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Pivotal Role of Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) in Uterine Leiomyoma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020193. [PMID: 36830563 PMCID: PMC9953523 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are smooth-muscle tumors originating in the myometrium and are the most common pelvic tumors in women of reproductive age. Symptomatic tumors may result in abnormal uterine bleeding, bladder dysfunction, pelvic discomfort, and reproductive issues, such as infertility and miscarriage. There are currently few non-invasive treatments for leiomyoma, but there are no practical early intervention or preventive methods. In this study, human uterine leiomyoma and myometrial tissues were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of UCHL1. To explore the effects of UCHL1 knockdown and inhibition in leiomyoma and myometrial cells, we determined the mRNA expressions of COL1A1 and COL3A1. Collagen gel contraction and wound-healing assays were performed on myometrial and leiomyoma cells. We found that UCHL1 expression was considerably higher in uterine leiomyomas than in the myometrium. COL1A1 and COL3A1 expression levels were downregulated after inhibition of UCHL1 in human leiomyoma cells. Furthermore, the elimination of UCHL1 significantly decreased the migration and contractility of leiomyoma cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that UCHL1 is involved in the growth of leiomyoma in humans. For the treatment of uterine leiomyoma, targeting UCHL1 activity may be a unique and possible therapeutic strategy.
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Gonzalez MA, Olivas IM, Bencomo‐Alvarez AE, Rubio AJ, Barreto‐Vargas C, Lopez JL, Dang SK, Solecki JP, McCall E, Astudillo G, Velazquez VV, Schenkel K, Reffell K, Perkins M, Nguyen N, Apaflo JN, Alvidrez E, Young JE, Lara JJ, Yan D, Senina A, Ahmann J, Varley KE, Mason CC, Eide CA, Druker BJ, Nurunnabi M, Padilla O, Bajpeyi S, Eiring AM. Loss of G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) promotes disease progression and drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) by disrupting glycerophospholipid metabolism. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1146. [PMID: 36536477 PMCID: PMC9763536 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting BCR::ABL1 have turned chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) from a fatal disease into a manageable condition for most patients. Despite improved survival, targeting drug-resistant leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) remains a challenge for curative CML therapy. Aberrant lipid metabolism can have a large impact on membrane dynamics, cell survival and therapeutic responses in cancer. While ceramide and sphingolipid levels were previously correlated with TKI response in CML, the role of lipid metabolism in TKI resistance is not well understood. We have identified downregulation of a critical regulator of lipid metabolism, G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2), in multiple scenarios of TKI resistance, including (1) BCR::ABL1 kinase-independent TKI resistance, (2) progression of CML from the chronic to the blast phase of the disease, and (3) in CML versus normal myeloid progenitors. Accordingly, CML patients with low G0S2 expression levels had a worse overall survival. G0S2 downregulation in CML was not a result of promoter hypermethylation or BCR::ABL1 kinase activity, but was rather due to transcriptional repression by MYC. Using CML cell lines, patient samples and G0s2 knockout (G0s2-/- ) mice, we demonstrate a tumour suppressor role for G0S2 in CML and TKI resistance. Our data suggest that reduced G0S2 protein expression in CML disrupts glycerophospholipid metabolism, correlating with a block of differentiation that renders CML cells resistant to therapy. Altogether, our data unravel a new role for G0S2 in regulating myeloid differentiation and TKI response in CML, and suggest that restoring G0S2 may have clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A. Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineCenter of Emphasis in CancerTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Idaly M. Olivas
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineCenter of Emphasis in CancerTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Alfonso E. Bencomo‐Alvarez
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineCenter of Emphasis in CancerTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Andres J. Rubio
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineCenter of Emphasis in CancerTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | | | - Jose L. Lopez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Sara K. Dang
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Jonathan P. Solecki
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Emily McCall
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Gonzalo Astudillo
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Vanessa V. Velazquez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Katherine Schenkel
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Kelaiah Reffell
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Mariah Perkins
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Jehu N. Apaflo
- Metabolic, Nutrition and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Efren Alvidrez
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - James E. Young
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Joshua J. Lara
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Dongqing Yan
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Anna Senina
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jonathan Ahmann
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Clinton C. Mason
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Christopher A. Eide
- Knight Cancer InstituteDivision of Hematology/Medical OncologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Brian J. Druker
- Knight Cancer InstituteDivision of Hematology/Medical OncologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Osvaldo Padilla
- Department of PathologyTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Sudip Bajpeyi
- Metabolic, Nutrition and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineCenter of Emphasis in CancerTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
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3
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Loss of TACC1 variant25 inducing cell proliferation and suppressing autophagy in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:386. [PMID: 34897285 PMCID: PMC8665927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein1 (TACC1) is closely related to transcription, translation and centrosome dynamics. Dysregulation of TACC1 is associated with multiple malignancies. Alternative splicing (AS) of TACC1 produces multiple variants, which are of great significance in cancer biology. However, the expression and biological functions of TACC1 variants in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that TACC1 variants exhibited a characteristic expression pattern and that TACC1 variant25 (TACC1v25) was downregulated in HNSCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of TACC1v25 in Cal27 and Fadu cells significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted autophagy. Moreover, expression levels of nuclear pERK and p-mTOR were significantly decreased, while the expression of Beclin-1 and the LC3II/LC3I ratio were increased in TACC1v25-overexpressed Cal27 and Fadu cells. After the addition of AKT activator SC79 to TACC1v25-overexpressed Cal27 and Fadu cells, the autophagy levels were remarkably rescued. In conclusion, TACC1v25 inhibits HNSCC progression through the ERK and AKT/mTOR pathways by inhibiting proliferation and increasing autophagy. TACC1v25 might have potential use as a tumour suppressor in HNSCC.
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Yang D, Zhang X, Li Z, Xu F, Tang C, Chen H. Neuromedin U and neurotensin may promote the development of the tumour microenvironment in neuroblastoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11512. [PMID: 34141479 PMCID: PMC8176915 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stage 4S neuroblastoma, as defined by the International Neuroblastoma Staging System committee (INSS), is known to regress spontaneously and have a more favourable outcome compared with stage 4 tumours. Comparing the molecular differences between these two stages may provide insights into the progression of neuroblastoma. Our study aimed to explore the molecular differences in the tumour microenvironment (TME) between INSS stage 4S and stage 4 tumours to provide an insight into the mechanisms underlying the biological processes of neuroblastoma. We downloaded the datasets GSE120572 and GSE73517 from the GEO database and pre-processed them using the limma package. CIBERSORT deconvolution agorithm was applied to analyse the differences in 22 infiltrating immune leukocyte subsets between the two stages. We used gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to determine the biological process (BP) annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the online WebGestalt tool. Hub genes were determined in the STRING database and Cytoscape, and the expression of these genes was verified in the Oncomine database. Then these critical genes were performed survival analysis in TARGET database. We further validated the hub genes using a transwell assay and wound healing assay to detect the function of the genes in the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE(2). GO analysis revealed that the 216 DEGs between stage 4S and stage 4 were enriched in aggressive biological processes. Neuromedin U (NMU) and neurotensin (NTS), which were significantly associated with patients’ overall survival rate, were verified to be elevated in stage 4, and to promote the proliferation and invasion of the SK-N-BE(2) cell. Tumour infiltrating leukocyte analysis showed a high infiltration of regulatory T cells and type 2 tumour-associated macrophages in stage 4 but not in stage 4S. Results of gene co-expression correlation, and the results of previous studies, suggest that NMU and NTS may play certain roles in modulating TME, thus facilitating the progression of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheqian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjie Tang
- Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Karlik E, Gurbuz O, Yildiz Y, Gozukirmizi N. Endogenous retrovirus HERV-K6 and HERV-K11 polymorphisms’ analyses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lipid Metabolism in Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:117-131. [PMID: 33740247 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor- or cancer-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), one of the most abundant stromal cell types in various carcinomas, consist of a heterogeneous cell population. Typically, TAFs are assigned with pro-tumor activities to promote tumor growth and progression. One of the key features of solid tumors is the metabolic reprogramming that induces alterations of bioenergetics and biosynthesis in both tumor cells and TAFs. Therefore, this review emphasizes TAFs lipid metabolism related to both TAFs differentiation process and TAFs crosstalk with cancer cells. We hope that this review will help understand lipid metabolism in tumor microenvironment, and support the rational design of metabolism-based approaches to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.
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7
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Przygodzka P, Soboska K, Sochacka E, Boncela J. Neuromedin U: A Small Peptide in the Big World of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091312. [PMID: 31492042 PMCID: PMC6770777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU), a neuropeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord and named because of its activity as a rat uterus smooth muscle contraction inducer, is emerging as a new player in the tumorigenesis and/or metastasis of many types of cancers. Expressed in a variety of tissues, NMU has been shown to possess many important activities in the central nervous system as well as on the periphery. Along with the main structural and functional features of NMU and its currently known receptors, we summarized a growing number of recently published data from different tissues and cells that associate NMU activity with cancer development and progression. We ask if, based on current reports, NMU can be included as a marker of these processes and/or considered as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Przygodzka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Kamila Soboska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Str, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Sochacka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Str, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
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8
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Wang X, Chen X, Zhou H, Qian Y, Han N, Tian X, Pan L, Li Y. The Long Noncoding RNA, LINC01555, Promotes Invasion and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer by Activating the Neuropeptide, Neuromedin U. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4014-4024. [PMID: 31144675 PMCID: PMC6559001 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the role of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), LINC01555, on the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, its expression in CRC tissue, and its interaction with the neuropeptide, neuromedin U (NmU). Material/Methods LINC01555 expression in SW620 and HCT116 CRC cells, and NCM460 normal colorectal cells, and 48 resection specimens containing CRC and adjacent normal tissue, was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cox regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between LINC01555 expression and patient survival. The effects of LINC01555 expression on CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, the colony formation assay, and the transwell assay. Functional studies determined the interaction between LINC01555 and NmU in the development of CRC. Results The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset showed that LINC01555 was highly expressed in CRC tissue when compared with adjacent normal colorectal tissue. LINC01555 expression was positively correlated with tumor stage, but negatively correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) and was an independent risk factor for CRC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the diagnostic specificity of LINC01555 in CRC. Knockdown of LINC01555 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. Functional studies showed that knockdown of NmU reduced cell migration and invasion of CRC cells that overexpressed LINC01555. Conclusions Increased expression of LINC01555 was found in CRC tissues and promoted the invasion of CRC cells by upregulating the expression of NmU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Medical School of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Haihua Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Medical School of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Medical School of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Han
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Medical School of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqing Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Medical School of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Linlin Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Medical School of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Medical School of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Hosoda K, Watanabe M, Yamashita K. Re-emerging role of macroscopic appearance in treatment strategy for gastric cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2019; 3:122-129. [PMID: 30923781 PMCID: PMC6422795 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological outcomes are definitely the most important prognostic factors in gastric cancer, but they can be obtained only after surgical resection. Use of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is becoming widespread for aggressive human cancer, so clinical factors such as macroscopic features are important as they are highly predictive for patient prognosis. In gastric cancer, the macroscopic type represents a distinct prognosis; Type 0 represents early gastric cancer with excellent prognosis, but, among advanced tumors, giant Type III and Type IV tumors have a dismal prognosis. Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) Stomach Cancer Study Group adopted macroscopic features as high-risk entities in clinical trials. It makes sense for risk classification to use macroscopic phenotypes because The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Network has lately subcategorized different histologies associated with specific macroscopic types by the molecular features of the whole genome. Dismal prognosis of Type IV gastric cancer is notorious, but similar prognosis was seen in giant Type III gastric cancer defined as 8 cm or beyond, both of which are unique for their propensity of peritoneal dissemination. In this review, clinical relevance including prognosis of such macroscopic high-risk features will be separately debated in the context of precision medicine and updated prognostic outcomes will be presented under the present standard therapy of curative surgery followed by postoperative S-1 chemotherapy. Moreover, promising emerging novel therapeutic strategies including trimodal potent regimens or intraperitoneal chemotherapy will be described for such aggressive gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hosoda
- Department of SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
- Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Research and Development Center for New Medical FrontiersKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
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10
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Mohan DR, Lerario AM, Else T, Mukherjee B, Almeida MQ, Vinco M, Rege J, Mariani BMP, Zerbini MCN, Mendonca BB, Latronico AC, Marie SKN, Rainey WE, Giordano TJ, Fragoso MCBV, Hammer GD. Targeted Assessment of G0S2 Methylation Identifies a Rapidly Recurrent, Routinely Fatal Molecular Subtype of Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3276-3288. [PMID: 30770352 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with few therapies; however, patients with locoregional disease have variable outcomes. The Cancer Genome Atlas project on ACC (ACC-TCGA) identified that cancers of patients with homogeneously rapidly recurrent or fatal disease bear a unique CpG island hypermethylation phenotype, "CIMP-high." We sought to identify a biomarker that faithfully captures this subgroup.Experimental Design: We analyzed ACC-TCGA data to characterize differentially regulated biological processes, and identify a biomarker that is methylated and silenced exclusively in CIMP-high ACC. In an independent cohort of 114 adrenocortical tumors (80 treatment-naive primary ACC, 22 adrenocortical adenomas, and 12 non-naive/nonprimary ACC), we evaluated biomarker methylation by a restriction digest/qPCR-based approach, validated by targeted bisulfite sequencing. We evaluated expression of this biomarker and additional prognostic markers by qPCR. RESULTS We show that CIMP-high ACC is characterized by upregulation of cell cycle and DNA damage response programs, and identify that hypermethylation and silencing of G0S2 distinguishes this subgroup. We confirmed G0S2 hypermethylation and silencing is exclusive to 40% of ACC, and independently predicts shorter disease-free and overall survival (median 14 and 17 months, respectively). Finally, G0S2 methylation combined with validated molecular markers (BUB1B-PINK1) stratifies ACC into three groups, with uniformly favorable, intermediate, and uniformly dismal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS G0S2 hypermethylation is a hallmark of rapidly recurrent or fatal ACC, amenable to targeted assessment using routine molecular diagnostics. Assessing G0S2 methylation is straightforward, feasible for clinical decision-making, and will enable the direction of efficacious adjuvant therapies for patients with aggressive ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika R Mohan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Antonio Marcondes Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tobias Else
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Madson Q Almeida
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - ICESP, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Vinco
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juilee Rege
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Beatriz M P Mariani
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia N Zerbini
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Berenice B Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely K N Marie
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Celular/LIM15, Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - William E Rainey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas J Giordano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria Candida B V Fragoso
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - ICESP, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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11
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Yamashita K, Hosoda K, Nishizawa N, Katoh H, Watanabe M. Epigenetic biomarkers of promoter DNA methylation in the new era of cancer treatment. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3695-3706. [PMID: 30264476 PMCID: PMC6272087 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter DNA methylation, which occurs on cytosine nucleotides across CpG islands, results in gene silencing and represents a major epigenetic alteration in human cancer. Methylation-specific PCR can amplify these modifications as markers in cancer cells. In the present work, we rigorously review the published literatures describing DNA methylation in the promoters of critical tumor suppressor genes; detection of promoter DNA methylation in various body fluids permits early detection of cancer cells during perioperative courses of clinical treatment. The latest whole-genome comprehensive explorations identified excellent epigenetic biomarkers that could be detected at high frequency with high specificity; these biomarkers, which are designated highly relevant methylation genes (HRMG), permit the discrimination of tumor tissues from the corresponding normal tissues; these markers are also associated with unique cancer phenotypes, including dismal prognosis. In humans, HRMG include the CDO1, GSHR, RASSF1 and SFRP1 genes, with these markers permitting discrimination depending on the organs tested. The combination of several HRMG increased the early detection of cancer and exhibited reliable surveillance potential in human body fluids. Cancer clinics using such epigenetic biomarkers are entering a new era of enhanced decision-making with the potential for improved cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamashita
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
- Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Research and Development Center for New Medical FrontiersKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Kei Hosoda
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | | | - Hiroshi Katoh
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
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12
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de Carvalho AC, Melendez ME, da Silva Sabato C, Palmero EI, Arantes LMRB, Neto CS, Carvalho AL. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Surgically Treated Oropharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma Samples. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1047-1058. [PMID: 30099696 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the clinical and molecular features of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) may help in the development of strategies for a better patient management, improving survival rates. This retrospective study conducted a clinical and molecular characterization of surgically treated OPSCC samples. Paraffin-embedded samples from a series of cases were screened for high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, methylation of a 5-gene panel, p53 expression, and TP53 mutation. The study was conducted at Barretos Cancer Hospital. Twenty-five surgically treated OPSCC with available tissue were included in the study. Samples were classified according to HPV status and molecular features and some of these characteristics were associated to clinical data. Twenty percent of the cases were HR-HPV positive and 62.5% presented TP53 mutations. DAPK hypermethylation was associated with HPV status (p = 0.023), while methylated CCNA1 was inversely related to TP53 mutations in primary tumors (p = 0.042) and associated with a better disease-free survival (22.3% vs. 100.0%; p = 0.028) and overall survival (8.0% vs. 100.0%; p = 0.012). The results show differences regarding molecular and clinical characteristics in the oropharynx cases identified that should be validated in more cases to confirm whether these differences are able to classify patients according to outcome and help in a more thorough patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina de Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil.
| | - Matias Eliseo Melendez
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Edenir Inez Palmero
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Cristovam Scapulatempo Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
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13
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Nardi F, Fitchev P, Franco OE, Ivanisevic J, Scheibler A, Hayward SW, Brendler CB, Welte MA, Crawford SE. PEDF regulates plasticity of a novel lipid-MTOC axis in prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.213579. [PMID: 29792311 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate tumors make metabolic adaptations to ensure adequate energy and amplify cell cycle regulators, such as centrosomes, to sustain their proliferative capacity. It is not known whether cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) undergo metabolic re-programming. We postulated that CAFs augment lipid storage and amplify centrosomal or non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) through a pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)-dependent lipid-MTOC signaling axis. Primary human normal prostate fibroblasts (NFs) and CAFs were evaluated for lipid content, triacylglycerol-regulating proteins, MTOC number and distribution. CAFs were found to store more neutral lipids than NFs. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and PEDF were strongly expressed in NFs, whereas CAFs had minimal to undetectable levels of PEDF or ATGL protein. At baseline, CAFs demonstrated MTOC amplification when compared to 1-2 perinuclear MTOCs consistently observed in NFs. Treatment with PEDF or blockade of lipogenesis suppressed lipid content and MTOC number. In summary, our data support that CAFs have acquired a tumor-like phenotype by re-programming lipid metabolism and amplifying MTOCs. Normalization of MTOCs by restoring PEDF or by blocking lipogenesis highlights a previously unrecognized plasticity in centrosomes, which is regulated through a new lipid-MTOC axis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nardi
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Philip Fitchev
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Omar E Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Jelena Ivanisevic
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Adrian Scheibler
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Simon W Hayward
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Charles B Brendler
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Michael A Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States
| | - Susan E Crawford
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
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14
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Sun H, Wang Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang S. pETM: a penalized Exponential Tilt Model for analysis of correlated high-dimensional DNA methylation data. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:1765-1772. [PMID: 28165116 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation DNA methylation plays an important role in many biological processes and cancer progression. Recent studies have found that there are also differences in methylation variations in different groups other than differences in methylation means. Several methods have been developed that consider both mean and variance signals in order to improve statistical power of detecting differentially methylated loci. Moreover, as methylation levels of neighboring CpG sites are known to be strongly correlated, methods that incorporate correlations have also been developed. We previously developed a network-based penalized logistic regression for correlated methylation data, but only focusing on mean signals. We have also developed a generalized exponential tilt model that captures both mean and variance signals but only examining one CpG site at a time. Results In this article, we proposed a penalized Exponential Tilt Model (pETM) using network-based regularization that captures both mean and variance signals in DNA methylation data and takes into account the correlations among nearby CpG sites. By combining the strength of the two models we previously developed, we demonstrated the superior power and better performance of the pETM method through simulations and the applications to the 450K DNA methylation array data of the four breast invasive carcinoma cancer subtypes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. The developed pETM method identifies many cancer-related methylation loci that were missed by our previously developed method that considers correlations among nearby methylation loci but not variance signals. Availability and Implementation The R package 'pETM' is publicly available through CRAN: http://cran.r-project.org . Contact sw2206@columbia.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokeun Sun
- Department of Statistics, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Nobeyama Y, Watanabe Y, Nakagawa H. Silencing of G0/G1 switch gene 2 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187047. [PMID: 29073263 PMCID: PMC5658152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methylation of a CpG island (CGI; a dense cluster of CpGs) located in the 5' region of a gene suppresses that gene's transcription. The expression of G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is potentially associated with tumorigenesis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the methylation status of the CGI located in the 5' region of G0S2 (hereinafter called 5' G0S2 CGI) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods Quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR (RT-MSP) and bisulfite sequencing were performed to evaluate the methylation statuses of cutaneous SCC and normal epithelial cell samples. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR was performed to evaluate RNA expression levels. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect protein expression. Results G0S2 was suppressed in the five SCC cell lines with 5' G0S2 CGI methylation levels of nearly 100.0% and was expressed in the two normal cultured keratinocytes with methylation levels of almost 0.0%. G0S2 was re-expressed in SCC cell lines treated with a demethylating agent. The in vivo methylation levels of 5' G0S2 CGI as determined by RT-MSP varied widely (0.0% to 77.7%) in 17 cutaneous SCC samples and narrowly (0.1% to 7.3%) in 6 normal epidermis samples. Nine cutaneous SCC samples exhibited higher methylation levels than the highest methylation level (7.3%) of the 6 normal epidermis samples. Bisulfite sequencing showed dense methylated CpG sites within 5' G0S2 CGI in these highly methylated cutaneous SCC samples. The methylation levels of the cutaneous SCC samples did not correlate with any clinical parameters investigated or with histopathological grading. Conclusions G0S2 is silenced by aberrant DNA methylation in a subset of cutaneous SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Nobeyama
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Guerrero-Preston R, White JR, Godoy-Vitorino F, Rodríguez-Hilario A, Navarro K, González H, Michailidi C, Jedlicka A, Canapp S, Bondy J, Dziedzic A, Mora-Lagos B, Rivera-Alvarez G, Ili-Gangas C, Brebi-Mieville P, Westra W, Koch W, Kang H, Marchionni L, Kim Y, Sidransky D. High-resolution microbiome profiling uncovers Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus gasseri/johnsonii, and Lactobacillus vaginalis associated to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in saliva from HPV positive and HPV negative patients treated with surgery and chemo-radiation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110931-110948. [PMID: 29340028 PMCID: PMC5762296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiome studies show altered microbiota in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), both in terms of taxonomic composition and metabolic capacity. These studies utilized a traditional bioinformatics methodology, which allows for accurate taxonomic assignment down to the genus level, but cannot accurately resolve species level membership. We applied Resphera Insight, a high-resolution methodology for 16S rRNA taxonomic assignment that is able to provide species-level context in its assignments of 16S rRNA next generation sequencing (NGS) data. Resphera Insight applied to saliva samples from HNSCC patients and healthy controls led to the discovery that a subset of HNSCC saliva samples is significantly enriched with commensal species from the vaginal flora, including Lactobacillus gasseri/johnsonii (710x higher in saliva) and Lactobacillus vaginalis (52x higher in saliva). These species were not observed in normal saliva from Johns Hopkins patients, nor in 16S rRNA NGS saliva samples from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP). Interestingly, both species were only observed in saliva from Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) positive and HPV negative oropharyngeal cancer patients. We confirmed the representation of both species in HMP data obtained from mid-vagina (n=128) and vaginal introitus (n=121) samples. Resphera Insight also led to the discovery that Fusobacterium nucleatum, an oral cavity flora commensal bacterium linked to colon cancer, is enriched (600x higher) in saliva from a subset of HNSCC patients with advanced tumors stages. Together, these high-resolution analyses on 583 samples suggest a possible role for bacterial species in the therapeutic outcome of HPV positive and HPV negative HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Guerrero-Preston
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - James Robert White
- Department of Computational Biology Resphera Biosciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Natural Sciences Department, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Lab, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Arnold Rodríguez-Hilario
- Natural Sciences Department, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Lab, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kelvin Navarro
- Natural Sciences Department, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Lab, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Herminio González
- Natural Sciences Department, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Lab, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Christina Michailidi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Jedlicka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sierra Canapp
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Bondy
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda Dziedzic
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara Mora-Lagos
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gustavo Rivera-Alvarez
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Carmen Ili-Gangas
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi-Mieville
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - William Westra
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wayne Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyunseok Kang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Sugaya Y, Satoh H. Liver-specific G 0 /G 1 switch gene 2 (G0s2) expression promotes hepatic insulin resistance by exacerbating hepatic steatosis in male Wistar rats. J Diabetes 2017; 9:754-763. [PMID: 27624922 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is strongly associated with insulin resistance. It has been reported that G0 /G1 switch gene 2 (G0s2) inhibits the lipolytic activity of adipose triglyceride lipase, which is a major lipase in the liver as well as in adipocytes. Moreover, G0s2 protein content is increased in the livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hepatic G0s2 on insulin sensitivity in male Wistar rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed a 60% HFD for 4 weeks. After 3 weeks of feeding, rats were injected with adenovirus-expressing green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP; control) or adenovirus-expressing mouse G0s2 (Ad-G0s2). On Day 7 after injection, a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp study was performed in rats fasted for 8 h. RESULTS Body weight and fasting glucose levels were not significantly different between the Ad-GFP and Ad-G0s2 groups. During the clamp study, the glucose infusion rate required for euglycemia decreased significantly by 16% in the Ad-G0s2 compared with Ad-GFP group. The insulin-suppressed hepatic glucose output increased significantly in the Ad-G0s2 group, but the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate was not significantly different between the two groups. Consistent with the clamp data, insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt decreased significantly in livers of rats injected with Ad-G0s2. Furthermore, Oil Red O-staining indicated that overexpression of G0s2 protein in the liver promoted hepatic steatosis by 2.5-fold in HFD-fed rats. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that hepatic G0s2 protein may promote hepatic insulin resistance by exacerbating hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Sugaya
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Satoh
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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18
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α-Chymotrypsin regulates free fatty acids and UCHL-1 to ameliorate N-methyl nitrosourea induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino wistar rats. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:277-286. [PMID: 27671329 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of α-chymotrypsin on methyl nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino wistar rats. Animals were randomized into four groups (six animals in each). Group I (sham control 0.9 % normal saline p.o.); Group II (toxic control, MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v.); Group III (α-chymotrypsin, 5 mg/kg, p.o.); Group IV (α-chymotrypsin, 10 mg/kg p.o.). Toxicity was induced by single i.v. injection of MNU followed by α-chymotrypsin supplementation therapy for 100 days. MNU treatment was evident with increased alveolar bud count, differentiation score, upregulated inflammatory enzymes markers (COX, LOX and NO) antioxidative stress markers (TBARs, SOD, catalase and GSH).MNU associated toxicity was also ascertained by PGP 9.5 and NF-κB expression in the mammary gland tissue followed by FAME analysis for fatty acid profiling. α-chymotrypsin afforded significant protection against the deleterious effects of MNU.
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19
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Ribeiro IP, Caramelo F, Marques F, Domingues A, Mesquita M, Barroso L, Prazeres H, Julião MJ, Baptista IP, Ferreira A, Melo JB, Carreira IM. WT1, MSH6, GATA5 and PAX5 as epigenetic oral squamous cell carcinoma biomarkers - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:573-582. [PMID: 27491556 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a frequently occurring aggressive malignancy with a heterogeneous clinical behavior. Based on the paucity of specific early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, which hampers the appropriate treatment and, ultimately the development of novel targeted therapies, we aimed at identifying such biomarkers through a genetic and epigenetic analysis of these tumors. METHODS 93 primary OSCCs were subjected to DNA copy number alteration (CNA) and methylation status analyses using methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MPLA). The genetic and epigenetic OSCC profiles obtained were associated with the patients' clinic-pathological features. RESULTS We found that WT1 gene promoter methylation is a predictor of a better prognosis and that MSH6 and GATA5 gene promoter methylation serve as predictors of a worse prognosis. GATA5 gene promoter methylation was found to be significantly associated with a shorter survival rate. In addition, we found that PAX5 gene promoter methylation was significantly associated with tongue tumors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that highlights this specific set of genes as epigenetic diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in OSCC. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the importance of epigenetically assessing OSCCs to identify key genes that may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and, potentially, as candidate therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda Patrícia Ribeiro
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, IBILI - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Marques
- CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Stomatology Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), EPE, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Domingues
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Mesquita
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), EPE, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonor Barroso
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), EPE, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugo Prazeres
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Coimbra FG, EPE, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria José Julião
- Department of Pathology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), EPE, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Poiares Baptista
- CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Ferreira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), EPE, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Barbosa Melo
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.
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20
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Zagani R, El-Assaad W, Gamache I, Teodoro JG. Inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) by the putative tumor suppressor G0S2 or a small molecule inhibitor attenuates the growth of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28282-95. [PMID: 26318046 PMCID: PMC4695060 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is methylated and silenced in a wide range of human cancers. The protein encoded by G0S2 is an endogenous inhibitor of lipid catabolism that directly binds adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). ATGL is the rate-limiting step in triglyceride metabolism. Although the G0S2 gene is silenced in cancer, the impact of ATGL in the growth and survival of cancer cells has never been addressed. Here we show that ectopic expression of G0S2 in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCL) inhibits triglyceride catabolism and results in lower cell growth. Similarly, knockdown of ATGL increased triglyceride levels, attenuated cell growth and promoted apoptosis. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous G0S2 enhanced the growth and invasiveness of cancer cells. G0S2 is strongly induced in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells in response to all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and we show that inhibition of ATGL in these cells by G0S2 is required for efficacy of ATRA treatment. Our data uncover a novel tumor suppressor mechanism by which G0S2 directly inhibits activity of a key intracellular lipase. Our results suggest that elevated ATGL activity may be a general property of many cancer types and potentially represents a novel target for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Zagani
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Wissal El-Assaad
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Gamache
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jose G Teodoro
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Manral C, Roy S, Singh M, Gautam S, Yadav RK, Rawat JK, Devi U, Ansari MN, Saeedan AS, Kaithwas G. Effect of β-sitosterol against methyl nitrosourea-induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:260. [PMID: 27473871 PMCID: PMC4966711 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was in quested to study the effects of β-sitosterol on methyl nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino wistar rats. METHODS Animals were randomized and divided into four groups of eight animals each. Group I (sham control 1 % CMC in normal saline p.o.); Group II (toxic control, MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v); Group III (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 10 mg/kg, p.o); Group IV (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 20 mg/kg, p.o). Toxicity was induced by single i.v. injection of MNU followed by β-sitosterol supplementation therapy for 115 days at the dose mentioned above. RESULTS Treatment with β-sitosterol evidenced decrease in the alveolar bud and lobule score in the whole mount of the mammary gland. β-sitosterol exhibited diminishing effect on oxidative stress through synchronizing lipid and enzymatic antioxidant defense. A significant decrease in the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid was evident with the MNU treatment and β-sitosterol demonstrated a marked effect on it. Pgp 9.5 expression was dose dependently upregulated by β-sitosterol treatment in comparison to MNU treatment. On the contrary, downregulated NF-kB expression was perceived, when β-sitosterol was concomitantly administered with MNU. CONCLUSION β-sitosterol afforded significant protection against the deleterious effects of MNU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Manral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Swetlana Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Rajnish K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Jitendra K Rawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Uma Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FHMSIASM SHIATS-Deemed University (Formerly Allahabad Agriculture Institute), Naini, Allahabad, 211007, (U.P.), India
| | - Md Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
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22
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Wang L, Chen C, Li F, Hua QQ, Chen S, Xiao B, Dai M, Li M, Zheng A, Yu D, Hu ZW, Tao Z. Overexpression of neuromedin U is correlated with regional metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1075-82. [PMID: 27279246 PMCID: PMC4940074 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional metastasis is an important prognostic factor for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Neuromedin U (Nmu) is a secreted neuropeptide, named due to its potent uterine contraction‑inducing activity. The aim of the present study was to analyze the significance of Nmu in the regional metastasis of HNSCC. The characteristics of 240 patients recruited from the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan, China) were summarized retrospectively. The positive rate of neck dissection was analyzed according to the material. The expression levels of Nmu in human tumor samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the expression of Nmu was investigated using a tissue microassay to analyze the association between Nmu protein expression and Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) status. The positive rate of neck dissection was 51.4% in the study sample. The expression levels of Nmu in primary tumors with regional metastasis were higher, compared with those without metastasis. There was increased protein expression of Nmu in the advanced tumor tissues. The data obtained in the present study demonstrated that the expression of Nmu was correlated with regional metastasis and TNM status. Overexpression of Nmu may be involved in the process of regional metastasis of HNSCC, and may serve as a novel and valuable biomarker for predicting regional metastasis in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Quan Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bokui Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Anyuan Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Wei Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Deletion of the putative tumor suppressor gene, G0s2, does not affect progression of Eμ-Myc driven lymphomas in mice. Leuk Res 2015; 40:100-2. [PMID: 26654706 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several recent reports have suggested that the G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is a potential tumor suppressor in leukemia. Here we show that deletion of the G0s2 gene in mouse does not affect the latency of cancer progression in the Eμ-Myc model of lymphoma. Our findings do not rule out the possibility that G0S2 may be playing a role in other forms of leukemia, but clearly show that the commonly used Eμ-Myc transgenic is not the correct model to conduct studies on G0s2.
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24
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Waraya M, Yamashita K, Ema A, Katada N, Kikuchi S, Watanabe M. Exclusive Association of p53 Mutation with Super-High Methylation of Tumor Suppressor Genes in the p53 Pathway in a Unique Gastric Cancer Phenotype. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139902. [PMID: 26447864 PMCID: PMC4598091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A comprehensive search for DNA methylated genes identified candidate tumor suppressor genes that have been proven to be involved in the apoptotic process of the p53 pathway. In this study, we investigated p53 mutation in relation to such epigenetic alteration in primary gastric cancer. Methods The methylation profiles of the 3 genes: PGP9.5, NMDAR2B, and CCNA1, which are involved in the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in combination with p53 mutation were examined in 163 primary gastric cancers. The effect of epigenetic reversion in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs on apoptosis was also assessed according to the tumor p53 mutation status. Results p53 gene mutations were found in 44 primary gastric tumors (27%), and super-high methylation of any of the 3 genes was only found in cases with wild type p53. Higher p53 pathway aberration was found in cases with male gender (p = 0.003), intestinal type (p = 0.005), and non-infiltrating type (p = 0.001). The p53 pathway aberration group exhibited less recurrence in lymph nodes, distant organs, and peritoneum than the p53 non-aberration group. In the NUGC4 gastric cancer cell line (p53 wild type), epigenetic treatment augmented apoptosis by chemotherapeutic drugs, partially through p53 transcription activity. On the other hand, in the KATO III cancer cell line (p53 mutant), epigenetic treatment alone induced robust apoptosis, with no trans-activation of p53. Conclusion In gastric cancer, p53 relevant and non-relevant pathways exist, and tumors with either pathway type exhibited unique clinical features. Epigenetic treatments can induce apoptosis partially through p53 activation, however their apoptotic effects may be explained largely by mechanism other than through p53 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Waraya
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akira Ema
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Natsuya Katada
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Shiro Kikuchi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
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25
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Chalertpet K, Pakdeechaidan W, Patel V, Mutirangura A, Yanatatsaneejit P. Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein mediates CCNA1 promoter methylation. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1333-40. [PMID: 26250467 PMCID: PMC4638020 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins drive distinctive promoter methylation patterns in cancer. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Cyclin A1 (CCNA1) promoter methylation is strongly associated with HPV-associated cancer. CCNA1 methylation is found in HPV-associated cervical cancers, as well as in head and neck squamous cell cancer. Numerous pieces of evidence suggest that E7 may drive CCNA1 methylation. First, the CCNA1 promoter is methylated in HPV-positive epithelial lesions after transformation. Second, the CCNA1 promoter is methylated at a high level when HPV is integrated into the human genome. Finally, E7 has been shown to interact with DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1). Here, we sought to determine the mechanism by which E7 increases methylation in cervical cancer by using CCNA1 as a gene model. We investigated whether E7 induces CCNA1 promoter methylation, resulting in the loss of expression. Using both E7 knockdown and overexpression approaches in SiHa and C33a cells, our data showed that CCNA1 promoter methylation decreases with a corresponding increase in expression in E7 siRNA-transfected cells. By contrast, CCNA1 promoter methylation was augmented with a corresponding reduction in expression in E7-overexpressing cells. To confirm whether the binding of the E7-Dnmt1 complex to the CCNA1 promoter induced methylation and loss of expression, ChIP assays were carried out in E7-, del CR3-E7 and vector control-overexpressing C33a cells. The data showed that E7 induced CCNA1 methylation by forming a complex with Dnmt1 at the CCNA1 promoter, resulting in the subsequent reduction of expression in cancers. It is interesting to further explore the genome-wide mechanism of E7 oncoprotein-mediated DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwalat Chalertpet
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Pakdeechaidan
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical CentreSubang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattamawadee Yanatatsaneejit
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Chujan S, Kitkumthorn N, Siriangkul S, Mutirangura A. CCNA1 promoter methylation: a potential marker for grading Papanicolaou smear cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7971-5. [PMID: 25292097 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From our previous study, we established that cyclin A1 (CCNA1) promoter methylation is strongly correlated with multistep progression of HPV-associated cervical cancer, suggesting potential use as a diagnostic maker of disease. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of CCNA1 promoter methylation in residual cervical cells isolated from liquid-based cytology that underwent hrHPV DNA screening for cervical cancer, and then to evaluate this marker for diagnostic accuracy using parameters like sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratio. METHODS In this retrospective study, histopathology was used as the gold standard method with specimens separated into the following groups: negative (n=31), low- grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, n=34) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+, n=32). The hrHPV was detected by Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) and CCNA1 promoter methylation was examined by CCNA1 duplex methylation specific PCR. RESULTS The results showed the frequencies of CCNA1 promoter methylation were 0%, 5.88% and 83.33%, while the percentages of hrHPV were 66.67%, 82.35% and 100% in the negative, LSIL and HSIL+ groups, respectively. Although hrHPV infection showed high frequency in all three groups, it could not differentiate between the different groups and grades of precancerous lesions. In contrast, CCNA1 promoter methylation clearly distinguished between negative/LSIL and HSIL+, with high levels of all statistic parameters. CONCLUSION CCNA1 promoter methylation is a potential marker for distinguishing between histologic negative/LSIL and HSIL+using cervical cytology samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthipong Chujan
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok ThailandE-mail :
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Maldonado L, Brait M, Michailidi C, Munari E, Driscoll T, Schultz L, Bivalacqua T, Schoenberg M, Sidransky D, Netto GJ, Hoque MO. An epigenetic marker panel for recurrence risk prediction of low grade papillary urothelial cell carcinoma (LGPUCC) and its potential use for surveillance after transurethral resection using urine. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5218-33. [PMID: 24980822 PMCID: PMC4170626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By a candidate gene approach, we analyzed the promoter methylation (PM) of 8 genes genes (ARF, TIMP3, RAR-β2, NID2, CCNA1, AIM1, CALCA and CCND2) by quantitative methylation specific PCR (QMSP) in DNA of 17 non-recurrent and 19 recurrent noninvasive low grade papillary urothelial cell carcinoma (LGPUCC) archival tissues. Among the genes tested, by establishing an empiric cutoff value, CCND2, CCNA1, NID2, and CALCA showed higher frequency of methylation in recurrent than in non-recurrent LGPUCC: CCND2 10/19 (53%) vs. 2/17 (12%) (p=0.014); CCNA1 11/19 (58%) vs. 4/17 (23.5%) (p=0.048); NID2 13/19 (68%) vs. 3/17 (18%) (p=0.003) and CALCA 10/19 (53%) vs. 4/17 (23.5%) (p=0.097), respectively. We further analyzed PM of CCND2, CCNA1, and CALCA in urine DNA from UCC patients including LGPUCC and controls. The frequency of CCND2, CCNA1 and CALCA was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in urine of UCC cases [ 38/148 (26%), 50/73 (68%) and 94/148 (63.5%) respectively] than controls [0/56 (0%), 10/60 (17%) and 16/56 (28.5%), respectively)]. Most importantly we found any one of the 3 markers methylation positive in 25 out of 30 (83%) cytology negative LGPUCC cases. We also explored the biological function of CCNA1 in UCC. Prospective confirmatory studies are needed to develop a reliable tool for prediction of recurrence using primary LGPUCC tissues and/or urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Maldonado
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mariana Brait
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Christina Michailidi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tina Driscoll
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luciana Schultz
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Trinity Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Schoenberg
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammad Obaidul Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Lee PH, Yamada T, Park CS, Shen Y, Puppi M, Lacorazza HD. G0S2 modulates homeostatic proliferation of naïve CD8⁺ T cells and inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:605-15. [PMID: 25666096 PMCID: PMC4531109 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, diverse functions have been attributed to the G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2), from lipid metabolism to control of cell proliferation. Our group showed for the first time that G0S2 promotes quiescence in hematopoietic stem cells by interacting with and retaining nucleolin around the nucleus. Herein, we report the role of G0S2 in the differentiation and function of CD8+ T cells examined in mice with an embryonic deletion of the G0s2 gene. G0S2 expression in naïve CD8+ T cells decreased immediately after T-cell receptor activation downstream of the MAPK, calcium/calmodulin, PI3K, and mTOR pathways. Surprisingly, G0S2-null naïve CD8+ T cells displayed increased basal and spare respiratory capacity that was not associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis but with increased phosphorylation of AMPKα. Naïve CD8+ T cells showed increased proliferation in response to in vitro activation and in vivo lymphopenia; however, naïve CD8+ T cells expressing the OT-1 transgene exhibited normal differentiation of naïve cells to effector and memory CD8+ T cells upon infection with Listeria monocytogenes in a wild type or a G0s2-null environment, with increased circulating levels of free fatty acids. Collectively, our results suggest that G0S2 inhibits energy production by oxidative phosphorylation to fine-tune proliferation in homeostatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsien Lee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chun Shik Park
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Monica Puppi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Daniel Lacorazza
- 1] Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Martinez VG, O'Driscoll L. Neuromedin U: a multifunctional neuropeptide with pleiotropic roles. Clin Chem 2015; 61:471-82. [PMID: 25605682 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.231753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromedin U (NmU) belongs to the neuromedin family, comprising a series of neuropeptides involved in the gut-brain axis and including neuromedins B and C (bombesin-like), K (neurokinin B), L (neurokinin A or neurotensin), N, S, and U. CONTENT Although initially isolated from porcine spinal cord on the basis of their ability to induce uterine smooth muscle contraction, these peptides have now been found to be expressed in several different tissues and have been ascribed numerous functions, from appetite regulation and energy balance control to muscle contraction and tumor progression. NmU has been detected in several species to date, particularly in mammals (pig, rat, rabbit, dog, guinea pig, human), but also in amphibian, avian, and fish species. The NmU sequence is highly conserved across different species, indicating that this peptide is ancient and plays an important biological role. Here, we summarize the main structural and functional characteristics of NmU and describe its many roles, highlighting the jack-of-all-trades nature of this neuropeptide. SUMMARY NmU involvement in key processes has outlined the possibility that this neuropeptide could be a novel target for the treatment of obesity and cancer, among other disorders. Although the potential for NmU as a therapeutic target is obvious, the multiple functions of this molecule should be taken into account when designing an approach to targeting NmU and/or its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa G Martinez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Correlation of CCNA1 promoter methylation with malignant tumors: a meta-analysis introduction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:134027. [PMID: 25654082 PMCID: PMC4310450 DOI: 10.1155/2015/134027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes by promoter methylation plays vital roles in the process of carcinogenesis. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine whether the aberrant methylation of cyclin A1 (CCNA1) may be of great significance to human malignant tumors. By searching both English and Chinese language-based electronic databases carefully, we tabulated and analyzed parameters from each study. All human-associated case-control studies were included providing available data for CCNA1 methylation and reporting the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) conducted with the use of Version 12.0 STATA software. A total of 10 case-control studies (619 patients with cancers and 292 healthy controls) were included for the following statistical analysis. Pooled OR values from all articles revealed that the frequency of CCNA1 methylation in cancer tissues was significantly higher than those of normal tissues (P < 0.001). Further ethnicity indicated that the frequency of CCNA1 methylation was correlated with the development of malignant tumors among all those included experimental subgroups (all P < 0.05). These data from results indicated a significant connection of CCNA1 methylation with poor progression in human malignant tumors among both Caucasian and Asian populations.
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Methylation in the promoters of HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes is associated with cervical cancer in Uygur women in Xinjiang. Int J Biol Markers 2014; 29:e354-62. [PMID: 25198553 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the suitability of HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes as biomarkers for the early detection of cervical cancer in Uygur women in Xinjiang, China. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and HPV (HPV16 and HPV18)-specific PCR were performed on 110 cervical samples: 40 normal cervices, 10 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1), 10 CIN2, 10 CIN3 and 40 cervical cancer tissues. The expression of the 2 genes was measured by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in 10 methylation-positive and 10 methylation-negative cervical tissues. We found that both HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes were methylated in 38 of the 40 cervical cancer tissues, 9 of the 10 CIN3, and 6 of the 10 CIN2. In contrast, methylation of these 2 genes was found in only 1 of the 40 normal tissues and none of 10 CIN1. Furthermore, hypermethylated HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes were correlated with infection with HPV16 and HPV18 in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and cervical cancer (both p<0.05). The expression of HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes was lower in the methylation-positive cervical tissues than in the methylation-negative cervical tissues. Our results indicate that HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes may play important roles in HPV-induced cervical cancer and that patients with specific hypermethylated genes may have a greater risk of progressing to invasive cervical cancer.
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Cerk IK, Salzburger B, Boeszoermenyi A, Heier C, Pillip C, Romauch M, Schweiger M, Cornaciu I, Lass A, Zimmermann R, Zechner R, Oberer M. A peptide derived from G0/G1 switch gene 2 acts as noncompetitive inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32559-70. [PMID: 25258314 PMCID: PMC4239610 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is a small basic protein that functions as an endogenous inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a key enzyme in intracellular lipolysis. In this study, we identified a short sequence covering residues Lys-20 to Ala-52 in G0S2 that is still fully capable of inhibiting mouse and human ATGL. We found that a synthetic peptide corresponding to this region inhibits ATGL in a noncompetitive manner in the nanomolar range. This peptide is highly selective for ATGL and does not inhibit other lipases, including hormone-sensitive lipase, monoacylglycerol lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and patatin domain-containing phospholipases 6 and 7. Because increased lipolysis is linked to the development of metabolic disorders, the inhibition of ATGL by G0S2-derived peptides may represent a novel therapeutic tool to modulate lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines K Cerk
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Salzburger
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andras Boeszoermenyi
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Heier
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Pillip
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Romauch
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Irina Cornaciu
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Li Y, Xu J, Ju H, Xiao Y, Chen H, Lv J, Shao T, Bai J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang X, Ren H, Li X. A network-based, integrative approach to identify genes with aberrant co-methylation in colorectal cancer. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:180-90. [PMID: 24317156 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70270g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes, including aberrations in DNA methylation, are a common hallmark of many cancers. The identification and interpretation of epigenetic changes associated with cancers may benefit from integration with protein interactomes. Based on the assumption that genes implicated in a specific tumor phenotype will show high aberrant co-methylation patterns with their interacting partners, we propose an integrated approach to uncover cancer-associated genes by integrating a DNA methylome with an interactome. Aberrant co-methylated interactions were first identified in the specific cancer, and genes were then prioritized based on their enrichment in aberrant co-methylation. By applying this to a large-scale colorectal cancer (CRC) dataset, the proposed method increases the power to capture known genes. More importantly, genes possessing high aberrant co-methylation patterns, located at the topological center of the original protein-protein interaction network (PPIN), affect several cancer-associated pathways and form hotspots that are frequently hijacked in cancer. Additionally, the top-ranked candidate genes may also be useful as an indicator of CRC diagnosis and prognosis. Five fold cross-validation of the top-ranked genes in diagnosis reveals that it can achieve an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve ranging from 82.2% to 98.4% in three independent datasets. Five of these genes form a core repressive module. CCNA1 and ESR1 in particular are evidently silenced by promoter hypermethylation in CRC cell lines and tissues, whose re-expression markedly suppresses tumor cell survival and clonogenicity. These results show that the network-centric method could identify novel disease biomarkers and model how oncogenic lesions mediate epigenetic changes, providing important insights into tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Guerrero-Preston R, Ogawa T, Uemura M, Shumulinsky G, Valle BL, Pirini F, Ravi R, Sidransky D, Keidar M, Trink B. Cold atmospheric plasma treatment selectively targets head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:941-6. [PMID: 25050490 PMCID: PMC4152136 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of locoregional recurrence (LRR) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) often requires a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. Survival outcomes are poor and the treatment outcomes are morbid. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an ionized gas produced at room temperature under laboratory conditions. We have previously demonstrated that treatment with a CAP jet device selectively targets cancer cells using in vitro melanoma and in vivo bladder cancer models. In the present study, we wished to examine CAP selectivity in HNSCC in vitro models, and to explore its potential for use as a minimally invasive surgical approach that allows for specific cancer cell or tumor tissue ablation without affecting the surrounding healthy cells and tissues. Four HNSCC cell lines (JHU-022, JHU-028, JHU-029, SCC25) and 2 normal oral cavity epithelial cell lines (OKF6 and NOKsi) were subjected to cold plasma treatment for durations of 10, 30 and 45 sec, and a helium flow of 20 l/min-1 for 10 sec was used as a positive treatment control. We showed that cold plasma selectively diminished HNSCC cell viability in a dose-response manner, as evidenced by MTT assays; the viability of the OKF6 cells was not affected by the cold plasma. The results of colony formation assays also revealed a cell-specific response to cold plasma application. Western blot analysis did not provide evidence that the cleavage of PARP occurred following cold plasma treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that cold plasma application selectively impairs HNSCC cell lines through non-apoptotic mechanisms, while having a minimal effect on normal oral cavity epithelial cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Guerrero-Preston
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takenori Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary Shumulinsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Blanca L Valle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesca Pirini
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rajani Ravi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Keidar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Barry Trink
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ma T, Lopez-Aguiar AGN, Li A, Lu Y, Sekula D, Nattie EE, Freemantle S, Dmitrovsky E. Mice lacking G0S2 are lean and cold-tolerant. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:643-50. [PMID: 24556704 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G 0/G 1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is a protein that was first identified in a search for lymphocyte G 0/G 1 switch genes. A direct role for G0S2 in cell cycle regulation has proven elusive. Yet, there is prior evidence for G0S2 functioning in tumor suppression, immune regulation and lipolysis. To explore definitively G0S2 functions, mice lacking G0S2 were generated and characterized. G0S2(-/-) mice were born at a Mendelian ratio and were phenotypically normal, with the exception of a possible lactation defect. G0S2(-/-) female mice carried viable pups to term, but could not typically sustain them beyond 48 h. G0S2 is shown here to be most highly expressed in adipose tissue. It is also expressed in liver, skeletal muscle, lung, ventricles of the heart, and components of the kidney. G0S2 loss significantly decreased relative body weight gain as compared with wild-type (WT) (G0S2(+/+)) mice, with a significant decrease in gonadal fat pad weight and a significant increase in serum glycerol levels. This decreased relative body weight gain is not associated with a significant decrease in food intake or increase in activity of G0S2(-/-) mice. In fact, G0S2(-/-) mice were significantly less active at night than G0S2(+/+) mice. When fed with a high fat diet (45% fat diet), G0S2 loss did not prevent diet-induced obesity in mice. Intriguingly, G0S2 loss improved acute cold tolerance, augmenting expression of genes involved in thermogenesis. In summary, in vivo roles for G0S2 were found in lactation, energy balance, and thermogenesis. This study provides a basis for tumor suppressive effects of G0S2 by regulating lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | | | - Aihua Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - David Sekula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Eugene E Nattie
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Sarah Freemantle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Department of Medicine; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, NH USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; Lebanon, NH USA
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36
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Yamada T, Park CS, Shen Y, Rabin KR, Lacorazza HD. G0S2 inhibits the proliferation of K562 cells by interacting with nucleolin in the cytosol. Leuk Res 2014; 38:210-7. [PMID: 24183236 PMCID: PMC3946941 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is a basic protein with ill-defined function that inhibits the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. Herein, we show that treatment of K562 cells with 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) resulted in a 24-fold increase in G0S2 expression and a reduction in cell growth. Conversely, gene demethylation in the presence of G0S2-specific shRNA restored proliferation, further supporting an inhibitory role for G0S2 in cell proliferation. Elevated levels of G0S2 inhibited the division of K562 cells by sequestering the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleolin in the cytosol. G0S2 inhibited the proliferation of leukemia cells in vivo in xenograft models. Collectively, our data identify a new mechanism that controls proliferation in K562 cells, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor function in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chun Shik Park
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen R Rabin
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - H Daniel Lacorazza
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Payne
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 1st floor Mortensen Hall, 11085 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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38
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Demokan S, Chuang AY, Pattani KM, Sidransky D, Koch W, Califano JA. Validation of nucleolar protein 4 as a novel methylated tumor suppressor gene in head and neck cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:1014-20. [PMID: 24337411 PMCID: PMC3896520 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation of CpG islands in the promoter region of genes acts as a significant mechanism of epigenetic gene silencing in head and neck cancer. In the present study, we assessed the association of epigenetic alterations of a panel of 12 genes [nucleolar protein 4 (NOL4), iroquois homeobox 1 (IRX1), SLC5A8, LRRC3B, FUSSEL18, EBF3, GBX2, HMX2, SEPT9, ALX3, SOCS3 and LHX6] with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) via a candidate gene approach. After the initial screening of methylated CpG islands on the promoter regions by bisulfite sequencing using salivary rinse samples, only two genes had methylated CpG dinucleotides on their promoter regions in tumor samples and absence of methylated CpGs were found in normal salivary rinse samples after bisulfite modification and bisulfite sequencing. We then performed real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP) on 16 salivary rinse and 14 normal mucosal samples from healthy subjects and 33 HNSCC tumor samples for the two genes selected. After validation with QMSP, one gene, NOL4, was highly methylated (91%) in tumor samples and unmethylated in normal salivary rinses and minimally methylated in normal mucosal samples demonstrating cancer-specific methylation in HNSCC tissues. Although the IRX1 gene was observed as methylated in normal mucosal and salivary rinse samples, the methylation values of these normal samples were very low (<10%). In conclusion, we identified NOL4 as a highly specific promoter methylated gene associated with HNSCC. IRX1 may have potential as a biomarker for HNSCC and should be assessed in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Demokan
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Alice Y Chuang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kavita M Pattani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wayne Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Yamada T, Park CS, Lacorazza HD. Genetic control of quiescence in hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2376-83. [PMID: 23839041 PMCID: PMC3841317 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a reversible cell cycle arrest that is poised to re-enter the cell cycle in response to a combination of cell-intrinsic factors and environmental cues. In hematopoietic stem cells, a coordinated balance between quiescence and differentiating proliferation ensures longevity and prevents both genetic damage and stem cell exhaustion. However, little is known about how all these processes are integrated at the molecular level. We will briefly review the environmental and intrinsic control of stem cell quiescence and discuss a new model that involves a protein-to-protein interaction between G0S2 and the phospho-nucleoprotein nucleolin in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Pathology & Immunology; Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Children’s Hospital; Houston, TX USA
| | - Chun Shik Park
- Department of Pathology & Immunology; Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Children’s Hospital; Houston, TX USA
| | - H Daniel Lacorazza
- Department of Pathology & Immunology; Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Children’s Hospital; Houston, TX USA
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40
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Xu X, Yang X, Xing C, Zhang S, Cao J. miRNA: The nemesis of gastric cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2013; 6:631-641. [PMID: 24137382 PMCID: PMC3789097 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that are ~22 (18 to 25) nucleotides (nt) long and have been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer. Increasing evidence indicates that miRNAs are essential in the development, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of a variety of tumors. The utility of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and of target molecules for the treatment of cancers is increasingly being recognized. With the discovery of circulating miRNAs, a non-invasive approach for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer has been identified. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in the development of different tumors, as well as a variety of other biological events. Moreover, this review focuses on analyzing the function and mechanism of gastric cancer-related miRNAs and investigates the importance of circulating miRNAs in gastric cancer, as well as their origin. Finally, this review lists a number of the problems that must be solved prior to miRNAs being used as reliable non-invasive tools for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, P.R. China
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41
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Fellenberg J, Sähr H, Liu L, Schönsiegel F, Depeweg D, Lehner B, Herr I. Rescue of silenced UCHL1 and IGFBP4 expression suppresses clonogenicity of giant cell tumor-derived stromal cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 336:61-7. [PMID: 23603559 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a generally benign tumor with a locally aggressive behavior. Histologically, GCTs consist of multinucleated giant cells, mononuclear histiocytes and the neoplastic fibroblast-like stromal cells (GCTSC). Growing evidence exists that GCTSCs develop from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In previous studies we observed inactivation of the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) gene in primary GCTSC due to strong DNA hypermethylation, indicating that epigenetic silencing might be involved in neoplastic transformation of MSCs. Here we investigated further candidate genes and identified strong hypermethylation of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) promoter, resulting in IGFBP4 downregulation in GCTs compared to MSCs. Overexpression of UCHL1 and IGFBP4 by stable transfection of GCTSC did not influence cell viability, proliferation, migration and chemosensitivity compared to parental cells. However, colony-formation was significantly decreased suggesting that rescue of UCHL1 and IFGBP4 suppresses clonogenicity of GCT stromal cells. The observation of reduced expression of the stem-cell-specific transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2 in these cell lines further supported our findings. Epigenetic silencing of UCHL1 and IGFBP4 in GCTs might thus be a crucial event during the malignant transformation of MSCs in the context of GCT development and represent promising targets for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Fellenberg
- Orthopedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Experimental Orthopedics, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ma T, Dong JP, Sekula DJ, Fei DL, Lamph WW, Henderson M, Lu Y, Blumen S, Freemantle SJ, Dmitrovsky E. Repression of exogenous gene expression by the retinoic acid target gene G0S2. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1743-53. [PMID: 23546556 PMCID: PMC3661193 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is rapidly induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA)-treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and other cells. G0S2 regulates lipolysis via inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). This study found that retinoic acid receptor (RAR), but not retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists induced G0S2 expression in APL cells. Novel G0S2 functions were uncovered that included repression of exogenous gene expression and transcriptional activity. Transient G0S2 transfection repressed the activities of multiple reporter constructs (including the retinoid-regulated species RARβ, UBE1L and G0S2); this occurred in diverse cell contexts. This inhibition was antagonized by siRNA-mediated G0S2 knockdown. To determine the inhibitory effects were not due to transient G0S2 expression, G0S2 was stably overex-pressed in cells without appreciable basal G0S2 expression. As expected, this repressed transcriptional activities. Intriguingly, transfection of G0S2 did not affect endogenous RARβ, UBE1L or G0S2 expression. Hence, only exogenously expressed genes were affected by G0S2. The domain responsible for this repression was localized to the G0S2 hydrophobic domain (HD). This was the same region responsible for the ability of G0S2 to inhibit ATGL activity. Whether an interaction with ATGL accounted for this new G0S2 activity was studied. Mimicking the inhibition of ATGL by oleic acid treatment that increased lipid droplet size or ATGL siRNA knockdown did not recapitulate G0S2 repressive effects. Engineered gain of ATGL expression did not rescue G0S2 transcriptional repression either. Thus, transcriptional repression by G0S2 did not depend on the ability of G0S2 to inhibit ATGL. Subcellular localization studies revealed that endogenous and exogenously-expressed G0S2 proteins were localized to the cytoplasm, particularly in the perinuclear region. Expression of a mutant G0S2 species that lacked the HD domain altered cytosolic G0S2 localization. This linked G0S2 subcellular localization to G0S2 transcriptional repression. The potential mechanisms responsible for this G0S2 repression are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Mishra R. Cell cycle-regulatory cyclins and their deregulation in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:475-81. [PMID: 23434055 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a growth-related disorder, and cyclins are the prime regulators of cell division. Cyclins are associated with the pathogenesis of oral cancer and are considered valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. These important molecules are regulated in many ways to achieve a gain in function and are involved in promoting neoplastic growth. While the causes of most cyclin overexpression are varied, these cyclins may be induced by buccal mucosal insult mainly with carcinogens that alter various pathways propelling oral cancer. Substantial experimental evidences support a link between oncogenic signaling pathways and the deregulation of cyclins in oral cancer. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which cyclins are regulated and promote oral oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakishore Mishra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835 205, Jharkhand, India.
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Demokan S, Chuang AY, Chang X, Khan T, Smith IM, Pattani KM, Dasgupta S, Begum S, Khan Z, Liegeois NJ, Westra WH, Sidransky D, Koch W, Califano JA. Identification of guanine nucleotide-binding protein γ-7 as an epigenetically silenced gene in head and neck cancer by gene expression profiling. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1427-36. [PMID: 23403885 PMCID: PMC3981008 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Silencing of tumor suppressor genes plays a vital role in head and neck carcinogenesis. Aberrant hypermethylation in the promoter region of some known or putative tumor suppressor genes occurs frequently during the development of various types of cancer including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study we used an expanded mRNA expression profiling approach followed by microarray expression analysis to identify epigenetically inactivated genes in HNSCC. Two HNSCC cell lines were treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine followed by microarray analysis to identify epigenetically silenced genes in HNSCC. We found 1,960, 614 and 427 genes were upregulated in the HNSCC cell lines JHU-012, JHU-011 and the combination of both cell lines, respectively. HNSCC tumor and normal mucosal samples were used for gene profiling by a 47K mRNA gene expression array and we found 7,140 genes were downregulated in HNSCC tumors compared to normal mucosa, as determined by microarray analysis, and were integrated with cell line data. Integrative analysis defined 126 candidate genes, of which only seven genes showed differential methylation in tumors and no methylation in normal mucosa after bisulfite sequencing. Following validation by QMSP, one gene, guanine nucleotide-binding protein γ-7 (GNG7), was confirmed to be highly methylated in tumors and unmethylated in normal mucosal and salivary rinse samples demonstrating cancer-specific methylation in HNSCC tissues. TXNIP and TUSC2 were partially methylated in tumors and normal salivary rinses but unmethylated in normal mucosa. We concluded that GNG7 is a highly specific promoter methylated gene associated with HNSCC. In addition, TXNIP and TUSC2 are also potential biomarkers for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Demokan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Knaup J, Verwanger T, Gruber C, Ziegler V, Bauer JW, Krammer B. Epidermolysis bullosa - a group of skin diseases with different causes but commonalities in gene expression. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:526-30. [PMID: 22716248 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of hereditary skin disorders. Although each subtype is caused by mutations in genes encoding differentially located components of the skin, the resulting phenotype is similar. In this study, we investigated similarities in the gene expression profiles of each subtype on mRNA level. Type XVI collagen (COL16A1), G0/G1 switch 2 (G0S2), fibronectin (FN1), ribosomal protein S27A (RPS27A) and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) were shown to exhibit corresponding changes in gene expression in all three EB subtypes. While COL16A1, G0S2 and FN1 are up-regulated, LDLR and RPS27A mRNA levels are decreased. These data indicate that EB cells seem to take measures increasing their mechanical stability. Apoptosis is likely to be exacerbated, and migratory potential appears to be elevated. Protein degradation is hampered, and the release of fatty acids and glycerol is restricted, probably to save energy. These commonalities might benefit existing EB treatment strategies or could help to reveal new starting points for the treatment of EB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Knaup
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Heckmann BL, Zhang X, Xie X, Liu J. The G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2): regulating metabolism and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:276-81. [PMID: 23032787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) was originally identified in blood mononuclear cells following induced cell cycle progression. Translation of G0S2 results in a small basic protein of 103 amino acids in size. It was initially believed that G0S2 mediates re-entry of cells from the G0 to G1 phase of the cell cycle. Recent studies have begun to reveal the functional aspects of G0S2 and its protein product in various cellular settings. To date the best-known function of G0S2 is its direct inhibitory capacity on the rate-limiting lipolytic enzyme adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Other studies have illustrated key features of G0S2 including sub-cellular localization, expression profiles and regulation, and possible functions in cellular proliferation and differentiation. In this review we present the current knowledge base regarding all facets of G0S2, and pose a variety of questions and hypotheses pertaining to future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradlee L Heckmann
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA
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Saavedra KP, Brebi PM, Roa JCS. Epigenetic alterations in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix. Clin Epigenetics 2012; 4:13. [PMID: 22938091 PMCID: PMC3502457 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-4-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most malignant tumors and the second or third most common type of cancer in women worldwide. The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and CC is widely known and accepted (99.7% of cases). At present, the pathogenesis mechanisms of CC are not entirely clear. It has been shown that inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes play a significant role in carcinogenesis, caused by the genetic and epigenetic alterations. In the past, it was generally thought that genetic mutation was a key event of tumor pathogenesis, especially somatic mutation of tumor suppressor genes. With deeper understanding of tumors in recent years, increasing evidence has shown that epigenetic silencing of those genes, as a result of aberrant hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoters and histone modification, is essential to carcinogenesis and metastasis. The term epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression caused by regulation mechanisms, other than changes in DNA sequence. Specific epigenetic processes include DNA methylation, chromotin remodeling, histone modification, and microRNA regulations. These alterations, in combination or individually, make it possible to establish the methylation profiles, histone modification maps, and expression profiles characteristic of this pathology, which become useful tools for screening, early detection, or prognostic markers in cervical cancer. This paper reviews recent epigenetics research progress in the CC study, and tries to depict the relationships between CC and DNA methylation, histone modification, as well as microRNA regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P Saavedra
- Universidad de La Frontera, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, BIOREN-CEGIN, Temuco, Chile.
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Weiss D, Koopmann M, Basel T, Rudack C. Cyclin A1 shows age-related expression in benign tonsils, HPV16-dependent overexpression in HNSCC and predicts lower recurrence rate in HNSCC independently of HPV16. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:259. [PMID: 22712549 PMCID: PMC3404904 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Promoter methylation of the tumor suppressor gene Cyclin A1 could be associated with Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) induced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) and Cervical Carcinoma. There is disagreement about the impact of this epigenetic event on protein expression of Cyclin A1 in malignant and non-malignant tissue and there hardly exists any information about possible relationships between Cyclin A1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in HNSCC. Methods We analyzed protein expression of Cyclin A1 in 81 HNSCC and 74 benign tonsils by immunohistochemistry and correlated it to Cyclin A1 methylation status, presence of HPV16 infection and other clinicopathological characteristics. Results Overexpression of Cyclin A1 was more present in HNSCC than in tonsils (p < 0.001). In both entities, HNSCC and benign tonsils, expression of Cyclin A1 significantly correlated with the expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitor p16 (p = 0.000672 and 0.00495). In tonsils, expression of Cyclin A1 was inversely proportional to age (p = 0.00000396), and further correlated with expression of tumor suppressor gene p53 (p = 0.000228). In HNSCC Cyclin A1 expression was associated with the presence of HPV16 DNA (p = 0.0014) and a lower recurrence rate in univariate and multivariate analysis (p = 0.002 and 0.013). Neither in HNSCC nor in tonsils Cyclin A1 expression correlated with promoter methylation. Conclusions Cyclin A1 is an important cell cycle regulator with age-related increased expression in tonsils of children. HPV16 induces overexpression of Cyclin A1 in HNSCC despite promoter methylation. Overexpression of Cyclin A1 predicts a lower recurrence rate in HNSCC independently of HPV16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weiss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Kardinal-von-Galen Ring 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Yamada T, Park CS, Burns A, Nakada D, Lacorazza HD. The cytosolic protein G0S2 maintains quiescence in hematopoietic stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38280. [PMID: 22693613 PMCID: PMC3365016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) balance proliferation and differentiation by integrating complex transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms regulated by cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We found that transcripts of G(0)/G(1) switch gene 2 (G0S2) are enriched in lineage(-) Sca-1(+) c-kit(+) (LSK) CD150(+) CD48(-) CD41(-) cells, a population highly enriched for quiescent HSCs, whereas G0S2 expression is suppressed in dividing LSK CD150(+) CD48(-) cells. Gain-of-function analyses using retroviral expression vectors in bone marrow cells showed that G0S2 localizes to the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and early endosomes in hematopoietic cells. Co-transplantation of bone marrow cells transduced with the control or G0S2 retrovirus led to increased chimerism of G0S2-overexpressing cells in femurs, although their contribution to the blood was reduced. This finding was correlated with increased quiescence in G0S2-overexpressing HSCs (LSK CD150(+) CD48(-)) and progenitor cells (LS(-)K). Conversely, silencing of endogenous G0S2 expression in bone marrow cells increased blood chimerism upon transplantation and promoted HSC cell division, supporting an inhibitory role for G0S2 in HSC proliferation. A proteomic study revealed that the hydrophobic domain of G0S2 interacts with a domain of nucleolin that is rich in arginine-glycine-glycine repeats, which results in the retention of nucleolin in the cytosol. We showed that this cytosolic retention of nucleolin occurs in resting, but not proliferating, wild-type LSK CD150(+) CD48(-) cells. Collectively, we propose a novel model of HSC quiescence in which elevated G0S2 expression can sequester nucleolin in the cytosol, precluding its pro-proliferation functions in the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chun Shik Park
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Audrea Burns
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daisuke Nakada
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - H. Daniel Lacorazza
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Sun W, Zaboli D, Wang H, Liu Y, Arnaoutakis D, Khan T, Khan Z, Koch W, Califano JA. Detection of TIMP3 promoter hypermethylation in salivary rinse as an independent predictor of local recurrence-free survival in head and neck cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:1082-91. [PMID: 22228635 PMCID: PMC3288549 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate a panel of methylation-based salivary rinse biomarkers (P16, CCNA1, DCC, TIMP3, MGMT, DAPK, and MINT31) previously shown to be independently associated with poor overall survival and local recurrence in a larger, separate cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN One hundred ninety-seven patients were included. All pretreatment saliva DNA samples were evaluated for the methylation status of the gene promoters by quantitative methylation-specific PCR. The main outcome measures were overall survival, local recurrence-free survival, and disease-free survival. RESULTS In univariate analyses, the detection of hypermethylation of CCNA1, MGMT, and MINT31 was significantly associated with poor overall survival; the detection of hypermethylation of TIMP3 was significantly associated with local recurrence-free survival; and the detection of hypermethylation of MINT31 was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival. In multivariate analyses, detection of hypermethylation at any single marker was not predictive of overall survival in patients with HNSCC; detection of hypermethylation of TIMP3 in salivary rinse had an independent, significant association with local recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.10-5.68); and none of the studied markers was significantly associated with disease-free survival. CONCLUSION The detection of promoter hypermethylation of the seven genes in salivary rinse as an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival in patients with HNSCC was not validated. Detection of promoter hypermethylation of TIMP3 in pretreatment salivary rinse is independently associated with local recurrence-free survival in patients with HNSCC and may be a valuable salivary rinse biomarker for HNSCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Zaboli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Demetri Arnaoutakis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tanbir Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zubair Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wayne Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph A. Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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