the process of muscle mass loss and function. Mice were divided into seven groups (n = 10/group): (1) non-immobilized control mice, (2) 7-day unloaded mice (7-day I), (3) 15-day unloaded mice (15-day I), (4) 21-day LC-cachexia group (LC 21-days), (5) 30-day LC-cachexia group (LC 30-days), (6) 21-day LC-cachexia group besides 7 days of unloading (LC 21-days + 7-day I), (7) 30-day LC-cachexia group besides 15 days of unloading (LC 30-days + 15-day I). Physiological parameters, body weight, muscle and tumor weights, phenotype and morphometry, muscle damage (including troponin I), proteolytic and autophagy markers, and muscle regeneration markers were identified in gastrocnemius muscle. In LC-induced cachexia mice exposed to hindlimb unloading, gastrocnemius weight, limb strength, fast-twitch myofiber cross-sectional area, and muscle regeneration markers significantly decreased, while tumor weight and area, muscle damage (troponin), and proteolytic and autophagy markers increased. In gastrocnemius of cancer-cachectic mice exposed to unloading, severe muscle atrophy and impaired function was observed along with increased muscle proteolysis and autophagy, muscle damage, and impaired muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mañas-García
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (A.P.-V.); (A.L.-P.); (J.D.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Penedo-Vázquez
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (A.P.-V.); (A.L.-P.); (J.D.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián López-Postigo
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (A.P.-V.); (A.L.-P.); (J.D.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorieke Deschrevel
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (A.P.-V.); (A.L.-P.); (J.D.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Respiratory diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department Chrometa, Catholic University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Durán
- Scientific and Technical Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (A.P.-V.); (A.L.-P.); (J.D.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Ballerini A, Chua CYX, Rhudy J, Susnjar A, Di Trani N, Jain PR, Laue G, Lubicka D, Shirazi‐Fard Y, Ferrari M, Stodieck LS, Cadena SM, Grattoni A. Counteracting Muscle Atrophy on Earth and in Space via Nanofluidics Delivery of Formoterol. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballerini
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan 20122 Italy
| | - Corrine Ying Xuan Chua
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Jessica Rhudy
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Antonia Susnjar
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- College of Materials Science and Opta‐Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Science Shijingshan, 19 Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Priya R. Jain
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Grit Laue
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Novartis Campus Basel 4056 Switzerland
| | - Danuta Lubicka
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research 181 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yasaman Shirazi‐Fard
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory Space BioSciences Division NASA Ames Research Center Mail‐Stop 236‐7, Moffett Field, CA, 94035 USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- University of Washington Box 357630H375 Health Science Building Seattle WA 98195‐7630 USA
| | - Louis S. Stodieck
- BioServe Space Technologies Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Samuel M. Cadena
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research 181 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Surgery Houston Methodist Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology Houston Methodist Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave Houston TX 77030 USA
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17
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Pötsch MS, Ishida J, Palus S, Tschirner A, von Haehling S, Doehner W, Anker SD, Springer J. MT-102 prevents tissue wasting and improves survival in a rat model of severe cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:594-605. [PMID: 32067370 PMCID: PMC7113539 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia, a common manifestation of malignant cancer, is associated with wasting of skeletal muscle and fat tissue. In this study, we investigated the effects of a new first in class anabolic catabolic transforming agent on skeletal muscle in a rat model of cancer cachexia. METHODS Young male Wistar Han rats were intraperitoneally inoculated with 108 Yoshida hepatoma AH-130 cells and once daily treated with 0.3 mg kg-1 , 3 mg kg-1 MT-102, or placebo by gavage. RESULTS Three mg kg-1 d-1 MT-102 not only prevented progressive loss of fat mass (-6 ± 2 g vs -12 ± 1 g; P < 0.001); lean mass (+1 ± 10 g vs. -37 ± 2 g; P < 0.001) and body weight (+1 ± 13 g vs. -60 ± 2 g; P < 0.001) were remained. Quality of life was also improved as indicated by a higher food intake 12.9 ± 3.1 g and 4.3 ± 0.5 g, 3 mg kg-1 d-1 MT-102 vs. placebo, respectively, P < 0.001) and a higher spontaneous activity (52 369 ± 6521 counts/24 h and 29 509 ± 1775 counts/24 h, 3 mg·kg-1 d-1 MT-102 vs. placebo, respectively, P < 0.01) on Day 11. Most importantly, survival was improved (HR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.16-0.51, P < 0.001). The molecular mechanisms behind these effects involve reduction of overall protein degradation and activation of protein synthesis, assessed by measurement of proteasome and caspase-6 activity or Western blot analysis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that 3 mg kg-1 MT-102 reduces catabolism, while inducing anabolism in skeletal muscle leading to an improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike S Pötsch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Junichi Ishida
- Charite Medical School, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Palus
- Charite Medical School, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Tschirner
- Charite Medical School, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Goettingen (UMG), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Charite Medical School, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Charite Medical School, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Charite Medical School, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
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18
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Betancourt A, Busquets S, Ponce M, Toledo M, Guàrdia‐Olmos J, Peró‐Cebollero M, López‐Soriano FJ, Argilés JM. The animal cachexia score (ACASCO). Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:201-209. [PMID: 31773096 PMCID: PMC6762046 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND None of the published studies involving cancer cachexia experimental models have included a measure of the severity of the syndrome like the scoring system previously developed for human subjects. The aim of the present investigation was to define and validate a cachexia score usable in both rat and mouse tumor models. METHODS In order to achieve this goal, we included in the study one rat model (Yoshida AH-130ascites hepatoma) and two mouse models (Lewis lung carcinoma and Colon26 carcinoma). The Animal cachexia score (ACASCO) includes five components: (a) body and muscle weight loss, (b) inflammation and metabolic disturbances, (c) physical performance, (d) anorexia, and (e) quality of life measured using discomfort symptoms and behavioral tests. RESULTS Using the ACASCO values, three cut-off values were estimated by applying hierarchical cluster analysis. Four groups were originally described, one exactly below the observed mean, a second exactly over the mean, and two other groups adjusted to every cue (inferior and superior). The three cut-off values were estimated through maximization of the classification function. This was accomplished by using a similarity matrix based on the metric properties of the variables and assuming multinormal distribution. The results show that the four groups were: no cachexia, mild cachexia, moderate cachexia and advanced cachexia. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained allow us to conclude that the score could be very useful as an endpoint in pre-clinical studies involving therapeutic strategies for cancer cachexia. The potential usefulness of ACASCO relates to the primary endpoint in pre-clinical cancer cachexia drug evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Betancourt
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marta Ponce
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Míriam Toledo
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Joan Guàrdia‐Olmos
- Advanced Statistical Data Analysis Applied to Psychology, Departament de Metodologia de les Ciències del Comportament, Facultat de PsicologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de recerca en CervellCognició i Conducta (IR3C)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Maribel Peró‐Cebollero
- Advanced Statistical Data Analysis Applied to Psychology, Departament de Metodologia de les Ciències del Comportament, Facultat de PsicologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de recerca en CervellCognició i Conducta (IR3C)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Francisco J. López‐Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Josep M. Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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19
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Busquets S, Pérez-Peiró M, Salazar-Degracia A, Argilés JM, Serpe R, Rojano-Toimil A, López-Soriano FJ, Barreiro E. Differential structural features in soleus and gastrocnemius of carnitine-treated cancer cachectic rats. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:526-537. [PMID: 31241186 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is associated with chronic diseases and cancer. Elucidation of the biological mechanism involved in the process of muscle mass loss and cachexia may help identify therapeutic targets. We hypothesized that l-carnitine treatment may differentially revert muscle fiber atrophy and other structural alterations in slow- and fast-twitch limb muscles of rats bearing the Yoshida ascites hepatoma. In soleus and gastrocnemius of tumor-bearing rats (108 AH-130 Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells inoculated intraperitoneally) with and without treatment with l-carnitine (1 g/kg body weight for 7 days, intragastric), food intake, body and muscle weights, fiber typing and morphometry, morphological features, redox balance, autophagy and proteolytic, and signaling markers were explored. Levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase were also measured in all the study muscles. l-Carnitine treatment ameliorated the atrophy of both slow- and fast-twitch fibers (gastrocnemius particularly), muscle structural alterations (both muscles), and attenuated oxidative stress, proteolytic and signaling markers (gastrocnemius). Despite that carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 levels increased in both muscle types in a similar fashion, l-carnitine ameliorated muscle atrophy and proteolysis in a muscle-specific manner in cancer-induced cachexia. These data reveal the need to study muscles of different fiber type composition and function to better understand whereby l-carnitine exerts its beneficial effects on the myofibers in muscle wasting processes. These findings also have potential clinical implications, since combinations of various exercise and muscle training modalities with l-carnitine should be specifically targeted for the muscle groups to be trained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Busquets
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pérez-Peiró
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Salazar-Degracia
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Argilés
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Serpe
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health "M. Aresu,", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alba Rojano-Toimil
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J López-Soriano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Penna F, Ballarò R, Martinez-Cristobal P, Sala D, Sebastian D, Busquets S, Muscaritoli M, Argilés JM, Costelli P, Zorzano A. Autophagy Exacerbates Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia and Impairs Mitochondrial Function. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2674-2686. [PMID: 31150737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by anorexia, weight loss and muscle wasting that impairs patients' quality of life and survival. Aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of either autophagy inhibition (knocking down beclin-1) or promotion (overexpressing TP53INP2/DOR) on cancer-induced muscle wasting. In C26 tumor-bearing mice, stress-induced autophagy inhibition was unable to rescue the loss of muscle mass and worsened muscle morphology. Treating C26-bearing mice with formoterol, a selective β2-agonist, muscle sparing was paralleled by reduced static autophagy markers, although the flux was maintained. Conversely, the stimulation of muscle autophagy exacerbated muscle atrophy in tumor-bearing mice. TP53INP2 further promoted atrogene expression and suppressed mitochondrial dynamics-related genes. Excessive autophagy might impair mitochondrial function through mitophagy. Consistently, tumor-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was detected by reduced ex vivo muscle fiber respiration. Overall, the results evoke a central role for muscle autophagy in cancer-induced muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ballarò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paula Martinez-Cristobal
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sala
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sebastian
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Busquets
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep M Argilés
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Gonçalves DA, Silveira WA, Manfredi LH, Graça FA, Armani A, Bertaggia E, O Neill BT, Lautherbach N, Machado J, Nogara L, Pereira MG, Arcidiacono D, Realdon S, Kahn CR, Sandri M, Kettelhut IC, Navegantes LCC. Insulin/IGF1 signalling mediates the effects of β 2 -adrenergic agonist on muscle proteostasis and growth. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:455-475. [PMID: 30932373 PMCID: PMC6463755 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulation of β2 -adrenoceptors can promote muscle hypertrophy and fibre type shift, and it can counteract atrophy and weakness. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS Fed wild type (WT), 2-day fasted WT, muscle-specific insulin (INS) receptor (IR) knockout (M-IR-/- ), and MKR mice were studied with regard to acute effects of the β2 -agonist formoterol (FOR) on protein metabolism and signalling events. MKR mice express a dominant negative IGF1 receptor, which blocks both INS/IGF1 signalling. All received one injection of FOR (300 μg kg-1 subcutaneously) or saline. Skeletal muscles and serum samples were analysed from 30 to 240 min. For the study of chronic effects of FOR on muscle plasticity and function as well as intracellular signalling pathways, fed WT and MKR mice were treated with formoterol (300 μg kg-1 day-1 ) for 30 days. RESULTS In fed and fasted mice, one injection of FOR inhibited autophagosome formation (LC3-II content, 65%, P ≤ 0.05) that was paralleled by an increase in serum INS levels (4-fold to 25-fold, P ≤ 0.05) and the phosphorylation of Akt (4.4-fold to 6.5-fold, P ≤ 0.05) and ERK1/2 (50% to two-fold, P ≤ 0.05). This led to the suppression (40-70%, P ≤ 0.05) of the master regulators of atrophy, FoxOs, and the mRNA levels of their target genes. FOR enhanced (41%, P ≤ 0.05) protein synthesis only in fed condition and stimulated (4.4-fold to 35-fold, P ≤ 0.05) the prosynthetic Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in both fed and fasted states. FOR effects on Akt signalling during fasting were blunted in both M-IR-/- and MKR mice. Inhibition of proteolysis markers by FOR was prevented only in MKR mice. Blockade of PI3K/Akt axis and mTORC1, but not ERK1/2, in fasted mice also suppressed the acute FOR effects on proteolysis and autophagy. Chronic stimulation of β2 -adrenoceptors in fed WT mice increased body (11%, P ≤ 0.05) and muscle (15%, P ≤ 0.05) growth and downregulated atrophy-related genes (30-40%, P ≤ 0.05), but these effects were abolished in MKR mice. Increases in muscle force caused by FOR (WT, 24%, P ≤ 0.05) were only partially impaired in MKR mice (12%, P ≤ 0.05), and FOR-induced slow-to-fast fibre type shift was not blocked at all in these animals. In MKR mice, FOR also restored the lower levels of muscle SDH activity to basal WT values and caused a marked reduction (57%, P ≤ 0.05) in the number of centrally nucleated fibers. CONCLUSIONS NS/IGF1 signalling is necessary for the anti-proteolytic and hypertrophic effects of in vivo β2 -adrenergic stimulation and appears to mediate FOR-induced enhancement of protein synthesis. INS/IGF1 signalling only partially contributes to gain in strength and does not mediate fibre type transition induced by FOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit A Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Wilian A Silveira
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro H Manfredi
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia A Graça
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertaggia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Brian T O Neill
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalia Lautherbach
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Machado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcelo G Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Diletta Arcidiacono
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Realdon
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Myology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Isis C Kettelhut
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos C Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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22
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Winje IM, Sheng X, Hansson K, Solbrå A, Tennøe S, Saatcioglu F, Bruusgaard JC, Gundersen K. Cachexia does not induce loss of myonuclei or muscle fibres during xenografted prostate cancer in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13204. [PMID: 30325108 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cachexia is a severe wasting disorder involving loss of body- and muscle mass reducing survival and quality of life in cancer patients. We aim at determining if cachexia is a mere perturbation of the protein balance or if the condition also involves a degenerative loss of myonuclei within the fibre syncytia or loss of whole muscle fibres. METHODS We induced cachexia by xenografting PC3 prostate cancer cells in nu/nu mice. Six weeks later, we counted myonuclei by in vivo microscopic imaging of single live fibres in the extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL), and the EDL, soleus and tibialis anterior muscles were also harvested for ex vivo histology. RESULTS The mice lost on average 15% of the whole-body wt. The muscle wet weight of the glycolytic, fast EDL was reduced by 14%, the tibialis anterior by 17%, and the slow, oxidative soleus by 6%. The fibre cross-sectional area in the EDL was reduced by 21% with no loss of myonuclei or any significant reduction in the number of muscle fibres. TUNEL-positive nuclei or fibres with embryonic myosin were rare both in cachectic and control muscles, and haematoxylin-eosin staining revealed no clear signs of muscle pathology. CONCLUSION The data suggest that the cachexia induced by xenografted prostate tumours induces a pronounced atrophy not accompanied by a loss of myonuclei or a loss of muscle fibres. Thus, stem cell related treatment might be redundant, and the quest for treatment options should rather focus on intervening with intracellular pathways regulating muscle fibre size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Kenth‐Arne Hansson
- Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Center for Integrative Neuroplasticity (CINPLA) University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Andreas Solbrå
- Center for Integrative Neuroplasticity (CINPLA) University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Physics University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Simen Tennøe
- Center for Integrative Neuroplasticity (CINPLA) University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Informatics University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Fahri Saatcioglu
- Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Institute of Cancer Genetics and Informatics Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Jo Christiansen Bruusgaard
- Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Center for Integrative Neuroplasticity (CINPLA) University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Health Sciences Kristiania University College Oslo Norway
| | - Kristian Gundersen
- Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Center for Integrative Neuroplasticity (CINPLA) University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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23
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Bhattacharjee M, Perumal E. Potential plant-derived catecholaminergic activity enhancers for neuropharmacological approaches: A review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:148-164. [PMID: 30668425 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholamines (CAs) have been reported to be involved in numerous functions including central nervous system. CA release from the intra neuronal storage vesicles aid in the therapy of various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders where the catecholaminergic neurotransmission is compromised. Bioavailability of CA at the synapse can be increased through stimulated neurotransmitter release, monoamine oxidase and CA reuptake inhibition. Plant based galenicals are reported to have similar CA enhancement activities and have been used for the management of neurological disorders. AIM To review evidence-based literature with plant extracts, bioactive compounds, and composite extracts that modulate central catecholaminergic system, thereby enhancing CA activity for beneficial neurological effect. METHODS Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were used to search scientific contributions until January 2018, using relevant keywords. Literature focusing plant-derived CA enhancing compounds, extracts and/or composite extracts were identified and summarized. In all cases, dose, route of administration, the model system and type of extract were accounted. RESULTS A total of 49 plant extracts, 31 compounds and 16 herbal formulations have shown CA activity enhancement. Stimulated CA release from the storage vesicles, monoamine oxidase and CA reuptake inhibition were the major mechanisms involved in the increase of CA bioavailability by these phytoconstituents. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview on the phytoconstituents with CA enhancement property that have been used for neuropsychiatric disorders. Such herbal remedies will provide an avenue for cost effective and easily available medication which have holistic approach towards disease management. There is also scope for alternate medicines or prototype drug development utilizing these phytomedicines for treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, hurdles are to be met for analyzing the mode and mechanism of action associated with these phytomedicines and their proper scientific documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monojit Bhattacharjee
- Defence Research and Development Organisation - Bharathiar University Center for Life Sciences (DRDO-BU CLS), Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Defence Research and Development Organisation - Bharathiar University Center for Life Sciences (DRDO-BU CLS), Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India; Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India.
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24
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Koziczak-Holbro M, Rigel DF, Dumotier B, Sykes DA, Tsao J, Nguyen NH, Bösch J, Jourdain M, Flotte L, Adachi Y, Kiffe M, Azria M, Fairhurst RA, Charlton SJ, Richardson BP, Lach-Trifilieff E, Glass DJ, Ullrich T, Hatakeyama S. Pharmacological Characterization of a Novel 5-Hydroxybenzothiazolone-Derived β2-Adrenoceptor Agonist with Functional Selectivity for Anabolic Effects on Skeletal Muscle Resulting in a Wider Cardiovascular Safety Window in Preclinical Studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:188-199. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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25
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Argilés JM, López-Soriano FJ, Stemmler B, Busquets S. Therapeutic strategies against cancer cachexia. Eur J Transl Myol 2019; 29:7960. [PMID: 31019661 PMCID: PMC6460215 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.7960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia has two main components: anorexia and metabolic alterations. The main changes associated with the development of this multi-organic syndrome are glucose intolerance, fat depletion and muscle protein hypercatabolism. The aim of this paper is to review the more recent therapeutic approaches designed to counteract the wasting suffered by the cancer patient with cachexia. Among the most promising approaches we can include the use of ghrelin agonists, beta-blockers, beta-adrenergic agonists, androgen receptor agonists and anti-myostatin peptides. The multi-targeted approach seems essential in these treatments, which should include the combination of both nutritional support, drugs and a suitable program of physical exercise, in order to ameliorate both anorexia and the metabolic changes associated with cachexia. In addition, another very important and crucial aspect to be taken into consideration in the design of clinical trials for the treatment of cancer cachexia is to staging cancer patients in relation with the degree of cachexia, in order to start as early as possible this triple approach in the course of the disease, even before the weight loss can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology Faculty of the Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedicine Institute, Barcelona University (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology Faculty of the Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedicine Institute, Barcelona University (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology Faculty of the Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedicine Institute, Barcelona University (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Penna F, Ballarò R, Beltrà M, De Lucia S, García Castillo L, Costelli P. The Skeletal Muscle as an Active Player Against Cancer Cachexia. Front Physiol 2019; 10:41. [PMID: 30833900 PMCID: PMC6387914 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of cancer patients is frequently complicated by the occurrence of cachexia. This is a complex syndrome that markedly impacts on quality of life as well as on tolerance and response to anticancer treatments. Loss of body weight, wasting of both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and reduced survival rates are among the main features of cachexia. Skeletal muscle wasting has been shown to depend, mainly at least, on the induction of protein degradation rates above physiological levels. Such hypercatabolic pattern is driven by overactivation of different intracellular proteolytic systems, among which those dependent on ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy. Selective rather than bulk degradation of altered proteins and organelles was also proposed to occur. Within the picture described above, the muscle is frequently considered a sort of by-stander tissue where external stimuli, directly or indirectly, can poise protein metabolism toward a catabolic setting. By contrast, several observations suggest that the muscle reacts to the wasting drive imposed by cancer growth by activating different compensatory strategies that include anabolic capacity, the activation of autophagy and myogenesis. Even if muscle response is eventually ill-fated, its occurrence supports the idea that in the presence of appropriate treatments the development of cancer-induced wasting might not be an ineluctable event in tumor hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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27
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Pring ET, Malietzis G, Kennedy RH, Athanasiou T, Jenkins JT. Cancer cachexia and myopenia – Update on management strategies and the direction of future research for optimizing body composition in cancer – A narrative review. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 70:245-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Shimamoto S, Ijiri D, Nakashima K, Kawaguchi M, Ohtsuka A. The β 2-adrenergic receptor is involved in differences in the protein degradation level of the pectoral muscle between fast- and slow-growing chicks during the neonatal period. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 267:45-50. [PMID: 29857006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether β2-AR mRNA expression is involved in either atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA expression or protein degradation in chicken skeletal muscle by comparing fast- and slow-growing chicks during the neonatal period. Based on their body weight gain from 1 to 5 days of age, 5-day-old chicks (Gallus gallus domestics) were divided into a slow-growing and a fast-growing group, the mean weight gains of which were 6.3 ± 1.3 g/day and 11.3 ± 0.9 g/day, respectively. The ratio of pectoral muscle weight to total body weight was higher in the fast-growing group of chicks than in the slow-growing group. In addition, the plasma 3-methylhistidine concentration, an index of protein degradation in skeletal muscle, was significantly lower in the fast-growing than in the slow-growing chicks. The mRNA expression of β2-AR, which we previously found is involved in decreasing muscle protein degradation by suppression atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA expression, was significantly higher in the pectoral muscle of the fast-growing group compared with that of the slow-growing group. Concordantly, lower mRNA expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx was observed in the pectoral muscle of the fast-growing chicks. However, in the sartorius muscle, which is a muscle in the thigh, the ratio of the muscle weight to total body weight was not significantly different between the two groups of chicks at 5 days of age. In addition, there was no significant difference in the mRNA expressions of β2-AR and atrogin-1/MAFbx in the sartorius muscle between these two groups. These results suggest that β2-AR expression levels might be physiologically significant in the control of protein degradation in the pectoral muscle of neonatal chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Shimamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Daichi Ijiri
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Nakashima
- Animal Metabolism and Nutirition Division, Institute of Livestock and Grasslan Science, NARO, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba 305-0901, Japan
| | - Mana Kawaguchi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Martín AI, Gómez-SanMiguel AB, Priego T, López-Calderón A. Formoterol treatment prevents the effects of endotoxin on muscle TNF/NF-kB, Akt/mTOR, and proteolytic pathways in a rat model. Role of IGF-I and miRNA 29b. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E705-E714. [PMID: 29969314 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00043.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are associated with muscle wasting as a result of an increase in proteolysis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether administration of a β2 adrenergic agonist, formoterol, was able to prevent the acute effects of sepsis induced by liposaccharide (LPS) injection on rat gastrocnemius muscle and to evaluate the possible roles of corticosterone, IGF-I, miR-23a, and miR-29b. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were injected with LPS and/or formoterol. Formoterol treatment decreased LPS-induced increase in serum corticosterone, TNFα upregulation, and NF-κB(p65) and Forkhead box protein O1 activation in the gastrocnemius. Atrogin-1, muscle RING-finger protein-1, microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3b (LC3b), and the lipidation of LC3b-I to LC3b-II were increased by LPS, and formoterol blocked these effects. Serum IGF-I and its mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius were decreased, whereas mecano growth factor and IGF binding protein 3 mRNA levels were increased in the rats injected with LPS but not in the rats that received LPS and formoterol. Similarly, LPS decreased Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation, and formoterol blocked these decreases. Finally, miR-29b expression in the gastrocnemius was upregulated by endotoxin injection, whereas miR-23a was not significantly different. Formoterol treatment did not significantly modify LPS-induced increase in muscle miR-29b. Furthermore, in control rats formoterol increased the expression of this miRNA. We conclude that formoterol decreases endotoxin-induced inflammation and proteolysis in rat skeletal muscle. Those responses can be a direct effect of β2 adrenergic receptor stimulation or/and of blocking the effects of LPS on corticosterone and IGF-I. Muscle miR-23a and -29b do not seem to play an important role in those responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Martín
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Teresa Priego
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University , Madrid , Spain
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30
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Hostrup M, Reitelseder S, Jessen S, Kalsen A, Nyberg M, Egelund J, Kreiberg M, Kristensen CM, Thomassen M, Pilegaard H, Backer V, Jacobson GA, Holm L, Bangsbo J. Beta 2 -adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol increases protein turnover rates and alters signalling in skeletal muscle after resistance exercise in young men. J Physiol 2018; 596:4121-4139. [PMID: 29968301 DOI: 10.1113/jp275560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Animal models have shown that beta2 -adrenoceptor stimulation increases protein synthesis and attenuates breakdown processes in skeletal muscle. Thus, the beta2 -adrenoceptor is a potential target in the treatment of disuse-, disease- and age-related muscle atrophy. In the present study, we show that a few days of oral treatment with the commonly prescribed beta2 -adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol, increased skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown during the first 5 h after resistance exercise in young men. Salbutamol also counteracted a negative net protein balance in skeletal muscle after resistance exercise. Changes in protein turnover rates induced by salbutamol were associated with protein kinase A-signalling, activation of Akt2 and modulation of mRNA levels of growth-regulating proteins in skeletal muscle. These findings indicate that protein turnover rates can be augmented by beta2 -adrenoceptor agonist treatment during recovery from resistance exercise in humans. ABSTRACT The effect of beta2 -adrenoceptor stimulation on skeletal muscle protein turnover and intracellular signalling is insufficiently explored in humans, particularly in association with exercise. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study investigating 12 trained men, the effects of beta2 -agonist (6 × 4 mg oral salbutamol) on protein turnover rates, intracellular signalling and mRNA response in skeletal muscle were investigated 0.5-5 h after quadriceps resistance exercise. Each trial was preceded by a 4-day lead-in treatment period. Leg protein turnover rates were assessed by infusion of [13 C6 ]-phenylalanine and sampling of arterial and venous blood, as well as vastus lateralis muscle biopsies 0.5 and 5 h after exercise. Furthermore, myofibrillar fractional synthesis rate, intracellular signalling and mRNA response were measured in muscle biopsies. The mean (95% confidence interval) myofibrillar fractional synthesis rate was higher for salbutamol than placebo [0.079 (95% CI, 0.064 to 0.093) vs. 0.066 (95% CI, 0.056 to 0.075%) × h-1 ] (P < 0.05). Mean net leg phenylalanine balance 0.5-5 h after exercise was higher for salbutamol than placebo [3.6 (95% CI, 1.0 to 6.2 nmol) × min-1 × 100 gLeg Lean Mass-1 ] (P < 0.01). Phosphorylation of Akt2, cAMP response element binding protein and PKA substrate 0.5 and 5 h after exercise, as well as phosphorylation of eEF2 5 h after exercise, was higher (P < 0.05) for salbutamol than placebo. Calpain-1, Forkhead box protein O1, myostatin and Smad3 mRNA content was higher (P < 0.01) for salbutamol than placebo 0.5 h after exercise, as well as Forkhead box protein O1 and myostatin mRNA content 5 h after exercise, whereas ActivinRIIB mRNA content was lower (P < 0.01) for salbutamol 5 h after exercise. These observations suggest that beta2 -agonist increases protein turnover rates in skeletal muscle after resistance exercise in humans, with concomitant cAMP/PKA and Akt2 signalling, as well as modulation of mRNA response of growth-regulating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Jessen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Kalsen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Egelund
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kreiberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Thomassen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Backer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Glenn A Jacobson
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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van der Ende M, Grefte S, Plas R, Meijerink J, Witkamp RF, Keijer J, van Norren K. Mitochondrial dynamics in cancer-induced cachexia. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:137-150. [PMID: 30059724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-induced cachexia has a negative impact on quality of life and adversely affects therapeutic outcomes and survival rates. It is characterized by, often severe, loss of muscle, with or without loss of fat mass. Insight in the pathophysiology of this complex metabolic syndrome and direct treatment options are still limited, which creates a research demand. Results from recent studies point towards a significant involvement of muscle mitochondrial networks. However, data are scattered and a comprehensive overview is lacking. This paper aims to fill existing knowledge gaps by integrating published data sets on muscle protein or gene expression from cancer-induced cachexia animal models. To this end, a database was compiled from 94 research papers, comprising 11 different rodent models. This was combined with four genome-wide transcriptome datasets of cancer-induced cachexia rodent models. Analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fusion, fission, ATP production and mitochondrial density is decreased, while that of genes involved ROS detoxification and mitophagy is increased. Our results underline the relevance of including post-translational modifications of key proteins involved in mitochondrial functioning in future studies on cancer-induced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda van der Ende
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands; Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sander Grefte
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rogier Plas
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Renger F Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
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32
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Cancer cachexia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 127:91-104. [PMID: 29891116 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multi-factorial syndrome, which negatively affects quality of life, responsiveness to chemotherapy, and survival in advanced cancer patients. Our understanding of cachexia has grown greatly in recent years and the roles of many tumor-derived and host-derived compounds have been elucidated as mediators of cancer cachexia. However, cancer cachexia remains an unmet medical need and attempts towards a standard treatment guideline have been unsuccessful. This review covers the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of cancer cachexia; the elements impeding the formulation of a standard management guideline; and future directions of research for the improvement and standardization of current treatment procedures.
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33
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Salazar-Degracia A, Busquets S, Argilés JM, Bargalló-Gispert N, López-Soriano FJ, Barreiro E. Effects of the beta 2 agonist formoterol on atrophy signaling, autophagy, and muscle phenotype in respiratory and limb muscles of rats with cancer-induced cachexia. Biochimie 2018; 149:79-91. [PMID: 29654866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscle mass loss and wasting are characteristic features of patients with chronic conditions including cancer. Beta-adrenoceptors attenuate muscle wasting. We hypothesized that specific muscle atrophy signaling pathways and altered metabolism may be attenuated in cancer cachectic animals receiving treatment with the beta2 agonist formoterol. In diaphragm and gastrocnemius of tumor-bearing rats (intraperitoneal inoculum, 108 AH-130 Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells, 7-day study period) with and without treatment with formoterol (0.3 mg/kg body weight/day/7days, subcutaneous), atrophy signaling pathways (NF-κB, MAPK, FoxO), proteolytic markers (ligases, proteasome, ubiquitination), autophagy markers (p62, beclin-1, LC3), myostatin, apoptosis, muscle metabolism markers, and muscle structure features were analyzed (immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry). In diaphragm and gastrocnemius of cancer cachectic rats, fiber sizes were reduced, levels of structural alterations, atrophy signaling pathways, proteasome content, protein ubiquitination, autophagy, and myostatin were increased, while those of regenerative and metabolic markers (myoD, mTOR, AKT, and PGC-1alpha) were decreased. Formoterol treatment attenuated such alterations in both muscles. Muscle wasting in this rat model of cancer-induced cachexia was characterized by induction of significant structural alterations, atrophy signaling pathways, proteasome activity, apoptotic and autophagy markers, and myostatin, along with a significant decline in the expression of muscle regenerative and metabolic markers. Treatment of the cachectic rats with formoterol partly attenuated the structural alterations and atrophy signaling, while improving other molecular perturbations similarly in both respiratory and limb muscles. The results reported in this study have relevant therapeutic implications as they showed beneficial effects of the beta2 agonist formoterol in the cachectic muscles through several key biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Salazar-Degracia
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló-Gispert
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
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34
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Kuol N, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Crosstalk between cancer and the neuro-immune system. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 315:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Modulating Metabolism to Improve Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7153610. [PMID: 29785246 PMCID: PMC5896402 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7153610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is one of the main features of cancer cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome frequently occurring in oncologic patients. The onset of cachexia is associated with reduced tolerance and response to antineoplastic treatments, eventually leading to clinical conditions that are not compatible with survival. Among the mechanisms underlying cachexia, protein and energy dysmetabolism play a major role. In this regard, several potential treatments have been proposed, mainly on the basis of promising results obtained in preclinical models. However, at present, no treatment yet reached validation to be used in the clinical practice, although several drugs are currently tested in clinical trials for their ability to improve muscle metabolism in cancer patients. Along this line, the results obtained in both experimental and clinical studies clearly show that cachexia can be effectively approached by a multidirectional strategy targeting nutrition, inflammation, catabolism, and inactivity at the same time. In the present study, approaches aimed to modulate muscle metabolism in cachexia will be reviewed.
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36
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Amiya E, Taya M. Is Exercise Training Appropriate for Patients With Advanced Heart Failure Receiving Continuous Inotropic Infusion? A Review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2018; 12:1179546817751438. [PMID: 29326534 PMCID: PMC5757424 DOI: 10.1177/1179546817751438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-based rehabilitation programs have been reported to have beneficial effects for patients with heart failure. However, there is little evidence about whether this is the case in patients with more severe heart failure. In particular, there is a question in the clinical setting whether patients with advanced heart failure and continuous inotropic infusion should be prescribed exercise training. In contrast, many studies conclude that prolonged immobility associated with heart failure profoundly impairs physical function and promotes muscle wasting that could further hasten the course of heart failure. By contrast, exercise training has various effects not only in improving exercise capacity but also on vascular function, skeletal muscle, and autonomic balance. In this review, we summarize the effectiveness and discuss methods of exercise training in patients with advanced heart failure receiving continuous inotropic agents such as dobutamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Amiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Taya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Salazar-Degracia A, Busquets S, Argilés JM, López-Soriano FJ, Barreiro E. Formoterol attenuates increased oxidative stress and myosin protein loss in respiratory and limb muscles of cancer cachectic rats. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4109. [PMID: 29255650 PMCID: PMC5732544 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle mass loss and wasting are characteristic features of patients with chronic conditions including cancer. Therapeutic options are still scarce. We hypothesized that cachexia-induced muscle oxidative stress may be attenuated in response to treatment with beta2-adrenoceptor-selective agonist formoterol in rats. In diaphragm and gastrocnemius of tumor-bearing rats (108 AH-130 Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells inoculated intraperitoneally) with and without treatment with formoterol (0.3 mg/kg body weight/day for seven days, daily subcutaneous injection), redox balance (protein oxidation and nitration and antioxidants) and muscle proteins (1-dimensional immunoblots), carbonylated proteins (2-dimensional immunoblots), inflammatory cells (immunohistochemistry), and mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex activities were explored. In the gastrocnemius, but not the diaphragm, of cancer cachectic rats compared to the controls, protein oxidation and nitration levels were increased, several functional and structural proteins were carbonylated, and in both study muscles, myosin content was reduced, inflammatory cell counts were greater, while no significant differences were seen in MRC complex activities (I, II, and IV). Treatment of cachectic rats with formoterol attenuated all the events in both respiratory and limb muscles. In this in vivo model of cancer-cachectic rats, the diaphragm is more resistant to oxidative stress. Formoterol treatment attenuated the rise in oxidative stress in the limb muscles, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the loss of myosin content seen in both study muscles, whereas no effects were observed in the MRC complex activities. These findings have therapeutic implications as they demonstrate beneficial effects of the beta2 agonist through decreased protein oxidation and inflammation in cachectic muscles, especially the gastrocnemius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Salazar-Degracia
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Novel targeted therapies for cancer cachexia. Biochem J 2017; 474:2663-2678. [PMID: 28751550 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia and metabolic alterations are the main components of the cachectic syndrome. Glucose intolerance, fat depletion, muscle protein catabolism and other alterations are involved in the development of cancer cachexia, a multi-organ syndrome. Nutritional approach strategies are not satisfactory in reversing the cachectic syndrome. The aim of the present review is to deal with the recent therapeutic targeted approaches that have been designed to fight and counteract wasting in cancer patients. Indeed, some promising targeted therapeutic approaches include ghrelin agonists, selective androgen receptor agonists, β-blockers and antimyostatin peptides. However, a multi-targeted approach seems absolutely essential to treat patients affected by cancer cachexia. This approach should not only involve combinations of drugs but also nutrition and an adequate program of physical exercise, factors that may lead to a synergy, essential to overcome the syndrome. This may efficiently reverse the metabolic changes described above and, at the same time, ameliorate the anorexia. Defining this therapeutic combination of drugs/nutrients/exercise is an exciting project that will stimulate many scientific efforts. Other aspects that will, no doubt, be very important for successful treatment of cancer wasting will be an optimized design of future clinical trials, together with a protocol for staging cancer patients in relation to their degree of cachexia. This will permit that nutritional/metabolic/pharmacological support can be started early in the course of the disease, before severe weight loss occurs. Indeed, timing is crucial and has to be taken very seriously when applying the therapeutic approach.
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39
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Ishida J, Saitoh M, Doehner W, von Haehling S, Anker M, Anker SD, Springer J. Animal models of cachexia and sarcopenia in chronic illness: Cardiac function, body composition changes and therapeutic results. Int J Cardiol 2017; 238:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Argilés JM. The 2015 ESPEN Sir David Cuthbertson lecture: Inflammation as the driving force of muscle wasting in cancer. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:798-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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41
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Aversa Z, Costelli P, Muscaritoli M. Cancer-induced muscle wasting: latest findings in prevention and treatment. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:369-382. [PMID: 28529552 PMCID: PMC5424865 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017698643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a severe and disabling clinical condition that frequently accompanies the development of many types of cancer. Muscle wasting is the hallmark of cancer cachexia and is associated with serious clinical consequences such as physical impairment, poor quality of life, reduced tolerance to treatments and shorter survival. Cancer cachexia may evolve through different stages of clinical relevance, namely pre-cachexia, cachexia and refractory cachexia. Given its detrimental clinical consequences, it appears mandatory to prevent and/or delay the progression of cancer cachexia to its refractory stage by implementing the early recognition and treatment of the nutritional and metabolic alterations occurring during cancer. Research on the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle wasting during cancer cachexia has expanded in the last few years, allowing the identification of several potential therapeutic targets and the development of many promising drugs. Several of these agents have already reached the clinical evaluation, but it is becoming increasingly evident that a single therapy may not be completely successful in the treatment of cancer-related muscle wasting, given its multifactorial and complex pathogenesis. This suggests that early and structured multimodal interventions (including targeted nutritional supplementation, physical exercise and pharmacological interventions) are necessary to prevent and/or treat the devastating consequences of this cancer comorbidity, and future research should focus on this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Aversa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
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42
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Saitoh M, Ishida J, Doehner W, von Haehling S, Anker MS, Coats AJS, Anker SD, Springer J. Sarcopenia, cachexia, and muscle performance in heart failure: Review update 2016. Int J Cardiol 2017; 238:5-11. [PMID: 28427849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia in the context of heart failure (HF) has been termed cardiac cachexia, and represents a progressive involuntary weight loss. Cachexia is mainly the result of an imbalance in the homeostasis of muscle protein synthesis and degradation due to a lower activity of protein synthesis pathways and an over-activation of protein degradation. In addition, muscle wasting leads to of impaired functional capacity, even after adjusting for clinical relevant variables in patients with HF. However, there is no sufficient therapeutic strategy in muscle wasting in HF patients and very few studies in animal models. Exercise training represents a promising intervention that can prevent or even reverse the process of muscle wasting, and worsening the muscle function and performance in HF with muscle wasting and cachexia. The pathological mechanisms and effective therapeutic approach of cardiac cachexia remain uncertain, because of the difficulty to establish animal cardiac cachexia models, thus novel animal models are warranted. Furthermore, the use of improved animal models will lead to a better understanding of the pathways that modulate muscle wasting and therapeutics of muscle wasting of cardiac cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Saitoh
- Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Junichi Ishida
- Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Charité - Campus Virchow (CVK), Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus S Anker
- Charité - Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany Charité - Campus Virchow (CVK), Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Salazar-Degracia A, Blanco D, Vilà-Ubach M, de Biurrun G, de Solórzano CO, Montuenga LM, Barreiro E. Phenotypic and metabolic features of mouse diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles in chronic lung carcinogenesis: influence of underlying emphysema. J Transl Med 2016; 14:244. [PMID: 27549759 PMCID: PMC4994253 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle wasting negatively impacts the progress of chronic diseases such as lung cancer (LC) and emphysema, which are in turn interrelated. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that muscle atrophy and body weight loss may develop in an experimental mouse model of lung carcinogenesis, that the profile of alterations in muscle fiber phenotype (fiber type composition and morphometry, muscle structural alterations, and nuclear apoptosis), and in muscle metabolism are similar in both respiratory and limb muscles of the tumor-bearing mice, and that the presence of underlying emphysema may influence those events. METHODS Diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles of mice with urethane-induced lung cancer (LC-U) with and without elastase-induced emphysema (E-U) and non-exposed controls (N = 8/group) were studied: fiber type composition, morphometry, muscle abnormalities, apoptotic nuclei (immunohistochemistry), and proteolytic and autophagy markers (immunoblotting) at 20- and 35-week exposure times. In the latter cohort, structural contractile proteins, creatine kinase (CK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) expression, oxidative stress, and inflammation were also measured. Body and muscle weights were quantified (baseline, during follow-up, and sacrifice). RESULTS Compared to controls, in U and E-U mice, whole body, diaphragm and gastrocnemius weights were reduced. Additionally, both in diaphragm and gastrocnemius, muscle fiber cross-sectional areas were smaller, structural abnormalities, autophagy and apoptotic nuclei were increased, while levels of actin, myosin, CK, PPARs, and antioxidants were decreased, and muscle proteolytic markers did not vary among groups. CONCLUSIONS In this model of lung carcinogenesis with and without emphysema, reduced body weight gain and muscle atrophy were observed in respiratory and limb muscles of mice after 20- and 35-week exposure times most likely through increased nuclear apoptosis and autophagy. Underlying emphysema induced a larger reduction in the size of slow- and fast-twitch fibers in the diaphragm of U and E-U mice probably as a result of the greater inspiratory burden imposed onto this muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Salazar-Degracia
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), C/Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Blanco
- Laboratorio de Biomarcadores, Programa de Tumores Sólidos, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mònica Vilà-Ubach
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), C/Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel de Biurrun
- Laboratorio de Biomarcadores, Programa de Tumores Sólidos, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortiz de Solórzano
- Laboratorio de Imagen del Cáncer, Programa de Tumores Sólidos, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Laboratorio de Biomarcadores, Programa de Tumores Sólidos, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Departamento de Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultades de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), C/Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
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Shimamoto S, Ijiri D, Nakashima K, Kawaguchi M, Ishimaru Y, Furukawa A, Ohtsuka A. Clenbuterol changes phosphorylated FOXO1 localization and decreases protein degradation in the sartorius muscle of neonatal chicks. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1499-504. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1158629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To investigate the intracellular signaling mechanisms by which clenbuterol reduces muscle protein degradation, we examined the phosphorylation level and intracellular localization of FOXO1 in the sartorius muscle of neonatal chicks. One-day-old chicks were given a single intraperitoneal injection of clenbuterol (0.1 mg/kg body weight). Three hours after injection, AKT protein was phosphorylated in the sartorius muscle by clenbuterol injection. Coincidentally, clenbuterol increased cytosolic level of phosphorylated FOXO1 protein, while it decreased nuclear level of FOXO1 protein in the sartorius muscle. Furthermore, clenbuterol decreased the expression of mRNAs for muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases (atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1) in the sartorius muscle accompanied by decreased plasma 3-methylhistidine concentration, an index of muscle protein degradation, at 3 h after injection. These results suggested that, in the sartorius muscle of the chicks, clenbuterol changed the intracellular localization of phosphorylated FOXO1, and consequently decreased protein degradation via suppressing the expression of genes encoding muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daichi Ijiri
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakashima
- Animal Physiology and Nutrition Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mana Kawaguchi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ishimaru
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Airi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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45
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Gómez-SanMiguel AB, Gomez-Moreira C, Nieto-Bona MP, Fernández-Galaz C, Villanúa MÁ, Martín AI, López-Calderón A. Formoterol decreases muscle wasting as well as inflammation in the rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E925-37. [PMID: 27245339 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00503.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant-induced arthritis is an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis that is associated with body weight loss and muscle wasting. β2-adrenergic receptor agonists are powerful anabolic agents that trigger skeletal muscle hypertrophy and have been proposed as a promising treatment for muscle wasting in human patients. The aim of this work was to determine whether formoterol, a selective β2-adrenoreceptor agonist, is able to ameliorate muscle wasting in arthritic rats. Arthritis was induced in male Wistar rats by intradermal injection of Freund's adjuvant. Control and arthritic rats were injected daily with 50 μg/kg sc formoterol or saline for 12 days. Body weight change, food intake, and arthritis index were analyzed. After euthanasia, in the gastrocnemius mRNA was analyzed by PCR, and proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Arthritis decreased gastrocnemius weight, cross-sectional area, and myofiber size, whereas formoterol increased those variables in both arthritic and control rats. Formoterol decreased the external signs of arthritis as well as NF-κB(p65) activation, TNFα, and COX-2 levels in the gastrocnemius of arthritic and control rats. Those effects of formoterol were associated with a decreased expression of myostatin, atrogin-1, and MuRF1 and in LC3b lipidation. Arthritis increased the expression of MyoD, myogenin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 and -5 in the gastrocnemius. In control and in arthritic rats, treatment with formoterol increased Akt phosphorylation and myogenin levels, whereas it decreased IGFBP-3 expression in the gastrocnemius. These data suggest that formoterol has an anti-inflammatory effect and decreases muscle wasting in arthritic rats through increasing Akt activity and myogenin and decreasing myostatin, the p-NF-κB(p65)/TNF pathway, and IGFBP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Gomez-Moreira
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - María Paz Nieto-Bona
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernández-Galaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Maria Ángeles Villanúa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Ana Isabel Martín
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; and
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Wang H, Li TL, Hsia S, Su IL, Chan YL, Wu CJ. Skeletal muscle atrophy is attenuated in tumor-bearing mice under chemotherapy by treatment with fish oil and selenium. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7758-73. [PMID: 25797259 PMCID: PMC4480714 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy can cause cachexia, which is manifested by weight loss, inflammation and muscle atrophy. However, the mechanisms of tumor and chemotherapy on skeletal muscle proteolysis, remained unclear. In this report, we demonstrated that tumor-induced myostatin in turn induced TNF-α, thus activating calcium-dependent and proteasomal protein degradation. Chemotherapy activated myostatin-mediated proteolysis and muscle atrophy by elevating IL-6. In tumor-bearing mice under chemotherapy, supplementation with fish oil and selenium prevented a rise in IL-6, TNF-α and myostatin and muscle atrophy. The findings presented here allow us to better understand the molecular basis of cancer cachexia and potentiate nutrition supplementation in future cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Simon Hsia
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Li Su
- Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.,Center of Excellence for The Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Bossola M, Marzetti E, Rosa F, Pacelli F. Skeletal muscle regeneration in cancer cachexia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:522-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bossola
- Department of Surgery; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine; Rome Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine; Rome Italy
| | - Fausto Rosa
- Department of Surgery; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine; Rome Italy
| | - Fabio Pacelli
- Department of Surgery; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine; Rome Italy
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48
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Toledo M, Penna F, Oliva F, Luque M, Betancourt A, Marmonti E, López‐Soriano FJ, Argilés JM, Busquets S. A multifactorial anti-cachectic approach for cancer cachexia in a rat model undergoing chemotherapy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:48-59. [PMID: 27066318 PMCID: PMC4799852 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of drugs aimed at counteracting cancer cachexia is generally tested in pre-clinical rodent models, where only the tumour-induced alterations are taken into account, excluding the co-presence of anti-tumour molecules that could worsen the scenario and/or interfere with the treatment. METHODS The aim of the present investigation has been to assess the efficacy of a multifactorial treatment, including formoterol and megestrol acetate, in cachectic tumour-bearing rats (Yoshida AH-130, a highly cachectic tumour) undergoing chemotherapy (sorafenib). RESULTS Treatment of cachectic tumour-bearing rats with sorafenib (90 mg/kg) causes an important decrease in tumour cell content due to both reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. As a consequence, animal survival significantly improves, while cachexia occurrence persists. Multi-factorial treatment using both formoterol and megestrol acetate is highly effective in preventing muscle wasting and has more powerful effects than the single formoterol administration. In addition, both physical activity and grip strength are significantly improved as compared with the untreated tumour-bearing animals. The effects of the multi-factorial treatment include increased food intake (likely due to megestrol acetate) and decreased protein degradation, as shown by the reduced expression of genes associated with both proteasome and calpain proteolytic systems. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the two drugs proved to be a promising strategy for treating cancer cachexia in a pre-clinical setting that better resembles the human condition, thus providing a strong rationale for the use of such combination in clinical trials involving cachectic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Toledo
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Fabio Penna
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Francesc Oliva
- Departament d'Estadística, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Melania Luque
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Angelica Betancourt
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Enrica Marmonti
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Francisco J. López‐Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Josep M. Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Aerobic Exercise and Pharmacological Therapies for Skeletal Myopathy in Heart Failure: Similarities and Differences. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4374671. [PMID: 26904163 PMCID: PMC4745416 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4374671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal myopathy has been identified as a major comorbidity of heart failure (HF) affecting up to 20% of ambulatory patients leading to shortness of breath, early fatigue, and exercise intolerance. Neurohumoral blockade, through the inhibition of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAS) and β-adrenergic receptor blockade (β-blockers), is a mandatory pharmacological therapy of HF since it reduces symptoms, mortality, and sudden death. However, the effect of these drugs on skeletal myopathy needs to be clarified, since exercise intolerance remains in HF patients optimized with β-blockers and inhibitors of RAS. Aerobic exercise training (AET) is efficient in counteracting skeletal myopathy and in improving functional capacity and quality of life. Indeed, AET has beneficial effects on failing heart itself despite being of less magnitude compared with neurohumoral blockade. In this way, AET should be implemented in the care standards, together with pharmacological therapies. Since both neurohumoral inhibition and AET have a direct and/or indirect impact on skeletal muscle, this review aims to provide an overview of the isolated effects of these therapeutic approaches in counteracting skeletal myopathy in HF. The similarities and dissimilarities of neurohumoral inhibition and AET therapies are also discussed to identify potential advantageous effects of these combined therapies for treating HF.
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Murphy KT. The pathogenesis and treatment of cardiac atrophy in cancer cachexia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H466-77. [PMID: 26718971 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00720.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with significant functional impairment. In addition to a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, many patients with cancer cachexia also experience cardiac atrophy, remodeling, and dysfunction, which in the field of cancer cachexia is described as cardiac cachexia. The cardiac alterations may be due to underlying heart disease, the cancer itself, or problems initiated by the cancer treatment and, unfortunately, remains largely underappreciated by clinicians and basic scientists. Despite recent major advances in the treatment of cancer, little progress has been made in the treatment of cardiac cachexia in cancer, and much of this is due to lack of information regarding the mechanisms. This review focuses on the cardiac atrophy associated with cancer cachexia, describing some of the known mechanisms and discussing the current and future therapeutic strategies to treat this condition. Above all else, improved awareness of the condition and an increased focus on identification of mechanisms and therapeutic targets will facilitate the eventual development of an effective treatment for cardiac atrophy in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate T Murphy
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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