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Cuinat S, Bézieau S, Deb W, Mercier S, Vignard V, Isidor B, Küry S, Ebstein F. Understanding neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies as new rare disease entities: A review of current concepts, molecular biomarkers, and perspectives. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101130. [PMID: 39220754 PMCID: PMC11364055 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent advances in high throughput sequencing technology have drastically changed the practice of medical diagnosis, allowing for rapid identification of hundreds of genes causing human diseases. This unprecedented progress has made clear that most forms of intellectual disability that affect more than 3% of individuals worldwide are monogenic diseases. Strikingly, a substantial fraction of the mendelian forms of intellectual disability is associated with genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, a highly conserved pathway made up of approximately 1200 genes involved in the regulation of protein homeostasis. Within this group is currently emerging a new class of neurodevelopmental disorders specifically caused by proteasome pathogenic variants which we propose to designate "neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies". Besides cognitive impairment, these diseases are typically associated with a series of syndromic clinical manifestations, among which facial dysmorphism, motor delay, and failure to thrive are the most prominent ones. While recent efforts have been made to uncover the effects exerted by proteasome variants on cell and tissue landscapes, the molecular pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies remains ill-defined. In this review, we discuss the cellular changes typically induced by genomic alterations in proteasome genes and explore their relevance as biomarkers for the diagnosis, management, and potential treatment of these new rare disease entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestre Cuinat
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Wallid Deb
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Sandra Mercier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Virginie Vignard
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes F-44000, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
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Vu T, Wang Y, Fowler A, Simieou A, McCarty N. TRIM44, a Novel Prognostic Marker, Supports the Survival of Proteasome-Resistant Multiple Myeloma Cells. Cells 2024; 13:1431. [PMID: 39273003 PMCID: PMC11394402 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
TRIM44, a tripartite motif (TRIM) family member, is pivotal in linking the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to autophagy in multiple myeloma (MM). However, its prognostic impact and therapeutic potential remain underexplored. Here, we report that TRIM44 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in a Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) cohort of 858 patients, persisting across primary and recurrent MM cases. TRIM44 expression notably increases in advanced MM stages, indicating its potential role in disease progression. Single-cell RNA sequencing across MM stages showed significant TRIM44 upregulation in smoldering MM (SMM) and MM compared to normal bone marrow, especially in patients with t(4;14) cytogenetic abnormalities. This analysis further identified high TRIM44 expression as predictive of lower responsiveness to proteasome inhibitor (PI) treatments, underscoring its critical function in the unfolded protein response (UPR) in TRIM44-high MM cells. Our findings also demonstrate that TRIM44 facilitates SQSTM1 oligomerization under oxidative stress, essential for its phosphorylation and subsequent autophagic degradation. This process supports the survival of PI-resistant MM cells by activating the NRF2 pathway, which is crucial for oxidative stress response and, potentially, other chemotherapy-induced stressors. Additionally, TRIM44 counters the TRIM21-mediated suppression of the antioxidant response, enhancing MM cell survival under oxidative stress. Collectively, our discoveries highlight TRIM44's significant role in MM progression and resistance to therapy, suggesting its potential value as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Vu
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Annaliese Fowler
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anton Simieou
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nami McCarty
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77021, USA
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Feng Y, Luo H, Huang J, Zhang Y, Wen J, Li L, Mi Z, Gao Q, He S, Liu X, Zhai X, Wang X, Zhang L, Niu T, Zheng Y. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) is a novel molecular target of bortezomib. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:588. [PMID: 39138149 PMCID: PMC11322525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs), such as bortezomib and calfizomib, were backbone agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we investigated bortezomib interactors in MM cells and identified dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) as a molecular target of bortezomib. DLD catalyzes the oxidation of dihydrolipoamide to form lipoamide, a reaction that also generates NADH. Our data showed that bortezomib bound to DLD and inhibited DLD's enzymatic function in MM cells. DLD knocked down MM cells (DLD-KD) had decreased levels of NADH. Reduced NADH suppressed assembly of proteasome complex in cells. As a result, DLD-KD MM cells had decreased basal-level proteasome activity and were more sensitive to bortezomib. Since PIs were used in many anti-MM regimens in clinics, we found that high expression of DLD correlated with inferior prognosis of MM. Considering the regulatory role of DLD in proteasome assembly, we evaluated DLD targeting therapy in MM cells. DLD inhibitor CPI-613 showed a synergistic anti-MM effect with bortezomib in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our findings elucidated DLD as an alternative molecular target of bortezomib in MM. DLD-targeting might increase MM sensitivity to PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Wen
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyue Mi
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianwen Gao
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyao He
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Alhasan BA, Morozov AV, Guzhova IV, Margulis BA. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in the regulation of tumor dormancy and recurrence. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189119. [PMID: 38761982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence is a mechanism triggered in sparse populations of cancer cells that usually remain in a quiescent state after strict stress and/or therapeutic factors, which is affected by a variety of autocrine and microenvironmental cues. Despite thorough investigations, the biology of dormant and/or cancer stem cells is still not fully elucidated, as for the mechanisms of their reawakening, while only the major molecular patterns driving the relapse process have been identified to date. These molecular patterns profoundly interfere with the elements of cellular proteostasis systems that support the efficiency of the recurrence process. As a major proteostasis machinery, we review the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in tumor cell dormancy and reawakening, devoting particular attention to the functions of its components, E3 ligases, deubiquitinating enzymes and proteasomes in cancer recurrence. We demonstrate how UPS components functionally or mechanistically interact with the pivotal proteins implicated in the recurrence program and reveal that modulators of the UPS hold promise to become an efficient adjuvant therapy for eradicating refractory tumor cells to impede tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar A Alhasan
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Morozov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina V Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Boris A Margulis
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Wu Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Hong Z, Wang D. Sephin1 enhances integrated stress response and autophagy to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116869. [PMID: 38850665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integrated stress response (ISR) is activated to promote cell survival by maintaining the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). We investigated whether Sephin1 enhances ISR and attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were injected with Sephin1 (2 mg/kg,i.p.) 30 min before surgery to establish a model of MIR with 45 min ischemia and 180 min reperfusion. In vitro, the H9C2 cell line with hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) was used to simulate MIR. Myocardial injury was evaluated by echocardiography, histologic observation after staining with TTC and H&E and electron microscopy. ISR, autophagy and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro were evaluated by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, respectively. Global protein synthesis was determined using a non-radioactive SUnSET Assay based on the puromycin method. Autophinib, an autophagy-specific inhibitor, was used to investigate the correlation between autophagy and apoptosis in the presence of Sephin1. RESULTS In vivo, Sephin1 significantly reduced myocardial injury and improved the cardiac function in MIR mice. Sephin1 administration prolonged ISR, reduced cell apoptosis, and promoted autophagy. In vitro, Sephin1 increased the number of stress granules (SGs) and autophagic vesicles, enhanced ISR and related protein synthesis suppression, and reduced cell apoptosis. Autophinib partly reversed autophagosome formation and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Sephin1 enhances ISR and related protein synthesis suppression, ameliorates myocardial apoptosis, and promotes autophagy during MIR stress. Sephin1 could act as a noval ISR enhancer for managing acute myocardial ischemia disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Huabin Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China; School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Zongyuan Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Deguo Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241001, China.
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Hao EY, Liu XL, Chen XY, Xue H, Su BF, Chen YF, Wang DH, Shi L, Bai K, Hou F, Hou JK, Bao HL, Chen H. Melatonin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress and follicular granulosa cell apoptosis by regulating ATF4 to activate mTOR signaling pathway in chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103656. [PMID: 38583308 PMCID: PMC11004419 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Follicular atresia in chickens reduces the number of follicles that can further develop, leading to decrease egg laying. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can initiate a unique pathway inducing the apoptosis of follicular granulosa cells, thus reducing egg laying. Melatonin (MEL) is involved in the regulation of follicle development, ovulation, and oocyte maturation, and is closely related to follicle fate. Mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays an important role in cell growth regulation, and that there is a possible crosstalk between melatonin and mTOR activity in granular cells maturation and ovulation. This study aimed to investigate whether MEL inhibits ERS and follicular granulosa cell apoptosis by regulating ATF4 to activate mTOR signaling pathway in chickens. Frist, we established an in vitro ERS cell model using tunicamycin (TM). The results showed that different concentrations of TM exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of cell activity and induction of granulosa cells (P<0.01). Therefore, we chose 5 µg/mL of TM and a treatment time for 6 h as the optimal concentration for the following experiments. Then we investigate whether melatonin can inhibit ERS. TM treatment decreased the cell viability and Bcl-2 expression, increasing ROS levels and the mRNA expression of Grp78, ATF4, CHOP, PERK, eIF-2α, and BAX (P<0.01), whereas TM+MEL treatment significantly inhibited these changes (P<0.01). Then we explored whether melatonin protects follicular granulosa cells from ERS-induced apoptosis through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by regulating ATF4, we found that ATF4 knockdown inhibited ERS by decreasing the expression of ERS-related genes and proteins and activating mTOR signaling pathway by increasing the protein expression of p4E-BP1 and pT389-S6K (P<0.001), while these changes were promoted by TM+si-ATF4+MEL treatment (P<0.01). These results indicate that MEL could alleviate TM-induced ERS by regulating ATF4 to activate mTOR signaling pathway in follicular granulosa cells, thus providing a new perspective for prolonging the laying cycle in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Ying Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xue-Lu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- Baoding Livestock Husbandry Workstation, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Han Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Bo-Fei Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - De-He Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Kang Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Fei Hou
- Shunping County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Jian-Ku Hou
- Shunping County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
| | - Hui-Ling Bao
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050000, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China.
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Wu D, Liang J. Activating transcription factor 4: a regulator of stress response in human cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1370012. [PMID: 38601083 PMCID: PMC11004295 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1370012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is an adaptive response regulator of metabolic and oxidative homeostasis. In response to cellular stress, ATF4 is activated and functions as a regulator to promote cell adaptation for survival. As a transcriptional regulator, ATF4 also widely participates in the regulation of amino acid metabolism, autophagy, redox homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, ATF4 is associated with the initiation and progression of glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. This review primarily aims to elucidate the functions of ATF4 and its role in multiple cancer contexts. This review proposes potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Fu HY, Li Y, Cui H, Li JZ, Xu WX, Wang X, Fan RF. miR-15b-5p promotes HgCl 2-induced chicken embryo kidney cells ferroptosis by targeting β-TrCP-mediated ATF4 ubiquitin degradation. Toxicology 2024; 503:153742. [PMID: 38325558 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Mercuric chloride (HgCl2), a widespread environmental pollutant, induces ferroptosis in chicken embryonic kidney (CEK) cells. Whereas activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a critical mediator of oxidative homeostasis, plays a dual role in ferroptosis, but its precise mechanisms in HgCl2-induced ferroptosis remain elusive. This study aims to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of ATF4 in HgCl2-induced ferroptosis. Our results revealed that ATF4 was downregulated during HgCl2-induced ferroptosis in CEK cells. Surprisingly, HgCl2 exposure has no significant impact on ATF4 mRNA level. Further investigation indicated that HgCl2 enhanced the expression of the E3 ligase beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and increased ATF4 ubiquitination. Subsequent findings identified that miR-15b-5p as an upstream modulator of β-TrCP, with miR-15b-5p downregulation observed in HgCl2-exposed CEK cells. Importantly, miR-15b-5p mimics suppressed β-TrCP expression and reversed HgCl2-induced cellular ferroptosis. Mechanistically, HgCl2 inhibited miR-15b-5p, and promoted β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitin degradation of ATF4, thereby inhibited the expression of antioxidant-related target genes and promoted ferroptosis. In conclusion, our study highlighted the crucial role of the miR-15b-5p/β-TrCP/ATF4 axis in HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity, offering a new therapeutic target for understanding the mechanism of HgCl2 nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Han Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Jiu-Zhi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Wan-Xue Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Rui-Feng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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Guo J, Lei Y, Liu L, Wen Z, Zhang B, Fang J, Liang G, Guo Q, Peng J. MHY1485 promotes adriamycin sensitivity in HepG2 cells by inhibiting autophagy. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:22. [PMID: 38306005 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
MHY1485 is an mTOR activator that inhibits the autophagy process by inhibiting the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of MHY1485 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of autophagy regulation in relation to adriamycin (ADM) resistance, as well as the development of a molecularly targeted autophagy-modulating approach. Here, ADM was used to treat HepG2 cells and construct an ADM-resistant cell model. The HepG2/ADM cell line and HepG2 cells were treated with MHY1485 and ADM, respectively, and the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells were detected using CCK8, clone formation, flow cytometry, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining assays. Ki-67, mTOR phosphorylation, and LC3A expression were detected by IF staining; the expression or phosphorylation levels of autophagy-related proteins (i.e., GLUT1, PGI, PFK, END, and MTHFD2) and apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9) were detected by qPCR and western blotting. The number of autophagosomes was determined by monodansylcadaverine staining. Our results showed that MHY1485 can inhibit the proliferation and growth of liver cancer cells, and that MHY1485 combined with ADM can effectively inhibit the tolerance of HepG2/ADM cells to ADM and enhance the efficacy of ADM. The results of the detection of the autophagy-related protein LC3A also indicated that MHY1485 activates mTOR and can affect the phosphorylation level of ULK1, inhibit autophagy, and enhance the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to adriamycin. In summary, MHY1485 can enhance the sensitivity of adriamycin-resistant cells to adriamycin by activating mTOR and blocking the autophagy process in cells; therefore, mTOR may become a potential target for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yingying Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincun Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qikun Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, He Xian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
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10
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He J, Zhou Y, Sun L. Emerging mechanisms of the unfolded protein response in therapeutic resistance: from chemotherapy to Immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:89. [PMID: 38297380 PMCID: PMC10832166 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). As an adaptive cellular response to hostile microenvironments, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress, and chemotherapeutic drugs, the UPR is activated in diverse cancer types and functions as a dynamic tumour promoter in cancer development; this role of the UPR indicates that regulation of the UPR can be utilized as a target for tumour treatment. T-cell exhaustion mainly refers to effector T cells losing their effector functions and expressing inhibitory receptors, leading to tumour immune evasion and the loss of tumour control. Emerging evidence suggests that the UPR plays a crucial role in T-cell exhaustion, immune evasion, and resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the molecular basis of UPR activation, the effect of the UPR on immune evasion, the emerging mechanisms of the UPR in chemotherapy and immunotherapy resistance, and agents that target the UPR for tumour therapeutics. An understanding of the role of the UPR in immune evasion and therapeutic resistance will be helpful to identify new therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Huan, China.
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Molecular Imaging of Central, South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Huan, China.
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Molecular Imaging of Central, South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
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11
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Beilankouhi EAV, Valilo M, Dastmalchi N, Teimourian S, Safaralizadeh R. The Function of Autophagy in the Initiation, and Development of Breast Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2974-2990. [PMID: 37138421 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230503145319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a significant catabolic procedure that increases in stressful conditions. This mechanism is mostly triggered after damage to the organelles, the presence of unnatural proteins, and nutrient recycling in reaction to these stresses. One of the key points in this article is that cleaning and preserving damaged organelles and accumulated molecules through autophagy in normal cells helps prevent cancer. Since dysfunction of autophagy is associated with various diseases, including cancer, it has a dual function in tumor suppression and expansion. It has newly become clear that the regulation of autophagy can be used for the treatment of breast cancer, which has a promising effect of increasing the efficiency of anticancer treatment in a tissue- and cell-type-specific manner by affecting the fundamental molecular mechanisms. Regulation of autophagy and its function in tumorigenesis is a vital part of modern anticancer techniques. This study discusses the current advances related to the mechanisms that describe essential modulators of autophagy involved in the metastasis of cancers and the development of new breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Narges Dastmalchi
- Department of Biology, University College of Nabi Akram, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Teimourian
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Kozalak G, Koşar A. Autophagy-related mechanisms for treatment of multiple myeloma. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:838-857. [PMID: 38239705 PMCID: PMC10792488 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of hematological cancer that occurs when B cells become malignant. Various drugs such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and compounds that cause DNA damage can be used in the treatment of MM. Autophagy, a type 2 cell death mechanism, plays a crucial role in determining the fate of B cells, either promoting their survival or inducing cell death. Therefore, autophagy can either facilitate the progression or hinder the treatment of MM disease. In this review, autophagy mechanisms that may be effective in MM cells were covered and evaluated within the contexts of unfolded protein response (UPR), bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), drug resistance, hypoxia, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, and apoptosis. The genes that are effective in each mechanism and research efforts on this subject were discussed in detail. Signaling pathways targeted by new drugs to benefit from autophagy in MM disease were covered. The efficacy of drugs that regulate autophagy in MM was examined, and clinical trials on this subject were included. Consequently, among the autophagy mechanisms that are effective in MM, the most suitable ones to be used in the treatment were expressed. The importance of 3D models and microfluidic systems for the discovery of new drugs for autophagy and personalized treatment was emphasized. Ultimately, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of MM disease, encompassing autophagy mechanisms, drugs, clinical studies, and further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Kozalak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey
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13
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Sannino S, Manuel AM, Shang C, Wendell SG, Wipf P, Brodsky JL. Non-Essential Amino Acid Availability Influences Proteostasis and Breast Cancer Cell Survival During Proteotoxic Stress. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:675-690. [PMID: 36961392 PMCID: PMC10330057 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) regulates tumor growth and proliferation when cells are exposed to proteotoxic stress, such as during treatment with certain chemotherapeutics. Consequently, cancer cells depend to a greater extent on stress signaling, and require the integrated stress response (ISR), amino acid metabolism, and efficient protein folding and degradation pathways to survive. To define how these interconnected pathways are wired when cancer cells are challenged with proteotoxic stress, we investigated how amino acid abundance influences cell survival when Hsp70, a master proteostasis regulator, is inhibited. We previously demonstrated that cancer cells exposed to a specific Hsp70 inhibitor induce the ISR via the action of two sensors, GCN2 and PERK, in stress-resistant and sensitive cells, respectively. In resistant cells, the induction of GCN2 and autophagy supported resistant cell survival, yet the mechanism by which these events were induced remained unclear. We now report that amino acid availability reconfigures the proteostasis network. Amino acid supplementation, and in particular arginine addition, triggered cancer cell death by blocking autophagy. Consistent with the importance of amino acid availability, which when limited activates GCN2, resistant cancer cells succumbed when challenged with a potentiator for another amino acid sensor, mTORC1, in conjunction with Hsp70 inhibition. IMPLICATIONS These data position amino acid abundance, GCN2, mTORC1, and autophagy as integrated therapeutic targets whose coordinated modulation regulates the survival of proteotoxic-resistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allison M. Manuel
- Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chaowei Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy G. Wendell
- Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Yang J, Xu H, Wu W, Huang H, Zhang C, Tang W, Tang Q, Bi F. Ferroptosis signaling promotes the release of misfolded proteins via exosomes to rescue ER stress in hepatocellular carcinoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 202:110-120. [PMID: 36997100 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the ubiquitin‒proteasome system can induce sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and subsequent cell death. However, malignant cells have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade sustained ERS. Therefore, identification of the mechanisms through which tumor cells develop resistance to ERS is important for the therapeutic exploitation of these cells for drug-resistant tumors. Herein, we found that proteasome inhibitors could induce ERS, activate ferroptosis signaling, and thereby induce the adaptive tolerance of tumor cells to ERS. Mechanistically, the activation of ferroptosis signaling was found to promote the formation and secretion of exosomes containing misfolded and unfolded proteins, which resulted in rescuing ERS and promoting tumor cell survival. The inhibition of ferroptosis signaling synergized with bortezomib, a clinically used proteasome inhibitor, to suppress the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. The present findings reveal that ERS resistance can be driven by an ERS-ferroptosis signaling-exosome pathway and have important clinical implications for intracellular signaling, ER homeostasis and drug-resistant cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China; West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Huanji Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Wanlong Wu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Huixi Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Chenliang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Weiping Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Qinlin Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
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15
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Bashiri H, Tabatabaeian H. Autophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Target to Tackle Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076019. [PMID: 37046991 PMCID: PMC10094562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematologic malignancy. In the past few years, the survival of MM patients has increased due to the emergence of novel drugs and combination therapies. Nevertheless, one of the significant obstacles in treating most MM patients is drug resistance, especially for individuals who have experienced relapses or developed resistance to such cutting-edge treatments. One of the critical processes in developing drug resistance in MM is autophagic activity, an intracellular self-digestive process. Several possible strategies of autophagy involvement in the induction of MM-drug resistance have been demonstrated thus far. In multiple myeloma, it has been shown that High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1)-dependent autophagy can contribute to drug resistance. Moreover, activation of autophagy via proteasome suppression induces drug resistance. Additionally, the effectiveness of clarithromycin as a supplemental drug in treating MM has been reported recently, in which autophagy blockage is proposed as one of the potential action mechanisms of CAM. Thus, a promising therapeutic approach that targets autophagy to trigger the death of MM cells and improve drug susceptibility could be considered. In this review, autophagy has been addressed as a survival strategy crucial for drug resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Bashiri
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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16
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Das E, Sahu KK, Roy I. The functional role of Ire1 in regulating autophagy and proteasomal degradation under prolonged proteotoxic stress. FEBS J 2023. [PMID: 36757110 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of endoribonuclease/kinase Ire1 has shown beneficial effects in many proteotoxicity-induced pathology models. The mechanism by which this occurs has not been elucidated completely. Using a proteotoxic yeast model of Huntington's disease, we show that the deletion of Ire1 led to lower protein aggregation at longer time points. The rate of protein degradation was higher in ΔIre1 cells. We monitored the two major protein degradation mechanisms in the cell. The increase in expression of Rpn4, coding for the transcription factor controlling proteasome biogenesis, was higher in ΔIre1 cells. The chymotrypsin-like proteasomal activity was also significantly enhanced in these cells at later time points of aggregation. The gene and protein expression levels of the autophagy gene Atg8 were higher in ΔIre1 than in wild-type cells. Significant increase in autophagy flux was also seen in ΔIre1 cells at later time points of aggregation. The results suggest that the deletion of Ire1 activates UPR-independent arms of the proteostasis network, especially under conditions of aggravated stress. Thus, the inhibition of Ire1 may regulate UPR-independent cellular stress-response pathways under prolonged stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Kiran Kumari Sahu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
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17
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Bonsignore G, Martinotti S, Ranzato E. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cancer: Could Unfolded Protein Response Be a Druggable Target for Cancer Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021566. [PMID: 36675080 PMCID: PMC9865308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive response which is used for re-establishing protein homeostasis, and it is triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Specific ER proteins mediate UPR activation, after dissociation from chaperone Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78). UPR can decrease ER stress, producing an ER adaptive response, block UPR if ER homeostasis is restored, or regulate apoptosis. Some tumour types are linked to ER protein folding machinery disturbance, highlighting how UPR plays a pivotal role in cancer cells to keep malignancy and drug resistance. In this review, we focus on some molecules that have been revealed to target ER stress demonstrating as UPR could be a new target in cancer treatment.
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18
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Review on Bortezomib Resistance in Multiple Myeloma and Potential Role of Emerging Technologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010111. [PMID: 36678608 PMCID: PMC9864669 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer type. For its treatment, Bortezomib has been widely used. However, drug resistance to this effective chemotherapeutic has been developed for various reasons. 2D cell cultures and animal models have failed to understand the MM disease and Bortezomib resistance. It is therefore essential to utilize new technologies to reveal a complete molecular profile of the disease. In this review, we in-depth examined the possible molecular mechanisms that cause Bortezomib resistance and specifically addressed MM and Bortezomib resistance. Moreover, we also included the use of nanoparticles, 3D culture methods, microfluidics, and organ-on-chip devices in multiple myeloma. We also discussed whether the emerging technology offers the necessary tools to understand and prevent Bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. Despite the ongoing research activities on MM, the related studies cannot provide a complete summary of MM. Nanoparticle and 3D culturing have been frequently used to understand MM disease and Bortezomib resistance. However, the number of microfluidic devices for this application is insufficient. By combining siRNA/miRNA technologies with microfluidic devices, a complete molecular genetic profile of MM disease could be revealed. Microfluidic chips should be used clinically in personal therapy and point-of-care applications. At least with Bortezomib microneedles, it could be ensured that MM patients can go through the treatment process more painlessly. This way, MM can be switched to the curable cancer type list, and Bortezomib can be targeted for its treatment with fewer side effects.
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19
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Bahamondes Lorca VA, Wu S. Ultraviolet Light, Unfolded Protein Response and Autophagy †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:498-508. [PMID: 36591940 DOI: 10.1111/php.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in the regulation of protein synthesis. Alterations in the folding capacity of the ER induce stress, which activates three ER sensors that mediate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Components of the pathways regulated by these sensors have been shown to regulate autophagy. The last corresponds to a mechanism of self-eating and recycling important for proper cell maintenance. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is an external damaging stimulus that is known for inducing oxidative stress, and DNA, lipid and protein damage. Many controversies exist regarding the role of UV-inducing ER stress or autophagy. However, a connection between the three of them has not been addressed. In this review, we will discuss the contradictory theories regarding the relationships between UV radiation with the induction of ER stress and autophagy, as well as hypothetic connections between UV, ER stress and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A Bahamondes Lorca
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH.,Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH
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20
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Mir KB, Faheem MM, Ahmad SM, Rasool JU, Amin T, Chakraborty S, Bhagat M, Ahmed Z, Ali A, Goswami A. β-(4-fluorobenzyl) Arteannuin B induced interaction of ATF-4 and C/EBPβ mediates the transition of breast cancer cells from autophagy to senescence. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1013500. [PMID: 36465376 PMCID: PMC9713483 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1013500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ATF-4 is a master regulator of transcription of genes essential for cellular-adaptive function. In response to the quantum and duration of stress, ATF-4 diligently responds to both pro-apoptotic and pro-survival signals converging into either autophagy or apoptosis/senescence. Despite emerging cues implying a relationship between autophagy and senescence, how these two processes are controlled remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrate β-(4-fluorobenzyl) Arteannuin B (here after Arteannuin 09), a novel semisynthetic derivative of Arteannuin B, as a potent ER stress inducer leading to the consistent activation of ATF-4. Persistent ATF-4 expression at early time-points facilitates the autophagy program and consequently by upregulating p21 at later time-points, the signaling is shifted towards G2/M cell cycle arrest. As bZIP transcription factors including ATF-4 are obligate dimers, and because ATF-4 homodimers are not highly stable, we hypothesized that ATF-4 may induce p21 expression by physically interacting with another bZIP family member i.e., C/EBPβ. Our co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization studies demonstrated that ATF-4 is principally responsible for the autophagic potential of Arteannuin 09, while as, induction of both ATF-4 and C/EBPβ is indispensable for the p21 regulated-cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy signaling switches the fate of Arteannuin 09 treated cells from senescence to apoptosis. Lastly, our data accomplished that Arteannuin 09 is a potent inhibitor of tumor growth and inducer of premature senescence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bashir Mir
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Mir Mohd Faheem
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Syed Mudabir Ahmad
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Javeed Ur Rasool
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Tanzeeba Amin
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | | | | | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
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21
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Adema V, Ma F, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Thongon N, Montalban-Bravo G, Yang H, Peslak SA, Wang F, Acha P, Sole F, Lockyer P, Cassari M, Maciejewski JP, Visconte V, Gañán-Gómez I, Song Y, Bueso-Ramos C, Pellegrini M, Tan TM, Bejar R, Carew JS, Halene S, Santini V, Al-Atrash G, Clise-Dwyer K, Garcia-Manero G, Blobel GA, Colla S. Targeting the EIF2AK1 Signaling Pathway Rescues Red Blood Cell Production in SF3B1-Mutant Myelodysplastic Syndromes With Ringed Sideroblasts. Blood Cancer Discov 2022; 3:554-567. [PMID: 35926182 PMCID: PMC9894566 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SF3B1 mutations, which occur in 20% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), are the hallmarks of a specific MDS subtype, MDS with ringed sideroblasts (MDS-RS), which is characterized by the accumulation of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow and primarily affects the elderly population. Here, using single-cell technologies and functional validation studies of primary SF3B1-mutant MDS-RS samples, we show that SF3B1 mutations lead to the activation of the EIF2AK1 pathway in response to heme deficiency and that targeting this pathway rescues aberrant erythroid differentiation and enables the red blood cell maturation of MDS-RS erythroblasts. These data support the development of EIF2AK1 inhibitors to overcome transfusion dependency in patients with SF3B1-mutant MDS-RS with impaired red blood cell production. SIGNIFICANCE MDS-RS are characterized by significant anemia. Patients with MDS-RS die from a shortage of red blood cells and the side effects of iron overload due to their constant need for transfusions. Our study has implications for the development of therapies to achieve long-lasting hematologic responses. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Adema
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, Texas
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan
Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Natthakan Thongon
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, Texas
| | | | - Hui Yang
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, Texas
| | - Scott A. Peslak
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pamela Acha
- MDS Research Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat
Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc Sole
- MDS Research Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat
Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Pamela Lockyer
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, Texas
| | - Margherita Cassari
- MDS Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence,
Florence, Italy
| | - Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer
Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Irene Gañán-Gómez
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, Texas
| | - Yuanbin Song
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in
South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University
Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of
California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tuyet M. Tan
- Moores Cancer Center, Univerity of California San Diego, San Diego,
California
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Moores Cancer Center, Univerity of California San Diego, San Diego,
California
| | | | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Yale
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven,
Connecticut
| | - Valeria Santini
- MDS Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence,
Florence, Italy
| | - Gheath Al-Atrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematopoietic Biology and
Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematopoietic Biology and
Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Gerd A. Blobel
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Simona Colla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, Texas
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22
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Sharma A, Nair R, Achreja A, Mittal A, Gupta P, Balakrishnan K, Edgar CL, Animasahun O, Dwivedi B, Barwick BG, Gupta VA, Matulis SM, Bhasin M, Lonial S, Nooka AK, Wiita AP, Boise LH, Nagrath D, Shanmugam M. Therapeutic implications of mitochondrial stress-induced proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq5575. [PMID: 36170375 PMCID: PMC9519052 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The connections between metabolic state and therapy resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) are poorly understood. We previously reported that electron transport chain (ETC) suppression promotes sensitivity to the BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax. Here, we show that ETC suppression promotes resistance to proteasome inhibitors (PIs). Interrogation of ETC-suppressed MM reveals integrated stress response-dependent suppression of protein translation and ubiquitination, leading to PI resistance. ETC and protein translation gene expression signatures from the CoMMpass trial are down-regulated in patients with poor outcome and relapse, corroborating our in vitro findings. ETC-suppressed MM exhibits up-regulation of the cystine-glutamate antiporter SLC7A11, and analysis of patient single-cell RNA-seq shows that clusters with low ETC gene expression correlate with higher SLC7A11 expression. Furthermore, erastin or venetoclax treatment diminishes mitochondrial stress-induced PI resistance. In sum, our work demonstrates that mitochondrial stress promotes PI resistance and underscores the need for implementing combinatorial regimens in MM cognizant of mitochondrial metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Remya Nair
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anjali Mittal
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pulkit Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kamakshi Balakrishnan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Claudia L. Edgar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olamide Animasahun
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bhakti Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Barwick
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vikas A. Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shannon M. Matulis
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ajay K. Nooka
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arun P. Wiita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mala Shanmugam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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23
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Solimando AG, Malerba E, Leone P, Prete M, Terragna C, Cavo M, Racanelli V. Drug resistance in multiple myeloma: Soldiers and weapons in the bone marrow niche. Front Oncol 2022; 12:973836. [PMID: 36212502 PMCID: PMC9533079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.973836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease, despite considerable improvements in treatment strategies, as resistance to most currently available agents is not uncommon. In this study, data on drug resistance in MM were analyzed and led to the following conclusions: resistance occurs via intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, including intraclonal heterogeneity, drug efflux pumps, alterations of drug targets, the inhibition of apoptosis, increased DNA repair and interactions with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, cell adhesion, and the release of soluble factors. Since MM involves the BM, interactions in the MM-BM microenvironment were examined as well, with a focus on the cross-talk between BM stromal cells (BMSCs), adipocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Given the complex mechanisms that drive MM, next-generation treatment strategies that avoid drug resistance must target both the neoplastic clone and its non-malignant environment. Possible approaches based on recent evidence include: (i) proteasome and histone deacetylases inhibitors that not only target MM but also act on BMSCs and osteoclasts; (ii) novel peptide drug conjugates that target both the MM malignant clone and angiogenesis to unleash an effective anti-MM immune response. Finally, the role of cancer stem cells in MM is unknown but given their roles in the development of solid and hematological malignancies, cancer relapse, and drug resistance, their identification and description are of paramount importance for MM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, ‘Aldo Moro’ University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’ of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Malerba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, ‘Aldo Moro’ University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, ‘Aldo Moro’ University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, ‘Aldo Moro’ University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carolina Terragna
- ’Seràgnoli’ Institute of Hematology, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- ’Seràgnoli’ Institute of Hematology, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, ‘Aldo Moro’ University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vito Racanelli,
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24
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Activated amino acid response pathway generates apatinib resistance by reprograming glutamine metabolism in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:636. [PMID: 35864117 PMCID: PMC9304404 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of apatinib has been confirmed in the treatment of solid tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the direct functional mechanisms of tumor lethality mediated by apatinib and the precise mechanisms of drug resistance are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that apatinib could reprogram glutamine metabolism in human NSCLC via a mechanism involved in amino acid metabolic imbalances. Apatinib repressed the expression of GLS1, the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of glutamine catabolism. However, the broken metabolic balance led to the activation of the amino acid response (AAR) pathway, known as the GCN2/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway. Moreover, activation of ATF4 was responsible for the induction of SLC1A5 and ASNS, which promoted the consumption and metabolization of glutamine. Interestingly, the combination of apatinib and ATF4 silencing abolished glutamine metabolism in NSCLC cells. Moreover, knockdown of ATF4 enhanced the antitumor effect of apatinib both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this study showed that apatinib could reprogram glutamine metabolism through the activation of the AAR pathway in human NSCLC cells and indicated that targeting ATF4 is a potential therapeutic strategy for relieving apatinib resistance.
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25
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Liu L, Liu T, Tao W, Liao N, Yan Q, Li L, Tan J, Shen W, Cheng H, Sun D. Flavonoids from Scutellaria barbata D. Don exert antitumor activity in colorectal cancer through inhibited autophagy and promoted apoptosis via ATF4/sestrin2 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154007. [PMID: 35259610 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SB), mainly containing flavonoids, has been frequently used for cancer treatment. However, little research has investigated the antitumor activity of flavonoids from SB (FSB). The current study aimed to assess the antitumor effect of TFSB and elucidate the probable underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN FSB was prepared, and its chemical composition was characterized by HPLC-MS. Colorectal HCT116 cells were treated with various concentration of FSB. The viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and autophagy of HCT116 cells were studied, as were further confirmed in tumor xenografts. METHODS Cell viability and proliferation were respectively examined by MTT and EdU staining. ROS was determined with DCFH-DA, and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Transwell and wound-healing assays were performed to evaluate cell migration. Immunofluorescence was employed to evaluate sestrin2 and ATF4 level. The protein expressions of p-AMPK, p-ULK1, p-mTOR, 4E-BP1, LC3-I/II, cleaved-caspase-3, Bax, and bcl-2 were investigated by western blot. ATF4 was overexpressed in experiments to explore the role of ATF4/sestrin2 pathway in FSB-mediated efficacy. RESULTS FSB clearly reduced the cell viability, promoted ROS generation, and induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells by down-regulated Bcl-2, and increased cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax. Furthermore, FSB significantly inhibited migration of colorectal cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further mechanistic study indicated that FSB upregulated p-mTOR protein level, and reduced p-AMPK, p-ULK1, p-mTOR, p-4E-BP1 and LC3-I/II expression, which were major autophagy-related genes. In addition, FSB could cause downregulation of endogenous mTOR inhibitor sestrin2 and ATF4 expression. Transient overexpression of ATF4 resulted in mTOR and sestrin2 inhibition, and significantly compromised the effects of FSB on apoptosis and autophagy in HCT116 cells. CONCLUSION Our results reveal, for the first time, that FSB exerts antitumor activity through autophagy inhibition and apoptosis induction via ATF4/sestrin2 pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Scutellaria barbata D. Don may have great potential in the application for the prevention and treatment of human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215600, China; School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Naikai Liao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Naning 530021, China
| | - Qiuying Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiani Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weixing Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dongdong Sun
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing 210023, China.
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26
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Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates numerous extracellular and intracellular signals involved in the maintenan-ce of cellular homeostasis and cell growth. mTOR also functions as an endogenous inhibitor of autophagy. Under nutrient-rich conditions, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) phosphorylates the ULK1 complex, preventing its activation and subsequent autophagosome formation, while inhibition of mTORC1 using either rapamycin or nutrient deprivation induces autophagy. Autophagy and proteasomal proteolysis provide amino acids necessary for protein translation. Although the connection between mTORC1 and autophagy is well characterized, the association of mTORC1 inhibition with proteasome biogenesis and activity has not been fully elucidated yet. Proteasomes are long-lived cellular organelles. Their spatiotemporal rather than homeostatic regulation could be another adaptive cellular mechanism to respond to starvation. Here, we reviewed several published reports and the latest research from our group to examine the connection between mTORC1 and proteasome. We have also investigated and described the effect of mTORC1 inhibition on proteasome activity using purified proteasomes. Since mTORC1 inhibitors are currently evaluated as treatments for several human diseases, a better understanding of the link between mTORC1 activity and proteasome function is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hyeong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Won Hoon Choi
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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27
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Ubiquitination-Proteasome System (UPS) and Autophagy Two Main Protein Degradation Machineries in Response to Cell Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050851. [PMID: 35269473 PMCID: PMC8909305 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to environmental stimuli, cells make a series of adaptive changes to combat the injury, repair the damage, and increase the tolerance to the stress. However, once the damage is too serious to repair, the cells will undergo apoptosis to protect the overall cells through suicidal behavior. Upon external stimulation, some intracellular proteins turn into unfolded or misfolded protein, exposing their hydrophobic regions to form protein aggregation, which may ultimately produce serious damage to the cells. Ubiquitin plays an important role in the degradation of these unnatural proteins by tagging with ubiquitin chains in the ubiquitin-proteasome or autophagy system. If the two processes fail to eliminate the abnormal protein aggregates, the cells will move to apoptosis and death. Dysregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy may result in the development of numerous diseases. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of UPS and autophagy in clearance of intracellular protein aggregates, and the relationship between dysregulation of ubiquitin network and diseases.
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28
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Davidson JM, Chung RS, Lee A. The converging roles of sequestosome-1/p62 in the molecular pathways of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Neurobiol Dis 2022; 166:105653. [PMID: 35143965 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have provided significant insight into the disease. At the cellular level, ALS and FTD are classified as proteinopathies, which is motor neuron degeneration and death characterized by pathological protein aggregates or dysregulated proteostasis. At both the clinical and molecular level there are common signaling pathways dysregulated across the ALS and FTD spectrum (ALS/FTD). Sequestosome-1/p62 is a multifunctional scaffold protein with roles in several signaling pathways including proteostasis, protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy, the antioxidant response, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. Notably these pathways are dysregulated in ALS and FTD. Mutations in the functional domains of p62 provide links to the pathogenetic mechanisms of p62 and dyshomeostasis of p62 levels is noted in several types of ALS and FTD. We present here that the dysregulated ALS and FTD signaling pathways are linked, with p62 converging the molecular mechanisms. This review summarizes the current literature on the complex role of p62 in the pathogenesis across the ALS/FTD spectrum. The focus is on the underlying convergent molecular mechanisms of ALS and FTD-associated proteins and pathways that dysregulate p62 levels or are dysregulated by p62, with emphasis on how p62 is implicated across the ALS/FTD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennilee M Davidson
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, NSW 2109, Australia..
| | - Roger S Chung
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, NSW 2109, Australia..
| | - Albert Lee
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, NSW 2109, Australia..
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29
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Zhong H, Yang C, Gao Y, Cao P, Tian Y, Shen X, Wang R, Xu C, Chen H, Yuan W. PERK signaling activation restores nucleus pulposus degeneration by activating autophagy under hypoxia environment. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:341-353. [PMID: 34767959 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is an important disease with no efficient biological therapy identified. Autophagy, a wildly known therapeutic target for human disease, has been demonstrated to be activated under hypoxia, with underlying mechanism remains elusive. Thus, this study aims to specify the role of autophagy in IVD degeneration, the regulating mechanism of hypoxia-inducing autophagy, and the therapeutic value of autophagy for IVD degeneration. METHODS RNA-seq was used to screen the primary pathway affected in NP cells under hypoxia, the specific link between hypoxia and autophagy were investigated using ChIP-seq and dual luciferase reporter assay. Conditional ATG7 knockout mice (ATG7-/-) were constructed for assessing the effect of autophagy on IVD degeneration, and puncture induced mice model of IVD degeneration were used for intradiscal injection to evaluate the therapeutic value of autophagy. RESULTS We demonstrated that hypoxia induces autophagy by transcriptional activation of autophagic gene LC3B and ATG7, which is controlled by PERK signaling. Then, we observed that inhibiting autophagy or PERK signaling leads to impaired NP cell viability and function, furthermore, using ATG7 knockout (ATG7-/-) mice, we identified the protective role of autophagy in IVD. Furthermore, we found that intradiscal injection of PERK signaling agonist, CCT020312, significantly restores the degeneration level of needle punctured mice IVD. CONCLUSION We showed that the activation of PERK signaling upon hypoxia serves as a vital mechanism to induce autophagy and identified the therapeutic value of PERK signaling agonist for IVD degeneration treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhong
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Yang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - P Cao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Tian
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Shen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - R Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Xu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - H Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - W Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Lee DM, Seo MJ, Lee HJ, Jin HJ, Choi KS. ISRIB plus bortezomib triggers paraptosis in breast cancer cells via enhanced translation and subsequent proteotoxic stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 596:56-62. [PMID: 35114585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) in treating hematopoietic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM), their clinical efficacy is limited in solid tumors. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the integrated stress response (ISR), a central cellular adaptive program that responds to proteostatic defects by tuning protein synthesis rates, in determining the fates of cells treated with PI, bortezomib (Bz). We found that Bz induces ISR, and this can be reversed by ISRIB, a small molecule that restores eIF2B-mediated translation during ISR, in both Bz-sensitive MM cells and Bz-insensitive breast cancer cells. Interestingly, while ISRIB protected MM cells from Bz-induced apoptosis, it enhanced Bz sensitivity in breast cancer cells by inducing paraptosis, the cell death mode that is accompanied by dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Combined treatment with ISRIB and Bz may shift the fate of Bz-insensitive cancer cells toward paraptosis by inducing translational rescue, leading to irresolvable proteotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hong Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Joon Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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31
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhu C. The Role of Autophagy in Childhood Central Nervous System Tumors. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:1535-1547. [PMID: 36197606 PMCID: PMC9596594 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Autophagy is a physiological process that occurs in normal tissues. Under external environmental pressure or internal environmental changes, cells can digest part of their contents through autophagy in order to reduce metabolic pressure or remove damaged organelles. In cancer, autophagy plays a paradoxical role, acting as a tumor suppressor-by removing damaged organelles and inhibiting inflammation or by promoting genome stability and the tumor-adaptive responses-as a pro-survival mechanism to protect cells from stress. In this article, we review the autophagy-dependent mechanisms driving childhood central nervous system tumor cell death, malignancy invasion, chemosensitivity, and radiosensitivity. Autophagy inhibitors and inducers have been developed, and encouraging results have been achieved in autophagy modulation, suggesting that these might be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital,Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018 China ,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention,Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Dinić S, Arambašić Jovanović J, Uskoković A, Mihailović M, Grdović N, Tolić A, Rajić J, Đorđević M, Vidaković M. Oxidative stress-mediated beta cell death and dysfunction as a target for diabetes management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1006376. [PMID: 36246880 PMCID: PMC9554708 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1006376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biggest drawback of a current diabetes therapy is the treatment of the consequences not the cause of the disease. Regardless of the diabetes type, preservation and recovery of functional pancreatic beta cells stands as the biggest challenge in the treatment of diabetes. Free radicals and oxidative stress are among the major mediators of autoimmune destruction of beta cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) or beta cell malfunction and death provoked by glucotoxicity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Additionally, oxidative stress reduces functionality of beta cells in T2D by stimulating their de-/trans-differentiation through the loss of transcription factors critical for beta cell development, maturity and regeneration. This review summarizes up to date clarified redox-related mechanisms involved in regulating beta cell identity and death, underlining similarities and differences between T1D and T2D. The protective effects of natural antioxidants on the oxidative stress-induced beta cell failure were also discussed. Considering that oxidative stress affects epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in the regulation of pancreatic beta cell survival and insulin secretion, this review highlighted huge potential of epigenetic therapy. Special attention was paid on application of the state-of-the-art CRISPR/Cas9 technology, based on targeted epigenome editing with the purpose of changing the differentiation state of different cell types, making them insulin-producing with ability to attenuate diabetes. Clarification of the above-mentioned mechanisms could provide better insight into diabetes etiology and pathogenesis, which would allow development of novel, potentially more efficient therapeutic strategies for the prevention or reversion of beta cell loss.
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Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Cancer Formation and Progression Is a Real Opportunity to Treat and Cure Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225622. [PMID: 34830777 PMCID: PMC8616104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The modulation of autophagy represents a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. More than one hundred clinical trials have been conducted or are ongoing to explore the efficacy of autophagy modulators to reduce the tumor growth and potentiate the anti-cancer effects of conventional therapy. Despite this, the effective role of autophagy during tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis remains not well understood. Depending on the cancer type and stage of cancer, autophagy may have tumor suppressor properties as well as help cancer cells to proliferate and evade cancer therapy. The current review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the autophagy implications in cancer and report the therapeutic opportunities based on the modulation of the autophagy process. Abstract The malignant transformation of a cell produces the accumulation of several cellular adaptions. These changes determine variations in biological processes that are necessary for a cancerous cell to survive during stressful conditions. Autophagy is the main nutrient recycling and metabolic adaptor mechanism in eukaryotic cells, represents a continuous source of energy and biomolecules, and is fundamental to preserve the correct cellular homeostasis during unfavorable conditions. In recent decades, several findings demonstrate a close relationship between autophagy, malignant transformation, and cancer progression. The evidence suggests that autophagy in the cancer context has a bipolar role (it may act as a tumor suppressor and as a mechanism of cell survival for established tumors) and demonstrates that the targeting of autophagy may represent novel therapeutic opportunities. Accordingly, the modulation of autophagy has important clinical benefits in patients affected by diverse cancer types. Currently, about 30 clinical trials are actively investigating the efficacy of autophagy modulators to enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy treatments. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathways regulating autophagy in the cancer context will provide new ways to target autophagy for improving the therapeutic benefits. Herein, we describe how autophagy participates during malignant transformation and cancer progression, and we report the ultimate efforts to translate this knowledge into specific therapeutic approaches to treat and cure human cancers.
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Miles RR, Amin PH, Diaz MB, Misra J, Aukerman E, Das A, Ghosh N, Guith T, Knierman MD, Roy S, Spandau DF, Wek RC. The eIF2 kinase GCN2 directs keratinocyte collective cell migration during wound healing via coordination of reactive oxygen species and amino acids. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101257. [PMID: 34597669 PMCID: PMC8554533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of cutaneous wounds requires the collective migration of epithelial keratinocytes to seal the wound bed from the environment. However, the signaling events that coordinate this collective migration are unclear. In this report, we address the role of phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) and attendant gene expression during wound healing. Wounding of human keratinocyte monolayers in vitro led to the rapid activation of the eIF2 kinase GCN2. We determined that deletion or pharmacological inhibition of GCN2 significantly delayed collective cell migration and wound closure. Global transcriptomic, biochemical, and cellular analyses indicated that GCN2 is necessary for maintenance of intracellular free amino acids, particularly cysteine, as well as coordination of RAC1-GTP-driven reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lamellipodia formation, and focal adhesion dynamics following keratinocyte wounding. In vivo experiments using mice deficient for GCN2 validated the role of the eIF2 kinase during wound healing in intact skin. These results indicate that GCN2 is critical for appropriate induction of collective cell migration and plays a critical role in coordinating the re-epithelialization of cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Miles
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Parth H Amin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Miguel Barriera Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jagannath Misra
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Erica Aukerman
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nandini Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tanner Guith
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael D Knierman
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dan F Spandau
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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35
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Tian X, Zhang S, Zhou L, Seyhan AA, Hernandez Borrero L, Zhang Y, El-Deiry WS. Targeting the Integrated Stress Response in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:747837. [PMID: 34630117 PMCID: PMC8498116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.747837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is an evolutionarily conserved intra-cellular signaling network which is activated in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stresses. Various stresses are sensed by four specialized kinases, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), general control non-derepressible 2 (GCN2), double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and heme-regulated eIF2α kinase (HRI) that converge on phosphorylation of serine 51 of eIF2α. eIF2α phosphorylation causes a global reduction of protein synthesis and triggers the translation of specific mRNAs, including activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Although the ISR promotes cell survival and homeostasis, when stress is severe or prolonged the ISR signaling will shift to regulate cellular apoptosis. We review the ISR signaling pathway, regulation and importance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Tian
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shengliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Attila A Seyhan
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Liz Hernandez Borrero
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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36
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Alfred N, Qian B, Qin X, Yin X, Prajapati M, Dou Y, Li Y, Zhang Z. Inhibition of eIF2α Phosphorylation by Peste des Petits Ruminant Virus Phosphoprotein Facilitates Viral Replication. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:645571. [PMID: 34295932 PMCID: PMC8290123 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.645571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV) causes a highly contagious disease in small ruminants. The molecular mechanism of PPRV replication and its interactions with hosts are poorly studied. In other paramyxoviruses, the viral phosphoprotein (P) has been associated with multiple functions for key biological processes such as the regulation of transcription, translation, and the control of cell cycle. Phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) is an important process for gene regulation in host cells under stress, including viral infection. In the present study, molecular mechanisms associated with PPRV replication and viral interaction with host cells were investigated. We describe the ability of PPRV to dephosphorylate eIF2α and the potential of PPRV P protein to induce the host cellular growth arrest DNA damage protein (GADD34), which is known to be associated with eIF2α dephosphorylation. Furthermore, we observed that PPRV P protein alone could block PERK/eIF2α phosphorylation. We speculate that PPRV exploits eIF2α dephosphorylation to facilitate viral replication and that PPRV P protein is involved in this molecular mechanism. This work provides new insights into further understanding PPRV pathobiology and its viral/host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyokwishimira Alfred
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meera Prajapati
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxi Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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Ma JY, Liu Q, Liu G, Peng S, Wu G. Identification and validation of a robust autophagy-related molecular model for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16684-16695. [PMID: 34185683 PMCID: PMC8266368 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite a relatively low mortality rate, high recurrence rates represent a significant problem for breast cancer (BC) patients. Autophagy affects the development, progression, and prognosis of various cancers, including BC. The aim of the present study was to identify candidate autophagy-related genes (ARGs) and construct a molecular-clinicopathological signature to predict recurrence risk in BC. A 10-ARG-based signature was established in a training cohort (GEO-BC dataset GSE25066) with LASSO Cox regression and assessed in an independent validation cohort (GEO-BC GSE22219). Significant differences in recurrence-free survival were observed for high- and low-risk patients segregated based on their signature-based risk score. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (tdROC) analysis of signature performance demonstrated satisfactory accuracy and predictive power in both the training and validation cohorts. Moreover, we developed a nomogram to predict 3- and 5-year recurrence-free survival by combining the autophagy-related risk score and clinicopathological data. Both the tdROC and calibration curves indicated high discriminating ability for the nomogram. This study indicates that our ARG-based signature is an independent prognostic classifier for recurrence-free survival in BC. In addition, individualized survival risk assessment and treatment decisions might be effectively improved by implementing the proposed nomogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ying Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Thyroid Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Thyroid Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Shasha Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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38
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Ghaznavi H, Shirvaliloo M, Zarebkohan A, Shams Z, Radnia F, Bahmanpour Z, Sargazi S, Saravani R, Shirvalilou S, Shahraki O, Shahraki S, Nazarlou Z, Sheervalilou R. An Updated Review on Implications of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Tumorigenesis: Possible Alterations in Autophagy through Engineered Nanomaterials and Their Importance in Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:119-143. [PMID: 33990406 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most commonly recognized as a catabolic pathway, autophagy is a perplexing mechanism through which a living cell can free itself of excess cytoplasmic components, i.e., organelles, by means of certain membranous vesicles or lysosomes filled with degrading enzymes. Upon exposure to external insult or internal stimuli, the cell might opt to activate such a pathway, through which it can gain control over the maintenance of intracellular components and thus sustain homeostasis by intercepting the formation of unnecessary structures or eliminating the already present dysfunctional or inutile organelles. Despite such appropriateness, autophagy might also be considered a frailty for the cell, as it has been said to have a rather complicated role in tumorigenesis. A merit in the early stages of tumor formation, autophagy appears to be salutary because of its tumor-suppressing effects. In fact, several investigations on tumorigenesis have reported diminished levels of autophagic activity in tumor cells, which might result in transition to malignancy. On the contrary, autophagy has been suggested to be a seemingly favorable mechanism to progressed malignancies, as it contributes to survival of such cells. Based on the recent literature, this mechanism might also be activated upon the entry of engineered nanomaterials inside a cell, supposedly protecting the host from foreign materials. Accordingly, there is a good chance that therapeutic interventions for modulating autophagy in malignant cells using nanoparticles may sensitize cancerous cells to certain treatment modalities, e.g., radiotherapy. In this review, we will discuss the signaling pathways involved in autophagy and the significance of the mechanism itself in apoptosis and tumorigenesis while shedding light on possible alterations in autophagy through engineered nanomaterials and their potential therapeutic applications in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Autophagy has been said to have a complicated role in tumorigenesis. In the early stages of tumor formation, autophagy appears to be salutary because of its tumor-suppressing effects. On the contrary, autophagy has been suggested to be a favorable mechanism to progressed malignancies. This mechanism might be affected upon the entry of nanomaterials inside a cell. Accordingly, therapeutic interventions for modulating autophagy using nanoparticles may sensitize cancerous cells to certain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Zinat Shams
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Fatemeh Radnia
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Zahra Bahmanpour
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Sakine Shirvalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Sheida Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Ziba Nazarlou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
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Autophagy in Acute Pancreatitis: Organelle Interaction and microRNA Regulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8811935. [PMID: 33628384 PMCID: PMC7884169 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8811935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disorder with significant hospital admission and mortality. Due to the unclarified pathological mechanism, there is still no effective and specific treatment for AP. Recently, autophagy has been found to be closely related with occurrence and development of AP, which is crucial in determining its severity and outcomes. Emerging evidence indicates that autophagy can be regulated and influenced by microRNAs and organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome, through various ways in AP. Of note, the complex interplays and close relationships among autophagy, microRNA and organelles in AP are vital for figuring out pathogenesis but not clear yet. Thus, this review summarizes the role of autophagy in the pathological mechanism of AP, especially the relationship between impaired autophagy and organelles, and discusses the regulatory mechanism of microRNA on autophagy, which could offer new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of AP and developing new potential therapeutic targets against AP.
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40
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Liu YF, Luo D, Li X, Li ZQ, Yu X, Zhu HW. PVT1 Knockdown Inhibits Autophagy and Improves Gemcitabine Sensitivity by Regulating the MiR-143/HIF-1α/VMP1 Axis in Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2021; 50:227-234. [PMID: 33565800 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of gemcitabine sensitivity is needed to improve the therapeutic effects of this drug in pancreatic cancer. METHODS PANC-1 cells were transfected with small hairpin RNA against PVT1 or microRNA (miR)-143 mimics or inhibitor. The gemcitabine sensitivity of pancreatic cancer was evaluated. Autophagosomes were analyzed with an immunofluorescence assay. Cell viability and proliferation were examined with MTT assays. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of PVT1, miR-143, HIF-1α, VMP1, LC3I/II, p62, and Beclin-1. The interactions of PVT1/miR-143 and miR-143/HIF-1α were assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS PVT1 was upregulated while miR-143 was downregulated in pancreatic cancer. Both PVT1 knockdown and miR-143 overexpression suppressed autophagy and improved gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer. PVT1 directly sponged miR-143 to regulate HIF-1α expression. MiR-143 inhibitor reversed the effect of PVT1 knockdown on autophagy and gemcitabine sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS PVT1 knockdown inhibited autophagy and improved gemcitabine sensitivity via the miR-143/HIF-1α/VMP1 axis in pancreatic cancer. Our investigation elucidated a novel regulatory mechanism of gemcitabine sensitivity and may contribute to improve the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy drugs on pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Liu
- From the Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II
| | - Dong Luo
- From the Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II
| | - Xia Li
- Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- From the Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II
| | - Xiao Yu
- From the Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II
| | - Hong-Wei Zhu
- From the Departments of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II
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41
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Chern YJ, Tai IT. Adaptive response of resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:842-863. [PMID: 33299639 PMCID: PMC7721100 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer therapeutics and the integration of personalized medicine, the development of chemoresistance in many patients remains a significant contributing factor to cancer mortality. Upon treatment with chemotherapeutics, the disruption of homeostasis in cancer cells triggers the adaptive response which has emerged as a key resistance mechanism. In this review, we summarize the mechanistic studies investigating the three major components of the adaptive response, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, and senescence, in response to cancer chemotherapy. We will discuss the development of potential cancer therapeutic strategies in the context of these adaptive resistance mechanisms, with the goal of stimulating research that may facilitate the development of effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jye Chern
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Isabella T Tai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada
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42
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The dialogue between the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy: Implications in ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101203. [PMID: 33130248 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated proteostasis is one of the hallmarks of ageing. Damaged proteins may impair cellular function and their accumulation may lead to tissue dysfunction and disease. This is why protective mechanisms to safeguard the cell proteome have evolved. These mechanisms consist of cellular machineries involved in protein quality control, including regulators of protein translation, folding, trafficking and degradation. In eukaryotic cells, protein degradation occurs via two main pathways: the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Although distinct pathways, they are not isolated systems and have a complementary nature, as evidenced by recent studies. These findings raise the question of how autophagy and the proteasome crosstalk. In this review we address how the two degradation pathways impact each other, thereby adding a new layer of regulation to protein degradation. We also analyze the implications of the UPS and autophagy in ageing.
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43
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Mitochondrial dysfunction generates aggregates that resist lysosomal degradation in human breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:460. [PMID: 32541677 PMCID: PMC7296005 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disrupting functional protein homeostasis is an established therapeutic strategy for certain tumors. Ongoing studies are evaluating autophagy inhibition for overcoming chemotherapeutic resistance to such therapies by neutralizing lysosomal pH. New and sensitive methods to monitor autophagy in patients are needed to improve trial design and interpretation. We report that mitochondrial-damaged breast cancer cells and rat breast tumors accumulate p53-positive protein aggregates that resist lysosomal degradation. These aggregates were localized to enzymatically-active autolysosomes that were degrading autophagosomes and the autophagic receptor proteins TAX1BP1 and NDP52. NDP52 was identified to associate with aggregated proteins and knocking down NDP52 led to the accumulation of protein aggregates. TAX1BP1 was identified to partly localize with aggregates, and knocking down TAX1BP1 enhanced aggregate formation, suppressed autophagy, impaired NDP52 autophagic degradation and induced cell death. We propose that quantifying aggregates and autophagic receptors are two potential methods to evaluate autophagy and lysosomal degradation, as confirmed using primary human tumor samples. Collectively, this report establishes protein aggregates and autophagy receptors, TAX1BP1 and NDP52, as potential endpoints for monitoring autophagy during drug development and clinical studies.
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44
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Yan W, Dong ZC, Wang JJ, Zhang YL, Wang HX, Zhang B, Li HH. Deficiency of the Immunoproteasome LMP10 Subunit Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophic Remodeling via Autophagic Degradation of gp130 and IGF1R. Front Physiol 2020; 11:625. [PMID: 32581853 PMCID: PMC7296172 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy is the leading cause of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. We recently demonstrated that the immunoproteasome, an inducible form of the constitutive proteasome, plays a critical role in regulating cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of the immunoproteasome LMP10 (β2i) catalytic subunit in the regulation of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophic remodeling remains unclear. Methods Wild-type (WT) and LMP10 knockout (KO) mice were infused with Ang II 1,000 ng/kg/min for 2 weeks. Blood pressure was measured using a tail-cuff system. Cardiac function and hypertrophic remodeling were examined by echocardiography and histological staining. The expression levels of genes and proteins were examined with quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting analysis, respectively. Results LMP10 mRNA and protein expression was significantly increased in Ang II-stimulated hearts and primary cardiomyocytes. Moreover, Ang II infusion for 2 weeks increased systolic blood pressure, abnormal cardiac function, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation in WT mice, which were significantly reversed in KO mice. Moreover, a marked reduction in the protein levels of insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R), glycoprotein 130 (gp130), and phosphorylated AKT, mTOR, STAT3, and ERK1/2 and an increase in the LC3II/I ratio were also observed in LMP10 KO mice compared with WT mice after Ang II infusion. In vitro culture experiments confirmed that LMP10 knockdown activated autophagy and increased IGF1R and gp130 degradation, leading to the inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. However, inhibiting autophagy with chloroquine reversed this effect. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that LMP10 KO attenuates Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophic remodeling via the autophagy-dependent degradation of IGF1R and gp130, and suggests that LMP10 may be a novel therapeutic target for hypertrophic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Long Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Physiopathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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45
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Tsang YH, Wang Y, Kong K, Grzeskowiak C, Zagorodna O, Dogruluk T, Lu H, Villafane N, Bhavana VH, Moreno D, Elsea SH, Liang H, Mills GB, Scott KL. Differential expression of MAGEA6 toggles autophagy to promote pancreatic cancer progression. eLife 2020; 9:48963. [PMID: 32270762 PMCID: PMC7164953 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanoma-associated antigen family A (MAGEA) antigens are expressed in a wide variety of malignant tumors but not in adult somatic cells, rendering them attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. Here we show that a number of cancer-associated MAGEA mutants that undergo proteasome-dependent degradation in vitro could negatively impact their utility as immunotherapeutic targets. Importantly, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell models, MAGEA6 suppresses macroautophagy (autophagy). The inhibition of autophagy is released upon MAGEA6 degradation, which can be induced by nutrient deficiency or by acquisition of cancer-associated mutations. Using xenograft mouse models, we demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy is critical for tumor initiation whereas reinstitution of autophagy as a consequence of MAGEA6 degradation contributes to tumor progression. These findings could inform cancer immunotherapeutic strategies for targeting MAGEA antigens and provide mechanistic insight into the divergent roles of MAGEA6 during pancreatic cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Huen Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Cell, Develop & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Kathleen Kong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Caitlin Grzeskowiak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Oksana Zagorodna
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Turgut Dogruluk
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Hengyu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Nicole Villafane
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | | | - Daniela Moreno
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Sarah H Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Cell, Develop & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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46
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Bustamante HA, Cereceda K, González AE, Valenzuela GE, Cheuquemilla Y, Hernández S, Arias-Muñoz E, Cerda-Troncoso C, Bandau S, Soza A, Kausel G, Kerr B, Mardones GA, Cancino J, Hay RT, Rojas-Fernandez A, Burgos PV. The Proteasomal Deubiquitinating Enzyme PSMD14 Regulates Macroautophagy by Controlling Golgi-to-ER Retrograde Transport. Cells 2020; 9:E777. [PMID: 32210007 PMCID: PMC7140897 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates several biological processes, however the role of specific members of the ubiquitinome on intracellular membrane trafficking is not yet fully understood. Here, we search for ubiquitin-related genes implicated in protein membrane trafficking performing a High-Content siRNA Screening including 1187 genes of the human "ubiquitinome" using amyloid precursor protein (APP) as a reporter. We identified the deubiquitinating enzyme PSMD14, a subunit of the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome, specific for K63-Ub chains in cells, as a novel regulator of Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrograde transport. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of PSMD14 with Capzimin (CZM) caused a robust increase in APP levels at the Golgi apparatus and the swelling of this organelle. We showed that this phenotype is the result of rapid inhibition of Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, a pathway implicated in the early steps of the autophagosomal formation. Indeed, we observed that inhibition of PSMD14 with CZM acts as a potent blocker of macroautophagy by a mechanism related to the retention of Atg9A and Rab1A at the Golgi apparatus. As pharmacological inhibition of the proteolytic core of the 20S proteasome did not recapitulate these effects, we concluded that PSMD14, and the K63-Ub chains, act as a crucial regulatory factor for macroautophagy by controlling Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hianara A Bustamante
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Karina Cereceda
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Alexis E González
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Guillermo E Valenzuela
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (G.E.V.); (G.K.)
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Yorka Cheuquemilla
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Sergio Hernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Eloisa Arias-Muñoz
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Cristóbal Cerda-Troncoso
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Susanne Bandau
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Gudrun Kausel
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (G.E.V.); (G.K.)
| | - Bredford Kerr
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 83330023, Chile
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Bortezomib Treatment Modulates Autophagy in Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020552. [PMID: 32085480 PMCID: PMC7073518 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the introduction of bortezomib as a therapeutic strategy has improved the overall survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, 15–20% of high-risk patients do not respond to bortezomib over time or become resistant to treatment. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies, such as combination therapies, is urgently needed. Methods: Given that bortezomib resistance may be mediated by activation of the autophagy pathway as an alternative mechanism of protein degradation, and that an enormous amounts of misfolded protein is generated in myeloma plasma cells (PCs), we investigated the effect of the simultaneous inhibition of proteasome by bortezomib and autophagy by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment on PCs and endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and MM. Results: We found that bortezomib combined with HCQ induces synergistic cytotoxicity in myeloma PCs whereas this effect is lost on ECs. Levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain beta (LC3B) and p62 are differentially modulated in PCs and ECs, with effects on cell viability and proliferation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that treatment with bortezomib and HCQ should be associated with an anti-angiogenic drug to prevent the pro-angiogenic effect of bortezomib, the proliferation of a small residual tumor PC clone, and thus the relapse.
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Joshi V, Upadhyay A, Prajapati VK, Mishra A. How autophagy can restore proteostasis defects in multiple diseases? Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1385-1439. [PMID: 32043639 DOI: 10.1002/med.21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular evolution develops several conserved mechanisms by which cells can tolerate various difficult conditions and overall maintain homeostasis. Autophagy is a well-developed and evolutionarily conserved mechanism of catabolism, which endorses the degradation of foreign and endogenous materials via autolysosome. To decrease the burden of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), autophagy also promotes the selective degradation of proteins in a tightly regulated way to improve the physiological balance of cellular proteostasis that may get perturbed due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. However, the diverse as well as selective clearance of unwanted materials and regulations of several cellular mechanisms via autophagy is still a critical mystery. Also, the failure of autophagy causes an increase in the accumulation of harmful protein aggregates that may lead to neurodegeneration. Therefore, it is necessary to address this multifactorial threat for in-depth research and develop more effective therapeutic strategies against lethal autophagy alterations. In this paper, we discuss the most relevant and recent reports on autophagy modulations and their impact on neurodegeneration and other complex disorders. We have summarized various pharmacological findings linked with the induction and suppression of autophagy mechanism and their promising preclinical and clinical applications to provide therapeutic solutions against neurodegeneration. The conclusion, key questions, and future prospectives sections summarize fundamental challenges and their possible feasible solutions linked with autophagy mechanism to potentially design an impactful therapeutic niche to treat neurodegenerative diseases and imperfect aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, India
| | - Vijay K Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, India
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Pinto V, Bergantim R, Caires HR, Seca H, Guimarães JE, Vasconcelos MH. Multiple Myeloma: Available Therapies and Causes of Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E407. [PMID: 32050631 PMCID: PMC7072128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common blood cancer. Treatments for MM include corticosteroids, alkylating agents, anthracyclines, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, histone deacetylase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Survival outcomes have improved substantially due to the introduction of many of these drugs allied with their rational use. Nonetheless, MM patients successively relapse after one or more treatment regimens or become refractory, mostly due to drug resistance. This review focuses on the main drugs used in MM treatment and on causes of drug resistance, including cytogenetic, genetic and epigenetic alterations, abnormal drug transport and metabolism, dysregulation of apoptosis, autophagy activation and other intracellular signaling pathways, the presence of cancer stem cells, and the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we highlight the areas that need to be further clarified in an attempt to identify novel therapeutic targets to counteract drug resistance in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pinto
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (R.B.); (H.R.C.); (H.S.); (J.E.G.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCTUC–Faculty of Science and Technology of the University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Bergantim
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (R.B.); (H.R.C.); (H.S.); (J.E.G.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Hospital São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (R.B.); (H.R.C.); (H.S.); (J.E.G.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Seca
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (R.B.); (H.R.C.); (H.S.); (J.E.G.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José E. Guimarães
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (R.B.); (H.R.C.); (H.S.); (J.E.G.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Hospital São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (R.B.); (H.R.C.); (H.S.); (J.E.G.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Circ_0009910 promotes imatinib resistance through ULK1-induced autophagy by sponging miR-34a-5p in chronic myeloid leukemia. Life Sci 2020; 243:117255. [PMID: 31923418 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence in drug resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was accompanied by autophagy activation. Abnormal circular RNAs (circRNAs) participated in this progression. This study attempted to investigate the potential role of circ_0009910 in imatinib resistance of CML cells. METHODS The expression of circ_0009910 and miR-34a-5p was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The characterization of circ_0009910 was investigated using oligo (dT)18 primers, Actinomycin D and RNase R. Cell viability (IC50 value) and apoptosis were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The relative protein expression was quantified by western blot. The relationship among miR-34a-5p, circ_0009910 and ULK1 was predicted by online bioinformatics tool, and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). RESULTS The expression of circ_0009910 was up-regulated in the serum of imatinib-resistance CML patients and K562/R cells, and associated with unfavorable clinicopathologic features. Circ_0009910 in K562 and K562/R cells was mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Circ_0009910 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and autophagy, but induced apoptosis in K562/R cells. Circ_0009910 targeted miR-34a-5p to regulate ULK1. MiR-34a-5p depression rescued the effects of circ_0009910 knockdown on apoptosis and autophagy in K562/R cells. CONCLUSION Circ_0009910 accelerated imatinib-resistance in CML cells by modulating ULK1-induced autophagy via targeting miR-34a-5p, providing a potential target in imatinib resistance of CML.
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