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Lin Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Yao W. LPCAT2-mediated lipid droplet production supports pancreatic cancer chemoresistance and cell motility. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112681. [PMID: 39068758 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) accumulation is one of the features in various tumors, whereas the significance of LD accumulation in pancreatic cancer progression remains unclear under chemotherapeutic condition. Since chemoresistance towards gemcitabine (GEM) is an obstacle for clinical therapy of pancreatic cancer, we sought to investigate the contribution of LD accumulation to GEM resistance. Herein, triacsin C (an inhibitor of LD production) dampened the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. The inhibition of LD accumulation induced by triacsin C or silencing of perilipin 2 (a marker of LD) sensitized cells to GEM treatment. Next, 75 paraffin-embedded samples and 5 pairs of frozen samples from pancreatic cancer patients were obtained for the detection of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2; a LD-located enzyme contributing phosphatidylcholine synthesis) expression. The results revealed that LPCAT2 was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues, and its expression was correlated with clinical parameters and the basal LD content of cancer cell lines. Loss of LPCAT2 repressed the LD accumulation, GEM resistance, and cell motility. The enhancement of chemotherapy sensitivity was further confirmed in a xenograft model of mice in vivo. The carcinogenesis role of LPCAT2 was at least partly mediated by the LD accumulation. Then, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) activated the transcription of LPCAT2. Both LPCAT2 downregulation and triacsin C reversed the STAT5B-induced potentiation of malignant phenotypes in pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, LPCAT2-mediated lipid droplet production supported pancreatic cancer chemoresistance and cell motility, which was triggered by STAT5B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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2
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Wang K, Zhan HQ, Hu Y, Yuan ZY, Yang JF, Yang DS, Tao LS, Xu T. The role of interleukin-20 in liver disease: Functions, mechanisms and clinical applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29853. [PMID: 38699038 PMCID: PMC11064155 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a severe public health concern worldwide. There is a close relationship between the liver and cytokines, and liver inflammation from a variety of causes leads to the release and activation of cytokines. The functions of cytokines are complex and variable, and are closely related to their cellular origin, target molecules and mode of action. Interleukin (IL)-20 has been studied as a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is expressed and regulated in some diseases. Furthermore, accumulating evidences has shown that IL-20 is highly expressed in clinical samples from patients with liver disease, promoting the production of pro-inflammatory molecules involved in liver disease progression, and antagonists of IL-20 can effectively inhibit liver injury and produce protective effects. This review highlights the potential of targeting IL-20 in liver diseases, elucidates the potential mechanisms of IL-20 inducing liver injury, and suggests multiple viable strategies to mitigate the pro-inflammatory response to IL-20. Genomic CRISPR/Cas9-based screens may be a feasible way to further explore the signaling pathways and regulation of IL-20 in liver diseases. Nanovector systems targeting IL-20 offer new possibilities for the treatment and prevention of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - He-Qin Zhan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhan-Yuan Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jun-Fa Yang
- Department of orthopedics, Anhui Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Da-Shuai Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Liang-Song Tao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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3
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Park H, Lee S, Lee J, Moon H, Ro SW. Exploring the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Unraveling Signaling Complexity and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13764. [PMID: 37762066 PMCID: PMC10531214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) continues to pose a substantial global health challenge due to its high incidence and limited therapeutic options. In recent years, the Janus Kinase (JAK) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway has emerged as a critical signaling cascade in HCC pathogenesis. The review commences with an overview of the JAK/STAT pathway, delving into the dynamic interplay between the JAK/STAT pathway and its numerous upstream activators, such as cytokines and growth factors enriched in pathogenic livers afflicted with chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. This paper also elucidates how the persistent activation of JAK/STAT signaling leads to diverse oncogenic processes during hepatocarcinogenesis, including uncontrolled cell proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and immune escape. In the context of therapeutic implications, this review summarizes recent advancements in targeting the JAK/STAT pathway for HCC treatment. Preclinical and clinical studies investigating inhibitors and modulators of JAK/STAT signaling are discussed, highlighting their potential in suppressing the deadly disease. The insights presented herein underscore the necessity for continued research into targeting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway as a promising avenue for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simon Weonsang Ro
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (H.P.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (H.M.)
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4
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Smith MR, Satter LRF, Vargas-Hernández A. STAT5b: A master regulator of key biological pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025373. [PMID: 36755813 PMCID: PMC9899847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-5 proteins are required in immune regulation and homeostasis and play a crucial role in the development and function of several hematopoietic cells. STAT5b activation is involved in the expression of genes that participate in cell development, proliferation, and survival. STAT5a and STAT5b are paralogs and only human mutations in STAT5B have been identified leading to immune dysregulation and hematopoietic malignant transformation. The inactivating STAT5B mutations cause impaired post-natal growth, recurrent infections and immune dysregulation, whereas gain of function somatic mutations cause dysregulated allergic inflammation. These mutations are rare, and they are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations which provide a disease model elucidating the biological mechanism of STAT5 by studying the consequences of perturbations in STAT5 activity. Further, the use of Jak inhibitors as therapy for a variety of autoimmune and malignant disorders has increased substantially heading relevant lessons for the consequences of Jak/STAT immunomodulation from the human model. This review summarizes the biology of the STAT5 proteins, human disease associate with molecular defects in STAT5b, and the connection between aberrant activation of STAT5b and the development of certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa R. Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alexander Vargas-Hernández,
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5
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Abu El-Makarem MA, Kamel MF, Mohamed AA, Ali HA, Mohamed MR, Mohamed AEDM, El-Said AM, Ameen MG, Hassnine AA, Hassan HA. Down-regulation of hepatic expression of GHR/STAT5/IGF-1 signaling pathway fosters development and aggressiveness of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Crosstalk with Snail-1 and type 2 transforming growth factor-beta receptor. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277266. [PMID: 36374927 PMCID: PMC9662744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims So far, few clinical trials are available concerning the role of growth hormone receptor (GHR)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5)/insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis in hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatic expression of GHR/STAT5/IGF-1 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and to correlate the results with the clinico-pathological features and disease outcome. The interaction between this signaling pathway and some inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), namely Snail-1 and type 2 transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TGFBR2) was studied too. Material and methods A total of 40 patients with HCV-associated HCC were included in this study. They were compared to 40 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis without HCC, and 20 healthy controls. The hepatic expression of GHR, STAT5, IGF-1, Snail-1 and TGFBR2 proteins were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with cirrhotic patients without HCC and healthy controls, cirrhotic patients with HCC had significantly lower hepatic expression of GHR, STAT5, and IGF-1proteins. They also displayed significantly lower hepatic expression of TGFBR2, but higher expression of Snail-1 versus the non-HCC cirrhotic patients and controls. Serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) showed significant negative correlations with hepatic expression of GHR (r = -0.31; p = 0.029) and STAT5 (r = -0.29; p = 0.04). Hepatic expression of Snail-1 also showed negative correlations with GHR, STAT5, and IGF-1 expression (r = -0.55, p = 0.02; r = -0.472, p = 0.035, and r = -0.51, p = 0.009, respectively), whereas, hepatic expression of TGFBR2 was correlated positively with the expression of all these proteins (r = 0.47, p = 0.034; 0.49, p = 0.023, and r = 0.57, p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, we reported that decreased expression of GHR was significantly associated with serum AFP level>100 ng/ml (p = 0.048), increased tumor size (p = 0.02), vascular invasion (p = 0.002), and advanced pathological stage (p = 0.01). Similar significant associations were found between down-regulation of STAT5 expression and AFP level > 100 ng/ml (p = 0.006), vascular invasion (p = 0.009), and advanced tumor stage (p = 0.007). Also, attenuated expression of IGF-1 showed a significant association with vascular invasion (p < 0.001). Intriguingly, we detected that lower expression of GHR, STAT5 and IGF-1 were considered independent predictors for worse outcome in HCC. Conclusion Decreased expression of GHR/STAT5/IGF-1 signaling pathway may have a role in development, aggressiveness, and worse outcome of HCV-associated HCC irrespective of the liver functional status. Snail-1 and TGFBR2 as inducers of EMT may be key players. However, large prospective multicenter studies are needed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. Abu El-Makarem
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariana F. Kamel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, Minia Oncology Center, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hisham A. Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud R. Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M. El-Said
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud G. Ameen
- Department of Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Alshymaa A. Hassnine
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hatem A. Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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6
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Lin M, Ku AT, Dong J, Yue F, Jiang W, Ibrahim AA, Peng F, Creighton CJ, Nagi C, Gutierrez C, Rosen JM, Zhang XHF, Hilsenbeck SG, Chen X, Du YCN, Huang S, Shi A, Fan Z, Li Y. STAT5 confers lactogenic properties in breast tumorigenesis and restricts metastatic potential. Oncogene 2022; 41:5214-5222. [PMID: 36261627 PMCID: PMC9701164 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) promotes cell survival and instigates breast tumor formation, and in the normal breast it also drives alveolar differentiation and lactogenesis. However, whether STAT5 drives a differentiated phenotype in breast tumorigenesis and therefore impacts cancer spread and metastasis is unclear. We found in two genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer that constitutively activated Stat5a (Stat5aca) caused precancerous mammary epithelial cells to become lactogenic and evolve into tumors with diminished potential to metastasize. We also showed that STAT5aca reduced the migratory and invasive ability of human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that STAT5aca overexpression in human breast cancer cells lowered their metastatic burden in xenografted mice. Moreover, RPPA, Western blotting, and studies of ChIPseq data identified several EMT drivers regulated by STAT5. In addition, bioinformatic studies detected a correlation between STAT5 activity and better prognosis of breast cancer patients. Together, we conclude that STAT5 activation during mammary tumorigenesis specifies a tumor phenotype of lactogenic differentiation, suppresses EMT, and diminishes potential for subsequent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lin
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Amy T Ku
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Dong
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Yue
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiyu Jiang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Atef Ibrahim
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fanglue Peng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chandandeep Nagi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carolina Gutierrez
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Chieh Nancy Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Education, Innovation & Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aiping Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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7
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Liu X, Jin Y, Wan X, Liang X, Wang K, Liu J, Jiang J, Meng B, Han S, Zhou L, Cai S, Zou F. SALIS transcriptionally represses IGFBP3/Caspase-7-mediated apoptosis by associating with STAT5A to promote hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:642. [PMID: 35871161 PMCID: PMC9308799 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common subtype of liver cancer and the second most fatal cancer in the world despite the great therapeutic advances in the past two decades, which reminds us of the gap in fully understanding the oncogenic mechanism of HCC. To explore the key factors contributing to the progression of HCC, we identified a LncRNA, termed SALIS (Suppression of Apoptosis by LINC01186 Interacting with STAT5A), functions in promoting the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion while suppressing apoptosis in HCC cells. Mechanistic study indicated SALIS physically associates with transcription factor STAT5A and binds to the promoter regions of IGFBP3 and Caspase-7 to transcriptionally repress their expression and further inhibit apoptosis. Our findings identified SALIS as an oncogene to promote HCC by physically binding with STAT5A to inhibit the expression of pro-apoptotic IGFBP3 and Caspase-7, which suggests novel therapeutic targets for HCC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Jin
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wan
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Jiang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingyao Meng
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Han
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zou
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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You H, Qin S, Zhang F, Hu W, Li X, Liu D, Kong F, Pan X, Zheng K, Tang R. Regulation of Pattern-Recognition Receptor Signaling by HBX During Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829923. [PMID: 35251017 PMCID: PMC8891514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a small DNA virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a pivotal role in the development of various liver diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Among the molecules encoded by this virus, the HBV X protein (HBX) is a viral transactivator that plays a vital role in HBV replication and virus-associated diseases. Accumulating evidence so far indicates that pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are at the front-line of the host defense responses to restrict the virus by inducing the expression of interferons and various inflammatory factors. However, depending on HBX, the virus can control PRR signaling by modulating the expression and activity of essential molecules involved in the toll-like receptor (TLR), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR), and NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathways, to not only facilitate HBV replication, but also promote the development of viral diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that are linked to the regulation of PRR signaling mediated by HBX to inhibit innate immunity, regulation of viral propagation, virus-induced inflammation, and hepatocarcinogenesis. Given the importance of PRRs in the control of HBV replication, we propose that a comprehensive understanding of the modulation of cellular factors involved in PRR signaling induced by the viral protein may open new avenues for the treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Suping Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiliate Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiliate Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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9
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Chen X, Wang Z, Zhao X, Zhang L, Zhou L, Li X, Ge C, Zhao F, Chen T, Xie H, Cui Y, Tian H, Li H, Yao M, Li J. STAT5A modulates CDYL2/SLC7A6 pathway to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting to mTORC1. Oncogene 2022; 41:2492-2504. [PMID: 35314791 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chromodomain Y-like 2 (CDYL2), as a member of CDY family known to be involved in spermatogenesis, has been reported to participate in breast cancer development recently, but its exact biological role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Here, we observed that CDYL2 was down-regulated in human primary HCC tissues and the low levels of CDYL2 expression were correlated with poor survival. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that CDYL2 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CDYL2 down-regulates solute carrier family 7 member 6 (SLC7A6) by decreasing the enrichment of H3K4me3 on the promoter region of SLC7A6. Additionally, we also found that signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) could directly and positively regulate the expression of CDYL2. Thus, CDYL2 was regulated by STAT5A, and suppressed the amino acid transportation through down-regulation of SLC7A6, and then inhibits the mTORC1/S6K pathway, a master regulator of cell growth. Consistently, CDYL2 expression correlated significantly with STAT5A and SLC7A6 expression in HCC. Collectively, we propose a model for a STAT5A/CDYL2/SLC7A6 axis that provides novel insight into CDYL2, which may serve as a potential factor for predicting prognosis and a therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinge Zhao
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lianer Zhou
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianxian Li
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ge
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Taoyang Chen
- Qi Dong Liver Cancer Institute, Qi Dong, 226200, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Cancer Institute of Guangxi, Nanning, 530027, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yao
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Hepatitis B Viral Protein HBx and the Molecular Mechanisms Modulating the Hallmarks of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040741. [PMID: 35203390 PMCID: PMC8870387 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With 296 million cases estimated worldwide, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV-encoded oncogene X protein (HBx), a key multifunctional regulatory protein, drives viral replication and interferes with several cellular signalling pathways that drive virus-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the role of HBx in modulating the various hallmarks of HCC by supporting tumour initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis. Understanding HBx-mediated dimensions of complexity in driving liver malignancies could provide the key to unlocking novel and repurposed combinatorial therapies to combat HCC.
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11
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Zhang C, Yang H, Pan L, Zhao G, Zhang R, Zhang T, Xiao Z, Tong Y, Zhang Y, Hu R, Pandol SJ, Han YP. Hepatitis B Virus X Protein (HBx) Suppresses Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) Resulting in Stabilization of Integrin Beta 1 (ITGB1) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1181. [PMID: 33803301 PMCID: PMC7967237 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major etiological risk for the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and HBV X protein (HBx) is essential for oncogenic transformation. It is not known that if HBx can sabotage the lysosomal system for transformation and tumorigenesis, or its mechanism if it does have an effect. Examining clinical data, we observed that the downregulation of lysosomal components and transcription factor EB (TFEB) was associated with a poor prognosis of HCC patients. In HCC cells, we found that expression of HBx suppressed TFEB, impaired biogenesis of autophagic-lysosome, and promoted cellular dissemination. HBx mediated downregulation of TFEB led to impairment of autophagic/lysosomal biogenesis and flux, and consequently, accumulation of integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) for motility of HCC cells. Conversely, TFEB, in a steady-state condition, through induction of lysosomal biogenesis restrained ITGB1 levels and limited mobility of HCC cells. Specifically, overexpression of TFEB upregulated and activated the cysteine proteases including cathepsin L (CTSL) to degrade ITGB1. Conversely, expression of cystatin A (CSTA) or cystatin B (CSTB), the cellular inhibitors of lysosomal cysteine proteinases, spared ITGB1 from degradation and promoted dissemination of HCC cells. Taken together, this study suggests a potential mechanism for HBV-mediated malignancy, showing that HBx mediated downregulation of TFEB leads to accumulation of ITGB1 for HCC cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (L.P.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Huan Yang
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (L.P.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Liwei Pan
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (L.P.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Guangfu Zhao
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (L.P.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ruofei Zhang
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (L.P.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Tianci Zhang
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (L.P.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Zhixiong Xiao
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (L.P.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ying Tong
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (L.P.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- China West Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Richard Hu
- Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90001, USA;
| | | | - Yuan-Ping Han
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (L.P.); (G.Z.); (R.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.T.)
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12
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Lin CC, Liu TW, Yeh ML, Tsai YS, Tsai PC, Huang CF, Huang JF, Chuang WL, Dai CY, Yu ML. Significant down-regulation of growth hormone receptor expression revealed as a new unfavorable prognostic factor in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 27:313-328. [PMID: 33317258 PMCID: PMC8046631 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Growth hormone (GH) is the main regulator of somatic growth, metabolism, and gender dimorphism in the liver. GH receptor (GHR) signaling in cancer is derived from a large body of evidence, although the GHR signaling pathway involved in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC, remains unclear. We aimed to explore the expression of GHR and analyze its association with clinicopathologic features and prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCC. Methods The expression of GHR mRNA was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in paired tumors and adjacent non-tumorous (ANT) liver tissues of 200 patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCC. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays using the HCV-infected Huh7.5.1 cell model was performed. Results GHR mRNA was significantly lower in HCV-HCC tissues than in corresponding ANT liver tissues. GHR mRNA and protein levels also decreased in the HCV-infected Huh7.5.1 cell model. Notably, lower GHR expression was associated with age of >60 years (P=0.0111) and worse clinicopathologic characteristics, including alpha-fetoprotein >100 ng/mL (P=0.0403), cirrhosis (P=0.0075), vascular invasion (P=0.0052), pathological stage II–IV (P=0.0002), and albumin ≤4.0 g/dL (P=0.0055), which were linked with poor prognosis of HCC. Most importantly, the high incidence of recurrence and poor survival rates in patients with a low ratio of tumor/ANT GHR (≤0.1) were observed, indicating that low expression levels of GHR had great risk for development of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a significant down-regulation of GHR expression as a new unfavorable independent prognostic factor in patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chih Lin
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research and Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
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13
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Abdel-Megeed RM, Abd El-Alim SH, Arafa AF, Matloub AA, Farrag AERH, Darwish AB, Abdel- Hamid AHZ, Kadry MO. Crosslink among phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt, PTEN and STAT-5A signaling pathways post liposomal galactomannan hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1531-1541. [PMID: 33251120 PMCID: PMC7683274 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomal drug-delivery systems (LDDs) provide a promising opportunity to precisely target organs, improve drug bioavailability and reduce systemic toxicity. On the other hand, PI3K/Akt signaling pathways control various intracellular functions including apoptosis, invasion and cell growth. Hyper activation of PI3K and Akt is detected in some types of cancer that posses defect in PTEN. Tracking the crosstalk between PI3K/Akt, PTEN and STAT 5A signaling pathways, in cancer could result in identifying new therapeutic agents. The current study, identified an over view on PI3K/Akt, PTEN and STAT-5A networks, in addition to their biological roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study galactomannan was extracted from Caesalpinia gilliesii seeds then loaded in liposomes. Liposomes were prepared employing phosphatidyl choline and different concentrations of cholesterol. HCC was then induced in Wistar albino rats followed by liposomal galactomannan (700 ± 100 nm) treatment. Liver enzymes as well as antioxidants were assessed and PI3K/Akt, PTEN and STAT-5A gene expression were investigated. The prepared vesicles revealed entrapment efficiencies ranging from 23.55 to 69.17%, and negative zeta potential values. The optimum formulation revealed spherical morphology as well as diffusion controlled in vitro release pattern. Liposomal galactomannan elucidated a significant reduction in liver enzymes and MDA as well as PI3K/Akt, PTEN and STAT 5A gene expression. A significant elevation in GST and GSH were deduced. In conclusion, Liposomal galactomannan revealed a promising candidate for HCC therapy.
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Key Words
- AFP, α-fetoprotein
- ALP, alkaline phasphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Akt, serine/threonine kinase
- Bad, Bcl-2-associated death promoter
- C. gilliesii, Caesalpinia gilliesii
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- DDs, drug-delivery systems
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- FOXO1, fork-head box protein O1
- GM, galactomannan
- GSH, glutathione
- GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- LDDs, liposomal drug-delivery systems
- LPs, liposomes
- Liposomal galactomannan
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PI3K/Akt
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate
- PIP3, phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate
- PTEN
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- STAT 5A
- STAT-5A, signal transducer and activator of transcription-5A
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- VS, vesicle size
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M. Abdel-Megeed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Sameh H. Abd El-Alim
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Azza F. Arafa
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Azza A. Matloub
- Pharmacognosy D Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa B. Darwish
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Mai O. Kadry
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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14
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Involvement of STAT5 in Oncogenesis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090316. [PMID: 32872372 PMCID: PMC7555335 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, and in particular STAT3, have been established as heavily implicated in cancer. Recently, the involvement of STAT5 signalling in the pathology of cancer has been shown to be of increasing importance. STAT5 plays a crucial role in the development of the mammary gland and the homeostasis of the immune system. However, in various cancers, aberrant STAT5 signalling promotes the expression of target genes, such as cyclin D, Bcl-2 and MMP-2, that result in increased cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. To target constitutive STAT5 signalling in cancers, there are several STAT5 inhibitors that can prevent STAT5 phosphorylation, dimerisation, or its transcriptional activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target molecules upstream of STAT5 could also be utilised. Consequently, since STAT5 contributes to tumour aggressiveness and cancer progression, inhibiting STAT5 constitutive activation in cancers that rely on its signalling makes for a promising targeted treatment option.
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15
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Hin Tang JJ, Hao Thng DK, Lim JJ, Toh TB. JAK/STAT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Oncol 2020; 7:HEP18. [PMID: 32273976 PMCID: PMC7137178 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second most lethal cancer in the world with limited treatment options. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for more than 80% of all liver cancers, has had increasing global incidence over the past few years. There is an urgent need for novel and better therapeutic intervention for HCC patients. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a multitude of important biological functions in both normal and malignant cells. In a subset of HCC, JAK/STAT signaling is aberrantly activated, leading to dysregulation of downstream target genes that controls survival, angiogenesis, stemness, immune surveillance, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we will focus on the role of JAK/STAT signaling in HCC and discuss the current clinical status of several JAK/STAT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jit Hin Tang
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dexter Kai Hao Thng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jhin Jieh Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Verhoeven Y, Tilborghs S, Jacobs J, De Waele J, Quatannens D, Deben C, Prenen H, Pauwels P, Trinh XB, Wouters A, Smits EL, Lardon F, van Dam PA. The potential and controversy of targeting STAT family members in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:41-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Polak KL, Chernosky NM, Smigiel JM, Tamagno I, Jackson MW. Balancing STAT Activity as a Therapeutic Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111716. [PMID: 31684144 PMCID: PMC6895889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by dysregulated IL-6 family member cytokine signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME), aberrant signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and (STAT5) activation have been identified as key contributors to tumorigenesis. Following transformation, persistent STAT3 activation drives the emergence of mesenchymal/cancer-stem cell (CSC) properties, important determinants of metastatic potential and therapy failure. Moreover, STAT3 signaling within tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils drives secretion of factors that facilitate metastasis and suppress immune cell function. Persistent STAT5 activation is responsible for cancer cell maintenance through suppression of apoptosis and tumor suppressor signaling. Furthermore, STAT5-mediated CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in suppression of immunosurveillance. We discuss these roles for STAT3 and STAT5, and weigh the attractiveness of different modes of targeting each cancer therapy. Moreover, we discuss how anti-tumorigenic STATs, including STAT1 and STAT2, may be leveraged to suppress the pro-tumorigenic functions of STAT3/STAT5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Polak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Noah M Chernosky
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jacob M Smigiel
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Ilaria Tamagno
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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18
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Krajka-Kuźniak V, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Narożna M, Szaefer H, Baer-Dubowska W. Morpholide derivative of the novel oleanolic oxime and succinic acid conjugate diminish the expression and activity of NF-κB and STATs in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Zhang W, Liang X, Gong Y, Xiao C, Guo B, Yang T. The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5B (STAT5B) Gene Promotes Proliferation and Drug Resistance of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells by Activating the Akt Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2599-2608. [PMID: 30964854 PMCID: PMC6474296 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a high-grade B-cell lymphoma with poor prognosis. Fludarabine is used alone or in combination for relapsed and advanced-stage MCL. The expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) gene is associated with tumorigenesis in solid tumors, but its role in MCL remains unknown. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of STAT5B in GRANTA-519 human mantle cell lymphoma cells and drug resistance. Material/Methods GRANTA-519 human mantle cell lymphoma cells were cultured with and without 10 μM fludarabine dephosphorylated 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine, (2-F-araA) or 10 μM 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC). The MTT assay assessed cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the cell cycle in MCL cells treated with the specific inhibitor of the Akt pathway, LY294002, and assessed cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of p-Akt/Akt and STAT5B/p-STAT5B. The gene expression profiles of lymph node (LN)-derived MCL cells were compared with peripheral blood (PB)-derived lymphocytes using bioinformatics and hierarchical cluster analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the expression of the marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) gene. Results STAT5B was significantly upregulated in LN-derived MCL cells compared with PB lymphocytes. Increased expression of STAT5B was associated with increased MCL cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis and was associated with drug resistance and activation of Akt. Conclusions STAT5B promoted cell proliferation and drug resistance in human MCL cells by activating the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiping Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Chunyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Bingling Guo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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20
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Guo Z, Tang Y, Fu Y, Wang J. Decreased expression of STAT5A predicts poor prognosis in osteosarcoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:519-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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21
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Kaltenecker D, Themanns M, Mueller KM, Spirk K, Suske T, Merkel O, Kenner L, Luís A, Kozlov A, Haybaeck J, Müller M, Han X, Moriggl R. Hepatic growth hormone - JAK2 - STAT5 signalling: Metabolic function, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cytokine 2018; 124:154569. [PMID: 30389231 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity came along with an increase in associated metabolic disorders in Western countries. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is linked to primary stages of liver cancer development. Growth hormone (GH) regulates various vital processes such as energy supply and cellular regeneration. In addition, GH regulates various aspects of liver physiology through activating the Janus kinase (JAK) 2- signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 pathway. Consequently, disrupted GH - JAK2 - STAT5 signaling in the liver alters hepatic lipid metabolism and is associated with NAFLD development in humans and mouse models. Interestingly, while STAT5 as well as JAK2 deficiency correlates with hepatic lipid accumulation, recent studies suggest that these proteins have unique ambivalent functions in chronic liver disease progression and tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on the consequences of altered GH - JAK2 - STAT5 signaling for hepatic lipid metabolism and liver cancer development with an emphasis on lessons learned from genetic knockout models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kaltenecker
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madeleine Themanns
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina M Mueller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Spirk
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Suske
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreia Luís
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaonan Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, the Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences (ILAS), Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, PR China; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Kaltenecker D, Themanns M, Mueller KM, Spirk K, Golob-Schwarzl N, Friedbichler K, Kenner L, Haybaeck J, Moriggl R. STAT5 deficiency in hepatocytes reduces diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis in mice. Cytokine 2018; 124:154573. [PMID: 30377054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are closely linked and pose a major medical challenge as treatment options are limited. Animal studies have shown that genetic deletion of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 in liver is associated with higher susceptibility to fatty liver disease, fibrosis and cancer, indicating a protective role of hepatic STAT5 in mouse models of chronic liver disease. To investigate the role of STAT5 in the etiology of liver cancer in more detail, we applied the chemical carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to mice harboring a hepatocyte-specific deletion of Stat5 (S5KO). At 8 months after DEN injections, tumor formation in S5KO was significantly reduced. This was associated with diminished tumor frequency and less aggressive liver cancer progression. Apoptosis and inflammation markers were not changed in S5KO livers suggesting that the reduced tumor burden was not due to impaired inflammatory response. Despite reduced mRNA expression of the DEN bio-activator cytochrome P450 2e1 (Cyp2e1) in S5KO livers, protein levels were similar. Yet, delayed tumor formation in S5KO mice coincided with decreased activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK). Taken together, while STAT5 has a protective role in fatty liver-associated liver cancer, it exerts oncogenic functions in DEN-induced liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kaltenecker
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madeleine Themanns
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina M Mueller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Spirk
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Golob-Schwarzl
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria; Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; CBMed Core Lab2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Expression of the serotonin receptor 2B in uveal melanoma and effects of an antagonist on cell lines. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:123-134. [PMID: 29696577 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary tumor in the adult, and disseminates to the liver in half of patients. A 15-gene expression profile prognostic assay allows to determine the likelihood of metastasis in patients using their ocular tumor DNA, but a cure still remains to be discovered. The serotonin receptor 2B represents the discriminant gene of this molecular signature with the greatest impact on the prognosis of UM. However, its contribution to the metastatic potential of UM remains unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a selective serotonin receptor 2B antagonist on cellular and molecular behaviours of UM cells. UM cell lines expressing high level of serotonin receptor 2B proteins were selected by Western blotting. The selective serotonin receptor 2B antagonist PRX-08066 was evaluated for its impact on UM cells using viability assays, phosphorylated histone H3 immunostainings, clonogenic assays, migration assays, invasion assays and membrane-based protein kinase phosphorylation antibody arrays. The pharmacological inhibition of the serotonin receptor 2B reduced the viability of UM cells and the population in mitosis, and impaired their clonogenicity and potential of migration. It also decreased the phosphorylation of kinases from signaling pathways classically activated by the serotonin receptor 2B, as well as kinases β-catenin, Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2, and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. Our findings support a role for the serotonin receptor 2B in the proliferation and migration of UM cells, through activation of many signaling pathways such as WNT, Focal adhesion kinase and Janus kinase/STAT.
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24
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Jallow F, Brockman JL, Helzer KT, Rugowski DE, Goffin V, Alarid ET, Schuler LA. 17 β-Estradiol and ICI182,780 Differentially Regulate STAT5 Isoforms in Female Mammary Epithelium, With Distinct Outcomes. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:293-309. [PMID: 29594259 PMCID: PMC5842396 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) and estrogen cooperate in lobuloalveolar development of the mammary gland and jointly regulate gene expression in breast cancer cells in vitro. Canonical PRL signaling activates STAT5A/B, homologous proteins that have different target genes and functions. Although STAT5A/B are important for physiological mammary function and tumor pathophysiology, little is known about regulation of their expression, particularly of STAT5B, and the consequences for hormone action. In this study, we examined the effect of two estrogenic ligands, 17β-estradiol (E2) and the clinical antiestrogen, ICI182,780 (ICI, fulvestrant) on expression of STAT5 isoforms and resulting crosstalk with PRL in normal and tumor murine mammary epithelial cell lines. In all cell lines, E2 and ICI significantly increased protein and corresponding nascent and mature transcripts for STAT5A and STAT5B, respectively. Transcriptional regulation of STAT5A and STAT5B by E2 and ICI, respectively, is associated with recruitment of estrogen receptor alpha and increased H3K27Ac at a common intronic enhancer 10 kb downstream of the Stat5a transcription start site. Further, E2 and ICI induced different transcripts associated with differentiation and tumor behavior. In tumor cells, E2 also significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and stem cell-like activity, whereas ICI had no effect. To evaluate the role of STAT5B in these responses, we reduced STAT5B expression using short hairpin (sh) RNA. shSTAT5B blocked ICI-induced transcripts associated with metastasis and the epithelial mesenchymal transition in both cell types. shSTAT5B also blocked E2-induced invasion of tumor epithelium without altering E2-induced transcripts. Together, these studies indicate that STAT5B mediates a subset of protumorigenic responses to both E2 and ICI, underscoring the need to understand regulation of its expression and suggesting exploration as a possible therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatou Jallow
- Endocrinology/Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer L Brockman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kyle T Helzer
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Debra E Rugowski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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25
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Xu W, Bi Y, Kong J, Zhang J, Wang B, Li K, Tian M, Pan X, Shi B, Gu J, Jiang H, Kong X, Li Z. Combination of an anti-EGFRvIII antibody CH12 with Rapamycin synergistically inhibits the growth of EGFRvIII+PTEN-glioblastoma in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24752-65. [PMID: 27029073 PMCID: PMC5029739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are still unmet medical needs for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor worldwide. EGFRvIII, overexpressed in approximately 30% of GBM, has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we demonstrated that CH12, an anti-EGFRvIII monoclonal antibody, could significantly suppress the growth of EGFRvIII+ GBM in vivo; however, PTEN deficiency in GBM reduced the efficacy of CH12 by attenuating its effect on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. To overcome this problem, CH12 was combined with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, leading to a synergistic inhibitory effect on EGFRvIII+PTEN− GBM in vivo. Mechanistically, the synergistic antitumor effect was achieved via attenuating EGFR and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway more effectively and reversing the STAT5 activation caused by rapamycin treatment. Moreover, the combination therapy suppressed angiogenesis and induced cancer cell apoptosis more efficiently. Together, these results indicated that CH12 and rapamycin could synergistically suppress the growth of EGFRvIII+PTEN− GBM, which might have a potential clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyu Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kesang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianming Kong
- Renji Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Jin Y, Wu D, Yang W, Weng M, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Jin X, Wang T. Hepatitis B virus x protein induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating long non-coding RNA. Virol J 2017; 14:238. [PMID: 29258558 PMCID: PMC5735895 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been widely accepted that hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore the function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by HBx. METHODS The association between HBx and EMT markers was detected using immunohistochemistry in HCC tissues. The effect of HBx on HCC EMT was assessed through morphological analysis, transwell assay, metastatic in vivo study and detection of EMT markers. LncRNA microarray was used to screen the differently expressed lncRNAs. Small interfering RNA and Western blot were used to analyse the function and mechanism of the locked lncRNA. RESULTS HBx was negatively correlated with the epithelial marker E-cadherin but positively correlated with the mesenchymal marker vimentin in HCC tissues. HBx induced the mesenchymal phenotype and improved the metastatic ability of HCC cells. Meanwhile, HBx down-regulated E-cadherin, whereas it up-regulated vimentin. In HCC cells, HBx altered the expression of 2002 lncRNAs by more than 2-fold. One of them was ZEB2-AS1. Inhibition of ZEB2-AS1 can compensate for the EMT phenotype and reverse the expression of EMT markers regulated by HBx. Additionally, HBx affected the Wnt signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS HBx promotes HCC cell metastasis by inducing EMT, which is at least partly mediated by lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinji Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mingjiao Weng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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27
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Komuro A, Raja E, Iwata C, Soda M, Isogaya K, Yuki K, Ino Y, Morikawa M, Todo T, Aburatani H, Suzuki H, Ranjit M, Natsume A, Mukasa A, Saito N, Okada H, Mano H, Miyazono K, Koinuma D. Identification of a novel fusion gene HMGA2-EGFR in glioblastoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1627-1639. [PMID: 29193056 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant forms of cancer, for which no effective targeted therapy has been found. Although The Cancer Genome Atlas has provided a list of fusion genes in glioblastoma, their role in progression of glioblastoma remains largely unknown. To search for novel fusion genes, we obtained RNA-seq data from TGS-01 human glioma-initiating cells, and identified a novel fusion gene (HMGA2-EGFR), encoding a protein comprising the N-terminal region of the high-mobility group AT-hook protein 2 (HMGA2) fused to the C-terminal region of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which retained the transmembrane and kinase domains of the EGFR. This fusion gene product showed transforming potential and a high tumor-forming capacity in cell culture and in vivo. Mechanistically, HMGA2-EGFR constitutively induced a higher level of phosphorylated STAT5B than EGFRvIII, an in-frame exon deletion product of the EGFR gene that is commonly found in primary glioblastoma. Forced expression of HMGA2-EGFR enhanced orthotopic tumor formation of the U87MG human glioma cell line. Furthermore, the EGFR kinase inhibitor erlotinib blocked sphere formation of TGS-01 cells in culture and inhibited tumor formation in vivo. These findings suggest that, in addition to gene amplification and in-frame exon deletion, EGFR signaling can also be activated by gene fusion, suggesting a possible avenue for treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Komuro
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erna Raja
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Caname Iwata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Soda
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Isogaya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ino
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Melissa Ranjit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Kinslechner K, Schörghofer D, Schütz B, Vallianou M, Wingelhofer B, Mikulits W, Röhrl C, Hengstschläger M, Moriggl R, Stangl H, Mikula M. Malignant Phenotypes in Metastatic Melanoma are Governed by SR-BI and its Association with Glycosylation and STAT5 Activation. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:135-146. [PMID: 28974560 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is hallmarked by elevated glycolytic flux and alterations in cholesterol homeostasis. The contribution of cholesterol transporting receptors for the maintenance of a migratory and invasive phenotype is not well defined. Here, the scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1/SR-BI), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, was identified as an estimator of melanoma progression in patients. We further aimed to identify the SR-BI-controlled gene expression signature and its related cellular phenotypes. On the basis of whole transcriptome analysis, it was found that SR-BI knockdown, but not functional inhibition of its cholesterol-transporting capacity, perturbed the metastasis-associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Furthermore, SR-BI knockdown was accompanied by decreased migration and invasion of melanoma cells and reduced xenograft tumor growth. STAT5 is an important mediator of the EMT process and loss of SR-BI resulted in decreased glycosylation, reduced DNA binding, and target gene expression of STAT5. When human metastatic melanoma clinical specimens were analyzed for the abundance of SR-BI and STAT5 protein, a positive correlation was found. Finally, a novel SR-BI-regulated gene profile was determined, which discriminates metastatic from nonmetastatic melanoma specimens indicating that SR-BI drives gene expression contributing to growth at metastatic sites. Overall, these results demonstrate that SR-BI is a highly expressed receptor in human metastatic melanoma and is crucial for the maintenance of the metastatic phenotype.Implications: High SR-BI expression in melanoma is linked with increased cellular glycosylation and hence is essential for a metastasis-specific expression signature. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 135-46. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kinslechner
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Schörghofer
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Schütz
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Vallianou
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Wingelhofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Röhrl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Mikula
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Gao Y, Li W, Liu R, Guo Q, Li J, Bao Y, Zheng H, Jiang S, Hua B. Norcantharidin inhibits IL-6-induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the JAK2/STAT3/TWIST signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1224-1232. [PMID: 28677802 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays a vital role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and metastasis. Norcantharidin (NCTD; 7-oxabicyclo (2.2.1) heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride) plays anticancer roles in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. However, the molecular mechanism of HCC EMT and the effects of NCTD in the HCC EMT process have been either poorly elucidated or not studied. In this study, HCC EMT was induced by the treatment of IL-6 and various concentrations of NCTD (0, 30, 60 and 120 µM) were treated with HCC cell lines, HCCLM3 and SMMC-7721. We investigated the effect of NCTD on the invasion of HCC cells by using Transwell assay. Immunofluorescence staining, western blot analysis and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the protein and mRNA expression levels of HCC cells. Here, using cell line models, our data demonstrated that interleukin 6 (IL-6) induced EMT through the JAK/STAT3/TWIST pathway in HCC. Moreover, our studies revealed that NCTD markedly inhibited IL-6-induced EMT and cell invasiveness. Signaling studies revealed that NCTD sufficiently suppressed JAK/STAT3/TWIST signaling to reverse the IL-6-promoting effects. Collectively, these data provide evidence for the use of NCTD as a potential anticancer drug in HCC metastatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebo Gao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272111, P.R. China
| | - Yanju Bao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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Asano T, Yamada S, Fuchs BC, Takami H, Hayashi M, Sugimoto H, Fujii T, Tanabe KK, Kodera Y. Clinical implication of Frizzled 2 expression and its association with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1647-1654. [PMID: 28350091 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an initial, critical step in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor invasion and metastasis. Frizzled 2 (Fzd2) expression might drive EMT through the non-canonical Wnt pathway, one of the various EMT signaling pathways. The expression of epithelial (E-cadherin) and mesenchymal (vimentin) markers, as well as that of Wnt5b, Stat3, IL-6, Jak2 and Fzd2, were measured in 15 HCC cell lines. The EMT status (vimentin to E-cadherin mRNA expression ratio), Fzd2 mRNA expression, and pSTAT3 protein expression were assessed by immunostaining in 100 HCC patients, and correlations of their expression with clinicopathological factors and prognosis were analyzed. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness were assessed after Fzd2 knockdown. Fzd2 expression was significantly correlated with a mesenchymal phenotype in the HCC cell lines. Treatment of the cell lines with Fzd2 siRNA resulted in significantly reduced migration and invasiveness but did not affect proliferation. A significant correlation was detected between the EMT status and Fzd2 expression in the HCC patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that Fzd2 expression was an independent predictor of recurrence (P=0.034). Patients with high Fzd2 expression had significantly poorer recurrence‑free survival than those with low expression (P=0.03). Finally, pSTAT3 expression was significantly correlated with the EMT and Fzd2 status (P=0.0028, and P=0.0066, respectively). Fzd2 expression induced EMT and enhanced cell migration and invasiveness, and it might be a novel predictor of HCC recurrence. Furthermore, Stat3 might be controlled by both the Wnt5/Fzd2 and IL-6/Jak2 signaling pathways and play an important role in EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Asano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Kong F, You H, Tang R, Zheng K. The regulation of proteins associated with the cytoskeleton by hepatitis B virus X protein during hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2514-2520. [PMID: 28454428 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major malignant disease worldwide, and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the primary causes for this type of cancer. Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is a non-structural protein encoded by the viral genome that has significant effects on the pathogenesis of HCC. With the development of high-throughput assays and technologies, the abnormal HBx-induced expression of certain cellular proteins with assorted biological functions has been investigated. These target proteins identified by various methods include specific proteins associated with the cellular cytoskeleton, which contribute to HBx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. In addition, the cytoskeletal proteins deregulated by HBx are involved in cell morphogenesis, adhesion, migration and proliferation. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the expression profiles of HBx-associated cytoskeletal proteins, as well as their complex functions and underlying mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis. Considering that the potential therapeutics for various types of tumors may function through the stabilization of cytoskeletal proteins in order to restrict cellular movement and limit intracellular processes, clarifying the mechanisms underlying protein-associated cytoskeleton dysregulation by HBx may provide novel possibilities and potent therapeutic targets for HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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Indole-3- carbinol enhances sorafenib cytotoxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells: A mechanistic study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32733. [PMID: 27612096 PMCID: PMC5017213 DOI: 10.1038/srep32733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is the only chemotherapeutic agent currently approved for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, poor response rates have been widely reported. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a potential chemopreventive phytochemical. The present study aimed to explore the potential chemomodulatory effects of I3C on sorafenib in HCC cells as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. I3C exhibited a greater cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells compared to Huh-7 cells (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the co-treatment of HepG2 cells with I3C and sorafenib was more effective (p = 0.002). Accordingly, subsequent mechanistic studies were carried on HepG2 cells. The results show that the ability of I3C to enhance sorafenib cytotoxicity in HCC cells could be partially attributed to increasing the apoptotic activity and decreasing the angiogenic potentials. The combination had a negative effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increased NOX-1 expression was also observed which may indicate the involvement of NOX-1 in I3C chemomodulatory effects. Additionally, the combination induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence that I3C enhances sorafenib anti-cancer activity in HCC cells.
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33
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Fu B, Meng W, Zhao H, Zhang B, Tang H, Zou Y, Yao J, Li H, Zhang T. GRAM domain-containing protein 1A (GRAMD1A) promotes the expansion of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cell and hepatocellular carcinoma growth through STAT5. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31963. [PMID: 27585821 PMCID: PMC5009375 DOI: 10.1038/srep31963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause for cancer death worldwide, new prognostic factors and targets are critical for HCC treatment. Here, we found GRAMD1A was upregulated in HCC tissues, patients with high GRAMD1A levels had poor outcome, statistical analyses found GRAMD1A expression was positively correlated with pathologic differentiation and survival or mortality. It was an unfavorable prognostic factor for HCC patients. Functional analyses revealed GRAMD1A contributed to the self-renewal of HCC stem cells, resistance to chemotherapy and tumor growth of HCC determined by hepatosphere formation assay, side population (SP) analysis, TUNEL assay, soft agar growth ability assay and tumor growth model in vivo. Mechanism analyses found signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) was the target of GRAMD1A, GRAMD1A regulated the target genes of STAT5 and the transcriptional activity of STAT5. Inhibition of STAT5 in indicated HCC cells overexpressing GRAMD1A suppressed the effects of GRAMD1A on the self-renewal of HCC stem cell, resistance to chemotherapy and tumor growth, suggesting GRAMD1A promoted the self-renewal of HCC stem cells and the development of HCC by increasing STAT5 level. GRAMD1A might be a useful biomarker and target for HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Self Renewal/physiology
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Liver Neoplasms/complications
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/biosynthesis
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Binsheng Fu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
| | - Heping Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Liver Transplantation Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, P. R. China
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Weinhouse C, Sartor MA, Faulk C, Anderson OS, Sant KE, Harris C, Dolinoy DC. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis implicates neuronal and inflammatory signaling pathways in adult murine hepatic tumorigenesis following perinatal exposure to bisphenol A. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:435-46. [PMID: 27334623 PMCID: PMC4945497 DOI: 10.1002/em.22024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to the endocrine-active compound bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to epigenotoxic and potential carcinogenic effects in rodent liver, prostate, and mammary glands. A dose-dependent increase in hepatic tumors in 10-month mice perinatally exposed to one of three doses of BPA (50 ng, 50 µg, or 50 mg BPA/kg chow) was previously reported. These tumors represent early-onset disease and lack classical sexual dimorphism in incidence. Here, adult epigenome-wide liver DNA methylation profiles to identify gene promoters associated with perinatal BPA exposure and disease in 10-month mice with and without liver tumors were investigated. Mice with hepatic tumors showed 12,822 (1.8%) probes with differential methylation as compared with non-tumor animals, of which 8,656 (67.5%) were hypomethylated. A significant enrichment of differential methylation in Gene Ontology (GO) terms and biological processes related to morphogenesis and development, and epigenomic alteration were observed. Pathway enrichment revealed a predominance of hypermethylated neuronal signaling pathways linked to energy regulation and metabolic function, supporting metabolic consequences in the liver via BPA-induced disruption of neuronal signaling pathways. Hypothesis-driven pathway analysis revealed mouse and human genes linked to BPA exposure related to intracellular Jak/STAT and MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings are indicators of the relevance of the hepatic tumor phenotype seen in BPA-exposed mice to human health. This work demonstrated that epigenome-wide discovery experiments in animal models were effective tools for identification and understanding of paralagous epimutations salient to human disease. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:435-446, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Weinhouse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Faulk
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Olivia S. Anderson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karilyn E. Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Craig Harris
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Mitchell J, Tinkey PT, Avritscher R, Van Pelt C, Eskandari G, George SK, Xiao L, Cressman E, Morris JS, Rashid A, Kaseb AO, Amin HM, Uthamanthil R. Validation of a Preclinical Model of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Neoplasia in Yucatan Miniature Pigs. Oncology 2016; 91:90-100. [PMID: 27305144 PMCID: PMC5432216 DOI: 10.1159/000446074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to reduce the time to tumor onset in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) swine model via partial liver embolization (PLE) and to characterize the model for use in translational research. METHODS Eight Yucatan miniature pigs were injected intraperitoneally with either saline (n = 2) or DEN (n = 6) solution weekly for 12 weeks. Three of the DEN-treated pigs underwent PLE. The animals underwent periodic radiological evaluation, liver biopsy, and blood sampling, and full necropsy was performed at study termination (∼29 months). RESULTS All DEN-treated pigs developed hepatic adenoma and HCC. PLE accelerated the time to adenoma development but not to HCC development. Biomarker analysis results showed that IGF1 levels decreased in all DEN-treated pigs as functional liver capacity decreased with progression of HCC. VEGF and IL-6 levels were positively correlated with disease progression. Immunohistochemical probing of HCC tissues demonstrated the expression of several important survival-promoting proteins. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate an accelerated development of hepatic neoplasia in Yucatan miniature pigs. Our HCC swine model closely mimics the human condition (i.e., progressive disease stages and expression of relevant molecular markers) and is a viable translational model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mitchell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Peggy T. Tinkey
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rony Avritscher
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carolyn Van Pelt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ghazaleh Eskandari
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Suraj Konnath George
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Erik Cressman
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey S. Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ahmed O. Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hesham M. Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Rajesh Uthamanthil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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36
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Sumiyoshi H, Matsushita A, Nakamura Y, Matsuda Y, Ishiwata T, Naito Z, Uchida E. Suppression of STAT5b in pancreatic cancer cells leads to attenuated gemcitabine chemoresistance, adhesion and invasion. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3216-26. [PMID: 27035235 PMCID: PMC4869940 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid malignancies, and there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies based on the molecular biology of PDAC. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) are known to be activated in a variety of malignancies and involved in tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, whereas the expression and biological role of STAT5b in PDAC are less clearly defined. In the present study, we examined the expression and role of STAT5b in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Expressions of STAT5b mRNA and protein were detected in eight kinds of pancreatic cancer cells. Confocal microscopy and western blot analysis indicated that STAT5b is localized in both cytoplasm and nuclei. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5b in pancreatic cancer cells. These results indicate that STAT5b in pancreatic cancer cells is constitutively activated. STAT5b shRNA clones in PANC-1 cells, which express relatively high levels of STAT5b, exhibited reduced chemoresistance against gemcitabine, adhesion and invasion compared to sham. On the other hand, AsPC-1 and BxPC3 cells, which express relatively low levels of STAT5b, exhibited reduced chemoresistance compared to PANC-1 cells. Moreover, STAT5b overexpression clones in AsPC-1 cells exhibited increased chemoresistance compared to sham. STAT5b shRNA clones in PANC-1 cells were more sensitive to the proapoptotic actions of gemcitabine, as evidenced by PARP and cleaved caspase-3 activation. Gemcitabine also significantly reduced Bcl-xL levels in the STAT5b shRNA-expressing cells. We also investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of STAT5b expression of PDAC. Although a significant correlation between STAT5b expression and overall survival rates was not observed, a significant correlation with main pancreatic duct invasion was observed. These findings suggest that STAT5b confers gemcitabine chemoresistance and promotes cell adherence and invasiveness in pancreatic cancer cells. Targeting STAT5b may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsushita
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Nakamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zenya Naito
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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RNAi-mediated gene silencing of ST6GalNAc I suppresses the metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:85-97. [PMID: 25532910 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ST6GalNAc I is a sialyltransferase controlling the expression of sialyl-Tn antigen (STn), which is overexpressed in several epithelial cancers, including gastric cancer, and is highly correlated with cancer metastasis. However, the functional contribution of ST6GalNAc I to development or progression of gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of suppression of ST6GalNAc I on gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Gastric cancer cell lines were transfected with ST6GalNAc I siRNA and were examined by cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays. We also evaluated the effect of ST6GalNAc I siRNA treatment in a peritoneal dissemination mouse model. The differences in mRNA levels of selected signaling molecules were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays associated with tumor metastasis in MKN45 cells. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) signaling pathways that reportedly regulate the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS ST6GalNAc I siRNA inhibited gastric cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of ST6GalNAc I siRNA- liposome significantly inhibited peritoneal dissemination and prolonged the survival of xenograft model mice with peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. PCR array confirmed that suppression of ST6GalNAc I caused a significant reduction in expression of IGF-1 mRNA. Decreased IGF-1 expression in MKN45 cells treated with ST6GalNAc I siRNA was accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of STAT5b. CONCLUSION ST6GalNAc I may regulate the gene expression of IGF-1 through STAT5b activation in gastric cancer cells and may be a potential target for treatment of metastasizing gastric cancer.
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Zhu F, Duan YF, Bao WY, Liu WS, Yang Y, Cai HH. HtrA1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:589-94. [PMID: 26403966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the development and progression of cancer. HtrA1 had been showed to play a modulatory role in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The relationship between HtrA1 and EMT in HCC was investigated in the present study. METHODS The HtrA1 expression in human HCC tumor tissues and cells was determined by real-time PCR. SiRNA-HtrA1 and pcDNA-HtrA1 were respectively transfected into HepG2 and MHCC97H cells to observe their effects on cell migration and expression of EMT-associated markers Vimentin and E-cadherin. The relationship between HtrA1 and EMT in 60 HCC patients was also investigated. RESULTS HtrA1 expression of tumor tissues was down-regulated with the increasing of number in lymph nodes metastasis in HCC patients. HtrA1 down-regulation led to the significant increase of cell migration, Vimentin expression and decrease of E-cadherin expression, while HtrA1 overexpression resulted in an opposite function. The HtrA1 expression was positively related to the E-cadherin level (R(2) = 0.5903, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with Vimentin level (R(2) = 0.6067, P < 0.001) in tumor tissues of HCC, respectively. CONCLUSION HtrA1 expression was closely related to EMT, which might be a potential mechanism underlying metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yun-Fei Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wan-Yuan Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Song Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Hua Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
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Targeting JAK kinase in solid tumors: emerging opportunities and challenges. Oncogene 2015; 35:939-51. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Zhang C, Guo F, Xu G, Ma J, Shao F. STAT3 cooperates with Twist to mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1872-82. [PMID: 25653024 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, to date, the association of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) with EMT, and its mediated tumor invasion and metastasis in HCC, remain elusive. We investigated the relationship between STAT3 activation and EMT, and the underlying mechanisms involved in HCC progression. By stable transfection, we successfully overexpressed STAT3 in low metastatic SMMC7721 cells and silenced STAT3 expression in high metastatic MHCC97H cells. The EMT-associated molecular HCC cell changes were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemical methods. The EMT-mediated HCC cell invasion and migration were evaluated by a Transwell cell invasion and cell migration assay, respectively. The interaction between STAT3 and Twist (a key EMT inducer) was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In the present study, we found that STAT3 overexpression significantly reduced E-cadherin and β-cadherin, and it enhanced N-cadherin and vimentin expression in the SMMC7721 cells. STAT3 knockdown significantly increased E-cadherin and β-cadherin, and it decreased N-cadherin and vimentin expression in the MHCC97H cells. Meanwhile, a dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that STAT3 may bind the Twist promoter, mediate its transcriptional activity, and then promote the EMT process in HCC cells. STAT3 activation-mediated EMT also evidently enhanced HCC cell invasion and migration. In summary, the present study demonstrated for the first time that STAT3 may cooperate with Twist to mediate EMT and induce HCC invasion and metastasis. Activated STAT3, Twist, and EMT markers may serve as potential molecular targets in the prevention and/or treatment of HCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Fenglin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Geliang Xu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Shao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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Pivonello C, De Martino MC, Negri M, Cuomo G, Cariati F, Izzo F, Colao A, Pivonello R. The GH-IGF-SST system in hepatocellular carcinoma: biological and molecular pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:27. [PMID: 25225571 PMCID: PMC4164328 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Different signalling pathways have been identified to be implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC; among these, GH, IGF and somatostatin (SST) pathways have emerged as some of the major pathways implicated in the development of HCC. Physiologically, GH-IGF-SST system plays a crucial role in liver growth and development since GH induces IGF1 and IGF2 secretion and the expression of their receptors, involved in hepatocytes cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. On the other hand, somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are exclusively present on the biliary tract. Importantly, the GH-IGF-SST system components have been indicated as regulators of hepatocarcinogenesis. Reduction of GH binding affinity to GH receptor, decreased serum IGF1 and increased serum IGF2 production, overexpression of IGF1 receptor, loss of function of IGF2 receptor and appearance of SSTRs are frequently observed in human HCC. In particular, recently, many studies have evaluated the correlation between increased levels of IGF1 receptors and liver diseases and the oncogenic role of IGF2 and its involvement in angiogenesis, migration and, consequently, in tumour progression. SST directly or indirectly influences tumour growth and development through the inhibition of cell proliferation and secretion and induction of apoptosis, even though SST role in hepatocarcinogenesis is still opened to argument. This review addresses the present evidences suggesting a role of the GH-IGF-SST system in the development and progression of HCC, and describes the therapeutic perspectives, based on the targeting of GH-IGF-SST system, which have been hypothesised and experimented in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina De Martino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | | | - Federica Cariati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- National Cancer Institute G Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
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Schlederer M, Mueller KM, Haybaeck J, Heider S, Huttary N, Rosner M, Hengstschläger M, Moriggl R, Dolznig H, Kenner L. Reliable quantification of protein expression and cellular localization in histological sections. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100822. [PMID: 25013898 PMCID: PMC4094387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In targeted therapy, patient tumors are analyzed for aberrant activations of core cancer pathways, monitored based on biomarker expression, to ensure efficient treatment. Thus, diagnosis and therapeutic decisions are often based on the status of biomarkers determined by immunohistochemistry in combination with other clinical parameters. Standard evaluation of cancer specimen by immunohistochemistry is frequently impeded by its dependence on subjective interpretation, showing considerable intra- and inter-observer variability. To make treatment decisions more reliable, automated image analysis is an attractive possibility to reproducibly quantify biomarker expression in patient tissue samples. We tested whether image analysis could detect subtle differences in protein expression levels. Gene dosage effects generate well-graded expression patterns for most gene-products, which vary by a factor of two between wildtype and haploinsufficient cells lacking one allele. We used conditional mouse models with deletion of the transcription factors Stat5ab in the liver as well Junb deletion in a T-cell lymphoma model. We quantified the expression of total or activated STAT5AB or JUNB protein in normal (Stat5ab+/+ or JunB+/+), hemizygous (Stat5ab+/Δ or JunB+/Δ) or knockout (Stat5abΔ/Δ or JunBΔ/Δ) settings. Image analysis was able to accurately detect hemizygosity at the protein level. Moreover, nuclear signals were distinguished from cytoplasmic expression and translocation of the transcription factors from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was reliably detected and quantified using image analysis. We demonstrate that image analysis supported pathologists to score nuclear STAT5AB expression levels in immunohistologically stained human hepatocellular patient samples and decreased inter-observer variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susanne Heider
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Huttary
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Rosner
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Unit for Translational Methods in Cancer Research University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni Vienna), Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (HD); (LK)
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni Vienna), Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (HD); (LK)
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43
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Panebianco C, Saracino C, Pazienza V. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: molecular pathways of hepatitis viruses-induced hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7307-15. [PMID: 24833096 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common tumor and the third cause of death for cancer in the world. Among the main causative agents of this tumor is the chronic infection by hepatitis viruses B and C, which establish a context of chronic inflammation degenerating in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and, finally, cancer. Recent findings, however, indicate that hepatitis viruses are not only responsible for cancer onset but also for its progression towards metastasis. Indeed, they are able to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process of cellular reprogramming underlying tumor spread. In this manuscript, we review the currently known molecular mechanisms by which hepatitis viruses induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and, thus, hepatocellular carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Panebianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" IRCCS Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
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44
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Yamada S, Okumura N, Wei L, Fuchs BC, Fujii T, Sugimoto H, Nomoto S, Takeda S, Tanabe KK, Kodera Y. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is associated with shorter disease-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:3882-90. [PMID: 24833103 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in cancer cell invasion and metastasis as well as chemoresistance. Elucidation of EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) might contribute to deeper understanding of its biology. METHODS Overall, 100 patients with HCC, who underwent resection, were analyzed. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and the mesenchymal marker Vimentin were measured, and the EMT status of each patient was determined as follows: Vimentin/E-cadherin <2 = Epithelial (E), Vimentin/E-cadherin ≥2 = Mesenchymal (M). The correlation between these values and clinicopathological factors and prognosis were analyzed statistically. Moreover, the expression of transcription factors involved in EMT (Twist-1, Snail, Slug, Zeb-1, and Zeb-2) were measured and the role of interleukin (IL)-6 in inducing EMT and chemoresistance was examined. RESULTS Patients with a mesenchymal tumor were more prone to have an earlier recurrence than those with an epithelial tumor. EMT-inducing transcription factors were more highly expressed in mesenchymal tumors than in epithelial tumors, and Twist-1 and Zeb-2 were significantly overexpressed. α-Fetoprotein (AFP) values were significantly higher in patients with epithelial tumors, and AFP-expressing HCC cell lines were more responsive to sorafenib. IL-6 expression was significantly higher in mesenchymal tumors, and knockdown of IL-6 in mesenchymal HCC cell lines increased E-cadherin expression and sensitivity to sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of surgically resected tumors suggests that EMT is involved in early disease recurrence in HCC. Twist-1 and Zeb-2 might be important for inducing EMT, and IL-6 might be a potential therapeutic target for alleviating the chemoresistance of mesenchymal HCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan,
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45
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Bharadwaj M, Roy G, Dutta K, Misbah M, Husain M, Hussain S. Tackling hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma--the future is now. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 32:229-68. [PMID: 23114844 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal and prevalent cancers in many developing countries including India. Among the various etiological factors being implicated in the cause of HCC, the most important cause, however, is hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Among all HBV genes, HBx is the most critical carcinogenic component, the molecular mechanisms of which have not been completely elucidated. Despite its clinical significance, there exists a very elemental understanding of the molecular, cellular, and environmental mechanisms that drive disease pathogenesis in HCC infected with HBV. Furthermore, there are only limited therapeutic options, the clinical benefits of which are insignificant. Therefore, the quest for novel and effective therapeutic regimen against HBV-related HCC is of paramount importance. This review attempts to epitomize the current state of knowledge of this most common and dreaded liver neoplasm, highlighting the putative treatment avenues and therapeutic research strategies that need to be implemented with immediate effect for tackling HBV-related HCC that has plagued the medical and scientific fraternity for decades. Additionally, this review proposes a novel "five-point" management algorithm for HBV-related HCC apart from portraying the unmet needs, principal challenges, and scientific perspectives that are relevant to controlling this accelerating global health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, India.
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46
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Teng J, Wang X, Xu Z, Tang N. HBx-dependent activation of Twist mediates STAT3 control of epithelium-mesenchymal transition of liver cells. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1097-104. [PMID: 23161342 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of liver cells with HBx expression on epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT) change using Western blot analysis and Transwell assay to assess EMT-related protein expression and cell mobility. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were used to test the Twist promoter containing different STAT3 binding loci. Electrophoretic mobility band-shift assay (EMSA) was used to detect Twist activity. Results showed that HBx expression affected the EMT-related protein expression and the cell mobility of liver cancer cells (MHCC97) and liver cells (HL-7702) in vitro or in vivo. These proteins exhibited reversed expression to a certain extent after Twist inhibition. In addition, the wound-healing capability and the mobility of HL-7702/HBx cells were lower than those treated with control-siRNA. The expressions of p-STAT3 and Twist were positively correlated with HBx expression. The second STAT-3 binding sequence in the Twist promoter region of the HL-7702/HBx cells was the first locus. Twist activity in the HL-7702/HBx2 cells was higher than that in HL-7702 cells. Moreover, the activity decreased when the cells were treated with HBx-siRNA to inhibit HBx expression, or with STAT3 inhibitor to reduce STAT3 activation. Therefore, Twist is essential for the regulation of the mobility of liver cells with HBx expression. HBx activates the Twist promoter by activating STAT3 and promotes EMT occurrence in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Teng
- Medical Laboratory, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, China
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47
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Bourgeais J, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Gouilleux F. Oxidative metabolism in cancer: A STAT affair? JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e25764. [PMID: 24416651 PMCID: PMC3876433 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.25764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 and STAT5 (STAT3/5) proteins are crucial mediators of cytokine- or growth factor-induced cell survival and proliferation. These transcription factors are frequently overactivated in a variety of solid tumors and hematopoietic neoplasms and are targets of various oncogenes with tyrosine kinase activity. STAT3/5 proteins regulate expression of genes involved in survival and proliferation in the nucleus and interact with signaling pathways in the cytoplasm. Evidences for a cross-talk between STAT3/5 and oxidative metabolism have recently emerged. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the cross-regulation between STAT3/5 and oxidative metabolism in normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérome Bourgeais
- CNRS UMR 7292; Université F. Rabelais; Faculté de Médecine; Tours, France
| | - Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart
- CNRS UMR 7292; Université F. Rabelais; Faculté de Médecine; Tours, France ; CHRU de Tours; Department of Immunology; Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- CNRS UMR 7292; Université F. Rabelais; Faculté de Médecine; Tours, France
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48
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STAT5b as molecular target in pancreatic cancer--inhibition of tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastases. Neoplasia 2013; 14:915-25. [PMID: 23097626 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients suffering from pancreatic cancer is still poor and novel therapeutic options are urgently needed. Recently, the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) was associated with tumor progression in human solid cancer. Hence, we assessed whether STAT5b might serve as an anticancer target in ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma (DPAC). We found that nuclear expression of STAT5b can be detected in approximately 50% of DPAC. Blockade of STAT5b by stable shRNA-mediated knockdown showed no effects on tumor cell growth in vitro. However, inhibition of tumor cell motility was found even in response to stimulation with epidermal growth factor or interleukin-6. These findings were paralleled by a reduction of prometastatic and proangiogenic factors in vitro. Subsequent in vivo experiments revealed a strong growth inhibition on STAT5b blockade in subcutaneous and orthotopic models. These findings were paralleled by impaired tumor angiogenesis in vivo. In contrast to the subcutaneous model, the orthotopic model revealed a strong reduction of tumor cell proliferation that emphasizes the meaning of assessing targets in an appropriate microenvironment. Taken together, our results suggest that STAT5b might be a potential novel target for human DPAC.
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49
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Latha K, Li M, Chumbalkar V, Gururaj A, Hwang Y, Dakeng S, Sawaya R, Aldape K, Cavenee WK, Bogler O, Furnari FB. Nuclear EGFRvIII-STAT5b complex contributes to glioblastoma cell survival by direct activation of the Bcl-XL promoter. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:509-20. [PMID: 22729867 PMCID: PMC3802533 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant EGFR signaling strongly promotes glioma malignancy and treatment resistance. The most prevalent mutation, ΔEGFR/EGFRvIII, is an in-frame deletion of the extracellular domain, which occurs in more than 25% of glioblastomas and enhances growth and survival of tumor cells. Paradoxically, the signaling of the potent oncogene ΔEGFR is of low intensity, raising the question of whether it exhibits preferential signaling to key downstream targets. We have observed levels of phosphorylation of STAT5 at position Y699 in cells expressing ΔEGFR that are similar or higher than in cells that overexpress EGFR and are acutely stimulated with EGF, prompting us to investigate the role of STAT5 activation in glioblastoma. Here, we show that in human glioblastoma samples, pSTAT5 levels correlated positively with EGFR expression and were associated with reduced survival. Interestingly, the activation of STAT5b downstream of ΔEGFR was dependent on SFKs, while the signal from acutely EGF-stimulated EGFR to STAT5b involved other kinases. Phosphorylated STAT5b and ΔEGFR associated in the nucleus, bound DNA and were found on promoters known to be regulated by STAT5 including that of the Aurora A gene. ΔEGFR cooperated with STAT5b to regulate the Bcl-XL promoter and knockdown of STAT5b suppressed anchorage independent growth, reduced the levels of Bcl-XL and sensitized glioblastoma cells to cisplatin. Together these results delineate a novel association of nuclear ΔEGFR with STAT5b, which promotes oncogenesis and treatment resistance in glioblastoma by direct regulation of anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-XL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatri Latha
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA.
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50
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MIMA KOSUKE, HAYASHI HIROMITSU, KUROKI HIDEYUKI, NAKAGAWA SHIGEKI, OKABE HIROHISA, CHIKAMOTO AKIRA, WATANABE MASAYUKI, BEPPU TORU, BABA HIDEO. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition expression profiles as a prognostic factor for disease-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical significance of transforming growth factor-β signaling. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:149-154. [PMID: 23255911 PMCID: PMC3525349 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in cancer invasion and metastasis, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is a potent inducer of EMT. However, the clinical significance of the correlation between EMT marker expression and TGF-β signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remains unknown. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of EMT markers and phospho-Smad2 nuclear positivity, and their association with clinicopathological features in 150 HCC patients. E-cadherin(high)/vimentin(low) and E-cadherin(low)/vimentin(high) expression profiles were determined in 55 (36.7%) and 21 (14.0%) patients, respectively. The E-cadherin(low)/vimentin(high) expression profile was significantly correlated with poor tumor differentiation (P<0.001), vascular invasion (P=0.007) and extrahepatic recurrence following curative surgery (P=0.026). Furthermore, the E-cadherin(low)/vimentin(high) expression profile was significantly correlated with shorter disease-free survival compared to E-cadherin(high)/vimentin(low) (P=0.002). Forty-one patients (27.3%) were demonstrated to have high phospho-Smad2 nuclear positivity, which was significantly correlated with the E-cadherin(low)/vimentin(high) expression profile (P<0.001). In conclusion, this study suggests that EMT expression profiles are useful prognostic markers for disease-free survival in HCC patients, and that the E-cadherin(low)/vimentin(high) expression profile is closely associated with high-grade malignant behavior such as tumoral vascular invasion and metastasis in HCC. Additionally, TGF-β-mediated EMT may play an important role in the aggressiveness of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- KOSUKE MIMA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - HIROMITSU HAYASHI
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - HIDEYUKI KUROKI
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - SHIGEKI NAKAGAWA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - HIROHISA OKABE
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - AKIRA CHIKAMOTO
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - MASAYUKI WATANABE
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - TORU BEPPU
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
| | - HIDEO BABA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556,
Japan
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