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Schwab M, Dezfouli AB, Khosravi M, Alkotub B, Bauer L, Birgani MJT, Multhoff G. The radiation- and chemo-sensitizing capacity of diclofenac can be predicted by a decreased lactate metabolism and stress response. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:7. [PMID: 38229111 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-024-02399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An enhanced aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") associated with an increase in lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor aggressiveness and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. We investigated the radiation- and chemo-sensitizing effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac in different cancer cell types. METHODS The effects of a non-lethal concentration of diclofenac was investigated on c-MYC and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) protein expression/activity and the Heat shock Protein (HSP)/stress response in human colorectal (LS174T, LoVo), lung (A549), breast (MDA-MB-231) and pancreatic (COLO357) carcinoma cells. Radiation- and chemo-sensitization of diclofenac was determined using clonogenic cell survival assays and a murine xenograft tumor model. RESULTS A non-lethal concentration of diclofenac decreases c-MYC protein expression and LDH activity, reduces cytosolic Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1), Hsp70 and Hsp27 levels and membrane Hsp70 positivity in LS174T and LoVo colorectal cancer cells, but not in A549 lung carcinoma cells, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and COLO357 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. The impaired lactate metabolism and stress response in diclofenac-sensitive colorectal cancer cells was associated with a significantly increased sensitivity to radiation and 5Fluorouracil in vitro, and in a human colorectal cancer xenograft mouse model diclofenac causes radiosensitization. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a decrease in the LDH activity and/or stress response upon diclofenac treatment predicts its radiation/chemo-sensitizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schwab
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bayan Alkotub
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Bauer
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
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Lai H, Liu Y, Wu J, Cai J, Jie H, Xu Y, Deng S. Targeting cancer-related inflammation with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Perspectives in pharmacogenomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1078766. [PMID: 36545311 PMCID: PMC9760816 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1078766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are essential for innate immunity and contribute to carcinogenesis in various malignancies, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and lung cancer. Pharmacotherapies targeting inflammation have the potential to reduce the risk of carcinogenesis and improve therapeutic efficacy of existing anti-cancer treatment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), comprising a variety of structurally different chemicals that can inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and other COX-independent pathways, are originally used to treat inflammatory diseases, but their preventive and therapeutic potential for cancers have also attracted researchers' attention. Pharmacogenomic variability, including distinct genetic characteristics among different patients, can significantly affect pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of NSAIDs, which might determine the preventive or therapeutic success for cancer patients. Hence, a more comprehensive understanding in pharmacogenomic characteristics of NSAIDs and cancer-related inflammation would provide new insights into this appealing strategy. In this review, the up-to-date advances in clinical and experimental researches targeting cancer-related inflammation with NSAIDs are presented, and the potential of pharmacogenomics are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Lai
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Cai
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Jie
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyang Xu
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yuyang Xu, ; Senyi Deng,
| | - Senyi Deng
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yuyang Xu, ; Senyi Deng,
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Sarwar A, Zhu M, Su Q, Zhu Z, Yang T, Chen Y, Peng X, Zhang Y. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions in pancreatic cancer evokes new therapeutic opportunities. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Unraveling Mitochondrial Determinants of Tumor Response to Radiation Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911343. [PMID: 36232638 PMCID: PMC9569617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents a highly targeted and efficient treatment choice in many cancer types, both with curative and palliative intents. Nevertheless, radioresistance, consisting in the adaptive response of the tumor to radiation-induced damage, represents a major clinical problem. A growing body of the literature suggests that mechanisms related to mitochondrial changes and metabolic remodeling might play a major role in radioresistance development. In this work, the main contributors to the acquired cellular radioresistance and their relation with mitochondrial changes in terms of reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, and epigenetic alterations have been discussed. We focused on recent findings pointing to a major role of mitochondria in response to radiotherapy, along with their implication in the mechanisms underlying radioresistance and radiosensitivity, and briefly summarized some of the recently proposed mitochondria-targeting strategies to overcome the radioresistant phenotype in cancer.
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5
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Afereydoon S, Haghiralsadat F, Hamzian N, Shams A, Hemati M, Naghib SM, Shabani M, Zandieh-doulabi B, Tofighi D. Multifunctional PEGylated Niosomal Nanoparticle-Loaded Herbal Drugs as a Novel Nano-Radiosensitizer and Stimuli-Sensitive Nanocarrier for Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:917368. [PMID: 36046674 PMCID: PMC9421251 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.917368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, radiotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for breast cancer. In order to overcome the radioresistance of cancer cells, radio-sensitizing agents can be used combined with irradiation to increase the therapeutic efficiency. Curcumin can enhance the radiosensitivity of cancer cells and decrease their viability by the accumulation of these cells in the G2 phase. The encapsulation of curcumin in a nanoniosomal delivery system increases aqueous solubility and bioavailability, resulting in increased radio sensitivity. The present study aimed to enhance the radio-sensitizing effect of the curcumin-containing nanoniosome (Cur-Nio) when combined with irradiation. Thus, curcumin (0.5 mg ml−1) was loaded on a PEGylated nanoniosome containing Tween 60, cholesterol, DOTAP, and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE-PEG) (at ratios of 70:30:10:5, respectively) by the thin-film hydration method. The particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug-release rate of formulated nanoniosomes were determined. In order to assess cytotoxicity and apoptosis, different doses of irradiation along with various concentrations of free curcumin and Cur-Nio (single or in combination with irradiation) were treated with breast cancer cells. The particle size and zeta potential of Cur-Nio were reported to be 117.5 nm and −15.1 mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiency (EE%) and loading capacities were 72.3% and 6.68%, respectively. The drug-release rate during 6 h was 65.9%. Cell survival in the presence of curcumin at doses of 1 and 3 Gy showed a significant reduction compared with cells irradiated at 48 h and 72 h (p < 0.000). Also, the rate of cytotoxicity and apoptosis was significantly higher in cells treated with the combination of curcumin-containing nanoniosomes and irradiation in comparison with those treated with free curcumin. These findings indicate that the efficacy of pre-treatment with Cur-Nio as a radiosensitizer during radiotherapy enhances irradiation-induced breast cancer cell apoptosis and is a useful strategy to increase the effectiveness of breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Afereydoon
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Haghiralsadat
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nima Hamzian
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- *Correspondence: Seyed Morteza Naghib, ; Nima Hamzian, ; Ali Shams,
| | - Ali Shams
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- *Correspondence: Seyed Morteza Naghib, ; Nima Hamzian, ; Ali Shams,
| | - Mahdie Hemati
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Seyed Morteza Naghib, ; Nima Hamzian, ; Ali Shams,
| | - Masoud Shabani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Behrouz Zandieh-doulabi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Davood Tofighi
- Epidemiology and Research Design Support (BERD), Clinical and Translational Science Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Jin P, Jiang J, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Huang C, Fu L. Mitochondrial adaptation in cancer drug resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 35851420 PMCID: PMC9290242 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile environment are largely unknown. As the central organelle for cellular energy supply, mitochondria can rapidly undergo dynamic changes and integrate cellular signaling pathways to provide bioenergetic and biosynthetic flexibility for cancer cells, which contributes to multiple aspects of tumor characteristics, including drug resistance. Therefore, targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy and overcoming drug resistance has attracted increasing attention for various types of cancer. Multiple mitochondrial adaptation processes, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial apoptotic regulatory machinery, have been demonstrated to be potential targets. However, recent increasing insights into mitochondria have revealed the complexity of mitochondrial structure and functions, the elusive functions of mitochondria in tumor biology, and the targeting inaccessibility of mitochondria, which have posed challenges for the clinical application of mitochondrial-based cancer therapeutic strategies. Therefore, discovery of both novel mitochondria-targeting agents and innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches is urgently required. Here, we review the most recent literature to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial stress adaptation and their intricate connection with cancer drug resistance. In addition, an overview of the emerging strategies to target mitochondria for effectively overcoming chemoresistance is highlighted, with an emphasis on drug repositioning and mitochondrial drug delivery approaches, which may accelerate the application of mitochondria-targeting compounds for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Gallez B. The Role of Imaging Biomarkers to Guide Pharmacological Interventions Targeting Tumor Hypoxia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853568. [PMID: 35910347 PMCID: PMC9335493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors that contributes to angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, altered metabolism and genomic instability. As hypoxia is a major actor in tumor progression and resistance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, multiple approaches have emerged to target tumor hypoxia. It includes among others pharmacological interventions designed to alleviate tumor hypoxia at the time of radiation therapy, prodrugs that are selectively activated in hypoxic cells or inhibitors of molecular targets involved in hypoxic cell survival (i.e., hypoxia inducible factors HIFs, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, unfolded protein response). While numerous strategies were successful in pre-clinical models, their translation in the clinical practice has been disappointing so far. This therapeutic failure often results from the absence of appropriate stratification of patients that could benefit from targeted interventions. Companion diagnostics may help at different levels of the research and development, and in matching a patient to a specific intervention targeting hypoxia. In this review, we discuss the relative merits of the existing hypoxia biomarkers, their current status and the challenges for their future validation as companion diagnostics adapted to the nature of the intervention.
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8
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Hou ZL, Han FY, Lou LL, Zhao WY, Huang XX, Yao GD, Song SJ. The nature compound dehydrocrenatidine exerts potent antihepatocellular carcinoma by destroying mitochondrial complexes in vitro and in vivo. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1353-1371. [PMID: 35112410 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence indicates that mitochondria dysfunction plays an important role in tumour treatment. Given the limited efficacy and toxicity of current mitochondria-targeted drugs, research into effective mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents remains an irresistible general trend. In this study, it was found that dehydrocrenatidine (DEC), a β-carbolin alkaloid isolated from Picrasma quassiodes, displays a promising growth inhibitory effect in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Mechanistically, we provided that the possible target of DEC against HCC cells was determined by isobaric labels for relative and absolute quantification assay and validated them using further experiments. The results suggested that DEC can target and regulate the function of mitochondrial complexes I, III and IV, affecting oxidative phosphorylation and ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction to exert its anti-HCC effects. In addition, the combination of DEC and sorafenib showed a synergistic effect and was also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Importantly, DEC did not show significant toxicity in mice. This study provided a new insight into underlying mechanisms in DEC-treated HCC cells, suggesting that DEC might be a mitochondrial targeting lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng-Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Li Lou
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Krysztofiak A, Szymonowicz K, Hlouschek J, Xiang K, Waterkamp C, Larafa S, Goetting I, Vega-Rubin-de-Celis S, Theiss C, Matschke V, Hoffmann D, Jendrossek V, Matschke J. Metabolism of cancer cells commonly responds to irradiation by a transient early mitochondrial shutdown. iScience 2021; 24:103366. [PMID: 34825138 PMCID: PMC8603201 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer bioenergetics fuel processes necessary to maintain viability and growth under stress conditions. We hypothesized that cancer metabolism supports the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). We combined the systematic collection of metabolic and radiobiological data from a panel of irradiated cancer cell lines with mathematical modeling and identified a common metabolic response with impact on the DSB repair kinetics, including a mitochondrial shutdown followed by compensatory glycolysis and resumption of mitochondrial function. Combining ionizing radiation (IR) with inhibitors of the compensatory glycolysis or mitochondrial respiratory chain slowed mitochondrial recovery and DNA repair kinetics, offering an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Mathematical modeling allowed us to generate new hypotheses on general and individual mechanisms of the radiation response with relevance to DNA repair and on metabolic vulnerabilities induced by cancer radiotherapy. These discoveries will guide future mechanistic studies for the discovery of metabolic targets for overcoming intrinsic or therapy-induced radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Krysztofiak
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Julian Hlouschek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kexu Xiang
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Waterkamp
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Safa Larafa
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Isabell Goetting
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vega-Rubin-de-Celis
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Fialova JL, Raudenska M, Jakubek M, Kejik Z, Martasek P, Babula P, Matkowski A, Filipensky P, Masarik M. Novel Mitochondria-targeted Drugs for Cancer Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:816-832. [PMID: 33213355 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201118153242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for mitochondria-targeted drugs has dramatically risen over the last decade. Mitochondria are essential organelles serving not only as a powerhouse of the cell but also as a key player in cell proliferation and cell death. Their central role in the energetic metabolism, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis makes them an intriguing field of interest for cancer pharmacology. In cancer cells, many mitochondrial signaling and metabolic pathways are altered. These changes contribute to cancer development and progression. Due to changes in mitochondrial metabolism and changes in membrane potential, cancer cells are more susceptible to mitochondria-targeted therapy. The loss of functional mitochondria leads to the arrest of cancer progression and/or a cancer cell death. Identification of mitochondrial changes specific for tumor growth and progression, rational development of new mitochondria-targeted drugs and research on delivery agents led to the advance of this promising area. This review will highlight the current findings in mitochondrial biology, which are important for cancer initiation, progression and resistance, and discuss approaches of cancer pharmacology with a special focus on the anti-cancer drugs referred to as 'mitocans'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindriska Leischner Fialova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, CZ-121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kejik
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, CZ-121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martasek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, CZ-121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50556 Borowska 211, Poland
| | - Petr Filipensky
- Department of Urology, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Telarovic I, Wenger RH, Pruschy M. Interfering with Tumor Hypoxia for Radiotherapy Optimization. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:197. [PMID: 34154610 PMCID: PMC8215813 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia in solid tumors is an important predictor of treatment resistance and poor clinical outcome. The significance of hypoxia in the development of resistance to radiotherapy has been recognized for decades and the search for hypoxia-targeting, radiosensitizing agents continues. This review summarizes the main hypoxia-related processes relevant for radiotherapy on the subcellular, cellular and tissue level and discusses the significance of hypoxia in radiation oncology, especially with regard to the current shift towards hypofractionated treatment regimens. Furthermore, we discuss the strategies to interfere with hypoxia for radiotherapy optimization, and we highlight novel insights into the molecular pathways involved in hypoxia that might be utilized to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Telarovic
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Krisnawan VE, Stanley JA, Schwarz JK, DeNardo DG. Tumor Microenvironment as a Regulator of Radiation Therapy: New Insights into Stromal-Mediated Radioresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102916. [PMID: 33050580 PMCID: PMC7600316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is multifaceted and consists of more than just a collection of mutated cells. These cancerous cells reside along with other non-mutated cells in an extracellular matrix which together make up the tumor microenvironment or tumor stroma. The composition of the tumor microenvironment plays an integral role in cancer initiation, progression, and response to treatments. In this review, we discuss how the tumor microenvironment regulates the response and resistance to radiation therapy and what targeted agents have been used to combat stromal-mediated radiation resistance. Abstract A tumor is a complex “organ” composed of malignant cancer cells harboring genetic aberrations surrounded by a stroma comprised of non-malignant cells and an extracellular matrix. Considerable evidence has demonstrated that components of the genetically “normal” tumor stroma contribute to tumor progression and resistance to a wide array of treatment modalities, including radiotherapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts can promote radioresistance through their secreted factors, contact-mediated signaling, downstream pro-survival signaling pathways, immunomodulatory effects, and cancer stem cell-generating role. The extracellular matrix can govern radiation responsiveness by influencing oxygen availability and controlling the stability and bioavailability of growth factors and cytokines. Immune status regarding the presence of pro- and anti-tumor immune cells can regulate how tumors respond to radiation therapy. Furthermore, stromal cells including endothelial cells and adipocytes can modulate radiosensitivity through their roles in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, and their secreted adipokines, respectively. Thus, to successfully eradicate cancers, it is important to consider how tumor stroma components interact with and regulate the response to radiation. Detailed knowledge of these interactions will help build a preclinical rationale to support the use of stromal-targeting agents in combination with radiotherapy to increase radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varintra E. Krisnawan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Stanley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.A.S.); (J.K.S.)
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julie K. Schwarz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.A.S.); (J.K.S.)
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David G. DeNardo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
The rediscovery and reinterpretation of the Warburg effect in the year 2000 occulted for almost a decade the key functions exerted by mitochondria in cancer cells. Until recent times, the scientific community indeed focused on constitutive glycolysis as a hallmark of cancer cells, which it is not, largely ignoring the contribution of mitochondria to the malignancy of oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells, being Warburgian or merely adapted to hypoxia. In this review, we highlight that mitochondria are not only powerhouses in some cancer cells, but also dynamic regulators of life, death, proliferation, motion and stemness in other types of cancer cells. Similar to the cells that host them, mitochondria are capable to adapt to tumoral conditions, and probably to evolve to ‘oncogenic mitochondria' capable of transferring malignant capacities to recipient cells. In the wider quest of metabolic modulators of cancer, treatments have already been identified targeting mitochondria in cancer cells, but the field is still in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Grasso
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca X Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tânia Capelôa
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justine A Van de Velde
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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Sun NN, Ge XL, Liu XS, Xu LL. Histogram analysis of DCE-MRI for chemoradiotherapy response evaluation in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Radiol Med 2019; 125:165-176. [PMID: 31605354 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-019-01081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to predict and assess treatment response by histogram analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving chemoradiotherapy (CRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent DCE-MRI before and after chemoradiotherapy were enrolled and divided into the complete response (CR) group and the non-CR group based on RECIST. The histogram parameters (10th percentile, 90th percentile, median, mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) of pre-CRT and post-CRT were compared using a paired Student's t test in the CR and non-CR groups, respectively. The histogram parameter differences between the CR and the non-CR groups were compared using an unpaired Student's t test. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance. RESULTS The histogram parameters of Ktrans values were observed to have significantly decreased after chemoradiotherapy in the CR group. The CR responders showed significantly higher median, mean, and 10th and 90th percentile of pre-Ktrans values than those of the non-CR group. The histogram analysis indicated the decreased heterogeneity in the CR group after CRT. Esophageal cancer with higher pre-Ktrans and lower post-Ktrans values indicated a good treatment response to CRT. Pre-Ktrans-10th showed the best diagnostic performance in predicting the chemoradiotherapy response. CONCLUSIONS The histogram parameters of Ktrans are useful in the assessment and prediction of the chemoradiotherapy response in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. DCE-MRI could serve as an adjunctive imaging technique for treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Ge
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210000, China
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15
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Wang H, Jiang H, Van De Gucht M, De Ridder M. Hypoxic Radioresistance: Can ROS Be the Key to Overcome It? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010112. [PMID: 30669417 PMCID: PMC6357097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a mainstay treatment for many types of cancer and kills cancer cells via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Incorporating radiation with pharmacological ROS inducers, therefore, has been widely investigated as an approach to enhance aerobic radiosensitization. However, this strategy was overlooked in hypoxic counterpart, one of the most important causes of radiotherapy failure, due to the notion that hypoxic cells are immune to ROS insults because of the shortage of ROS substrate oxygen. Paradoxically, evidence reveals that ROS are produced more in hypoxic than normoxic cells and serve as signaling molecules that render cells adaptive to hypoxia. As a result, hypoxic tumor cells heavily rely on antioxidant systems to sustain the ROS homeostasis. Thereby, they become sensitive to insults that impair the ROS detoxification network, which has been verified in diverse models with or without radiation. Of note, hypoxic radioresistance has been overviewed in different contexts. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to systemically summarize the interplay among radiation, hypoxia, and ROS, and to discuss whether perturbation of ROS homeostasis could provide a new avenue to tackle hypoxic radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Melissa Van De Gucht
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Syed AK, Woodall R, Whisenant JG, Yankeelov TE, Sorace AG. Characterizing Trastuzumab-Induced Alterations in Intratumoral Heterogeneity with Quantitative Imaging and Immunohistochemistry in HER2+ Breast Cancer. Neoplasia 2019; 21:17-29. [PMID: 30472501 PMCID: PMC6260456 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate imaging and histology-based measurements of intratumoral heterogeneity to evaluate early treatment response to targeted therapy in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. BT474 tumor-bearing mice (N = 30) were treated with trastuzumab or saline and imaged longitudinally with either dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) positron emission tomography (PET). At the imaging study end point (day 4 for MRI or 7 for PET), each tumor was excised for immunohistochemistry analysis. Voxel-based histogram analysis was performed on imaging-derived parametric maps (i.e., Ktrans and ve from DCE-MRI, SUV from 18F-FMISO-PET) of the tumor region of interest to measure heterogeneity. Image processing and histogram analysis of whole tumor slice immunohistochemistry data were performed to validate the in vivo imaging findings. Trastuzumab-treated tumors had increased heterogeneity in quantitative imaging measures of cellularity (ve), with a mean Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) distance of 0.32 (P = .05) between baseline and end point distributions. Trastuzumab-treated tumors had increased vascular heterogeneity (Ktrans) and decreased hypoxic heterogeneity (SUV), with a mean K-S distance of 0.42 (P < .01) and 0.46 (P = .047), respectively, between baseline and study end points. These observations were validated by whole-slice immunohistochemistry analysis with mean interquartile range of CD31 distributions of 1.72 for treated and 0.95 for control groups (P = .02). Quantitative longitudinal changes in tumor cellular and vascular heterogeneity in response to therapy may provide evidence for early prediction of response and guide therapy for patients with HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum K Syed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Ryan Woodall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jennifer G Whisenant
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Department of Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.
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17
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Desmet CM, Tran LBA, Danhier P, Gallez B. Characterization of a clinically used charcoal suspension for in vivo EPR oximetry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 32:205-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Ashton TM, McKenna WG, Kunz-Schughart LA, Higgins GS. Oxidative Phosphorylation as an Emerging Target in Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2482-2490. [PMID: 29420223 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have upregulated glycolysis compared with normal cells, which has led many to the assumption that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is downregulated in all cancers. However, recent studies have shown that OXPHOS can be also upregulated in certain cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, high OXPHOS subtype melanoma, and endometrial carcinoma, and that this can occur even in the face of active glycolysis. OXPHOS inhibitors could therefore be used to target cancer subtypes in which OXPHOS is upregulated and to alleviate therapeutically adverse tumor hypoxia. Several drugs including metformin, atovaquone, and arsenic trioxide are used clinically for non-oncologic indications, but emerging data demonstrate their potential use as OXPHOS inhibitors. We highlight novel applications of OXPHOS inhibitors with a suitable therapeutic index to target cancer cell metabolism. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2482-90. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Ashton
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - W Gillies McKenna
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Germany
| | - Geoff S Higgins
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratories, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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19
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Neveu MA, Joudiou N, De Preter G, Dehoux JP, Jordan BF, Gallez B. 17 O MRS assesses the effect of mild hypothermia on oxygen consumption rate in tumors. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3726. [PMID: 28430379 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although oxygen consumption is a key factor in metabolic phenotyping, its assessment in tumors remains critical, as current technologies generally display poor specificity. The objectives of this study were to explore the feasibility of direct 17 O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to assess oxygen metabolism in tumors and its modulations. To investigate the impact of hypometabolism induction in the murine fibrosarcoma FSAII tumor model, we monitored the oxygen consumption of normothermic (37°C) and hypothermic (32°C) tumor-bearing mice. Hypothermic animals showed an increase in tumor pO2 (measured by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry) contrary to normothermic animals. This was related to a decrease in oxygen consumption rate (assessed using 17 O magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) after the inhalation of 17 O2 -enriched gas). This study highlights the ability of direct 17 O MRS to measure oxygen metabolism in tumors and modulations of tumor oxygen consumption rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aline Neveu
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Géraldine De Preter
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Dehoux
- Experimental Surgery Unit, Medical School, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
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20
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Chen X, Xie T, Fang J, Xue W, Tong H, Kang H, Wang S, Yang Y, Xu M, Zhang W. Quantitative in vivo imaging of tissue factor expression in glioma using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI derived parameters. Eur J Radiol 2017; 93:236-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Gallez B, Neveu MA, Danhier P, Jordan BF. Manipulation of tumor oxygenation and radiosensitivity through modification of cell respiration. A critical review of approaches and imaging biomarkers for therapeutic guidance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:700-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Kalyanaraman B, Cheng G, Hardy M, Ouari O, Sikora A, Zielonka J, Dwinell M. Mitochondria-targeted metformins: anti-tumour and redox signalling mechanisms. Interface Focus 2017; 7:20160109. [PMID: 28382202 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports suggest that metformin exerts anti-cancer effects in diabetic individuals with pancreatic cancer. Thus, metformin is currently being repurposed as a potential drug in cancer treatment. Studies indicate that potent metformin analogues are required in cancer treatment because of the low bioavailability of metformin in humans at conventional antidiabetic doses. We proposed that improved mitochondrial targeting of metformin by attaching a positively charged lipophilic triphenylphosphonium group will result in a new class of mitochondria-targeted metformin analogues with significantly enhanced anti-tumour potential. Using this approach, we synthesized various mitochondria-targeted metformin analogues with different alkyl chain lengths. Results indicate that the antiproliferative effects increased with increasing alkyl chain lengths (100-fold to 1000-fold). The lead compound, mito-metformin10, potently inhibited mitochondrial respiration through inhibition of complex I, stimulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide formation and activation of AMPK. When used in combination with ionizing radiation, mito-metformin10 acted as a radiosensitizer of pancreatic cancer cells. Because of the 1000-fold-higher potency of mitochondria-targeted metformin10, therapeutically effective plasma concentrations likely can be achieved in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273 , 13013 Marseille , France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273 , 13013 Marseille , France
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry , Lodz University of Technology , Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz , Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | - Michael Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Cancer Center , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI , USA
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Colliez F, Gallez B, Jordan BF. Assessing Tumor Oxygenation for Predicting Outcome in Radiation Oncology: A Review of Studies Correlating Tumor Hypoxic Status and Outcome in the Preclinical and Clinical Settings. Front Oncol 2017; 7:10. [PMID: 28180110 PMCID: PMC5263142 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is recognized as a limiting factor for the efficacy of radiotherapy, because it enhances tumor radioresistance. It is strongly suggested that assessing tumor oxygenation could help to predict the outcome of cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Strategies have also been developed to alleviate tumor hypoxia in order to radiosensitize tumors. In addition, oxygen mapping is critically needed for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), in which the most hypoxic regions require higher radiation doses and the most oxygenated regions require lower radiation doses. However, the assessment of tumor oxygenation is not yet included in day-to-day clinical practice. This is due to the lack of a method for the quantitative and non-invasive mapping of tumor oxygenation. To fully integrate tumor hypoxia parameters into effective improvements of the individually tailored radiation therapy protocols in cancer patients, methods allowing non-invasively repeated, safe, and robust mapping of changes in tissue oxygenation are required. In this review, non-invasive methods dedicated to assessing tumor oxygenation with the ultimate goal of predicting outcome in radiation oncology are presented, including positron emission tomography used with nitroimidazole tracers, magnetic resonance methods using endogenous contrasts (R1 and R2*-based methods), and electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry; the goal is to highlight results of studies establishing correlations between tumor hypoxic status and patients’ outcome in the preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Colliez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
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Gallez B. Contribution of Harold M. Swartz to In Vivo EPR and EPR Dosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:16-37. [PMID: 27421469 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, we are celebrating half a century of research in the application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) as a biodosimetry tool to evaluate the dose received by irradiated people. During the EPR Biodose 2015 meeting, a special session was organized to acknowledge the pioneering contribution of Harold M. (Hal) Swartz in the field. The article summarizes his main contribution in physiology and medicine. Four emerging themes have been pursued continuously along his career since its beginning: (1) radiation biology; (2) oxygen and oxidation; (3) measuring physiology in vivo; and (4) application of these measurements in clinical medicine. The common feature among all these different subjects has been the use of magnetic resonance techniques, especially EPR. In this article, you will find an impressionist portrait of Hal Swartz with the description of the 'making of' this pioneer, a time-line perspective on his career with the creation of three National Institutes of Health-funded EPR centers, a topic-oriented perspective on his career with a description of his major contributions to Science, his role as a mentor and his influence on his academic children, his active role as founder of scientific societies and organizer of scientific meetings, and the well-deserved international recognition received so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Gallez
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Avenue Mounier 73.08, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Cheng G, Zielonka J, Ouari O, Lopez M, McAllister D, Boyle K, Barrios CS, Weber JJ, Johnson BD, Hardy M, Dwinell MB, Kalyanaraman B. Mitochondria-Targeted Analogues of Metformin Exhibit Enhanced Antiproliferative and Radiosensitizing Effects in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3904-15. [PMID: 27216187 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (Met) is an approved antidiabetic drug currently being explored for repurposing in cancer treatment based on recent evidence of its apparent chemopreventive properties. Met is weakly cationic and targets the mitochondria to induce cytotoxic effects in tumor cells, albeit not very effectively. We hypothesized that increasing its mitochondria-targeting potential by attaching a positively charged lipophilic substituent would enhance the antitumor activity of Met. In pursuit of this question, we synthesized a set of mitochondria-targeted Met analogues (Mito-Mets) with varying alkyl chain lengths containing a triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP(+)). In particular, the analogue Mito-Met10, synthesized by attaching TPP(+) to Met via a 10-carbon aliphatic side chain, was nearly 1,000 times more efficacious than Met at inhibiting cell proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Notably, in PDAC cells, Mito-Met10 potently inhibited mitochondrial complex I, stimulating superoxide and AMPK activation, but had no effect in nontransformed control cells. Moreover, Mito-Met10 potently triggered G1 cell-cycle phase arrest in PDAC cells, enhanced their radiosensitivity, and more potently abrogated PDAC growth in preclinical mouse models, compared with Met. Collectively, our findings show how improving the mitochondrial targeting of Met enhances its anticancer activities, including aggressive cancers like PDAC in great need of more effective therapeutic options. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3904-15. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Biomedical Translational Research Group, Biotechnology Laboratories, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia. Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Donna McAllister
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kathleen Boyle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Christy S Barrios
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - James J Weber
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bryon D Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Marseille, France
| | - Michael B Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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Laube M, Kniess T, Pietzsch J. Development of Antioxidant COX-2 Inhibitors as Radioprotective Agents for Radiation Therapy-A Hypothesis-Driven Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5020014. [PMID: 27104573 PMCID: PMC4931535 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) evolved to be a primary treatment modality for cancer patients. Unfortunately, the cure or relief of symptoms is still accompanied by radiation-induced side effects with severe acute and late pathophysiological consequences. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are potentially useful in this regard because radioprotection of normal tissue and/or radiosensitizing effects on tumor tissue have been described for several compounds of this structurally diverse class. This review aims to substantiate the hypothesis that antioxidant COX-2 inhibitors are promising radioprotectants because of intercepting radiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in normal tissue, especially the vascular system. For this, literature reporting on COX inhibitors exerting radioprotective and/or radiosensitizing action as well as on antioxidant COX inhibitors will be reviewed comprehensively with the aim to find cross-points of both and, by that, stimulate further research in the field of radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden D-01328, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01062, Germany.
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Lin A, Maity A. Molecular Pathways: A Novel Approach to Targeting Hypoxia and Improving Radiotherapy Efficacy via Reduction in Oxygen Demand. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 21:1995-2000. [PMID: 25934887 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia presents a unique therapeutic challenge in the treatment of solid malignancies. Its presence has been established to be a poor prognostic factor in multiple cancer types, and past hypoxia-directed approaches have yielded generally disappointing results. Previous approaches have centered on either increasing oxygen delivery or administering agents that preferentially radiosensitize or kill hypoxic cells. However, a novel and potentially more effective method may be to increase therapeutic benefit by decreasing tumor oxygen consumption via agents such as metformin or nelfinavir in a patient population that is enriched for tumor hypoxia. This promising approach is currently being investigated in clinical trials and the subject of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Amit Maity
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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28
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Leroi N, Lallemand F, Coucke P, Noel A, Martinive P. Impacts of Ionizing Radiation on the Different Compartments of the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:78. [PMID: 27064581 PMCID: PMC4811953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most important modalities for cancer treatment. For many years, the impact of RT on cancer cells has been extensively studied. Recently, the tumor microenvironment (TME) emerged as one of the key factors in therapy resistance. RT is known to influence and modify diverse components of the TME. Hence, we intent to review data from the literature on the impact of low and high single dose, as well as fractionated RT on host cells (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune and inflammatory cells) and the extracellular matrix. Optimizing the schedule of RT (i.e., dose per fraction) and other treatment modalities is a current challenge. A better understanding of the cascade of events and TME remodeling following RT would be helpful to design optimal treatment combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Leroi
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - François Lallemand
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium; Cyclotron Research Center, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Coucke
- Radiotherapy-Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Martinive
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium; Radiotherapy-Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de LiègeLiège, Belgium
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29
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Pantziarka P, Sukhatme V, Bouche G, Meheus L, Sukhatme VP. Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-diclofenac as an anti-cancer agent. Ecancermedicalscience 2016; 10:610. [PMID: 26823679 PMCID: PMC4720497 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2016.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is a well-known and widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with a range of actions which are of interest in an oncological context. While there has long been an interest in the use of NSAIDs in chemoprevention, there is now emerging evidence that such drugs may have activity in a treatment setting. DCF, which is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 synthesis, displays a range of effects on the immune system, the angiogenic cascade, chemo- and radio-sensitivity and tumour metabolism. Both pre-clinical and clinical evidence of these effects, in multiple cancer types, is assessed and summarised and relevant mechanisms of action outlined. Based on this evidence the case is made for further clinical investigation of the anticancer effects of DCF, particularly in combination with other agents - with a range of possible multi-drug and multi-modality combinations outlined in the supplementary materials accompanying the main paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pantziarka
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
- The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Lydie Meheus
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | - Vikas P Sukhatme
- GlobalCures, Inc; Newton MA 02459, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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30
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Ch'ang HJ. Optimal combination of antiangiogenic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2029-40. [PMID: 26261692 PMCID: PMC4528276 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i16.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of sorafenib in prolonging survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) makes therapeutic inhibition of angiogenesis a component of treatment for HCC. To enhance therapeutic efficacy, overcome drug resistance and reduce toxicity, combination of antiangiogenic agents with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or other targeted agents were evaluated. Nevertheless, the use of antiangiogenic therapy remains suboptimal regarding dosage, schedule and duration of therapy. The issue is further complicated by combination antiangiogenesis to other cytotoxic or biologic agents. There is no way to determine which patients are most likely respond to a given form of antiangiogenic therapy. Activation of alternative pathways associated with disease progression in patients undergoing antiangiogenic therapy has also been recognized. There is increasing importance in identifying, validating and standardizing potential response biomarkers for antiangiogenesis therapy for HCC patients. In this review, biomarkers for antiangiogenesis therapy including systemic, circulating, tissue and imaging ones are summarized. The strength and deficit of circulating and imaging biomarkers were further demonstrated by a series of studies in HCC patients receiving radiotherapy with or without thalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Ch'ang
- Hui-Ju Ch'ang, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
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31
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Bol V, Bol A, Bouzin C, Labar D, Lee JA, Janssens G, Porporato PE, Sonveaux P, Feron O, Grégoire V. Reprogramming of tumor metabolism by targeting mitochondria improves tumor response to irradiation. Acta Oncol 2015; 54:266-74. [PMID: 25007226 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2014.932006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Warburg phenotype identified decades ago describes tumor cells with increased glycolysis and decreased mitochondrial respiration even in the presence of oxygen. This particular metabolism also termed 'aerobic glycolysis' reflects an adaptation of tumor cells to proliferation in a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. Although metabolic alterations in cancer cells are common features, their impact on the response to radiotherapy is not yet fully elucidated. This study investigated the impact of cellular oxygen consumption inhibition on the tumor response to radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Warburg-phenotype tumor cells with impaired mitochondrial respiration (MD) were produced and compared in respect to their metabolism to the genetically matched parental cells (WT). After characterization of their metabolism we compared the response of MD cells to irradiation in vivo and in vitro to the genetically matched parental cells (WT). RESULTS We first confirmed that MD cells were exclusively glycolytic while WT cells exhibited mitochondrial respiration. We then used these cells for assessing the response of WT and MD tumors to a single dose of radiation and showed that the in vivo tumor growth delay of the MD group was increased, indicating an increased radiosensitivity compared to WT while the in vitro ability of both cell lines to repair radiation-induced DNA damage was similar. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicate that in addition to intrinsic radiosensitivity parameters the tumor response to radiation will also depend on their metabolic rate of oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Bol
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) , Brussels , Belgium
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Danhier P, Gallez B. Electron paramagnetic resonance: a powerful tool to support magnetic resonance imaging research. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 10:266-81. [PMID: 25362845 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the areas where electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has provided unique information to MRI developments. The field of application mainly encompasses the EPR characterization of MRI paramagnetic contrast agents (gadolinium and manganese chelates, nitroxides) and superparamagnetic agents (iron oxide particles). The combined use of MRI and EPR has also been used to qualify or disqualify sources of contrast in MRI. Illustrative examples are presented with attempts to qualify oxygen sensitive contrast (i.e. T1 - and T2 *-based methods), redox status or melanin content in tissues. Other areas are likely to benefit from the combined EPR/MRI approach, namely cell tracking studies. Finally, the combination of EPR and MRI studies on the same models provides invaluable data regarding tissue oxygenation, hemodynamics and energetics. Our description will be illustrative rather than exhaustive to give to the readers a flavour of 'what EPR can do for MRI'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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33
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Improving tumour heterogeneity MRI assessment with histograms. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2205-13. [PMID: 25268373 PMCID: PMC4264439 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By definition, tumours are heterogeneous. They are defined by marked differences in cells, microenvironmental factors (oxygenation levels, pH, VEGF, VPF and TGF-α) metabolism, vasculature, structure and function that in turn translate into heterogeneous drug delivery and therapeutic outcome. Ways to estimate quantitatively tumour heterogeneity can improve drug discovery, treatment planning and therapeutic responses. It is therefore of paramount importance to have reliable and reproducible biomarkers of cancerous lesions' heterogeneity. During the past decade, the number of studies using histogram approaches increased drastically with various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques (DCE-MRI, DWI, SWI etc.) although information on tumour heterogeneity remains poorly exploited. This fact can be attributed to a poor knowledge of the available metrics and of their specific meaning as well as to the lack of literature references to standardised histogram methods with which surrogate markers of heterogeneity can be compared. This review highlights the current knowledge and critical advances needed to investigate and quantify tumour heterogeneity. The key role of imaging techniques and in particular the key role of MRI for an accurate investigation of tumour heterogeneity is reviewed with a particular emphasis on histogram approaches and derived methods.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Most solid tumors contain regions of low oxygenation or hypoxia. Tumor hypoxia has been associated with a poor clinical outcome and plays a critical role in tumor radioresistance. RECENT ADVANCES Two main types of hypoxia exist in the tumor microenvironment: chronic and cycling hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia results from the limited diffusion distance of oxygen, and cycling hypoxia primarily results from the variation in microvessel red blood cell flux and temporary disturbances in perfusion. Chronic hypoxia may cause either tumor progression or regressive effects depending on the tumor model. However, there is a general trend toward the development of a more aggressive phenotype after cycling hypoxia. With advanced hypoxia imaging techniques, spatiotemporal characteristics of tumor hypoxia and the changes to the tumor microenvironment can be analyzed. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we focus on the biological and clinical consequences of chronic and cycling hypoxia on radiation treatment. We also discuss the advanced non-invasive imaging techniques that have been developed to detect and monitor tumor hypoxia in preclinical and clinical studies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better understanding of the mechanisms of tumor hypoxia with non-invasive imaging will provide a basis for improved radiation therapeutic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ting Lee
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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35
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Tumour hypoxia determines the potential of combining mTOR and autophagy inhibitors to treat mammary tumours. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2597-606. [PMID: 24157830 PMCID: PMC3833227 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia can activate autophagy, a self-digest adaptive process that maintains cell turnover. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are used to treat cancer but also stimulate autophagy. METHODS Human mammary cancer cells and derived xenografts were used to examine whether hypoxia could exacerbate autophagy-mediated resistance to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. RESULTS Rapamycin exerted potent antitumour effects in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 mammary tumours through a marked inhibition of angiogenesis, but the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) failed to further sensitise tumours to mTOR inhibition. Rapamycin treatment actually led to tumour reoxygenation, thereby preventing the development of autophagy. Chloroquine alone, however, blocked the growth of MCF-7 tumours and in vitro blunted the hypoxia-induced component of autophagy in these cells. Finally, when initiating CQ treatment in large, hypoxic tumours, a robust antitumour effect could be observed, which also further increased the antiproliferative effects of rapamycin. CONCLUSION The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin significantly contributes to tumour growth inhibition and normalisation of the tumour vasculature through potent antiangiogenic effects. The resulting reduction in hypoxia accounts for a lack of sensitisation by the autophagy inhibitor CQ, except if the tumours are already at an advanced stage, and thus largely hypoxic at the initiation of the combination of rapamycin and CQ treatment.
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36
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Optimization of Tumor Radiotherapy With Modulators of Cell Metabolism: Toward Clinical Applications. Semin Radiat Oncol 2013; 23:262-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Valle BL, D'Souza T, Becker KG, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Wersto RP, Morin PJ. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease E2F1 expression and inhibit cell growth in ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61836. [PMID: 23637916 PMCID: PMC3634839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that the regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) drugs is associated with a reduced risk of various cancers. In addition, in vitro and experiments in mouse models have demonstrated that NSAIDs decrease tumor initiation and/or progression of several cancers. However, there are limited preclinical studies investigating the effects of NSAIDs in ovarian cancer. Here, we have studied the effects of two NSAIDs, diclofenac and indomethacin, in ovarian cancer cell lines and in a xenograft mouse model. Diclofenac and indomethacin treatment decreased cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, diclofenac and indomethacin reduced tumor volume in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer. To identify possible molecular pathways mediating the effects of NSAID treatment in ovarian cancer, we performed microarray analysis of ovarian cancer cells treated with indomethacin or diclofenac. Interestingly, several of the genes found downregulated following diclofenac or indomethacin treatment are transcriptional target genes of E2F1. E2F1 was downregulated at the mRNA and protein level upon treatment with diclofenac and indomethacin, and overexpression of E2F1 rescued cells from the growth inhibitory effects of diclofenac and indomethacin. In conclusion, NSAIDs diclofenac and indomethacin exert an anti-proliferative effect in ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo and the effects of NSAIDs may be mediated, in part, by downregulation of E2F1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca L. Valle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Theresa D'Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William H. Wood
- Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Wersto
- Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrice J. Morin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Danhier P, Copetti T, De Preter G, Leveque P, Feron O, Jordan BF, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. Influence of cell detachment on the respiration rate of tumor and endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53324. [PMID: 23382841 PMCID: PMC3559693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell detachment is a procedure routinely performed in cell culture and a necessary step in many biochemical assays including the determination of oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in vitro. In vivo, cell detachment has been shown to exert profound metabolic influences notably in cancer but also in other pathologies, such as retinal detachment for example. In the present study, we developed and validated a new technique combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry and the use of cytodex 1 and collagen-coated cytodex 3 dextran microbeads, which allowed the unprecedented comparison of the OCR of adherent and detached cells with high sensitivity. Hence, we demonstrated that both B16F10 melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) experience strong OCR decrease upon trypsin or collagenase treatments. The reduction of cell oxygen consumption was more pronounced with a trypsin compared to a collagenase treatment. Cells remaining in suspension also encounter a marked intracellular ATP depletion and an increase in the lactate production/glucose uptake ratio. These findings highlight the important influence exerted by cell adhesion/detachment on cell respiration, which can be probed with the unprecedented experimental assay that was developed and validated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Copetti
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Géraldine De Preter
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leveque
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F. Jordan
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Bland E, Dréau D, Burg KJL. Overcoming hypoxia to improve tissue-engineering approaches to regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:505-14. [PMID: 22761177 DOI: 10.1002/term.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current clinical successes of tissue engineering are limited primarily to low-metabolism, acellular, pre-vascularized or thin tissues. Mass transport has been identified as the primary culprit, limiting the delivery of nutrients (such as oxygen and glucose) and removal of wastes, from tissues deep within a cellular scaffold. While strategies to develop sufficient vasculature to overcome hypoxia in vitro are promising, inconsistencies between the in vitro and the in vivo environments may still negate the effectiveness of large-volume tissue-engineered scaffolds. While a common theme in tissue engineering is to maximize oxygen supply, studies suggest that moderate oxygenation of cellular scaffolds during in vitro conditioning is preferable to high oxygen levels. Aiming for moderate oxygen values to prevent hypoxia while still promoting angiogenesis may be obtained by tailoring in vitro culture conditions to the oxygen environment the scaffold will experience upon implantation. This review discusses the causes and effects of tissue-engineering hypoxia and the optimization of oxygenation for the minimization of in vivo hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Bland
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA
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40
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Jordan BF, Sonveaux P. Targeting tumor perfusion and oxygenation to improve the outcome of anticancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:94. [PMID: 22661950 PMCID: PMC3357106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are widespread clinical modalities for cancer treatment. Among other biological influences, hypoxia is a main factor limiting the efficacy of radiotherapy, primarily because oxygen is involved in the stabilization of the DNA damage caused by ionizing radiations. Radiobiological hypoxia is found in regions of rodent and human tumors with a tissue oxygenation level below 10 mmHg at which tumor cells become increasingly resistant to radiation damage. Since hypoxic tumor cells remain clonogenic, their resistance to the treatment strongly influences the therapeutic outcome of radiotherapy. There is therefore an urgent need to identify adjuvant treatment modalities aimed to increase tumor pO(2) at the time of radiotherapy. Since tumor hypoxia fundamentally results from an imbalance between oxygen delivery by poorly efficient blood vessels and oxygen consumption by tumor cells with high metabolic activities, two promising approaches are those targeting vascular reactivity and tumor cell respiration. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the development and use of tumor-selective vasodilators, inhibitors of tumor cell respiration, and drugs and treatments combining both activities in the context of tumor sensitization to X-ray radiotherapy. Tumor-selective vasodilation may also be used to improve the delivery of circulating anticancer agents to tumors. Imaging tumor perfusion and oxygenation is of importance not only for the development and validation of such combination treatments, but also to determine which patients could benefit from the therapy. Numerous techniques have been developed in the preclinical setting. Hence, this review also briefly describes both magnetic resonance and non-magnetic resonance in vivo methods and compares them in terms of sensitivity, quantitative or semi-quantitative properties, temporal, and spatial resolutions, as well as translational aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte F. Jordan
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain Medical SchoolBrussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain Medical SchoolBrussels, Belgium
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Diepart C, Karroum O, Magat J, Feron O, Verrax J, Calderon PB, Grégoire V, Leveque P, Stockis J, Dauguet N, Jordan BF, Gallez B. Arsenic trioxide treatment decreases the oxygen consumption rate of tumor cells and radiosensitizes solid tumors. Cancer Res 2011; 72:482-90. [PMID: 22139377 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) is an effective therapeutic against acute promyelocytic leukemia and certain solid tumors. Because As(2)O(3) inhibits mitochondrial respiration in leukemia cells, we hypothesized that As(2)O(3) might enhance the radiosensitivity of solid tumors by increasing tumor oxygenation [partial pressure of oxygen (pO(2))] via a decrease in oxygen consumption. Two murine models of radioresistant hypoxic cancer were used to study the effects of As(2)O(3). We measured pO(2) and the oxygen consumption rate in vivo by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry and (19)fluorine-MRI relaxometry. Tumor perfusion was assessed by Patent blue staining. In both models, As(2)O(3) inhibited mitochondrial respiration, leading to a rapid increase in pO(2). The decrease in oxygen consumption could be explained by an observed decrease in glutathione in As(2)O(3)-treated cells, as this could increase intracellular reactive oxygen species that can disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential. When tumors were irradiated during periods of As(2)O(3)-induced augmented oxygenation, radiosensitivity increased by 2.2-fold compared with control mice. Notably, this effect was abolished when temporarily clamped tumors were irradiated. Together, our findings show that As(2)O(3) acutely increases oxygen consumption and radiosensitizes tumors, providing a new rationale for clinical investigations of As(2)O(3) in irradiation protocols to treat solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Diepart
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Lipinski B. Hydroxyl radical and its scavengers in health and disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 2011:809696. [PMID: 21904647 PMCID: PMC3166784 DOI: 10.1155/2011/809696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is generally believed that diseases caused by oxidative stress should be treated with antioxidants. However, clinical trials with such antioxidants as ascorbic acid and vitamin E, failed to produce the expected beneficial results. On the other hand, important biomolecules can be modified by the introduction of oxygen atoms by means of non-oxidative hydroxyl radicals. In addition, hydroxyl radicals can reduce disulfide bonds in proteins, specifically fibrinogen, resulting in their unfolding and scrambled refolding into abnormal spatial configurations. Consequences of this reaction are observed in many diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer and neurological disorders, and can be prevented by the action of non-reducing substances. Moreover, many therapeutic substances, traditionally classified as antioxidants, accept electrons and thus are effective oxidants. It is described in this paper that hydroxyl radicals can be generated by ferric ions without any oxidizing agent. In view of the well-known damaging effect of poorly chelated iron in the human body, numerous natural products containing iron binding agents can be essential in the maintenance of human health. However, beneficial effects of the great number of phytochemicals that are endowed with hydroxyl radical scavenging and/or iron chelating activities should not be considered as a proof for oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boguslaw Lipinski
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Diepart C, Magat J, Jordan BF, Gallez B. In vivo mapping of tumor oxygen consumption using (19)F MRI relaxometry. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:458-463. [PMID: 20891023 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have developed a new electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) protocol in order to estimate tissue oxygen consumption in vivo. Because it is crucial to probe the heterogeneity of response in tumors, the aim of this study was to apply our protocol, together with (19)F MRI relaxometry, to the mapping of the oxygen consumption in tumors. The protocol includes the continuous measurement of tumor po(2) during the following respiratory challenge: (i) basal values during air breathing; (ii) increasing po(2) values during carbogen breathing until saturation of tissue with oxygen; (iii) switching back to air breathing. We have demonstrated previously using EPR oximetry that the kinetics of return to the basal value after oxygen saturation are mainly governed by tissue oxygen consumption. This challenge was applied in hyperthyroid mice (generated by chronic treatment with L-thyroxine) and control mice, as hyperthyroidism is known to dramatically affect the oxygen consumption rate of tumor cells. Our recently developed snapshot inversion recovery MRI fluorocarbon oximetry technique allowed the po(2) return kinetics to be measured with a high temporal resolution. The kinetic constants (i.e. oxygen consumption rates) were higher for tumors from hyperthyroid mice than from control mice, data that are consistent with our previous EPR study. The corresponding histograms of the (19)F MRI data showed that the kinetic constants displayed a shift to the right for the hyperthyroid group, indicating a higher oxygen consumption in these tumors. The color maps showed a large heterogeneity in terms of oxygen consumption rate within a tumor. In conclusion, (19)F MRI relaxometry allows the noninvasive mapping of the oxygen consumption in tumors. The ability to assess the heterogeneity of tumor response is critical in order to identify potential tumor regions that might be resistant to treatment and therefore produce a poor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Diepart
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Jordan BF, Gallez B. Surrogate MR markers of response to chemo- or radiotherapy in association with co-treatments: a retrospective analysis of multi-modal studies. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2011; 5:323-32. [PMID: 20648644 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of magnetic resonance (MR) markers over the past decade has provided evidence that the tumor microenvironnement and hemodynamics play a major role in determining tumor response to therapy. The aim of the present work is to predict and monitor the efficacy of co-treatments to radio- and chemotherapy by noninvasive MR imaging. Ten different co-treatments were involved in this retrospective analysis of our previously published data, including NO-mediated co-treatments (insulin and isosorbide dinitrate), anti-inflammatory drugs (hydrocortisone, NS-398), anti-angiogenic agents (thalidomide, SU5416 and ZD6474), a vasoactive agent (xanthinol nicotinate), botulinum toxin and carbogen breathing. Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI, intrinsic susceptibility-weighted (BOLD) MRI and electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry all reflect tumor microenvironment hemodynamic variables that are known to influence tumor response. Eight MR-derived parameters (markers) were tested for their ability to predict therapeutic outcome (factor of increase in regrowth delay) in experimental tumor models (TLT and FSaII) after radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, namely tumor pO₂ and O₂ consumption rate (using EPR oximetry); tumor blood flow and permeability, i.e. V(p), K(trans), K(ep) and percentage of perfused vessels (using DCE-MRI); and BOLD signal intensity and R₂* (using functional MRI). This multi-modal comparison of co-treatment efficacy points out the limitations of each MR marker and identifies in vivo pO₂ as a relevant endpoint for radiation therapy. DCE parameters (V(p) and K(ep)) were identified as a relevant endpoints for cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in our tumor models. This study helps qualify relevant imaging endpoints in the preclinical setting of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte F Jordan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Ch'ang HJ, Hsu C, Chen CH, Chang YH, Chang JS, Chen LT. Phase II study of concomitant thalidomide during radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 82:817-25. [PMID: 21277098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thalidomide has been demonstrated to possess antitumor activity in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of the present study was to determine whether the combined treatment of thalidomide with radiotherapy (RT) is associated with acceptable toxicity and an improved clinical outcome in HCC patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 24 patients were enrolled to receive RT combined with thalidomide. A total dose of 50 Gy was delivered in 2-Gy fractions within 5 weeks. Thalidomide was administered 100 mg twice daily starting 3 days before RT until the development of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after treatment to measure the levels of angiogenic factors and cytokines. The results of patients receiving the combined therapy were compared with those from 18 HCC patients receiving RT only. RESULTS No significant difference in the clinical parameters was noted between the two groups, except for the baseline interleukin-6 level, which was greater in the concomitant group (p = .05). The most common toxicities related to thalidomide use were skin rash (54.2%), somnolence (37.5%), and constipation (33.3%). No significant differences were seen in the response rate (55.6% vs. 58.3%, p = .48), median progression-free survival (182 ± 48.9 vs. 148 ± 6.2 days, p = .15), or median overall survival (258 ± 45.6 vs. 241 ± 38.6, p = .16) between those who received concomitant therapy and those who received RT alone. Thalidomide suppressed the serum basic fibroblast growth factor level significantly during RT (p = .03) and, to a lesser extent, the interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. After adjusting for other potential prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis, only the baseline interleukin-6 level and stem cell-derived factor-1 during RT independently predicted the progression-free survival. A decreased serum stem cell-derived factor-1 level 1 month after RT completion was a significant predictor of the overall survival of HCC patients receiving RT. CONCLUSIONS Despite the acceptable toxicity, thalidomide provided no additional benefit for HCC patients undergoing RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Ch'ang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Sottnik JL, Hansen RJ, Gustafson DL, Dow SW, Thamm DH. Induction of VEGF by tepoxalin does not lead to increased tumour growth in a canine osteosarcoma xenograft. Vet Comp Oncol 2010; 9:118-30. [PMID: 21569197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2010.00240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug tepoxalin on canine tumour cell growth and describe the changes associated with tepoxalin treatment. In vitro experiments were performed to assess tepoxalin-associated alterations in tumour cell growth. Clinically achievable tepoxalin concentrations did not significantly alter tumour cell growth in vitro. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α dose-dependently increased in vitro in the presence of tepoxalin. A canine osteosarcoma xenograft was used to determine in vivo effects of tepoxalin on tumour growth and angiogenesis. Despite increased VEGF in vitro, there was a significant growth delay associated with tepoxalin treatment. Normal dogs were administered tepoxalin to assess effects on systemic VEGF production, but not found to have significantly increased VEGF. These data suggest that tepoxalin may moderately inhibit tumour growth and may be administered as an analgesic to tumour-bearing dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Sottnik
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Pioglitazone modulates tumor cell metabolism and proliferation in multicellular tumor spheroids. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:117-26. [PMID: 20217088 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The anti-diabetic thiazolidinedione compound pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are clinically used in patients with advanced malignancies. Several previously published in vivo and in vitro studies showed growth inhibitory effects on different cancer cell lines. However, the underlying mechanisms are fairly unclear. Here, we analyzed the effects of pioglitazone in combination with other drugs in a three-dimensional multicellular tumor spheroid culture system (MCTS) generated from the two prostate carcinoma cell lines PC3 and LNCaP. As expected, pioglitazone also inhibited tumor cell proliferation in the MCTS system. Further studies revealed that pioglitazone lowered the pH of the culture medium, decreased oxygen consumption and increased lactate secretion in both tumor cell lines. Other glitazones, troglitazone and ciglitazone, had similar effects. The combination of pioglitazone with 2-deoxyglucose, a potent inhibitor of glycolysis, had an additive effect on the inhibition of cell proliferation and led to MCTS disintegration. Our data propose a new mechanism of growth inhibition by pioglitazone through modulation of the tumor cell metabolism.
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Tellurite-induced oxidative stress leads to cell death of murine hepatocarcinoma cells. Biometals 2010; 23:623-32. [PMID: 20213267 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Data regarding tellurium (Te) toxicity are scarce. Studies on its metabolism, performed mainly in bacteria, underline a major role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated whether tellurite undergoes redox cycling leading to ROS formation and cancer cell death. The murine hepatocarcinoma Transplantable Liver Tumor (TLT) cells were challenged with tellurite either in the presence or in the absence of different compounds as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 3-methyladenine, BAPTA-AM, and catalase. NAC inhibition of tellurite-mediated toxicity suggested a major role of oxidative stress. Tellurite also decreased both glutathione (GSH) and ATP content by 57 and 80%, respectively. In the presence of NAC however, the levels of such markers were almost fully restored. Tellurite-mediated ROS generation was assessed both by using the fluorescent, oxidation-sensitive probe dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to detect hydroxyl radical formation. Cell death occurs by a caspase-independent mechanism, as shown by the lack of caspase-3 activity and no cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP). The presence of gamma-H2AX suggests tellurite-induced DNA strand breaking, NAC being unable to counteract it. Although the calcium chelator BAPTA-AM did show no effect, the rapid phosphorylation of eIF2alpha suggests that, in addition to oxidative stress, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may be involved in the mechanisms leading to cell death by tellurite.
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Jordan BF, Peeterbroeck J, Karroum O, Diepart C, Magat J, Grégoire V, Gallez B. Captopril and S-nitrosocaptopril as potent radiosensitizers: Comparative study and underlying mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2010; 293:213-9. [PMID: 20144849 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to improve the issue of radiotherapy treatments, we tested whether S-nitrosocaptopril, a molecule combining a NO donor and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor), could temporarily improve the hemodynamic status of experimental tumors. We monitored the effect of S-nitrosocaptopril in TLT tumors using non rinvasive magnetic resonance techniques. We identified a time window during which tumor oxygenation was improved, as a result of a combined effect on tumor blood flow and oxygen consumption. Consequently, the administration of S-nitrosocaptopril contributed to the increase in efficacy of radiation therapy, an effect that was not observed with captopril alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Ansiaux R, Dewever J, Grégoire V, Feron O, Jordan BF, Gallez B. Decrease in tumor cell oxygen consumption after treatment with vandetanib (ZACTIMA; ZD6474) and its effect on response to radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2009; 172:584-91. [PMID: 19883226 DOI: 10.1667/rr1744.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the early effects of vandetanib (ZACTIMA; ZD6474), an inhibitor of VEGFR-dependent angiogenesis, on tumor oxygenation and on the possible consequences of combining vandetanib with radiotherapy. Tumor oxygenation, perfusion, cellular consumption of oxygen, and radiation sensitivity were studied in transplantable liver tumors after daily doses of vandetanib (25 mg kg(-1) i.p.). Measurements of oxygenation (pO(2)) and tumor cell oxygen consumption were carried out using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and perfusion parameters were assessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Regrowth delay assays were performed after treatment with vandetanib alone, radiation alone or a combination of both treatments. Vandetanib induced an early increase in tumor oxygenation that did not correlate with remodeling of the tumor vasculature or with changes in tumor perfusion. A decrease in tumor cell oxygen consumption was observed that could have been responsible for this increase in tumor oxygenation. Consistent with this increase in tumor oxygenation, we found that vandetanib potentiated the tumor response to radiotherapy. Our results confirm that treatment with an inhibitor of VEGFR signaling reduces oxygen consumption rate by tumor cells. The observation that vandetanib causes an early increase in tumor oxygenation has implications for the timing and sequencing of treatment with VEGF signaling inhibitors in combination with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réginald Ansiaux
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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