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Neuwahl J, Neumann CA, Fitz AC, Biermann AD, Magel M, Friedrich A, Sellin L, Stork B, Piekorz RP, Proksch P, Budach W, Jänicke RU, Sohn D. Combined inhibition of class 1-PI3K-alpha and delta isoforms causes senolysis by inducing p21 WAF1/CIP1 proteasomal degradation in senescent cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:373. [PMID: 38811535 PMCID: PMC11136996 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The targeted elimination of radio- or chemotherapy-induced senescent cells by so-called senolytic substances represents a promising approach to reduce tumor relapse as well as therapeutic side effects such as fibrosis. We screened an in-house library of 178 substances derived from marine sponges, endophytic fungi, and higher plants, and determined their senolytic activities towards DNA damage-induced senescent HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. The Pan-PI3K-inhibitor wortmannin and its clinical derivative, PX-866, were identified to act as senolytics. PX-866 potently induced apoptotic cell death in senescent HCT116, MCF-7 mammary carcinoma, and A549 lung carcinoma cells, independently of whether senescence was induced by ionizing radiation or by chemotherapeutics, but not in proliferating cells. Other Pan-PI3K inhibitors, such as the FDA-approved drug BAY80-6946 (Copanlisib, Aliqopa®), also efficiently and specifically eliminated senescent cells. Interestingly, only the simultaneous inhibition of both PI3K class I alpha (with BYL-719 (Alpelisib, Piqray®)) and delta (with CAL-101 (Idelalisib, Zydelig®)) isoforms was sufficient to induce senolysis, whereas single application of these inhibitors had no effect. On the molecular level, inhibition of PI3Ks resulted in an increased proteasomal degradation of the CDK inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 in all tumor cell lines analyzed. This led to a timely induction of apoptosis in senescent tumor cells. Taken together, the senolytic properties of PI3K-inhibitors reveal a novel dimension of these promising compounds, which holds particular potential when employed alongside DNA damaging agents in combination tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Neuwahl
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chantal A Neumann
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika C Fitz
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anica D Biermann
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Experimental Nephrology, Clinic for Nephrology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maja Magel
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annabelle Friedrich
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lorenz Sellin
- Experimental Nephrology, Clinic for Nephrology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Budach
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reiner U Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Seol MY, Choi SH, Lee IJ, Park HS, Kim HR, Kim SK, Yoon HI. Selective Inhibition of PI3K Isoforms in Brain Tumors Suppresses Tumor Growth by Increasing Radiosensitivity. Yonsei Med J 2023; 64:139-147. [PMID: 36719022 PMCID: PMC9892548 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Radioresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of brain tumors. The development of several types of tumors, including GBM, involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Upon activation, this pathway induces radioresistance. In this study, we investigated whether additional use of selective inhibitors of PI3K isoforms would enhance radiosensitivity in GBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated whether radiation combined with PI3K isoform selective inhibitors can suppress radioresistance in GBM. Glioma 261 expressing luciferase (GL261-luc) and LN229 were used to confirm the effect of combination of radiation and PI3K isoform inhibitors in vitro. Cell viability was confirmed by clonogenic assay, and inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling activation was observed by Western blot. To confirm radiosensitivity, the expression of phospho-γ-H2AX was observed by immunofluorescence. In addition, to identify the effect of a combination of radiation and PI3K-α isoform inhibitor in vivo, an intracranial mouse model was established by implanting GL261-luc. Tumor growth was observed by IVIS imaging, and survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS Suppression of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway increased radiosensitivity, and PI3K-α inhibition had similar effects on PI3K-pan inhibition in vitro. The combination of radiotherapy and PI3K-α isoform inhibitor suppressed tumor growth and extended survival in vivo. CONCLUSION This study verified that PI3K-α isoform inhibition improves radiosensitivity, resulting in tumor growth suppression and extended survival in GBM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Youn Seol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hee Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ik Jae Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Soon Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong In Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Seol MY, Choi SH, Yoon HI. Combining radiation with PI3K isoform-selective inhibitor administration increases radiosensitivity and suppresses tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:591-601. [PMID: 35536306 PMCID: PMC9303607 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant lung tumor with a dismal prognosis. The activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway is common in many tumor types including NSCLC, which results in radioresistance and changes in the tumor microenvironment. Although pan-PI3K inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials to overcome radioresistance, concerns regarding their excessive side effects led to the consideration of selective inhibition of PI3K isoforms. In this study, we assessed whether combining radiation with the administration of the PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors reduces radioresistance and tumor growth in NSCLC. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway enhanced radiosensitivity substantially, and PI3K-α inhibitor showed superior radiosensitizing effect similar to PI3K pan-inhibitor, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, a significant increase in DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and a decrease in migration ability were observed. Our study revealed that combining radiation and the PI3K-α isoform improved radiosensitivity that resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth and improved survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Youn Seol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hee Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong In Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Meattini I, Livi L, Lorito N, Becherini C, Bacci M, Visani L, Fozza A, Belgioia L, Loi M, Mangoni M, Lambertini M, Morandi A. Integrating radiation therapy with targeted treatments for breast cancer: from bench to bedside. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 108:102417. [PMID: 35623219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Mardanshahi A, Gharibkandi NA, Vaseghi S, Abedi SM, Molavipordanjani S. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitors enhance radiosensitivity in cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1-14. [PMID: 34357550 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is one of the most common types of cancer treatment modalities. Radiation can affect both cancer and normal tissues, which limits the whole delivered dose. It is well documented that radiation activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT signaling pathway; hence, the inhibition of this pathway enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a regulator that is involved in autophagy, cell growth, proliferation, and survival. CONCLUSION The inhibition of mTOR as a downstream mediator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway represents a vital option for more effective cancer treatments. The combination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors with radiation can increase the radiosensitivity of malignant cells to radiation by autophagy activation. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the impact of such inhibitors on the cell response to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mardanshahi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasrin Abbasi Gharibkandi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Samaneh Vaseghi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Abedi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sajjad Molavipordanjani
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Hintelmann K, Kriegs M, Rothkamm K, Rieckmann T. Improving the Efficacy of Tumor Radiosensitization Through Combined Molecular Targeting. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1260. [PMID: 32903756 PMCID: PMC7438822 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiation, either alone or in combination with surgery or induction chemotherapy, is the current standard of care for most locally advanced solid tumors. Though chemoradiation is usually performed at the maximum tolerated doses of both chemotherapy and radiation, current cure rates are not satisfactory for many tumor entities, since tumor heterogeneity and plasticity result in chemo- and radioresistance. Advances in the understanding of tumor biology, a rapidly growing number of molecular targeting agents and novel technologies enabling the in-depth characterization of individual tumors, have fuelled the hope of entering an era of precision oncology, where each tumor will be treated according to its individual characteristics and weaknesses. At present though, molecular targeting approaches in combination with radiotherapy or chemoradiation have not yet proven to be beneficial over standard chemoradiation treatment in the clinical setting. A promising approach to improve efficacy is the combined usage of two targeting agents in order to inhibit backup pathways or achieve a more complete pathway inhibition. Here we review preclinical attempts to utilize such dual targeting strategies for future tumor radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hintelmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Naulaerts S, Menden MP, Ballester PJ. Concise Polygenic Models for Cancer-Specific Identification of Drug-Sensitive Tumors from Their Multi-Omics Profiles. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E963. [PMID: 32604779 PMCID: PMC7356608 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In silico models to predict which tumors will respond to a given drug are necessary for Precision Oncology. However, predictive models are only available for a handful of cases (each case being a given drug acting on tumors of a specific cancer type). A way to generate predictive models for the remaining cases is with suitable machine learning algorithms that are yet to be applied to existing in vitro pharmacogenomics datasets. Here, we apply XGBoost integrated with a stringent feature selection approach, which is an algorithm that is advantageous for these high-dimensional problems. Thus, we identified and validated 118 predictive models for 62 drugs across five cancer types by exploiting four molecular profiles (sequence mutations, copy-number alterations, gene expression, and DNA methylation). Predictive models were found in each cancer type and with every molecular profile. On average, no omics profile or cancer type obtained models with higher predictive accuracy than the rest. However, within a given cancer type, some molecular profiles were overrepresented among predictive models. For instance, CNA profiles were predictive in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) cell lines, but not in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines where gene expression (GEX) and DNA methylation profiles were the most predictive. Lastly, we identified the best XGBoost model per cancer type and analyzed their selected features. For each model, some of the genes in the selected list had already been found to be individually linked to the response to that drug, providing additional evidence of the usefulness of these models and the merits of the feature selection scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Naulaerts
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, INSERM U1068, F-13009 Marseille, France;
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR7258, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael P. Menden
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pedro J. Ballester
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, INSERM U1068, F-13009 Marseille, France;
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR7258, F-13009 Marseille, France
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Wanigasooriya K, Tyler R, Barros-Silva JD, Sinha Y, Ismail T, Beggs AD. Radiosensitising Cancer Using Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K), Protein Kinase B (AKT) or Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1278. [PMID: 32443649 PMCID: PMC7281073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is routinely used as a neoadjuvant, adjuvant or palliative treatment in various cancers. There is significant variation in clinical response to radiotherapy with or without traditional chemotherapy. Patients with a good response to radiotherapy demonstrate better clinical outcomes universally across different cancers. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway upregulation has been linked to radiotherapy resistance. We reviewed the current literature exploring the role of inhibiting targets along this pathway, in enhancing radiotherapy response. We identified several studies using in vitro cancer cell lines, in vivo tumour xenografts and a few Phase I/II clinical trials. Most of the current evidence in this area comes from glioblastoma multiforme, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer. The biological basis for radiosensitivity following pathway inhibition was through inhibited DNA double strand break repair, inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced apoptosis and autophagy as well as tumour microenvironment changes. Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition consistently demonstrated radiosensitisation of all types of cancer cells. Single pathway component inhibitors and other inhibitor combinations yielded variable outcomes especially within early clinical trials. There is ample evidence from preclinical studies to suggest that direct pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components can radiosensitise different types of cancer cells. We recommend that future in vitro and in vivo research in this field should focus on dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. Early clinical trials are needed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of these dual inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy in brain, lung, head and neck, breast, prostate and rectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Wanigasooriya
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.D.B.-S.); (Y.S.); (A.D.B.)
- The New Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (R.T.); (T.I.)
| | - Robert Tyler
- The New Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (R.T.); (T.I.)
| | - Joao D. Barros-Silva
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.D.B.-S.); (Y.S.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Yashashwi Sinha
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.D.B.-S.); (Y.S.); (A.D.B.)
- The New Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (R.T.); (T.I.)
| | - Tariq Ismail
- The New Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (R.T.); (T.I.)
| | - Andrew D. Beggs
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.D.B.-S.); (Y.S.); (A.D.B.)
- The New Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (R.T.); (T.I.)
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Liao J, Jin H, Li S, Xu L, Peng Z, Wei G, Long J, Guo Y, Kuang M, Zhou Q, Peng S. Apatinib potentiates irradiation effect via suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:454. [PMID: 31694662 PMCID: PMC6836669 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Limited effective intervention for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is available. This study aimed to investigate the potential clinical utility of apatinib, a highly selective inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) tyrosine kinase, as a radiosensitizer in the treatment of HCC. Methods Four human HCC cell lines SMMC-7721, MHCC-97H, HCCLM3 and Hep-3B were treated with apatinib, irradiation or combination treatment. Colony formation assay, flow cytometry and nuclear γ-H2AX foci immunofluorescence staining were performed to evaluate the efficacy of combination treatment. RNA sequencing was conducted to explore the potential mechanism. The impact of combination treatment on tumor growth was assessed by xenograft mice models. Results Colony formation assay revealed that apatinib enhanced the radiosensitivity of HCC cell lines. Apatinib suppressed repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Flow cytometry analysis showed that apatinib increased radiation-induced apoptosis. Apatinib radiosensitized HCC via suppression of radiation-induced PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, an in vivo study indicated apatinib combined with irradiation significantly decreased xenograft tumor growth. Conclusions Our results indicate that apatinib has therapeutic potential as a radiosensitizer in HCC, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a critical role in mediating radiosensitization of apatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huilin Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shaoqiang Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guangyan Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianting Long
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Division of Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Department of General Surgery, Huiya Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Huizhou, 516081, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sui Peng
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Strauss VY, Shaw R, Virdee PS, Hurt CN, Ward E, Tranter B, Patel N, Bridgewater J, Parsons P, Radhakrishna G, O’Neill E, Sebag-Montefiore D, Hawkins M, Corrie PG, Maughan T, Mukherjee S. Study protocol: a multi-centre randomised study of induction chemotherapy followed by capecitabine ± nelfinavir with high- or standard-dose radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (SCALOP-2). BMC Cancer 2019; 19:121. [PMID: 30717707 PMCID: PMC6360784 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation is a treatment option for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). However, overall survival is comparable to chemotherapy alone and local progression occurs in nearly half of all patients, suggesting chemoradiation strategies should be optimised. SCALOP-2 is a randomised phase II trial testing the role of radiotherapy dose escalation and/or the addition of the radiosensitiser nelfinavir, following induction chemotherapy of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (GEMABX). A safety run-in phase (stage 1) established the nelfinavir dose to administer with chemoradiation in the randomised phase (stage 2). METHODS Patients with locally advanced, inoperable, non-metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma receive three cycles of induction GEMABX chemotherapy prior to radiological assessment. Those with stable/responding disease are eligible for further trial treatment. In Stage 1, participants received one further cycle of GEMABX followed by capecitabine-chemoradiation with escalating doses of nelfinavir in a rolling-six design. Stage 2 aims to register 262 and randomise 170 patients with responding/stable disease to one of five arms: capecitabine with high- (arms C + D) or standard-dose (arms A + B) radiotherapy with (arms A + C) or without (arms B + D) nelfinavir, or three more cycles of GEMABX (arm E). Participants allocated to the chemoradiation arms receive another cycle of GEMABX before chemoradiation begins. Co-primary outcomes are 12-month overall survival (radiotherapy dose-escalation question) and progression-free survival (nelfinavir question). Secondary outcomes include toxicity, quality of life, disease response rate, resection rate, treatment compliance, and CA19-9 response. SCALOP-2 incorporates a detailed radiotherapy quality assurance programme. DISCUSSION SCALOP-2 aims to optimise chemoradiation in LAPC and incorporates a modern induction regimen. TRIAL REGISTRATION Eudract No: 2013-004968-56; ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT02024009.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Shaw
- Oncology Clinical Trials Office, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Ward
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Bethan Tranter
- Pharmacy Department, Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre NHS University Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | - Neel Patel
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John Bridgewater
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Philip Parsons
- Cardiff NCRI RTTQA group, Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ganesh Radhakrishna
- Oncology Department, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Eric O’Neill
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, CRUK MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Maria Hawkins
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, CRUK MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, UK
| | - Pippa G. Corrie
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, CRUK MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, UK
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, CRUK MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, UK
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11
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Improved synergistic anticancer efficacy of quercetin in combination with PI-103, rottlerin, and G0 6983 against MCF-7 and RAW 264.7 cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 55:36-44. [PMID: 30413935 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been chronicles of the history of a long way journey in the cure of physiological or pathophysiological conditions in various diseases including cancer. Our previous findings suggest the extensive mechanism of quercetin (QUE) mediated regression of cell survival, cell proliferation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis via modulating PI3K and PKC signaling in lymphoma as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. PI3K-PKC pathway is a key monitor of mammalian cells regulated by its different isoenzymes, which may exert similar or opposite cellular effects by differential coupling of signaling pathways. Put forward the invention of selective inhibitors against various isoenzymes is beneficial to reduce the burden of inclusive deleterious effects of drug for normal physiological process. Therefore, we hypothesized the improved anticancer efficacy of QUE in combination with isoenzyme inhibitors-rottlerin (ROT-PKCδ inhibitor), G0 6983 (PKCα inhibitor), and PI-103 (p110α-class I PI3K inhibitor) in MCF-7 and RAW 264.7 cells. QUE significantly improves the cytotoxicity of ROT + G0 6983 ranged 30-55% and PI-103 ranged 24-63% after 24-48 h against MCF-7 cells. Additionally in the presence of QUE, the improved cytotoxicity of ROT + G0 6983 is observed to range 69-75% and PI-103 ranged 45-88% after 24-48 h in RAW 264.7 cells. This increment in cell deaths are positively correlated with enhanced morphological alteration observed in MCF-7 cells. Further, QUE significantly increases the attenuation of PKCα level approximately by 50% in combination with PI-103. Overall results of the current study suggested that QUE improves the synergistic anticancer efficacy in combination with PI-103, ROT, and G0 6983 in MCF-7 and RAW 264.7 cells.
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12
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Lockney NA, Wang DG, Pei X, Goldman DA, Zhang Z, Lin A, Chan TA, Yamada Y, Beal K, Yang TJ. Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Mutations Are Associated With Increased Local Failure in Brain Metastases Treated With Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 101:833-844. [PMID: 29976496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) mutations confer suboptimal local control after radiation therapy (RT) for brain metastases. METHODS AND MATERIALS We retrospectively reviewed 259 patients with brain metastases treated with RT during the period 2004 to 2017 for whom tumor genetic data (MSK-IMPACT) were available for primary or metastatic lesions. Associations between clinical factors, PI3K mutations status, and local failure (LF) were evaluated with univariate and multivariate competing risks regression. RESULTS A total of 112 patients received whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) to a median dose of 30 Gy in 10 fractions, and 147 patients received stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to 338 lesions; 276 lesions were treated with single fraction SRS (median dose 21 Gy) and 76 lesions over 3 to 5 fractions SRS (median dose 30 Gy). PI3K mutations were present in 36 WBRT patients (32%) and 44 SRS patients (30%). For WBRT, patients with PI3K mutations (hazard ratio 2.67, P < .001) were found to be at higher risk for LF on multivariable analysis, and the 1-year cumulative incidence of LF was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI] 32%-65%) for patients with PI3K mutations versus 26% (95% CI 17%-37%) for patients without PI3K mutations. For SRS lesions, while PI3K mutations positivity was not statistically significantly associated with LF, higher rate of LF was observed: 1-year LF cumulative incidence of 11% (95% CI 6%-17%) for patients with PI3K mutations versus 5% (95% CI 3%-9%) for patients without PI3K mutations. CONCLUSION Patients with PI3K mutations are at higher risk for LF for brain metastases after RT. Novel therapeutic strategies to improve treatment outcomes in these patients should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Lockney
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Diana G Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xin Pei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Debra A Goldman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Lin
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yoshiya Yamada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn Beal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - T Jonathan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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13
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Blas K, Wilson TG, Tonlaar N, Galoforo S, Hana A, Marples B, Wilson GD. Dual blockade of PI3K and MEK in combination with radiation in head and neck cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2018; 11:1-10. [PMID: 30014041 PMCID: PMC6019866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose In this study we have combined fractionated radiation treatment (RT) with two molecular targeted agents active against key deregulated signaling pathways in head and neck cancer. Materials and methods We used two molecularly characterized, low passage HNSCC cell lines of differing biological characteristics to study the effects of binimetinib and buparlisib in combination with radiation in vitro and in vivo. Results Buparlisib was active against both cell lines in vitro whereas binimetinib was more toxic to UT-SCC-14. Neither agent modified radiation sensitivity in vitro. Buparlisib significantly inhibited growth of UT-SSC-15 alone or in combination with RT but was ineffective in UT-SCC-14. Binimetinib did cause a significant delay with RT in UT-SCC-14 and it significantly reduced growth of the UT-SCC-15 tumors both alone and with RT. The tri-modality treatment was not as effective as RT with a single effective agent. Conclusions No significant benefit was gained by the combined use of the two agents with RT even though each was efficacious when used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Blas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Thomas G Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Nathan Tonlaar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Sandra Galoforo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Alaa Hana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - George D Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States.,Beaumont BioBank, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States
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14
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Djuzenova CS, Fiedler V, Katzer A, Michel K, Deckert S, Zimmermann H, Sukhorukov VL, Flentje M. Dual PI3K- and mTOR-inhibitor PI-103 can either enhance or reduce the radiosensitizing effect of the Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 in tumor cells: The role of drug-irradiation schedule. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38191-38209. [PMID: 27224913 PMCID: PMC5122382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of Hsp90 can increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. However, inhibition of Hsp90 alone induces the anti-apoptotic Hsp70 and thereby decreases radiosensitivity. Therefore, preventing Hsp70 induction can be a promising strategy for radiosensitization. PI-103, an inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR, has previously been shown to suppress the up-regulation of Hsp70. Here, we explore the impact of combining PI-103 with the Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 in irradiated glioblastoma and colon carcinoma cells. We analyzed the cellular response to drug-irradiation treatments by colony-forming assay, expression of several marker proteins, cell cycle progression and induction/repair of DNA damage. Although PI-103, given 24 h prior to irradiation, slightly suppressed the NVP-AUY922-mediated up-regulation of Hsp70, it did not cause radiosensitization and even diminished the radiosensitizing effect of NVP-AUY922. This result can be explained by the activation of PI3K and ERK pathways along with G1-arrest at the time of irradiation. In sharp contrast, PI-103 not only exerted a radiosensitizing effect but also strongly enhanced the radiosensitization by NVP-AUY922 when both inhibitors were added 3 h before irradiation and kept in culture for 24 h. Possible reasons for the observed radiosensitization under this drug-irradiation schedule may be a down-regulation of PI3K and ERK pathways during or directly after irradiation, increased residual DNA damage and strong G2/M arrest 24 h thereafter. We conclude that duration of drug treatment before irradiation plays a key role in the concomitant targeting of PI3K/mTOR and Hsp90 in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholpon S Djuzenova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Fiedler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Katzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konstanze Michel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Deckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, St. Ingbert and Lehrstuhl für Molekulare und Zelluläre Biotechnologie/Nanotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Vladimir L Sukhorukov
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Korde A, Jin L, Zhang JG, Ramaswamy A, Hu B, Kolahian S, Guardela BJ, Herazo-Maya J, Siegfried JM, Stabile L, Pisani MA, Herbst RS, Kaminski N, Elias JA, Puchalski JT, Takyar SS. Lung Endothelial MicroRNA-1 Regulates Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:1443-1455. [PMID: 28853613 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201610-2157oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular endothelial growth factor down-regulates microRNA-1 (miR-1) in the lung endothelium, and endothelial cells play a critical role in tumor progression and angiogenesis. OBJECTIVES To examine the clinical significance of miR-1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its specific role in tumor endothelium. METHODS miR-1 levels were measured by Taqman assay. Endothelial cells were isolated by magnetic sorting. We used vascular endothelial cadherin promoter to create a vascular-specific miR-1 lentiviral vector and an inducible transgenic mouse. KRASG12D mut/Trp53-/- (KP) mice, lung-specific vascular endothelial growth factor transgenic mice, Lewis lung carcinoma xenografts, and primary endothelial cells were used to test the effects of miR-1. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In two cohorts of patients with NSCLC, miR-1 levels were lower in tumors than the cancer-free tissue. Tumor miR-1 levels correlated with the overall survival of patients with NSCLC. miR-1 levels were also lower in endothelial cells isolated from NSCLC tumors and tumor-bearing lungs of KP mouse model. We examined the significance of lower miR-1 levels by testing the effects of vascular-specific miR-1 overexpression. Vector-mediated delivery or transgenic overexpression of miR-1 in endothelial cells decreased tumor burden in KP mice, reduced the growth and vascularity of Lewis lung carcinoma xenografts, and decreased tracheal angiogenesis in vascular endothelial growth factor transgenic mice. In endothelial cells, miR-1 level was regulated through phosphoinositide 3-kinase and specifically controlled proliferation, de novo DNA synthesis, and ERK1/2 activation. Myeloproliferative leukemia oncogene was targeted by miR-1 in the lung endothelium and regulated tumor growth and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial miR-1 is down-regulated in NSCLC tumors and controls tumor progression and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asawari Korde
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and
| | - Lei Jin
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and.,2 Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jian-Ge Zhang
- 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | - Buqu Hu
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- 4 Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jill M Siegfried
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Laura Stabile
- 6 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | - Roy S Herbst
- 7 Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Jack A Elias
- 8 Division of Biology and Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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16
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D'Costa Z, Jones K, Azad A, van Stiphout R, Lim SY, Gomes AL, Kinchesh P, Smart SC, Gillies McKenna W, Buffa FM, Sansom OJ, Muschel RJ, O'Neill E, Fokas E. Gemcitabine-Induced TIMP1 Attenuates Therapy Response and Promotes Tumor Growth and Liver Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5952-5962. [PMID: 28765154 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine constitutes one of the backbones for chemotherapy treatment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but patients often respond poorly to this agent. Molecular markers downstream of gemcitabine treatment in preclinical models may provide an insight into resistance mechanisms. Using cytokine arrays, we identified potential secretory biomarkers of gemcitabine resistance (response) in the transgenic KRasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx-1 Cre (KPC) mouse model of PDAC. We verified the oncogenic role of the cytokine tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) in primary pancreatic tumors and metastases using both in vitro techniques and animal models. We identified potential pathways affected downstream of TIMP1 using the Illumina Human H12 array. Our findings were validated in both primary and metastatic models of pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine increased inflammatory cytokines including TIMP1 in the KPC mouse model. TIMP1 was upregulated in patients with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias grade 3 and PDAC lesions relative to matched normal pancreatic tissue. In addition, TIMP1 played a role in tumor clonogenic survival and vascular density, while TIMP1 inhibition resensitized tumors to gemcitabine and radiotherapy. We observed a linear relationship between TIMP-1 expression, liver metastatic burden, and infiltration by CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells and CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs, whereas the presence of tumor cells was required for immune cell infiltration. Overall, our results identify TIMP1 upregulation as a resistance mechanism to gemcitabine and provide a rationale for combining chemo/radiotherapy with TIMP1 inhibitors in PDAC. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5952-62. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenobia D'Costa
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keaton Jones
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Abul Azad
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruud van Stiphout
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Su Y Lim
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Kinchesh
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C Smart
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - W Gillies McKenna
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute of Oncology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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17
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Clémenson C, Chargari C, Liu W, Mondini M, Ferté C, Burbridge MF, Cattan V, Jacquet-Bescond A, Deutsch E. The MET/AXL/FGFR Inhibitor S49076 Impairs Aurora B Activity and Improves the Antitumor Efficacy of Radiotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2107-2119. [PMID: 28619752 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several therapeutic agents targeting HGF/MET signaling are under clinical development as single agents or in combination, notably with anti-EGFR therapies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite increasing data supporting a link between MET, irradiation, and cancer progression, no data regarding the combination of MET-targeting agents and radiotherapy are available from the clinic. S49076 is an oral ATP-competitive inhibitor of MET, AXL, and FGFR1-3 receptors that is currently in phase I/II clinical trials in combination with gefitinib in NSCLC patients whose tumors show resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Here, we studied the impact of S49076 on MET signaling, cell proliferation, and clonogenic survival in MET-dependent (GTL16 and U87-MG) and MET-independent (H441, H460, and A549) cells. Our data show that S49076 exerts its cytotoxic activity at low doses on MET-dependent cells through MET inhibition, whereas it inhibits growth of MET-independent cells at higher but clinically relevant doses by targeting Aurora B. Furthermore, we found that S49076 improves the antitumor efficacy of radiotherapy in both MET-dependent and MET-independent cell lines in vitro and in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models in vivo In conclusion, our study demonstrates that S49076 has dual antitumor activity and can be used in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of both MET-dependent and MET-independent tumors. These results support the evaluation of combined treatment of S49076 with radiation in clinical trials without patient selection based on the tumor MET dependency status. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2107-19. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Clémenson
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR Radiothérapie Moléculaire, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U1030, SIRIC Socrates, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR Radiothérapie Moléculaire, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U1030, SIRIC Socrates, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Département de Radiothérapie, Villejuif, France.,Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-Sur-Orge, France
| | - Winchygn Liu
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR Radiothérapie Moléculaire, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U1030, SIRIC Socrates, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France
| | - Michele Mondini
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR Radiothérapie Moléculaire, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U1030, SIRIC Socrates, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France
| | - Charles Ferté
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR Radiothérapie Moléculaire, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U1030, SIRIC Socrates, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U981, Villejuif, France
| | - Mike F Burbridge
- Oncology Unit, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Valérie Cattan
- Oncology Unit, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Eric Deutsch
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR Radiothérapie Moléculaire, Villejuif, France. .,INSERM, U1030, SIRIC Socrates, DHU TORINO, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Département de Radiothérapie, Villejuif, France.,Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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18
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Wang D, Gao L, Liu X, Yuan C, Wang G. Improved antitumor effect of ionizing radiation in combination with rapamycin for treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1105-1108. [PMID: 28693280 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate if rapamycin is a radiosensitizer of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and to identify which pathways are involved in radiation sensitization. In vitro, using untreated cells as the control, NPC cells were treated with rapamycin, ionizing radiation (IR) or both. Differences in the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β, expression of cyclin D1, clonogenic survival, number of phosphorylated histone subunit 2AX (γH2AX) foci, and cell cycle status between the study groups were compared. The results indicated that rapamycin alone decreased the phosphorylation of S6 and GSK3β, as well as the expression of cyclin D1, in NPC cells. Thus, rapamycin-treated NPC cells had lower cell viability, and higher DNA damage and G1 arrest than control cells. In addition, the combination of rapamycin and IR caused the highest cell death, DNA damage and G1 arrest when compared with the effects caused by either treatment alone. In conclusion, rapamycin improves the anti-tumor effect of IR for treating NPC through inhibiting the Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin/S6 and Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Lichen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Yuan
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
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19
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Yang J, Farren MR, Ahn D, Bekaii-Saab T, Lesinski GB. Signaling pathways as therapeutic targets in biliary tract cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:485-498. [PMID: 28282502 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1306055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) is increasing, and the disease is frequently diagnosed during advanced stages, leading to poor overall survival. Limited treatment options are currently available and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. A number of completed clinical trials have evaluated the role of chemotherapy for BTC, demonstrating a marginal benefit. Thus, there is increased interest in applying targeted therapies for this disease. Areas covered: This review article summarizes the role of chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of BTC, and highlights key signal transduction pathways of interest for targeted inhibition. Of particular interest are the MEK or MAP2K (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) pathways. We discuss the available data on several promising inhibitors of these pathways, both in the pre-clinical and clinical settings. Expert opinion: Future treatment strategies should address targeting of MEK, PI3K and STAT3 for BTC, with a focus on combined therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yang
- a Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Matthew R Farren
- b Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , The Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Daniel Ahn
- c Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- c Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- b Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology , The Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
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20
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Azad A, Yin Lim S, D'Costa Z, Jones K, Diana A, Sansom OJ, Kruger P, Liu S, McKenna WG, Dushek O, Muschel RJ, Fokas E. PD-L1 blockade enhances response of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to radiotherapy. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:167-180. [PMID: 27932443 PMCID: PMC5286375 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered a non-immunogenic tumor, and immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy lacks efficacy in this disease. Radiotherapy (RT) can stimulate the immune system. Here, we show that treatment of KPC and Pan02 murine PDAC cells with RT and gemcitabine upregulated PD-L1 expression in a JAK/Stat1-dependent manner. In vitro, PD-L1 inhibition did not alter radio- and chemosensitivity. In vivo, addition of anti-PD-L1 to high (12, 5 × 3, 20 Gy) but not low (6, 5 × 2 Gy) RT doses significantly improved tumor response in KPC and Pan02 allografts. Radiosensitization after PD-L1 blockade was associated with reduced CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cell infiltration and enhanced CD45+CD8+ T-cell infiltration with concomitant upregulation of T-cell activation markers including CD69, CD44, and FasL, and increased CD8:Treg ratio. Depletion of CD8+ T cells abrogated radiosensitization by anti-PD-L1. Blockade of PD-L1 further augmented the effect of high RT doses (12 Gy) in preventing development of liver metastases. Exploring multiple mathematical models reveals a mechanism able to explain the observed synergy between RT and anti-PD-L1 therapy. Our findings provide a rationale for testing the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors with RT in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Azad
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Su Yin Lim
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zenobia D'Costa
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Keaton Jones
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Diana
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Cancer Institute, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Philipp Kruger
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stanley Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W Gillies McKenna
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Omer Dushek
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Button RW, Vincent JH, Strang CJ, Luo S. Dual PI-3 kinase/mTOR inhibition impairs autophagy flux and induces cell death independent of apoptosis and necroptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:5157-75. [PMID: 26814436 PMCID: PMC4868678 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI-3 kinase (PI-3K)/mTOR pathway is critical for cell growth and proliferation. Strategies of antagonising this signaling have proven to be detrimental to cell survival. This observation, coupled with the fact many tumours show enhanced growth signaling, has caused dual inhibitors of PI-3K and mTOR to be implicated in cancer treatment, and have thus been studied across various tumour models. Since PI-3K (class-I)/mTOR pathway negatively regulates autophagy, dual inhibitors of PI-3K/mTOR are currently believed to be autophagy activators. However, our present data show that the dual PI-3K/mTOR inhibition (DKI) potently suppresses autophagic flux. We further confirm that inhibition of Vps34/PI3KC3, the class-III PI-3K, causes the blockade to autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Our data suggest that DKI induces cell death independently of apoptosis and necroptosis, whereas autophagy perturbation by DKI may contribute to cell death. Given that autophagy is critical in cellular homeostasis, our study not only clarifies the role of a dual PI-3K/mTOR inhibitor in autophagy, but also suggests that its autophagy inhibition needs to be considered if such an agent is used in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Button
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth, UK
| | - Joseph H Vincent
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth, UK
| | - Conor J Strang
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth, UK
| | - Shouqing Luo
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth, UK
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22
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Ong PS, Wang LZ, Dai X, Tseng SH, Loo SJ, Sethi G. Judicious Toggling of mTOR Activity to Combat Insulin Resistance and Cancer: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:395. [PMID: 27826244 PMCID: PMC5079084 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), via its two distinct multiprotein complexes, mTORC1, and mTORC2, plays a central role in the regulation of cellular growth, metabolism, and migration. A dysregulation of the mTOR pathway has in turn been implicated in several pathological conditions including insulin resistance and cancer. Overactivation of mTORC1 and disruption of mTORC2 function have been reported to induce insulin resistance. On the other hand, aberrant mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling via either genetic alterations or increased expression of proteins regulating mTOR and its downstream targets have contributed to cancer development. These underlined the attractiveness of mTOR as a therapeutic target to overcome both insulin resistance and cancer. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the notion of intermittent, low dose rapamycin for treating insulin resistance. It further highlights recent data on the continuous use of high dose rapamycin analogs and related second generation mTOR inhibitors for cancer eradication, for overcoming chemoresistance and for tumor stem cell suppression. Within these contexts, the potential challenges associated with the use of mTOR inhibitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Shi Ong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Z Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shang Jun Loo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
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Yang X, Niu B, Wang L, Chen M, Kang X, Wang L, Ji Y, Zhong J. Autophagy inhibition enhances colorectal cancer apoptosis induced by dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor NVP-BEZ235. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:102-106. [PMID: 27347108 PMCID: PMC4906634 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway performs a central role in tumorigenesis and is constitutively activated in many malignancies. As a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor currently undergoing evaluation in a phase I/II clinical trial, NVP-BEZ235 indicates a significant antitumor efficacy in diverse solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Autophagy is a catabolic process that maintains cellular homeostasis and reduces diverse stresses through lysosomal recycling of the unnecessary and damaged cell components. This process is also observed to antagonize the antitumor efficacy of PI3K/mTOR inhibitor agents such as NVP-BEZ235, via apoptosis inhibition. In the present study, we investigated anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing ability of NVP-BEZ235 in SW480 cells and the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in SW480 cells treated with NVP-BEZ235 in combination with an autophagy inhibitor. The results revealed that, NVP-BEZ235 effectively inhibit the growth of SW480 cells by targeting the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway and induced apoptosis. The inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine or chloroquine inhibitors in combination with NVP-BEZ235 in SW480 cells enhanced the apoptotic rate as componets to NVP-BEZ235 alone. In conclusion, the findings provide a rationale for chemotherapy targeting the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway presenting a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in combination with an autophagy inhibitor in CRC treatment and treatment of other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Bingxuan Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Kang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Luonan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Ji
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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Pal I, Dey KK, Chaurasia M, Parida S, Das S, Rajesh Y, Sharma K, Chowdhury T, Mandal M. Cooperative effect of BI-69A11 and celecoxib enhances radiosensitization by modulating DNA damage repair in colon carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6389-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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26
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Zumsteg ZS, Morse N, Krigsfeld G, Gupta G, Higginson DS, Lee NY, Morris L, Ganly I, Shiao SL, Powell SN, Chung CH, Scaltriti M, Baselga J. Taselisib (GDC-0032), a Potent β-Sparing Small Molecule Inhibitor of PI3K, Radiosensitizes Head and Neck Squamous Carcinomas Containing Activating PIK3CA Alterations. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2009-19. [PMID: 26589432 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE ActivatingPIK3CAgenomic alterations are frequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and there is an association between phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and radioresistance. Hence, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting PI3K with GDC-0032, a PI3K inhibitor with potent activity against p110α, in combination with radiation in HNSCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The efficacy of GDC-0032 was assessedin vitroin 26 HNSCC cell lines with crystal violet proliferation assays, and changes in PI3K signaling were measured by Western blot analysis. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitization were assessed with Annexin V staining via flow cytometry and clonogenic survival assays, respectively. DNA damage repair was assessed with immunofluorescence for γH2AX foci, and cell cycle analysis was performed with flow cytometry.In vivoefficacy of GDC-0032 and radiation was assessed in xenografts implanted into nude mice. RESULTS GDC-0032 inhibited potently PI3K signaling and displayed greater antiproliferative activity in HNSCC cell lines withPIK3CAmutations or amplification, whereas cell lines withPTENalterations were relatively resistant to its effects. Pretreatment with GDC-0032 radiosensitizedPIK3CA-mutant HNSCC cells, enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis, impaired DNA damage repair, and prolonged G2-M arrest following irradiation. Furthermore, combined GDC-0032 and radiation was more effective than either treatment alonein vivoin subcutaneous xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS GDC-0032 has increased potency in HNSCC cell lines harboringPIK3CA-activating aberrations. Further, combined GDC-0032 and radiotherapy was more efficacious than either treatment alone inPIK3CA-altered HNSCCin vitroandin vivo This strategy warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Zumsteg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Natasha Morse
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York
| | - Gabriel Krigsfeld
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gaorav Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel S Higginson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Y Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Luc Morris
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York
| | - Ian Ganly
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York
| | - Stephan L Shiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Simon N Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York
| | - José Baselga
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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27
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Geng X, Xie L, Xing H. PI3K Inhibitor Combined With Chemotherapy Can Enhance the Apoptosis of Neuroblastoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015. [PMID: 26224681 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615597366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is a novel poor prognostic indicator of neuroblastoma (NB), and the positive effects of chemotherapy on NB have been confirmed. In this study, we investigated the effect of small molecule PI3K inhibitor PI103 on chemosensitivity. The PI3K inhibitor cooperates with doxorubicin to synergistically induce apoptosis and to reduce tumor growth of NB in in vitro and in vivo models. Human NB cells, SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2), were treated with PI103 combined doxorubicin-enhanced Bid cleavage, activated Bax, and caspase 3. Activation of caspase 3 was also observed in xenografts of NB in nude mice upon combination of doxorubicin with the specific PI3K inhibitor PI103. Cell viability was assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Both PI103 and doxorubicin inhibited growth of NB in vitro and PI103 induced a G1 arrest of NB cells. PI103 combined doxorubicin significantly inhibits the growth of established NB tumors, induced apoptosis of tumor cells, and improved the survival of mice in vivo Taken together, our findings suggest that PI3K inhibition seems to be a promising option to sensitize tumor cells for chemotherapy in NB, which may be effective in the treatment of NBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Division of Surgery, Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhangqiu, Shandong, China
| | - Hongshun Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
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28
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Chang L, Graham PH, Ni J, Hao J, Bucci J, Cozzi PJ, Li Y. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the treatment of prostate cancer radioresistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:507-17. [PMID: 26253360 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway is one of the most frequently activated signaling pathways in prostate cancer (CaP) and other cancers, and responsible for the survival, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Recent advances in radiation therapy indicate that activation of this pathway is closely associated with cancer radioresistance, which is a major challenge for the current CaP radiation treatment. Therefore, targeting this pathway by inhibitors to enhance radiosensitivity has great potential for clinical benefits of CaP patients. In this review, we summarize the recent findings in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in CaP radiotherapy research and discuss the potential use of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors as radiosensitizers in the treatment of CaP radioresistance in preclinical studies to explore novel approaches for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chang
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter H Graham
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jingli Hao
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Bucci
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J Cozzi
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre and Prostate Cancer Institute, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling as a key mediator of tumor cell responsiveness to radiation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:180-90. [PMID: 26192967 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is a key cascade downstream of several protein kinases, especially membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members. Hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is correlated with tumor development, progression, poor prognosis, and resistance to cancer therapies, such as radiotherapy, in human solid tumors. Akt/PKB (Protein Kinase B) members are the major kinases that act downstream of PI3K, and these are involved in a variety of cellular functions, including growth, proliferation, glucose metabolism, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and survival. Accumulating evidence indicates that activated Akt is one of the major predictive markers for solid tumor responsiveness to chemo/radiotherapy. DNA double-strand breaks (DNA-DSB), are the prime cause of cell death induced by ionizing radiation. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that constitutive activation of Akt and stress-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway accelerate the repair of DNA-DSB and, consequently, lead to therapy resistance. Analyzing dysregulations of Akt, such as point mutations, gene amplification or overexpression, which results in the constitutive activation of Akt, might be of special importance in the context of radiotherapy outcomes. Such studies, as well as studies of the mechanism(s) by which activated Akt1 regulates repair of DNA-DSB, might help to identify combinations using the appropriate molecular targeting strategies with conventional radiotherapy to overcome radioresistance in solid tumors. In this review, we discuss the dysregulation of the components of upstream regulators of Akt as well as specific modifications of Akt isoforms that enhance Akt activity. Likewise, the mechanisms by which Akt interferes with repair of DNA after exposure to ionizing radiation, will be reviewed. Finally, the current status of Akt targeting in combination with radiotherapy will be discussed.
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Deutsch E, Le Péchoux C, Faivre L, Rivera S, Tao Y, Pignon JP, Angokai M, Bahleda R, Deandreis D, Angevin E, Hennequin C, Besse B, Levy A, Soria JC. Phase I trial of everolimus in combination with thoracic radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1223-1229. [PMID: 25701455 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase I study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the oral mTOR inhibitor everolimus in combination with thoracic radiotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy in locally advanced or oligometastatic untreated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Everolimus dose was escalated in incremental steps [sequential cohorts of three patients until the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT)] and administered orally weekly (weekly group: dose of 10, 20 or 50 mg) or daily (daily group: 2.5, 5 or 10 mg), 1 week before, and during radiotherapy until 3.5 weeks after the end of radiotherapy. Two cycles of chemotherapy (cisplatin-navelbine) were administrated 4.5 weeks after the end of radiotherapy. RESULTS Twenty-six patients were included in two centers, 56% had adenocarcinoma and 84% had stage III disease. In the weekly group (12 assessable patients), everolimus could be administered safely up to the maximum planned weekly dose of 50 mg; however, one patient experienced a DLT of interstitial pneumonitis at the weekly dose level of 20 mg. In the daily group (9 assessable patients): one DLT of interstitial pneumonitis with a fatal outcome was observed at the daily dose level of 2.5 mg; two other DLTs (one grade 3 esophagitis and one bilateral interstitial pneumonitis) were found at the daily dose level of 5 mg. Overall there were five patients with G3-4 interstitial pneumonitis related to treatment. Among 22 assessable patients for response, there were 9 (41%) partial response and 7 (32%) stable disease. At a median follow-up of 29 months, the 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival actuarial rates were 31% and 12%, respectively. CONCLUSION In previously untreated and unselected NSCLC patients, the recommended phase II dose of everolimus in combination with thoracic radiotherapy is 50 mg/week. Pulmonary toxicity is of concern and should be carefully monitored to establish the potential role of mTOR inhibitor with concomitant radiotherapy. EUDRACT N 2007-001698-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif; Paris-Sud University, Kremlin-Bicêtre Medical University, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATES, LABEX LERMIT; INSERM 1030 Molecular Radiotherapy, Cancer research institute, Villejuif.
| | - C Le Péchoux
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Institut d'Oncologie Thoracique (IOT)
| | | | - S Rivera
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif
| | - Y Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif
| | | | | | - R Bahleda
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif
| | | | - E Angevin
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif
| | - C Hennequin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris
| | - B Besse
- Institut d'Oncologie Thoracique (IOT); Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - A Levy
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif; INSERM 1030 Molecular Radiotherapy, Cancer research institute, Villejuif; Institut d'Oncologie Thoracique (IOT)
| | - J-C Soria
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif; Paris-Sud University, Kremlin-Bicêtre Medical University, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATES, LABEX LERMIT; Institut d'Oncologie Thoracique (IOT)
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31
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Leszczynska KB, Foskolou IP, Abraham AG, Anbalagan S, Tellier C, Haider S, Span PN, O’Neill EE, Buffa FM, Hammond EM. Hypoxia-induced p53 modulates both apoptosis and radiosensitivity via AKT. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2385-98. [PMID: 25961455 PMCID: PMC4497762 DOI: 10.1172/jci80402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of hypoxia-induced apoptosis in tumors harboring p53 mutations has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy; however, the transcriptional targets that mediate hypoxia-induced p53-dependent apoptosis remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that hypoxia-induced p53-dependent apoptosis is reliant on the DNA-binding and transactivation domains of p53 but not on the acetylation sites K120 and K164, which, in contrast, are essential for DNA damage-induced, p53-dependent apoptosis. Evaluation of hypoxia-induced transcripts in multiple cell lines identified a group of genes that are hypoxia-inducible proapoptotic targets of p53, including inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase (INPP5D), pleckstrin domain-containing A3 (PHLDA3), sulfatase 2 (SULF2), B cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2), and KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 3 (KANK3). These targets were also regulated by p53 in human cancers, including breast, brain, colorectal, kidney, bladder, and melanoma cancers. Downregulation of these hypoxia-inducible targets associated with poor prognosis, suggesting that hypoxia-induced apoptosis contributes to p53-mediated tumor suppression and treatment response. Induction of p53 targets, PHLDA3, and a specific INPP5D transcript mediated apoptosis in response to hypoxia through AKT inhibition. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of AKT led to apoptosis in the hypoxic regions of p53-deficient tumors and consequently increased radiosensitivity. Together, these results identify mediators of hypoxia-induced p53-dependent apoptosis and suggest AKT inhibition may improve radiotherapy response in p53-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B. Leszczynska
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iosifina P. Foskolou
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aswin G. Abraham
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Selvakumar Anbalagan
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Céline Tellier
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Haider
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Span
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology 874, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eric E. O’Neill
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M. Buffa
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Wolfe AR, Atkinson RL, Reddy JP, Debeb BG, Larson R, Li L, Masuda H, Brewer T, Atkinson BJ, Brewster A, Ueno NT, Woodward WA. High-density and very-low-density lipoprotein have opposing roles in regulating tumor-initiating cells and sensitivity to radiation in inflammatory breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 91:1072-80. [PMID: 25832697 PMCID: PMC4801170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously demonstrated that cholesterol-lowering agents regulate radiation sensitivity of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cell lines in vitro and are associated with less radiation resistance among IBC patients who undergo postmastectomy radiation. We hypothesized that decreasing IBC cellular cholesterol induced by treatment with lipoproteins would increase radiation sensitivity. Here, we examined the impact of specific transporters of cholesterol (ie lipoproteins) on the responses of IBC cells to self-renewal and to radiation in vitro and on clinical outcomes in IBC patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS Two patient-derived IBC cell lines, SUM 149 and KPL4, were incubated with low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), or high-density lipoproteins (HDL) for 24 hours prior to irradiation (0-6 Gy) and mammosphere formation assay. Cholesterol panels were examined in a cohort of patients with primary IBC diagnosed between 1995 and 2011 at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Lipoprotein levels were then correlated to patient outcome, using the log rank statistical model, and examined in multivariate analysis using Cox regression. RESULTS VLDL increased and HDL decreased mammosphere formation compared to untreated SUM 149 and KPL4 cells. Survival curves showed enhancement of survival in both of the IBC cell lines when pretreated with VLDL and, conversely, radiation sensitization in all cell lines when pretreated with HDL. In IBC patients, higher VLDL values (>30 mg/dL) predicted a lower 5-year overall survival rate than normal values (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.9 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-3.45], P=.035). Lower-than-normal patient HDL values (<60 mg/dL) predicted a lower 5-year overall survival rate than values higher than 60 mg/dL (HR = 3.21 [95% CI: 1.25-8.27], P=.015). CONCLUSIONS This study discovered a relationship among the plasma levels of lipoproteins, overall patient response, and radiation resistance in IBC patients and IBC patient-derived cell lines. A more expansive study is needed to verify these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wolfe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel L Atkinson
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jay P Reddy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bisrat G Debeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard Larson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hiroko Masuda
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Takae Brewer
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley J Atkinson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Services, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Abeena Brewster
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wendy A Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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A high content clonogenic survival drug screen identifies mek inhibitors as potent radiation sensitizers for KRAS mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 9:965-973. [PMID: 24922006 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional clonogenic survival and high throughput colorimetric assays are inadequate as drug screens to identify novel radiation sensitizers. We developed a method that we call the high content clonogenic survival assay (HCSA) that will allow screening of drug libraries to identify candidate radiation sensitizers. METHODS Drug screen using HCSA was done in 96 well plates. After drug treatment, irradiation, and incubation, colonies were stained with crystal violet and imaged on the INCell 6000 (GE Health). Colonies achieving 50 or more cells were enumerated using the INCell Developer image analysis software. A proof-of-principle screen was done on the KRAS mutant lung cancer cell line H460 and a Custom Clinical Collection (146 compounds). RESULTS Multiple drugs of the same class were found to be radiation sensitizers and levels of potency seemed to reflect the clinical relevance of these drugs. For instance, several PARP inhibitors were identified as good radiation sensitizers in the HCSA screen. However, there were also a few PARP inhibitors not found to be sensitizing that have either not made it into clinical development, or in the case of BSI-201, was proven to not even be a PARP inhibitor. We discovered that inhibitors of pathways downstream of activated mutant KRAS (PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and MEK1/2) sensitized H460 cells to radiation. Furthermore, the potent MEK1/2 inhibitor tramenitib selectively enhanced radiation effects in KRAS mutant but not wild-type lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Drug screening for novel radiation sensitizers is feasible using the HCSA approach. This is an enabling technology that will help accelerate the discovery of novel radiosensitizers for clinical testing.
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Liu T, Sun Q, Li Q, Yang H, Zhang Y, Wang R, Lin X, Xiao D, Yuan Y, Chen L, Wang W. Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, GSK2126458 and PKI-587, suppress tumor progression and increase radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:429-39. [PMID: 25504751 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although combined chemoradiotherapy has provided considerable improvements for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), recurrence and metastasis are still frequent. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays a critical role in tumor formation and tumor cell survival after radiation-induced DNA damage. In the present study, we evaluated whether inhibition of PI3K/mTOR by two novel dual inhibitors, GSK2126458 and PKI-587, could suppress tumor progression and sensitize NPC cells to radiation. Four NPC cell lines (CNE-1, CNE-2, 5-8F, and 6-10B) were used to analyze the effects of GSK216458 and PKI-587 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, clonogenic survival, amount of residual γ-H2AX foci, cell cycle, and apoptosis after radiation. A 5-8F xenograft model was used to evaluate the in vivo effects of the two compounds in combination with ionizing radiation (IR). Both GSK216458 and PKI-587 effectively inhibited cell proliferation and motility in NPC cells and suppressed phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, S6, and 4EBP1 proteins in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, both compounds sensitized NPC cells to IR by increasing DNA damage, enhancing G2-M cell-cycle delay, and inducing apoptosis. In vivo, the combination of IR with GSK2126458 or PKI-587 significantly inhibited tumor growth. Antitumor effect was correlated with induction of apoptosis and suppression of the phosphorylation of mTOR, Akt, and 4EBP1. These new findings suggest the usefulness of PI3K/mTOR dual inhibition for antitumor and radiosensitizing. The combination of IR with a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, GSK2126458 or PKI-587, might be a promising therapeutic strategy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanquan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Hamilton G, Abraham AG, Morton J, Sampson O, Pefani DE, Khoronenkova S, Grawenda A, Papaspyropoulos A, Jamieson N, McKay C, Sansom O, Dianov GL, O'Neill E. AKT regulates NPM dependent ARF localization and p53mut stability in tumors. Oncotarget 2014; 5:6142-67. [PMID: 25071014 PMCID: PMC4171619 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM) is known to regulate ARF subcellular localization and MDM2 activity in response to oncogenic stress, though the precise mechanism has remained elusive. Here we describe how NPM and ARF associate in the nucleoplasm to form a MDM2 inhibitory complex. We find that oligomerization of NPM drives nucleolar accumulation of ARF. Moreover, the formation of NPM and ARF oligomers antagonizes MDM2 association with the inhibitory complex, leading to activation of MDM2 E3-ligase activity and targeting of p53. We find that AKT phosphorylation of NPM-Ser48 prevents oligomerization that results in nucleoplasmic localization of ARF, constitutive MDM2 inhibition and stabilization of p53. We also show that ARF promotes p53 mutant stability in tumors and suppresses p73 mediated p21 expression and senescence. We demonstrate that AKT and PI3K inhibitors may be effective in treatment of therapeutically resistant tumors with elevated AKT and carrying gain of function mutations in p53. Our results show that the clinical candidate AKT inhibitor MK-2206 promotes ARF nucleolar localization, reduced p53(mut) stability and increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation in a xenograft model of pancreatic cancer. Analysis of human tumors indicates that phospho-S48-NPM may be a useful biomarker for monitoring AKT activity and in vivo efficacy of AKT inhibitor treatment. Critically, we propose that combination therapy involving PI3K-AKT inhibitors would benefit from a patient stratification rationale based on ARF and p53(mut) status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth Hamilton
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, UK; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Aswin G Abraham
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, UK; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jennifer Morton
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Oliver Sampson
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, UK
| | - Dafni E Pefani
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, UK
| | - Svetlana Khoronenkova
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, UK
| | - Anna Grawenda
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, UK
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, UK
| | - Nigel Jamieson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit and University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade. Glasgow
| | - Colin McKay
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit and University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade. Glasgow
| | - Owen Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Grigory L Dianov
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, UK
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, UK
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Castel P, Toska E, Zumsteg ZS, Carmona FJ, Elkabets M, Bosch A, Scaltriti M. Rationale-based therapeutic combinations with PI3K inhibitors in cancer treatment. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e963447. [PMID: 27308344 PMCID: PMC4904898 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.963447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling is important for cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. Hyperactivation of this pathway is one of the most common signaling abnormalities observed in cancer and a substantial effort has recently been made to develop molecules targeting this signaling cascade. However, it is becoming evident that PI3K inhibitors used as single agents do not elicit dramatic or durable responses. Given the numerous mechanisms mediating intrinsic and acquired resistance to these agents, hypothesis-based combinatorial strategies are probably needed to fully exploit their antitumor activity. In the first part of this review, we briefly dissect the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis and list the most advanced compounds targeting different nodes of this cascade. The second part focuses on what we believe to be the most promising rationale-based therapeutic combinations with PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in solid tumors, with special emphasis on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Castel
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY USA
| | - Eneda Toska
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY USA
| | - Zachary S Zumsteg
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY USA
| | - F Javier Carmona
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY USA
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY USA
| | - Ana Bosch
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY USA
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP); Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY USA
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Houédé N, Pourquier P. Targeting the genetic alterations of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway: its potential use in the treatment of bladder cancers. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 145:1-18. [PMID: 24929024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is the most frequent tumor of the urinary tract and represents the fifth cause of death by cancer worldwide. The current first line chemotherapy is a combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine with median survival not exceeding 15months. Vinflunine is the only drug approved by EMEA as second-line treatment and few progresses have been made for the past 20years to increase the survival of metastatic patients, especially those who are not eligible for cisplatin-based regimen. The recent studies characterizing the genetic background of urothelial cancers of the bladder, revealed chromosomal alterations that are not seen at the same level in other types of cancers. This is especially the case for mutations of genes involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway that occupies a major place in the etiology of these tumors. Here, we describe the mutations leading to constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and discuss the potential use of the different classes of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of urothelial bladder cancers. Despite the recent pivotal study evidencing specific mutations of TSC1 in bladder cancer patients responding to everolimus and the encouraging results obtained with other derivatives than rapalogs, few clinical trials are ongoing in bladder cancers. Because of the genetic complexity of these tumors, the cross-talks of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with other pathways, and the small number of eligible patients, it will be of utmost importance to carefully choose the drugs or drug combinations to be further tested in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Houédé
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, France; INSERM U896, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier & Université de Montpellier 1, France.
| | - Philippe Pourquier
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, France; INSERM U896, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier & Université de Montpellier 1, France
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Sanjiv K, Chen CW, Kakadiya R, Tala S, Suman S, Wu MH, Chen YH, Su TL, Lee TC. PI3K Inhibition Augments the Therapeutic Efficacy of a 3a-aza-Cyclopenta[α]indene Derivative in Lung Cancer Cells. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:256-266.e5. [PMID: 24913674 PMCID: PMC4101349 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergistic targeting of DNA damage and DNA repair is a promising strategy for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents for human lung cancer. The DNA interstrand cross-linking agent BO-1509, a derivative of 3a-aza-cyclopenta[α]indene, was synthesized and combined with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 to treat human lung cancer cells. Our results showed that the BO-1509 and LY294002 combination synergistically killed lung cancer cells in culture and also suppressed the growth of lung cancer xenografts in mice, including those derived from gefitinib-resistant cells. We also found that LY294002 suppressed the induction of several DNA repair proteins by BO-1509 and inhibited the nuclear translocation of Rad51. On the basis of the results of the γH2AX foci formation assays, LY294002 apparently inhibited the repair of DNA damage that was induced by BO-1509. According to the complete blood profile, biochemical enzyme analysis, and histopathologic analysis of major organs, no apparent toxicity was observed in mice treated with BO-1509 alone or in combination with LY294002. Our results suggest that the combination of a DNA cross-linking agent with a PI3K inhibitor is a feasible strategy for the treatment of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sanjiv
- Molecular Medicine Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rajesh Kakadiya
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Satishkumar Tala
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sharda Suman
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsann-Long Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Te-Chang Lee
- Molecular Medicine Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Liu T, Li Q, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wang R, Chen L, Wang W. MET inhibitor PHA-665752 suppresses the hepatocyte growth factor-induced cell proliferation and radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:49-54. [PMID: 24802404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although ionizing radiation (IR) has provided considerable improvements in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), in subsets of patients, radioresistance is still a major problem in the treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that irradiation induced MET overexpression and activation, and the aberrant MET signal mediated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induced radioresistance. We also found that MET inhibitor PHA-665752 effectively suppressed HGF induced cell proliferation and radioresistance in NPC cells. Further investigation indicated that PHA-665752 suppressed the phosphorylation of the Akt, ERK1/2, and STAT3 proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Our data indicated that the combination of IR with a MET inhibitor, such as PHA-665752, might be a promising therapeutic strategy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Quanquan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Kuger S, Cörek E, Polat B, Kämmerer U, Flentje M, Djuzenova CS. Novel PI3K and mTOR Inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 Radiosensitizes Breast Cancer Cell Lines under Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2014; 8:39-49. [PMID: 24678241 PMCID: PMC3964191 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we assessed, if the novel dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 radiosensitizes triple negative (TN) MDA-MB-231 and estrogen receptor (ER) positive MCF-7 cells to ionizing radiation under various oxygen conditions, simulating different microenvironments as occurring in the majority of breast cancers (BCs). Irradiation (IR) of BC cells cultivated in hypoxic conditions revealed increased radioresistance compared to normoxic controls. Treatment with NVP-BEZ235 completely circumvented this hypoxia-induced effects and radiosensitized normoxic, reoxygenated, and hypoxic cells to similar extents. Furthermore, NVP-BEZ235 treatment suppressed HIF-1α expression and PI3K/mTOR signaling, induced autophagy, and caused protracted DNA damage repair in both cell lines in all tested oxygen conditions. Moreover, after incubation with NVP-BEZ235, MCF-7 cells revealed depletion of phospho-AKT and considerable signs of apoptosis, which were significantly enhanced by radiation. Our findings clearly demonstrate that NVP-BEZ235 has a clinical relevant potential as a radiosensitizer in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kuger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emre Cörek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kämmerer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cholpon S. Djuzenova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Li HY, Zhang Y, Cai JH, Bian HL. MicroRNA-451 inhibits growth of human colorectal carcinoma cells via downregulation of Pi3k/Akt pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3631-4. [PMID: 23886157 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) play important roles in coordinating a variety of cellular processes and abnormal expression has been linked to the occurrence of several cancers. The miRNA miR-451 is downregulated in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells, suggested by several research groups including our own. In this study, synthetic miR-451 mimics were transfected into the SW620 human CRC cell line using Lipofectamine 2000 and expression of miR-451 was analyzed by real time PCR, while expression of CAB39, LKB1, AMPK, AKT, PI3K and Bcl2 was analyzed by Western blot, and cell growth was detected by MTT assay. In comparison to the controls, a significant increase in the expression of miR-451 was associated with significantly decreased expression of CAB39, LKB1, AMPK, AKT, PI3K and Bcl2. The capacity of cell proliferation was significantly decreased by miR-451 expression, which also inhibited cell growth. Our study confirmed that miR-451 has a repressive role in CRC cells by inhibiting cell growth through down-regulating the P13K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, the Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wachsberger PR, Lawrence YR, Liu Y, Rice B, Feo N, Leiby B, Dicker AP. Hsp90 inhibition enhances PI-3 kinase inhibition and radiosensitivity in glioblastoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:573-82. [PMID: 24500492 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combined targeting with a PI3-kinase inhibitor, BKM120, and an Hsp90 inhibitor, HSP990, was investigated as a multi-targeted approach to potentiate cell death in glioblastoma (GBM). Additionally, the effect of dual drug treatment combined with cytotoxic stress (radiation therapy) was examined. METHODS Four human GBM cell lines containing wild-type or mutated PTEN and/or p53 were studied. The effects of drug treatments on cell viability, apoptosis induction, pAKt activity, cell cycle arrest, clonogenicity, and tumor growth delay were studied. RESULTS Combined concurrent treatment with both drugs produced more cell killing in cell viability and apoptosis assays than either drug alone. BKM120 plus HSP990 induced suppression of baseline Akt signaling as well as radiation (RT)-induced pAkt signaling in all cell lines. Cell cycle analysis revealed that HSP990 and BKM120, singly or combined, induced G2/M arrest leading to apoptosis/necrosis and polyploidy. Additionally, the drugs radiosensitized GBM cells in clonogenic assays. In vivo tumor growth delay studies demonstrated the effectiveness of combined drug treatment with HSP990 and BKM120 over single drug treatment, as well as the effectiveness of combined drug treatment in enhancing the effectiveness of radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, HSP990 and BKM120, with and without RT, are active agents against glioma tumors. The sensitivity to these agents does not appear to depend on PTEN/p53status in the cell lines tested. We suggest that the combined action of both drugs is a viable multi-targeted strategy with the potential to improve clinical outcome for patients with high-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis R Wachsberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Room 341, 1020 Locust St., Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA,
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Kitano H, Chung JY, Ylaya K, Conway C, Takikita M, Fukuoka J, Doki Y, Hanaoka J, Hewitt SM. Profiling of phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, phospho-MAPK and EGFR in non-small cell lung cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:335-46. [PMID: 24487999 PMCID: PMC4005365 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414523022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of numerous pathways has been documented in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as a common therapeutic target. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT signaling pathways are downstream of EGFR and deregulated via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in many human cancers. We evaluated selected markers in the EGFR pathway with reference to outcome. Tissues from 220 cases of NSCLC patients presented in a tissue microarray were assayed with immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated AKT, phosphorylated MAPK, phosphorylated mTOR, and EGFR and then quantified by automated image analysis. Individually, the biomarkers did not predict. Combined as ratios, p-mTOR/p-AKT, and p-MAPK/EGFR function as prognostic markers of survival (p=0.008 and p=0.029, respectively), however, no significance was found after adjustment (p=0.221, p=0.103). The sum of these ratios demonstrates a stronger correlation with survival (p<0.001) and remained statistically significant after adjustment (p=0.026). The algebraic combination of biomarkers offer the capacity to understand factors that predict outcome better than current approaches of evaluating biomarkers individually or in pairs. Our results show the sum of p-mTOR/p-AKT and p-MAPK/EGFR is a potential predictive marker of survival in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhisa Kitano
- Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (HK, JYC, KY, CC, SMH)
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Hirota Y, Masunaga SI, Kondo N, Kawabata S, Hirakawa H, Yajima H, Fujimori A, Ono K, Kuroiwa T, Miyatake SI. High linear-energy-transfer radiation can overcome radioresistance of glioma stem-like cells to low linear-energy-transfer radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:75-83. [PMID: 23955054 PMCID: PMC3885128 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is applied as the standard treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, radiotherapy remains merely palliative, not curative, because of the existence of glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are regarded as highly radioresistant to low linear-energy-transfer (LET) photons. Here we analyzed whether or not high-LET particles can overcome the radioresistance of GSCs. Glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs) were induced from the GBM cell line A172 in stem cell culture medium. The phenotypes of GSLCs and wild-type cells were confirmed using stem cell markers. These cells were irradiated with (60)Co gamma rays or reactor neutron beams. Under neutron-beam irradiation, high-LET proton particles can be produced through elastic scattering or nitrogen capture reaction. Radiosensitivity was assessed by a colony-forming assay, and the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were assessed by a histone gamma-H2AX focus detection assay. In stem cell culture medium, GSLCs could form neurosphere-like cells and express neural stem cell markers (Sox2 and Musashi) abundantly in comparison with their parental cells. GSLCs were significantly more radioresistant to gamma rays than their parental cells, but neutron beams overcame this resistance. There were significantly fewer gamma-H2AX foci in the A172 GSLCs 24 h after irradiation with gamma rays than in their parental cultured cells, while there was no apparent difference following neutron-beam irradiation. High-LET radiation can overcome the radioresistance of GSLCs by producing unrepairable DNA DSBs. High-LET radiation therapy might have the potential to overcome GBM's resistance to X-rays in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2–7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Masunaga
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kondo
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2–7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirakawa
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Team, National Institute of Radiological Science, Heavy-ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Yajima
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Team, National Institute of Radiological Science, Heavy-ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Team, National Institute of Radiological Science, Heavy-ion Radiobiology Research Group, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Ono
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kuroiwa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2–7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyatake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2–7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Carminati PO, Donaires FS, Marques MM, Donadi EA, Passos GAS, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Cisplatin associated with LY294002 increases cytotoxicity and induces changes in transcript profiles of glioblastoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:165-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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MiR-21 mediates the radiation resistance of glioblastoma cells by regulating PDCD4 and hMSH2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:525-529. [PMID: 23904372 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which miR-21 and its target genes mediate radiation resistance of glioblastoma cells. Real-time PCR was employed to detect miR-21 expression in normal brain tissues, glioblastoma tissues and glioblastoma cell lines (A172, T98G and U87MG). T98G cells were transfected with anti-miR-21 oligonucleotides, or plasmids containing PDCD4 or hMSH2 (PDCD4-pcDNA3 and hMSH2-pcDNA3). The survival curve was obtained to investigate the sensitivity of T98G cells to radiation. Cell apoptosis was measured by using the Caspase-3/7 kit and cell cycle by flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of hMSH2 and PDCD4 in miR-21-inhibiting T98G cells. The results showed that miR-21 expression in glioblastoma cells and tissues was conversely associated with the radiation sensitivity. Over-expression of miR-21 resulted in radiation resistance, while knockdown of miR-21 led to higher sensitivity of glioblastma cells to radiation. After miR-21 knockdown, the apoptosis of T98G cells was significantly increased and the G(2) phase arrest was more significant. In addition, miR-21 knockdown increased the expression of endogenous PDCD4 and hMSH2, which contributed to the apoptosis and G(2) arrest of T98G cells. The findings suggested that miR-21 may mediate the resistance of glioblastoma cells against radiation via its target genes PDCD4 and hMSH2. MiR-21 and its target genes may be used as potential molecular targets for clinical radiotherapy sensitization in the future.
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Zhu W, Fu W, Hu L. NVP-BEZ235, dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, prominently enhances radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:665-73. [PMID: 23768063 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway may account for development of radioadaptation and is not rare in prostate cancer. Neither PI3K nor mTOR blockade could completely inhibit the pathway owing to paradoxical feedback, so we anticipate dual PI3K/mTOR blockade by NVP-BEZ235 to radiosensitize prostate cancer cells. METHODS We investigated into the radiosensitizing effect of NVP-BEZ235 on PC-3 cells, which are devoid of androgen receptors. Clonogenic survival and MTT assays were performed, and to pursue underlying cellular changes flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis as well as western blot were carried out. RESULTS Exposure to NVP-BEZ235 and irradiation caused a greater degree of survival inhibition than ionizing radiation (IR) or BEZ235 alone. Dual PI3K/mTOR blockade along with IR induced a G2/M arrest and enhanced proapoptotic effect. NVP-BEZ235 radiosensitized PC-3 cells through counteracting constitutive as well as IR-triggered activation of Akt/mTOR signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 prominently improved the radiosensitivity of PC-3 cells. It sensitized tumor cells to irradiation via interruption of cell cycle progression and augmentation of cell apoptosis, which was due to its constraint on constitutive and IR-elicited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhu
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan, China
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Homologous recombination mediates cellular resistance and fraction size sensitivity to radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:155-61. [PMID: 23746696 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cellular sensitivity to radiotherapy total dose and fraction size is strongly influenced by DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. Here, we investigate response to radiotherapy fraction size using CHO cell lines deficient in specific DNA repair pathways in response to radiation induced DNA double strand breaks (DSB). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We irradiated CHO cell lines, AA8 (WT), irs1SF (XRCC3-), V3-3 (DNA-PKcs-) and EM9 (XRCC1-) with 16 Gy in 1 Gy daily fractions over 3 weeks or 16 Gy in 4 Gy daily fractions over 4 days, and studied clonogenic survival, DNA DSB repair kinetics (RAD51 and 53BP1 foci staining) and cell cycle profiles (flow cytometry). RESULTS In response to fractionated radiotherapy, wild-type and DNA repair defective cells accumulated in late S/G2 phase. In cells proficient in homologous recombination (HR), accumulation in S/G2 resulted in reduced sensitivity to fraction size and increased cellular resistance (clonogenic survival). Sensitivity to fraction size was also lost in NHEJ-defective V3-3 cells, which likely rely on functional HR. By contrast, HR-defective irs1SF cells, with functional NHEJ, remained equally sensitive to fractionation throughout the 3-week treatment. CONCLUSIONS The high fidelity of HR, which is independent of induced DNA damage level, is postulated to explain the low fractionation sensitivity and cellular resistance of cells in S/G2 phase. In conclusion, our results suggest that HR mediates resistance to fractionated radiotherapy, an observation that may help future efforts to improve radiotherapy outcome.
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NVP-BEZ235, a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, enhances the radiosensitivity of human glioma stem cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:681-90. [PMID: 23603977 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM NVP-BEZ235 is a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor and shows dramatic effects on gliomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NVP-BEZ235 on the radiosensitivity and autophagy of glioma stem cells (GSCs) in vitro. METHODS Human GSCs (SU-2) were tested. The cell viability and survival from ionizing radiation (IR) were evaluated using MTT and clonogenic survival assay, respectively. Immunofluorescence assays were used to identify the formation of autophagosomes. The apoptotic cells were quantified with annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry, and observed using Hoechst 33258 staining and fluorescence microscope. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression levels of proteins. Cell cycle status was determined by measuring DNA content after staining with PI. DNA repair in the cells was assessed using a comet assay. RESULTS Treatment of SU-2 cells with NVP-BEZ235 (10-320 nmol/L) alone suppressed the cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner. A low concentration of NVP-BEZ235 (10 nmol/L) significantly increased the radiation sensitivity of SU-2 cells, which could be blocked by co-treatment with 3-MA (50 μmol/L). In NVP-BEZ235-treated SU-2 cells, more punctate patterns of microtubule-associated protein LC3 immunoreactivity was observed, and the level of membrane-bound LC3-II was significantly increased. A combination of IR with NVP-BEZ235 significantly increased the apoptosis of SU-2 cells, as shown in the increased levels of BID, Bax, and active caspase-3, and decreased level of Bcl-2. Furthermore, the combination of IR with NVP-BEZ235 led to G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, NVP-BEZ235 significantly attenuated the repair of IR-induced DNA damage as reflected by the tail length of the comet. CONCLUSION NVP-BEZ235 increases the radiosensitivity of GSCs in vitro by activating autophagy that is associated with synergistic increase of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest and decrease of DNA repair capacity.
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Burris HA. Overcoming acquired resistance to anticancer therapy: focus on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 71:829-42. [PMID: 23377372 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-2043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most targeted anticancer therapies, as well as cytotoxic and radiation therapies, are encumbered by the development of secondary resistance by cancer cells. Resistance is a complex phenomenon involving multiple mechanisms, including activation of signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Novel strategies to overcome resistance by targeting these signaling pathways are being evaluated. METHODS PubMed and key cancer congress abstracts were searched until July 2012 for preclinical and clinical data relating to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and anticancer treatment resistance, and use of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in resistant cancer cell lines and patient populations. RESULTS Activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies, including biologics, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, radiation, and cytotoxics. As such, inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are being rapidly evaluated in preclinical models and in clinical studies to determine whether they can restore therapeutic sensitivity when given in combination. In breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and glioblastoma, we find compelling preclinical evidence to show that inhibitors of PI3K or mTOR can restore sensitivity in resistant cells. Although clinical evidence is less mature, a recent Phase III study with the mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus in patients with advanced breast cancer resistant to aromatase inhibition and several Phase I/II studies with PI3K inhibitors demonstrate proof-of-concept, warranting future clinical evaluation. CONCLUSION Current preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could have utility in combination with other anticancer therapies to circumvent resistance by cancer cells. Multiple clinical studies are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard A Burris
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 3322 West End Avenue, Suite 900, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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