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Reisenauer KN, Aroujo J, Tao Y, Ranganathan S, Romo D, Taube JH. Therapeutic vulnerabilities of cancer stem cells and effects of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1432-1456. [PMID: 37103550 PMCID: PMC10524555 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 1995 to 2022Tumors possess both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity leading to the survival of subpopulations post-treatment. The term cancer stem cells (CSCs) describes a subpopulation that is resistant to many types of chemotherapy and which also possess enhanced migratory and anchorage-independent growth capabilities. These cells are enriched in residual tumor material post-treatment and can serve as the seed for future tumor re-growth, at both primary and metastatic sites. Elimination of CSCs is a key goal in enhancing cancer treatment and may be aided by application of natural products in conjunction with conventional treatments. In this review, we highlight molecular features of CSCs and discuss synthesis, structure-activity relationships, derivatization, and effects of six natural products with anti-CSC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaquelin Aroujo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor Univesrity, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Yongfeng Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor Univesrity, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor Univesrity, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Joseph H Taube
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Jiang W, Li Y, Liu JQ, Wang XS. Copper-Catalyzed Consecutive Ullmann, Decarboxylation, Oxidation, and Dehydration Reaction for Synthesis of Pyrrolo or Pyrido[1,2- a]imidazo[1,2- c]quinazolines. Org Lett 2023; 25:5123-5127. [PMID: 37382582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
A protocol for a copper-catalyzed intermolecular cross-coupling cascade between 2-(2-bromoaryl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole analogues and proline or pipecolic acid has been developed. The developed protocol allows access to a variety of synthetically useful N-fused pyrrolo or pyrido[1,2-a]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline scaffolds with high efficiency and good functional group compatibility. Proline or pipecolic acid plays a dual role in the reaction: as ligand and reactants. A mechanistically consecutive approach for the Ullmann coupling, decarboxylation, oxidation, and dehydration reaction process was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
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3
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Sahin TK, Bilir B, Kucuk O. Modulation of inflammation by phytochemicals to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity of cancer chemotherapy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:2494-2508. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1976721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taha Koray Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birdal Bilir
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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4
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. Epigenetics and the role of nutraceuticals in health and disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28480-28505. [PMID: 36694069 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, the data provided by complete genome sequencing could not answer several fundamental questions about the causes of many noninfectious diseases, diagnostic biomarkers, and novel therapeutic approaches. The rapidly expanding understanding of epigenetic mechanisms, as well as widespread acceptance of their hypothesized role in disease induction, facilitated the development of a number of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic concepts. Epigenetic aberrations are reversible in nature, which enables the treatment of serious incurable diseases. Therefore, the interest in epigenetic modulatory effects has increased over the last decade, so about 60,000 publications discussing the expression of epigenetics could be detected in the PubMed database. Out of these, 58,442 were published alone in the last 10 years, including 17,672 reviews (69 historical articles), 314 clinical trials, 202 case reports, 197 meta-analyses, 156 letters to the editor, 108 randomized controlled trials, 87 observation studies, 40 book chapters, 22 published lectures, and 2 clinical trial protocols. The remaining publications are either miscellaneous or a mixture of the previously mentioned items. According to the species and gender, the publications included 44,589 human studies (17,106 females, 14,509 males, and the gender is not mentioned in the remaining papers) and 30,253 animal studies. In the present work, the role of epigenetic modulations in health and disease and the influencing factors in epigenetics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Lewoniewska S, Oscilowska I, Forlino A, Palka J. Understanding the Role of Estrogen Receptor Status in PRODH/POX-Dependent Apoptosis/Survival in Breast Cancer Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121314. [PMID: 34943229 PMCID: PMC8698543 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that activation of estrogen receptor α (ER α) stimulates cell proliferation. In contrast, estrogen receptor β (ER β) has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity. Although the role of estrogens in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer progression has been well established, the mechanism of their effect on apoptosis is not fully understood. It has been considered that ER status of breast cancer cells and estrogen availability might determine proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase (PRODH/POX)-dependent apoptosis. PRODH/POX is a mitochondrial enzyme that converts proline into pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). During this process, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) or ROS (reactive oxygen species) are produced, facilitating cell survival or death, respectively. However, the critical factor in driving PRODH/POX-dependent functions is proline availability. The amount of this amino acid is regulated at the level of prolidase (proline releasing enzyme), collagen biosynthesis (proline utilizing process), and glutamine, glutamate, α-ketoglutarate, and ornithine metabolism. Estrogens were found to upregulate prolidase activity and collagen biosynthesis. It seems that in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, prolidase supports proline for collagen biosynthesis, limiting its availability for PRODH/POX-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, lack of free proline (known to upregulate the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, HIF-1) contributes to downregulation of HIF-1-dependent pro-survival activity. The complex regulatory mechanism also involves PRODH/POX expression and activity. It is induced transcriptionally by p53 and post-transcriptionally by AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), which is regulated by ERs. The review also discusses the role of interconversion of proline/glutamate/ornithine in supporting proline to PRODH/POX-dependent functions. The data suggest that PRODH/POX-induced apoptosis is dependent on ER status in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Lewoniewska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Ilona Oscilowska
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Jerzy Palka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-5706
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Sahin TK, Bilir B, Kucuk O. Modulation of inflammation by phytochemicals to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity of cancer chemotherapy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2494-2508. [PMID: 34529530 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1976721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cancer with chemotherapeutic drugs is associated with numerous adverse effects as well as the eventual development of resistance to chemotherapy. There is a great need for complementary therapies such as botanicals and nutritional supplements with little or no side effects that prevent resistance to chemotherapy and reduce its adverse effects. Inflammation plays a major role in the development of chemoresistance and the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Phytochemicals have well-established anti-inflammatory effects; thus, they could be used as complementary therapies along with chemotherapy to increase its efficacy and reduce its toxicity. Botanical compounds inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, which plays an important role in the generation of inflammation, chemotherapy resistance, and modulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Botanicals have previously been studied extensively for their cancer chemopreventive activities and are generally considered safe for human consumption. The present review focuses on the modulation of inflammation by phytochemicals and their role in increasing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Koray Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birdal Bilir
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Zhang Z, Guo Y, Chen M, Chen F, Liu B, Shen C. Kaempferol potentiates the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to erlotinib via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and epidermal growth factor receptor. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1587-1601. [PMID: 34322786 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Erlotinib (ERL) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the clinical efficacy of ERL is limited due to the activation of alternative pathways that bypass the EGFR signaling. Kaempferol (KAE), a natural flavonoid compound, has been reported to possess potent anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties, and in this study, we aimed at identifying the sensitization effect of KAE on ERL monotherapy in PC cells and mouse models. Briefly, the CCK-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry were used to assess the proliferation and apoptosis of two PC cell lines in response to a treatment combination of KAE and ERL. Additionally, the drug-disease targets and related anti-PC mechanisms of KAE and ERL were predicted with a network pharmacology method. The survival outcome for PC patients with EGFR differential expression was evaluated through survival analysis. The molecular docking technique predicted the affinity between KAE and EGFR. Moreover, western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were applied to verify the expression levels of related proteins. As a result, in vitro results showed that the combination of KAE and ERL significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis compared to that with ERL alone. Network pharmacology results demonstrated that KAE sensitized PC to ERL treatment may likely be related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and EGFR TKI resistance. Survival analysis illustrated that PC patients with high expression of EGFR had a relative lower survival rate. Molecular docking results further suggested that KAE had a high binding affinity of - 8.9 kcal/mol with EGFR. WB results indicated that the combination of KAE and ERL dramatically downregulated the expression levels of p-EGFR, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, and Bcl-2, and upregulated the expression levels of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved PARP, and Bax. The in vivo results revealed that treatment combination of KAE and ERL further reduced the volume and weight of subcutaneous grafted tumors. IHC results confirmed the WB results. These data imply that KAE may be a valid therapeutic candidate to potentiate PC cell sensitivity to ERL via inhibiting PI3K/AKT and EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Zhang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feiyan Chen
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cunsi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Morshedi K, Borran S, Ebrahimi MS, Masoud Khooy MJ, Seyedi ZS, Amiri A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Fallah M, Khan H, Sahebkar A, Mirzaei H. Therapeutic effect of curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4834-4897. [PMID: 34173992 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers with a high global prevalence are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, there is a great need to develop efficient therapeutic approaches. Curcumin, a naturally occurring agent, is a promising compound with documented safety and anticancer activities. Recent studies have demonstrated the activity of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of different cancers. According to systematic studies on curcumin use in various diseases, it can be particularly effective in GI cancers because of its high bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, the clinical applications of curcumin are largely limited because of its low solubility and low chemical stability in water. These limitations may be addressed by the use of relevant analogues or novel delivery systems. Herein, we summarize the pharmacological effects of curcumin against GI cancers. Moreover, we highlight the application of curcumin's analogues and novel delivery systems in the treatment of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korosh Morshedi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sarina Borran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Zeynab Sadat Seyedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Amiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Skrajnowska D, Tokarz A, Makowska J, Bobrowska-Korczak B. Changes in the Mineral Composition of Rat Tissues Induced by Breast Cancer and Dietary Supplementation. In Vivo 2021; 35:259-266. [PMID: 33402472 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of the study was to determine the effect of various diets with zinc or zinc in combination with resveratrol or genistein on mineral contents of the serum, urine, liver, kidney and heart in rats with chemically-induced mammary carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The manuscript presents the tissues and body fluids content of iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium and copper in control rats or rats treated with 7,12-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]anthracene to induce mammary carcinogenesis, under four dietary conditions: standard feed, Zn supplemented feed (6.9 mg Zn/ml), Zn and resveratrol (0.2 mg/kg body) supplemented feed, or Zn and genistein (0.2 mg/kg body) supplemented feed. RESULTS The content of calcium and copper highly varied depending on the tissue and the type of dietary supplement (no change for zinc and magnesium). Irrespective of the diet used, the chemical induction of mammary cancer caused a decrease in iron concentration in most samples analysed. Only supplementation of the rats' diet with zinc and genistein induced no changes in iron distribution in the serum, urine, liver, kidney and heart. CONCLUSION Further research using various levels of zinc and genistein in the diet should be conducted to determine how the development and progression of cancer is linked to iron content in cells and its ability to accumulate in tumour tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Tokarz
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Makowska
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Ren H, Mai G, Liu Y, Xiang R, Yang C, Su W. Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 Subunit B Is a Promoter in the Development and Progression of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:644156. [PMID: 33996561 PMCID: PMC8116711 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with hidden incidence, high degree of malignancy, rapid disease progression, and poor prognosis. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B (EIF3B) is necessary for tumor growth, which is an alternative therapeutic target for many cancers. However, little is known about the relationship between EIF3B and PC. Methods: The expression of EIF3B in PC was detected by immunohistochemistry. EIF3B knockdown cell models were constructed by lentivirus infection. The MTT assay, the wound-healing assay, the transwell assay, the flow cytometry, and the Human Apoptosis Antibody Array was used to detect the effects of EIF3B knockdown on cell proliferation, cell migration, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle in vitro. Also, the effects of EIF3B knockdown on the tumor growth of PC were determined in vivo. Results: This study showed that the expression level of EIF3B was significantly up-regulated in PC tumor tissues and associated with pathological grade. In vitro, EIF3B knockdown inhibited the PC cell proliferation and migration, and the apoptosis levels were obviously promoted by regulating apoptosis-related proteins including Bcl-2, HSP27, HSP60, Survivin, sTNF-R2, TNF-α, TNF-β, TRAILR-3, TRAILR-4, and XIAP. Furthermore, the tumor growth of PC was inhibited after the knockdown of EIF3B in vivo. Conclusion: EIF3B was up-regulated in PC and was a promoter in the development and progression of PC, which could be considered as a therapeutic target for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Gang Mai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Rongchao Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Chong Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjie Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Liu YN, Tsai MF, Wu SG, Chang TH, Tsai TH, Gow CH, Wang HY, Shih JY. miR-146b-5p Enhances the Sensitivity of NSCLC to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by Regulating the IRAK1/NF-κB Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:471-483. [PMID: 33230450 PMCID: PMC7554328 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) show good clinical response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), patients eventually develop acquired resistance. Previous studies have shown that several microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in EGFR TKI resistance. Here, we aimed to investigate whether miR-146b-5p sensitizes the EGFR TKI-resistant lung cancer cells. Clinical analysis showed that miR-146b-5p expression in lung cancer cells isolated from pleural effusions of treatment-naive patients was significantly higher than that after acquiring resistance to EGFR TKI treatment. Ectopic expression of miR-146b-5p in EGFR TKI-resistant cells enhanced EGFR TKI-induced apoptosis. The same results were observed in EGFR-dependent and -independent osimertinib-resistant primary cancer cells (PE3479 and PE2988). Mechanically, miR-146b-5p suppressed nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity and NF-κB-related IL-6 and IL-8 production by targeting IRAK1. A negative correlation was observed between miR-146b-5p and IRAK1 in clinical specimens. In rescue experiments, restoration of IRAK1 expression reversed the effects of miR-146b-5p on EGFR TKI sensitivity and recovered NF-κB-regulated IL-6 and IL-8 production. In conclusion, miR-146b-5p/IRAK1/NF-κB signaling is important in promoting EGFR TKI resistance, and miR-146b-5p may be a useful tool for overcoming EGFR TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Gin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hua Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiu Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Gow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Fu Z, Cao X, Liu L, Cao X, Cui Y, Li X, Quan M, Ren K, Chen A, Xu C, Qiu Y, Chen X, Wang Z, Cao J. Genistein inhibits lung cancer cell stem-like characteristics by modulating MnSOD and FoxM1 expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2506-2515. [PMID: 32782570 PMCID: PMC7400602 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) promotes invasive and migratory activities by upregulating Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) expression. The present study investigated whether modulation of MnSOD and FoxM1 expression was responsible for the antitumor effects of genistein on cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) derived from non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). Spheroids prepared from H460 or A549 cells were defined as lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) and were treated with genistein. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess human lung fibroblast IMR-90 cell proliferation, as well as NSCLC H460 and A549 cell proliferation following treatment with genistein. MnSOD, FoxM1, cluster of differentiation (CD)133, CD44, BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger (Bmi1) and Nanog homeobox (Nanog) protein expression levels were examined via western blotting. The sphere formation assay was conducted to evaluate LCSLC self-renewal potential, and LSCLC migratory and invasive activities were analyzed using the wound healing and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. Knockdown and overexpression of MnSOD and FOXM1 via short hairpin-RNA or cDNA transfection were performed. The results indicated that genistein (80 and 100 µM) suppressed H460 and A549 cell viability compared with IMR-90 cells. Sub-cytotoxic concentrations of genistein (20 and 40 µM) inhibited sphere formation activity and decreased the protein expression levels of CD133, CD44, Bmi1 and Nanog in LCSLCs compared with the control group. Genistein also suppressed the migratory and invasive activities of LCSLCs compared with the control group. MnSOD and FoxM1 overexpression antagonized the effects of genistein (40 µM), whereas MnSOD and FoxM1 knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effects of genistein (20 µM) on CSLC characteristics of LCSLCs. Overall, the results suggested that genistein suppressed lung cancer cell CSLC characteristics by modulating MnSOD and FoxM1 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Fu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocheng Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People's Hospital 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People's Hospital 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Meifang Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Kaiqun Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - A Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yebei Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiangding Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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13
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NF-κB inhibitors in treatment and prevention of lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110569. [PMID: 32750649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signalling pathways have provided excellent resource for drug development particularly in the development of cancer therapeutics. A wide variety of malignancies common in human exhibit aberrant NF-κB constitutive expression which results in tumorigenic processes and cancer survival in a variety of solid tumour, including pancreatic cancer, lung, cervical, prostate, breast and gastric carcinoma. Numerous evidences indicate that NF-κB signalling mechanism is mainly involved in the progression of several cancers which may intensify an enhanced knowledge on its role in disease particularly lung tumorigenesis. This has led to tremendous research in designing a variety of NF-κB antagonists with enhanced clinical applications through different approaches the most common being suppression of IκB kinase (IKK) beta activity. Many NF-κB inhibitors for lung cancer are now under clinical trials. Preliminary results of clinical trials for several of these agents include small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. A few combinatorial treatment therapies are currently under investigation in the clinics and have shown promise, particularly NF-κB inhibition associated with lung cancer.
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Genistein potentiates Centchroman induced antineoplasticity in breast cancer via PI3K/Akt deactivation and ROS dependent induction of apoptosis. Life Sci 2019; 239:117073. [PMID: 31751581 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recently, strategies of cancer treatment using combination of agents with distinct molecular mechanism(s) of action are considered more promising due to its high efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. The study is aimed to improve the efficacy of selective estrogen receptor modulator, Centchroman (CC) by combination with the phytoestrogen Genistein (GN). METHODS Cytotoxicity was evaluated by Sulforhodamine B assay. Cell cycle analysis was done through flow cytometry. Further, Apoptosis was analyzed using Annexin V/PI staining, tunel assay and electron microscopic examination and verified using western blot analysis. In order to validate the in vitro results, in vivo analysis was performed using 4T1-syngeneic mouse model. KEY FINDINGS In this study, we report that the dietary isoflavone genistein (GN) synergistically improved antineoplasticity of CC in breast cancer by arresting cells at G2/M phase culminating in ROS dependent apoptosis. The combination of CC plus GN caused dysregulation of Bax and Bcl-2 ratio inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of Caspase-3/7, -9 and PARP cleavage. Further, combination significantly suppresses phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB, enhancing apoptosis. Additionally, combination markedly reduced tumor growth compared to CC and GN alone in mouse 4T1 breast tumor model. SIGNIFICANCE Together, these studies suggest that GN represents a potential adjunct molecule whose role in CC induced apoptosis deserves attention.
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15
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Kapur N, Mir H, Sonpavde GP, Jain S, Bae S, Lillard JW, Singh S. Prostate cancer cells hyper-activate CXCR6 signaling by cleaving CXCL16 to overcome effect of docetaxel. Cancer Lett 2019; 454:1-13. [PMID: 30974114 PMCID: PMC7748218 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular reprogramming in response to chemotherapeutics leads to poor therapeutic outcomes for prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we demonstrated that CXCR6-CXCL16 axis promotes DTX resistance and acts as a counter-defense mechanism. After CXCR6 activation, cell death in response to DTX was inhibited, and blocking of CXCR6 potentiated DTX cytotoxicity. Moreover, in response to DTX, PCa cells expressed higher CXCR6, CXCL16, and ADAM-10. Furthermore, ADAM-10-mediated release of CXCL16 hyper-activated CXCR6 signaling in response to DTX. Activation of CXCR6 resulted in increased GSK-3β, NF-κB, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and survivin expression, which reduce DTX response. Finally, treatment of PCa cells with anti-CXCR6 monoclonal antibody synergistically or additively induced cell death with ∼1.5-4.5 fold reduction in the effective concentration of DTX. In sum, our data imply that co-targeting of CXCR6 would lead to therapeutic enhancement of DTX, leading to better clinical outcomes for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kapur
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA; Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Hina Mir
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA; Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Guru P Sonpavde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Sejong Bae
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - James W Lillard
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA; Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Shailesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA; Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
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16
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Kutkowska J, Strzadala L, Rapak A. Sorafenib in Combination with Betulinic Acid Synergistically Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibits Clonogenic Activity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103234. [PMID: 30347681 PMCID: PMC6214124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most deadly cancers in the world due to late diagnosis and poor response to available treatments. It is important to identify treatment strategies that will increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of the currently used therapeutics. In this study, the PDAC cell lines AsPC-1, BxPC-3, and Capan-1 were treated with sorafenib and betulinic acid alone and in combination. We examined the effect of combined treatments on viability (MTS test), proliferation and apoptosis (annexin V staining), cell cycle arrest (PI staining), alterations in signaling pathways (Western blotting), and colony-forming ability. The combination of sorafenib with betulinic acid inhibited the viability and proliferation of PDAC cells without the induction of apoptosis. The antiproliferative effect, caused by G2 cell cycle arrest, was strongly associated with increased expression of p21 and decreased expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1, and was induced only by combined treatment. Additionally, decreased proliferation could also be associated with the inhibition of the P13K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Importantly, combination treatment reduced the colony-forming ability of PDAC cells, as compared to both compounds alone. Collectively, we showed that combined treatment with low concentrations of sorafenib and betulinic acid had the capacity to inhibit proliferation and abolish clonogenic activity in PDAC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kutkowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Science, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Leon Strzadala
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Science, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Science, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Retraction: Potentiation of the Effect of Erlotinib by Genistein in Pancreatic Cancer: The Role of Akt and Nuclear Factor-κB. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5472. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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An Array of Bioactive Compounds From Australian Eucalypts and Their Relevance in Pancreatic Cancer Therapeutics. Pancreas 2018; 47:690-707. [PMID: 29894418 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most devastating human cancers, and despite the significant advances in the current therapeutic options, the overall survival rate for PC has remained static for the past 50 years. Plant-derived bioactive compounds play a vital role in cancer therapeutics by providing new lead compounds for future drug development. Therefore, the isolation, characterization, and identification of new bioactive compounds for the prevention and treatment of cancer continue to be an important aspect of natural product research. Many in vitro and in vivo studies published in the last few decades have established strong links between the phytochemical profile of eucalypts and anticancer activity. However, only a small number of these reports have attempted to demonstrate a relationship between the biological activity of eucalypt extracts and PC. This review focuses on potential anti-PC effects of an array of bioactive compounds present in various species of eucalypts. It also highlights the necessity for further in vitro and in vivo studies to develop a complete understanding of the potential this group of plants has for the development of potent and specific chemotherapeutic drugs for PC.
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Quercetin inhibits prostate cancer by attenuating cell survival and inhibiting anti-apoptotic pathways. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:108. [PMID: 29898731 PMCID: PMC6001031 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, prostate cancer (PCa) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Current treatments offered in the clinics are often toxic and have severe side effects. Hence, to treat and manage PCa, new agents with fewer side effects or having potential to reduce side effects of conventional therapy are needed. In this study, we show anti-cancer effects of quercetin, an abundant bioflavonoid commonly used to treat prostatitis, and defined quercetin-induced cellular and molecular changes leading to PCa cell death. Methods Cell viability was assessed using MTT. Cell death mode, mitochondrial outer membrane potential, and oxidative stress levels were determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V-7 AAD dual staining kit, JC-1 dye, and ROS detection kit, respectively. Antibody microarray and western blot were used to delineate the molecular changes induced by quercetin. Results PCa cells treated with various concentrations of quercetin showed time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell viability compared to controls, without affecting normal prostate epithelial cells. Quercetin led to apoptotic and necrotic cell death in PCa cells by affecting the mitochondrial integrity and disturbing the ROS homeostasis depending upon the genetic makeup and oxidative status of the cells. LNCaP and PC-3 cells that have an oxidative cellular environment showed ROS quenching after quercetin treatment while DU-145 showed rise in ROS levels despite having a highly reductive environment. Opposing effects of quercetin were also observed on the pro-survival pathways of PCa cells. PCa cells with mutated p53 (DU-145) and increased ROS showed significant reduction in the activation of pro-survival Akt pathway while Raf/MEK were activated in response to quercetin. PC-3 cells lacking p53 and PTEN with reduced ROS levels showed significant activation of Akt and NF-κB pathway. Although some of these changes are commonly associated with oncogenic response, the cumulative effect of these alterations is PCa cell death. Conclusions Our results demonstrated quercetin exerts its anti-cancer effects by modulating ROS, Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Quercetin could be used as a chemopreventive option as well as in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to improve clinical outcomes of PCa patients.
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20
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Natural scaffolds in anticancer therapy and precision medicine. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1563-1585. [PMID: 29729870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of natural compounds is essential for their mechanism of action. The source, structures and structure activity relationship of natural compounds contributed to the development of new classes of chemotherapy agents for over 40 years. The availability of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening has fueled the challenge to identify novel compounds that mimic nature's chemistry and to predict their macromolecular targets. Combining conventional and targeted therapies helped to successfully overcome drug resistance and prolong disease-free survival. Here, we aim to provide an overview of preclinical investigated natural compounds alone and in combination to further improve personalization of cancer treatment.
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21
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Kaushik S, Shyam H, Sharma R, Balapure AK. Dietary isoflavone daidzein synergizes centchroman action via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway in MCF-7/MDA MB-231 human breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 40:116-124. [PMID: 29496164 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advancements in the prognosis and management of breast cancer, it remains a major cause of mortality in women worldwide. Centchroman (CC), an oral contraceptive has been found to exhibit anti-cancer potential against a wide range of cancer including breast cancer. PURPOSE The present study is intended to evaluate the ability of soy isoflavone Daidzein (DZ) in enhancing the efficacy of CC in Human Breast Cancer Cells (HBCCs). METHODS/STUDY DESIGN Sulforhodamine B assay was employed to determine the cytotoxicity induced by 10 µM CC & 50 µM DZ separately and together in MCF-7/MDA MB-231 HBCCs and non-tumorigenic Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMECs) MCF-10A as a control. Combination Index (CI) analysis was executed using CompuSyn software. Further, apoptosis was assessed using Annexin V/PI, AO/PI staining and tunel assay. Cell cycle, reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential alteration was determined using flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was performed to check the expression of respective proteins. RESULTS The results suggest that the combination exerts elevated toxicity as compared to control and each drug per se without affecting HMECs MCF-10A. This therefore implies cancer cell specific action of CC plus DZ administered together. Additionally, combination index analysis suggests synergistic action of CC and DZ combination in HBCCs. Cell cycle analysis, Annexin V/PI staining, tunel assay and western blot analysis confirms the induction of apoptosis by combination in HBCCs. Interestingly, western blot analysis also revealed that the combination down-regulated the expression of proteins involved in cell survival i.e. PI3K, Akt and mTOR, suggesting inhibition of cell survival pathway. CONCLUSION The results overall demonstrate that CC plus DZ has higher anticancer efficacy as compared to either drug alone. Hence, the combination of CC plus DZ may offer a novel strategy for the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kaushik
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113, India
| | - Hari Shyam
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anil K Balapure
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113, India.
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22
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Stern L, Giese N, Hackert T, Strobel O, Schirmacher P, Felix K, Gaida MM. Overcoming chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells: role of the bitter taste receptor T2R10. J Cancer 2018; 9:711-725. [PMID: 29556329 PMCID: PMC5858493 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are G-protein coupled transmembrane proteins initially identified in the gustatory system as sensors for the taste of bitter. Recent evidence on expression of these receptors outside gustatory tissues suggested alternative functions, and there is growing interest of their potential role in cancer biology. In this study, we report for the first time, expression and functionality of the bitter receptor family member T2R10 in both human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissue and PDAC derived cell lines. Caffeine, a known ligand for T2R10, rendered the tumor cells more susceptible to two standard chemotherapeutics, Gemcitabine and 5-Fluoruracil. Knocking down T2R10 in the cell line BxPC-3 reduced the caffeine-induced effect. As possible underlying mechanism, we found that caffeine via triggering T2R10 inhibited Akt phosphorylation and subsequently downregulated expression of ABCG2, the so-called multi-drug resistance protein that participates in rendering cells resistant to a variety of chemotherapeutics. In conclusion, T2R10 is expressed in pancreatic cancer and it downmodulates the chemoresistance of the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Stern
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia Giese
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Felix
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Honndorf VS, Wiehr S, Rolle AM, Schmitt J, Kreft L, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Kohlhofer U, Reischl G, Maurer A, Boldt K, Schwarz M, Schmidt H, Pichler BJ. Preclinical evaluation of the anti-tumor effects of the natural isoflavone genistein in two xenograft mouse models monitored by [18F]FDG, [18F]FLT, and [64Cu]NODAGA-cetuximab small animal PET. Oncotarget 2017; 7:28247-61. [PMID: 27070087 PMCID: PMC5053724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural phytoestrogen genistein is known as protein kinase inhibitor and tumor suppressor in various types of cancers. We studied its antitumor effect in two different xenograft models using positron emission tomography (PET) in vivo combined with ex vivo histology and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolic fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Honndorf
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiehr
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Rolle
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Schmitt
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Luisa Kreft
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Ursula Kohlhofer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Medical Proteome Center, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
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Li L, Feng R, Xu Q, Zhang F, Liu T, Cao J, Fei S. Expression of the β3 subunit of Na +/K +-ATPase is increased in gastric cancer and regulates gastric cancer cell progression and prognosis via the PI3/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84285-84299. [PMID: 29137423 PMCID: PMC5663595 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP1B3 encodes the β3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase and is located in the q22-23 region of chromosome 3. Na+/K+-ATPase participates in normal cellular activities but also plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we found that expression of the β3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase was increased in human gastric cancer tissues compared with that in normal matched tissues and that this increased expression predicted a poor outcome. ATP1B3 expression was elevated at both the mRNA and protein levels in gastric cancer cell lines relative to those in a normal gastric epithelial cell line. Interestingly, ATP1B3 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony-formation ability, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cell lines. Additionally, knockdown induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ATP1B3 silencing decreased the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), indicating that ATP1B3 regulates gastric cancer cell progression via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Hence, the β3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase plays an essential role in the tumourigenesis of gastric cancer and may be a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Ru Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Feiyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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Genistein: Its role in metabolic diseases and cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 119:13-22. [PMID: 29065980 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone present in soy and is known to have multiple molecular effects, such as the inhibition of inflammation, promotion of apoptosis, and modulation of steroidal hormone receptors and metabolic pathways. Since these molecular effects impact carcinogenesis, cancer propagation, obesity, osteoporosis, and metabolic syndromes, genistein plays an important role in preventing and treating common disorders. The role of genistein has not been adequately evaluated in all these clinical settings. This review summarizes some of the known molecular effects of genistein and its potential role in health maintenance and treatment.
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Mouhid L, Corzo-Martínez M, Torres C, Vázquez L, Reglero G, Fornari T, Ramírez de Molina A. Improving In Vivo Efficacy of Bioactive Molecules: An Overview of Potentially Antitumor Phytochemicals and Currently Available Lipid-Based Delivery Systems. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2017; 2017:7351976. [PMID: 28555156 PMCID: PMC5438845 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7351976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many of the chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment exhibit cell toxicity and display teratogenic effect on nontumor cells. Therefore, the search for alternative compounds which are effective against tumor cells but reduce toxicity against nontumor ones is of great importance in the progress or development of cancer treatments. In this sense, scientific knowledge about relevant aspects of nutrition intimately involved in the development and progression of cancer progresses rapidly. Phytochemicals, considered as bioactive ingredients present in plant products, have shown promising effects as potential therapeutic/preventive agents on cancer in several in vitro and in vivo assays. However, despite their bioactive properties, phytochemicals are still not commonly used in clinical practice due to several reasons, mainly attributed to their poor bioavailability. In this sense, new formulation strategies are proposed as carriers to improve their bioefficacy, highlighting the use of lipid-based delivery systems. Here, we review the potential antitumoral activity of the bioactive compounds derived from plants and the current studies carried out in animal and human models. Furthermore, their association with lipids as a formulation strategy to enhance their efficacy in vivo is also reported. The development of high effective bioactive supplements for cancer treatment based on the improvement of their bioavailability goes through this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Mouhid
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Corzo-Martínez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Torres
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiziana Fornari
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Zhou RT, He M, Yu Z, Liang Y, Nie Y, Tai S, Teng CB. Baicalein inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasion via suppression of NEDD9 expression and its downstream Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56351-56363. [PMID: 28915595 PMCID: PMC5593566 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a flavone ingredient of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is a promising anti-cancer agent. However, its potential anti-pancreatic cancer effects and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we showed that Baicalein not only induced apoptosis, but also suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of two pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3 and PANC-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Notably, Baicalein exhibited low toxicity to normal human liver or kidney cells. We further discovered that Baicalein suppressed BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cell proliferation and invasion through targeting the expression of NEDD9, a Cas scaffolding protein, to decrease Akt and ERK activities. Especially, Baicalein decreased Akt phosphorylation at T-308 via lowering NEDD9-dependent PDK1 expression. Overexpression of NEDD9 effectively rescued proliferation and invasion of BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells dampened by Baicalein. Taken together, our findings suggest that Baicalein is a potent remedy applied to pancreatic cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Tao Zhou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mei He
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ze Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuzhe Nie
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chun-Bo Teng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Aichinger G, Pahlke G, Nagel LJ, Berger W, Marko D. Bilberry extract, its major polyphenolic compounds, and the soy isoflavone genistein antagonize the cytostatic drug erlotinib in human epithelial cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:3628-36. [PMID: 27485636 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00570e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Erlotinib (Tarceva®) is a chemotherapeutic drug approved for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Its primary mode of action is the inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Recently, RTK-inhibiting polyphenols have been reported to interact synergistically with erlotinib. Furthermore some anthocyanidins and anthocyanin-rich berry extracts have been reported to inhibit tyrosine kinases, including the EGFR, which raises the question of potential interactions with erlotinib. Polyphenol-rich preparations such as berry- or soy-based products are commercially available as food supplements. In the present study we tested a bilberry extract, its major anthocyanin and potential intestinal degradation products, as well as genistein, with respect to possible interactions with erlotinib. Cell growth inhibition was assessed using the sulforhodamine B assay, while interactions with EGFR phosphorylation were analyzed by SDS-PAGE/western blotting with subsequent immunodetection. Genistein, bilberry extract, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin were found to antagonize erlotinib whereas phloroglucinol aldehyde was found to enhance cytostatic effects of the drug on human epithelial A431 cells. Genistein also antagonized the EGFR inhibitory effects of erlotinib, whereas bilberry anthocyanins showed no significant interactions in this regard. Our data indicate that different polyphenols are potentially able to impair the cytostatic effect of erlotinib in vitro. Genistein interacts via the modulation of erlotinib-mediated EGFR inhibition whereas bilberry anthocyanins modulated the growth-inhibitory effect of erlotinib without affecting EGFR phosphorylation, thus indicating a different mechanism of interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aichinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Kojima-Yuasa A, Huang X, Matsui-Yuasa I. Synergistic Anticancer Activities of Natural Substances in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Diseases 2015; 3:260-281. [PMID: 28943624 PMCID: PMC5548258 DOI: 10.3390/diseases3040260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly resistant to currently available chemotherapeutic agents. The clinical outcome of HCC treatment remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, new effective and well-tolerated therapy strategies are needed. Natural products are excellent sources for the development of new medications for disease treatment. Recently, we and other researchers have suggested that the combined effect of natural products may improve the effect of chemotherapy treatments against the proliferation of cancer cells. In addition, many combination treatments with natural products augmented intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review we will demonstrate the synergistic anticancer effects of a combination of natural products with chemotherapeutic agents or natural products against human HCC and provide new insight into the development of novel combination therapies against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kojima-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Xuedan Huang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirogane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Isao Matsui-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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Sundby E, Han J, Kaspersen SJ, Hoff BH. In vitro baselining of new pyrrolopyrimidine EGFR-TK inhibitors with Erlotinib. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 80:56-65. [PMID: 26296860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are useful in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, and show promise in combination therapy settings. Two novel chiral pyrrolopyrimidines have been baselined towards Erlotinib, Lapatinib and Dasatinib using in vitro cellular studies and ADME profiling. One of these, (S)-2-((6-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-phenylethan-1-ol, was more active than Erlotinib in lung and breast cancer cell models. The compound also had promising activity towards ovarian cancer cell lines, while low activity was seen towards cells of haematological origin. ADME profiling revealed good solubility, higher metabolic stability than Erlotinib and no inhibitory effect towards the hERG voltage-gated ion channel. Investigation of inhibitory potency towards 6 CYP isoforms generally revealed low inhibitory potency, but in the case of CYP3A4, a substrate dependent inhibition was noted using testosterone as substrate (IC50: 12.5μM). No cellular or gene toxicity was noted for the compounds or products of phase I metabolism. However, permeability studies using Caco-2 cells revealed a high efflux ratio. Further experiments using ABC transporter inhibitors revealed that the pyrrolopyrimidines are actively transported by the breast cancer resistant protein and P-glycoprotein transporters, which might prevent their further development into drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Sundby
- Sør-Trøndelag University College, E. C. Dahls gt. 2, NO-7004 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jin Han
- Sør-Trøndelag University College, E. C. Dahls gt. 2, NO-7004 Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Svein Jacob Kaspersen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bård Helge Hoff
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Kim HY, Kim SL, Park YR, Liu YC, Seo SY, Kim SH, Kim IH, Lee SO, Lee ST, Kim SW. Balsalazide Potentiates Parthenolide-Mediated Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in HCT116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Intest Res 2015; 13:233-41. [PMID: 26130998 PMCID: PMC4479738 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2015.13.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Balsalazide is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Balsalazide can reduce inflammatory responses via several mechanisms, including inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. Parthenolide (PT) inhibits NF-κB and exerts promising anticancer effects by promoting apoptosis. The present investigated the antitumor effects of balsalazide, combined with PT, on NF-κB in a representative human colorectal carcinoma cell line, HCT116. METHODS We counted cells and conducted annexin-V assays and cell cycle analysis to measure apoptotic cell death. Western blotting was used investigate the levels of proteins involved in apoptosis. RESULTS PT and balsalazide produced synergistic anti-proliferative effects and induced apoptotic cell death. The combination of balsalazide and PT markedly suppressed nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and the phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF-κB. Moreover, PT and balsalazide dramatically enhanced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Apoptosis, through the mitochondrial pathway, was confirmed by detecting effects on Bcl-2 family members, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-3 and -8. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with PT and balsalazide may offer an effective strategy for the induction of apoptosis in HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Se-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seong Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - In Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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32
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Patlolla JMR, Rao CV. Anti-inflammatory and Anti-cancer Properties of β-Escin, a Triterpene Saponin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Han S, Wu H, Li W, Gao P. Protective effects of genistein in homocysteine-induced endothelial cell inflammatory injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 403:43-9. [PMID: 25626894 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the mechanism of homocysteine (HCY)-induced vascular endothelial cell injury has been intensively studied for many years. Recently, a large number of studies have shown inhibitory effects of genistein (GEN), a soy isoflavone, in the process of endothelial cell injury. In the present study, the protective effects of GEN in HCY-induced endothelial cell inflammatory injury were investigated. A model of HCY-induced endothelial cell (ECV-304) inflammatory injury was established in vitro, and the protective effect of GEN in this procession was explored. According to our results, GEN protected HCY-induced endothelial cell from viability decreases, meanwhile prevented the changes of cell morphology and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of NF-kB P-65, IL-6, and ICAM-1 was all down-regulated. During the HCY-induced endothelial cell injury, the endothelial cell apoptosis and proliferation disorder were alleviated. Therefore, we conclude that HCY-induced endothelial cell inflammatory injury could be blocked by GEN. The present findings suggest that GEN protects HCY-induced endothelial cell inflammatory injury may through reducing the release of ROS, inhibiting NF-kB activation, down-regulating the expression of cytokine IL-6 and adhesion molecules ICAM-1, avoiding inflammatory cells and platelet adhesion, accordingly, leading to a balance of endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Han
- Clinical Laboratory of Zhengzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wenhuagong Road 65, Zhengzhou, 450007, China,
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Shukla V, Chandra V, Sankhwar P, Popli P, Kaushal JB, Sirohi VK, Dwivedi A. Phytoestrogen genistein inhibits EGFR/PI3K/NF-kB activation and induces apoptosis in human endometrial hyperplasial cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial hyperplasia is an estrogen-dependent disease and is the most frequent precursor of endometrial cancer, diagnosed in pre- and peri-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Shukla
- Division of Endocrinology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Vishal Chandra
- Division of Endocrinology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Pushplata Sankhwar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- King George's Medical University
- Lucknow-226001
- India
| | - Pooja Popli
- Division of Endocrinology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Division of Endocrinology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Vijay Kumar Sirohi
- Division of Endocrinology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Anila Dwivedi
- Division of Endocrinology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
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35
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Targeting epidermal growth factor receptors and downstream signaling pathways in cancer by phytochemicals. Target Oncol 2014; 10:337-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-014-0339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Perfluorooctanoic acid stimulates breast cancer cells invasion and up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 expression mediated by activating NF-κB. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li L, Leung PS. Use of herbal medicines and natural products: an alternative approach to overcoming the apoptotic resistance of pancreatic cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:224-36. [PMID: 24875648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of <5%. It does not respond well to either chemotherapy or radiotherapy, due partly to apoptotic resistance (AR) of the cancer cells. AR has been attributed to certain genetic abnormalities or defects in apoptotic signaling pathways. In pancreatic cancer, significant mutations of K-ras and p53, constitutive activation of NFκB, over-expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp90, Hsp70), histone deacetylase (HDACs) and the activities of other proteins (COX-2, Nrf2 and bcl-2 family members) are closely linked with resistance to apoptosis and invasion. AR has also been associated with aberrant signaling of MAPK, PI3K-AKT, JAK/STAT, SHH, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Strategies targeting these signaling molecules and pathways provide an alternative for overcoming AR in pancreatic cancer. The use of herbal medicines or natural products (HM/NPs) alone or in combination with conventional anti-cancer agents has been shown to produce beneficial effects through actions upon multiple molecular pathways involved in AR. The current standard first-line chemotherapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer are gemcitabine (Gem) or Gem-containing combinations; however, the efficacy is dissatisfied and this limitation is largely attributed to AR. Meanwhile, emerging data have pointed to a combination of HM/NPs that may augment the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to Gem. Greater understanding of how these compounds affect the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis may propel development of HM/NPs as anti-cancer agents and/or adjuvant therapies forward. In this review, we give a critical appraisal of the use of HM/NPs alone and in combination with anti-cancer drugs. We also discuss the potential regulatory mechanisms whereby AR is involved in these protective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Fukuda M, Kawaguchi Y. Role of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif of latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) in Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A-induced cell transformation. J Virol 2014; 88:5189-94. [PMID: 24554661 PMCID: PMC3993816 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03714-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is widely expressed in EBV-associated malignancies. We demonstrate that LMP2A has a transformation ability. This study shows that LMP2A-induced transformation in several human nonhematopoietic cell lines was blocked in those cells expressing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) LMP2A mutant. The Syk inhibitor or Syk-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited LMP2A-induced transformation. These results indicate that the interaction of the LMP2A ITAM with Syk is a key step for LMP2A-mediated transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhao B, Ma Y, Xu Z, Wang J, Wang F, Wang D, Pan S, Wu Y, Pan H, Xu D, Liu L, Jiang H. Hydroxytyrosol, a natural molecule from olive oil, suppresses the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inactivating AKT and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Niero EL, Rocha-Sales B, Lauand C, Cortez BA, de Souza MM, Rezende-Teixeira P, Urabayashi MS, Martens AA, Neves JH, Machado-Santelli GM. The multiple facets of drug resistance: one history, different approaches. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:37. [PMID: 24775603 PMCID: PMC4041145 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Some cancers like melanoma and pancreatic and ovarian cancers, for example, commonly display resistance to chemotherapy, and this is the major obstacle to a better prognosis of patients. Frequently, literature presents studies in monolayer cell cultures, 3D cell cultures or in vivo studies, but rarely the same work compares results of drug resistance in different models. Several of these works are presented in this review and show that usually cells in 3D culture are more resistant to drugs than monolayer cultured cells due to different mechanisms. Searching for new strategies to sensitize different tumors to chemotherapy, many methods have been studied to understand the mechanisms whereby cancer cells acquire drug resistance. These methods have been strongly advanced along the years and therapies using different drugs have been increasingly proposed to induce cell death in resistant cells of different cancers. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been extensively studied because they would be the only cells capable of sustaining tumorigenesis. It is believed that the resistance of CSCs to currently used chemotherapeutics is a major contributing factor in cancer recurrence and later metastasis development. This review aims to appraise the experimental progress in the study of acquired drug resistance of cancer cells in different models as well as to understand the role of CSCs as the major contributing factor in cancer recurrence and metastasis development, describing how CSCs can be identified and isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Luís Niero
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av, Prof, Lineu Prestes, 1524, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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41
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Vuong QV, Hirun S, Phillips PA, Chuen TLK, Bowyer MC, Goldsmith CD, Scarlett CJ. Fruit-derived phenolic compounds and pancreatic cancer: perspectives from Australian native fruits. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:227-242. [PMID: 24463158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pancreatic cancer is a devastating cancer that presents late, is rapidly progressive and has current therapeutics with only limited efficacy. Bioactive compounds are ubiquitously present in fruits and numerous studies in vitro are addressing the activity of these compounds against pancreatic cancer, thus studies of specific bioactive compounds could lead to new anti-pancreatic cancer strategies. Australian native fruits have been used as foods and medicines by Australian Aboriginals for thousands of years, and preliminary studies have found these fruits to contain rich and diversified bioactive components with high antioxidant activity. Thus, Australian native fruits may possess key components for preventing or delaying the onset of tumorigenesis, or for the treatment of existing cancers, including pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Numerous databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Sciencedirect were analysed for correlations between bioactive components from fruits and pancreatic cancer, as well as studies concerning Australian native fruits. RESULTS In this review, we comprehensively highlight the proposed mechanisms of action of fruit bioactives as anti-cancer agents, update the potential anti-pancreatic cancer activity of various major classes of bioactive compounds derived from fruits, and discuss the existence of bioactive compounds identified from a selection Australian native fruits for future studies. CONCLUSION Bioactive compounds derived from fruits possess the potential for the discovery of new anti-pancreatic cancer strategies. Further, Australian native fruits are rich in polyphenols including some flora that contain unique phenolic compounds, thereby warranting further investigations into their anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q V Vuong
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - S Hirun
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - P A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - T L K Chuen
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M C Bowyer
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - C D Goldsmith
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - C J Scarlett
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Jia G, Han B, Liu J, Teng Y, Lv J, Song Z, Li Y, Ji L, Pan S, Jiang H, Sun B. Shikonin suppresses tumor growth and synergizes with gemcitabine in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model: Involvement of NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:322-33. [PMID: 24522113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although gemcitabine is currently the best chemotherapeutic agent available for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, eventual failure of response is a significant clinical problem. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches against this disease are highly needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether shikonin, a naphthoquinone derivative, has potential in the treatment of pancreatic cancer when used either alone or in combination with gemcitabine. Our in vitro results showed that shikonin inhibited the proliferation of three different human pancreatic cancer cell lines and potentiated the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine, which correlated with the down-regulation of constitutive as well as gemcitabine-induced activation of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products. Most importantly, using a xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer, we found shikonin alone significantly suppressed tumor growth and argumented the antitumor activity of gemcitabine. These effects also correlated with the down-regulation of NF-κB activity and its target genes, decreased proliferation (PCNA and Ki-67), decreased microvessel density (CD31), and increased apoptosis (TUNEL) in tumor remnants. Collectively, our results suggest that shikonin can suppress the growth of human pancreatic tumors and potentiate the antitumor effects of gemcitabine through the suppression of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yinan Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yueqiu Teng
- Department of Central Laboratory of Blood Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiachen Lv
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zengfu Song
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yilong Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Rather MA, Bhat BA, Qurishi MA. Multicomponent phytotherapeutic approach gaining momentum: Is the "one drug to fit all" model breaking down? PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 21:1-14. [PMID: 24035674 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural product based drugs constitute a substantial proportion of the pharmaceutical market particularly in the therapeutic areas of infectious diseases and oncology. The primary focus of any drug development program so far has been to design selective ligands (drugs) that act on single selective disease targets to obtain highly efficacious and safe drugs with minimal side effects. Although this approach has been successful for many diseases, yet there is a significant decline in the number of new drug candidates being introduced into clinical practice over the past few decades. This serious innovation deficit that the pharmaceutical industries are facing is due primarily to the post-marketing failures of blockbuster drugs. Many analysts believe that the current capital-intensive model-"the one drug to fit all" approach will be unsustainable in future and that a new "less investment, more drugs" model is necessary for further scientific growth. It is now well established that many diseases are multi-factorial in nature and that cellular pathways operate more like webs than highways. There are often multiple ways or alternate routes that may be switched on in response to the inhibition of a specific target. This gives rise to the resistant cells or resistant organisms under the specific pressure of a targeted agent, resulting in drug resistance and clinical failure of the drug. Drugs designed to act against individual molecular targets cannot usually combat multifactorial diseases like cancer, or diseases that affect multiple tissues or cell types such as diabetes and immunoinflammatory diseases. Combination drugs that affect multiple targets simultaneously are better at controlling complex disease systems and are less prone to drug resistance. This multicomponent therapy forms the basis of phytotherapy or phytomedicine where the holistic therapeutic effect arises as a result of complex positive (synergistic) or negative (antagonistic) interactions between different components of a cocktail. In this approach, multicomponent therapy is considered to be advantageous for multifactorial diseases, instead of a "magic bullet" the metaphor of a "herbal shotgun" might better explain the state of affairs. The different interactions between various components might involve the protection of an active substance from decomposition by enzymes, modification of transport across membranes of cells or organelles, evasion of multidrug resistance mechanisms among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor A Rather
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, India.
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Li W, Wang M, Wang L, Ji S, Zhang J, Zhang C. Icariin Synergizes with Arsenic Trioxide to Suppress Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 68:427-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Vinod BS, Maliekal TT, Anto RJ. Phytochemicals as chemosensitizers: from molecular mechanism to clinical significance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1307-48. [PMID: 22871022 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the clinical relevance of chemosensitization, giving special reference to the phenolic phytochemicals, curcumin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, emodin, and resveratrol, which are potential candidates due to their ability to regulate multiple survival pathways without inducing toxicity. We also give a brief summary of all the clinical trials related to the important phytochemicals that emerge as chemosensitizers. The mode of action of these phytochemicals in regulating the key players of the death receptor pathway and multidrug resistance proteins is also abridged. Rigorous efforts in identifying novel chemosensitizers and unraveling their molecular mechanism have resulted in some of the promising candidates such as curcumin, genistein, and polyphenon E, which have gone into clinical trials. Even though considerable research has been conducted in identifying the salient molecular players either contributing to drug efflux or inhibiting DNA repair and apoptosis, both of which ultimately lead to the development of chemoresistance, the interdependence of the molecular pathways leading to chemoresistance is still the impeding factor in the success of chemotherapy. Even though clinical trials are going on to evaluate the chemosensitizing efficacy of phytochemicals such as curcumin, genistein, and polyphenon E, recent results indicate that more intense study is required to confirm their clinical efficacy. Current reports also warrant intense investigation about the use of more phytochemicals such as quercetin, emodin, and resveratrol as chemosensitizers, as all of them have been shown to modulate one or more of the key regulators of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandran S Vinod
- Cancer Research Program, Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Aravindan S, Natarajan M, Herman TS, Awasthi V, Aravindan N. Molecular basis of 'hypoxic' breast cancer cell radio-sensitization: phytochemicals converge on radiation induced Rel signaling. Radiat Oncol 2013; 8:46. [PMID: 23452621 PMCID: PMC3599951 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-8-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneously distributed hypoxic areas are a characteristic property of locally advanced breast cancers (BCa) and generally associated with therapeutic resistance, metastases, and poor patient survival. About 50% of locally advanced BCa, where radiotherapy is less effective are suggested to be due to hypoxic regions. In this study, we investigated the potential of bioactive phytochemicals in radio-sensitizing hypoxic BCa cells. METHODS Hypoxic (O2-2.5%; N2-92.5%; CO2-5%) MCF-7 cells were exposed to 4 Gy radiation (IR) alone or after pretreatment with Curcumin (CUR), curcumin analog EF24, neem leaf extract (NLE), Genistein (GEN), Resveratrol (RES) or raspberry extract (RSE). The cells were examined for inhibition of NFκB activity, transcriptional modulation of 88 NFκB signaling pathway genes, activation and cellular localization of radio-responsive NFκB related mediators, eNos, Erk1/2, SOD2, Akt1/2/3, p50, p65, pIκBα, TNFα, Birc-1, -2, -5 and associated induction of cell death. RESULTS EMSA revealed that cells exposed to phytochemicals showed complete suppression of IR-induced NFκB. Relatively, cells exposed EF24 revealed a robust inhibition of IR-induced NFκB. QPCR profiling showed induced expression of 53 NFκB signaling pathway genes after IR. Conversely, 53, 50, 53, 53, 53 and 53 of IR-induced genes were inhibited with EF24, NLE, CUR, GEN, RES and RSE respectively. In addition, 25, 29, 24, 16, 11 and 21 of 35 IR-suppressed genes were further inhibited with EF24, NLE, CUR, GEN, RES and RSE respectively. Immunoblotting revealed a significant attenuating effect of IR-modulated radio-responsive eNos, Erk1/2, SOD2, Akt1/2/3, p50, p65, pIκBα, TNFα, Birc-1, -2 and -5 with EF24, NLE, CUR, GEN, RES or RSE. Annexin V-FITC staining showed a consistent and significant induction of IR-induced cell death with these phytochemicals. Notably, EF24 robustly conferred IR-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data identifies the potential hypoxic cell radio-sensitizers and further implies that the induced radio-sensitization may be exerted by selectively targeting IR-induced NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Lange F, Rateitschak K, Kossow C, Wolkenhauer O, Jaster R. Insights into erlotinib action in pancreatic cancer cells using a combined experimental and mathematical approach. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6226-6234. [PMID: 23180942 PMCID: PMC3501770 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i43.6226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To gain insights into the molecular action of erlotinib in pancreatic cancer (PC) cells.
METHODS: Two PC cell lines, BxPC-3 and Capan-1, were treated with various concentrations of erlotinib, the specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126, and protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor XIV. DNA synthesis was measured by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assays. Expression and phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream signaling molecules were quantified by Western blot analysis. The data were processed to calibrate a mathematical model, based on ordinary differential equations, describing the EGFR-mediated signal transduction.
RESULTS: Erlotinib significantly inhibited BrdU incorporation in BxPC-3 cells at a concentration of 1 μmol/L, whereas Capan-1 cells were much more resistant. In both cell lines, MEK inhibitor U0126 and erlotinib attenuated DNA synthesis in a cumulative manner, whereas the AKT pathway-specific inhibitor did not enhance the effects of erlotinib. While basal phosphorylation of EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) did not differ much between the two cell lines, BxPC-3 cells displayed a more than five-times higher basal phospho-AKT level than Capan-1 cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) at 10 ng/mL induced the phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT and ERK in both cell lines with similar kinetics. In BxPC-3 cells, higher levels of phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK (normalized to the total protein levels) were observed. Independent of the cell line, erlotinib efficiently inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT and ERK. The mathematical model successfully simulated the experimental findings and provided predictions regarding phosphoprotein levels that could be verified experimentally.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest basal AKT phosphorylation and the degree of EGF-induced activation of AKT and ERK as molecular determinants of erlotinib efficiency in PC cells.
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Haq S, Ali S, Mohammad R, Sarkar FH. The complexities of epidemiology and prevention of gastrointestinal cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23202913 PMCID: PMC3497287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131012556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer epidemiology and prevention is one of the most well studied fields today. The more we can understand about the incidence and pathogenesis of this disease, the better we will be able to prevent it. Effective prevention strategies can decrease the mortality rate of cancer significantly; this is why it is important to delineate the underlying causes. It has been well recognized that genetic mutations, sporadic or hereditary, may lead to increased chance of tumorigenesis. Detecting genetic mutations can lead to the identification of high-risk individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes, which may assist in devising prevention strategies. Further, environmental factors are known to play important roles in epidemiology and suggest prevention tools that could be implemented to reduce cancer incidence and subsequent cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. Chemoprevention has been tried in colon cancer and is finding new advancements in other carcinomas as well. Out of many environmental cancer preventive agents, the most notable developments are the identification of the role of vitamins E, vitamin D and folic acid. Increased consumption of these vitamins has shown to be inversely correlated with cancer risk. This review will highlight important aspects of cancer epidemiology in the most aggressive carcinomas of the gastrointestinal system focusing on colorectal adenocarcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Additionally, some of the well-known and evolving aspects of epidemiology of colorectal and pancreatic cancer along with current and new prevention strategies will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Haq
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Shadan Ali
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Ramzi Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Fazlul H. Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.); (R.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-313-576-8327; Fax: +1-313-576-8389
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Sensitization of Cervical Cancer Cells to Cisplatin by Genistein: The Role of NFκB and Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:461562. [PMID: 23056046 PMCID: PMC3463978 DOI: 10.1155/2012/461562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is among the top causes of death from cancer in women. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival; however, cisplatin treatment is associated with toxicity to healthy cells. Genistein has been used as an adjunct to chemotherapy to enhance the activity of chemotherapeutic agents without causing increased toxicity. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of genistein (25 μM) on antitumor activity of cisplatin (250 nM) on HeLa cervical cancer cells. We have examined the alterations in expression of NF-κB, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K1, p-4E-BP1, and p-Akt protein levels in response to treatment. The combination of 25 μM genistein with 250 nM cisplatin resulted in significantly greater growth inhibition (P < 0.01). Genistein enhanced the antitumor activity of cisplatin and reduced the expression of NF-κB, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K1, p-4E-BP1, and p-Akt. The results in the present study suggest that genistein could enhance the activity of cisplatin via inhibition of NF-κB and Akt/mTOR pathways. Genistein is a promising nontoxic nutritional agent that may enhance treatment outcome in cervical cancer patients when given concomitantly with cisplatin. Clinical trials of genistein and cisplatin combination are warranted to test this hypothesis.
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Xu Y, Zhang J, Han J, Pan X, Cao Y, Guo H, Pan Y, An Y, Li X. Curcumin inhibits tumor proliferation induced by neutrophil elastase through the upregulation of α1-antitrypsin in lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2012; 6:405-17. [PMID: 22507634 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung carcinogenesis is a complex process in an unregulated inflammatory environment. Curcumin has been extensively investigated as a multi-target anti-tumor and anti-inflammation compound. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel inflammation-related mechanism for curcumin-induced inhibition of lung tumor growth. We found that neutrophil elastase, an important regulator of inflammatory processes, directly triggered tumor cell proliferation in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, and curcumin could completely suppress the excess tumor proliferation induced by neutrophil elastase. α1-antitrypsin is synthesized by tumor cells and is the natural inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. We found that curcumin counteracted the decrease of α1-antitrypsin induced by neutrophil elastase by inducing the promoter activity of α1-antitrypsin and promoting its expression in A549 cells. The inhibition of neutrophil elastase-induced proliferation by curcumin was dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway. Knockdown of α1-antitrypsin by siRNA further enhanced the tumor cell proliferation induced by neutrophil elastase and significantly blocked the anti-proliferation effect of curcumin against neutrophil elastase. Curcumin remarkably inhibited the primary tumor growth of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in C57BL/6 mice. We further showed that curcumin upregulated the level of α1-antitrypsin in primary tumor tissue by promoting its local expression, and the protein level of neutrophil elastase in tumor tissue was obviously decreased in mice treated with curcumin. Overall, our results suggest that neutrophil elastase and α1-antitrypsin play important roles in modulating lung tumor proliferation in inflammatory microenvironment and curcumin inhibits neutrophil elastase-induced tumor proliferation via upregulating α1-antitrypsin expression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Institute of System Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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