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Ghosh S, Choudhury D, Ghosh D, Mondal M, Singha D, Malakar P. Characterization of polyploidy in cancer: Current status and future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131706. [PMID: 38643921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Various cancers frequently exhibit polyploidy, observed in a condition where a cell possesses more than two sets of chromosomes, which is considered a hallmark of the disease. The state of polyploidy often leads to aneuploidy, where cells possess an abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Recent studies suggest that oncogenes contribute to aneuploidy. This finding significantly underscores its impact on cancer. Cancer cells exposed to certain chemotherapeutic drugs tend to exhibit an increased incidence of polyploidy. This occurrence is strongly associated with several challenges in cancer treatment, including metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and the recurrence of malignant tumors. Indeed, it poses a significant hurdle to achieve complete tumor eradication and effective cancer therapy. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the field of polyploidy related to cancer for developing effective anti-cancer therapies. Polyploid cancer cells confer both advantages and disadvantages to tumor pathogenicity. This review delineates the diverse characteristics of polyploid cells, elucidates the pivotal role of polyploidy in cancer, and explores the advantages and disadvantages it imparts to cancer cells, along with the current approaches tried in lab settings to target polyploid cells. Additionally, it considers experimental strategies aimed at addressing the outstanding questions within the realm of polyploidy in relation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijonee Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Debopriya Choudhury
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Dhruba Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Meghna Mondal
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Didhiti Singha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India.
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2
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Zhang JL, Xu MF, Chen J, Wei YL, She ZY. Kinesin-7 CENP-E mediates chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in meiosis I. Chromosoma 2024; 133:149-168. [PMID: 38456964 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-024-00818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, meiosis is the genetic basis for sexual reproduction, which is important for chromosome stability and species evolution. The defects in meiosis usually lead to chromosome aneuploidy, reduced gamete number, and genetic diseases, but the pathogenic mechanisms are not well clarified. Kinesin-7 CENP-E is a key regulator in chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in cell division. However, the functions and mechanisms of CENP-E in male meiosis remain largely unknown. In this study, we have revealed that the CENP-E gene was highly expressed in the rat testis. CENP-E inhibition influences chromosome alignment and spindle organization in metaphase I spermatocytes. We have found that a portion of misaligned homologous chromosomes is located at the spindle poles after CENP-E inhibition, which further activates the spindle assembly checkpoint during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition in rat spermatocytes. Furthermore, CENP-E depletion leads to abnormal spermatogenesis, reduced sperm count, and abnormal sperm head structure. Our findings have elucidated that CENP-E is essential for homologous chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in spermatocytes, which further contribute to chromosome stability and sperm cell quality during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Meng-Fei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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3
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Yang YH, Wei YL, She ZY. Kinesin-7 CENP-E in tumorigenesis: Chromosome instability, spindle assembly checkpoint, and applications. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1366113. [PMID: 38560520 PMCID: PMC10978661 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1366113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinesin motors are a large family of molecular motors that walk along microtubules to fulfill many roles in intracellular transport, microtubule organization, and chromosome alignment. Kinesin-7 CENP-E (Centromere protein E) is a chromosome scaffold-associated protein that is located in the corona layer of centromeres, which participates in kinetochore-microtubule attachment, chromosome alignment, and spindle assembly checkpoint. Over the past 3 decades, CENP-E has attracted great interest as a promising new mitotic target for cancer therapy and drug development. In this review, we describe expression patterns of CENP-E in multiple tumors and highlight the functions of CENP-E in cancer cell proliferation. We summarize recent advances in structural domains, roles, and functions of CENP-E in cell division. Notably, we describe the dual functions of CENP-E in inhibiting and promoting tumorigenesis. We summarize the mechanisms by which CENP-E affects tumorigenesis through chromosome instability and spindle assembly checkpoints. Finally, we overview and summarize the CENP-E-specific inhibitors, mechanisms of drug resistances and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Adibi R, Moein S, Gheisari Y. Zoledronic acid targets chemo-resistant polyploid giant cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:419. [PMID: 36624105 PMCID: PMC9829701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are known as a key source of failure of current therapies, sufficient drugs to target these cells are not yet introduced. Considering the similarities of polyploid cells in regeneration and cancer, we hypothesized that zoledronic acid (ZA), an osteoclast-targeting agent, might be used to eliminate PGCCs. The 5637-bladder cancer cell line was treated with various doses of cisplatin to enrich polyploid cells and the efficacy of different concentrations of ZA in reducing this population was assessed. The metabolic profile of PGCCs was investigated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Lipid profiles, mitochondrial density, and ROS content were also measured to assess the response of the cells to ZA. Cancer cells surviving after three days of exposure with 6 μM cisplatin were mainly polyploid. These cells demonstrated special morphological features such as fusion with diploid or other polyploid cells and originated in daughter cells through budding. ZA could substantially eradicate PGCCs with the maximal effect observed with 50 μM which resulted in the drop of PGCC fraction from 60 ± 7.5 to 19 ± 1.7%. Enriched PGCCs after cisplatin-treatment demonstrated a drastic metabolic shift compared to untreated cancer cells with an augmentation of lipids. Further assays confirmed the high content of lipid droplets and cholesterol in these cells which were reduced after ZA administration. Additionally, the mitochondrial density and ROS increased in PGCCs both of which declined in response to ZA. Taken together, we propose that ZA is a potent inhibitor of PGCCs which alters the metabolism of PGCCs. Although this drug has been successfully exploited as adjuvant therapy for some malignancies, the current evidence on its effects on PGCCs justifies further trials to assess its potency for improving the success of current therapies for tackling tumor resistance and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Adibi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Moein
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran.
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5
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Heng J, Heng HH. Genome Chaos, Information Creation, and Cancer Emergence: Searching for New Frameworks on the 50th Anniversary of the "War on Cancer". Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010101. [PMID: 35052441 PMCID: PMC8774498 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2021 marks the 50th anniversary of the National Cancer Act, signed by President Nixon, which declared a national “war on cancer.” Powered by enormous financial support, this past half-century has witnessed remarkable progress in understanding the individual molecular mechanisms of cancer, primarily through the characterization of cancer genes and the phenotypes associated with their pathways. Despite millions of publications and the overwhelming volume data generated from the Cancer Genome Project, clinical benefits are still lacking. In fact, the massive, diverse data also unexpectedly challenge the current somatic gene mutation theory of cancer, as well as the initial rationales behind sequencing so many cancer samples. Therefore, what should we do next? Should we continue to sequence more samples and push for further molecular characterizations, or should we take a moment to pause and think about the biological meaning of the data we have, integrating new ideas in cancer biology? On this special anniversary, we implore that it is time for the latter. We review the Genome Architecture Theory, an alternative conceptual framework that departs from gene-based theories. Specifically, we discuss the relationship between genes, genomes, and information-based platforms for future cancer research. This discussion will reinforce some newly proposed concepts that are essential for advancing cancer research, including two-phased cancer evolution (which reconciles evolutionary contributions from karyotypes and genes), stress-induced genome chaos (which creates new system information essential for macroevolution), the evolutionary mechanism of cancer (which unifies diverse molecular mechanisms to create new karyotype coding during evolution), and cellular adaptation and cancer emergence (which explains why cancer exists in the first place). We hope that these ideas will usher in new genomic and evolutionary conceptual frameworks and strategies for the next 50 years of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Heng
- Harvard College, 16 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
| | - Henry H. Heng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
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Yu JE, Kim S, Hwang J, Hong JT, Hwang J, Soung N, Cha‐Molstad H, Kwon YT, Kim BY, Lee KH. Phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by polo-like kinase 1 drives the completion of cytokinesis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51503. [PMID: 34585824 PMCID: PMC8647012 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein and participates in numerous processes required for embryonic development, cell proliferation, and homeostasis through various molecular interactions and signaling pathways. To date, however, there is no direct evidence that β-catenin contributes to cytokinesis. Here, we identify a novel p-S60 epitope on β-catenin generated by Plk1 kinase activity, which can be found at the actomyosin contractile ring of early telophase cells and at the midbody of late telophase cells. Depletion of β-catenin leads to cytokinesis-defective phenotypes, which eventually result in apoptotic cell death. In addition, phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by Plk1 is essential for the recruitment of Ect2 to the midbody, activation of RhoA, and interaction between β-catenin, Plk1, and Ect2. Time-lapse image analysis confirmed the importance of β-catenin phospho-Ser60 in furrow ingression and the completion of cytokinesis. Taken together, we propose that phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by Plk1 in cooperation with Ect2 is essential for the completion of cytokinesis. These findings may provide fundamental knowledge for the research of cytokinesis failure-derived human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentCollege of PharmacyChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Sun‐Ok Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Jeong‐Ah Hwang
- Department of PhysiologyResearch Institute of Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentCollege of PharmacyChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Nak‐Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha‐Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
- Department of Biomolecular ScienceUniversity of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
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7
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Liu M, Wang Y, Miettinen JJ, Kumari R, Majumder MM, Tierney C, Bazou D, Parsons A, Suvela M, Lievonen J, Silvennoinen R, Anttila P, Dowling P, O'Gorman P, Tang J, Heckman CA. S100 Calcium Binding Protein Family Members Associate With Poor Patient Outcome and Response to Proteasome Inhibition in Multiple Myeloma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723016. [PMID: 34485305 PMCID: PMC8415228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several new therapeutic options, multiple myeloma (MM) patients experience multiple relapses and inevitably become refractory to treatment. Insights into drug resistance mechanisms may lead to the development of novel treatment strategies. The S100 family is comprised of 21 calcium binding protein members with 17 S100 genes located in the 1q21 region, which is commonly amplified in MM. Dysregulated expression of S100 family members is associated with tumor initiation, progression and inflammation. However, the relationship between the S100 family and MM pathogenesis and drug response is unknown. In this study, the roles of S100 members were systematically studied at the copy number, transcriptional and protein level with patients’ survival and drug response. Copy number analysis revealed a predominant pattern of gains occurring in S100 genes clustering in the 1q21 locus. In general, gains of genes encoding S100 family members associated with worse patient survival. However, S100 gene copy number and S100 gene expression did not necessarily correlate, and high expression of S100A4 associated with poor patient survival. Furthermore, integrated analysis of S100 gene expression and ex vivo drug sensitivity data showed significant negative correlation between expression of S100 family members (S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12) and sensitivity to some drugs used in current MM treatment, including proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib) and histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat. Combined proteomic and pharmacological data exhibited significant negative association of S100 members (S100A4, S100A8, and S100A9) with proteasome inhibitors and panobinostat. Clinically, the higher expression of S100A4 and S100A10 were significantly linked to shorter progression free survival in patients receiving carfilzomib-based therapy. The results indicate an association and highlight the potential functional importance of S100 members on chromosome 1q21 in the development of MM and resistance to established myeloma drugs, including proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Liu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yinyin Wang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho J Miettinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Romika Kumari
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muntasir Mamun Majumder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ciara Tierney
- Department of Hematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Hematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alun Parsons
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Suvela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Lievonen
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raija Silvennoinen
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Anttila
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Peter O'Gorman
- Department of Hematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Haas OA. Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631946. [PMID: 34422788 PMCID: PMC8373647 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable aneuploid genomes with nonrandom numerical changes in uneven ploidy ranges define distinct subsets of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The idea put forward herein suggests that they emerge from interactions between diploid mitotic and G0/G1 cells, which can in a single step produce all combinations of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and pentasomic paternal/maternal homologue configurations that define such genomes. A nanotube-mediated influx of interphase cell cytoplasm into mitotic cells would thus be responsible for the critical nondisjunction and segregation errors by physically impeding the proper formation of the cell division machinery, whereas only a complete cell fusion can simultaneously generate pentasomies, uniparental trisomies as well as biclonal hypo- and hyperdiploid cell populations. The term "somatic sex" was devised to accentuate the similarities between germ cell and somatic cell fusions. A somatic cell fusion, in particular, recapitulates many processes that are also instrumental in the formation of an abnormal zygote that involves a diploid oocyte and a haploid sperm, which then may further develop into a digynic triploid embryo. Despite their somehow deceptive differences and consequences, the resemblance of these two routes may go far beyond of what has hitherto been appreciated. Based on the arguments put forward herein, I propose that embryonic malignancies of mesenchymal origin with these particular types of aneuploidies can thus be viewed as the kind of flawed somatic equivalent of a digynic triploid embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar A Haas
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are hallmarks of cancer cells, typically associated with aggressiveness and poor outcomes. Historically, the causative link between aneuploidy and cancer has been difficult to study due to its intrinsic complexity and the poor fitness of aneuploid cells. In this issue of Genes & Development, two companion papers (Trakala and colleagues [pp. 1079-1092] and Shoshani and colleagues [pp. 1093-1108]) exploited sophisticated mouse models to study the progression of aneuploidy from early phases to established tumors. Both groups observed that, while in the early nontumoral cells aneuploidy is characterized by random chromosomal gains, established tumors display a stereotypic karyotype with recurrent gains of only a few chromosomes. Thus, aneuploidy in tumors is not random but shows reproducible patterns of chromosomal changes induced by mechanisms that these two studies are beginning to unveil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
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10
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Rivera-Rivera Y, Marina M, Jusino S, Lee M, Velázquez JV, Chardón-Colón C, Vargas G, Padmanabhan J, Chellappan SP, Saavedra HI. The Nek2 centrosome-mitotic kinase contributes to the mesenchymal state, cell invasion, and migration of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9016. [PMID: 33907253 PMCID: PMC8079711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nek2 (NIMA-related kinase 2) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that localizes to centrosomes and kinetochores, controlling centrosome separation, chromosome attachments to kinetochores, and the spindle assembly checkpoint. These processes prevent centrosome amplification (CA), mitotic dysfunction, and chromosome instability (CIN). Our group and others have suggested that Nek2 maintains high levels of CA/CIN, tumor growth, and drug resistance. We identified that Nek2 overexpression correlates with poor survival of breast cancer. However, the mechanisms driving these phenotypes are unknown. We now report that overexpression of Nek2 in MCF10A cells drives CA/CIN and aneuploidy. Besides, enhanced levels of Nek2 results in larger 3D acinar structures, but could not initiate tumors in a p53+/+ or a p53-/- xenograft model. Nek2 overexpression induced the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) while its downregulation reduced the expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Furthermore, either siRNA-mediated downregulation or INH6's chemical inhibition of Nek2 in MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t cells showed important EMT changes and decreased invasion and migration. We also showed that Slug and Zeb1 are involved in Nek2 mediated EMT, invasion, and migration. Besides its role in CA/CIN, Nek2 contributes to breast cancer progression through a novel EMT mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yainyrette Rivera-Rivera
- Division of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, PO Box 7004, Ponce, 00716-2348, Puerto Rico
| | - Mihaela Marina
- MediTech Media, Two Ravinia Drive, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA, 30346, USA
| | - Shirley Jusino
- Division of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, PO Box 7004, Ponce, 00716-2348, Puerto Rico
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jaleisha Vélez Velázquez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Ponce, 2151 Santiago de los Caballeros Avenue, Ponce, 00716, Puerto Rico
| | - Camille Chardón-Colón
- Division of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, PO Box 7004, Ponce, 00716-2348, Puerto Rico
| | - Geraldine Vargas
- Division of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, PO Box 7004, Ponce, 00716-2348, Puerto Rico
| | - Jaya Padmanabhan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Srikumar P Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Harold I Saavedra
- Division of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, PO Box 7004, Ponce, 00716-2348, Puerto Rico.
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11
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Colón-Marrero S, Jusino S, Rivera-Rivera Y, Saavedra HI. Mitotic kinases as drivers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and as therapeutic targets against breast cancers. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1036-1044. [PMID: 33601912 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221991094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological therapies against breast cancer patients with tumors positive for the estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors and Her2 amplification have greatly improved their survival. However, to date, there are no effective biological therapies against breast cancers that lack these three receptors or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). TNBC correlates with poor survival, in part because they relapse following chemo- and radio-therapies. TNBC is intrinsically aggressive since they have high mitotic indexes and tend to metastasize to the central nervous system. TNBCs are more likely to display centrosome amplification, an abnormal phenotype that results in defective mitotic spindles and abnormal cytokinesis, which culminate in aneuploidy and chromosome instability (known causes of tumor initiation and chemo-resistance). Besides their known role in cell cycle control, mitotic kinases have been also studied in different types of cancer including breast, especially in the context of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a cellular process characterized by the loss of cell polarity, reorganization of the cytoskeleton, and signaling reprogramming (upregulation of mesenchymal genes and downregulation of epithelial genes). Previously, we and others have shown the effects of mitotic kinases like Nek2 and Mps1 (TTK) on EMT. In this review, we focus on Aurora A, Aurora B, Bub1, and highly expressed in cancer (Hec1) as novel targets for therapeutic interventions in breast cancer and their effects on EMT. We highlight the established relationships and interactions of these and other mitotic kinases, clinical trial studies involving mitotic kinases, and the importance that represents to develop drugs against these proteins as potential targets in the primary care therapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Colón-Marrero
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, 6650Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Shirley Jusino
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, 6650Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Yainyrette Rivera-Rivera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, 6650Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Harold I Saavedra
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, 6650Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
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12
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Abstract
The discovery of a stem cell population in human neoplasias has given a new impulse to the study of the origins of cancer. The tissue compartment in which transformation first occurs likely comprises stem cells, since these cells need to consolidate the short-term and long-term requisites of tissue renewal. Because of their unique role, stem cells have a combination of characteristics that makes them susceptible to genetic damage, transformation, and tumor initiation. One type of genetic damage in particular, chromosomal instability, might affect the stem cell compartment, because it induces an ongoing cycle of DNA damage and alters cellular programming. Here, we will discuss some of the recently described links between SC, chromosomal instability, and carcinogenesis, and outline some of the consequences for oncoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel H M van Wely
- Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC; UAM Campus Cantoblanco; Madrid, Spain
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13
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SOX9 Knockout Induces Polyploidy and Changes Sensitivity to Tumor Treatment Strategies in a Chondrosarcoma Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207627. [PMID: 33076370 PMCID: PMC7589851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As most chemotherapeutic drugs are ineffective in the treatment of chondrosarcoma, we studied the expression pattern and function of SOX9, the master transcription factor for chondrogenesis, in chondrosarcoma, to understand the basic molecular principles needed for engineering new targeted therapies. Our study shows an increase in SOX9 expression in chondrosarcoma compared to normal cartilage, but a decrease when the tumors are finally defined as dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS). In DDCS, SOX9 is almost completely absent in the non-chondroid, dedifferentiated compartments. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of SOX9 in a human chondrosarcoma cell line (HTB94) results in reduced proliferation, clonogenicity and migration, accompanied by an inability to activate MMP13. In contrast, adhesion, apoptosis and polyploidy formation are favored after SOX9 deletion, probably involving BCL2 and survivin. The siRNA-mediated SOX9 knockdown partially confirmed these results, suggesting the need for a certain SOX9 threshold for particular cancer-related events. To increase the efficacy of chondrosarcoma therapies, potential therapeutic approaches were analyzed in SOX9 knockout cells. Here, we found an increased impact of doxorubicin, but a reduced sensitivity for oncolytic virus treatment. Our observations present novel insight into the role of SOX9 in chondrosarcoma biology and could thereby help to overcome the obstacle of drug resistance and limited therapy options.
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14
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Johansson PA, Brooks K, Newell F, Palmer JM, Wilmott JS, Pritchard AL, Broit N, Wood S, Carlino MS, Leonard C, Koufariotis LT, Nathan V, Beasley AB, Howlie M, Dawson R, Rizos H, Schmidt CW, Long GV, Hamilton H, Kiilgaard JF, Isaacs T, Gray ES, Rolfe OJ, Park JJ, Stark A, Mann GJ, Scolyer RA, Pearson JV, van Baren N, Waddell N, Wadt KW, McGrath LA, Warrier SK, Glasson W, Hayward NK. Whole genome landscapes of uveal melanoma show an ultraviolet radiation signature in iris tumours. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2408. [PMID: 32415113 PMCID: PMC7229209 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumour in adults and despite surgical or radiation treatment of primary tumours, ~50% of patients progress to metastatic disease. Therapeutic options for metastatic UM are limited, with clinical trials having little impact. Here we perform whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 103 UM from all sites of the uveal tract (choroid, ciliary body, iris). While most UM have low tumour mutation burden (TMB), two subsets with high TMB are seen; one driven by germline MBD4 mutation, and another by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, which is restricted to iris UM. All but one tumour have a known UM driver gene mutation (GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, PLCB4, CYSLTR2, SF3B1, EIF1AX). We identify three other significantly mutated genes (TP53, RPL5 and CENPE). Uveal melanoma has a propensity to metastasise. Here, the authors report the whole genome sequence of 103 uveal melanomas and find that the tumour mutational burden is variable and that two subsets of tumours are characterised by MBD4 mutations and a UV exposure signature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Brooks
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane M Palmer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonia L Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,University of the Highlands and Island, Inverness, UK
| | - Natasa Broit
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Vaishnavi Nathan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aaron B Beasley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Madeleine Howlie
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca Dawson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris W Schmidt
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Mater Research, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hayley Hamilton
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jens F Kiilgaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timothy Isaacs
- Perth Retina, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Olivia J Rolfe
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John J Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Stark
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karin W Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lindsay A McGrath
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunil K Warrier
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - William Glasson
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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15
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Co-Operation between Aneuploidy and Metabolic Changes in Driving Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184611. [PMID: 31540349 PMCID: PMC6770258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations from the normal set of chromosomes are extremely common as cells progress toward tumourigenesis. Similarly, we expect to see disruption of normal cellular metabolism, particularly in the use of glucose. In this review, we discuss the connections between these two processes: how chromosomal aberrations lead to metabolic disruption, and vice versa. Both processes typically result in the production of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, so we particularly focus on their role in mediating oncogenic changes.
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16
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Tweats D, Eastmond DA, Lynch AM, Elhajouji A, Froetschl R, Kirsch-Volders M, Marchetti F, Masumura K, Pacchierotti F, Schuler M. Role of aneuploidy in the carcinogenic process: Part 3 of the report of the 2017 IWGT workgroup on assessing the risk of aneugens for carcinogenesis and hereditary diseases. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 847:403032. [PMID: 31699349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is regarded as a hallmark of cancer, however, its role is complex with both pro- and anti-carcinogenic effects evident. In this IWGT review, we consider the role of aneuploidy in cancer biology; cancer risk associated with constitutive aneuploidy; rodent carcinogenesis with known chemical aneugens; and chemotherapy-related malignant neoplasms. Aneuploidy is seen at various stages in carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between induced aneuploidy occurring after exposure and clonal aneuploidy present in tumours is not clear. Recent evidence indicates that the induction of chromosomal instability (CIN), may be more important than aneuploidy per se, in the carcinogenic process. Down Syndrome, trisomy 21, is associated with altered hematopoiesis in utero which, in combination with subsequent mutations, results in an increased risk for acute megakaryoblastic and lymphoblastic leukemias. In contrast, there is reduced cancer risk for most solid tumours in Down Syndrome. Mouse models with high levels of aneuploidy are also associated with increased cancer risk for particular tumours with long latencies, but paradoxically other types of tumour often show decreased incidence. The aneugens reviewed that induce cancer in humans and animals all possess other carcinogenic properties, such as mutagenicity, clastogenicity, cytotoxicity, organ toxicities, hormonal and epigenetic changes which likely account for, or interact with aneuploidy, to cause carcinogenesis. Although the role that aneuploidy plays in carcinogenesis has not been fully established, in many cases, it may not play a primary causative role. Tubulin-disrupting aneugens that do not possess other properties linked to carcinogenesis, were not carcinogenic in rodents. Similarly, in humans, for the tubulin-disrupting aneugens colchicine and albendazole, there is no reported association with increased cancer risk. There is a need for further mechanistic studies on agents that induce aneuploidy, particularly by mechanisms other than tubulin disruption and to determine the role of aneuploidy in pre-neoplastic events and in early and late stage neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenichi Masumura
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- Health Protection Technology Division, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, ENEA, CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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17
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Braun R, Ronquist S, Wangsa D, Chen H, Anthuber L, Gemoll T, Wangsa D, Koparde V, Hunn C, Habermann JK, Heselmeyer-Haddad K, Rajapakse I, Ried T. Single Chromosome Aneuploidy Induces Genome-Wide Perturbation of Nuclear Organization and Gene Expression. Neoplasia 2019; 21:401-412. [PMID: 30909073 PMCID: PMC6434407 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal aneuploidy is a defining feature of carcinomas and results in tumor-entity specific genomic imbalances. For instance, most sporadic colorectal carcinomas carry extra copies of chromosome 7, an aneuploidy that emerges already in premalignant adenomas, and is maintained throughout tumor progression and in derived cell lines. A comprehensive understanding on how chromosomal aneuploidy affects nuclear organization and gene expression, i.e., the nucleome, remains elusive. We now analyzed a cell line established from healthy colon mucosa with a normal karyotype (46,XY) and its isogenic derived cell line that acquired an extra copy of chromosome 7 as its sole anomaly (47,XY,+7). We studied structure/function relationships consequent to aneuploidization using genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), RNA sequencing and protein profiling. The gain of chromosome 7 resulted in an increase of transcript levels of resident genes as well as genome-wide gene and protein expression changes. The Hi-C analysis showed that the extra copy of chromosome 7 is reflected in more interchromosomal contacts between the triploid chromosomes. Chromatin organization changes are observed genome-wide, as determined by changes in A/B compartmentalization and topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries. Most notably, chromosome 4 shows a profound loss of chromatin organization, and chromosome 14 contains a large A/B compartment switch region, concurrent with resident gene expression changes. No changes to the nuclear position of the additional chromosome 7 territory were observed when measuring distances of chromosome painting probes by interphase FISH. Genome and protein data showed enrichment in signaling pathways crucial for malignant transformation, such as the HGF/MET-axis. We conclude that a specific chromosomal aneuploidy has profound impact on nuclear structure and function, both locally and genome-wide. Our study provides a benchmark for the analysis of cancer nucleomes with complex karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Braun
- Section of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Ronquist
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Section of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haiming Chen
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lena Anthuber
- Section of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Danny Wangsa
- Section of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vishal Koparde
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Hunn
- Section of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jens K Habermann
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin Heselmeyer-Haddad
- Section of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Indika Rajapakse
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Thomas Ried
- Section of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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18
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Liu C, Banister CE, Buckhaults PJ. Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Inhibition Can Resensitize p53-Null Stem Cells to Cancer Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2392-2403. [PMID: 30862715 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
TP53 mutations are common in most human cancers, but few therapeutic options for TP53-mutant tumors exist. To identify potential therapeutic options for cancer patients with TP53 mutations, we profiled 127 FDA-approved chemotherapy drugs against human embryonic stem cells (hESC) in which we engineered TP53 deletion by genome editing. We identified 27 cancer therapeutic drugs for which TP53 mutations conferred resistance; most of these drugs target DNA synthesis or topoisomerase and cause DNA damage. We then performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in the TP53-null hESC in the presence and absence of sublethal concentrations of cisplatin and identified 137 genes whose loss selectively resensitized the p53-null cells to this chemotherapeutic agent. Gene ontology classification of the resensitizing loci revealed significant overrepresentation of spindle checkpoint pathway genes. Moreover, we confirmed that targeting ZNF207/BuGZ sensitizes p53-null hESC to cisplatin. These data indicate that targeted inhibition of spindle assembly checkpoints (SAC) and chromosomal organizing centers may provide a way to treat p53-deficient cancer cells with standard chemotherapy drugs. Development of small-molecule inhibitors of SAC proteins may be a useful strategy for rescuing DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics in TP53-mutant cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that inhibition of spindle assembly checkpoints and chromosomal organizing centers may provide a new way to treat p53-deficient cancer cells with standard chemotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Liu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Carolyn E Banister
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Phillip J Buckhaults
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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19
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Abstract
Whole-genome and centrosome duplication as a consequence of cytokinesis failure can drive tumorigenesis in experimental model systems. However, whether cytokinesis failure is in fact an important cause of human cancers has remained unclear. In this Review, we summarize evidence that whole-genome-doubling events are frequently observed in human cancers and discuss the contribution that cytokinesis defects can make to tumorigenesis. We provide an overview of the potential causes of cytokinesis failure and discuss how tetraploid cells that are generated through cytokinesis defects are used in cancer as a transitory state on the route to aneuploidy. Finally, we discuss how cytokinesis defects can facilitate genetic diversification within the tumour to promote cancer development and could constitute the path of least resistance in tumour evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - René H Medema
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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20
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Smith ER, Capo-Chichi CD, Xu XX. Defective Nuclear Lamina in Aneuploidy and Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:529. [PMID: 30524960 PMCID: PMC6256246 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, loss or gain of whole chromosomes, is a prominent feature of carcinomas, and is generally considered to play an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer. In high-grade serous ovarian cancer, the only common gene aberration is the p53 point mutation, though extensive genomic perturbation is common due to severe aneuploidy, which presents as a deviant karyotype. Several mechanisms for the development of aneuploidy in cancer cells have been recognized, including chromosomal non-disjunction during mitosis, centrosome amplification, and more recently, nuclear envelope rupture at interphase. Many cancer types including ovarian cancer have lost or reduced expression of Lamin A/C, a structural component of the lamina matrix that underlies the nuclear envelope in differentiated cells. Several recent studies suggest that a nuclear lamina defect caused by the loss or reduction of Lamin A/C leads to failure in cytokinesis and formation of tetraploid cells, transient nuclear envelope rupture, and formation of nuclear protrusions and micronuclei during the cell cycle gap phase. Thus, loss and reduction of Lamin A/C underlies the two common features of cancer—aberrations in nuclear morphology and aneuploidy. We discuss here and emphasize the newly recognized mechanism of chromosomal instability due to the rupture of a defective nuclear lamina, which may account for the rapid genomic changes in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Callinice D Capo-Chichi
- Department of Cell Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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21
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Veneziano L, Barra V, Cilluffo D, Di Leonardo A. Proliferation of aneuploid cells induced by CENP-E depletion is counteracted by the p14 ARF tumor suppressor. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:149-158. [PMID: 30264192 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that ensures the fidelity of chromosomes segregation. Reduced expression of some of its components weakens the SAC and induces chromosome instability and aneuploidy, which are both well-known hallmarks of cancer cells. Centromere protein-E (CENP-E) is a crucial component of the SAC and its function is to facilitate kinetochore microtubule attachment required to achieve and maintain chromosome alignment. The present study investigates the possible role of p14ARF as a controller of aneuploid cells proliferation. We used RNA interference to induce aneuploidy by partial depletion of CENP-E in human primary fibroblasts (IMR90) and in near diploid tumor cells (HCT116). In contrast to IMR90 aneuploid cell number, which was drastically reduced and leaned towards the WT condition, HCT116 aneuploid cell numbers were slightly decreased at later time points. This euploidy restoration was accompanied by increased p14ARF expression in IMR90 cells and followed ectopic p14ARF re-expression in p14ARF-null HCT116 cells. Collectively, our results suggest that hampering proliferation of aneuploid cells could be an additional role of the p14ARF tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Veneziano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Barra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Genetic Stability and Oncogenesis, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR8200, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Danilo Cilluffo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. .,Centro di OncoBiologia Sperimentale (COBS), Palermo, Italy.
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22
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Jusino S, Fernández-Padín FM, Saavedra HI. Centrosome aberrations and chromosome instability contribute to tumorigenesis and intra-tumor heterogeneity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4. [PMID: 30381801 PMCID: PMC6205736 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2018.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes serve as the major microtubule organizing centers in cells and thereby contribute to cell shape, polarity, and motility. Also, centrosomes ensure equal chromosome segregation during mitosis. Centrosome aberrations arise when the centrosome cycle is deregulated, or as a result of cytokinesis failure. A long-standing postulate is that centrosome aberrations are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. However, this notion has been a subject of controversy because until recently the relationship has been correlative. Recently, it was shown that numerical or structural centrosome aberrations can initiate tumors in certain tissues in mice, as well as invasion. Particularly, we will focus on centrosome amplification and chromosome instability as drivers of intra-tumor heterogeneity and their consequences in cancer. We will also discuss briefly the controversies surrounding this theory to highlight the fact that the role of both centrosome amplification and chromosome instability in cancer is highly context-dependent. Further, we will discuss single-cell sequencing as a novel technique to understand intra-tumor heterogeneity and some therapeutic approaches to target chromosome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Jusino
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Fabiola M Fernández-Padín
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Harold I Saavedra
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
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23
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Cancer: a CINful evolution. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 52:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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de Cárcer G, Huertas P, López-Contreras AJ. Chromosome instability: From molecular mechanisms to disease. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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25
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Luo Y, Ahmad E, Liu ST. MAD1: Kinetochore Receptors and Catalytic Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:51. [PMID: 29868582 PMCID: PMC5949338 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint monitors kinetochore-microtubule attachment, delays anaphase onset and prevents aneuploidy when unattached or tensionless kinetochores are present in cells. Mitotic arrest deficiency 1 (MAD1) is one of the evolutionarily conserved core mitotic checkpoint proteins. MAD1 forms a cell cycle independent complex with MAD2 through its MAD2 interaction motif (MIM) in the middle region. Such a complex is enriched at unattached kinetochores and functions as an unusual catalyst to promote conformational change of additional MAD2 molecules, constituting a crucial signal amplifying mechanism for the mitotic checkpoint. Only MAD2 in its active conformation can be assembled with BUBR1 and CDC20 to form the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC), which is a potent inhibitor of anaphase onset. Recent research has shed light on how MAD1 is recruited to unattached kinetochores, and how it carries out its catalytic activity. Here we review these advances and discuss their implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Song-Tao Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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26
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Fluid shear stress impacts ovarian cancer cell viability, subcellular organization, and promotes genomic instability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194170. [PMID: 29566010 PMCID: PMC5864000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer cells are exposed to physical stress in the peritoneal cavity during both tumor growth and dissemination. Ascites build-up in metastatic ovarian cancer further increases the exposure to fluid shear stress. Here, we used a murine, in vitro ovarian cancer progression model in parallel with immortalized human cells to investigate how ovarian cancer cells of increasing aggressiveness respond to <1dynecm2 of fluid-induced shear stress. This biophysical stimulus significantly reduced cell viability in all cells exposed, independent of disease stage. Fluid shear stress induced spheroid formation and altered cytoskeleton organization in more tumorigenic cell lines. While benign ovarian cells appeared to survive in higher numbers under the influence of fluid shear stress, they exhibited severe morphological changes and chromosomal instability. These results suggest that exposure of benign cells to low magnitude fluid shear stress can induce phenotypic changes that are associated with transformation and ovarian cancer progression. Moreover, exposure of tumorigenic cells to fluid shear stress enhanced anchorage-independent survival, suggesting a role in promoting invasion and metastasis.
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27
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Simi AK, Anlaş AA, Stallings-Mann M, Zhang S, Hsia T, Cichon M, Radisky DC, Nelson CM. A Soft Microenvironment Protects from Failure of Midbody Abscission and Multinucleation Downstream of the EMT-Promoting Transcription Factor Snail. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2277-2289. [PMID: 29483094 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multinucleation is found in more than one third of tumors and is linked to increased tolerance for mutation, resistance to chemotherapy, and invasive potential. The integrity of the genome depends on proper execution of the cell cycle, which can be altered through mechanotransduction pathways as the tumor microenvironment stiffens during tumorigenesis. Here, we show that signaling downstream of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) or TGFβ, known inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), also promotes multinucleation in stiff microenvironments through Snail-dependent expression of the filament-forming protein septin-6, resulting in midbody persistence, abscission failure, and multinucleation. Consistently, we observed elevated expression of Snail and septin-6 as well as multinucleation in a human patient sample of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast, a rare classification characterized by deposition of collagen fibers and active EMT. In contrast, a soft microenvironment protected mammary epithelial cells from becoming multinucleated by preventing Snail-induced upregulation of septin-6. Our data suggest that tissue stiffening during tumorigenesis synergizes with oncogenic signaling to promote genomic abnormalities that drive cancer progression.Significance: These findings reveal tissue stiffening during tumorigenesis synergizes with oncogenic signaling to promote genomic abnormalities that drive cancer progression. Cancer Res; 78(9); 2277-89. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Simi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Alişya A Anlaş
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | | | - Sherry Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Tiffaney Hsia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Magdalena Cichon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. .,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
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28
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Ohashi A, Ohori M, Iwai K. Motor activity of centromere-associated protein-E contributes to its localization at the center of the midbody to regulate cytokinetic abscission. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79964-79980. [PMID: 27835888 PMCID: PMC5346764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate control of cytokinesis is critical for genomic stability to complete high-fidelity transmission of genetic material to the next generation. A number of proteins accumulate in the intercellular bridge (midbody) during cytokinesis, and the dynamics of these proteins are temporally and spatially orchestrated to complete the process. In this study, we demonstrated that localization of centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) at the midbody is involved in cytokinetic abscission. The motor activity of CENP-E and the C-terminal midbody localization domain, which includes amino acids 2659-2666 (RYFDNSSL), are involved in the anchoring of CENP-E to the center of the midbody. Furthermore, CENP-E motor activity contributes to the accumulation of protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) in the midbody during cytokinesis. Midbody localization of PRC1 is critical to the antiparallel microtubule structure and recruitment of other midbody-associated proteins. Therefore, CENP-E motor activity appears to play important roles in the organization of these proteins to complete cytokinetic abscission. Our findings will be helpful for understanding how each step of cytokinesis is regulated to complete cytokinetic abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohashi
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
| | - Momoko Ohori
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
| | - Kenichi Iwai
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
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29
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Vargas-Rondón N, Villegas VE, Rondón-Lagos M. The Role of Chromosomal Instability in Cancer and Therapeutic Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 10:cancers10010004. [PMID: 29283387 PMCID: PMC5789354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and despite increased research in recent years, control of advanced-stage disease and optimal therapeutic responses remain elusive. Recent technological improvements have increased our understanding of human cancer as a heterogeneous disease. For instance, four hallmarks of cancer have recently been included, which in addition to being involved in cancer development, could be involved in therapeutic responses and resistance. One of these hallmarks is chromosome instability (CIN), a source of genetic variation in either altered chromosome number or structure. CIN has become a hot topic in recent years, not only for its implications in cancer diagnostics and prognostics, but also for its role in therapeutic responses. Chromosomal alterations are mainly used to determine genetic heterogeneity in tumors, but CIN could also reveal treatment efficacy, as many therapies are based on increasing CIN, which causes aberrant cells to undergo apoptosis. However, it should be noted that contradictory findings on the implications of CIN for the therapeutic response have been reported, with some studies associating high CIN with a better therapeutic response and others associating it with therapeutic resistance. Considering these observations, it is necessary to increase our understanding of the role CIN plays not only in tumor development, but also in therapeutic responses. This review focuses on recent studies that suggest possible mechanisms and consequences of CIN in different disease types, with a primary focus on cancer outcomes and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vargas-Rondón
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia.
| | - Victoria E Villegas
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia.
| | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia.
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30
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Dumitru AMG, Rusin SF, Clark AEM, Kettenbach AN, Compton DA. Cyclin A/Cdk1 modulates Plk1 activity in prometaphase to regulate kinetochore-microtubule attachment stability. eLife 2017; 6:e29303. [PMID: 29154753 PMCID: PMC5706962 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The fidelity of chromosome segregation in mitosis is safeguarded by the precise regulation of kinetochore microtubule (k-MT) attachment stability. Previously, we demonstrated that Cyclin A/Cdk1 destabilizes k-MT attachments to promote faithful chromosome segregation. Here, we use quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify 156 Cyclin A/Cdk1 substrates in prometaphase. One Cyclin A/Cdk1 substrate is myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1), and we show that MYPT1 localization to kinetochores depends on Cyclin A/Cdk1 activity and that MYPT1 destabilizes k-MT attachments by negatively regulating Plk1 at kinetochores. Thus, Cyclin A/Cdk1 phosphorylation primes MYPT1 for Plk1 binding. Interestingly, priming of PBIP1 by Plk1 itself (self-priming) increased in MYPT1-depleted cells showing that MYPT1 provides a molecular link between the processes of Cdk1-dependent priming and self-priming of Plk1 substrates. These data demonstrate cross-regulation between Cyclin A/Cdk1-dependent and Plk1-dependent phosphorylation of substrates during mitosis to ensure efficient correction of k-MT attachment errors necessary for high mitotic fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria G Dumitru
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverUnited States
- Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonUnited States
| | - Scott F Rusin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverUnited States
- Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonUnited States
| | - Amber E M Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverUnited States
- Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonUnited States
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverUnited States
- Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonUnited States
| | - Duane A Compton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverUnited States
- Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonUnited States
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31
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Okumura K, Kagawa N, Saito M, Yoshizawa Y, Munakata H, Isogai E, Fukagawa T, Wakabayashi Y. CENP-R acts bilaterally as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene in the two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2142-2148. [PMID: 28795467 PMCID: PMC5665765 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CENP‐R is a component of the CENP‐O complex, including CENP‐O, CENP‐P, CENP‐Q, CENP‐R, and CENP‐U and is constitutively localized to kinetochores throughout the cell cycle in vertebrates. CENP‐R‐deficient chicken DT40 cells are viable and show a very minor effect on mitosis. To investigate the functional roles of CENP‐R in vivo, we generated CENP‐R‐deficient mice (Cenp‐r−/−). Mice heterozygous or homozygous for Cenp‐r null mutation are viable and healthy, with no apparent defect in growth and morphology, indicating Cenp‐r is not essential for normal development. Accordingly, to investigate the role of the Cenp‐r gene in skin carcinogenesis, we subjected Cenp‐r−/− mice to the 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/TPA chemical carcinogenesis protocol and monitored tumor development. As a result, Cenp‐r−/− mice initially developed significantly more papillomas than control wild‐type mice. However, papillomas in Cenp‐r−/− mice showed a decrease of proliferative cells and an increase of apoptotic cells. As a result, they did not grow bigger and some papillomas showed substantial regression. Furthermore, papillomas in Cenp‐r−/− mice showed lower frequency of malignant conversion to squamous cell carcinomas. These results indicate Cenp‐r functions bilaterally in cancer development: during early developmental stages, Cenp‐r functions as a tumor suppressor, but during the expansion and progression of papillomas it functions as a tumor‐promoting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okumura
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoko Kagawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Japan
| | - Megumi Saito
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshizawa
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruka Munakata
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Isogai
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Japan.,Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Carcinogenesis Research, Division of Experimental Animal Research, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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32
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Zhang P, Li Z, Wang N, Duan G, Wang W, Feng Y, Zhao Y, Wang L, Zhu H, Zhang Q, Liu X, Wu W, Wu Y, Yao W, Wang J, Wu Y, Feng F. Coal tar pitch extract could induce chromosomal instability of human bronchial epithelial cells mediated by spindle checkpoint-related proteins. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56506-56517. [PMID: 28915607 PMCID: PMC5593578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coal tar pitch (CTP) is a byproduct of coal tar distillation. The workers working with coal tar or in aluminum smelters, potrooms and carbon plants have the opportunities of exposing to coal tar pitch volatiles. Coal tar pitches from which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originate have been shown to exhibit lung carcinogenicity in humans. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a mechanism in carcinogenesis, however, whether CIN is involved in coal tar pitch-induced lung cancer remains elusive. In this present study, human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were first exposed to coal tar pitch extracts (CTPE) to induce a malignant transformation model. Then, the occurrence of severe chromosomal changes detected using G band, R band and multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) staining were examined. It was shown that more clones of transformed BEAS-2B cells at passage 30 following stimulation with CTPE were formed in the soft agar compared with the vehicle control. Moreover, the expression of the spindle checkpoint-related proteins, mitotic arrest defective 2 (Mad2), budding uninhibited in benzimidazole 1 (Bub1), and anaphase-promoting complex (APC), indicators of abnormal chromosomes and carcinogenesis, reduced in CTPE-treated BEAS-2B cells at Passage 30 compared with the vehicle control using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. In summary, exposure of BEAS-2B cells to CTPE may induce chromosomal instability through spindle checkpoint-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanming Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hansong Zhu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Liu
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wu Yao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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33
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Gadaleta MC, Noguchi E. Regulation of DNA Replication through Natural Impediments in the Eukaryotic Genome. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8030098. [PMID: 28272375 PMCID: PMC5368702 DOI: 10.3390/genes8030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All living organisms need to duplicate their genetic information while protecting it from unwanted mutations, which can lead to genetic disorders and cancer development. Inaccuracies during DNA replication are the major cause of genomic instability, as replication forks are prone to stalling and collapse, resulting in DNA damage. The presence of exogenous DNA damaging agents as well as endogenous difficult-to-replicate DNA regions containing DNA–protein complexes, repetitive DNA, secondary DNA structures, or transcribing RNA polymerases, increases the risk of genomic instability and thus threatens cell survival. Therefore, understanding the cellular mechanisms required to preserve the genetic information during S phase is of paramount importance. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of how cells cope with these natural impediments in order to prevent DNA damage and genomic instability during DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Gadaleta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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34
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Barrey EJ, Heun P. Artificial Chromosomes and Strategies to Initiate Epigenetic Centromere Establishment. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 56:193-212. [PMID: 28840238 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, various synthetic approaches have been developed to address the question of what directs centromere establishment and maintenance. In this chapter, we will discuss how approaches aimed at constructing synthetic centromeres have co-evolved with and contributed to shape the theory describing the determinants of centromere identity. We will first review lessons learned from artificial chromosomes created from "naked" centromeric sequences to investigate the role of the underlying DNA for centromere formation. We will then discuss how several studies, which applied removal of endogenous centromeres or over-expression of the centromere-specific histone CENP-A, helped to investigate the contribution of chromatin context to centromere establishment. Finally, we will examine various biosynthetic approaches taking advantage of targeting specific proteins to ectopic sites in the genome to dissect the role of many centromere-associated proteins and chromatin modifiers for centromere inheritance and function. Together, these studies showed that chromatin context matters, particularly proximity to heterochromatin or repetitive DNA sequences. Moreover, despite the important contribution of centromeric DNA, the centromere-specific histone H3-variant CENP-A emerges as a key epigenetic mark to establish and maintain functional centromeres on artificial chromosomes or at ectopic sites of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne J Barrey
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Patrick Heun
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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35
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Hanselmann RG, Welter C. Origin of Cancer: An Information, Energy, and Matter Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:121. [PMID: 27909692 PMCID: PMC5112236 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are open, highly ordered systems that are far away from equilibrium. For this reason, the first function of any cell is to prevent the permanent threat of disintegration that is described by thermodynamic laws and to preserve highly ordered cell characteristics such as structures, the cell cycle, or metabolism. In this context, three basic categories play a central role: energy, information, and matter. Each of these three categories is equally important to the cell and they are reciprocally dependent. We therefore suggest that energy loss (e.g., through impaired mitochondria) or disturbance of information (e.g., through mutations or aneuploidy) or changes in the composition or distribution of matter (e.g., through micro-environmental changes or toxic agents) can irreversibly disturb molecular mechanisms, leading to increased local entropy of cellular functions and structures. In terms of physics, changes to these normally highly ordered reaction probabilities lead to a state that is irreversibly biologically imbalanced, but that is thermodynamically more stable. This primary change—independent of the initiator—now provokes and drives a complex interplay between the availability of energy, the composition, and distribution of matter and increasing information disturbance that is dependent upon reactions that try to overcome or stabilize this intracellular, irreversible disorder described by entropy. Because a return to the original ordered state is not possible for thermodynamic reasons, the cells either die or else they persist in a metastable state. In the latter case, they enter into a self-driven adaptive and evolutionary process that generates a progression of disordered cells and that results in a broad spectrum of progeny with different characteristics. Possibly, 1 day, one of these cells will show an autonomous and aggressive behavior—it will be a cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer G Hanselmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland UniversityHomburg, Germany; Beratungszentrum für HygieneFreiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Welter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University Homburg, Germany
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36
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Cunningham CE, Li S, Vizeacoumar FS, Bhanumathy KK, Lee JS, Parameswaran S, Furber L, Abuhussein O, Paul JM, McDonald M, Templeton SD, Shukla H, El Zawily AM, Boyd F, Alli N, Mousseau DD, Geyer R, Bonham K, Anderson DH, Yan J, Yu-Lee LY, Weaver BA, Uppalapati M, Ruppin E, Sablina A, Freywald A, Vizeacoumar FJ. Therapeutic relevance of the protein phosphatase 2A in cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:61544-61561. [PMID: 27557495 PMCID: PMC5308671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal Instability (CIN) is regarded as a unifying feature of heterogeneous tumor populations, driving intratumoral heterogeneity. Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1), a serine-threonine kinase that is often overexpressed across multiple tumor types, is one of the key regulators of CIN and is considered as a potential therapeutic target. However, targeting PLK1 has remained a challenge due to the off-target effects caused by the inhibition of other members of the polo-like family. Here we use synthetic dosage lethality (SDL), where the overexpression of PLK1 is lethal only when another, normally non-lethal, mutation or deletion is present. Rather than directly inhibiting PLK1, we found that inhibition of PP2A causes selective lethality to PLK1-overexpressing breast, pancreatic, ovarian, glioblastoma, and prostate cancer cells. As PP2A is widely regarded as a tumor suppressor, we resorted to gene expression datasets from cancer patients to functionally dissect its therapeutic relevance. We identified two major classes of PP2A subunits that negatively correlated with each other. Interestingly, most mitotic regulators, including PLK1, exhibited SDL interactions with only one class of PP2A subunits (PPP2R1A, PPP2R2D, PPP2R3B, PPP2R5B and PPP2R5D). Validation studies and other functional cell-based assays showed that inhibition of PPP2R5D affects both levels of phospho-Rb as well as sister chromatid cohesion in PLK1-overexpressing cells. Finally, analysis of clinical data revealed that patients with high expression of mitotic regulators and low expression of Class I subunits of PP2A improved survival. Overall, these observations point to a context-dependent role of PP2A that warrants further exploration for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Cunningham
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | | | - Joo Sang Lee
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sreejit Parameswaran
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Levi Furber
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Omar Abuhussein
- College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - James M. Paul
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Megan McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Shaina D. Templeton
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Hersh Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Amr M. El Zawily
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Frederick Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Nezeka Alli
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Darrell D. Mousseau
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Ron Geyer
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Keith Bonham
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Deborah H. Anderson
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jiong Yan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Beth A. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA
| | - Maruti Uppalapati
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Anna Sablina
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5 Canada
- College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
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37
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Silencing of E2F3 suppresses tumor growth of Her2+ breast cancer cells by restricting mitosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37316-34. [PMID: 26512919 PMCID: PMC4741932 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2F transcriptional activators E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3a regulate many important cellular processes, including DNA replication, apoptosis and centrosome duplication. Previously, we demonstrated that silencing E2F1 or E2F3 suppresses centrosome amplification (CA) and chromosome instability (CIN) in Her2+ breast cancer cells without markedly altering proliferation. However, it is unknown whether and how silencing a single E2F activator, E2F3, affects malignancy of human breast cancer cells. Thus, we injected HCC1954 Her2+ breast cancer cells silenced for E2F3 into mammary fat pads of immunodeficient mice and demonstrated that loss of E2F3 retards tumor growth. Surprisingly, silencing of E2F3 led to significant reductions in mitotic indices relative to vector controls, while the percentage of cells undergoing S phase were not affected. Nek2 is a mitotic kinase commonly upregulated in breast cancers and a critical regulator of Cdk4- or E2F-mediated CA. In this report, we found that Nek2 overexpression rescued back the CA caused by silencing of shE2F3. However, the effects of Nek2 overexpression in affecting tumor growth rates of shE2F3 and shE2F3; GFP cells were inconclusive. Taken together, our results indicate that E2F3 silencing decreases mammary tumor growth by reducing percentage of cells undergoing mitosis.
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38
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Chromosomal instability: A common feature and a therapeutic target of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:64-75. [PMID: 27345585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer cells are aneuploid, containing abnormal numbers of chromosomes, mainly caused by elevated levels of chromosome missegregation, known as chromosomal instability (CIN). These well-recognized, but poorly understood, features of cancers have recently been studied extensively, unraveling causal relationships between CIN and cancer. Here we review recent findings regarding how CIN and aneuploidy occur, how they affect cellular functions, how cells respond to them, and their relevance to diseases, especially cancer. Aneuploid cells are under various kinds of stresses that result in reduced cellular fitness. Nevertheless, genetic heterogeneity derived from CIN allows the selection of cells better adapted to their environment, which supposedly facilitates generation and progression of cancer. We also discuss how we can exploit the properties of cancer cells exhibiting CIN for effective cancer therapy.
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39
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Sravya T, Sivaranjani Y, Rao GV. Immunohistochemical expression of budding uninhibited by benzimidazole related 1 in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:71-7. [PMID: 27194865 PMCID: PMC4860940 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.180938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole related 1 (BUBR1) is an important protein in the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. Alterations in expression of BUBR1 have been reported in many premalignant and malignant lesions. Aim: To compare the expression of BUBR1 with respect to the normal mucosa and degree of dysplasia in oral leukoplakia (OL) and also with respect to different histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Neutral buffered formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens 30 each of normal, OL and OSCC tissue were included in this study. The expression of BUBR1 was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The scores obtained were subjected to ANOVA test. Results: Significant correlation was found in immunostaining between normal, dysplasia and OSCC groups with a P value of 0.00001. The expression of BUBR1 was significant when compared with different degrees of dysplasia and in different histopathological grades of OSCC with a P value of 0.00001. Conclusion: Higher IHC scores were obtained with increased histopathological grades of OL and OSCC suggesting its role as a prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taneeru Sravya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
| | - Yeluri Sivaranjani
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
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40
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Barajas Torres RL, Domínguez Cruz MD, Borjas Gutiérrez C, Ramírez Dueñas MDL, Magaña Torres MT, González García JR. 1,2:3,4-Diepoxybutane Induces Multipolar Mitosis in Cultured Human Lymphocytes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 148:179-84. [DOI: 10.1159/000445858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
1,3-Butadiene, a colorless gas regularly used in the production of plastics, thermoplastic resins, and styrene-butadiene rubber, poses an increased leukemia mortality risk to workers in this field. 1,3-Butadiene is also produced by incomplete combustion of motor fuels or by tobacco smoking. It is absorbed principally through the respiratory system and metabolized by several enzymes rendering 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), which has the highest genotoxic potency of all metabolites of 1,3-butadiene. DEB is considered a carcinogen mainly due to its high potential as clastogen, which induces structural chromosome aberrations such as sister chromatid exchanges, chromosomal breaks, and micronuclei. Due to its clastogenic effect, DEB is one of the most used agents for diagnostic studies of Fanconi anemia, a recessively inherited disease related to mutations affecting several genes involved in a common DNA repair pathway. When performing Fanconi anemia diagnostic tests in our laboratory, we have observed occasional multipolar mitosis (MM) in lymphocyte cultures exposed to 0.1 μg/ml of DEB and harvested in the absence of any mitotic spindle inhibitor. Although previous studies reported an aneugenic effect (i.e. it induces aneuploidy) of DEB, no mechanism was suggested to explain such observations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure to 0.1 μg/ml of DEB is significantly associated with the occurrence of MM. We blindly assessed the frequency of MM in lymphocyte cultures from 10 nonsmoking healthy individuals. Two series of 3 cultures were performed from each sample under different conditions: A, without DEB; B, with 0.1 μg/ml of DEB, and C, with 25 μM of mitomycin C as positive control. Cultures exposed to DEB showed higher frequencies of MM (23 of 2,000 cells) than did the unexposed ones (3 of 2,000 cells).
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41
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Vaidyanathan S, Cato K, Tang L, Pavey S, Haass NK, Gabrielli BG, Duijf PHG. In vivo overexpression of Emi1 promotes chromosome instability and tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2016; 35:5446-5455. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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42
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Milunović-Jevtić A, Mooney P, Sulerud T, Bisht J, Gatlin JC. Centrosomal clustering contributes to chromosomal instability and cancer. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:113-118. [PMID: 27046071 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells assemble mitotic spindles during each round of division to insure accurate segregation of their duplicated genome. In animal cells, stereotypical spindles have two poles, each containing one centrosome, from which microtubules are nucleated. By contrast, many cancer cells often contain more than two centrosomes and form transient multipolar spindle structures with more than two poles. In order to divide and produce viable progeny, the multipolar spindle intermediate must be reshaped into a pseudo-bipolar structure via a process called centrosomal clustering. Pseudo-bipolar spindles appear to function normally during mitosis, but they occasionally give rise to aneuploid and transformed daughter cells. Agents that inhibit centrosomal clustering might therefore work as a potential cancer therapy, specifically targeting mitosis in supernumerary centrosome-containing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Mooney
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, United States
| | - T Sulerud
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, United States
| | - J Bisht
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, United States
| | - J C Gatlin
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, United States.
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43
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Valente D, Bossi G, Moncada A, Tornincasa M, Indelicato S, Piscuoglio S, Karamitopoulou ED, Bartolazzi A, Pierantoni GM, Fusco A, Soddu S, Rinaldo C. HIPK2 deficiency causes chromosomal instability by cytokinesis failure and increases tumorigenicity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10320-34. [PMID: 25868975 PMCID: PMC4496358 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HIPK2, a cell fate decision kinase inactivated in several human cancers, is thought to exert its oncosuppressing activity through its p53-dependent and -independent apoptotic function. However, a HIPK2 role in cell proliferation has also been described. In particular, HIPK2 is required to complete cytokinesis and impaired HIPK2 expression results in cytokinesis failure and tetraploidization. Since tetraploidy may yield to aneuploidy and chromosomal instability (CIN), we asked whether unscheduled tetraploidy caused by loss of HIPK2 might contribute to tumorigenicity. Here, we show that, compared to Hipk2+/+ mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), hipk2-null MEFs accumulate subtetraploid karyotypes and develop CIN. Accumulation of these defects inhibits proliferation and spontaneous immortalization of primary MEFs whereas increases tumorigenicity when MEFs are transformed by E1A and Harvey-Ras oncogenes. Upon mouse injection, E1A/Ras-transformed hipk2-null MEFs generate tumors with genetic alterations resembling those of human cancers derived by initial tetraploidization events, such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Thus, we evaluated HIPK2 expression in different stages of pancreatic transformation. Importantly, we found a significant correlation among reduced HIPK2 expression, high grade of malignancy, and high nuclear size, a marker of increased ploidy. Overall, these results indicate that HIPK2 acts as a caretaker gene, whose inactivation increases tumorigenicity and causes CIN by cytokinesis failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Valente
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bossi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Moncada
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Present address: Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Tornincasa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Present address: Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Armando Bartolazzi
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Fusco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Rinaldo
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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44
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Rutledge SD, Douglas TA, Nicholson JM, Vila-Casadesús M, Kantzler CL, Wangsa D, Barroso-Vilares M, Kale SD, Logarinho E, Cimini D. Selective advantage of trisomic human cells cultured in non-standard conditions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22828. [PMID: 26956415 PMCID: PMC4783771 DOI: 10.1038/srep22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An abnormal chromosome number, a condition known as aneuploidy, is a ubiquitous feature of cancer cells. A number of studies have shown that aneuploidy impairs cellular fitness. However, there is also evidence that aneuploidy can arise in response to specific challenges and can confer a selective advantage under certain environmental stresses. Cancer cells are likely exposed to a number of challenging conditions arising within the tumor microenvironment. To investigate whether aneuploidy may confer a selective advantage to cancer cells, we employed a controlled experimental system. We used the diploid, colorectal cancer cell line DLD1 and two DLD1-derived cell lines carrying single-chromosome aneuploidies to assess a number of cancer cell properties. Such properties, which included rates of proliferation and apoptosis, anchorage-independent growth, and invasiveness, were assessed both under standard culture conditions and under conditions of stress (i.e., serum starvation, drug treatment, hypoxia). Similar experiments were performed in diploid vs. aneuploid non-transformed human primary cells. Overall, our data show that aneuploidy can confer selective advantage to human cells cultured under non-standard conditions. These findings indicate that aneuploidy can increase the adaptability of cells, even those, such as cancer cells, that are already characterized by increased proliferative capacity and aggressive tumorigenic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Rutledge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA.,Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, 1015 Life Sciences Circle, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA
| | - Temple A Douglas
- Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, 1015 Life Sciences Circle, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA.,Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA
| | - Joshua M Nicholson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA.,Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, 1015 Life Sciences Circle, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA
| | | | - Courtney L Kantzler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA.,Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, 1015 Life Sciences Circle, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892 - USA
| | - Monika Barroso-Vilares
- Aging and Aneuploidy Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto - Portugal
| | - Shiv D Kale
- Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, 1015 Life Sciences Circle, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA
| | - Elsa Logarinho
- Aging and Aneuploidy Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto - Portugal.,Cell Division Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto- Portugal
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA.,Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, 1015 Life Sciences Circle, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA
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45
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Rutledge SD, Cimini D. Consequences of aneuploidy in sickness and in health. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 40:41-46. [PMID: 26919076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A link between aneuploidy and miscarriage or cancer in humans has been known for a long time. However, only in recent years the development of experimental models of whole-chromosome aneuploidy has allowed investigators to take a closer look at how aneuploidy affects individual cells. Collectively, recent studies using these models have shown that aneuploidy induces transcriptomic and proteomic changes, chromosomal instability, and adaptation. In this article, we discuss the findings from these recent studies and present current and emerging models on how aneuploidy may be deleterious in certain contexts, but beneficial in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Rutledge
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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46
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Dürrbaum M, Storchová Z. Effects of aneuploidy on gene expression: implications for cancer. FEBS J 2015; 283:791-802. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Dürrbaum
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Martinsried Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Germany
| | - Zuzana Storchová
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Martinsried Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Germany
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47
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Kryukova E, Kryukov F, Hajek R. Centrosome amplification and clonal evolution in multiple myeloma: Short review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 98:116-21. [PMID: 26589397 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is composed of an array of multiple clones, each potentially associated with different clinical behavior. Previous studies focused on clinical implication of centrosome amplification (CA) in MM show contradictory results. It seems that the role of CA as well as CA formation in MM differ from other malignancies. This has brought about a question about the role of CA positive clone which is--is it going to be a more aggressive clone evolutionally arising under pressure of negative conditions or can CA serve as a marker of cell abnormality and lead to cell death and further elimination of this damaged subpopulation? This current review is devoted to the discussion of the existence of MM subclones with centrosome amplification (CA), its evolutionary behaviour within intraclonal heterogeneity as well as its potential impact on the disease progression and MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kryukova
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Fedor Kryukov
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic
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48
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Veneziano L, Barra V, Lentini L, Spatafora S, Di Leonardo A. p14ARFPrevents Proliferation of Aneuploid Cells by Inducing p53-Dependent Apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:336-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Veneziano
- Department of Biological; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Viviana Barra
- Department of Biological; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Laura Lentini
- Department of Biological; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Sergio Spatafora
- Department of Biological; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Department of Biological; Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
- Centro di OncoBiologia Sperimentale (COBS) via San Lorenzo Colli; Palermo Italy
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49
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Ohashi A, Ohori M, Iwai K, Nakayama Y, Nambu T, Morishita D, Kawamoto T, Miyamoto M, Hirayama T, Okaniwa M, Banno H, Ishikawa T, Kandori H, Iwata K. Aneuploidy generates proteotoxic stress and DNA damage concurrently with p53-mediated post-mitotic apoptosis in SAC-impaired cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7668. [PMID: 26144554 PMCID: PMC4506520 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism responsible that determines cell fate after mitotic slippage is unclear. Here we investigate the post-mitotic effects of different mitotic aberrations—misaligned chromosomes produced by CENP-E inhibition and monopolar spindles resulting from Eg5 inhibition. Eg5 inhibition in cells with an impaired spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) induces polyploidy through cytokinesis failure without a strong anti-proliferative effect. In contrast, CENP-E inhibition causes p53-mediated post-mitotic apoptosis triggered by chromosome missegregation. Pharmacological studies reveal that aneuploidy caused by the CENP-E inhibitor, Compound-A, in SAC-attenuated cells causes substantial proteotoxic stress and DNA damage. Polyploidy caused by the Eg5 inhibitor does not produce this effect. Furthermore, p53-mediated post-mitotic apoptosis is accompanied by aneuploidy-associated DNA damage response and unfolded protein response activation. Because Compound-A causes p53 accumulation and antitumour activity in an SAC-impaired xenograft model, CENP-E inhibitors could be potential anticancer drugs effective against SAC-impaired tumours. CENP-E regulates chromosome alignment during mitosis to distribute chromosomes equally into daughter cells. Here, the authors show that CENP-E inhibition causes p53-mediated post-mitotic apoptosis in tumours where the spindle assembly checkpoint is compromised, suggesting that CENP-E is a therapeutic target for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohashi
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Momoko Ohori
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Iwai
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakayama
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Nambu
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morishita
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawamoto
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Maki Miyamoto
- DMPK Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takaharu Hirayama
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Okaniwa
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Banno
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Ishikawa
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kandori
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Iwata
- DMPK Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
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Finseth FR, Dong Y, Saunders A, Fishman L. Duplication and Adaptive Evolution of a Key Centromeric Protein in Mimulus, a Genus with Female Meiotic Drive. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2694-706. [PMID: 26104011 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental asymmetry of female meiosis creates an arena for genetic elements to compete for inclusion in the egg, promoting the selfish evolution of centromere variants that maximize their transmission to the future egg. Such "female meiotic drive" has been hypothesized to explain the paradoxically complex and rapidly evolving nature of centromeric DNA and proteins. Although theoretically widespread, few cases of active drive have been observed, thereby limiting the opportunities to directly assess the impact of centromeric drive on molecular variation at centromeres and binding proteins. Here, we characterize the molecular evolutionary patterns of CENH3, the centromere-defining histone variant, in Mimulus monkeyflowers, a genus with one of the few known cases of active centromere-associated female meiotic drive. First, we identify a novel duplication of CENH3 in diploid Mimulus, including in lineages with actively driving centromeres. Second, we demonstrate long-term adaptive evolution at several sites in the N-terminus of CENH3, a region with some meiosis-specific functions that putatively interacts with centromeric DNA. Finally, we infer that the paralogs evolve under different selective regimes; some sites in the N-terminus evolve under positive selection in the pro-orthologs or only one paralog (CENH3_B) and the paralogs exhibit significantly different patterns of polymorphism within populations. Our finding of long-term, adaptive evolution at CENH3 in the context of centromere-associated meiotic drive supports an antagonistic, coevolutionary battle for evolutionary dominance between centromeric DNA and binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuzhu Dong
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Arpiar Saunders
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lila Fishman
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula
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