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Langhammer M, Schöpf J, Jaquet T, Horn K, Angel M, Spohr C, Christen D, Uhl FM, Maié T, Jacobi H, Feyerabend TB, Huber J, Panning M, Sitaru C, Costa I, Zeiser R, Aumann K, Becker H, Braunschweig T, Koschmieder S, Shoumariyeh K, Huber M, Schemionek-Reinders M, Brummer T, Halbach S. Mast cell deficiency prevents BCR::ABL1 induced splenomegaly and cytokine elevation in a CML mouse model. Leukemia 2023:10.1038/s41375-023-01916-x. [PMID: 37161070 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) represents a problem in the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Hence, it is of utmost importance to explore the underlying mechanisms to develop new therapeutic approaches to cure CML. Using the genetically engineered ScltTA/TRE-BCR::ABL1 mouse model for chronic phase CML, we previously demonstrated that the loss of the docking protein GAB2 counteracts the infiltration of mast cells (MCs) in the bone marrow (BM) of BCR::ABL1 positive mice. Here, we show for the first time that BCR::ABL1 drives the cytokine independent expansion of BM derived MCs and sensitizes them for FcεRI triggered degranulation. Importantly, we demonstrate that genetic mast cell deficiency conferred by the Cpa3Cre allele prevents BCR::ABL1 induced splenomegaly and impairs the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we show in CML patients that splenomegaly is associated with high BM MC counts and that upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patient serum samples correlates with tryptase levels. Finally, MC-associated transcripts were elevated in human CML BM samples. Thus, our study identifies MCs as essential contributors to disease progression and suggests considering them as an additional target in CML therapy. Mast cells play a key role in the pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment of the bone marrow. Shown is a cartoon summarizing our results from the mouse model. BCR::ABL1 transformed MCs, as part of the malignant clone, are essential for the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, known to be important in disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Langhammer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schöpf
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timo Jaquet
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Angel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Spohr
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Christen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Maria Uhl
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tiago Maié
- Institute for Computational Genomics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henrike Jacobi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten B Feyerabend
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Huber
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cassian Sitaru
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Aumann
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becker
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Khalid Shoumariyeh
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirle Schemionek-Reinders
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Halbach
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Therapeutic targeting of dormant cancer stem cells in solid tumors. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Pearson S, Whetton AD, Pierce A. Combination of curaxin and tyrosine kinase inhibitors display enhanced killing of primitive Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266298. [PMID: 35358275 PMCID: PMC8970494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the big increase in precision medicine targeted therapies developing curative treatments for many cancers is still a major challenge due mainly to the development of drug resistance in cancer stem cells. The cancer stem cells are constantly evolving to survive and targeted drug treatment often increases the selective pressure on these cells from which the disease develops. Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a paradigm of cancer stem cell research. Targeted therapies to the causative oncogene, BCR/ABL, have been developed but drug resistance remains a problem. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting BCR/ABL were transformative in the management of CML. However, patients are rarely cured as the tyrosine kinase inhibitors fail to eradicate the leukaemic stem cell which often leads to loss of response to therapy as drug resistance develops and progression to more fatal forms of acute leukaemia occurs. New treatment strategies targeting other entities within the leukemic stem cell either alone or in combination with tyrosine kinase are therefore required. Drawing on our previous published work on the development of potential novel targets in CML and other myeloproliferative diseases along with analysis of the facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) complex in CML we hypothesised that curaxin, a drug that targets the FACT complex and is in clinical trial for the treatment of other cancers, could be of use in the treatment of CML. We therefore assessed the curaxin CBL0137 as a new agent to extinguish CML primitive cells and show its ability to preferentially target CML cells compared to healthy control cells, especially in combination with clinically relevant tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Pearson
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D. Whetton
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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4
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Eliminating chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells by IRAK1/4 inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:271. [PMID: 35022428 PMCID: PMC8755781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are quiescent, insensitive to BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and responsible for CML relapse. Therefore, eradicating quiescent CML LSCs is a major goal in CML therapy. Here, using a G0 marker (G0M), we narrow down CML LSCs as G0M- and CD27- double positive cells among the conventional CML LSCs. Whole transcriptome analysis reveals NF-κB activation via inflammatory signals in imatinib-insensitive quiescent CML LSCs. Blocking NF-κB signals by inhibitors of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1/4 (IRAK1/4 inhibitors) together with imatinib eliminates mouse and human CML LSCs. Intriguingly, IRAK1/4 inhibitors attenuate PD-L1 expression on CML LSCs, and blocking PD-L1 together with imatinib also effectively eliminates CML LSCs in the presence of T cell immunity. Thus, IRAK1/4 inhibitors can eliminate CML LSCs through inhibiting NF-κB activity and reducing PD-L1 expression. Collectively, the combination of TKIs and IRAK1/4 inhibitors is an attractive strategy to achieve a radical cure of CML.
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5
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Ianniciello A, Zarou MM, Rattigan KM, Scott M, Dawson A, Dunn K, Brabcova Z, Kalkman ER, Nixon C, Michie AM, Copland M, Vetrie D, Ambler M, Saxty B, Helgason GV. ULK1 inhibition promotes oxidative stress-induced differentiation and sensitizes leukemic stem cells to targeted therapy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd5016. [PMID: 34586834 PMCID: PMC7612079 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of autophagy has been proposed as a potential therapy for individuals with cancer. However, current lysosomotropic autophagy inhibitors have demonstrated limited efficacy in clinical trials. Therefore, validation of novel specific autophagy inhibitors using robust preclinical models is critical. In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), minimal residual disease is maintained by persistent leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which drive tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance and patient relapse. Here, we show that deletion of autophagy-inducing kinase ULK1 (unc-51–like autophagy activating kinase 1) reduces growth of cell line and patient-derived xenografted CML cells in mouse models. Using primitive cells, isolated from individuals with CML, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of ULK1 selectively targets CML LSCs ex vivo and in vivo, when combined with TKI treatment. The enhanced TKI sensitivity after ULK1-mediated autophagy inhibition is driven by increased mitochondrial respiration and loss of quiescence and points to oxidative stress–induced differentiation of CML LSCs, proposing an alternative strategy for treating patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ianniciello
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Martha M. Zarou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kevin M. Rattigan
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Mary Scott
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Amy Dawson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen Dunn
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Zuzana Brabcova
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Eric R. Kalkman
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Alison M. Michie
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
| | - David Vetrie
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Martin Ambler
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Barbara Saxty
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - G. Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Yahata T, Ibrahim AA, Hirano KI, Muguruma Y, Naka K, Hozumi K, Vaughan DE, Miyata T, Ando K. Targeting of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity promotes elimination of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Haematologica 2021; 106:483-494. [PMID: 32001531 PMCID: PMC7849585 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.230227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies that target leukemic stem cells (LSC) provide potential advantages in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here we showed that selective blockade of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) enhances the susceptibility of CML-LSC to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), which facilitates the eradication of CML-LSC and leads to sustained remission of the disease. We demonstrated for the first time that the TGF-−PAI-1 axis was selectively augmented in CMLLSC in the bone marrow (BM), thereby protecting CML-LSC from TKI treatment. Furthermore, the combined administration of the TKI imatib plus a PAI-1 inhibitor, in a mouse model of CML, significantly enhanced the eradication of CML cells in the BM and prolonged the survival of CML mice. The combined therapy of imatinib and a PAI-1 inhibitor prevented the recurrence of CML-like disease in serially transplanted recipients, indicating the elimination of CML-LSC. Interestingly, PAI-1 inhibitor treatment augmented membrane-type matrix metalloprotease-1 (MT1-MMP)-dependent motility of CML-LSC, and the anti-CML effect of PAI-1 inhibitor was extinguished by the neutralizing antibody for MT1-MMP, underlining the mechanistic importance of MT1-MMP. Our findings provide evidence of, and a rationale for, a novel therapeutic tactic, based on the blockade of PAI- 1 activity, for CML patients.
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7
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Liu T, Peng XC, Li B. The Metabolic Profiles in Hematological Malignancies. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2019; 35:625-634. [PMID: 31741613 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-019-01107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is one of the most aggressive hematological malignancies. Leukemia stem cells account for the poor prognosis and relapse of the disease. Decades of investigations have been performed to figure out how to eradicate the leukemia stem cells. It has also been known that cancer cells especially solid cancer cells use energy differently than most of the cell types. The same thing happens to leukemia. Since there are metabolic differences between the hematopoietic stem cells and their immediate descendants, we aim at manipulating the energy sources with which that could have an effect on leukemia stem cells while sparing the normal blood cells. In this review we summarize the metabolic characteristics of distinct leukemias such as acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, T cell lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other leukemia associated hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndrome. A better understanding of the metabolic profiles in distinct leukemias might provide novel perspectives and shed light on novel metabolic targeting strategies towards the clinical treatment of leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518131 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Chun Peng
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518131 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- 2Department of Pathology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Center, CAS, Huaihai Road 966, Shanghai City, 200031 Shanghai People's Republic of China
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8
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Hidayat M, Mitsuishi Y, Takahashi F, Tajima K, Yae T, Miyahara K, Hayakawa D, Winardi W, Ihara H, Koinuma Y, Wirawan A, Nurwidya F, Kato M, Kobayashi I, Sasaki S, Takamochi K, Hayashi T, Suehara Y, Moriyama M, Moriyama H, Habu S, Takahashi K. Role of FBXW7 in the quiescence of gefitinib-resistant lung cancer stem cells in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2019; 19:355-367. [PMID: 31202256 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in intrinsic resistance to cancer treatment. Maintenance of quiescence is crucial for establishing resistance of CSCs to cancer therapeutics. F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBXW7) is a ubiquitin ligase that regulates quiescence by targeting the c-MYC protein for ubiquitination. We previously reported that gefitinib-resistant persisters (GRPs) in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells highly expressed octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) as well as the lung CSC marker CD133, and they exhibited distinctive features of the CSC phenotype. However, the role of FBXW7 in lung CSCs and their resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC is not fully understood. In this study, we developed GRPs from the two NSCLC cell lines PC9 and HCC827, which express an EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation, by treatment with a high concentration of gefitinib. The GRPs from both PC9 and HCC827 cells expressed high levels of CD133 and FBXW7, but low levels of c-MYC. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the majority of GRPs existed in the G0/G1 phase. Knockdown of the FBXW7 gene significantly reduced the cell number of CD133-positive GRPs and reversed the cell population in the G0/G1-phase. We also found that FBXW7 expression in CD133-positive cells was increased and c-MYC expression was decreased in gefitinib-resistant tumors of PC9 cells in mice and in 9 out of 14 tumor specimens from EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to gefitinib. These findings suggest that FBXW7 plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of quiescence in gefitinib-resistant lung CSCs in EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulid Hidayat
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Agarwal P, Isringhausen S, Li H, Paterson AJ, He J, Gomariz Á, Nagasawa T, Nombela-Arrieta C, Bhatia R. Mesenchymal Niche-Specific Expression of Cxcl12 Controls Quiescence of Treatment-Resistant Leukemia Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:769-784.e6. [PMID: 30905620 PMCID: PMC6499704 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) originates in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transformed by the breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-abelson (ABL) oncogene and is effectively treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs do not eliminate disease-propagating leukemic stem cells (LSCs), suggesting a deeper understanding of niche-dependent regulation of CML LSCs is required to eradicate disease. Cxcl12 is expressed in bone marrow niches and controls HSC maintenance, and here, we show that targeted deletion of Cxcl12 from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) reduces normal HSC numbers but promotes LSC expansion by increasing self-renewing cell divisions, possibly through enhanced Ezh2 activity. In contrast, endothelial cell-specific Cxcl12 deletion decreases LSC proliferation, suggesting niche-specific effects. During CML development, abnormal clusters of colocalized MSCs and LSCs form but disappear upon Cxcl12 deletion. Moreover, MSC-specific deletion of Cxcl12 increases LSC elimination by TKI treatment. These findings highlight a critical role of niche-specific effects of Cxcl12 expression in maintaining quiescence of TKI-resistant LSC populations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/genetics
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/physiology
- Organ Specificity
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Stem Cell Niche/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Agarwal
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephan Isringhausen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew J Paterson
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianbo He
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Álvaro Gomariz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - César Nombela-Arrieta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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10
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El Eit R, Itani AR, Nassar F, Rasbieh N, Jabbour M, Santina A, Zaatari G, Mahon FX, Bazarbachi A, Nasr R. Antitumor efficacy of arsenic/interferon in preclinical models of chronic myeloid leukemia resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer 2019; 125:2818-2828. [PMID: 31034603 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Despite their clinical success, TKIs are faced with challenges such as treatment resistance, which may be driven by kinase domain mutations, and frequent disease relapse upon the cessation of treatment. The combination of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and interferon-α (IFN) was previously demonstrated to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in CML cell lines, prolong the survival of primary wild-type CML mice, and dramatically decrease the activity of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). METHODS The ATO/IFN combination was tested in vitro on imatinib (IMN)-resistant K562-R and Ar230-R cells. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assays were used to evaluate proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The acridine orange assay was used to assess autophagy, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the involvement of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway. In vivo, a retroviral transduction/transplantation T315I BCR-ABL CML mouse model was used to assay the effect of the treatment on survival, tumor burden (histopathology and blood counts), and LIC activity (secondary transplantation). RESULTS In vitro, ATO/IFN synergized to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of IMN-resistant cells with variant modes of resistance. Furthermore, the preclinical effects of ATO/IFN were associated with induction of autophagy along with inhibition of the Hh pathway. Most remarkably, ATO/IFN significantly prolonged the survival of primary T315I-CML mice and displayed a dramatic impairment of disease engraftment in secondary mice, which reflected decreased LIC activity. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the ATO/IFN strategy has been demonstrated to have the potential to lead to durable remissions in TKI-resistant CML preclinical models and to overcome various TKI-specific mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab El Eit
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdul Rahman Itani
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Nassar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nagham Rasbieh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mark Jabbour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Santina
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghazi Zaatari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - François-Xavier Mahon
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 876, Laboratory of Hematology and Department of Blood Diseases, University Hospital Center of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Godavarthy PS, Kumar R, Herkt SC, Pereira RS, Hayduk N, Weissenberger ES, Aggoune D, Manavski Y, Lucas T, Pan KT, Voutsinas JM, Wu Q, Müller MC, Saussele S, Oellerich T, Oehler VG, Lausen J, Krause DS. The vascular bone marrow niche influences outcome in chronic myeloid leukemia via the E-selectin - SCL/TAL1 - CD44 axis. Haematologica 2019; 105:136-147. [PMID: 31018977 PMCID: PMC6939533 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.212365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosteal bone marrow niche and vascular endothelial cells provide sanctuaries for leukemic cells. In murine chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) CD44 on leukemia cells and E-selectin on bone marrow endothelium are essential mediators for the engraftment of leukemic stem cells. We hypothesized that non-adhesion of CML-initiating cells to E-selectin on the bone marrow endothelium may lead to superior eradication of leukemic stem cells in CML after treatment with imatinib than imatinib alone. Indeed, here we show that treatment with the E-selectin inhibitor GMI-1271 in combination with imatinib prolongs survival of mice with CML via decreased contact time of leukemia cells with bone marrow endothelium. Non-adhesion of BCR-ABL1+ cells leads to an increase of cell cycle progression and an increase of expression of the hematopoietic transcription factor and proto-oncogene Scl/Tal1 in leukemia-initiating cells. We implicate SCL/TAL1 as an indirect phosphorylation target of BCR-ABL1 and as a negative transcriptional regulator of CD44 expression. We show that increased SCL/TAL1 expression is associated with improved outcome in human CML. These data demonstrate the BCR-ABL1-specific, cell-intrinsic pathways leading to altered interactions with the vascular niche via the modulation of adhesion molecules - which could be exploited therapeutically in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie C Herkt
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine DRK- Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Raquel S Pereira
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Hayduk
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva S Weissenberger
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Djamel Aggoune
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yosif Manavski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tina Lucas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kuan-Ting Pan
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jenna M Voutsinas
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Biostatistics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qian Wu
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Biostatistics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susanne Saussele
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vivian G Oehler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Division of Hematology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joern Lausen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine DRK- Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela S Krause
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany .,German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
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12
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Leukemia Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis, Progression, and Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1143:95-128. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7342-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Steinbichler TB, Dudás J, Skvortsov S, Ganswindt U, Riechelmann H, Skvortsova II. Therapy resistance mediated by cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:156-167. [PMID: 30471331 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) possess abilities generally associated with embryonic or adult stem cells, especially self-renewal and differentiation. The CSC model assumes that this subpopulation of cells sustains malignant growth, which suggests a hierarchical organization of tumors in which CSCs are on top and responsible for the generation of intratumoral heterogeneity. Effective tumor therapy requires the eradication of CSC as they can support regrowth of the tumor resulting in recurrence. However, eradication of CSC is difficult because they frequently are therapy resistant. Therapy resistance is mediated by the acquisition of dormancy, increased DNA repair and drug efflux capacity, decreased apoptosis as well as the interaction between CSC and their supporting microenvironment, the CSC niche. This review highlights the role of CSC in chemo- and radiotherapy resistance as well as possible ways to overcome CSC mediated therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - József Dudás
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria.
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14
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Restricted cell cycle is essential for clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance of pre-leukemic stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3535. [PMID: 30166543 PMCID: PMC6117297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-leukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) give rise to leukemic stem cells through acquisition of additional gene mutations and are an important source of relapse following chemotherapy. We postulated that cell-cycle kinetics of pre-LSCs may be an important determinant of clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance. Using a doxycycline-inducible H2B-GFP transgene in a mouse model of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to study cell cycle in vivo, we show that self-renewal, clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance are limited to a rare population of pre-LSCs with restricted cell cycle. We show that proliferative pre-LSCs are unable to return to a cell cycle-restricted state. Cell cycle-restricted pre-LSCs have activation of p53 and its downstream cell-cycle inhibitor p21. Furthermore, absence of p21 leads to proliferation of pre-LSCs, with clonal extinction through loss of asymmetric cell division and terminal differentiation. Thus, inducing proliferation of pre-LSCs represents a promising strategy to increase cure rates for acute leukemia.
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15
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Chaurasiya S, Chen NG, Warner SG. Oncolytic Virotherapy versus Cancer Stem Cells: A Review of Approaches and Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E124. [PMID: 29671772 PMCID: PMC5923379 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that a subset of cells within tumors are resistant to conventional treatment modalities and may be responsible for disease recurrence. These cells are called cancer stem cells (CSC), which share properties with normal stem cells including self-renewal, pluripotency, drug resistance, and the ability to maintain quiescence. While most conventional therapies can efficiently destroy rapidly dividing cancer cells comprising the bulk of a tumor, they often fail to kill the less abundant and quiescent CSCs. Furthermore, killing of only differentiated cells in the tumor may actually allow for enrichment of CSCs and thereby portend a bad prognosis. Therefore, targeting of CSCs is important to achieve long-term success in cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses represent a completely different class of therapeutics that can kill cancer cells in a variety of ways, which differ from those of conventional therapies. Hence, CSCs that are inherently resistant to conventional therapies may be susceptible to oncolytic virus-mediated killing. Recent studies have shown that oncolytic viruses can efficiently kill CSCs in many types of cancer. Here, we discuss the mechanism through which CSCs can escape conventional therapies and how they may still be susceptible to different classes of oncolytic viruses. Furthermore, we provide a summary of recent studies that have tested oncolytic viruses on CSCs of different origins and discuss possible future directions for this fascinating subset of oncolytic virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyambabu Chaurasiya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Nanhai G Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
- Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Hematologic and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
- Gene Editing and Viral Vector Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Susanne G Warner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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16
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Liao Q, Wang B, Li X, Jiang G. miRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3666-3682. [PMID: 27705921 PMCID: PMC5356910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs found throughout the eukaryotes that control the expression of a number of genes involved in commitment and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and tumorigenesis. Widespread dysregulation of miRNAs have been found in hematological malignancies, including human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A comprehensive understanding of the role of miRNAs within the complex regulatory networks that are disrupted in malignant AML cells is a prerequisite for the development of therapeutic strategies employing miRNA modulators. Herein, we review the roles of emerging miRNAs and the miRNAs regulatory networks in AML pathogenesis, prognosis, and miRNA-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liao
- Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Dseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Jinan University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Bingping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Dseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Dseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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17
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ChREBP promotes the differentiation of leukemia-initiating cells to inhibit leukemogenesis through the TXNIP/RUNX1 pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38347-38358. [PMID: 27224916 PMCID: PMC5122394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) is the key to eradicating leukemia and preventing its relapse. Recent studies have indicated that metabolic regulation may play a critical role in the maintenance of stemness in LICs, although the detailed mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein, we provide intriguing evidence showing that a glucose-responsive transcription factor, carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), served as a tumor suppressor rather than an oncogene, as previously described, to inhibit the development of acute myeloid leukemia by promoting the differentiation of LICs. Using an MLL-AF9-induced murine leukemia model, we demonstrated that the deletion of ChREBP resulted in the blockage of the differentiation of LICs and significantly reduced survival in ChREBP-null leukemic mice. However, ChREBP was not required for the normal repopulation abilities of hematopoietic stem cells. ChREBP promoted leukemia cell differentiation through the direct inhibition of RUNX1 or the transactivation of TXNIP to downregulate the RUNX1 level and ROS generation. Moreover, knockdown of ChREBP in human leukemia THP1 cells led to markedly enhanced proliferation and decreased differentiation upon PMA treatment. Collectively, we unraveled an unexpected role of ChREBP in leukemogenesis, which may provide valuable clues for developing novel metabolic strategies for leukemia treatment.
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18
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Russo A, Perri M, Cione E, Di Gioia ML, Nardi M, Cristina Caroleo M. Biochemical and chemical characterization of Cynara cardunculus L. extract and its potential use as co-adjuvant therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:184-191. [PMID: 28323047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ancient mediterranean diet was characterized by consuming the spontaneous forms of Cynara cardunculus L. (CCL), commonly called artichoke. Cultivated and/or spontaneous forms of CC studies have demonstrated that methanol extract of CCL flower and/or cynaropicrin showed remarkable anti-proliferative activity in vitro models of leukocyte cancer cell. AIM OF THE STUDY Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with a reciprocal translocation of the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 generating the BCR/ABL fusion gene, translated in the p210BCR/ABL oncoprotein kinase. This chimeric protein is the target of a kinase inhibitor, imatinib, but the development of mutations in the ABL kinase domain resulting in drug resistance and several approaches to overcoming resistance have been study. In this concern, we investigated the effect of CCL extract on human K562 CML and K562 imatinib resistant (IMAR) cell proliferation and on p210BCR/ABL expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical characterization of the CCL extracts was performed by GC/MS analysis and semipreparative RP-HPLC chromatography. Structural characterization of compounds was assessed by 1H-13C NMR and LC/MS analysis. The effects of CCL extracts on the proliferation of K562 CML human cell line and K562 IMAR were screened by MTT assay. The p210BCR/ABL mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot techniques respectively. RESULTS We demonstrate that CCL extract affect cell viability of both K562 CML human cell line and K562 IMAR. The biocomponents of CCL were chemical characterized and we identify cynaropicrin and its deacyl derivative having the capability to down-regulate the p210BCR/ABL oncoprotein. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the use of those molecules could represent a novel and promising strategy to potentiate the ability of imatinib or of its analogues to induce cancer growth arrest in CML and to delay or overcome the resistance of CML to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Russo
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Mariarita Perri
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
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19
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Elias HK, Khalaj M, Park CY. Divergent roles of miR-126 in normal and malignant stem cells. Transl Cancer Res 2016; 5:S328-S331. [PMID: 33088733 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2016.07.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harold K Elias
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - Mona Khalaj
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA.,Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA.,Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, NY, USA.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
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20
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MIP-1α/CCL3-expressing basophil-lineage cells drive the leukemic hematopoiesis of chronic myeloid leukemia in mice. Blood 2016; 127:2607-17. [PMID: 27006388 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-673087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophilia is a frequently observed hematological abnormality in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but its pathophysiological roles are undefined. We previously demonstrated that an inflammatory chemokine, CCL3, preferentially acts on normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and crucially contributes to the maintenance of leukemia initiating cells (LICs) in bone marrow (BM) during the initiation process of CML. However, the major cellular source of CCL3 in BM and the precise mechanism of CCL3-mediated maintenance of LICs remain to be investigated. To delineate the cellular process facilitating this CCL3-mediated crosstalk between normal and leukemic hematopoiesis, we precisely examined CCL3-expressing cells and their functions in both normal hematopoiesis and CML leukemogenesis. Herein, we demonstrate that basophils can constitutively express CCL3 to negatively regulate the normal hematopoietic process, especially hematopoietic reconstitution after BM transplantation. Moreover, CCL3-expressing basophil-like leukemia cells were found to accumulate in CML BM and supported the predominant expansion of LICs therein. These observations suggest that intra-BM basophil expansion can favor leukemia-tropic hematopoiesis in CML by providing CCL3, a potent inhibitor of normal hematopoiesis and that basophil-derived CCL3 may be a novel target molecule for the treatment of CML.
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21
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Lechman ER, Gentner B, Ng SWK, Schoof EM, van Galen P, Kennedy JA, Nucera S, Ciceri F, Kaufmann KB, Takayama N, Dobson SM, Trotman-Grant A, Krivdova G, Elzinga J, Mitchell A, Nilsson B, Hermans KG, Eppert K, Marke R, Isserlin R, Voisin V, Bader GD, Zandstra PW, Golub TR, Ebert BL, Lu J, Minden M, Wang JCY, Naldini L, Dick JE. miR-126 Regulates Distinct Self-Renewal Outcomes in Normal and Malignant Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:214-28. [PMID: 26832662 PMCID: PMC4749543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate miRNA function in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells (LSC), we generated a prognostic LSC-associated miRNA signature derived from functionally validated subpopulations of AML samples. For one signature miRNA, miR-126, high bioactivity aggregated all in vivo patient sample LSC activity into a single sorted population, tightly coupling miR-126 expression to LSC function. Through functional studies, miR-126 was found to restrain cell cycle progression, prevent differentiation, and increase self-renewal of primary LSC in vivo. Compared with prior results showing miR-126 regulation of normal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) cycling, these functional stem effects are opposite between LSC and HSC. Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis demonstrates that miR-126 targets the PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling pathway, preserving LSC quiescence and promoting chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Lechman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy; Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Stanley W K Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Peter van Galen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - James A Kennedy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Silvia Nucera
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy; Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Kerstin B Kaufmann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Dobson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aaron Trotman-Grant
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gabriela Krivdova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Janneke Elzinga
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Amanda Mitchell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Karin G Hermans
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kolja Eppert
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Rene Marke
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, Netherlands
| | - Ruth Isserlin
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Veronique Voisin
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Todd R Golub
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mark Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jean C Y Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Room 8-301, 101 College Street, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada.
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22
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Expression of multidrug resistance 1 gene in association with CXCL12 in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Pathology 2015; 46:623-9. [PMID: 25393253 DOI: 10.1097/pat.0000000000000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Even though the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib significantly improves the prognosis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) patients, drug resistance is a major obstacle to better management. We examined the interaction of recently defined bone marrow microenvironment factors CXCL12 and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the bone marrow of CML patients in the chronic phase and blast crisis.Expression levels of mRNA extracted from frozen specimens of CML patients were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of the ABC transporters MDR1, ABCC1, ABCG2, and CXCL12 was significantly higher in the bone marrow samples of CML blast crisis than in those of CML chronic phase. Immunohistochemical staining for CXCL12 revealed that the proportion of CXCL12 positive reticular cell areas correlated well with the mRNA levels of CXCL12 in CML bone marrow. Finally, co-culture experiments of K562 CML cells with CXCL12 expressing mesenchymal cells (OP9 cells or human CXCL12 transfected 3T3 cells) revealed enhanced mRNA levels for MDR1 in a CXCL12 rich environment.These results suggest that imatinib treatment restores the bone marrow microenvironment in CML with the presence of CXCL12 expressing reticular cells but in turn induces the overexpression of MDR1 in haematopoietic cells due to up-regulated expression of CXCL12.
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23
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Abstract
The introduction of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in 1998 transformed the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), leading to significantly reduced mortality and improved 5 year survival rates. However, the CML community is faced with several clinical issues that need to be addressed. Ten to 15% of CML patients are diagnosed in advanced phase, and small numbers of chronic phase (CP) cases experience disease progression each year during treatment. For these patients, TKIs induce only transient responses and alternative treatment strategies are urgently required. Depending on choice of first line TKI, approximately 30% of CML CP cases show suboptimal responses, due to a combination of poor compliance, drug intolerance, and drug resistance, with approximately 50% of TKI-resistance caused by kinase domain mutations and the remainder due to unknown mechanisms. Finally, the chance of successful treatment discontinuation is on the order of only 10-20% related to disease persistence. Disease persistence is a poorly understood phenomenon; all CML patients have functional Philadelphia positive (Ph+) stem and progenitor cells in their bone marrows and continue to express BCR-ABL1 by DNA PCR, even when in very deep remission and following treatment discontinuation. What controls the maintenance of these persisting cells, whether it is necessary to fully eradicate the malignant clone to achieve cure, and how that might be approached therapeutically are open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa L Holyoake
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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24
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Kharabi Masouleh B, Chevet E, Panse J, Jost E, O'Dwyer M, Bruemmendorf TH, Samali A. Drugging the unfolded protein response in acute leukemias. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:87. [PMID: 26179601 PMCID: PMC4504168 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced signaling cascade, is mediated by three major stress sensors IRE-1α, PERK, and ATF6α. Studies described the UPR as a critical network in selection, adaptation, and survival of cancer cells. While previous reviews focused mainly on solid cancer cells, in this review, we summarize the recent findings focusing on acute leukemias. We take into account the impact of the underlying genetic alterations of acute leukemia cells, the leukemia stem cell pool, and provide an outline on the current genetic, clinical, and therapeutic findings. Furthermore, we shed light on the important oncogene-specific regulation of individual UPR signaling branches and the therapeutic relevance of this information to answer the question if the UPR could be an attractive novel target in acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Kharabi Masouleh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Eric Chevet
- Université Rennes 1 - ER_440 "Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling", Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Jens Panse
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Jost
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael O'Dwyer
- Apoptosis Research Centre (ARC), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tim H Bruemmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre (ARC), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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25
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Schubbert S, Cardenas A, Chen H, Garcia C, Guo W, Bradner J, Wu H. Targeting the MYC and PI3K pathways eliminates leukemia-initiating cells in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7048-59. [PMID: 25287161 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Disease relapse remains the major clinical challenge in treating T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), particularly those with PTEN loss. We hypothesized that leukemia-initiating cells (LIC) are responsible for T-ALL development and treatment relapse. In this study, we used a genetically engineered mouse model of Pten(-/-) T-ALL with defined blast and LIC-enriched cell populations to demonstrate that LICs are responsible for therapeutic resistance. Unlike acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, LICs in T-ALL were actively cycling, were distinct biologically, and responded differently to targeted therapies in comparison with their differentiated blast cell progeny. Notably, we found that T-ALL LICs could be eliminated by cotargeting the deregulated pathways driven by PI3K and Myc, which are altered commonly in human T-ALL and are associated with LIC formation. Our findings define critical events that may be targeted to eliminate LICs in T-ALL as a new strategy to treat the most aggressive relapsed forms of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Schubbert
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anjelica Cardenas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California
| | - Harrison Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Consuelo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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26
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Baba T, Mukaida N. Role of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α/CCL3 in leukemogenesis. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e29899. [PMID: 27308309 PMCID: PMC4905173 DOI: 10.4161/mco.29899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The biologic function of the CC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α/CCL3) has been extensively studied since its initial identification as a macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator. In addition to its proinflammatory activities, CCL3 negatively regulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). On the basis of this unique function, CCL3 is alternatively referred to as a stem cell inhibitor. This property has prompted many researchers to investigate the effects of CCL3 on normal physiologic hematopoiesis and pathophysiologic processes of hematopoietic malignancies. Consequently, there is accumulating evidence supporting a crucial involvement of CCL3 in the pathophysiology of several types of leukemia arising from neoplastic transformation of HSPCs. In this review we discuss the roles of CCL3 in leukemogenesis and its potential value as a target in a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Baba
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation; Cancer Research Institute; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation; Cancer Research Institute; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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27
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Ringel F, Kaeda J, Schwarz M, Oberender C, Grille P, Dörken B, Marque F, Manley PW, Radimerski T, le Coutre P. Effects of Jak2 type 1 inhibitors NVP-BSK805 and NVP-BVB808 on Jak2 mutation-positive and Bcr-Abl-positive cell lines. Acta Haematol 2014; 132:75-86. [PMID: 24504330 DOI: 10.1159/000356784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinases are critical components of signaling pathways that regulate hematopoiesis. Mutations of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase JAK2 are found in many BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Preclinical results support that JAK2 inhibitors could show efficacy in treating chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. JAK2 has also been postulated to play a role in BCR-ABL signal transduction. Therefore, inhibitors of JAK2 kinases are turning into therapeutic strategies for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In this study, the effects of two novel JAK2 inhibitors, NVP-BSK805 and NVP-BVB808, have been investigated in cell lines expressing either BCR-ABL or mutant JAK2. Possible synergies between NVP-BSK805/NVP-BVB808 and the kinase inhibitors imatinib and nilotinib were assessed. Proliferation and apoptosis tests with both substances showed response in the following cell lines: CHRF-288-11, SET-2 and UKE-1. All BCR-ABL-positive cell lines showed some reduction in proliferation, but with half-maximal growth-inhibitory values >1 µM. Combination of the JAK2 inhibitors with imatinib and nilotinib showed no significant additive or synergistic effects, although all BCR-ABL-positive cell lines responded well to both CML therapeutic agents. Interestingly, it seemed that the combination of imatinib with NVP-BSK805 had a protective effect on the cells. Combination treatment with nilotinib did not show this effect.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Janus Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Mutation
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/drug therapy
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/enzymology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Quinoxalines/administration & dosage
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ringel
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Sharma M, Hudson JB, Adomat H, Guns E, Cox ME. <i>In Vitro</i> Anticancer Activity of Plant-Derived Cannabidiol on Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2014.58091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Philips ST, Hildenbrand ZL, Oravecz-Wilson KI, Foley SB, Mgbemena VE, Ross TS. Toward a therapeutic reduction of imatinib refractory myeloproliferative neoplasm-initiating cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:5379-90. [PMID: 24240679 PMCID: PMC4025985 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) such as chronic myelogenous (CML) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemias (CMML) are frequently induced by tyrosine kinase oncogenes. Although these MPNs are sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, patients often relapse upon withdrawal of therapy. We used a model of MPN, which is induced by co-expression of the oncoproteins HIP1/PDGFβR (H/P) and AML1/ETO (A/E) from their endogenous loci, to examine the mechanisms of disease development and recurrence following imatinib withdrawal. Although the MPN displayed a full hematologic response to imatinib, 100% of the diseased mice relapsed upon drug withdrawal. MPN persistence was not due to imatinib resistance mutations in the H/P oncogene or massive gene expression changes. Within one week of imatinib treatment, more than 98% of gene expression changes induced by the oncogenes in isolated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (LSKs) normalized. Supplementation of imatinib with G-CSF or arsenic trioxide reduced MPN-initiating cell frequencies and the combination of imatinib with arsenic trioxide cured a large fraction of mice with MPNs. In contrast, no mice in the imatinib-treated control cohorts were cured. These data suggest that treatment with a combination of arsenic trioxide and imatinib can eliminate refractory MPN-initiating cells and reduce disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Philips
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Z L Hildenbrand
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - S B Foley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - V E Mgbemena
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - T S Ross
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
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30
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Wolyniec K, Carney DA, Haupt S, Haupt Y. New Strategies to Direct Therapeutic Targeting of PML to Treat Cancers. Front Oncol 2013; 3:124. [PMID: 23730625 PMCID: PMC3656422 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor function of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein was first identified as a result of its dysregulation in acute promyelocytic leukemia, however, its importance is now emerging far beyond hematological neoplasms, to an extensive range of malignancies, including solid tumors. In response to stress signals, PML coordinates the regulation of numerous proteins, which activate fundamental cellular processes that suppress tumorigenesis. Importantly, PML itself is the subject of specific post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, phosphorylation, acetylation, and SUMOylation, which in turn control PML activity and stability and ultimately dictate cellular fate. Improved understanding of the regulation of this key tumor suppressor is uncovering potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Targeting the key negative regulators of PML in cancer cells such as casein kinase 2, big MAP kinase 1, and E6-associated protein, with specific inhibitors that are becoming available, provides unique and exciting avenues for restoring tumor suppression through the induction of apoptosis and senescence. These approaches could be combined with DNA damaging drugs and cytokines that are known to activate PML. Depending on the cellular context, reactivation or enhancement of tumor suppressive PML functions, or targeted elimination of aberrantly functioning PML, may provide clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wolyniec
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dennis A. Carney
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
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31
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Takeishi S, Matsumoto A, Onoyama I, Naka K, Hirao A, Nakayama KI. Ablation of Fbxw7 eliminates leukemia-initiating cells by preventing quiescence. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:347-61. [PMID: 23518349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib eradicates dividing progenitor cells of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but does not effectively target nondividing leukemia-initiating cells (LICs); thus, the disease often relapse after its discontinuation. We now show that Fbxw7 plays a pivotal role in maintenance of quiescence in LICs of CML by reducing the level of c-Myc. Abrogation of quiescence in LICs by Fbxw7 ablation increased their sensitivity to imatinib, and the combination of Fbxw7 ablation with imatinib treatment resulted in a greater depletion of LICs than of normal hematopoietic stem cells in mice. Purging of LICs by targeting Fbxw7 to interrupt their quiescence and subsequent treatment with imatinib may thus provide the basis for a promising therapeutic approach to CML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Benzamides/therapeutic use
- Cell Cycle
- Down-Regulation
- F-Box Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- F-Box Proteins/genetics
- F-Box Proteins/metabolism
- F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/physiology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Takeishi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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32
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Yu S, Jing X, Colgan JD, Zhao DM, Xue HH. Targeting tetramer-forming GABPβ isoforms impairs self-renewal of hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 11:207-19. [PMID: 22862946 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are both capable of self-renewal, with HSCs sustaining multiple blood lineage differentiation and LSCs indefinitely propagating leukemia. The GABP complex, consisting of DNA binding GABPα subunit and transactivation GABPβ subunit, critically regulates HSC multipotency and self-renewal via controlling an essential gene regulatory module. Two GABPβ isoforms, GABPβ1L and GABPβ2, contribute to assembly of GABPα(2)β(2) tetramer. We demonstrate that GABPβ1L/β2 deficiency specifically impairs HSC quiescence and survival, with little impact on cell cycle or apoptosis in differentiated blood cells. The HSC-specific effect is mechanistically ascribed to perturbed integrity of the GABP-controlled gene regulatory module in HSCs. Targeting GABPβ1L/β2 also impairs LSC self-renewal in p210(BCR-ABL)-induced chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and exhibits synergistic effects with tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib therapy in inhibiting CML propagation. These findings identify the tetramer-forming GABPβ isoforms as specific HSC regulators and potential therapeutic targets in treating LSC-based hematological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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33
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SPARC expression in CML is associated to imatinib treatment and to inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:60. [PMID: 23383963 PMCID: PMC3570354 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SPARC is a matricellular glycoprotein with growth-inhibitory and antiangiogenic activity in some cell types. The study of this protein in hematopoietic malignancies led to conflicting reports about its role as a tumor suppressor or promoter, depending on its different functions in the tumor microenvironment. In this study we investigated the variations in SPARC production by peripheral blood cells from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients at diagnosis and after treatment and we identified the subpopulation of cells that are the prevalent source of SPARC. Methods We evaluated SPARC expression using real-time PCR and western blotting. SPARC serum levels were detected by ELISA assay. Finally we analyzed the interaction between exogenous SPARC and imatinib (IM), in vitro, using ATP-lite and cell cycle analysis. Results Our study shows that the CML cells of patients at diagnosis have a low mRNA and protein expression of SPARC. Low serum levels of this protein are also recorded in CML patients at diagnosis. However, after IM treatment we observed an increase of SPARC mRNA, protein, and serum level in the peripheral blood of these patients that had already started at 3 months and was maintained for at least the 18 months of observation. This SPARC increase was predominantly due to monocyte production. In addition, exogenous SPARC protein reduced the growth of K562 cell line and synergized in vitro with IM by inhibiting cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Conclusion Our results suggest that low endogenous SPARC expression is a constant feature of BCR/ABL positive cells and that IM treatment induces SPARC overproduction by normal cells. This exogenous SPARC may inhibit CML cell proliferation and may synergize with IM activity against CML.
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34
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Targeting transcription factor SALL4 in acute myeloid leukemia by interrupting its interaction with an epigenetic complex. Blood 2013; 121:1413-21. [PMID: 23287862 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-424275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An exciting recent approach to targeting transcription factors in cancer is to block formation of oncogenic complexes. We investigated whether interfering with the interaction of the transcription factor SALL4, which is critical for leukemic cell survival, and its epigenetic partner complex represents a novel therapeutic approach. The mechanism of SALL4 in promoting leukemogenesis is at least in part mediated by its repression of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) through its interaction with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex. In this study, we demonstrate that a peptide can compete with SALL4 in interacting with the HDAC complex and reverse its effect on PTEN repression. Treating SALL4-expressing malignant cells with this peptide leads to cell death that can be rescued by a PTEN inhibitor. The antileukemic effect of this peptide can be confirmed on primary human leukemia cells in culture and in vivo, and is identical to that of down-regulation of SALL4 in these cells using an RNAi approach. In summary, our results demonstrate a novel peptide that can block the specific interaction between SALL4 and its epigenetic HDAC complex in regulating its target gene, PTEN. Furthermore, targeting SALL4 with this approach could be an innovative approach in treating leukemia.
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35
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Ahmed W, Van Etten RA. Alternative approaches to eradicating the malignant clone in chronic myeloid leukemia: tyrosine-kinase inhibitor combinations and beyond. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2013; 2013:189-200. [PMID: 24319181 PMCID: PMC4529996 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase who have achieved complete molecular remission on imatinib therapy, clinical trials from France and Australia have demonstrated that the majority experience prompt molecular relapse of their leukemia upon discontinuation of the drug, showing that long-term monotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is not curative in the majority of patients with CML. This has focused attention on strategies to eradicate residual disease in CML that is presumed to arise from malignant Ph+ stem cells, which should result in permanent cure and long-term leukemia-free survival. Here, we review the evidence that targeting CML stem cells will be of clinical benefit and discuss pharmacological and immunological approaches to accomplish this goal. Where possible, we link preclinical studies of CML stem cell biology to emerging results from clinical trials of agents that may target these cells.
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MESH Headings
- Australia/epidemiology
- Benzamides/therapeutic use
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Disease-Free Survival
- France/epidemiology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Ahmed
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Richard A. Van Etten
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
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36
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Lin CP, Choi YJ, Hicks GG, He L. The emerging functions of the p53-miRNA network in stem cell biology. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2063-72. [PMID: 22580472 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 pathway plays an essential role in tumor suppression, regulating multiple cellular processes coordinately to maintain genome integrity in both somatic cells and stem cells. Despite decades of research dedicated to p53 function in differentiated somatic cells, we are just starting to understand the complexity of the p53 pathway in the biology of pluripotent stem cells and tissue stem cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that p53 suppresses proliferation, promotes differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells and constitutes an important barrier to somatic reprogramming. In addition, emerging evidence reveals the role of the p53 network in the self-renewal, proliferation and genomic integrity of adult stem cells. Interestingly, non-coding RNAs, and microRNAs in particular, are integral components of the p53 network, regulating multiple p53-controlled biological processes to modulate the self-renewal and differentiation potential of a variety of stem cells. Thus, elucidation of the p53-miRNA axis in stem cell biology may generate profound insights into the mechanistic overlap between malignant transformation and stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Po Lin
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Gallipoli P, Abraham SA, Holyoake TL. Hurdles toward a cure for CML: the CML stem cell. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2011; 25:951-66, v. [PMID: 22054728 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the first cancer in which a genetic alteration was proven to be of pathogenic significance and is considered a disease model for oncogene addiction, targeted therapy, and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resulted in dramatic improvement in response and survival for patients with CML in chronic phase (CP); however, CSCs are spared by TKIs. In this article, we review the role of CSCs in CML in CP, their persistence following TKI treatment, and current approaches to target this population in an attempt to achieve disease cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gallipoli
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Cancer Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
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Asai T, Liu Y, Bae N, Nimer SD. The p53 tumor suppressor protein regulates hematopoietic stem cell fate. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2215-21. [PMID: 21660944 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a key transcription factor that regulates several signaling pathways involved in the cell's response to stress. Through stress-induced activation, p53 accumulates and triggers the expression of target genes that protect the genetic integrity of all cells including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These protective mechanisms include cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, induction of apoptosis, or initiation of senescence. In addition to its function under stress conditions, p53 has important functions during steady-state hematopoiesis, regulating HSC quiescence and self-renewal. In addition, it appears that p53 levels affect HSC competition for the hematopoietic niche, with the less p53 activated HSCs preferentially surviving. The specific genes and precise mechanisms underlying p53's effects on normal HSCs are slowly being clarified. p53 also plays an important role in leukemia stem cell (LSC) behavior, with p53 loss affecting drug resistance and disease progression. Pharmacologic activation of p53 function could overcome the adverse impact of p53 inactivation in LSCs. Thus, understanding the p53 regulatory mechanisms active in HSCs and LSCs may promote the development of new therapeutic strategies that could eliminate the population of largely quiescent LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Asai
- Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Fang B, Mai L, Li N, Song Y, Chunhua Zhao R. Imatinib plus Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Who Have Achieved Partial or Complete Cytogenetic Response while on Imatinib. Case Rep Oncol 2011; 4:192-7. [PMID: 21516268 PMCID: PMC3080784 DOI: 10.1159/000327512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is highly effective in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but fails to eliminate all leukemia cells. In this study, we investigated whether the addition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) could reduce the level of residual disease in patients with Ph-positive CML who appeared to have achieved a suboptimal response to imatinib alone. METHODS Eleven patients with CML who had achieved ≥35% Ph-negativity on imatinib were enrolled. The starting dose of imatinib was 400 mg or 600 mg orally daily, and of G-CSF 5 µg/kg s.c. daily. The administration of G-CSF was postponed or interrupted in the event of leukocytosis (≥30 ×10(9) leukocytes/l) until the white blood cell count fell below 20 × 10(9)/l. Efficacy was assessed by serial monitoring of blood levels of BCR-ABL transcripts. RESULTS Of 11 evaluable patients, 9 had an appreciable decline in BCR-ABL transcript levels; in 7 cases the reduction was greater than 1 log. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the addition of G-CSF should be considered for patients on imatinib who fail to obtain optimal response to imatinib alone and that this approach deserves further evaluation as frontline therapy for newly diagnosed CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baijun Fang
- Henan Institute of Hematology, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Mai
- Henan Institute of Hematology, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Henan Institute of Hematology, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Henan Institute of Hematology, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ling PMT, Cheung SWH, Tay DKC, Ellis-Behnke RG. Using Self-Assembled Nanomaterials to Inhibit the Formation of Metastatic Cancer Stem Cell Colonies in Vitro. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:127-31. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x532783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of cells with stem-like properties from prostate tumors suggests the presence of a cancer stem cell (CSC) population, which may account for the initiation, progression, and metastasis as well as drug resistance of the disease. We hypothesized that containing, or at least immobilizing, the CSCs in a nano-self-assembling material might help prevent prostate tumor progression or metastasis. CSCs were plated in three conditions: 1) placed in 1% concentration self-assembled peptide (SAP) preequilibrate with culture medium; 2) placed in 3% concentration SAP preequilibrate with culture medium; and 3) in nonadherent culture. All were grown for 14 days, after which the cells in both 1% and 3% concentrations were washed out of the SAP and grown for an additional 14 days. Here we report that CSCs from prostate cancer cell lines remained quiescent for more than 28 days when embedded in SAP. When the prostate CSCs were embedded in 1% and 3% SAP, most of the CSCs remained single cells 14 days after plating in a nonadherent plate; no prostaspheres could be detected 14 days after plating, suggesting that self-renewal was significantly suppressed. In the controls, prostate CSCs began to divide 1 day after plating in a nonadherent plate and prostaspheres were visible at day 10, indicating the active self-renewal property of the prostate CSCs. Our findings suggest that SAP can completely inhibit a prostate CSC from self-renewal while preserving its viability and CSC property. Therefore, SAP may be an effective nanomaterial for inhibiting cancer progression and metastasis to stop the progression during treatment and removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. T. Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Lika Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sunny W. H. Cheung
- Department of Anatomy, Lika Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David K. C. Tay
- Department of Anatomy, Lika Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rutledge G. Ellis-Behnke
- Department of Anatomy, Lika Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Nanomedicine Translational Think Tank, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Corbin AS, Agarwal A, Loriaux M, Cortes J, Deininger MW, Druker BJ. Human chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells are insensitive to imatinib despite inhibition of BCR-ABL activity. J Clin Invest 2010; 121:396-409. [PMID: 21157039 DOI: 10.1172/jci35721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib therapy, which targets the oncogene product BCR-ABL, has transformed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) from a life-threatening disease into a chronic condition. Most patients, however, harbor residual leukemia cells, and disease recurrence usually occurs when imatinib is discontinued. Although various mechanisms to explain leukemia cell persistence have been proposed, the critical question from a therapeutic standpoint--whether disease persistence is BCR-ABL dependent or independent--has not been answered. Here, we report that human CML stem cells do not depend on BCR-ABL activity for survival and are thus not eliminated by imatinib therapy. Imatinib inhibited BCR-ABL activity to the same degree in all stem (CD34+CD38-, CD133+) and progenitor (CD34+CD38+) cells and in quiescent and cycling progenitors from newly diagnosed CML patients. Although short-term in vitro imatinib treatment reduced the expansion of CML stem/progenitors, cytokine support permitted growth and survival in the absence of BCR-ABL activity that was comparable to that of normal stem/progenitor counterparts. Our findings suggest that primitive CML cells are not oncogene addicted and that therapies that biochemically target BCR-ABL will not eliminate CML stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie S Corbin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Kim DHD, Kong JH, Byeun JY, Jung CW, Xu W, Liu X, Kamel-Reid S, Kim YK, Kim HJ, Lipton JH. The IFNG (IFN-gamma) genotype predicts cytogenetic and molecular response to imatinib therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:5339-50. [PMID: 20959405 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study analyzed treatment outcomes of imatinib therapy by interindividual genetic variants in candidate biological pathways of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, IFN-γ signaling pathways, or drug transport/metabolism of imatinib. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Peripheral blood DNAs were genotyped for 79 single nucleotide polymorphism markers involved in the pathways of apoptosis, angiogenesis, myeloid cell growth, xenobiotic metabolism, WT1 signaling, IFN signaling, and others in CML patients who were included in discovery (n = 229, Canada) and validation cohorts (n = 187, Korea). RESULTS We found several genotypes associated with complete cytogenetic response: IFNG (rs1861494, rs2069705), FASL (rs763110), FAS (rs2234767, rs2234978), VEGFR2 (rs1531289), and WT1 (rs2234590); with major molecular response: IFNG (rs1861494, rs2069705), BIRC5 (rs9904341), FAS (rs2234978), and ABCG2 (rs2231142); with loss of response: IFNG (rs2069705), IFNGR2 (rs9808753), BIRC5 (rs9904341), and ORM (rs3182041); and with treatment failure: IFNG (rs2069705), JAK3 (rs3212713), and ORM (rs3182041). External validation for the above significant genotypes confirmed that the IFNG genotype (rs2069705) was predictive of complete cytogenetic response (hazard ratio, 2.17; P < 0.001) and major molecular response (hazard ratio, 1.96; P = 0.0001) in validation cohorts of Korean ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS The IFNG genotype was predictive for response to imatinib therapy, suggesting potential involvement of the IFN-γ signaling pathway in the mechanism of action of imatinib in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Dennis Kim
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Group, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Luk SU, Yap WN, Chiu YT, Lee DTW, Ma S, Lee TKW, Vasireddy RS, Wong YC, Ching YP, Nelson C, Yap YL, Ling MT. Gamma-tocotrienol as an effective agent in targeting prostate cancer stem cell-like population. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:2182-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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45
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Ishimoto T, Oshima H, Oshima M, Kai K, Torii R, Masuko T, Baba H, Saya H, Nagano O. CD44+ slow-cycling tumor cell expansion is triggered by cooperative actions of Wnt and prostaglandin E2 in gastric tumorigenesis. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:673-8. [PMID: 20028388 PMCID: PMC11159848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to normal tissue stem cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be quiescent or slow-cycling and, thereby, insensitive to chemo- and radiotherapies. CD44, a cell surface component that interacts with the extracellular matrix, has been found to be highly expressed in CSCs of several solid tumors. However, the relevancy between CD44(+) cells and slow-cycling cells and the underlying mechanisms for the emergence of CD44(+) CSCs during tumorigenesis have not been elucidated. Here we show that a gastric gland residing at the squamo-columnar junction (SCJ) in normal mouse stomach contains CD44(+) stem cell-like slow-cycling cells and that this characteristic CD44(+) gland was expanded by prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) and Wnt signaling in K19-Wnt1/C2mE mouse, a genetic mouse model for gastric tumorigenesis. The analysis of three transgenic mouse lines, K19-Wnt1, K19-C2mE and K19-Wnt1/C2mE, revealed that the expansion of CD44(+) SCJ cells is triggered by PGE(2)-mediated signaling and is prominently enhanced by the addition of Wnt activation. Furthermore, each expanded CD44(+) gland in gastric tumor of K19-Wnt1/C2mE mouse contains a few BrdU label-retaining quiescent or slow-cycling cells, suggesting that the CD44(+) SCJ cells in normal mouse are candidates for the cell-of-origin of gastric CSCs. These observations suggest that PGE(2)-mediated inflammatory signaling and Wnt signaling cooperatively trigger the expansion of CD44(+) slow-cycling stem-like cells in SCJ, leading to development of lethal gastric tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hamilton A, Gallipoli P, Nicholson E, Holyoake TL. Targeted therapy in haematological malignancies. J Pathol 2010; 220:404-18. [PMID: 20041451 DOI: 10.1002/path.2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The recent and rapid development of molecularly targeted therapy is best illustrated by advances in the management of haematological malignancy. In myeloid diseases we have seen dramatic improvements in the overall survival and quality of life for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia treated with ABL and Src/ABL kinase inhibitors and we are poised to discover whether JAK2 inhibitors may offer similar benefit in myeloproliferative diseases. For acute myeloid leukaemia, the introduction of ATRA and myelotarg have had major impacts on the design of therapy regimens and many novel targeted agents, including farnesyl transferase, FLT3 and histone deacetylase inhibitors, are now in clinical trial. In lymphoid malignancies the highlight has been the introduction of rituximab, with significant improvements in the management of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The last 10 years has experienced a rapidly expanding interest and acceptance that leukaemic stem cells, including an improved ability to target them, may hold the key to improved response and reduced relapse rates across both myeloid and lymphoid disease. We now eagerly anticipate an era in which a wealth of preclinical discoveries are progressed to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Hamilton
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Cancer Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, and Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
Imatinib mesylate has transformed the treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The vast majority of patients obtain hematologic remission, with a low probability of progression of disease. Yet imatinib rarely cures CML, and current recommendations dictate lifelong treatment with imatinib. In this review we analyze the biology behind the failure of imatinib to fully eradicate CML. We review evidence that indicates that the leukemic stem cell for CML is inherently resistant to imatinib, and that imatinib treatment itself may enhance this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Redner
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Liu Y, Elf SE, Asai T, Miyata Y, Liu Y, Sashida G, Huang G, Di Giandomenico S, Koff A, Nimer SD. The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell behavior. Cell Cycle 2010; 8:3120-4. [PMID: 19755852 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.19.9627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to diverse stresses, the tumor suppressor p53 differentially regulates its target genes, variably inducing cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis or senescence. Emerging evidence indicates that p53 plays an important role in regulating hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence, self-renewal, apoptosis and aging. The p53 pathway is activated by DNA damage, defects in ribosome biogenesis, oxidative stress and oncogene induced p19 ARF upregulation. We present an overview of the current state of knowledge about p53 (and its target genes) in regulating HSC behavior, with the hope that understanding the molecular mechanisms that control p53 activity in HSCs and how p53 mutations affect its role in these events may facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for eliminating leukemia (and cancer) propagating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Optimising chronic myeloid leukaemia therapy in the face of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors – A synthesis of clinical and laboratory data. Blood Rev 2010; 24:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Milojkovic D, Apperley J. Mechanisms of Resistance to Imatinib and Second-Generation Tyrosine Inhibitors in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7519-7527. [PMID: 20008852 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy in the form of selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has transformed the approach to management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and dramatically improved patient outcome to the extent that imatinib is currently accepted as the first-line agent for nearly all patients presenting with CML, regardless of the phase of the disease. Impressive clinical responses are obtained in the majority of patients in chronic phase; however, not all patients experience an optimal response to imatinib, and furthermore, the clinical response in a number of patients will not be sustained. The process by which the leukemic cells prove resistant to TKIs and the restoration of BCR-ABL1 signal transduction from previous inhibition has initiated the pursuit for the causal mechanisms of resistance and strategies by which to surmount resistance to therapeutic intervention. ABL kinase domain mutations have been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of TKI resistance, however, it is increasingly evident that the presence of mutations does not explain all cases of resistance and does not account for the failure of TKIs to eliminate minimal residual disease in patients who respond optimally. The focus of exploring TKI resistance has expanded to include the mechanism by which the drug is delivered to its target and the impact of drug influx and efflux proteins on TKI bioavailability. The limitations of imatinib have inspired the development of second generation TKIs in order to overcome the effect of resistance to this primary therapy. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7519-27).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Milojkovic
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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