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Immunostimulatory Activity of Cordyceps militaris Fermented with Pediococcus pentosaceus SC11 Isolated from a Salted Small Octopus in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunocompromised Mice and Its Inhibitory Activity against SARS-CoV 3CL Protease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122321. [PMID: 36557573 PMCID: PMC9781638 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the immune-enhancing and anti-viral effects of germinated Rhynchosia nulubilis (GRC) fermented with Pediococcus pentosaceus SC11 (GRC-SC11) isolated from a salted small octopus. The cordycepin, β-glucan, and total flavonoid contents increased in GRC after SC11 fermentation. GRC-SC11 inhibits 3CL protease activity in severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). GRC-SC11 significantly increased thymus and spleen indices in immunocompromised mice. The rate of splenocyte proliferation was higher in GRC-SC11-treated immunocompromised mice than that in GRC-treated immunocompromised mice in the presence or absence of concanavalin A. In addition, GRC-SC11 increased the phagocytic activity and nitric oxide production in immunocompromised mice. The mRNA expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interferon-alpha (IFN-α), and interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) was up-regulated in GRC-SC11 treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, compared to GRC. Our study indicates that GRC-SC11 might be a potential therapeutic agent for immunocompromised patients who are vulnerable to SARS-CoV infection.
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Hu XM, Li ZX, Zhang DY, Yang YC, Fu SA, Zhang ZQ, Yang RH, Xiong K. A systematic summary of survival and death signalling during the life of hair follicle stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:453. [PMID: 34380571 PMCID: PMC8359037 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are among the most widely available resources and most frequently approved model systems used for studying adult stem cells. HFSCs are particularly useful because of their self-renewal and differentiation properties. Additionally, the cyclic growth of hair follicles is driven by HFSCs. There are high expectations for the use of HFSCs as favourable systems for studying the molecular mechanisms that contribute to HFSC identification and can be applied to hair loss therapy, such as the activation or regeneration of hair follicles, and to the generation of hair using a tissue-engineering strategy. A variety of molecules are involved in the networks that critically regulate the fate of HFSCs, such as factors in hair follicle growth and development (in the Wnt pathway, Sonic hedgehog pathway, Notch pathway, and BMP pathway), and that suppress apoptotic cues (the apoptosis pathway). Here, we review the life cycle, biomarkers and functions of HFSCs, concluding with a summary of the signalling pathways involved in HFSC fate for promoting better understanding of the pathophysiological changes in the HFSC niche. Importantly, we highlight the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic targets involved in pathways associated with the treatment of hair loss and other disorders of skin and hair, including alopecia, skin cancer, skin inflammation, and skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Dan-Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shen-Ao Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zai-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Rong-Hua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, #81, Lingnan North Road, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Wang Z, Nan W, Si H, Wang S, Zhang H, Li G. Pantothenic acid promotes dermal papilla cell proliferation in hair follicles of American minks via inhibitor of DNA Binding 3/Notch signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 252:117667. [PMID: 32304761 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pantothenic acid (PA) has been applied to treat alopecia, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Our study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of PA in regulating hair follicle (HF) growth. MAIN METHODS Mink HFs and dermal papilla (DP) cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. HFs and DP cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 40 μg/ml PA. The effect of PA on HF growth, DP cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell migration, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions in DP cells was measured. Moreover, the effect of PA on inhibitor of DNA binding 3 (ID3)/Notch signaling pathway was analyzed. Subsequently, ID3 was silenced to validate whether ID3/Notch signaling pathway was involved in regulating DP cell proliferation by PA. KEY FINDINGS Both 20 μg/ml and 40 μg/ml PA promoted HF growth, G1/S transition of DP cells and IGF-1 and VEGF expressions in DP cells, while only 20 μg/ml PA promoted cell viability and the migration of DP cells. Thus 20 μg/ml PA was chosen for the following experiments. PA treatment was found to up-regulate ID3 expression but down-regulate Notch receptor 1 (Notch1) and Notch signaling targets expressions. Furthermore, ID3 knockdown reversed PA-induced cell proliferation and inhibition of Notch1 and Notch signaling targets expressions, indicating that PA-induced DP cell proliferation and inhibition of Notch signaling were mediated via up-regulation of ID3. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides an underlying mechanism related to the effect of PA on stimulating DP cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiao Nan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhe Si
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangyu Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130112, People's Republic of China.
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Wen L, Shi D, Zhou T, Liu H, Jiang Y, Yang B. Immunomodulatory mechanism of α-d-(1→6)-glucan isolated from banana. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6995-7003. [PMID: 35518514 PMCID: PMC9061079 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana is a delicious fruit with potent immunomodulatory function. In this study, α-d-(1→6)-glucan was purified from banana pulp. It could significantly promote pinocytic activity and production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The mRNA expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6 and TNF-α was increased in RAW264.7 macrophages. α-d-(1→6)-glucan could not only increase the expression levels of p-p65 and p-IκBα, but also induce the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 into the nucleus. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p-ERK, p-JNK and p-p38, were upregulated. These results suggested that NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways were involved in the immunomodulatory mechanisms of α-d-(1→6)-glucan. The results revealed that α-d-(1→6)-glucan might be the critical component responsible for the health benefits of banana. Banana is a delicious fruit with potent immunomodulatory function.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
| | - Dingding Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
| | - Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
| | - Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
- South China Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
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Effects of platelets on cancer progression. Thromb Res 2018; 164 Suppl 1:S40-S47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu X, Zhao XH. Effect of fermentation times and extracting solvents on the in vitro immune potentials of the soluble extracts of mucor-fermented Mao-tofu. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:707-714. [PMID: 30263595 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucor-fermented Mao-tofu at 3-7 days was extracted using water (pH 4.5 and pH 6.5) and ethanol solutions (40 and 80%, v/v). At protein concentration of 40 μg/mL, all the extracts showed immune activities via activating macrophages, splenocytes, and natural killer cells, which enhances the secretion of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and lysozyme, but inhibits the secretion of IL-4. All the extracts exhibited higher activities than that of soybean protein, demonstrating that Mucor-mediated fermentation enhanced the immune potentials of Mao-tofu. Fermentation time of 6 days ensured the extracts the highest activities, whereas lower activities were detected. The highest and lowest activities were detected on using a solution of water (pH 6.5) and 40% ethanol, respectively. The extract obtained using water (pH 6.5) contained more Arg and Cys with immune significance, which partially contributed to its high activities. Both fermentation times and extracting solvents were thus proved to affect the immune activities of soluble Mao-tofu extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- 1Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People's Republic of China.,2Department of Food Science, Harbin University, Harbin, 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- 1Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People's Republic of China
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Abe A, Nagatsuma AK, Higuchi Y, Nakamura Y, Yanagihara K, Ochiai A. Site-specific fibroblasts regulate site-specific inflammatory niche formation in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:92-103. [PMID: 26694715 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts are the commonest type of cancer stromal cells. Inflammation occurs in cancer tissue, and the inflammatory process has been suggested to be caused by interactions between immune cells and cancer cells. In this study, we clarified that site-specific fibroblasts regulate the formation of a site-specific inflammatory niche according to the depth of gastric cancer cell invasion. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed with paraffin-embedded tissues. The numbers of immune cells and the fibroblast area were calculated according to the cancer depth. The gene expression patterns of submucosal fibroblasts and subperitoneal fibroblasts stimulated with HSC44PE-conditioned medium were analyzed with a microarray. To examine the effects on the cancer microenvironment of differences in gene expressions between HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts and subperitoneal fibroblasts, assays of HSC44PE proliferation, T cell migration, and M2-like macrophage differentiation were performed. RESULTS The distributions of immune cells differed between the submucosal layer and the subserosal layer. The number of M2 macrophages was significantly higher and the fibroblast area was significantly larger in the subserosal layer compared with the submucosal layer. High expression levels of IL1B, TNFSF15, and CCL13 were observed in HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts, and higher expression levels of TGFB2, CSF1, CCL8, and CXCL5 were found in HSC44PE-stimulated subperitoneal fibroblasts. HSC44PE-stimulated subperitoneal fibroblast medium promoted the differentiation of monocytes into M2-like macrophages, whereas HSC44PE-stimulated submucosal fibroblasts significantly induced the migration of Jurkat cells and the growth of HSC44PE cells. CONCLUSION The dynamic states of immune cells differ between the submucosal and subserosal layers in cancer tissues. Site-specific fibroblasts regulate site-specific inflammatory niche formation according to the depth of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abe
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawano Nagatsuma
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Youichi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
- Pathology Division, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
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Hirayama H, Koyama K, Sawai K, Fujii T, Naito A, Fukuda S, Kageyama S. Localization of TGF-β and TGF-β receptor in bovine term placentome and expression differences between spontaneous and induced parturition. Placenta 2015; 36:1239-45. [PMID: 26382756 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mechanisms of detachment of fetal membrane after parturition in cattle are poorly understood. Glucocorticoids trigger the initiation of parturition and may facilitate the placental maturation. We compared the disappearance of trophoblast binucleate cells (BNCs) and expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) in term placentomes between spontaneous and induced parturition to investigate the influences of glucocorticoids on the placental maturity. METHODS Cows were delivered spontaneously (SP group) or after the administration of prostaglandin (PG) F(2)α (PG group); dexamethasone, PGF(2)α, and estriol (DEX group); and triamcinolone acetonide, PGF(2)α, and betamethasone (BET group) and placentomes were collected immediately after parturition. The number of BNCs in hematoxylin and eosin stained section was examined. Protein localization and mRNA levels of TGFB and its receptor (TGFBR) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS TGFB1 is characteristically localized in the maternal septum in caruncle in contrast to TGFB2 and TGFB3, which are mainly found in cotyledonary villi and maternal epithelial cells. TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 colocalized in BNCs. The number of BNCs was lower in the SP group than in PG and DEX groups. mRNA levels of TGFB1, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 in the SP group differed from PG and DEX groups. There was no difference between SP and BET groups in all analyses. DISCUSSION These results indicate that parturition inductions using PGF(2)α or dexamethasone were not able to induce disappearance of BNCs and change of TGFB signaling. Results in the BET group suggest that investigation into types, dose, and dosage schedule of glucocorticoids may facilitate placental maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hirayama
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Koyama
- Dairy Cow Group, Konsen Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido Research Organization, Nakashibetsu, Hokkaido 086-1135, Japan
| | - Ken Sawai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujii
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Shigeo Fukuda
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Soichi Kageyama
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
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Jung JY, Shin JS, Lee SG, Rhee YK, Cho CW, Hong HD, Lee KT. Lactobacillus sakei K040706 evokes immunostimulatory effects on macrophages through TLR 2-mediated activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yu HM, Yang JL, Jiao SC, Wang JD, Li Y. TGF-β1 precursor and CD8 are potential prognostic and predictive markers in operated breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:51-58. [PMID: 24496679 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and CD8-positive T cells are two important immune factors that function at opposite directions. The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between the two factors and their associations with long-term effects of adjuvant chemotherapy or endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Expression of TGF-β1 precursor and CD8 was immunohistochemically detected on surgically-obtained tumor samples of 130 (stage I-III) invasive breast carcinomas from Chinese subjects, who were followed up for a mean time of 112 months. Interstitial CD8-positive cells and TGF-β1 precursor-positive cells adjacent to tumor nests were counted. Infiltration of CD8-positive lymphocytes into tumor nests and TGF-β1 precursor expression in tumor cells were observed and survival analysis was performed. Our results showed that density of interstitial CD8-positive lymphocytes was an independent adverse prognostic factor for distant disease-free survival (DDFS) (HR=8.416, 95% CI=1.636-43.292, P=0.011) in hormone receptor-positive patients who were on adjuvant endocrine therapy. For breast cancer patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, those without infiltration of CD8-positive cells into tumor nests had a shorter overall survival (OS) than their counterparts with CD8-positive cell infiltration into tumor nests (Log-Rank, P=0.003). But OS of patients without infiltration of CD8-positive cells into tumor nests was significantly prolonged by adjuvant chemotherapy (Log-Rank, P=0.013) and paralleled that of patients with CD8-positive cell infiltration. Although OS was shorter in the tumor cell TGF-β1 precursor (t-TGF-β1-pre)-positive patients than in the negative patients in patients without receiving chemotherapy (P=0.053), OS of t-TGF-β1-pre-positive patients was significantly prolonged by adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.035) and was longer than that of t-TGF-β1-pre-negative patients. Analysis showed that t-TGF-β1-pre was an independent positive prognostic factor for DDFS (HR=0.392 95% CI=0.157-0.978, P=0.045) in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. This study suggested that density of interstitial CD8-positive lymphocytes was of prognostic value in hormone receptor-positive patients who received adjuvant endocrine therapy. Our study verified that adverse immunologic signatures consisting of absence of CD8-positive cells in tumor nests or expression of TGF-β1 precursor in tumor cells in breast cancer were associated with worse prognosis and significantly improved long-term survival with adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jun-Lan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shun-Chang Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China
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Rishikaysh P, Dev K, Diaz D, Qureshi WMS, Filip S, Mokry J. Signaling involved in hair follicle morphogenesis and development. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1647-70. [PMID: 24451143 PMCID: PMC3907891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15011647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle morphogenesis depends on Wnt, Shh, Notch, BMP and other signaling pathways interplay between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The Wnt pathway plays an essential role during hair follicle induction, Shh is involved in morphogenesis and late stage differentiation, Notch signaling determines stem cell fate while BMP is involved in cellular differentiation. The Wnt pathway is considered to be the master regulator during hair follicle morphogenesis. Wnt signaling proceeds through EDA/EDAR/NF-κB signaling. NF-κB regulates the Wnt pathway and acts as a signal mediator by upregulating the expression of Shh ligand. Signal crosstalk between epithelial and mesenchymal cells takes place mainly through primary cilia. Primary cilia formation is initiated with epithelial laminin-511 interaction with dermal β-1 integrin, which also upregulates expression of downstream effectors of Shh pathway in dermal lineage. PDGF signal transduction essential for crosstalk is mediated through epithelial PDGF-A and PDGFRα expressed on the primary cilia. Dermal Shh and PDGF signaling up-regulates dermal noggin expression; noggin is a potent inhibitor of BMP signaling which helps in counteracting BMP mediated β-catenin inhibition. This interplay of signaling between the epithelial and dermal lineage helps in epithelial Shh signal amplification. The dermal Wnt pathway helps in upregulation of epithelial Notch expression. Dysregulation of these pathways leads to certain abnormalities and in some cases even tumor outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisal Rishikaysh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh Qureshi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislav Filip
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Mokry
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Wang TY, Li J, Jin Z, Wu F, Zhou Q. Inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on NO production in peritoneal macrophages from collagen-induced arthritis rats involving the LPS-TLR4 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1143-8. [PMID: 23970162 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is critical in controlling inflammatory responses and the prevention of autoimmune diseases. Although the effect of TGF-β1 on macrophages from normal mice or rats has been established, little attention has been paid to its effect on disease conditions. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory effect, and possible mechanism, of TGF-β1 exposure on the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) in peritoneal macrophages (PMΦ) obtained from collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. The CIA model was established by immunizing the emulsion of collagen type II and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) in Wistar rats. PMΦ were incubated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) for 36 h and the supernatant, and cell mRNA and protein were collected. NO concentration was determined using an NO assay kit. The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein expression of iNOS was tested with western blot analysis. The expression of membrane TLR4 was determined by flow cytometry. We discovered that the secretion of NO from the PMΦ of CIA rats increased compared with normal rats. TGF-β1 significantly inhibited the production of NO in the PMΦ from CIA rats. iNOS mRNA and protein expression in the PMΦ from CIA rats may be suppressed by TGF-β1. TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in PMΦ from CIA rats were upregulated with LPS stimulation and treatment with TGF-β1 inhibited their expression. These results demonstrated that TGF-β1 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in the PMΦ from CIA rats, which may be due to the inhibition of the LPS-TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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13
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Immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Cheonggukjang. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:476-84. [PMID: 23831309 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cheonggukjang is a Korean whole soybean paste fermented by Bacillus subtilis and regarded as a healthy food. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Cheonggukjang (PSCJ) in RAW 264.7 macrophages and an animal model. PSCJ induced mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by activating nuclear factor-κB, and subsequently increased the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α in murine recombinant interferon-γ-primed RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, after daily oral administration of PSCJ, immobility time decreased significantly in the PSCJ-administered group (200 or 400 mg/kg) on day 10. Taken together, these results suggest that the PSCJ has a possible role improving immune function through regulatory effects on immunological parameters, such as NO and TNF-α productions and changes in indicators related to fatigue.
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Peng J, Tsang JYS, Li D, Niu N, HO DHH, Lau KF, Lui VCH, Lamb JR, Chen Y, Tam PKH. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling in combination with TLR7 ligation re-programs a tumoricidal phenotype in tumor-associated macrophages. Cancer Lett 2013; 331:239-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Wu T, Sun C, Chen Z, Zhen Y, Peng J, Qi Z, Yang X, Zhao Y. Smad3-Deficient CD11b+Gr1+Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Prevent Allograft Rejection via the Nitric Oxide Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:4989-5000. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Predina JD, Judy B, Fridlender ZG, Aliperti LA, Madajewski B, Kapoor V, Cheng G, Quatromoni J, Okusanya O, Singhal S. A positive-margin resection model recreates the postsurgical tumor microenvironment and is a reliable model for adjuvant therapy evaluation. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:745-55. [PMID: 22617772 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.20557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 30% of cancer patients undergoing curative surgery develop local recurrences due to positive margins. Patients typically receive adjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy and/or radiation to prevent such relapses. Interestingly, evidence supporting these therapies is traditionally derived in animal models of primary tumors, thus failing to consider surgically induced tumor microenvironment changes that may influence adjuvant therapy efficacy. To address this consideration, we characterized a murine model of local cancer recurrence. This model was reproducible and generated a postoperative inflammatory tumor microenvironment that resembles those observed following human cancer surgery. To further validate this model, antagonists of two pro-inflammatory mediators, TGFβ and COX-2, were tested and found to be effective in decreasing the growth of recurrent tumors. We appreciated that preoperative TGFβ inhibition led to wound dehiscence, while postoperative initiation of COX-2 inhibition resulted in a loss of efficacy. In summary, although not an exact replica of all human cancer surgeries, our proposed local recurrence approach provides a biologically relevant and reliable model useful for preclinical evaluation of novel adjuvant therapies. The use of this model yields results that may be overlooked using traditional preclinical cancer models that fail to incorporate a surgical component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod D Predina
- Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Li Z, Pang Y, Gara SK, Achyut BR, Heger C, Goldsmith PK, Lonning S, Yang L. Gr-1+CD11b+ cells are responsible for tumor promoting effect of TGF-β in breast cancer progression. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2584-95. [PMID: 22487809 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One great challenge in our understanding of TGF-β cancer biology and the successful application of TGF-β-targeted therapy is that TGF-β works as both a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter. The underlying mechanisms for its functional change remain to be elucidated. Using 4T1 mammary tumor model that shares many characteristics with human breast cancer, particularly its ability to spontaneously metastasize to the lungs, we demonstrate that Gr-1+CD11b+ cells or myeloid derived suppressor cells are important mediators in TGF-β regulation of mammary tumor progression. Depletion of Gr-1+CD11b+ cells diminished the antitumor effect of TGF-β neutralization. Two mechanisms were involved: first, treatment with TGF-β neutralization antibody (1D11) significantly decreased the number of Gr-1+CD11b+ cells in tumor tissues and premetastatic lung. This is mediated through increased Gr-1+CD11b+ cell apoptosis. In addition, 1D11 treatment significantly decreased the expression of Th2 cytokines and Arginase 1. Interestingly, the number and property of Gr-1+CD11b+ cells in peripheral blood/draining lymph nodes correlated with tumor size and metastases in response to 1D11 treatment. Our data suggest that the efficacy of TGF-β neutralization depends on the presence of Gr-1+CD11b+ cells, and these cells could be good biomarkers for TGF-β-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20876-4258, USA
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18
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Rani R, Smulian AG, Greaves DR, Hogan SP, Herbert DR. TGF-β limits IL-33 production and promotes the resolution of colitis through regulation of macrophage function. Eur J Immunol 2011. [PMID: 21469118 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041135.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mϕs promote tissue injury or repair depending on their activation status and the local cytokine milieu. It remains unclear whether the immunosuppressive effects of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) serve a nonredundant role in Mϕ function in vivo. We generated Mϕ-specific transgenic mice that express a truncated TGF-β receptor II under control of the CD68 promoter (CD68TGF-βDNRII) and subjected these mice to the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of colitis. CD68TGF-βDNRII mice have an impaired ability to resolve colitic inflammation as demonstrated by increased lethality, granulocytic inflammation, and delayed goblet cell regeneration compared with transgene negative littermates. CD68TGF-βDNRII mice produce significantly less IL-10, but have increased levels of IgE and numbers of IL-33+ Mϕs than controls. These data are consistent with associations between ulcerative colitis and increased IL-33 production in humans and suggest that TGF-β may promote the suppression of intestinal inflammation, at least in part, through direct effects on Mϕ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rani
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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19
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Rani R, Smulian AG, Greaves DR, Hogan SP, Herbert DR. TGF-β limits IL-33 production and promotes the resolution of colitis through regulation of macrophage function. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2000-9. [PMID: 21469118 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mϕs promote tissue injury or repair depending on their activation status and the local cytokine milieu. It remains unclear whether the immunosuppressive effects of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) serve a nonredundant role in Mϕ function in vivo. We generated Mϕ-specific transgenic mice that express a truncated TGF-β receptor II under control of the CD68 promoter (CD68TGF-βDNRII) and subjected these mice to the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of colitis. CD68TGF-βDNRII mice have an impaired ability to resolve colitic inflammation as demonstrated by increased lethality, granulocytic inflammation, and delayed goblet cell regeneration compared with transgene negative littermates. CD68TGF-βDNRII mice produce significantly less IL-10, but have increased levels of IgE and numbers of IL-33+ Mϕs than controls. These data are consistent with associations between ulcerative colitis and increased IL-33 production in humans and suggest that TGF-β may promote the suppression of intestinal inflammation, at least in part, through direct effects on Mϕ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rani
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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20
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Fridlender ZG, Sun J, Kim S, Kapoor V, Cheng G, Ling L, Worthen GS, Albelda SM. Polarization of tumor-associated neutrophil phenotype by TGF-beta: "N1" versus "N2" TAN. Cancer Cell 2009; 16:183-94. [PMID: 19732719 PMCID: PMC2754404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2298] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TGF-beta blockade significantly slows tumor growth through many mechanisms, including activation of CD8(+) T cells and macrophages. Here, we show that TGF-beta blockade also increases neutrophil-attracting chemokines, resulting in an influx of CD11b(+)/Ly6G(+) tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) that are hypersegmented, more cytotoxic to tumor cells, and express higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, following TGF-beta blockade, depletion of these neutrophils significantly blunts antitumor effects of treatment and reduces CD8(+) T cell activation. In contrast, in control tumors, neutrophil depletion decreases tumor growth and results in more activated CD8(+) T cells intratumorally. Together, these data suggest that TGF-beta within the tumor microenvironment induces a population of TAN with a protumor phenotype. TGF-beta blockade results in the recruitment and activation of TANs with an antitumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi G Fridlender
- Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, 1016B ARC, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
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