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van der Haar Àvila I, Zhang T, Lorrain V, de Bruin F, Spreij T, Nakayama H, Iwabuchi K, García-Vallejo JJ, Wuhrer M, van Kooyk Y, van Vliet SJ. Limited impact of cancer-derived gangliosides on anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae036. [PMID: 38785323 PMCID: PMC11137322 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a key mechanism employed by cancer cells to evade immune surveillance, induce angiogenesis and metastasis, among other hallmarks of cancer. Sialic acids, distinctive terminal glycan structures located on glycoproteins or glycolipids, are prominently upregulated across various tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Sialylated glycans modulate anti-tumor immune responses through their interactions with Siglecs, a family of glycan-binding receptors with specificity for sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates, often resulting in immunosuppression. In this paper, we investigated the immunomodulatory function of ST3Gal5, a sialyltransferase that catalyzes the addition of α2-3 sialic acids to glycosphingolipids, since lower expression of ST3Gal5 is associated with better survival of CRC patients. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out the ST3Gal5 gene in two murine CRC cell lines MC38 and CT26. Glycomics analysis confirmed the removal of sialic acids on glycolipids, with no discernible impact on glycoprotein sialylation. Although knocking out ST3Gal5 in both cell lines did not affect in vivo tumor growth, we observed enhanced levels of regulatory T cells in CT26 tumors lacking ST3Gal5. Moreover, we demonstrate that the absence of ST3Gal5 affected size and blood vessel density only in MC38 tumors. In summary, we ascertain that sialylation of glycosphingolipids has a limited influence on the anti-tumor immune response in CRC, despite detecting alterations in the tumor microenvironment, possibly due to a shift in ganglioside abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van der Haar Àvila
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Lorrain
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florance de Bruin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tianne Spreij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University, 2-5-1 Takasu Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0023, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University, 2-5-1 Takasu Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0023, Japan
| | - Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Nagato T, Komatsuda H, Hayashi R, Takahara M, Ujiie N, Kosaka A, Ohkuri T, Oikawa K, Sato R, Wakisaka R, Kono M, Yamaki H, Ohara K, Kumai T, Kishibe K, Katada A, Hayashi T, Kobayashi H. Soluble CD27 as a predictive biomarker for intra-tumoral CD70/CD27 interaction in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1073-1084. [PMID: 38279834 PMCID: PMC11007004 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In CD70-expressing tumors, the interaction of CD70 on tumor cells with its lymphocyte receptor, CD27, is thought to play a role in immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and elevated serum levels of soluble CD27 (sCD27). Previous studies showed that CD70 is expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related malignancy. However, the association between intratumoral CD70/CD27 expression and serum levels of sCD27 in NPC remains unclear. In the present study, we show that CD70 is primarily expressed by tumor cells in NPC and that CD27-positive lymphocytes infiltrate around tumor cells. NPC patients with CD27-positive lymphocytes had significantly better prognosis than patients lacking these cells. In addition, high CD70 expression by tumor cells tended to be correlated with shorter survival in NPC patients with CD27-positive lymphocytes. Serum sCD27 levels were significantly increased in patients with NPC and provided good diagnostic accuracy for discriminating patients from healthy individuals. The concentration of serum sCD27 in patients with CD70-positive NPC with CD27-positive lymphocytes was significantly higher than in patients with tumors negative for CD70 and/or CD27, indicating that the intratumoral CD70/CD27 interaction boosts the release of sCD27. Furthermore, positive expression of CD70 by NPC cells was significantly correlated with EBV infection. Our results suggest that CD70/CD27-targeted immunotherapies may be promising treatment options and that sCD27 may become an essential tool for evaluating the applicability of these therapies by predicting the intratumoral CD70/CD27 interaction in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of PathologyAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Hiroki Komatsuda
- Department of PathologyAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Ryusuke Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
- Department of Innovative Head and Neck Cancer Research and TreatmentAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Nanami Ujiie
- Department of PathologyAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Breast SurgeryAsahikawa Medical University HospitalAsahikawaJapan
| | - Akemi Kosaka
- Department of PathologyAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Takayuki Ohkuri
- Department of PathologyAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Department of PathologyAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Risa Wakisaka
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Michihisa Kono
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Hidekiyo Yamaki
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Kenzo Ohara
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
- Department of Innovative Head and Neck Cancer Research and TreatmentAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Kan Kishibe
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Akihiro Katada
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of PathologyAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
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3
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Salvato I, Marchini A. Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1276. [PMID: 38610954 PMCID: PMC11010873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research and the best up-to-date treatments, grade 4 Glioblastoma (GBM) remains uniformly fatal with a patient median overall survival of less than 2 years. Recent advances in immunotherapy have reignited interest in utilizing immunological approaches to fight cancer. However, current immunotherapies have so far not met the anticipated expectations, achieving modest results in their journey from bench to bedside for the treatment of GBM. Understanding the intrinsic features of GBM is of crucial importance for the development of effective antitumoral strategies to improve patient life expectancy and conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the distinctive characteristics of GBM that significantly influence current conventional therapies and immune-based approaches. Moreover, we present an overview of the immunotherapeutic strategies currently undergoing clinical evaluation for GBM treatment, with a specific emphasis on those advancing to phase 3 clinical studies. These encompass immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell therapies, vaccination strategies (i.e., RNA-, DNA-, and peptide-based vaccines), and virus-based approaches. Finally, we explore novel innovative strategies and future prospects in the field of immunotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Salvato
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics (LOVIT), Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics (LOVIT), Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Regmi M, Wang Y, Liu W, Dai Y, Liu S, Ma K, Lin G, Yang J, Liu H, Wu J, Yang C. From glioma gloom to immune bloom: unveiling novel immunotherapeutic paradigms-a review. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:47. [PMID: 38342925 PMCID: PMC10860318 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In tumor therapeutics, the transition from conventional cytotoxic drugs to targeted molecular therapies, such as those targeting receptor tyrosine kinases, has been pivotal. Despite this progress, the clinical outcomes have remained modest, with glioblastoma patients' median survival stagnating at less than 15 months. This underscores the urgent need for more specialized treatment strategies. Our review delves into the progression toward immunomodulation in glioma treatment. We dissect critical discoveries in immunotherapy, such as spotlighting the instrumental role of tumor-associated macrophages, which account for approximately half of the immune cells in the glioma microenvironment, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune microenvironment has been explored, revealing novel therapeutic targets. The uniqueness of our review is its exhaustive approach, synthesizing current research to elucidate the intricate roles of various molecules and receptors within the glioma microenvironment. This comprehensive synthesis not only maps the current landscape but also provides a blueprint for refining immunotherapy for glioma, signifying a paradigm shift toward leveraging immune mechanisms for improved patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moksada Regmi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science (AIMS), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weihai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuwei Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shikun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guozhong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science (AIMS), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Ophthalmology, Beijing, 100730, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmic Equipment and Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science (AIMS), Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ophthalmology, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmic Equipment and Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science (AIMS), Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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5
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Biricioiu MR, Sarbu M, Ica R, Vukelić Ž, Kalanj-Bognar S, Zamfir AD. Advances in Mass Spectrometry of Gangliosides Expressed in Brain Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1335. [PMID: 38279335 PMCID: PMC10816113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are highly abundant in the human brain where they are involved in major biological events. In brain cancers, alterations of ganglioside pattern occur, some of which being correlated with neoplastic transformation, while others with tumor proliferation. Of all techniques, mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be one of the most effective in gangliosidomics, due to its ability to characterize heterogeneous mixtures and discover species with biomarker value. This review highlights the most significant achievements of MS in the analysis of gangliosides in human brain cancers. The first part presents the latest state of MS development in the discovery of ganglioside markers in primary brain tumors, with a particular emphasis on the ion mobility separation (IMS) MS and its contribution to the elucidation of the gangliosidome associated with aggressive tumors. The second part is focused on MS of gangliosides in brain metastases, highlighting the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS, microfluidics-MS and tandem MS to decipher and structurally characterize species involved in the metastatic process. In the end, several conclusions and perspectives are presented, among which the need for development of reliable software and a user-friendly structural database as a search platform in brain tumor diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Roxana Biricioiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania; (M.R.B.); (M.S.); (R.I.)
- Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Sarbu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania; (M.R.B.); (M.S.); (R.I.)
| | - Raluca Ica
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania; (M.R.B.); (M.S.); (R.I.)
| | - Željka Vukelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Svjetlana Kalanj-Bognar
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Alina D. Zamfir
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224 Timisoara, Romania; (M.R.B.); (M.S.); (R.I.)
- Department of Technical and Natural Sciences, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 310330 Arad, Romania
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6
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Tang OY, Binder ZA, O'Rourke DM, Bagley SJ. Optimizing CAR-T Therapy for Glioblastoma. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:643-660. [PMID: 37700186 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies have transformed the management of hematologic malignancies but have not yet demonstrated consistent efficacy in solid tumors. Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and remains a major unmet medical need. Attempts at harnessing the potential of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for glioblastoma have resulted in glimpses of promise but have been met with substantial challenges. In this focused review, we discuss current and future strategies being developed to optimize chimeric antigen receptor T cells for efficacy in patients with glioblastoma, including the identification and characterization of new target antigens, reversal of T-cell dysfunction with novel chimeric antigen receptor constructs, regulatable platforms, and gene knockout strategies, and the use of combination therapies to overcome the immune-hostile microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Y Tang
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Zev A Binder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stephen J Bagley
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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7
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van der Haar Àvila I, Windhouwer B, van Vliet SJ. Current state-of-the-art on ganglioside-mediated immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:941-958. [PMID: 37266839 PMCID: PMC10584724 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialylated glycolipids, mainly present at the cell surface membrane, involved in a variety of cellular signaling events. During malignant transformation, the composition of these glycosphingolipids is altered, leading to structural and functional changes, which are often negatively correlated to patient survival. Cancer cells have the ability to shed gangliosides into the tumor microenvironment, where they have a strong impact on anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor progression. Since most ganglioside species show prominent immunosuppressive activities, they might be considered checkpoint molecules released to counteract ongoing immunosurveillance. In this review, we highlight the current state-of-the-art on the ganglioside-mediated immunomodulation, specified for the different immune cells and individual gangliosides. In addition, we address the dual role that certain gangliosides play in the tumor microenvironment. Even though some ganglioside species have been more extensively studied than others, they are proven to contribute to the defense mechanisms of the tumor and should be regarded as promising therapeutic targets for inclusion in future immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van der Haar Àvila
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Britt Windhouwer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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8
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Lee YG, Yang N, Chun I, Porazzi P, Carturan A, Paruzzo L, Sauter CT, Guruprasad P, Pajarillo R, Ruella M. Apoptosis: a Janus bifrons in T-cell immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e005967. [PMID: 37055217 PMCID: PMC10106075 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer. In particular, immune checkpoint blockade, bispecific antibodies, and adoptive T-cell transfer have yielded unprecedented clinical results in hematological malignancies and solid cancers. While T cell-based immunotherapies have multiple mechanisms of action, their ultimate goal is achieving apoptosis of cancer cells. Unsurprisingly, apoptosis evasion is a key feature of cancer biology. Therefore, enhancing cancer cells' sensitivity to apoptosis represents a key strategy to improve clinical outcomes in cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, cancer cells are characterized by several intrinsic mechanisms to resist apoptosis, in addition to features to promote apoptosis in T cells and evade therapy. However, apoptosis is double-faced: when it occurs in T cells, it represents a critical mechanism of failure for immunotherapies. This review will summarize the recent efforts to enhance T cell-based immunotherapies by increasing apoptosis susceptibility in cancer cells and discuss the role of apoptosis in modulating the survival of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment and potential strategies to overcome this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicholas Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Inkook Chun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrizia Porazzi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alberto Carturan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luca Paruzzo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Christopher Tor Sauter
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Puneeth Guruprasad
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymone Pajarillo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Arifianto MR, Meizikri R, Haq IBI, Susilo RI, Wahyuhadi J, Hermanto Y, Faried A. Emerging hallmark of gliomas microenvironment in evading immunity: a basic concept. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Over the last decade, since clinical trials examining targeted therapeutics for gliomas have failed to demonstrate a meaningful increase in survival, the emphasis has recently been switched toward innovative techniques for modulating the immune response against tumors and their microenvironments (TME). Cancerous cells have eleven hallmarks which make it distinct from normal ones, among which is immune evasion. Immune evasion in glioblastoma helps it evade various treatment modalities.
Summary
Glioblastoma’s TME is composed of various array of cellular actors, ranging from peripherally derived immune cells to a variety of organ-resident specialized cell types. For example, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) serves as a selective barrier between the systemic circulation and the brain, which effectively separates it from other tissues. It is capable of blocking around 98% of molecules that transport different medications to the target tumor.
Objectives
The purpose of this paper is to offer a concise overview of fundamental immunology and how ‘clever’ gliomas avoid the immune system despite the discovery of immunotherapy for glioma.
Conclusions
Herein, we highlight the complex interplay of the tumor, the TME, and the nearby normal structures makes it difficult to grasp how to approach the tumor itself. Numerous researchers have found that the brain TME is a critical regulator of glioma growth and treatment efficacy.
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10
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Guzman G, Pellot K, Reed MR, Rodriguez A. CAR T-cells to treat brain tumors. Brain Res Bull 2023; 196:76-98. [PMID: 36841424 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous success using CAR T therapy in hematological malignancies has garnered significant interest in developing such treatments for solid tumors, including brain tumors. This success, however, has yet to be mirrored in solid organ neoplasms. CAR T function has shown limited efficacy against brain tumors due to several factors including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, blood-brain barrier, and tumor-antigen heterogeneity. Despite these considerations, CAR T-cell therapy has the potential to be implemented as a treatment modality for brain tumors. Here, we review adult and pediatric brain tumors, including glioblastoma, diffuse midline gliomas, and medulloblastomas that continue to portend a grim prognosis. We describe insights gained from different preclinical models using CAR T therapy against various brain tumors and results gathered from ongoing clinical trials. Furthermore, we outline the challenges limiting CAR T therapy success against brain tumors and summarize advancements made to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Guzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | | | - Megan R Reed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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11
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Nagato T, Komatsuda H, Hayashi R, Takahara M, Kishibe K, Yasuda S, Yajima Y, Kosaka A, Ohkuri T, Oikawa K, Harabuchi S, Kono M, Yamaki H, Wakisaka R, Hirata-Nozaki Y, Ohara K, Kumai T, Katada A, Hayashi T, Harabuchi Y, Kobayashi H. Expression of soluble CD27 in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and CD27/CD70-targeted therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03394-7. [PMID: 36811663 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The engagement of CD27 on lymphocytes with its ligand, CD70, on tumors is believed to mediate tumor immune evasion and the elevation of serum soluble CD27 (sCD27) levels in patients with CD70-positive malignancies. We previously showed that CD70 is expressed in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related malignancy. However, little is known about serum sCD27 expression and its association with the clinical characteristics of, and the CD27/CD70 interaction in, ENKL. In the present study, we show that serum sCD27 is significantly elevated in the sera of patients with ENKL. The levels of serum sCD27 provided excellent diagnostic accuracy for discriminating patients with ENKL from healthy subjects, correlated positively with the levels of other diagnostic markers (lactate dehydrogenase, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and EBV-DNA), and decreased significantly following treatment. Elevated serum sCD27 levels also correlated significantly with advanced clinical stage and tended to correspond with shorter survival, in patients with ENKL. Immunohistochemistry indicated that CD27-positive tumor-infiltrating immune cells exist adjacent to CD70-positive lymphoma cells. In addition, serum sCD27 levels in patients with CD70-positive ENKL were significantly higher than those in patients with CD70-negative ENKL, suggesting that the intra-tumoral CD27/CD70 interaction boosts the release of sCD27 in serum. Furthermore, the EBV-encoded oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 upregulated CD70 expression in ENKL cells. Our results suggest that sCD27 may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker and also may serve as a tool for evaluating the applicability of CD27/CD70-targeted therapies by predicting intra-tumoral CD70 expression and CD27/CD70 interaction in ENKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Komatsuda
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Innovative Research for Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kan Kishibe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.,Respiratory and Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Yajima
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akemi Kosaka
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohkuri
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Shohei Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Michihisa Kono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hidekiyo Yamaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Risa Wakisaka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yui Hirata-Nozaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kenzo Ohara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Innovative Research for Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Katada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
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12
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Nilsson MB, Yang Y, Heeke S, Patel SA, Poteete A, Udagawa H, Elamin YY, Moran CA, Kashima Y, Arumugam T, Yu X, Ren X, Diao L, Shen L, Wang Q, Zhang M, Robichaux JP, Shi C, Pfeil AN, Tran H, Gibbons DL, Bock J, Wang J, Minna JD, Kobayashi SS, Le X, Heymach JV. CD70 is a therapeutic target upregulated in EMT-associated EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:340-355.e6. [PMID: 36787696 PMCID: PMC10259078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapeutic strategies are needed for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations that acquire resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) mediated by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We investigate cell surface proteins that could be targeted by antibody-based or adoptive cell therapy approaches and identify CD70 as being highly upregulated in EMT-associated resistance. Moreover, CD70 upregulation is an early event in the evolution of resistance and occurs in drug-tolerant persister cells (DTPCs). CD70 promotes cell survival and invasiveness, and stimulation of CD70 triggers signal transduction pathways known to be re-activated with acquired TKI resistance. Anti-CD70 antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and CD70-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell and CAR NK cells show potent activity against EGFR TKI-resistant cells and DTPCs. These results identify CD70 as a therapeutic target for EGFR mutant tumors with acquired EGFR TKI resistance that merits clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique B Nilsson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Simon Heeke
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sonia A Patel
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alissa Poteete
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hibiki Udagawa
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yasir Y Elamin
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cesar A Moran
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yukie Kashima
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Thiruvengadam Arumugam
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Yu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Ren
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Minying Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacqulyne P Robichaux
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunhua Shi
- Department of Biologics Development, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Allyson N Pfeil
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hai Tran
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason Bock
- Department of Oncology Research BIT, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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13
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Inaguma S, Ueki A, Lasota J, Komura M, Sheema AN, Czapiewski P, Langfort R, Rys J, Szpor J, Waloszczyk P, Okoń K, Biernat W, Schrump DS, Hassan R, Miettinen M, Takahashi S. CD70 and PD-L1 (CD274) co-expression predicts poor clinical outcomes in patients with pleural mesothelioma. J Pathol Clin Res 2023; 9:195-207. [PMID: 36754859 PMCID: PMC10073927 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a highly aggressive tumour typically associated with short survival. Recently, the effectiveness of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with unresectable PM was reported. CD70-CD27 signalling plays a co-stimulatory role in promoting T cell expansion and differentiation through the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. Conversely, the PD-L1 (CD274)-PD-1 (PDCD1) pathway is crucial for the modulation of immune responses in normal conditions. Nevertheless, pathological activation of both the CD70-CD27 and PD-L1-PD-1 pathways by aberrantly expressed CD70 and PD-L1 participates in the immune evasion of tumour cells. In this study, 171 well-characterised PMs including epithelioid (n = 144), biphasic (n = 15), and sarcomatoid (n = 12) histotypes were evaluated immunohistochemically for CD70, PD-L1, and immune cell markers such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, PD-1, FOXP3, CD68, and CD163. Eight percent (14/171) of mesotheliomas simultaneously expressed CD70 and PD-L1 on the tumour cell membrane. PMs co-expressing CD70 and PD-L1 contained significantly higher numbers of CD8+ (p = 0.0016), FOXP3+ (p = 0.00075), and CD163+ (p = 0.0011) immune cells within their microenvironments. Overall survival was significantly decreased in the cohort of patients with PM co-expressing CD70 and PD-L1 (p < 0.0001). In vitro experiments revealed that PD-L1 and CD70 additively enhanced the motility and invasiveness of PM cells. In contrast, PM cell proliferation was suppressed by PD-L1. PD-L1 enhanced mesenchymal phenotypes such as N-cadherin up-regulation. Collectively, these findings suggest that CD70 and PD-L1 both enhance the malignant phenotypes of PM and diminish anti-tumour immune responses. Based on our observations, combination therapy targeting these signalling pathways might be useful in patients with PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akane Ueki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jerzy Lasota
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asraful Nahar Sheema
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Piotr Czapiewski
- Department of Pathology, Dessau Medical Centre, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renata Langfort
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Rys
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Szpor
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Okoń
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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14
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Gulve N, Su C, Deng Z, Soldan SS, Vladimirova O, Wickramasinghe J, Zheng H, Kossenkov AV, Lieberman PM. DAXX-ATRX regulation of p53 chromatin binding and DNA damage response. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5033. [PMID: 36028493 PMCID: PMC9418176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DAXX and ATRX are tumor suppressor proteins that form a histone H3.3 chaperone complex and are frequently mutated in cancers with the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Here, we show that DAXX and ATRX knock-out (KO) U87-T cells that have acquired ALT-like features have defects in p53 chromatin binding and DNA damage response. RNA-seq analysis revealed that p53 pathway is among the most perturbed. ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq revealed a genome-wide reduction in p53 DNA-binding and corresponding loss of chromatin accessibility at many p53 response elements across the genome. Both DAXX and ATRX null cells showed a depletion of histone H3.3 and accumulation of γH2AX at many p53 sites, including subtelomeres. These findings indicate that loss of DAXX or ATRX can compromise p53 chromatin binding and p53 DNA damage response in ALT-like cells, providing a link between histone composition, chromatin accessibility and tumor suppressor function of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Gulve
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chenhe Su
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhong Deng
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hongwu Zheng
- Weill School of Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Ortiz-Cuaran S, Swalduz A, Foy JP, Marteau S, Morel AP, Fauvet F, De Souza G, Michon L, Boussageon M, Gadot N, Godefroy M, Léon S, Tortereau A, Mourksi NEH, Leonce C, Albaret MA, Dongre A, Vanbervliet B, Robert M, Tonon L, Pommier RM, Hofman V, Attignon V, Boyault S, Audoynaud C, Auclair J, Bouquet F, Wang Q, Ménétrier-Caux C, Pérol M, Caux C, Hofman P, Lantuejoul S, Puisieux A, Saintigny P. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition promotes immune escape by inducing CD70 in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2022; 169:106-122. [PMID: 35550950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumor aggressiveness, drug resistance, and poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other cancers. The identification of immune-checkpoint ligands (ICPLs) associated with NSCLCs that display a mesenchymal phenotype (mNSCLC) could help to define subgroups of patients who may benefit from treatment strategies using immunotherapy. METHODS We evaluated ICPL expression in silico in 130 NSCLC cell lines. In vitro, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown and lentiviral expression were used to assess the impact of ZEB1 expression on CD70. Gene expression profiles of lung cancer samples from the TCGA (n = 1018) and a dataset from MD Anderson Cancer Center (n = 275) were analyzed. Independent validation was performed by immunohistochemistry and targeted-RNA sequencing in 154 NSCLC whole sections, including a large cohort of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (SC, n = 55). RESULTS We uncover that the expression of CD70, a regulatory ligand from the tumor necrosis factor ligand family, is enriched in mNSCLC in vitro models. Mechanistically, the EMT-inducer ZEB1 impacted CD70 expression and fostered increased activity of the CD70 promoter. CD70 overexpression was also evidenced in mNSCLC patient tumor samples and was particularly enriched in SC, a lung cancer subtype associated with poor prognosis. In these tumors, CD70 expression was associated with decreased CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration and increased T-cell exhaustion markers. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence on the pivotal roles of CD70 and ZEB1 in immune escape in mNSCLC, suggesting that EMT might promote cancer progression and metastasis by not only increasing cancer cell plasticity but also reprogramming the immune response in the local tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Aurélie Swalduz
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Foy
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Solène Marteau
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Pierre Morel
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique Fauvet
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Geneviève De Souza
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lucas Michon
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Boussageon
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- Research Pathology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Godefroy
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Léon
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Antonin Tortereau
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nour-El-Houda Mourksi
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Leonce
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Alexandra Albaret
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anushka Dongre
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Béatrice Vanbervliet
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Robert
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie Tonon
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Roxane M Pommier
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Université Côte D'Azur, CHU de Nice, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Nice, France
| | | | - Sandrine Boyault
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Qing Wang
- Genomics Platform, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Ménétrier-Caux
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maurice Pérol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Université Côte D'Azur, CHU de Nice, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Nice, France
| | - Sylvie Lantuejoul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Research Pathology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
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16
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Lin YJ, Mashouf LA, Lim M. CAR T Cell Therapy in Primary Brain Tumors: Current Investigations and the Future. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817296. [PMID: 35265074 PMCID: PMC8899093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells) are engineered cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against a specific tumor antigen (TA) that allows for the identification and elimination of cancer cells. The remarkable clinical effect seen with CAR T cell therapies against hematological malignancies have attracted interest in developing such therapies for solid tumors, including brain tumors. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and is associated with poor prognosis due to its highly aggressive nature. Pediatric brain cancers are similarly aggressive and thus are a major cause of pediatric cancer-related death. CAR T cell therapy represents a promising avenue for therapy against these malignancies. Several specific TAs, such as EGFR/EGFRvIII, IL13Rα2, B7-H3, and HER2, have been targeted in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Unfortunately, CAR T cells against brain tumors have showed limited efficacy due to TA heterogeneity, difficulty trafficking from blood to tumor sites, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we review current CAR T cell approaches in treating cancers, with particular focus on brain cancers. We also describe a novel technique of focused ultrasound controlling the activation of engineered CAR T cells to achieve the safer cell therapies. Finally, we summarize the development of combinational strategies to improve the efficacy and overcome historical limitations of CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jui Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Leila A Mashouf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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17
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Salman S, Meyers DJ, Wicks EE, Lee SN, Datan E, Thomas AM, Anders NM, Hwang Y, Lyu Y, Yang Y, Jackson W, Dordai D, Rudek MA, Semenza GL. HIF inhibitor 32-134D eradicates murine hepatocellular carcinoma in combination with anti-PD1 therapy. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:156774. [PMID: 35499076 PMCID: PMC9057582 DOI: 10.1172/jci156774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide and available therapies, including immunotherapies, are ineffective for many patients. HCC is characterized by intratumoral hypoxia, and increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in diagnostic biopsies is associated with patient mortality. Here we report the development of 32-134D, a low-molecular-weight compound that effectively inhibits gene expression mediated by HIF-1 and HIF-2 in HCC cells, and blocks human and mouse HCC tumor growth. In immunocompetent mice bearing Hepa1-6 HCC tumors, addition of 32-134D to anti-PD1 therapy increased the rate of tumor eradication from 25% to 67%. Treated mice showed no changes in appearance, behavior, body weight, hemoglobin, or hematocrit. Compound 32-134D altered the expression of a large battery of genes encoding proteins that mediate angiogenesis, glycolytic metabolism, and responses to innate and adaptive immunity. This altered gene expression led to significant changes in the tumor immune microenvironment, including a decreased percentage of tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which mediate immune evasion, and an increased percentage of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells, which mediate antitumor immunity. Taken together, these preclinical findings suggest that combining 32-134D with immune checkpoint blockade may represent a breakthrough therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaima Salman
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center
- Institute for Cell Engineering
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine
| | | | | | - Sophia N. Lee
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center
- Institute for Cell Engineering
| | - Emmanuel Datan
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center
- Institute for Cell Engineering
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine
| | - Aline M. Thomas
- Institute for Cell Engineering
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Nicole M. Anders
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Yousang Hwang
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center
- Institute for Cell Engineering
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences
| | - Yajing Lyu
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center
- Institute for Cell Engineering
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center
- Institute for Cell Engineering
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Walter Jackson
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center
- Institute for Cell Engineering
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine
| | - Dominic Dordai
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center
- Institute for Cell Engineering
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine
| | - Michelle A. Rudek
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregg L. Semenza
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center
- Institute for Cell Engineering
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
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18
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Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020427. [PMID: 35203636 PMCID: PMC8962267 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains a challenging disease to treat, despite well-established standard-of-care treatments, with a median survival consistently of less than 2 years. In this review, we delineate the unique disease-specific challenges for immunotherapies, both brain-related and non-brain-related, which will need to be adequately overcome for the development of effective treatments. We also review current immunotherapy treatments, with a focus on clinical applications, and propose future directions for the field of GBM immunotherapy.
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19
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Seyfrid M, Maich WT, Shaikh VM, Tatari N, Upreti D, Piyasena D, Subapanditha M, Savage N, McKenna D, Mikolajewicz N, Han H, Chokshi C, Kuhlmann L, Khoo A, Salim SK, Archibong-Bassey B, Gwynne W, Brown K, Murtaza N, Bakhshinyan D, Vora P, Venugopal C, Moffat J, Kislinger T, Singh S. CD70 as an actionable immunotherapeutic target in recurrent glioblastoma and its microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e003289. [PMID: 35017149 PMCID: PMC8753449 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) patients suffer from a dismal prognosis, with standard of care therapy inevitably leading to therapy-resistant recurrent tumors. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) drives the extensive heterogeneity seen in GBM, prompting the need for novel therapies specifically targeting this subset of tumor-driving cells. Here, we identify CD70 as a potential therapeutic target for recurrent GBM CSCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In the current study, we identified the relevance and functional influence of CD70 on primary and recurrent GBM cells, and further define its function using established stem cell assays. We use CD70 knockdown studies, subsequent RNAseq pathway analysis, and in vivo xenotransplantation to validate CD70's role in GBM. Next, we developed and tested an anti-CD70 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy, which we validated in vitro and in vivo using our established preclinical model of human GBM. Lastly, we explored the importance of CD70 in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) by assessing the presence of its receptor, CD27, in immune infiltrates derived from freshly resected GBM tumor samples. RESULTS CD70 expression is elevated in recurrent GBM and CD70 knockdown reduces tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. CD70 CAR-T therapy significantly improves prognosis in vivo. We also found CD27 to be present on the cell surface of multiple relevant GBM TIME cell populations, notably putative M1 macrophages and CD4 T cells. CONCLUSION CD70 plays a key role in recurrent GBM cell aggressiveness and maintenance. Immunotherapeutic targeting of CD70 significantly improves survival in animal models and the CD70/CD27 axis may be a viable polytherapeutic avenue to co-target both GBM and its TIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Seyfrid
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Thomas Maich
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nazanin Tatari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepak Upreti
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deween Piyasena
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minomi Subapanditha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dillon McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Mikolajewicz
- Department of Molecular Genetics - Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Molecular Genetics - Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chirayu Chokshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Kuhlmann
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Khoo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabra Khalid Salim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William Gwynne
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Brown
- Department of Molecular Genetics - Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadeem Murtaza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parvez Vora
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics - Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila Singh
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Natural Receptor- and Ligand-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptors: Strategies Using Natural Ligands and Receptors for Targeted Cell Killing. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010021. [PMID: 35011583 PMCID: PMC8750724 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been widely successful in the treatment of B-cell malignancies, including B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma; and three generations of CAR designs have led to effective FDA approved therapeutics. Traditionally, CAR antigen specificity is derived from a monoclonal antibody where the variable heavy (VH) and variable light (VL) chains are connected by a peptide linker to form a single-chain variable fragment (scFv). While this provides a level of antigen specificity parallel to that of an antibody and has shown great success in the clinic, this design is not universally successful. For instance, issues of stability, immunogenicity, and antigen escape hinder the translational application of some CARs. As an alternative, natural receptor- or ligand-based designs may prove advantageous in some circumstances compared to scFv-based designs. Herein, the advantages and disadvantages of scFv-based and natural receptor- or ligand-based CAR designs are discussed. In addition, several translational aspects of natural receptor- and ligand-based CAR approaches that are being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies will be examined.
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21
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Bailey CP, Wang R, Figueroa M, Zhang S, Wang L, Chandra J. Computational immune infiltration analysis of pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) reveals differences in immunosuppression and prognosis by tumor location. COMPUTATIONAL AND SYSTEMS ONCOLOGY 2021; 1. [PMID: 34723252 DOI: 10.1002/cso2.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for cancer has moved from pre-clinical hypothesis to successful clinical application in the past 15 years. However, not all cancers have shown response rates in clinical trials for these new agents, high-grade gliomas in particular have proved exceedingly refractory to immunotherapy. In adult patients, there has been much investigation into these failures, and researchers have concluded that an immunosuppressive microenvironment combined with low mutational burden render adult glioblastomas "immune cold". Pediatric cancer patients develop gliomas at a higher rate per malignancy than adults, and their brain tumors bear even fewer mutations. These tumors can also develop in more diverse locations in the brain, beyond the cerebral hemispheres seen in adults, including in the brainstem where critical motor functions are controlled. While adult brain tumor immune infiltration has been extensively profiled from surgical resections, this is not possible for brainstem tumors which can only be sampled at autopsy. Given these limitations, there is a dearth of information on immune cells and their therapeutic and prognostic impact in pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), including hemispheric tumors in addition to brainstem. In this report we use computational methods to examine immune infiltrate in pHGGs and discover distinct immune patterns between hemispheric and brainstem tumors. In hemispheric tumors, we find positive prognostic associations for regulatory T-cells, memory B-cells, eosinophils, and dendritic cells, but not in brainstem tumors. These differences suggest that immunotherapeutic approaches must be cognizant of pHGG tumor location and tailored for optimum efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavan P Bailey
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics - Research, Houston, TX, USA.,University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruiping Wang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genomic Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Figueroa
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics - Research, Houston, TX, USA.,University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genomic Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genomic Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joya Chandra
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics - Research, Houston, TX, USA.,University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Houston, TX, USA.,University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Maggs L, Cattaneo G, Dal AE, Moghaddam AS, Ferrone S. CAR T Cell-Based Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:662064. [PMID: 34113233 PMCID: PMC8185049 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.662064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options typically consist of surgery followed by chemotherapy or more frequently radiotherapy, however, median patient survival remains at just over 1 year. Therefore, the need for novel curative therapies for GBM is vital. Characterization of GBM cells has contributed to identify several molecules as targets for immunotherapy-based treatments such as EGFR/EGFRvIII, IL13Rα2, B7-H3, and CSPG4. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes collected from a patient can be genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for an identified tumor antigen (TA). These CAR T cells can then be re-administered to the patient to identify and eliminate cancer cells. The impressive clinical responses to TA-specific CAR T cell-based therapies in patients with hematological malignancies have generated a lot of interest in the application of this strategy with solid tumors including GBM. Several clinical trials are evaluating TA-specific CAR T cells to treat GBM. Unfortunately, the efficacy of CAR T cells against solid tumors has been limited due to several factors. These include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, inadequate trafficking and infiltration of CAR T cells and their lack of persistence and activity. In particular, GBM has specific limitations to overcome including acquired resistance to therapy, limited diffusion across the blood brain barrier and risks of central nervous system toxicity. Here we review current CAR T cell-based approaches for the treatment of GBM and summarize the mechanisms being explored in pre-clinical, as well as clinical studies to improve their anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Maggs
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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23
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Decipher the Glioblastoma Microenvironment: The First Milestone for New Groundbreaking Therapeutic Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030445. [PMID: 33804731 PMCID: PMC8003887 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. Despite the combination of novel therapeutical approaches, it remains a deadly malignancy with an abysmal prognosis. GBM is a polymorphic tumour from both molecular and histological points of view. It consists of different malignant cells and various stromal cells, contributing to tumour initiation, progression, and treatment response. GBM’s microenvironment is multifaceted and is made up of soluble factors, extracellular matrix components, tissue-resident cell types (e.g., neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts) together with resident (e.g., microglia) or recruited (e.g., bone marrow-derived macrophages) immune cells. These latter constitute the so-called immune microenvironment, accounting for a substantial GBM’s tumour volume. Despite the abundance of immune cells, an intense state of tumour immunosuppression is promoted and developed; this represents the significant challenge for cancer cells’ immune-mediated destruction. Though literature data suggest that distinct GBM’s subtypes harbour differences in their microenvironment, its role in treatment response remains obscure. However, an in-depth investigation of GBM’s microenvironment may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities to improve patients’ outcomes. This review will elucidate the GBM’s microenvironment composition, highlighting the current state of the art in immunotherapy approaches. We will focus on novel strategies of active and passive immunotherapies, including vaccination, gene therapy, checkpoint blockade, and adoptive T-cell therapies.
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24
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Zhang Q, Guan G, Cheng P, Cheng W, Yang L, Wu A. Characterization of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature to evaluate immune features and predict prognosis in glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3870-3884. [PMID: 33611848 PMCID: PMC8051731 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has considerable impact on cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, invasion, angiogenesis and chemoradiotherapy resistance in various cancers. However, the effect of ER stress on the outcomes of glioma patients remains unclear. In this study, we established an ER stress risk model based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioma data set to reflect immune characteristics and predict the prognosis of glioma patients. Survival analysis indicated that there were significant differences in the overall survival (OS) of glioma patients with different ER stress-related risk scores. Moreover, the ER stress-related risk signature, which was markedly associated with the clinicopathological properties of glioma patients, could serve as an independent prognostic indicator. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the risk model correlated with immune and inflammation responses, as well as biosynthesis and degradation. In addition, the ER stress-related risk model indicated an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In conclusion, we present an ER stress risk model that is an independent prognostic factor and indicates the general immune characteristics in the glioma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gefei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lianhe Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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25
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Abolhassani H. Specific Immune Response and Cytokine Production in CD70 Deficiency. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:615724. [PMID: 33996677 PMCID: PMC8120026 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.615724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective clinical and immunologic findings of defects in the CD27-CD70 axis indicate a primary immunodeficiency associated with terminal B-cell development defect and immune dysregulation leading to autoimmunity, uncontrolled viral infection, and lymphoma. Since the molecular mechanism underlying this entity of primary immunodeficiency has been recently described, more insight regarding the function and profile of immunity is required. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate stimulated antibody production, polyclonal vs. virus-specific T-cell response, and cytokine production of a CD70-deficient patient reported previously with early-onset antibody deficiency suffering from chronic viral infections and B-cell lymphoma. The patient and her family members were subjected to clinical evaluation, immunological assays, and functional analyses. The findings of this study indicate an impaired ability of B cells to produce immunoglobulins, and a poor effector function of T cells was also associated with the severity of clinical phenotype. Reduced proportions of cells expressing the memory marker CD45RO, as well as T-bet and Eomes, were observed in CD70-deficient T cells. The proportion of 2B4+ and PD-1+ virus-specific CD8+ T cells was also reduced in the patient. Although the CD70-mutated individuals presented with early-onset clinical manifestations that were well-controlled by using conventional immunological and anticancer chemotherapies, with better prognosis as compared with CD27-deficient patients, targeted treatment toward specific disturbed immune profile may improve the management and even prevent secondary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Pearson JRD, Cuzzubbo S, McArthur S, Durrant LG, Adhikaree J, Tinsley CJ, Pockley AG, McArdle SEB. Immune Escape in Glioblastoma Multiforme and the Adaptation of Immunotherapies for Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582106. [PMID: 33178210 PMCID: PMC7594513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring primary brain tumor and has a very poor prognosis, with only around 5% of patients surviving for a period of 5 years or more after diagnosis. Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, consisting mostly of a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy, tumors nearly always recur close to the site of resection. For the past 15 years, very little progress has been made with regards to improving patient survival. Although immunotherapy represents an attractive therapy modality due to the promising pre-clinical results observed, many of these potential immunotherapeutic approaches fail during clinical trials, and to date no immunotherapeutic treatments for GBM have been approved. As for many other difficult to treat cancers, GBM combines a lack of immunogenicity with few mutations and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Unfortunately, both tumor and immune cells have been shown to contribute towards this immunosuppressive phenotype. In addition, current therapeutics also exacerbate this immunosuppression which might explain the failure of immunotherapy-based clinical trials in the GBM setting. Understanding how these mechanisms interact with one another, as well as how one can increase the anti-tumor immune response by addressing local immunosuppression will lead to better clinical results for immune-based therapeutics. Improving therapeutic delivery across the blood brain barrier also presents a challenge for immunotherapy and future therapies will need to consider this. This review highlights the immunosuppressive mechanisms employed by GBM cancers and examines potential immunotherapeutic treatments that can overcome these significant immunosuppressive hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. D. Pearson
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Cuzzubbo
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirurgicales (Fondation Carpentier), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lindy G. Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Adhikaree
- Academic Oncology, Nottingham University NHS Trusts, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J. Tinsley
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie E. B. McArdle
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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27
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A Head Start: CAR-T Cell Therapy for Primary Malignant Brain Tumors. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020; 21:73. [PMID: 32725495 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-020-00772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Oncology is the midst of a therapeutic renaissance. The realization of immunotherapy as an efficacious and expanding treatment option has empowered physicians and patients alike. However, despite these remarkable advances, we have only just broached the potential immunotherapy has to offer and have yet to successfully expand these novel modalities to the field of neuro-oncology. In recent years, exciting results in preclinical studies of immune adjuvants, oncolytic viruses, or cell therapy have been met with only fleeting signs of response when taken to early phase trials. Although many have speculated why these innovative approaches result in impaired outcomes, we are left empty-handed in a field plagued by a drought of new therapies. Herein, we will review the recent advances across cellular therapy for primary malignant brain tumors, an approach that lends itself to overcoming the inherent resistance mechanisms which have impeded the success of prior treatment attempts.
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28
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Therapeutic Strategies for Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance Mediated by Immunosuppressive Factors of the Glioblastoma Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071960. [PMID: 32707672 PMCID: PMC7409093 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Various mechanisms of treatment resistance have been reported for glioblastoma (GBM) and other tumors. Resistance to immunotherapy in GBM patients may be caused by acquisition of immunosuppressive ability by tumor cells and an altered tumor microenvironment. Although novel strategies using an immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), such as anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody, have been clinically proven to be effective in many types of malignant tumors, such strategies may be insufficient to prevent regrowth in recurrent GBM. The main cause of GBM recurrence may be the existence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment involving immunosuppressive cytokines, extracellular vesicles, chemokines produced by glioma and glioma-initiating cells, immunosuppressive cells, etc. Among these, recent research has paid attention to various immunosuppressive cells—including M2-type macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells—that cause immunosuppression in GBM microenvironments. Here, we review the epidemiological features, tumor immune microenvironment, and associations between the expression of immune checkpoint molecules and the prognosis of GBM. We also reviewed various ongoing or future immunotherapies for GBM. Various strategies, such as a combination of ICI therapies, might overcome these immunosuppressive mechanisms in the GBM microenvironment.
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Hassn Mesrati M, Behrooz AB, Y. Abuhamad A, Syahir A. Understanding Glioblastoma Biomarkers: Knocking a Mountain with a Hammer. Cells 2020; 9:E1236. [PMID: 32429463 PMCID: PMC7291262 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent and deadly form of human primary brain tumors. Among them, the most common and aggressive type is the high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which rapidly grows and renders patients a very poor prognosis. Meanwhile, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been determined in gliomas and play vital roles in driving tumor growth due to their competency in self-renewal and proliferation. Studies of gliomas have recognized CSCs via specific markers. This review comprehensively examines the current knowledge of the most significant CSCs markers in gliomas in general and in glioblastoma in particular and specifically focuses on their outlook and importance in gliomas CSCs research. We suggest that CSCs should be the superior therapeutic approach by directly targeting the markers. In addition, we highlight the association of these markers with each other in relation to their cascading pathways, and interactions with functional miRNAs, providing the role of the networks axes in glioblastoma signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amir Syahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.M.); (A.B.B.); (A.Y.A.)
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Medikonda R, Dunn G, Rahman M, Fecci P, Lim M. A review of glioblastoma immunotherapy. J Neurooncol 2020; 151:41-53. [PMID: 32253714 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma is a very aggressive cancer with dismal prognosis despite standard of care including surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. There is interest in applying immunotherapy to glioblastoma as this modality has demonstrated remarkable improvements in the management of several solid tumors including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of glioblastoma immunotherapy. METHODS Literature search was performed on PubMed between 1961 and 2020. RESULTS Initial clinical trials of checkpoint inhibitors and vaccine therapy for glioblastoma have largely been disappointing for both primary and recurrent glioblastoma. This failure has been attributed to glioblastoma's highly immunosuppressive environment and multiple mechanisms of therapy resistance including high tumor heterogeneity, low mutational burden, systemic immunosuppression, and local immune dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Current clinical trials are exploring combination therapy and novel treatment strategies beyond immune checkpoint therapies and vaccine therapy such as CAR T cells. There is also an effort to establish synergy between immunotherapy and current standard of care. Furthermore, recent advances in personalized neoantigen vaccines suggest a shift towards personalized, patient-specific GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Medikonda
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Gavin Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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31
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Role of myeloid cells in the immunosuppressive microenvironment in gliomas. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Inaguma S, Lasota J, Czapiewski P, Langfort R, Rys J, Szpor J, Waloszczyk P, Okoń K, Biernat W, Schrump DS, Hassan R, Kasai K, Miettinen M, Ikeda H. CD70 expression correlates with a worse prognosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma patients via immune evasion and enhanced invasiveness. J Pathol 2019; 250:205-216. [PMID: 31639216 DOI: 10.1002/path.5361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura (MPM) is a highly aggressive tumour that typically is associated with short survival. CD70 and CD27 belong to the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily, respectively. Under physiological conditions, the tightly regulated interaction between CD70 and CD27 plays a co-stimulatory role in promoting T-cell expansion and differentiation through the NFκB pathway. Aberrantly high CD70 expression has been documented in haematological and solid malignancies in association with immune evasion in malignant cells. In this study, 172 well-characterised primary diffuse MPM tumours including epithelioid (n = 145), biphasic (n = 15), and sarcomatoid (n = 12) histotypes were evaluated immunohistochemically for CD70, CD27, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, PDCD1 (PD-1), and FOXP3 expression. Twenty per cent (34/172) of the mesothelioma cells expressed CD70 on the cell membrane. Overall survival was significantly decreased in the cohort of patients with CD70-expressing tumour cells (p < 0.01). Patients with MPM containing a higher number of CD3+ (p < 0.01), CD4+ (p < 0.01), CD8+ (p < 0.01), or FOXP3+ (p < 0.01) tumour-infiltrating lymphoid cells (TILs) showed significantly worse clinical outcomes. As potential independent risk factors for MPM patients, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed CD70 expression on mesothelioma cells [hazard ratio (HR) 2.25; p = 0.010], higher FOXP3+ TILs (HR 2.81; p = 0.004), and higher CD3+ TIL accumulation (HR 6.12; p < 0.001). In contrast, as a potential independent favourable factor, higher CD27+ TIL accumulation (HR 0.48; p = 0.037) was identified. In vitro experiments and an immunodeficient mouse model revealed that CD70 enhances the invasiveness of MPM cells through MET-ERK axis activation. Further analyses in syngeneic mouse models demonstrated possible roles for CD70 in immune evasion. Collectively, these findings suggest that the CD70-CD27 pathway enhances the malignant phenotypes of MPM and diminishes anti-tumor immune response in patients with these neoplasms. These markers might be useful in MPM for prognostic evaluations as well as targeted therapeutics. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Jerzy Lasota
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Czapiewski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renata Langfort
- Department of Pathology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Rys
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Krakow Branch, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Szpor
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Okoń
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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33
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Burger MC, Zhang C, Harter PN, Romanski A, Strassheimer F, Senft C, Tonn T, Steinbach JP, Wels WS. CAR-Engineered NK Cells for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Turning Innate Effectors Into Precision Tools for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2683. [PMID: 31798595 PMCID: PMC6868035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and currently incurable. Despite multimodal treatment regimens, median survival in unselected patient cohorts is <1 year, and recurrence remains almost inevitable. Escape from immune surveillance is thought to contribute to the development and progression of GB. While GB tumors are frequently infiltrated by natural killer (NK) cells, these are actively suppressed by the GB cells and the GB tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo. NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Burger
- Institute for Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Congcong Zhang
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annette Romanski
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Strassheimer
- Institute for Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Senft
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Dresden, Germany.,Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Institute for Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Lee J, Hwang H, Kim S, Hwang J, Yoon J, Yin D, Choi SI, Kim YH, Kim YS, An HJ. Comprehensive Profiling of Surface Gangliosides Extracted from Various Cell Lines by LC-MS/MS. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111323. [PMID: 31717732 PMCID: PMC6912501 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides act as a surface marker at the outer cellular membrane and play key roles in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Despite the biological importance of gangliosides, they have been still poorly characterized due to the lack of effective analytical tools. Herein, we performed molecular profiling and structural elucidation of intact gangliosides in various cell lines including CFPAC1, A549, NCI-H358, MCF7, and Caski. We identified and quantified a total of 76 gangliosides on cell membrane using C18 LC-MS/MS. Gangliosides found in each cell line exhibited high complexity and diversity both qualitatively and quantitatively. The most abundant species was GM3(d34:1) in CFPAC1, NCI-H358, and MCF7, while GM2(d34:1) and GM1(d34:1) were major components in A549 and Caski, respectively. Notably, glycan moieties showed more diversity between cancer cell lines than ceramide moieties. In addition, noncancerous pancreatic cell line (hTERT/HPNE) could be distinguished by gangliosides containing different levels of sialic acid compared with cancerous pancreatic cell line (CFPAC1). These results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of our analytical platform to comprehensive profile of cell surface gangliosides for identifying cell types and subgrouping cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jua Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Heeyoun Hwang
- Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si 28119, Korea;
| | - Sumin Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaeyun Hwang
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaekyung Yoon
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Dongtan Yin
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sun Il Choi
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.I.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea; (S.I.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yong-Sam Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.)
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-8552
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BRCA-1 depletion impairs pro-inflammatory polarization and activation of RAW 264.7 macrophages in a NF-κB-dependent mechanism. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 462:11-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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CD70 expression in tumor-associated fibroblasts predicts worse survival in colorectal cancer patients. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:425-434. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Sevenich L. Turning "Cold" Into "Hot" Tumors-Opportunities and Challenges for Radio-Immunotherapy Against Primary and Metastatic Brain Cancers. Front Oncol 2019; 9:163. [PMID: 30941312 PMCID: PMC6433980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of immunotherapies has revolutionized intervention strategies for a variety of primary cancers. Despite this promising progress, treatment options for primary brain cancer and brain metastasis remain limited and still largely depend on surgical resection, radio- and/or chemotherapy. The paucity in the successful development of immunotherapies for brain cancers can in part be attributed to the traditional view of the brain as an immunologically privileged site. The presence of the blood-brain barrier and the absence of lymphatic drainage were believed to restrict the entry of blood-borne immune and inflammatory cells into the central nervous system (CNS), leading to an exclusion of the brain from systemic immune surveillance. However, recent insight from pre-clinical and clinical studies on the immune landscape of brain cancers challenged this dogma. Recruitment of blood-borne immune cells into the CNS provides unprecedented opportunities for the development of tumor microenvironment (TME)-targeted or immunotherapies against primary and metastatic cancers. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized that in addition to genotoxic effects, ionizing radiation represents a critical modulator of tumor-associated inflammation and synergizes with immunotherapies in adjuvant settings. This review summarizes current knowledge on the cellular and molecular identity of tumor-associated immune cells in primary and metastatic brain cancers and discusses underlying mechanisms by which ionizing radiation modulates the immune response. Detailed mechanistic insight into the effects of radiation on the unique immune landscape of brain cancers is essential for the development of multimodality intervention strategies in which immune-modulatory effects of radiotherapy are exploited to sensitize brain cancers to immunotherapies by converting immunologically “cold” into “hot” environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sevenich
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
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38
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Jin L, Ge H, Long Y, Yang C, Chang YE, Mu L, Sayour EJ, De Leon G, Wang QJ, Yang JC, Kubilis PS, Bao H, Xia S, Lu D, Kong Y, Hu L, Shang Y, Jiang C, Nie J, Li S, Gu Y, Sun J, Mitchell DA, Lin Z, Huang J. CD70, a novel target of CAR T-cell therapy for gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2019. [PMID: 28651374 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer immunotherapy represents a promising treatment approach for malignant gliomas but is hampered by the limited number of ubiquitously expressed tumor antigens and the profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We identified cluster of differentiation (CD)70 as a novel immunosuppressive ligand and glioma target. Methods Normal tissues derived from 52 different organs and primary and recurrent low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and glioblastomas (GBMs) were thoroughly evaluated for CD70 gene and protein expression. The association between CD70 and patients' overall survival and its impact on T-cell death was also evaluated. Human and mouse CD70-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) were tested respectively against human primary GBMs and murine glioma lines. The antitumor efficacies of these CARs were also examined in orthotopic xenograft and syngeneic models. Results CD70 was not detected in peripheral and brain normal tissues but was constitutively overexpressed by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type primary LGGs and GBMs in the mesenchymal subgroup and recurrent tumors. CD70 was also associated with poor survival in these subgroups, which may link to its direct involvement in glioma chemokine productions and selective induction of CD8+ T-cell death. To explore the potential for therapeutic targeting of this newly identified immunosuppressive axis in GBM tumors, we demonstrate that both human and mouse CD70-specific CAR T cells recognize primary CD70+ GBM tumors in vitro and mediate the regression of established GBM in xenograft and syngeneic models without illicit effect. Conclusion These studies identify a previously uncharacterized and ubiquitously expressed immunosuppressive ligand CD70 in GBMs that also holds potential for serving as a novel CAR target for cancer immunotherapy in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchun Jin
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Yu Long
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Changlin Yang
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yifan Emily Chang
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luyan Mu
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Elias J Sayour
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gabriel De Leon
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Applied Therapeutics, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qiong J Wang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - James C Yang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul S Kubilis
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hongbo Bao
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Songsong Xia
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Dunyue Lu
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Yingjun Kong
- Second Section of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Hu
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Yujiao Shang
- Second Section of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chencheng Jiang
- Second Section of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Second Section of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shimin Li
- Second Section of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunhe Gu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhiguo Lin
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Banerjee A, Mahata B, Dhir A, Mandal TK, Biswas K. Elevated histone H3 acetylation and loss of the Sp1-HDAC1 complex de-repress the GM2-synthase gene in renal cell carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1005-1018. [PMID: 30463940 PMCID: PMC6341395 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GM2-synthase produces sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids called gangliosides, and its mRNA overexpression and the gangliosides it generates are linked to tumor progression, migration, and suppression of tumor-specific host immune responses. However, the mechanism underlying GM2-synthase de-repression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that higher GM2-synthase mRNA expression levels in various cancer cells and in human RCC tumors correlate with higher histone acetylation levels (H3K9, H3K14, or both) at region +38/+187 relative to the transcription start site (TSS) of the GM2-synthase gene than in normal kidney epithelial (NKE) cells or healthy adjacent tissues. An increase in GM2-synthase mRNA expression in cells treated with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor was accompanied by increased histone acetylation levels at this promoter region. DNA methylation around the TSS was absent in both RCC cell lines and NKE cells. Of note, both the transcription factor Sp1 and corepressor HDAC1 associated with the +38/+187 region when the GM2-synthase gene was repressed in NKE and tumor-adjacent tissues, indicating plausible site-specific repressive roles of HDAC1 and Sp1 in GM2-synthase mRNA expression. Site-directed mutagenesis of the Sp1-binding site within the +38/+187 region relieved repressed luciferase activity of this region by limiting HDAC1 recruitment. Moreover, Sp1 or HDAC1 knock down increased GM2-synthase transcription, and butyrate-mediated activation of GM2-synthase mRNA expression in SK-RC-45 cells was accompanied by Sp1 and HDAC1 loss from the +38/+187 region. Taken together, we have identified an epigenetic mechanism for the de-repression of the GM2-synthase gene in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Banerjee
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 054 India and
| | - Barun Mahata
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 054 India and
| | - Arjun Dhir
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 054 India and
| | - Tapan Kumar Mandal
- Department of Urology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 014 India
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 054 India and
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Buerki RA, Chheda ZS, Okada H. Immunotherapy of Primary Brain Tumors: Facts and Hopes. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5198-5205. [PMID: 29871908 PMCID: PMC6214775 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The field of cancer immunotherapy has made exciting progress for some cancer types in recent years. However, recent failures of late-phase clinical trials evaluating checkpoint blockade in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) represent continued challenges for brain cancer immunotherapy. This is likely due to multiple factors including but not limited to marked genetic and antigenic heterogeneity, relatively low mutational loads, and paucity of GBM-infiltrating T cells. We review recent and ongoing studies targeting the checkpoint molecules as monotherapy or in combination with other modalities, and discuss the mechanisms underlying the unresponsiveness of GBM to single-modality immunotherapy approaches. We also discuss other novel immunotherapy approaches that may promote T-cell responses and overcome the "cold tumor" status of GBM, including oncolytic viruses and adoptive T-cell therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5198-205. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Buerki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zinal S Chheda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
- Cancer Immunotherapy Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Mikhailova V, Gulaia V, Tiasto V, Rybtsov S, Yatsunskaya M, Kagansky A. Towards an advanced cell-based in vitro glioma model system. AIMS GENETICS 2018; 5:91-112. [PMID: 31435515 PMCID: PMC6698577 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2018.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of tumor growth and development in vitro has always been one of the key factors in the research of the malignant transformation, including gliomas, prevalent and most deadly cancers of the brain. Indeed, cellular and molecular biology research employing in vitro model cell-based systems have great potential to advance both the mechanistic understanding and the treatment of human glial tumors, as it facilitates not only the understanding of glioma biology and its regulatory mechanisms Additionally they promise to afford the screening of the putative anti-tumor agents and alternative treatment approaches in a personalized manner, i.e. by virtue of using the patient-derived tumor material for such tests. However, in order to become reliable and representative, glioma model systems need to move towards including most inherent cancer features such as local hypoxia, specific genetic aberrations, native tumor microenvironment, and the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. This review starts with a brief introduction on the general epidemiological and molecular characteristics of gliomas followed by an overview of the cell-based in vitro models currently used in glioma research. As a conclusion, we suggest approaches to move to innovative cell-based in vitro glioma models. We consider that main criteria for selecting these approaches should include the adequate resemblance to the key in vivo characteristics, robustness, cost-effectiveness and ease to use, as well as the amenability to high throughput handling to allow the standardized drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia Mikhailova
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriia Gulaia
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Vladlena Tiasto
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine of the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Margarita Yatsunskaya
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS 159, Stoletij Vladivostoku Avenue, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Menter T, Tzankov A. Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Immune Modulation by Lymphoma Cells. Front Oncol 2018; 8:54. [PMID: 29564225 PMCID: PMC5845888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Targeting cancer cells by modulating the immune system has become an important new therapeutic option in many different malignancies. Inhibition of CTLA4/B7 and PD1/PDL1 signaling is now also being investigated and already successfully applied to various hematologic malignancies. Methods A literature review of PubMed and results of our own studies were compiled in order to give a comprehensive overview on this topic. Results We elucidate the pathophysiological role of immunosuppressive networks in lymphomas, ranging from changes in the cellular microenvironment composition to distinct signaling pathways such as PD1/PDL1 or CTLA4/B7/CD28. The prototypical example of a lymphoma manipulating and thereby silencing the immune system is Hodgkin lymphoma. Also other lymphomas, e.g., primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and some Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-driven malignancies, use analogous survival strategies, while diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the activated B-cell type, follicular lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma to name a few, exert further immune escape strategies each. These insights have already led to new treatment opportunities and results of the most important clinical trials based on this concept are briefly summarized. Immune checkpoint inhibition might also have severe side effects; the mechanisms of the rather un(der)recognized hematological side effects of this treatment approach are discussed. Conclusion Silencing the host’s immune system is an important feature of various lymphomas. Achieving a better understanding of distinct pathways of interactions between lymphomas and different immunological microenvironment compounds yields substantial potential for new treatment concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Menter
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have led to remarkable successes in the treatment of B-cell malignancies with anti-CD19 CAR. Here we discuss the development of novel antigen receptors for use in solid malignancies with respect to target antigens, receptor design, and T cell manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chen
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - James Yang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
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Chistiakov DA, Chekhonin IV, Chekhonin VP. The EGFR variant III mutant as a target for immunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Pratt D, Pittaluga S, Palisoc M, Fetsch P, Xi L, Raffeld M, Gilbert MR, Quezado M. Expression of CD70 (CD27L) Is Associated With Epithelioid and Sarcomatous Features in IDH-Wild-Type Glioblastoma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:697-708. [PMID: 28789475 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive, often recalcitrant disease. In the majority of cases, prognosis is dismal and current therapies only moderately prolong survival. Immunotherapy is increasingly being recognized as an effective treatment modality. CD70 is a transmembrane protein that shows restricted expression in tissue but has been described in various malignancies. Therapeutic targeting of CD70 has demonstrated antitumor efficacy and is in clinical trials. Here, we sought to characterize CD70 expression in a large cohort of gliomas (n = 205) using tissue microarrays. We identified a subset of tumors (n = 18, 8.8% of high-grade gliomas) exhibiting moderate-to-strong immunoreactivity that enriched for the IDH-wild-type glioblastoma variants gliosarcoma (n = 10) and the newly described epithelioid glioblastoma (n = 4). CD70 expression was associated with prolonged survival in gliosarcoma. Analysis of TCGA datasets showed significantly increased CD70 expression in mesenchymal tumors and prolonged survival in recurrent non-G-CIMP high-expressing tumors. In CD70+ gliomas, there was a significant increase in CD68/CD163/HLA-DR+ tumor-associated macrophages, but not CD27+ TIL. These results confirm prior in vitro studies and demonstrate expression in a clinical cohort. The absence of CD70 expression in the post-treatment setting may portend more clinically aggressive disease in gliosarcoma. However, larger-scale studies will be needed to characterize and validate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Pratt
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (DP,SP,MP,PF,LX,MR,MQ); and Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (MRG)
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (DP,SP,MP,PF,LX,MR,MQ); and Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (MRG)
| | - Maryknoll Palisoc
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (DP,SP,MP,PF,LX,MR,MQ); and Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (MRG)
| | - Patricia Fetsch
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (DP,SP,MP,PF,LX,MR,MQ); and Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (MRG)
| | - Liqiang Xi
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (DP,SP,MP,PF,LX,MR,MQ); and Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (MRG)
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (DP,SP,MP,PF,LX,MR,MQ); and Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (MRG)
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (DP,SP,MP,PF,LX,MR,MQ); and Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (MRG)
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (DP,SP,MP,PF,LX,MR,MQ); and Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (MRG)
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46
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CD70 reverse signaling enhances NK cell function and immunosurveillance in CD27-expressing B-cell malignancies. Blood 2017; 130:297-309. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-756585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
CD27 expression on malignant B cells triggers CD70 reverse signaling in NK cells and improves lymphoma immunosurveillance. CD70 reverse signaling in NK cells is mediated via the AKT signaling pathway and enhances survival and effector function.
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47
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Chimeric antigen receptors for treatment of glioblastoma: a practical review of challenges and ways to overcome them. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 24:121-129. [PMID: 27767090 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is by far the most common and the most aggressive of all the primary brain malignancies. No curative therapy exists, and median life expectancy hovers at around 1 year after diagnosis, with a minute fraction surviving beyond 5 years. The difficulty in treating GBM lies in the cancer's protected niche within the blood-brain barrier and the heterogeneity of the cancer cells, which possess varying degrees of susceptibility to various common modalities of treatment. Over time, it is the tumor heterogeneity of GBM and the ability of the cancer stem cells to evolve in response treatment that renders the cancer refractory to conventional treatment. Therefore, research has increasingly focused on treatment that incorporates knowledge of GBM molecular biology to therapeutic strategies. One type of therapy that shows great promise is the area of T-cell immunotherapy to target GBM-specific tumor antigens. One attractive strategy is to use T cells that have undergone genetic modification to express a chimeric antigen receptor capable of interacting with tumor antigens. In this article, we will review chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, their advantages, drawbacks, challenges facing their use and how those challenges may be overcome.
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48
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Nduom EK, Weller M, Heimberger AB. Immunosuppressive mechanisms in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2016; 17 Suppl 7:vii9-vii14. [PMID: 26516226 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite maximal surgical and medical therapy, the treatment of glioblastoma remains a seriously vexing problem, with median survival well under 2 years and few long-term survivors. Targeted therapy has yet to produce significant advances in treatment of these lesions in spite of advanced molecular characterization of glioblastoma and glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising mode for some of the hardest to treat tumors, including metastatic melanoma. Although immunotherapy has been evaluated in glioblastoma in the past with limited success, better understanding of the failures of these therapies could lead to more successful treatments in the future. Furthermore, there is a persistent challenge for the use of immune therapy to treat glioblastoma secondary to the existence of redundant mechanisms of tumor-mediated immune suppression. Here we will address these mechanisms of immunosuppression in glioblastoma and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edjah K Nduom
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.K.N., A.B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.)
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.K.N., A.B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.)
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (E.K.N., A.B.H.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.W.)
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Kundu M, Mahata B, Banerjee A, Chakraborty S, Debnath S, Ray SS, Ghosh Z, Biswas K. Ganglioside GM2 mediates migration of tumor cells by interacting with integrin and modulating the downstream signaling pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1472-89. [PMID: 27066976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The definitive role of ganglioside GM2 in mediating tumor-induced growth and progression is still unknown. Here we report a novel role of ganglioside GM2 in mediating tumor cell migration and uncovered its mechanism. Data shows differential expression levels of GM2-synthase as well as GM2 in different human cancer cells. siRNA mediated knockdown of GM2-synthase in CCF52, A549 and SK-RC-26B cells resulted in significant inhibition of tumor cell migration as well as invasion in vitro without affecting cellular proliferation. Over-expression of GM2-synthase in low-GM2 expressing SK-RC-45 cells resulted in a consequent increase in migration thus confirming the potential role GM2 and its downstream partners play in tumor cell migration and motility. Further, treatment of SK-RC-45 cells with exogenous GM2 resulted in a dramatic increase in migratory and invasive capacity with no change in proliferative capacity, thereby confirming the role of GM2 in tumorigenesis specifically by mediating tumor migration and invasion. Gene expression profiling of GM2-synthase silenced cells revealed altered expression of several genes involved in cell migration primarily those controlling the integrin mediated signaling. GM2-synthase knockdown resulted in decreased phosphorylation of FAK, Src as well as Erk, while over-expression and/or exogenous GM2 treatment caused increased FAK and Erk phosphorylation respectively. Again, GM2 mediated invasion and Erk phosphorylation is blocked in integrin knockdown SK-RC-45 cells, thus confirming that GM2 mediated migration and phosphorylation of Erk is integrin dependent. Finally, confocal microscopy suggested co-localization while co-immunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed direct interaction of membrane bound ganglioside, GM2 with the integrin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Kundu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Barun Mahata
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Avisek Banerjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Sohini Chakraborty
- The Bioinformatics Center, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Shibjyoti Debnath
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | | | - Zhumur Ghosh
- The Bioinformatics Center, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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