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Crispin-Ortuzar M, Woitek R, Reinius MAV, Moore E, Beer L, Bura V, Rundo L, McCague C, Ursprung S, Escudero Sanchez L, Martin-Gonzalez P, Mouliere F, Chandrananda D, Morris J, Goranova T, Piskorz AM, Singh N, Sahdev A, Pintican R, Zerunian M, Rosenfeld N, Addley H, Jimenez-Linan M, Markowetz F, Sala E, Brenton JD. Integrated radiogenomics models predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6756. [PMID: 37875466 PMCID: PMC10598212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that typically presents at an advanced, metastatic state. The multi-scale complexity of HGSOC is a major obstacle to predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and understanding critical determinants of response. Here we present a framework to predict the response of HGSOC patients to NACT integrating baseline clinical, blood-based, and radiomic biomarkers extracted from all primary and metastatic lesions. We use an ensemble machine learning model trained to predict the change in total disease volume using data obtained at diagnosis (n = 72). The model is validated in an internal hold-out cohort (n = 20) and an independent external patient cohort (n = 42). In the external cohort the integrated radiomics model reduces the prediction error by 8% with respect to the clinical model, achieving an AUC of 0.78 for RECIST 1.1 classification compared to 0.47 for the clinical model. Our results emphasize the value of including radiomics data in integrative models of treatment response and provide methods for developing new biomarker-based clinical trials of NACT in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Crispin-Ortuzar
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ramona Woitek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Analysis and AI (MIAAI), Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Marika A V Reinius
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Moore
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucian Beer
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vlad Bura
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonardo Rundo
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Cathal McCague
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephan Ursprung
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorena Escudero Sanchez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Martin-Gonzalez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florent Mouliere
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - James Morris
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Teodora Goranova
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna M Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naveena Singh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anju Sahdev
- Department of Radiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Roxana Pintican
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Radiology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marta Zerunian
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome-Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nitzan Rosenfeld
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Addley
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mercedes Jimenez-Linan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Markowetz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evis Sala
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Western Balkans University, Tirana, Albania
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Zhang C, Sheng Y, Sun X, Wang Y. New insights for gynecological cancer therapies: from molecular mechanisms and clinical evidence to future directions. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:891-925. [PMID: 37368179 PMCID: PMC10584725 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Advanced and recurrent gynecological cancers lack effective treatment and have poor prognosis. Besides, there is urgent need for conservative treatment for fertility protection of young patients. Therefore, continued efforts are needed to further define underlying therapeutic targets and explore novel targeted strategies. Considerable advancements have been made with new insights into molecular mechanisms on cancer progression and breakthroughs in novel treatment strategies. Herein, we review the research that holds unique novelty and potential translational power to alter the current landscape of gynecological cancers and improve effective treatments. We outline the advent of promising therapies with their targeted biomolecules, including hormone receptor-targeted agents, inhibitors targeting epigenetic regulators, antiangiogenic agents, inhibitors of abnormal signaling pathways, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, agents targeting immune-suppressive regulators, and repurposed existing drugs. We particularly highlight clinical evidence and trace the ongoing clinical trials to investigate the translational value. Taken together, we conduct a thorough review on emerging agents for gynecological cancer treatment and further discuss their potential challenges and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Female Tumor Reproductive Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Sheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Female Tumor Reproductive Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Female Tumor Reproductive Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Female Tumor Reproductive Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China
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3
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Sivasubramanian M, Chu CH, Cheng SH, Chen NT, Chen CT, Chuang YC, Yu H, Chen YL, Liao LD, Lo LW. Multimodal Magnetic Resonance and Photoacoustic Imaging of Tumor-Specific Enzyme-Responsive Hybrid Nanoparticles for Oxygen Modulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:910902. [PMID: 35910012 PMCID: PMC9326367 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.910902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal imaging contrast agents for cancer that can not only perform diagnostic functions but also serve as tumor microenvironment–responsive biomaterials are encouraging. In this study, we report the design and fabrication of a novel enzyme-responsive T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that can modulate oxygen in the tumor microenvironment via the catalytic conversion of H2O2 to O2. The T1 contrast agent is a core–shell nanoparticle that consists of manganese oxide and hyaluronic acid (HA)–conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (HA-MnO@MSN). The salient features of the nanoparticle developed in this study are as follows: 1) HA serves as a targeting ligand for CD44-expressing cancer cells; 2) HA allows controlled access of water molecules to the MnO core via the digestion of enzyme hyaluronidase; 3) the generation of O2 bubbles in the tumor by consuming H2O2; and 4) the capability to increase the oxygen tension in the tumor. The r1 relaxivity of HA-MnO@MSN was measured to be 1.29 mM−1s−1 at a magnetic field strength of 9.4 T. In vitro results demonstrated the ability of continuous oxygen evolution by HA-MnO@MSN. After intratumoral administration of HA-MnO@MSN to an HCT116 xenograft mouse model, T1 weighted MRI contrast was observed after 5 h postinjection and retained up to 48 h. In addition, in vivo photoacoustic imaging of HA-MnO@MSN demonstrated an increase in the tumor oxygen saturation over time after i. t. administration. Thus, the core–shell nanoparticles developed in this study could be helpful in tumor-targeted T1 MR imaging and oxygen modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharajan Sivasubramanian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsun Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yao Chen Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hsia Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Lun-De Liao, ; Leu-Wei Lo,
| | - Leu-Wei Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Lun-De Liao, ; Leu-Wei Lo,
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Braccini S, Tacchini C, Chiellini F, Puppi D. Polymeric Hydrogels for In Vitro 3D Ovarian Cancer Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3265. [PMID: 35328686 PMCID: PMC8954571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) grows and interacts constantly with a complex microenvironment, in which immune cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, signal molecules and the extracellular matrix (ECM) coexist. This heterogeneous environment provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells and undergoes constant and dynamic remodeling that actively promotes tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Despite the fact that traditional 2D cell culture systems have led to relevant medical advances in cancer research, 3D cell culture models could open new possibilities for the development of an in vitro tumor microenvironment more closely reproducing that observed in vivo. The implementation of materials science and technology into cancer research has enabled significant progress in the study of cancer progression and drug screening, through the development of polymeric scaffold-based 3D models closely recapitulating the physiopathological features of native tumor tissue. This article provides an overview of state-of-the-art in vitro tumor models with a particular focus on 3D OC cell culture in pre-clinical studies. The most representative OC models described in the literature are presented with a focus on hydrogel-based scaffolds, which guarantee soft tissue-like physical properties as well as a suitable 3D microenvironment for cell growth. Hydrogel-forming polymers of either natural or synthetic origin investigated in this context are described by highlighting their source of extraction, physical-chemical properties, and application for 3D ovarian cancer cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dario Puppi
- BioLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM-Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (C.T.)
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Sharma V, Letson J, Furuta S. Fibrous stroma: Driver and passenger in cancer development. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabg3449. [PMID: 35258999 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abg3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence shows that fibrogenic stroma and stiff extracellular matrix (ECM) not only result from tumor growth but also play pivotal roles in cellular transformation and tumor initiation. This emerging concept may largely account for the increased cancer risk associated with environmental fibrogenic agents, such as asbestos and silica, and with chronic conditions that are fibrogenic, such as obesity and diabetes. It may also contribute to poor outcomes in patients treated with certain chemotherapeutics that can promote fibrosis, such as bleomycin and methotrexate. Although the mechanistic details of this phenomenon are still being unraveled, we provide an overview of the experimental evidence linking fibrogenic stroma and tumor initiation. In this Review, we will summarize the causes and consequences of fibrous stroma and how this stromal cue is transmitted to the nuclei of parenchymal cells through a physical continuum from the ECM to chromatin, as well as ECM-dependent biochemical signaling that contributes to cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Joshua Letson
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Saori Furuta
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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I.p.-injected cationic liposomes are retained and accumulate in peritoneally disseminated tumors. J Control Release 2021; 341:524-532. [PMID: 34896447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal (i.p) chemotherapy is an attractive approach to treat peritoneally disseminated cancers by delivering therapeutic agents directly to the peritoneal cavity where some disseminated tumors are located. Cationic liposomes (CLs) have been used as a viable delivery carrier for i.p. chemotherapy to improve the peritoneal retention of anticancer agents. However, there are no reports on the fate of CLs following i.p. administration to the peritoneal cavity in the presence of disseminated tumors. We prepared a tumor xenograft murine model of peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer by i.p. inoculation of human gastric cancer cells and followed the fate of either CLs or PEGylated CLs (PEG-CLs) after i.p. injection in the model. I.p.-injected CLs were retained in peritoneal cavity for at least 3 days post-injection as a result of clustering with ascites fluid proteins, mainly albumin, while i.p. PEG-CLs was rapidly cleared from the peritoneal cavity to the circulation within 3 h post-injection. Importantly, i.p. CLs efficiently accumulated in the targeted disseminated tumor cells, but not in other abdominal organs including liver, spleen, and kidney. The tumor selectivity upon i.p. administration of CLs may be associated with the lymphatic drainage system. A lipoplex formulation composed of CLs with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against luciferase, a model therapeutic agent, suppressed luciferase activity in peritoneally disseminated tumors by 80%, with no cytokine secretion in serum. This suggests that i.p. CLs can efficiently deliver a therapeutic agent to peritoneally disseminated tumors with few systemic adverse events. These results suggest that i.p. treatment with CLs or non-PEGylated lipoplexes may be a promising approach for the treatment of peritoneally disseminated cancers through their ability to selectively deliver therapeutic agents to i.p. target sites with minimal systemic adverse events.
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Differential Angiogenic Potential of 3-Dimension Spheroid of HNSCC Cells in Mouse Xenograft. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158245. [PMID: 34361027 PMCID: PMC8348975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental animal model is still essential in the development of new anticancer drugs. We characterized mouse tumors derived from two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cells or three-dimensional (3D) spheroids to establish an in vivo model with highly standardized conditions. Primary cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were cultured from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor tissues and co-injected with monolayer cancer cells or spheroids into the oral mucosa of mice. Mice tumor blood vessels were stained, followed by tissue clearing and 3D Lightsheet fluorescent imaging. We compared the effect of exosomes secreted from 2D or 3D culture conditions on the angiogenesis-related genes in HNSCC cells. Our results showed that both the cells and spheroids co-injected with primary CAFs formed tumors. Interestingly, vasculature was abundantly distributed inside the spheroid-derived but not the monolayer-derived mice tumors. In addition, cisplatin injection more significantly decreased spheroid-derived but not monolayer-derived tumor size in mice. Additionally, exosomes isolated from co-culture media of FaDu spheroid and CAF upregulated angiogenesis-related genes in HNSCC cells as compared to exosomes from FaDu cell and CAF co-culture media under in vitro conditions. The mouse tumor xenograft model derived from 3D spheroids of HNSCC cells with primary CAFs is expected to produce reliable chemotherapy drug screening results given the robust angiogenesis and lack of necrosis inside tumor tissues.
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Busmann EF, Kollan J, Mäder K, Lucas H. Ovarian Accumulation of Nanoemulsions: Impact of Mice Age and Particle Size. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158283. [PMID: 34361049 PMCID: PMC8347032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery comes with great benefits due to the unique physicochemical properties of newly developed nanocarriers. However, they may come as well with severe toxicological side effects because of unwanted accumulation in organs outside of their targeted site of actions. Several studies showed an unintended accumulation of various nanocarriers in female sex organs, especially in the ovaries. Some led to inflammation, fibrosis, or decreasing follicle numbers. However, none of these studies investigated ovarian accumulation in context to both reproductive aging and particle size. Besides the influences of particle size, the biodistribution profile may be altered as well by reproductive aging because of reduced capacities of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), changes in sex steroid hormone levels as well as altering ovarian stromal blood flow. This systematic investigation of the biodistribution of intravenously (i.v) injected nanoemulsions revealed significant dependencies on the two parameters particle size and age starting from juvenile prepubescent to senescent mice. Using fluorescent in vivo and ex vivo imaging, prepubescent mice showed nearly no accumulation of nanoemulsion in their uteri and ovaries, but high accumulations in the organs of the RES liver and spleen independently of the particle size. In fertile adult mice, the accumulation increased significantly in the ovaries with an increased particle size of the nanoemulsions by nearly doubling the portion of the average radiant efficiency (PARE) to ~10% of the total measured signal of all excised organs. With reproductive aging and hence loss of fertility in senescent mice, the accumulation decreased again to moderate levels, again independently of the particle size. In conclusion, the ovarian accumulation of these nanocarriers depended on both the age plus the particle size during maturity.
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Moody AS, Dayton PA, Zamboni WC. Imaging methods to evaluate tumor microenvironment factors affecting nanoparticle drug delivery and antitumor response. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:382-413. [PMID: 34796317 PMCID: PMC8597952 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Standard small molecule and nanoparticulate chemotherapies are used for cancer treatment; however, their effectiveness remains highly variable. One reason for this variable response is hypothesized to be due to nonspecific drug distribution and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, which affect tumor delivery of the agents. Nanoparticle drugs have many theoretical advantages, but due to variability in tumor microenvironment (TME) factors, the overall drug delivery to tumors and associated antitumor response are low. The nanotechnology field would greatly benefit from a thorough analysis of the TME factors that create these physiological barriers to tumor delivery and treatment in preclinical models and in patients. Thus, there is a need to develop methods that can be used to reveal the content of the TME, determine how these TME factors affect drug delivery, and modulate TME factors to increase the tumor delivery and efficacy of nanoparticles. In this review, we will discuss TME factors involved in drug delivery, and how biomedical imaging tools can be used to evaluate tumor barriers and predict drug delivery to tumors and antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber S. Moody
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Paul A. Dayton
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William C. Zamboni
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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10
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Yetkin-Arik B, Kastelein AW, Klaassen I, Jansen CHJR, Latul YP, Vittori M, Biri A, Kahraman K, Griffioen AW, Amant F, Lok CAR, Schlingemann RO, van Noorden CJF. Angiogenesis in gynecological cancers and the options for anti-angiogenesis therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188446. [PMID: 33058997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required in cancer, including gynecological cancers, for the growth of primary tumors and secondary metastases. Development of anti-angiogenesis therapy in gynecological cancers and improvement of its efficacy have been a major focus of fundamental and clinical research. However, survival benefits of current anti-angiogenic agents, such as bevacizumab, in patients with gynecological cancer, are modest. Therefore, a better understanding of angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment in gynecological cancers is urgently needed to develop more effective anti-angiogenic therapies, either or not in combination with other therapeutic approaches. We describe the molecular aspects of (tumor) blood vessel formation and the tumor microenvironment and provide an extensive clinical overview of current anti-angiogenic therapies for gynecological cancers. We discuss the different phenotypes of angiogenic endothelial cells as potential therapeutic targets, strategies aimed at intervention in their metabolism, and approaches targeting their (inflammatory) tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud W Kastelein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte H J R Jansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yani P Latul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miloš Vittori
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aydan Biri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koru Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Korhan Kahraman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederic Amant
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christianne A R Lok
- Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Fahmy HM, Abd El-Daim TM, Mohamed HAAENE, Mahmoud EAAEQ, Abdallah EAS, Mahmoud Hassan FEZ, Maihop DI, Amin AEAE, Mustafa ABE, Hassan FMA, Mohamed DME, Shams-Eldin EMM. Multifunctional nanoparticles in stem cell therapy for cellular treating of kidney and liver diseases. Tissue Cell 2020; 65:101371. [PMID: 32746989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The review gives an overview of the mechanisms of internalization and distribution of nanoparticles in stem cells this is achieved via providing analysis of the methods used in exploring the migration routes of stem cells, and their reciprocity. In addition, exploring microenvironment target in the body, and tracking the fate of exogenously transplanted stem cells by using innovative and non-invasive techniques will also be discussed. Such techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimodality tracking, optical imaging, and nuclear medicine imaging, which were designed to follow up stem cell migration. This review will explain the various distinctive strategies to enhance homing of labeled stem cells with nanoparticles into damaged hepatic and renal tissues, this purpose was obtained by inducing a specific gene into stem cells, various chemokines, and applying an external magnetic field. Also, this work illustrates how to improve nanoparticles uptake by using transfection agents or covalently binding an exogenous protein (i.e., Human immunodeficiency virus-Tat protein) or conjugating a receptor-specific monoclonal antibody or make modifications to iron coat. It contains stem cell labeling methods such as extracellular labeling and internalization approaches. Ultimately, our review indicates trails of researchers in nanoparticles utilization in stem cell therapy in both kidney and liver diseases.
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12
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Sawyer TW, Koevary JW, Rice FPS, Howard CC, Austin OJ, Connolly DC, Cai KQ, Barton JK. Quantification of multiphoton and fluorescence images of reproductive tissues from a mouse ovarian cancer model shows promise for early disease detection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-16. [PMID: 31571434 PMCID: PMC6768507 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.9.096010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer due predominantly to late diagnosis. Early detection of ovarian cancer can increase 5-year survival rates from 40% up to 92%, yet no reliable early detection techniques exist. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a relatively new imaging technique sensitive to endogenous fluorophores, which has tremendous potential for clinical diagnosis, though it is limited in its application to the ovaries. Wide-field fluorescence imaging (WFI) has been proposed as a complementary technique to MPM, as it offers high-resolution imagery of the entire organ and can be tailored to target specific biomarkers that are not captured by MPM imaging. We applied texture analysis to MPM images of a mouse model of ovarian cancer. We also conducted WFI targeting the folate receptor and matrix metalloproteinases. We find that texture analysis of MPM images of the ovary can differentiate between genotypes, which is a proxy for disease, with high statistical significance (p < 0.001). The wide-field fluorescence signal also changes significantly between genotypes (p < 0.01). We use the features to classify multiple tissue groups to over 80% accuracy. These results suggest that MPM and WFI are promising techniques for the early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W. Sawyer
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Jennifer W. Koevary
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Faith P. S. Rice
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Caitlin C. Howard
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Olivia J. Austin
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | | | - Kathy Q. Cai
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Barton
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- Address all correspondence to Jennifer K. Barton, E-mail:
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13
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Riehl M, Harms M, Göttel B, Kubas H, Schiroky D, Mäder K. Acid-induced degradation of widely used NIR dye DiR causes hypsochromic shift in fluorescence properties. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 132:27-33. [PMID: 30797028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
DiR (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide) is one of the most widely used near-infrared dyes for in-vivo imaging due to its favorable optical properties. So far, chemical stability has been taken for granted by most investigators. However, in a recently published imaging study, we found that DiR can exert a hypsochromic shift in fluorescence in-vivo, potentially induced by low pH. This behavior may disturb kinetic measurements and the readout of additional markers fluorescing at lower wavelengths. The present in-vitro experiments were conducted to verify the findings from our in-vivo study and to elucidate the changes of the optical properties of DiR. For this purpose, DiR was incubated in a pH range from pH 2 to neutral pH over 42 days. Fluorescence and absorption measurements as well as mass spectrometry analytics (MS) were conducted to monitor the degradation process of DiR. The protonation effect on DiR optical behavior was estimated using in-silico modelling. For the most acidic sample, a distinct decrease in DIR-fluorescence was noted and several degradation products could be analyzed via MS, confirming the initial hypothesis. Ultimately, scientists should be aware of the possibility of acid-induced DiR degradation, especially when adding a second fluorescence label for dual dye imaging or performing quantitative data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Riehl
- Institute of Pharmacy Faculty I of Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Meike Harms
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benedikt Göttel
- Institute of Pharmacy Faculty I of Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Holger Kubas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dirk Schiroky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy Faculty I of Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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14
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Mesothelial to mesenchyme transition as a major developmental and pathological player in trunk organs and their cavities. Commun Biol 2018; 1:170. [PMID: 30345394 PMCID: PMC6191446 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal organs embedded in the cavities are lined by an epithelial monolayer termed the mesothelium. The mesothelium is increasingly implicated in driving various internal organ pathologies, as many of the normal embryonic developmental pathways acting in mesothelial cells, such as those regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, also drive disease progression in adult life. Here, we summarize observations from different animal models and organ systems that collectively point toward a central role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in driving tissue fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. Thus, drugs targeting pathways of mesothelium’s transition may have broad therapeutic benefits in patients suffering from these diseases. Tim Koopmans and Yuval Rinkevich review recent findings linking the mesothelium’s embryonic programs that drive epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition with adult pathologies, such as fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. They highlight new avenues for drug development that would target pathways of the mesothelium’s mesenchymal transition.
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15
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Zuazo-Gaztelu I, Casanovas O. Unraveling the Role of Angiogenesis in Cancer Ecosystems. Front Oncol 2018; 8:248. [PMID: 30013950 PMCID: PMC6036108 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the tumor and stromal cell-driven angiogenic program is one of the first requirements in the tumor ecosystem for growth and dissemination. The understanding of the dynamic angiogenic tumor ecosystem has rapidly evolved over the last decades. Beginning with the canonical sprouting angiogenesis, followed by vasculogenesis and intussusception, and finishing with vasculogenic mimicry, the need for different neovascularization mechanisms is further explored. In addition, an overview of the orchestration of angiogenesis within the tumor ecosystem cellular and molecular components is provided. Clinical evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of traditional vessel-directed antiangiogenics, stressing on the important role of angiogenesis in tumor establishment, dissemination, and growth. Particular focus is placed on the interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding ecosystem, which is now regarded as a promising target for the development of new antiangiogenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Zuazo-Gaztelu
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Zhang J, Wu Z, Fan Z, Qin Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Wu M, Chen Y, Wu C, Wang J. Pericardial application as a new route for implanting stem-cell cardiospheres to treat myocardial infarction. J Physiol 2018; 596:2037-2054. [PMID: 29736937 PMCID: PMC5983168 DOI: 10.1113/jp275548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Cardiospheres (CSps) are a promising new form of cardiac stem cells with advantage over other stem cells for myocardial regeneration, but direct implantation of CSps by conventional routes has been limited due to potential embolism. We have implanted CSps into the pericardial cavity and systematically demonstrated its efficacy regarding myocardial infarction. Stem cell potency and cell viability can be optimized in vitro prior to implantation by pre-conditioning CSps with pericardial fluid and hydrogel packing. Transplantation of optimized CSps into the pericardial cavity improved cardiac function and alleviated myocardial fibrosis, increased myocardial cell survival and promoted angiogenesis. Mechanistically, CSps are able to directly differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vivo and promote regeneration of myocardial cells and blood vessels through a paracrine effect with released growth factors as potential paracrine mediators. These findings establish a new strategy for therapeutic myocardial regeneration to treat myocardial infarction. ABSTRACT Cardiospheres (CSps) are a new form of cardiac stem cells with an advantage over other stem cells for myocardial regeneration. However, direct implantation of CSps by conventional routes to treat myocardial infarction has been limited due to potential embolism. We have implanted CSps into the pericardial cavity and systematically assessed its efficacy on myocardial infarction. Preconditioning with pericardial fluid enhanced the activity of CSps and matrix hydrogel prolonged their viability. This shows that pretransplant optimization of stem cell potency and maintenance of cell viability can be achieved with CSps. Transplantation of optimized CSps into the pericardial cavity improved cardiac function and alleviated myocardial fibrosis in the non-infarcted area, and increased myocardial cell survival and promoted angiogenesis in the infarcted area. Mechanistically, CSps were able to directly differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vivo and promoted regeneration of myocardial cells and blood vessels in the infarcted area through a paracrine effect with released growth factors in pericardial cavity serving as possible paracrine mediators. This is the first demonstration of direct pericardial administration of pre-optimized CSps, and its effectiveness on myocardial infarction by functional and morphological outcomes with distinct mechanisms. These findings establish a new strategy for therapeutic myocardial regeneration to treat myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120PR China
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Zepei Fan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Zixi Qin
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Jiayuan Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120PR China
| | - Maoxiong Wu
- Department of CardiologyThe Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120PR China
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120PR China
| | - Changhao Wu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHU.K.
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120PR China
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17
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Riehl M, Harms M, Lucas H, Ebensen T, Guzmán CA, Mäder K. Dual dye in-vivo imaging of differentially charged PLGA carriers reveals antigen-depot effect, leading to improved immune responses in preclinical models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 117:88-97. [PMID: 29408551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present in-vivo study investigated the behavior and performance of differently charged poly(lactic‑co‑glycolic) acid microparticles (PLGA MP) as vaccination platform. For this purpose, particles loaded with ovalbumin (OVA) as model antigen were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected in SKH1 mice. The utilized SKH1 hairless mice exhibit a fully operative immune system and allow parallel imaging investigations due to the lack of hair. Usage of this species enabled the combination of two investigations within a single study protocol, namely noninvasive in-vivo imaging and immune responses directed towards the antigen. All treatments were well tolerated, no safety drop-outs occurred. The fate of the model antigen OVA as well as the PLGA particles was monitored using a dual dye approach (CF660C & DiR) by multispectral fluorescence imaging (msFI). A depot effect for the OVA antigen adsorbed to the MP surface could be observed for the positively charged MPs. The immune response against OVA was then analyzed. OVA alone did not induce an immune response, whereas the positively charged as well as the neutral MP induced a strong and consistent humoral immune response with a clear favor of IgG1 over IgG2a subclass antibodies. In contrast, negatively charged MP were not able to induce measurable antibody responses. Cellular immune response was weak and inconsistent for all treated groups, which verifies previous in-vitro results conducted with the herein described microparticulate antigen platform. In conclusion, the characterization of the in-vivo performance yielded valuable information about antigen and carrier fate after application. The presented adjuvant platform is capable of inducing strong TH2 dominated immune responses characterized by enhanced IgG1 subclass titers which are critical for vaccines aimed at promoting induction of neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Riehl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty I of Natural Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; Department Pharmaceutical Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Meike Harms
- Department Pharmaceutical Technologies, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Henrike Lucas
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty I of Natural Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty I of Natural Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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18
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Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role not only in the growth and regeneration of tissues in humans but also in pathological conditions such as inflammation, degenerative disease and the formation of tumors. Angiogenesis is also vital in thick engineered tissues and constructs, such as those for the heart and bone, as these can face difficulties in successful implantation if they are insufficiently vascularized or unable to connect to the host vasculature. Considerable research has been carried out on angiogenic processes using a variety of approaches. Pathological angiogenesis has been analyzed at the cellular level through investigation of cell migration and interactions, modeling tissue level interactions between engineered blood vessels and whole organs, and elucidating signaling pathways involved in different angiogenic stimuli. Approaches to regenerative angiogenesis in ischemic tissues or wound repair focus on the vascularization of tissues, which can be broadly classified into two categories: scaffolds to direct and facilitate tissue growth and targeted delivery of genes, cells, growth factors or drugs that promote the regeneration. With technological advancement, models have been designed and fabricated to recapitulate the innate microenvironment. Moreover, engineered constructs provide not only a scaffold for tissue ingrowth but a reservoir of agents that can be controllably released for therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes the current approaches for modeling pathological and regenerative angiogenesis in the context of micro-/nanotechnology and seeks to bridge these two seemingly distant aspects of angiogenesis. The ultimate aim is to provide insights and advances from various models in the realm of angiogenesis studies that can be applied to clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jiun Chen
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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19
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Thuwajit C, Ferraresi A, Titone R, Thuwajit P, Isidoro C. The metabolic cross-talk between epithelial cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts in ovarian cancer progression: Autophagy plays a role. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1235-1254. [PMID: 28926101 PMCID: PMC6032948 DOI: 10.1002/med.21473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and stromal cells, which include (cancer‐associated) fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells, constitute a mixed cellular ecosystem that dynamically influences the behavior of each component, creating conditions that ultimately favor the emergence of malignant clones. Ovarian cancer cells release cytokines that recruit and activate stromal fibroblasts and immune cells, so perpetuating a state of inflammation in the stroma that hampers the immune response and facilitates cancer survival and propagation. Further, the stroma vasculature impacts the metabolism of the cells by providing or limiting the availability of oxygen and nutrients. Autophagy, a lysosomal catabolic process with homeostatic and prosurvival functions, influences the behavior of cancer cells, affecting a variety of processes such as the survival in metabolic harsh conditions, the invasive growth, the development of immune and chemo resistance, the maintenance of stem‐like properties, and dormancy. Further, autophagy is involved in the secretion and the signaling of promigratory cytokines. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts can influence the actual level of autophagy in ovarian cancer cells through the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and the release of autophagy‐derived metabolites and substrates. Interrupting the metabolic cross‐talk between cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts could be an effective therapeutic strategy to arrest the progression and prevent the relapse of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alessandra Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Nanobioimaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Rossella Titone
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Nanobioimaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Peti Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Nanobioimaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy.,Visiting Professor at Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Du YE, Tu G, Yang G, Li G, Yang D, Lang L, Xi L, Sun K, Chen Y, Shu K, Liao H, Liu M, Hou Y. MiR-205/YAP1 in Activated Fibroblasts of Breast Tumor Promotes VEGF-independent Angiogenesis through STAT3 Signaling. Theranostics 2017; 7:3972-3988. [PMID: 29109792 PMCID: PMC5667419 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor angiogenesis. However, the role of the activated cancer associated-fibroblasts (CAFs) in angiogenesis is still unclear. Here we report that miR-205/YAP1 signaling in the activated stromal fibroblasts plays a critical role in VEGF-independent angiogenesis in breast tumor. Methods: miR-205 expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR); YAP1 expression by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry; IL11 and IL15 expression by qRT-PCR, western blotting and ELISA. Tube formation and three-dimensioned sprouting assays in vitro, and orthotopic Xenografts in vivo were conducted as angiogenesis experiments. The mechanism of miR-205/YAP1-mediated tumor angiogenesis was analyzed via overexpression and shRNA, siRNA, or antibody neutralization experiments in combination with anti-VEGF antibody or Axitinib. Results: miR-205/YAP1 signaling axis activates breast normal fibroblasts (NFs) into CAFs, promotes tubule formation and sprouting of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Rescue of miR-205 in CAFs blunts angiogenesis processes. YAP1, a target of miR-205, does not regulate VEGF expression but specifically enhances IL11 and IL15 expressions, maintaining tumor angiogenesis even in the presence of Axitinib or after exhaustion of VEGF by neutralizing VEGF antibody. IL11 and IL15 released from CAFs activate STAT3 signaling in HUVECs. Blockage of IL11 and IL15 expression in CAFs results in the inactivation of STAT3-signaling in HUVECs and repression of the CAF-induced angiogenesis. The blunt angiogenesis halts the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vivo. Conclusions: These results provide a novel insight into breast CAF-induced tumor angiogenesis in a VEGF-independent manner.
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21
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Caron JM, Ames JJ, Contois L, Liebes L, Friesel R, Muggia F, Vary CPH, Oxburgh L, Brooks PC. Inhibition of Ovarian Tumor Growth by Targeting the HU177 Cryptic Collagen Epitope. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 186:1649-61. [PMID: 27216148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that stromal cells play critical roles in tumor growth. Uncovering new mechanisms that control stromal cell behavior and their accumulation within tumors may lead to development of more effective treatments. We provide evidence that the HU177 cryptic collagen epitope is selectively generated within human ovarian carcinomas and this collagen epitope plays a role in SKOV-3 ovarian tumor growth in vivo. The ability of the HU177 epitope to regulate SKOV-3 tumor growth depends in part on its ability to modulate stromal cell behavior because targeting this epitope inhibited angiogenesis and, surprisingly, the accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin-expressing stromal cells. Integrin α10β1 can serve as a receptor for the HU177 epitope in α-smooth muscle actin-expressing stromal cells and subsequently regulates Erk-dependent migration. These findings are consistent with a mechanism by which the generation of the HU177 collagen epitope provides a previously unrecognized α10β1 ligand that selectively governs angiogenesis and the accumulation of stromal cells, which in turn secrete protumorigenic factors that contribute to ovarian tumor growth. Our findings provide a new mechanistic understanding into the roles by which the HU177 epitope regulates ovarian tumor growth and provide new insight into the clinical results from a phase 1 human clinical study of the monoclonal antibody D93/TRC093 in patients with advanced malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Caron
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Jacquelyn J Ames
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Liangru Contois
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Leonard Liebes
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Robert Friesel
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Franco Muggia
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, New York, New York
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine.
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22
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Sikkandhar MG, Nedumaran AM, Ravichandar R, Singh S, Santhakumar I, Goh ZC, Mishra S, Archunan G, Gulyás B, Padmanabhan P. Theranostic Probes for Targeting Tumor Microenvironment: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1036. [PMID: 28492519 PMCID: PMC5454948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long gone is the time when tumors were thought to be insular masses of cells, residing independently at specific sites in an organ. Now, researchers gradually realize that tumors interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), blood vessels, connective tissues, and immune cells in their environment, which is now known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). It has been found that the interactions between tumors and their surrounds promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The dynamics and diversity of TME cause the tumors to be heterogeneous and thus pose a challenge for cancer diagnosis, drug design, and therapy. As TME is significant in enhancing tumor progression, it is vital to identify the different components in the TME such as tumor vasculature, ECM, stromal cells, and the lymphatic system. This review explores how these significant factors in the TME, supply tumors with the required growth factors and signaling molecules to proliferate, invade, and metastasize. We also examine the development of TME-targeted nanotheranostics over the recent years for cancer therapy, diagnosis, and anticancer drug delivery systems. This review further discusses the limitations and future perspective of nanoparticle based theranostics when used in combination with current imaging modalities like Optical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Nuclear Imaging (Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography (SPECT)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Musafar Gani Sikkandhar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Anu Maashaa Nedumaran
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Roopa Ravichandar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Satnam Singh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Induja Santhakumar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Zheng Cong Goh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Sachin Mishra
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India.
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
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Ramamonjisoa N, Ackerstaff E. Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor-Stroma Interaction by Non-invasive Preclinical Imaging. Front Oncol 2017; 7:3. [PMID: 28197395 PMCID: PMC5281579 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are often characterized by hypoxia, vascular abnormalities, low extracellular pH, increased interstitial fluid pressure, altered choline-phospholipid metabolism, and aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). The impact of these tumor characteristics has been investigated extensively in the context of tumor development, progression, and treatment response, resulting in a number of non-invasive imaging biomarkers. More recent evidence suggests that cancer cells undergo metabolic reprograming, beyond aerobic glycolysis, in the course of tumor development and progression. The resulting altered metabolic content in tumors has the ability to affect cell signaling and block cellular differentiation. Additional emerging evidence reveals that the interaction between tumor and stroma cells can alter tumor metabolism (leading to metabolic reprograming) as well as tumor growth and vascular features. This review will summarize previous and current preclinical, non-invasive, multimodal imaging efforts to characterize the tumor microenvironment, including its stromal components and understand tumor-stroma interaction in cancer development, progression, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirilanto Ramamonjisoa
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Ackerstaff
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Oren R, Addadi Y, Narunsky Haziza L, Dafni H, Rotkopf R, Meir G, Fishman A, Neeman M. Fibroblast recruitment as a tool for ovarian cancer detection and targeted therapy. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1788-98. [PMID: 27242346 PMCID: PMC5565769 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic ovarian cancer, the most lethal of gynecologic malignancies, is typically managed by debulking surgery, followed by chemotherapy. However, despite significant efforts, survival rate remains low. We have previously demonstrated, in mouse models, a specific systemic homing of labeled fibroblasts to solid ovarian tumors. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing this specific homing of genetically modified fibroblasts for detection and targeted therapy of orthotopic metastatic ovarian carcinoma model in immune-deficient mice. Using an in vivo metastatic mouse model for ovarian cancer, we demonstrated that fibroblasts expressing fluorescent reporters injected intra-peritoneally, were specifically recruited to peritoneal tumor nodules (resulting in 93-100% co-localization). We further used fibroblasts over expressing the soluble receptor variant of VEGFR1 (s-Flt1). Mice bearing tumors were injected weekly with either control or s-Flt1 expressing fibroblasts. Injection of s-Flt1 expressing fibroblasts resulted in a significant reduction in the ascites volume, reduced vascularization of adherent metastases, and improved overall survival. Using fluorescently labeled fibroblasts for tumor detection with readily available intra-operative fluorescence imaging tools may be useful for tumor staging and directing biopsies or surgical efforts during exploratory or debulking surgery. Fibroblasts may serve as a beacon pointing to the otherwise invisible metastases in the peritoneal cavity of ovarian cancer patients. Utilizing the recruited fibroblasts also for targeted delivery of anti angiogenic or antitumor molecules may aid in controlling tumor progression. Thus, these results suggest a novel approach for targeting ovarian tumor metastases for both tumor detection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Oren
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lian Narunsky Haziza
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagit Dafni
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gila Meir
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ami Fishman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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25
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Tate TH, Baggett B, Rice PFS, Koevary JW, Orsinger GV, Nymeyer AC, Welge WA, Saboda K, Roe DJ, Hatch KD, Chambers SK, Utzinger U, Barton JK. Multispectral fluorescence imaging of human ovarian and fallopian tube tissue for early-stage cancer detection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:56005. [PMID: 27220626 PMCID: PMC5996865 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.5.056005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With early detection, 5-year survival rates for ovarian cancer exceed 90%, yet no effective early screening method exists. Emerging consensus suggests over 50% of the most lethal form of the disease originates in the fallopian tube. Twenty-eight women undergoing oophorectomy or debulking surgery provided informed consent for the use of surgical discard tissue samples for multispectral fluorescence imaging. Using multiple ultraviolet and visible excitation wavelengths and emissions bands, 12 fluorescence and 6 reflectance images of 47 ovarian and 31 fallopian tube tissue samples were recorded. After imaging, each sample was fixed, sectioned, and stained for pathological evaluation. Univariate logistic regression showed cancerous tissue samples had significantly lower intensity than noncancerous tissue for 17 image types. The predictive power of multiple image types was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression (MLR) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). Two MLR models each using two image types had receiver operating characteristic curves with area under the curve exceeding 0.9. QDA determined 56 image type combinations with perfect resubstituting using as few as five image types. Adaption of the system for future in vivo fallopian tube and ovary endoscopic imaging is possible, which may enable sensitive detection of ovarian cancer with no exogenous contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler H. Tate
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Brenda Baggett
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Photini F. S. Rice
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jennifer Watson Koevary
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Gabriel V. Orsinger
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ariel C. Nymeyer
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Weston A. Welge
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kathylynn Saboda
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Denise J. Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Hatch
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Setsuko K. Chambers
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Urs Utzinger
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jennifer Kehlet Barton
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Zhang B, Jiang T, Ling L, Cao Z, Zhao J, Tuo Y, She X, Shen S, Jiang X, Hu Y, Pang Z. Enhanced Antitumor Activity of EGFP-EGF1-Conjugated Nanoparticles by a Multitargeting Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8918-8927. [PMID: 26890991 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor stromal cells have been increasingly recognized to interact with tumor parenchyma cells and promote tumor growth. Therefore, we speculated that therapeutics delivery to both parenchyma cells and stromal cells simultaneously might treat a tumor more effectively. Tissue factor (TF) was shown to be extensively located in a tumor and was abundantly sited in both tumor parenchyma cells and stromal cells including neo-vascular cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, and tumor-associated macrophages, indicating it might function as a favorable target for drug delivery to multiple cell types simultaneously. EGFP-EGF1 is a fusion protein derived from factor VII, the natural ligand of TF. It retains the specific TF binding capability but does not cause coagulation. In the present study, a nanoparticle modified with EGFP-EGF1 (ENP) was constructed as a multitargeting drug delivery system. The protein binding experiment showed EGFP-EGF1 could bind well to A549 tumor cells and other stromal cells including neo-vascular cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, and tumor-associated macrophages. Compared with unmodified nanoparticles (NP), ENP uptake by A549 cells and those stromal cells was significantly enhanced but inhibited by excessive free EGFP-EGF1. In addition, ENP induced more A549 tumor cell apoptosis than Taxol and NP when paclitaxel (PTX) was loaded. In vivo, ENP accumulated more specially in TF-overexpressed A549 tumors by in vivo imaging, mainly regions unoccupied by factor VII and targeted tumor parenchyma cells as well as different types of stromal cells by immunofluorescence staining. Treatment with PTX-loaded ENP (ENP-PTX) significantly reduced the A549 tumor growth in nude mice while NP-PTX- and Taxol-treated mice had lower response to the therapy. Furthermore, H&E and TUNEL staining revealed that ENP-PTX induced more severe tumor necrosis and more extensive cell apoptosis. Altogether, the present study demonstrated that ENP could target multiple key cell types in tumors through TF, which could be utilized to improve the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Li Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- Instrumental Analysis Center of School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanyan Tuo
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaojian She
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shun Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Hansen JM, Coleman RL, Sood AK. Targeting the tumour microenvironment in ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016; 56:131-143. [PMID: 26849037 PMCID: PMC4769921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study of cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis has traditionally been focused on cancer cells, and the view that they proliferate due to uncontrolled growth signalling owing to genetic derangements. However, uncontrolled growth in tumours cannot be explained solely by aberrations in cancer cells themselves. To fully understand the biological behaviour of tumours, it is essential to understand the microenvironment in which cancer cells exist, and how they manipulate the surrounding stroma to promote the malignant phenotype. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecologic cancer worldwide. The majority of patients will have objective responses to standard tumour debulking surgery and platinum-taxane doublet chemotherapy, but most will experience disease recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. As such, a great deal of effort has been put forth to develop therapies that target the tumour microenvironment in ovarian cancer. Herein, we review the key components of the tumour microenvironment as they pertain to this disease, outline targeting opportunities and supporting evidence thus far, and discuss resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Hansen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Houston, TX, USA.
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28
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Tang D, Gao J, Wang S, Ye N, Chong Y, Huang Y, Wang J, Li B, Yin W, Wang D. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote angiogenesis in gastric cancer through galectin-1 expression. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:1889-99. [PMID: 26323258 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-1, an evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding protein with angiogenic potential, was recently identified as being overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of gastric cancer. The role of endogenous CAF-derived galectin-1 on angiogenesis in gastric cancer and the mechanism involved remain unknown. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate the correlation between galectin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 expression in gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues. Galectin-1 was knocked down in CAFs isolated from gastric cancer using small interfering ribonucleic acid (RNA), or overexpressed using recombinant lentiviruses, and the CAFs were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or cancer cells. Subsequently, proliferation, migration, tube formation, and VEGF/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 2 expression were detected. The role of CAF-derived galectin-1 in tumor angiogenesis in vivo was studied using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. RESULTS Galectin-1 was highly expressed in the CAFs and was positively associated with VEGF and CD31 expression. In the co-culture, high expression of galectin-1 in the CAFs increased HUVEC proliferation, migration, tube formation, and VEGFR2 phosphorylation and enhanced VEGF expression in gastric cancer cells. The CAM assay indicated that high expression of galectin-1 in the CAFs accelerated tumor growth and promoted angiogenesis. In contrast, galectin-1 knockdown in the CAFs significantly inhibited this effect. CONCLUSION CAF-derived galectin-1 significantly promotes angiogenesis in gastric cancer and may be a target for angiostatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianyuan Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Li X, Zhao W, Liu X, Chen K, Zhu S, Shi P, Chen Y, Shi J. Mesoporous manganese silicate coated silica nanoparticles as multi-stimuli-responsive T1-MRI contrast agents and drug delivery carriers. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:378-387. [PMID: 26602820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel kind of monodisperse mesoporous manganese silicate coated silica nanoparticle (MMSSN) as a highly efficient T1-weighted MRI contrast agent (CA) and drug carrier for cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy has been constructed by a modified "SiO2 sacrifice and in situ silicate growth" approach under a relatively low hydrothermal temperature and alkali-free condition. The mesoporous manganese silicate shell provides a large specific surface area and abundant exposed Mn paramagnetic centers to water molecules, which endows the MMSSNs with extraordinarily high longitudinal relaxivity. Meanwhile, the MMSSNs presented an efficient pH/redox-responsive T1-MRI feature based on the significant enhancement of relaxation rate (r1) stimulated by mild acidic environment or reducing agent (GSH) both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the mesoporous structure and negatively charged pore surface of the manganese silicate shell enable the MMSSNs to attain anti-cancer drug (DOX) storage and a pH-responsive release, which is suitable for on-demand drug release for the chemotherapy of tumors. Therefore, the mesoporous manganese silicate-based nanomaterial is a promising candidate as T1-MRI CAs and anticancer-drug delivery carriers for the theranostics of tumor in an intelligent and on-demand manner. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE MRI is one of the most frequently used imaging techniques in daily clinics for cancer diagnosis. Using contrast agents (CAs) in MRI can afford much clearer and enlarged images of detectable organs. Gadolinium (Gd(3+))-based T1-positive CAs are widely used but associated with the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. To achieve much safer CAs, various Mn(2+)-based T1-positive CAs have been reported, such as MnO or core-shell MnOx-based nanoparticles. However, the efficiency of these CAs is still lower. Herein, we report a novel kind of mesoporous manganese silicate coated silica nanoparticle as CA and anti-cancer drug carrier. Results obtained from this study, especially the pH/redox-responsive T1-MRI feature are helpful for us to further design efficient MnSiO3-based materials for clinical MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenru Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiaohang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kaiqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shaojia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China.
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30
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Penet MF, Krishnamachary B, Chen Z, Jin J, Bhujwalla ZM. Molecular imaging of the tumor microenvironment for precision medicine and theranostics. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 124:235-56. [PMID: 25287691 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411638-2.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality from cancer and their associated conditions and treatments continue to extract a heavy social and economic global burden despite the transformative advances in science and technology in the twenty-first century. In fact, cancer incidence and mortality are expected to reach pandemic proportions by 2025, and costs of managing cancer will escalate to trillions of dollars. The inability to establish effective cancer treatments arises from the complexity of conditions that exist within tumors, the plasticity and adaptability of cancer cells coupled with their ability to escape immune surveillance, and the co-opted stromal cells and microenvironment that assist cancer cells in survival. Stromal cells, although destroyed together with cancer cells, have an ever-replenishing source that can assist in resurrecting tumors from any residual cancer cells that may survive treatment. The tumor microenvironment landscape is a continually changing landscape, with spatial and temporal heterogeneities that impact and influence cancer treatment outcome. Importantly, the changing landscape of the tumor microenvironment can be exploited for precision medicine and theranostics. Molecular and functional imaging can play important roles in shaping and selecting treatments to match this landscape. Our purpose in this review is to examine the roles of molecular and functional imaging, within the context of the tumor microenvironment, and the feasibility of their applications for precision medicine and theranostics in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Penet
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhihang Chen
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiefu Jin
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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31
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Clavreul A, Montagu A, Lainé AL, Tétaud C, Lautram N, Franconi F, Passirani C, Vessières A, Montero-Menei CN, Menei P. Targeting and treatment of glioblastomas with human mesenchymal stem cells carrying ferrociphenol lipid nanocapsules. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1259-71. [PMID: 25709447 PMCID: PMC4335613 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s69175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed drug delivery nanosystems, such as lipid nanocapsules (LNCs), hold great promise for the treatment of glioblastomas (GBs). In this study, we used a subpopulation of human mesenchymal stem cells, “marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible” (MIAMI) cells, which have endogenous tumor-homing activity, to deliver LNCs containing an organometallic complex (ferrociphenol or Fc-diOH), in the orthotopic U87MG GB model. We determined the optimal dose of Fc-diOH-LNCs that can be carried by MIAMI cells and compared the efficacy of Fc-diOH-LNC-loaded MIAMI cells with that of the free-standing Fc-diOH-LNC system. We showed that MIAMI cells entrapped an optimal dose of about 20 pg Fc-diOH per cell, with no effect on cell viability or migration capacity. The survival of U87MG-bearing mice was longer after the intratumoral injection of Fc-diOH-LNC-loaded MIAMI cells than after the injection of Fc-diOH-LNCs alone. The greater effect of the Fc-diOH-LNC-loaded MIAMI cells may be accounted for by their peritumoral distribution and a longer residence time of the drug within the tumor. These results confirm the potential of combinations of stem cell therapy and nanotechnology to improve the local tissue distribution of anticancer drugs in GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Clavreul
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Angélique Montagu
- INSERM UMR-S 1066, Université d'Angers, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
| | - Anne-Laure Lainé
- INSERM UMR-S 1066, Université d'Angers, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
| | - Clément Tétaud
- INSERM UMR-S 1066, Université d'Angers, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
| | - Nolwenn Lautram
- INSERM UMR-S 1066, Université d'Angers, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Menei
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
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32
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Zhang B, Zhang Y, Liao Z, Jiang T, Zhao J, Tuo Y, She X, Shen S, Chen J, Zhang Q, Jiang X, Hu Y, Pang Z. UPA-sensitive ACPP-conjugated nanoparticles for multi-targeting therapy of brain glioma. Biomaterials 2015; 36:98-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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33
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Youniss FM, Sundaresan G, Graham LJ, Wang L, Berry CR, Dewkar GK, Jose P, Bear HD, Zweit J. Near-infrared imaging of adoptive immune cell therapy in breast cancer model using cell membrane labeling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109162. [PMID: 25334026 PMCID: PMC4204826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall objective of this study is to non-invasively image and assess tumor targeting and retention of directly labeled T-lymphocytes following their adoptive transfer in mice. T-lymphocytes obtained from draining lymph nodes of 4T1 (murine breast cancer cell) sensitized BALB/C mice were activated in-vitro with Bryostatin/Ionomycin for 18 hours, and were grown in the presence of Interleukin-2 for 6 days. T-lymphocytes were then directly labeled with 1,1-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine Iodide (DiR), a lipophilic near infrared fluorescent dye that labels the cell membrane. Assays for viability, proliferation, and function of labeled T-lymphocytes showed that they were unaffected by DiR labeling. The DiR labeled cells were injected via tail vein in mice bearing 4T1 tumors in the flank. In some cases labeled 4T1 specific T-lymphocytes were injected a week before 4T1 tumor cell implantation. Multi-spectral in vivo fluorescence imaging was done to subtract the autofluorescence and isolate the near infrared signal carried by the T-lymphocytes. In recipient mice with established 4T1 tumors, labeled 4T1 specific T-lymphocytes showed marked tumor retention, which peaked 6 days post infusion and persisted at the tumor site for up to 3 weeks. When 4T1 tumor cells were implanted 1-week post-infusion of labeled T-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes responded to the immunologic challenge and accumulated at the site of 4T1 cell implantation within two hours and the signal persisted for 2 more weeks. Tumor accumulation of labeled 4T1 specific T-lymphocytes was absent in mice bearing Meth A sarcoma tumors. When lysate of 4T1 specific labeled T-lymphocytes was injected into 4T1 tumor bearing mice the near infrared signal was not detected at the tumor site. In conclusion, our validated results confirm that the near infrared signal detected at the tumor site represents the DiR labeled 4T1 specific viable T-lymphocytes and their response to immunologic challenge can be imaged in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M. Youniss
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gobalakrishnan Sundaresan
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Graham
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Collin R. Berry
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gajanan K. Dewkar
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Purnima Jose
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Harry D. Bear
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jamal Zweit
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kenny HA, Chiang CY, White EA, Schryver EM, Habis M, Romero IL, Ladanyi A, Penicka CV, George J, Matlin K, Montag A, Wroblewski K, Yamada SD, Mazar AP, Bowtell D, Lengyel E. Mesothelial cells promote early ovarian cancer metastasis through fibronectin secretion. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4614-28. [PMID: 25202979 DOI: 10.1172/jci74778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) metastasizes to organs in the abdominal cavity, such as the omentum, which are covered by a single layer of mesothelial cells. Mesothelial cells are generally thought to be "bystanders" to the metastatic process and simply displaced by OvCa cells to access the submesothelial extracellular matrix. Here, using organotypic 3D cultures, we found that primary human mesothelial cells secrete fibronectin in the presence of OvCa cells. Moreover, we evaluated the tumor stroma of 108 human omental metastases and determined that fibronectin was consistently overexpressed in these patients. Blocking fibronectin production in primary mesothelial cells in vitro or in murine models, either genetically (fibronectin 1 floxed mouse model) or via siRNA, decreased adhesion, invasion, proliferation, and metastasis of OvCa cells. Using a coculture model, we determined that OvCa cells secrete TGF-β1, which in turn activates a TGF-β receptor/RAC1/SMAD-dependent signaling pathway in the mesothelial cells that promotes a mesenchymal phenotype and transcriptional upregulation of fibronectin. Additionally, blocking α5 or β1 integrin function with antibodies reduced metastasis in an orthotopic preclinical model of OvCa metastasis. These findings indicate that cancer-associated mesothelial cells promote colonization during the initial steps of OvCa metastasis and suggest that mesothelial cells actively contribute to metastasis.
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Orsinger GV, Watson JM, Gordon M, Nymeyer AC, de Leon EE, Brownlee JW, Hatch KD, Chambers SK, Barton JK, Kostuk RK, Romanowski M. Simultaneous multiplane imaging of human ovarian cancer by volume holographic imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:36020. [PMID: 24676382 PMCID: PMC3967775 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.3.036020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecologic cancer, a fact which is attributable to poor early detection and survival once the disease has reached advanced stages. Intraoperative laparoscopic volume holographic imaging has the potential to provide simultaneous visualization of surface and subsurface structures in ovarian tissues for improved assessment of developing ovarian cancer. In this ex vivo ovarian tissue study, we assembled a benchtop volume holographic imaging system (VHIS) to characterize the microarchitecture of 78 normal and 40 abnormal tissue specimens derived from ovarian, fallopian tube, uterine, and peritoneal tissues, collected from 26 patients aged 22 to 73 undergoing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, or abdominal cytoreductive surgery. All tissues were successfully imaged with the VHIS in both reflectance- and fluorescence-modes revealing morphological features which can be used to distinguish between normal, benign abnormalities, and cancerous tissues. We present the development and successful application of VHIS for imaging human ovarian tissue. Comparison of VHIS images with corresponding histopathology allowed for qualitatively distinguishing microstructural features unique to the studied tissue type and disease state. These results motivate the development of a laparoscopic VHIS for evaluating the surface and subsurface morphological alterations in ovarian cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel V. Orsinger
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Jennifer M. Watson
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Michael Gordon
- University of Arizona, Department of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Ariel C. Nymeyer
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Erich E. de Leon
- University of Arizona, Department of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | | | - Kenneth D. Hatch
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Setsuko K. Chambers
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Jennifer K. Barton
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- University of Arizona, Department of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721
- University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Tucson, Arizona 85721
- Address all correspondence to: Jennifer K. Barton, E-mail:
| | - Raymond K. Kostuk
- University of Arizona, Department of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85721
- University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Marek Romanowski
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona 85719
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Clavreul A, Guette C, Faguer R, Tétaud C, Boissard A, Lemaire L, Rousseau A, Avril T, Henry C, Coqueret O, Menei P. Glioblastoma-associated stromal cells (GASCs) from histologically normal surgical margins have a myofibroblast phenotype and angiogenic properties. J Pathol 2014; 233:74-88. [PMID: 24481573 DOI: 10.1002/path.4332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) displays diffusely infiltrative growth patterns. Dispersive cells escape surgical resection and contribute to tumour recurrence within a few centimeters of the resection cavity in 90% of cases. We know that the non-neoplastic stromal compartment, in addition to infiltrative tumour cells, plays an active role in tumour recurrence. We isolated a new stromal cell population from the histologically normal surgical margins of GB by computer-guided stereotaxic biopsies and primary culture. These GB-associated stromal cells (GASCs) share phenotypic and functional properties with the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) described in the stroma of carcinomas. In particular, GASCs have tumour-promoting effects on glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, we describe a quantitative proteomic analysis, using iTRAQ labelling and mass spectrometry, to compare GASCs with control stromal cells derived from non-GB peripheral brain tissues. A total of 1077 proteins were quantified and 67 proteins were found to differ between GASCs and control stromal cells. Several proteins changed in GASCs are related to a highly motile myofibroblast phenotype, and to wound healing and angiogenesis. The results for several selected proteins were validated by western blotting or flow cytometry. Furthermore, the effect of GASCs on angiogenesis was confirmed using the orthotopic U87MG glioma model. In conclusion, GASCs, isolated from GB histologically normal surgical margins and found mostly near blood vessels, could be a vascular niche constituent establishing a permissive environment, facilitating angiogenesis and possibly colonization of recurrence-initiating cells. We identify various proteins as being expressed in GASCs: some of these proteins may serve as prognostic factors for GB and/or targets for anti-glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Clavreul
- LUNAM, Université d'Angers, France; INSERM U1066, Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques (MINT), Angers, France; Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, Angers, France
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Abstract
Research into cell therapy based cardiac repair and regeneration has experienced explosive growth over the last decade, however further progress is hindered by an inability to serially and non-invasively image cell survival and fate decisions following implantation. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporter gene techniques have enabled in vivo imaging of cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation, however this has mostly been performed in stationary tissues. A small series of recent studies has examined the possibility of using MRI reporter genes to track the survival of cells injected into the heart following myocardial infarction. In this review, we seek to frame the emerging field of MRI reporter gene based cardiac cell tracking within the larger framework of the needs of cardiac regeneration therapy and the more established field of MRI cell tracking. While initial studies have demonstrated a promising ability to track the viability and proliferation of cells used for cell therapy, the ultimate goal of MR reporter gene imaging in the heart remains the ability to simultaneously correlate cell fate decisions with additional measures of structural and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriel Vandsburger
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, 741 South Limestone, BBSRB 355, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
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Narunsky L, Oren R, Bochner F, Neeman M. Imaging aspects of the tumor stroma with therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:192-208. [PMID: 24134903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on extensive support from the stroma in order to survive, proliferate and invade. The tumor stroma is thus an important potential target for anti-cancer therapy. Typical changes in the stroma include a shift from the quiescence promoting-antiangiogenic extracellular matrix to a provisional matrix that promotes invasion and angiogenesis. These changes in the extracellular matrix are induced by changes in the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and glucose amino glycans, extravasation of plasma proteins from hyperpermeable vessels and release of matrix modifying enzymes resulting in cleavage and cross-linking of matrix macromolecules. These in turn alter the rigidity of the matrix and the exposure and release of cytokines. Changes in matrix rigidity and vessel permeability affect drug delivery and mediate resistance to cytotoxic therapy. These stroma changes are brought about not only by the cancer cells, but also through the action of many cell types that are recruited by tumors including immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Within the tumor, these normal host cells are activated resulting in loss of inhibitory and induction of cancer promoting activities. Key to the development of stroma-targeted therapies, selective biomarkers were developed for specific imaging of key aspects of the tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Narunsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Filip Bochner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Penet MF, Artemov D, Farahani K, Bhujwalla ZM. MR - eyes for cancer: looking within an impenetrable disease. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:745-55. [PMID: 23784955 PMCID: PMC3690531 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Probe development is a critical component in cancer imaging, and novel probes are making major inroads in several aspects of cancer detection and image-guided treatments. Intrinsic MR probes such as signals from metabolites and their chemical shifts have been used for more than a decade to understand cancer physiology and metabolism. Through the integration of technology, molecular biology, and chemistry, the last few years have witnessed an explosion of extrinsic probes for molecular and functional imaging of cancer that, together with techniques such as CEST and hyperpolarization, have significantly expanded the repertoire of MR techniques in basic and translational investigations of many different aspects of cancer. Furthermore, incorporation of MR probes into multifunctional nanoparticles and multimodality imaging platforms have opened new opportunities for MR in image-guided diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Here we have provided an overview of recent innovations that have occurred in the development of MRI probes for molecular and functional imaging of cancer. Although most of these novel probes are not clinically available, they offer significant promise for future translational applications. In this review, we have highlighted the areas of future development that are likely to have a profound impact on cancer detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Penet
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keyvan Farahani
- Image Guided Interventions Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Correspondence to: Zaver M. Bhujwalla, Ph.D., Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 208C Traylor Building, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA., Phone: 410-955-9698, Fax: 410-614-1948,
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40
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Vandsburger MH, Radoul M, Addadi Y, Mpofu S, Cohen B, Eilam R, Neeman M. Ovarian carcinoma: quantitative biexponential MR imaging relaxometry reveals the dynamic recruitment of ferritin-expressing fibroblasts to the angiogenic rim of tumors. Radiology 2013; 268:790-801. [PMID: 23801774 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13122053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantitatively monitor the dynamic perivascular recruitment of ferritin heavy chain (FHC)-overexpressing fibroblasts to ovarian carcinoma xenografts by using R2 mapping and biexponential magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo studies of female mice were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. In vitro analysis included MR-based R2 relaxation measurements of monkey kidney cell line (CV1) fibroblasts that overexpress FHC, followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to assess cellular iron content. For in vivo analysis, CV1-FHC fibroblasts were either mixed with fluorescent human ovarian carcinoma cells before subcutaneous implantation (coinjection) or injected intraperitoneally 4 days after the cancer cells were injected (remote recruitment). Dynamic changes in tumor R2 were used to derive CV1-FHC cell fraction in both models. In coinjection tumors, dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging was used to measure tumor fractional blood volume. Whole-body fluorescence imaging and immunohistochemical staining were performed to validate MR results. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess MR and fluorescence imaging results and tumor volume, and one-way analysis of variance was used to assess spectrometric results, fractional blood volume, and immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS CV1-FHC fibroblasts (vs CV1 fibroblasts) showed enhanced iron uptake (1.8 mmol ± 0.5 × 10(-8) vs 0.9 mmol ± 0.5 × 10(-8); P < .05), retention (1.6 mmol ± 0.5 × 10(-8) vs 0.5 mmol ± 0.5 × 10(-8), P < .05), and cell density-dependent R2 contrast. R2 mapping in vivo revealed preferential recruitment of CV1-FHC cells to the tumor rim in both models. Measurement of fractional blood volume was similar in all tumors (2.6 AU ± 0.5 × 10(-3) for CV1, 2.3 AU ± 0.3 × 10(-3) for CV1-FHC, 2.9 ± 0.3 × 10(-3) for CV1-FHC-ferric citrate). Dynamic changes in CV1-FHC cell fraction determined at MR relaxometry in both models were confirmed at immunohistochemical analysis. CONCLUSION FHC overexpression, when combined with R2 mapping and MR relaxometry, enabled in vivo detection of the dynamic recruitment of exogenously administered fibroblasts to the vasculature of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriel H Vandsburger
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a key imaging modality in cancer diagnostics and therapy monitoring. MRI-based tumor detection and characterization is commonly achieved by exploiting the compositional, metabolic, cellular, and vascular differences between malignant and healthy tissue. Contrast agents are frequently applied to enhance this contrast. The last decade has witnessed an increasing interest in novel multifunctional MRI probes. These multifunctional constructs, often of nanoparticle design, allow the incorporation of multiple imaging agents for complementary imaging modalities as well as anti-cancer drugs for therapeutic purposes. The composition, size, and surface properties of such constructs can be tailored as to improve biodistribution and ensure optimal delivery to the tumor microenvironment by passive or targeted mechanisms. Multifunctional MRI probes hold great promise to facilitate more specific tumor diagnosis, patient-specific treatment planning, the monitoring of local drug delivery, and the early evaluation of therapy. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art and new developments in the application of multifunctional MRI probes in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kluza
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Marsh T, Pietras K, McAllister SS. Fibroblasts as architects of cancer pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1832:1070-8. [PMID: 23123598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies of epithelial cancers (i.e., carcinomas) traditionally focused on transformation of the epithelium (i.e., the cancer cells) and how aberrant signaling within the cancer cells modulates the surrounding tissue of origin. In more recent decades, the normal cells, blood vessels, molecules, and extracellular components that surround the tumor cells, collectively known as the "tumor microenvironment" or "stroma", have received increasing attention and are now thought to be key regulators of tumor initiation and progression. Of particular relevance to the work reviewed herein are the fibroblasts, which make up the major cell type within the microenvironment of most carcinomas. Due to their inherent heterogeneity, plasticity, and function, it is perhaps not surprising that fibroblasts are ideal modulators of normal and cancerous epithelium; however, these aspects also present challenges if we are to interrupt their tumor-supportive functions. Here, we review the current body of knowledge and the many questions that still remain about the special entity known as the cancer-associated fibroblast. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fibrosis: Translation of basic research to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Marsh
- Hematology Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Vong S, Kalluri R. The role of stromal myofibroblast and extracellular matrix in tumor angiogenesis. Genes Cancer 2012; 2:1139-45. [PMID: 22866205 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911423940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the building of blood vessels in an expanding tumor mass, is an elegantly coordinated process that dictates tumor growth and progression. Stromal components of the tumor microenvironment, such as myofibroblasts and the extracellular matrix, collaborate with tumor cells in regulating development. Such myofibroblasts and the extracellular matrix have ever-expanding roles in the angiogenic process as well. This review summarizes how stromal myofibroblasts and the extracellular matrix can modulate tumor angiogenesis, highlighting recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Vong
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Musrap N, Diamandis EP. Revisiting the Complexity of the Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment—Clinical Implications for Treatment Strategies. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1254-64. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Watson JM, Rice PF, Marion SL, Brewer MA, Davis JR, Rodriguez JJ, Utzinger U, Hoyer PB, Barton JK. Analysis of second-harmonic-generation microscopy in a mouse model of ovarian carcinoma. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:076002. [PMID: 22894485 PMCID: PMC3389559 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.076002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic-generation (SHG) imaging of mouse ovaries ex vivo was used to detect collagen structure changes accompanying ovarian cancer development. Dosing with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene resulted in histologically confirmed cases of normal, benign abnormality, dysplasia, and carcinoma. Parameters for each SHG image were calculated using the Fourier transform matrix and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Cancer versus normal and cancer versus all other diagnoses showed the greatest separation using the parameters derived from power in the highest-frequency region and GLCM energy. Mixed effects models showed that these parameters were significantly different between cancer and normal (P<0.008). Images were classified with a support vector machine, using 25% of the data for training and 75% for testing. Utilizing all images with signal greater than the noise level, cancer versus not-cancer specimens were classified with 81.2% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity, and cancer versus normal specimens were classified with 77.8% sensitivity and 79.3% specificity. Utilizing only images with greater than of 75% of the field of view containing signal improved sensitivity and specificity for cancer versus normal to 81.5% and 81.1%. These results suggest that using SHG to visualize collagen structure in ovaries could help with early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Watson
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, 1657 E. Helen Street, Building 240, P.O. Box 210240, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Photini F. Rice
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, 1657 E. Helen Street, Building 240, P.O. Box 210240, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Samuel L. Marion
- University of Arizona, Department of Physiology, Basic Sciences, Room 4122, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245051, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5051
| | - Molly A. Brewer
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 263 Farmington Avenue, MC 1614, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-2875
| | - John R. Davis
- University of Arizona, Department of Pathology, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey J. Rodriguez
- University of Arizona, Electrical/Computer Engineering, P.O. Box 210104, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Urs Utzinger
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, 1657 E. Helen Street, Building 240, P.O. Box 210240, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Patricia B. Hoyer
- University of Arizona, Department of Physiology, Basic Sciences, Room 4122, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245051, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5051
| | - Jennifer K. Barton
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, 1657 E. Helen Street, Building 240, P.O. Box 210240, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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Dynamic tracing of immune cells in an orthotopic gastric carcinoma mouse model using near-infrared fluorescence live imaging. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:221-225. [PMID: 23139711 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) has been demonstrated to be a promising cancer therapeutic, however, the distribution of immune cells injected into a tumor-bearing body is unclear. In this study, we investigated the tumor-targeting capacity of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in a human gastric carcinoma orthotopic mouse model using a near-infrared fluorescence imaging system. CIK cells and tumor-specific CTLs were prepared with the near-infrared fluorescent dye DiR. As expected, no significant change in the proliferation rate or antitumor activity of CIK cells and CTLs was noted after labeling with DiR. Furthermore, a gastric carcinoma orthotopic model was established using a fibrinogen-thrombin method in nude mice followed by intraperitoneal infusion of the labeled immune cells into nude mice with established gastric carcinoma. Dynamic tracing of the immune cells was performed using a fluorescence-based live imaging system. Concentrated fluorescence signals were observed for a minimum of two weeks at the tumor site in mice infused with either CIK cells or CTLs with a peak signal at 48 h. Notably, CTLs were more persistent at the tumor site and exhibited a more intense antitumor activity than CIK cells following infusion. These results provided visual evidence of the tumor-targeting capacity of immune cells in live animals.
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van der Bilt ARM, de Vries EGE, de Jong S, Timmer-Bosscha H, van der Zee AGJ, Reyners AKL. Turning promise into progress for antiangiogenic agents in epithelial ovarian cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 84:224-42. [PMID: 22525643 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy in epithelial ovarian cancer, outcome for patients with advanced disease has remained unchanged since the introduction of standard carboplatin and paclitaxel. Interest has therefore shifted toward molecularly targeted therapies that interfere with important features of ovarian carcinogenesis, such as angiogenesis. Several angiogenesis inhibitors, targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligands (bevacizumab, VEGF-Trap) or their receptors (VEGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors) have been clinically evaluated. These agents demonstrated efficacy in phase II clinical trials. Results from phase III trials, in which bevacizumab was added to standard frontline chemotherapy, show a modest effect. Although the initial expectations for angiogenesis inhibitors have been tempered, further research is warranted to define their precise place in the treatment of ovarian cancer. This review summarizes the performed and ongoing studies with regard to angiogenesis inhibitors in ovarian cancer, and the available data on biomarkers for response prediction. Preclinical studies evaluating alternative angiogenesis inhibitors will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne R M van der Bilt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Penet MF, Chen Z, Bhujwalla ZM. MRI of metastasis-permissive microenvironments. Future Oncol 2012; 7:1269-84. [PMID: 22044202 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest documented observations of the importance of the microenvironment in metastasis was made by Stephen Paget in 1889. More than a century later, the metastatic cascade remains a major cause of mortality from cancer. Cancer meets the criterion of a successful organization that is able to survive by adapting to changing environments. In fact, the tumor microenvironment and stroma are co-opted and shaped by cancer cells to derive a survival advantage. Cohesive strategies integrating advances in molecular biology and chemistry, with noninvasive multimodality imaging, provide new insights into the role of the tumor microenvironment in promoting metastasis from primary tumors as well as insights into environments that attract and permit cancer cells to establish colonies in distant organs. This article provides an overview of molecular and functional imaging characterization of microenvironments that can promote or permit cancer cells to metastasize and the microenvironmental characteristics of distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Penet
- JHU In vivo Cellular & Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts and their putative role in potentiating the initiation and development of epithelial ovarian cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 13:393-405. [PMID: 21532880 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of ovarian cancer, from cell transformation through invasion of normal tissue, relies on communication between tumor cells and their adjacent stromal microenvironment. Through a natural selection process, an autocrine-paracrine communication loop establishes reciprocal reinforcement of growth and migration signals. Thus, the cancer-activated stromal response is similar to an off-switch-defective form of the normal, universal response needed to survive insult or injury. It is becoming clearer within the cancer literature base that tumor stroma plays a bimodal role in cancer development: it impedes neoplastic growth in normal tissue while encouraging migration and tumor growth in a co-opted desmoplastic response during tumor progression. In this review, we discuss this reciprocal influence that ovarian cancer epithelial cells may have on ovarian stromal cell-reactive phenotype, stromal cell behavior, disrupted signaling networks, and tumor suppressor status in the stroma, within the context of cancer fibroblast studies from alternate cancer tissue settings. We focus on the exchange of secreted factors, in particular interleukin 1β and SDF-1α, between activated fibroblasts and cancer cells as a key area for future investigation and therapeutic development. A better understanding of the bidirectional reliance of early epithelial cancer cells on activated stromal cells could lead to the identification of novel diagnostic stromal markers and targets for therapy.
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Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietins in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland. Head Neck Pathol 2011; 6:10-5. [PMID: 21948244 PMCID: PMC3311943 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted coordination of angiogenesis regulating signals, among them the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins (Angs), has been associated with abnormal angiogenesis and tumor progression. While VEGF induces endothelial cell proliferation, thereby initiating vessel formation, Angs are subsequently required for mural cell attachment, thus influencing remodeling and maturation of this vasculature. In addition to tumor cell, endothelial and mural cells, as well as myofibroblasts may also contribute to the secretion of these factors. In this study, we have analyzed by immunohistochemistry the expression of VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2 and the Angs receptor Tie2 in both the stroma and tumor cells of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of salivary gland. We have demonstrated that when myofibroblasts were detected adjacent to the cancer cells, they were frequently associated with intense positive staining for Ang-1 and Ang-2, and no reactivity to VEGF and Tie2. These myofibroblast-rich Ang-1 and Ang-2-stained areas were more commonly found in high-grade MEC cases than in low-grade ones. As for the malignant cells, they frequently expressed all proteins studied, but Ang-2 and VEGF were detected at higher levels compared to Ang-1 and Tie2. Our results indicate that the MEC environment favors cooperative activity between Angs and VEGF in modulating vascular growth and tumor aggressiveness.
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