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Wang Y, Deng T, Liu X, Fang X, Mo Y, Xie N, Nie G, Zhang B, Fan X. Smart Nanoplatforms Responding to the Tumor Microenvironment for Precise Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6253-6277. [PMID: 38911497 PMCID: PMC11193972 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s459710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic entity, comprising stromal cells, immune cells, blood vessels and extracellular matrix, which is intimately associated with the occurrence and development of cancers, as well as their therapy. Utilizing the shared characteristics of tumors, such as an acidic environment, enzymes and hypoxia, researchers have developed a promising cancer therapy strategy known as responsive release of nano-loaded drugs, specifically targeted at tumor tissues or cells. In this comprehensive review, we provide an in-depth overview of the current fundamentals and state-of-the-art intelligent strategies of TME-responsive nanoplatforms, which include acidic pH, high GSH levels, high-level adenosine triphosphate, overexpressed enzymes, hypoxia and reductive environment. Additionally, we showcase the latest advancements in TME-responsive nanoparticles. In conclusion, we thoroughly examine the immediate challenges and prospects of TME-responsive nanopharmaceuticals, with the expectation that the progress of these targeted nanoformulations will enable the exploitation, overcoming or modulation of the TME, ultimately leading to significantly more effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueyang Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongpan Mo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ni Xie
- The Bio-Bank of Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohui Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- The Bio-Bank of Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, People’s Republic of China
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Deskeuvre M, Lan J, Messens J, Riant O, Feron O, Frédérick R. A novel approach to pH-Responsive targeted cancer Therapy: Inhibition of FaDu cancer cell proliferation with a pH low insertion Peptide-Conjugated DGAT1 inhibitor. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124132. [PMID: 38641019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Targeting enzymes involved in lipid metabolism is increasingly recognized as a promising anticancer strategy. Efficient inhibition of diacylglycerol O-transferase 1 (DGAT1) can block fatty acid (FA) storage. This, in turn, triggers an increase in free polyunsaturated FA concentration, leading to peroxidation and ferroptosis. In this study, we report the development of a pH-sensitive peptide (pHLIP)-drug conjugate designed to selectively deliver DGAT1 inhibitors to cancer cells nested within the acidic microenvironment of tumors. We utilized two previously established pHLIP sequences for coupling with drugs. The study of DGAT1 conjugates in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of different compositions did not reveal enhanced pH-dependent insertion compared to POPC LUVs. However, using in vitro 3D tumor spheroids, significant antiproliferative effects were observed upon exposure to pHLIP-T863 (DGAT1 inhibitor) conjugates, surpassing the inhibitory activity of T863 alone. In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence that pHLIP-based conjugates with DGAT1 inhibitors have the potential to specifically target the acidic compartment of tumors. Moreover, it sheds light on the limitations of LUV models in capturing the pH-dependency of such conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Deskeuvre
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Medicinal Chemistry Research Group (CMFA), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 73 Avenue Emmanuel Mounier, B-1200 Brussel, Belgium; Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.57.04, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Junjie Lan
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, MOST Division, Place Louis Pasteur, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, MOST Division, Place Louis Pasteur, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.57.04, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO) Department, WEL Research Institute, B-1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Frédérick
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Medicinal Chemistry Research Group (CMFA), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 73 Avenue Emmanuel Mounier, B-1200 Brussel, Belgium.
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Yamasaki T, Mori W, Ohkubo T, Hiraishi A, Zhang Y, Kurihara Y, Nengaki N, Tashima H, Fujinaga M, Zhang MR. Potential for in vivo visualization of intracellular pH gradient in the brain using PET imaging. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae172. [PMID: 38863573 PMCID: PMC11166174 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pH is a valuable index for predicting neuronal damage and injury. However, no PET probe is currently available for monitoring intracellular pH in vivo. In this study, we developed a new approach for visualizing the hydrolysis rate of monoacylglycerol lipase, which is widely distributed in neurons and astrocytes throughout the brain. This approach uses PET with the new radioprobe [11C]QST-0837 (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl-3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)azetidine-1-[11C]carboxylate), a covalent inhibitor containing an azetidine carbamate skeleton for monoacylglycerol lipase. The uptake and residence of this new radioprobe depends on the intracellular pH gradient, and we evaluated this with in silico, in vitro and in vivo assessments. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted that because the azetidine carbamate moiety is close to that of water molecules, the compound containing azetidine carbamate would be more easily hydrolyzed following binding to monoacylglycerol lipase than would its analogue containing a piperidine carbamate skeleton. Interestingly, it was difficult for monoacylglycerol lipase to hydrolyze the azetidine carbamate compound under weakly acidic (pH 6) conditions because of a change in the interactions with water molecules on the carbamate moiety of their complex. Subsequently, an in vitro assessment using rat brain homogenate to confirm the molecular dynamics simulation-predicted behaviour of the azetidine carbamate compound showed that [11C]QST-0837 reacted with monoacylglycerol lipase to yield an [11C]complex, which was hydrolyzed to liberate 11CO2 as a final product. Additionally, the 11CO2 liberation rate was slower at lower pH. Finally, to indicate the feasibility of estimating how the hydrolysis rate depends on intracellular pH in vivo, we performed a PET study with [11C]QST-0837 using ischaemic rats. In our proposed in vivo compartment model, the clearance rate of radioactivity from the brain reflected the rate of [11C]QST-0837 hydrolysis (clearance through the production of 11CO2) in the brain, which was lower in a remarkably hypoxic area than in the contralateral region. In conclusion, we indicated the potential for visualization of the intracellular pH gradient in the brain using PET imaging, although some limitations remain. This approach should permit further elucidation of the pathological mechanisms involved under acidic conditions in multiple CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohkubo
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- SHI Accelerator Service Co. Ltd., Tokyo 141-0031, Japan
| | - Atsuto Hiraishi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- SHI Accelerator Service Co. Ltd., Tokyo 141-0031, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- SHI Accelerator Service Co. Ltd., Tokyo 141-0031, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tashima
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Hu S, Li X, Gong T, Tian G, Guo S, Huo C, Wan J, Liu R. New mechanistic insights into halogen-dependent cytotoxic pattern of monohaloacetamide disinfection byproducts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133132. [PMID: 38056269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
As highly toxic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (DBPs), monohaloacetamides (monoHAcAms) generally exhibited a cytotoxic rank order of iodoacetamide ˃ bromoacetamide ˃ chloroacetamide. However, the mechanisms underlying the halogen-dependent cytotoxic pattern remain largely veiled as yet. In this work, oxidative stress/damage levels in monoHAcAm-treated Chinese hamster ovary cells were thoroughly analyzed, and binding interactions between monoHAcAms and antioxidative enzyme Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) were investigated by multiple spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking. Upon exposure to monoHAcAms, the intracellular levels of key biomarkers associated with oxidative stress/damage, including reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, cell apoptosis, and G1 cell cycle arrest, were all significantly increased in a dose-response manner with the same halogen-dependent rank order as their cytotoxicity. Moreover, this rank order was also determined to be applicable to the monoHAcAm-induced alterations in the conformation, secondary structure, and activity of Cu/Zn-SOD, the microenvironment surrounding aromatic amino acid residues in Cu/Zn-SOD, as well as the predicted binding energy of SOD-monoHAcAm interactions. Our results revealed that the halogen-dependent cytotoxic pattern of monoHAcAms was attributed to their differential capacity to induce oxidative stress/damage and their interaction with antioxidative enzyme, which contribute to a better understanding of the halogenated DBP-induced toxicological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Guang Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuqi Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chengqian Huo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jingqiang Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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5
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Wachira FW, Githirwa DC, McPartlon T, Nazarenko V, Gonzales JJC, Gazura MM, Leen C, Clary HR, Alston C, Klees LM, Yao L, An M. D-to-E and T19V Variants of the pH-Low Insertion Peptide and Their Doxorubicin Conjugates Interact with Membrane at Higher pH Ranges Than WT. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2997-3011. [PMID: 37793002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
To improve targeted cargo delivery to cancer cells, pH-Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) variants were developed to interact with the membrane at pH values higher than those of the WT. The Asp-to-Glu variants aim to increase side chain pKa without disturbing the sequence of protonations that underpin membrane insertion. The Thr19 variants represent efforts to perturb the critical Pro20 residue. To study the effect of cargo on pHLIP insertion, doxorubicin (Dox), a fluorescent antineoplastic drug, was conjugated to selected variants near the inserting C-terminus. Variants and conjugates were characterized on a POPC membrane using Trp and Dox fluorescence methods to define the entire pH range of insertion (pHinitial-pHfinal). Compared to WT with a pHi-pHf range of 6.7-5.6, D25E-D31E-D33E, D14E-D25E-D31E-D33E, and T19V-D25E variants demonstrated higher pHi-pHf ranges of 7.3-6.1, 7.3-6.3, and 8.2-5.4, respectively. The addition of Dox expanded the pHi-pHf range, mainly by shifting pHi to higher pH values (e.g., WT pHLIP-Dox has a pHi-pHf range of 7.7-5.2). Despite the low Hill coefficient observed for the conjugates, D14E-D25E-D31E-D33E pHLIP-Dox completed insertion by a pHf of 5.7. However, the Dox cargo remained in the hydrophobic membrane interior after pHLIP insertion, which may impede drug release. Finally, a logistic function can describe pHLIP insertion as a peripheral-to-TM (start-to-finish) two-state transition; wherever possible, we discuss data deviating from such sigmoidal fitting in support of the idea that pH-specific intermediate states distinct from the initial peripheral state and the final TM state exist at intervening pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith W Wachira
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Dancan C Githirwa
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Thomas McPartlon
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Vladyslav Nazarenko
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jerel J C Gonzales
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Makenzie M Gazura
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Caitlin Leen
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Hannah R Clary
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Claire Alston
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Lukas M Klees
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
- Department of Physics, SUNY, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Ming An
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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Breusa S, Zilio S, Catania G, Bakrin N, Kryza D, Lollo G. Localized chemotherapy approaches and advanced drug delivery strategies: a step forward in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1125868. [PMID: 37287910 PMCID: PMC10242058 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1125868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a common outcome of epithelial ovarian carcinoma and is the leading cause of death for these patients. Tumor location, extent, peculiarities of the microenvironment, and the development of drug resistance are the main challenges that need to be addressed to improve therapeutic outcome. The development of new procedures such as HIPEC (Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy) and PIPAC (Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy) have enabled locoregional delivery of chemotherapeutics, while the increasingly efficient design and development of advanced drug delivery micro and nanosystems are helping to promote tumor targeting and penetration and to reduce the side effects associated with systemic chemotherapy administration. The possibility of combining drug-loaded carriers with delivery via HIPEC and PIPAC represents a powerful tool to improve treatment efficacy, and this possibility has recently begun to be explored. This review will discuss the latest advances in the treatment of PC derived from ovarian cancer, with a focus on the potential of PIPAC and nanoparticles in terms of their application to develop new therapeutic strategies and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Breusa
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAGEPP Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5007, Villeurbanne, France
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Institut national de santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1052-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité Mixte de Recherche (CNRS UMR)5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Serena Zilio
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAGEPP Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5007, Villeurbanne, France
- Sociétés d'Accélération du Transfert de Technologies (SATT) Ouest Valorisation, Rennes, France
| | - Giuseppina Catania
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAGEPP Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5007, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Naoual Bakrin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
- Centre pour l'Innovation en Cancérologie de Lyon (CICLY), Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - David Kryza
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAGEPP Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5007, Villeurbanne, France
- Imthernat Plateform, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Giovanna Lollo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAGEPP Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5007, Villeurbanne, France
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Multiplexed Imaging Reveals the Spatial Relationship of the Extracellular Acidity-Targeting pHLIP with Necrosis, Hypoxia, and the Integrin-Targeting cRGD Peptide. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213499. [DOI: 10.3390/cells11213499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIPs) have been developed for cancer imaging and therapy targeting the acidic extracellular microenvironment. However, the characteristics of intratumoral distribution (ITD) of pHLIPs are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to reveal the details of the ITD of pHLIPs and their spatial relationship with other tumor features of concern. The fluorescent dye-labeled pHLIPs were intravenously administered to subcutaneous xenograft mouse models of U87MG and IGR-OV1 expressing αVβ3 integrins (using large necrotic tumors). The αVβ3 integrin-targeting Cy5.5-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 was used as a reference. In vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging, whole-tumor section imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and multiplexed fluorescence colocalization analysis were performed. The ITD of fluorescent dye-labeled pHLIPs was heterogeneous, having a high degree of colocalization with necrosis. A direct one-to-one comparison of highly magnified images revealed the cellular localization of pHLIP in pyknotic, karyorrhexis, and karyolytic necrotic cells. pHLIP and hypoxia were spatially contiguous but not overlapping cellularly. The hypoxic region was found between the ITDs of pHLIP and the cRGD peptide and the Ki-67 proliferative activity remained detectable in the pHLIP-accumulated regions. The results provide a better understanding of the characteristics of ITD of pHLIPs, leading to new insights into the theranostic applications of pHLIPs.
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Vaneev AN, Timoshenko RV, Gorelkin PV, Klyachko NL, Korchev YE, Erofeev AS. Nano- and Microsensors for In Vivo Real-Time Electrochemical Analysis: Present and Future Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213736. [PMID: 36364512 PMCID: PMC9656311 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical nano- and microsensors have been a useful tool for measuring different analytes because of their small size, sensitivity, and favorable electrochemical properties. Using such sensors, it is possible to study physiological mechanisms at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels and determine the state of health and diseases. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the application of electrochemical sensors for measuring neurotransmitters, oxygen, ascorbate, drugs, pH values, and other analytes in vivo. The evolution of electrochemical sensors is discussed, with a particular focus on the development of significant fabrication schemes. Finally, we highlight the extensive applications of electrochemical sensors in medicine and biological science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Vaneev
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V. Timoshenko
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr V. Gorelkin
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia L. Klyachko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri E. Korchev
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander S. Erofeev
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Moshnikova A, DuPont M, Visca H, Engelman DM, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK. Eradication of tumors and development of anti-cancer immunity using STINGa targeted by pHLIP. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023959. [PMID: 36330464 PMCID: PMC9622777 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the development of novel STING agonists (STINGa), applications appear to be challenged by the low efficiency and poor selectivity of these agents. A pH Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) extends the lifetime of a STINGa in the blood and targets it to acidic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid derived suppressor cells (mMDSCs) and dendritic cells (DCs). CAFs constitute 25% of all live cells within CT26 tumors, and M2-type TAMs and mMDSCs are the most abundant among the immune cells. The resulting activation of cytokines within the tumor microenvironment (TME) triggers the eradication of small (100 mm3) and large (400-700 mm3) CT26 tumors in mice after a single dose of pHLIP-STINGa. The tumor stroma was destroyed (the number of CAFs was reduced by 98%), intratumoral hemorrhage developed, and the level of acidity within the TME was reduced. Further, no tumors developed in 20 out of 25 tumor-free mice re-challenged by an additional injection of cancer cells. The therapeutic effect on CT26 tumors was insignificant in nude mice, lacking T-cells. Thus, targeted delivery of STINGa to tumor stroma and TAMs induces activation of signaling, potentially resulting in the recruitment and infiltration of T-cells, which gain access to the tumor core. The cytotoxic activity of T-cells is not impaired by an acidic environment and immune memory is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Moshnikova
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Michael DuPont
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Hannah Visca
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Donald M. Engelman
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Oleg A. Andreev
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Yana K. Reshetnyak
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Yana K. Reshetnyak,
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Bauer D, Visca H, Weerakkody A, Carter LM, Samuels Z, Kaminsky S, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Lewis JS. PET Imaging of Acidic Tumor Environment With 89Zr-labeled pHLIP Probes. Front Oncol 2022; 12:882541. [PMID: 35664740 PMCID: PMC9160799 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.882541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidosis of the tumor microenvironment is a hallmark of tumor progression and has emerged as an essential biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of treatment response. A tool for quantitatively visualizing the acidic tumor environment could significantly advance our understanding of the behavior of aggressive tumors, improving patient management and outcomes. 89Zr-labeled pH-low insertion peptides (pHLIP) are a class of radiopharmaceutical imaging probes for the in vivo analysis of acidic tumor microenvironments via positron emission tomography (PET). Their unique structure allows them to sense and target acidic cancer cells. In contrast to traditional molecular imaging agents, pHLIP’s mechanism of action is pH-dependent and does not rely on the presence of tumor-specific molecular markers. In this study, one promising acidity-imaging PET probe ([89Zr]Zr-DFO-Cys-Var3) was identified as a candidate for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bauer
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hannah Visca
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Anuradha Weerakkody
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Lukas M. Carter
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zachary Samuels
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Spencer Kaminsky
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Oleg A. Andreev
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Yana K. Reshetnyak
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jason S. Lewis,
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11
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Wu AM. Imaging the host response to cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Xiao Y, Gateau J, Silva AKA, Shi X, Gazeau F, Mangeney C, Luo Y. Hybrid nano‐ and microgels doped with photoacoustic contrast agents for cancer theranostics. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- LCBPT CNRS UMR 8601 Université de Paris Paris France
| | - Jérôme Gateau
- CNRS INSERM Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | | | - Xiangyang Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai P. R. China
| | | | | | - Yun Luo
- LCBPT CNRS UMR 8601 Université de Paris Paris France
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Otieno SA, Qiang W. Roles of key residues and lipid dynamics reveal pHLIP-membrane interactions at intermediate pH. Biophys J 2021; 120:4649-4662. [PMID: 34624273 PMCID: PMC8595900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP) and its analogs sense the microenvironmental pH variations in tumorous cells and serve as useful anticancer drug deliveries. The pHLIP binds peripherally to membranes and adopts random coil conformation at the physiological pH. The peptide switches from random coil to α-helical conformation and inserts unidirectionally into membrane bilayers when pH drops below a critical transition value that has been routinely determined by the Trp fluorescence spectroscopy. Recent high-resolution studies using solid-state NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of thermodynamically stable intermediate states of membrane-associated pHLIP around the fluorescence-based transition pH-value. However, the molecular structural features and their mechanistic roles of these intermediate states in the pH-driven membrane insertion process of pHLIP remain largely unknown. This work utilizes solid-state NMR spectroscopy to explore 1) the mechanistic roles of key proline and arginine residues within the pHLIP sequence at intermediate pH-values, and 2) the changes in lipid dynamics at intermediate pH-values in multiple types of model bilayers with anionic phospholipid and/or cholesterol. Our results demonstrate several molecular structural and dynamics changes at around the transition pH-values, including the isomerization of proline-threonine backbone configuration, breaking of arginine-aspartic acid salt bridge and the formation of arginine-lipid interactions, and a universal decreasing of dynamics in lipid headgroups and alkyl chains. Overall, the outcomes provide important insights on the molecular interactions between pHLIP and membrane bilayers at intermediate pH-values and, therefore, prompt the understanding of pH-driven membrane insertion process of this anticancer drug-delivering peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Otieno
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York
| | - Wei Qiang
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York.
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Lilburn DM, Groves AM. The role of PET in imaging of the tumour microenvironment and response to immunotherapy. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:784.e1-784.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Chen YH, Yu MM, Wang ZG. Inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation by pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP and SPECT imaging of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer-bearing nude mice using 125I-pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP. Nuklearmedizin 2021; 60:240-248. [PMID: 33759146 DOI: 10.1055/a-1307-1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To observe the effect of pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells and the small-animal single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of breast cancer-bearing mice carrying MDA-MB-231 cells. METHODS Peptide pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. The binding of fluorescently labeled pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP to MDA-MB-231 cells under various pH conditions and its effect on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation were analyzed. pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP was labeled with 125I, and the biological distribution of 125I-pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP in the breast cancer mouse model carrying MDA-MB-231 cells as well as the outcome of small-animal SPECT imaging were evaluated. RESULTS pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP was successfully synthesized. Under pH 6.0, fluorescently labeled pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP had a higher binding ability to MDA-MB-231 cells and significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. The labeling efficiency of pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP with 125I was 33.1 ± 2.7 %, and the radiochemical purity was 98.5 ± 1.8 %. 125I-pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP showed a high concentration in tumors. Small-animal SPECT imaging showed clearly visible tumors at 4 h after injection. CONCLUSIONS In the acidic environment, pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP can efficiently target MDA-MB-231 cells and inhibit their growth. Small-animal SPECT of 125I-pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP can clearly image tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hua Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Ming Yu
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Guang Wang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Felber VB, Valentin MA, Wester HJ. Design of PSMA ligands with modifications at the inhibitor part: an approach to reduce the salivary gland uptake of radiolabeled PSMA inhibitors? EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:10. [PMID: 33638060 PMCID: PMC7910394 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether modifications of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiolabeled urea-based inhibitors could reduce salivary gland uptake and thus improve tumor-to-salivary gland ratios, several analogs of a high affinity PSMA ligand were synthesized and evaluated in in vitro and in vivo studies. METHODS Binding motifs were synthesized 'on-resin' or, when not practicable, in solution. Peptide chain elongations were performed according to optimized standard protocols via solid-phase peptide synthesis. In vitro experiments were performed using PSMA+ LNCaP cells. In vivo studies as well as μSPECT/CT scans were conducted with male LNCaP tumor xenograft-bearing CB17-SCID mice. RESULTS PSMA ligands with A) modifications within the central Zn2+-binding unit, B) proinhibitor motifs and C) substituents & bioisosteres of the P1'-γ-carboxylic acid were synthesized and evaluated. Modifications within the central Zn2+-binding unit of PSMA-10 (Glu-urea-Glu) provided three compounds. Thereof, only natLu-carbamate I (natLu-3) exhibited high affinity (IC50 = 7.1 ± 0.7 nM), but low tumor uptake (5.31 ± 0.94% ID/g, 1 h p.i. and 1.20 ± 0.55% ID/g, 24 h p.i.). All proinhibitor motif-based ligands (three in total) exhibited low binding affinities (> 1 μM), no notable internalization and very low tumor uptake (< 0.50% ID/g). In addition, four compounds with P1'-ɣ-carboxylate substituents were developed and evaluated. Thereof, only tetrazole derivative natLu-11 revealed high affinity (IC50 = 16.4 ± 3.8 nM), but also this inhibitor showed low tumor uptake (3.40 ± 0.63% ID/g, 1 h p.i. and 0.68 ± 0.16% ID/g, 24 h p.i.). Salivary gland uptake in mice remained at an equally low level for all compounds (between 0.02 ± 0.00% ID/g and 0.09 ± 0.03% ID/g), wherefore apparent tumor-to-submandibular gland and tumor-to-parotid gland ratios for the modified peptides were distinctly lower (factor 8-45) than for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-10 at 24 h p.i. CONCLUSIONS The investigated compounds could not compete with the in vivo characteristics of the EuE-based PSMA inhibitor [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-10. Although two derivatives (3 and 11) were found to exhibit high affinities towards LNCaP cells, tumor uptake at 24 h p.i. was considerably low, while uptake in salivary glands remained unaffected. Optimization of the established animal model should be envisaged to enable a clear identification of PSMA-targeting radioligands with improved tumor-to-salivary gland ratios in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Barbara Felber
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Manuel Amando Valentin
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Walther-Meißner-Str. 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
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An Experimental Study on [ 125I]I-pHLIP (Var7) for SPECT/CT Imaging of an MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Mouse Model by Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Imaging 2021; 2021:5565932. [PMID: 33746628 PMCID: PMC7953584 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5565932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer with 125I-labeled pHLIP (Var7) by single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. Methods The binding fraction of [125I]I-pHLIP (Var7) and MDA-MB-231 cells was measured at pH 7.4 and pH 6.0, and tumor-bearing mice were subjected to small-animal SPECT/CT imaging studies. Results At pH = 6.0, the binding fractions of [125I]I-pHLIP (Var7) and MDA-MB-231 cells at 10 min, 40 min, 1 h, and 2 h were 1.9 ± 0.1%, 3.5 ± 0.1%, 6.3 ± 0.8%, and 6.6 ± 0.3%, respectively. At pH = 7.4, there was no measured binding between [125I]I-pHLIP (Var7) and MDA-MB-231 cells. Small-animal SPECT/CT imaging showed clearly visible tumors at 1 and 2 h after injection. Conclusions [125I]I-pHLIP (Var7) could bind to MDA-MB-231 cells in an acidic environment, and small-animal SPECT/CT imaging showed clear tumors at 1 and 2 h after probe injection.
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Tumor Microenvironment Biosensors for Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:323-334. [PMID: 33415679 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization (HP) of a carbon-13 molecule via dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) involves polarization at low temperature, followed by a dissolution procedure producing a solution with highly polarized spins at room temperature. This dissolution DNP method significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) over 10,000-fold and facilitates the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to image not only metabolism but also the extracellular microenvironment. The extracellular tumor microenvironment (TME) closely interacts with tumor cells and stimulates their growth and metastasis. Thus, the ability to detect pathological changes in the TME is pivotal for the detection and study of cancers. This review highlights the potential use of MRS to study features of the TME-elevated export of lactate, reduced interstitial pH, imbalanced redox equilibrium, and altered metal homeostasis. The promising outcomes of both in vitro and in vivo assays suggest that DNP-MRS may be a useful technique to study aspects of the TME. With continued improvements, this tool has the potential to study the TME and provide guidance for accurate patient stratification and precise personal therapy. Graphical Abstract.
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Pharmacokinetic modeling reveals parameters that govern tumor targeting and delivery by a pH-Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016605118. [PMID: 33443162 PMCID: PMC7817199 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016605118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors exhibit an acidic extracellular microenvironment that is accentuated at cell surfaces. As a result, they can be targeted by a pH-Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP), an acid-triggered tumor-targeting peptide that can also serve as a vehicle for drug delivery. In this work, we use a pharmacokinetic modeling approach to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms and factors that influence pHLIP tumor targeting and delivery, and also identify factors that do not. In so doing, we predict pHLIP phenotypes with significantly enhanced capabilities. The model may therefore be useful for guiding the future development of pHLIP variants. A pH-Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) is a pH-sensitive peptide that undergoes membrane insertion, resulting in transmembrane helix formation, on exposure to acidity at a tumor cell surface. As a result, pHLIPs preferentially accumulate within tumors and can be used for tumor-targeted imaging and drug delivery. Here we explore the determinants of pHLIP insertion, targeting, and delivery through a computational modeling approach. We generate a simple mathematical model to describe the transmembrane insertion process and then integrate it into a pharmacokinetic model, which predicts the tumor vs. normal tissue biodistribution of the most studied pHLIP, “wild-type pHLIP,” over time after a single intravenous injection. From these models, we gain insight into the various mechanisms behind pHLIP tumor targeting and delivery, as well as the various biological parameters that influence it. Furthermore, we analyze how changing the properties of pHLIP can influence the efficacy of tumor targeting and delivery, and we predict the properties for optimal pHLIP phenotypes that have superior tumor targeting and delivery capabilities compared with wild-type pHLIP.
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20
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pHLIP ICG for delineation of tumors and blood flow during fluorescence-guided surgery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18356. [PMID: 33110131 PMCID: PMC7591906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging has seen enduring use in blood flow visualization and is now finding a new range of applications in image-guided surgery. In this paper, we report a translational study of a new fluorescent agent for use in surgery, pHLIP ICG, where ICG (indocyanine green) is a surgical fluorescent dye used widely for imaging blood flow. We studied pHLIP ICG interaction with the cell membrane lipid bilayer, the pharmacology and toxicology in vitro and in vivo (mice and dogs), and the biodistribution and clearance of pHLIP ICG in mice. The pHLIP ICG tumor targeting and imaging efficacy studies were carried out in several murine and human mouse tumor models. Blood vessels were imaged in mice and pigs. Clinical Stryker imaging instruments for endoscopy and open surgery were used in the study. Intravenously administered pHLIP ICG exhibits a multi-hour circulation half-life, offering protracted delineation of vasculature. As it clears from the blood, pHLIP ICG targets tumors and tumor stroma, marking them for surgical removal. pHLIP ICG is non-toxic, marks blood flow for hours after injection, and effectively delineates tumors for improved resection on the day after administration.
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21
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Chaturvedi S, Hazari PP, Kaul A, Mishra AK. Microenvironment Stimulated Bioresponsive Small Molecule Carriers for Radiopharmaceuticals. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26297-26306. [PMID: 33110957 PMCID: PMC7581084 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread and successful use of radiopharmaceuticals in diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutic monitoring of cancer and other ailments has spawned significant literature. The transition from untargeted to targeted radiopharmaceuticals reflects the various stages of design and development. Targeted radiopharmaceuticals bind to specific biomarkers, get fixed, and highlight the disease site. A new subset of radioprobes, the bioresponsive radiopharmaceuticals, has been developed in recent years. These probes generally benefit from signal enhancement after undergoing molecular changes due to the fluctuations in the environment (pH, redox, or enzymatic activity) at the site of interest. This review presents a comprehensive overview of bioresponsive radioimaging probes covering the basis, application, and scope of development.
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Lee SH, Griffiths JR. How and Why Are Cancers Acidic? Carbonic Anhydrase IX and the Homeostatic Control of Tumour Extracellular pH. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061616. [PMID: 32570870 PMCID: PMC7352839 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidic tumour microenvironment is now recognized as a tumour phenotype that drives cancer somatic evolution and disease progression, causing cancer cells to become more invasive and to metastasise. This property of solid tumours reflects a complex interplay between cellular carbon metabolism and acid removal that is mediated by cell membrane carbonic anhydrases and various transport proteins, interstitial fluid buffering, and abnormal tumour-associated vessels. In the past two decades, a convergence of advances in the experimental and mathematical modelling of human cancers, as well as non-invasive pH-imaging techniques, has yielded new insights into the physiological mechanisms that govern tumour extracellular pH (pHe). In this review, we examine the mechanisms by which solid tumours maintain a low pHe, with a focus on carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a cancer-associated cell surface enzyme. We also review the accumulating evidence that suggest a role for CAIX as a biological pH-stat by which solid tumours stabilize their pHe. Finally, we highlight the prospects for the clinical translation of CAIX-targeted therapies in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Han Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Jalan Langgar, Alor Setar 05460, Kedah, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - John R. Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK;
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Ward C, Meehan J, Gray ME, Murray AF, Argyle DJ, Kunkler IH, Langdon SP. The impact of tumour pH on cancer progression: strategies for clinical intervention. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:71-100. [PMID: 36046070 PMCID: PMC9400736 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cellular pH is frequent in solid tumours and provides potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The acidic microenvironment within a tumour can promote migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. Pathways associated with the control of intracellular pH that are under consideration for intervention include carbonic anhydrase IX, the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT, MCT1 and MCT4), the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase proton pump, and the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. This review will describe progress in the development of inhibitors to these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ward
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Meehan
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Gray
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG Midlothian, UK
| | - Alan F Murray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, EH9 3JL Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG Midlothian, UK
| | - Ian H Kunkler
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon P Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
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Gao L, Lin X, Zheng A, Shuang E, Wang J, Chen X. Real-time monitoring of intracellular pH in live cells with fluorescent ionic liquid. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1111:132-138. [PMID: 32312389 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of intracellular pH is of great significance due to its essential role in physiological and pathological processes. In present work, the ionic liquid (IL) N-methyl-6-hydroxyquinolinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([6MQc][NTf2]) is proposed as a fluorescence probe for the quantitative imaging of intracellular pH in response to external stimuli. The fluorescence of the IL [6MQc][NTf2] exhibits a sensitive response to pH variations, as the deprotonation of [6MQc][NTf2] generates the highly fluorescent zwitterionic product [6MQz]. pH fluctuations in the range of 6.0-7.5 can be accurately sensed by monitoring the fluorescence change at 555 nm. Moreover, this IL probe exhibits favorable biocompatibility, excellent anti-photobleaching properties, and high tolerance to ionic strength. Using the IL probe, real-time sensing of hypoxia- and drug-induced intracellular pH changes in MCF-7 cells is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Anqi Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - E Shuang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of measuring extracellular pH in cartilage and meniscus using acidoCEST technique with a 3-dimensional ultrashort echo time readout (acidoCEST-UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry, radiofrequency (RF) power mismatch, and relative saturation transfer were evaluated in liquid phantoms for iopromide, iopamidol, and iohexol over a pH range of 6.2 to 7.8, at various agent concentrations, temperatures, and buffer concentrations. Tissue phantoms containing cartilage and meniscus were evaluated with the same considerations for iopamidol and iohexol. Phantoms were imaged with the acidoCEST-UTE MRI sequence at 3 T. Correlation coefficients and coefficients of variations were calculated. Paired Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to evaluate for statistically significant differences. RESULTS The RF power mismatch and relative saturation transfer analyses of liquid phantoms showed iopamidol and iohexol to be the most promising agents for this study. Both these agents appeared to be concentration independent and feasible for use with or without buffer and at physiologic temperature over a pH range of 6.2 to 7.8. Ultimately, RF power mismatch fitting of iohexol showed the strongest correlation coefficients between cartilage, meniscus, and fluid. In addition, ratiometric values for iohexol are similar among liquid as well as different tissue types. CONCLUSIONS Measuring extracellular pH in cartilage and meniscus using acidoCEST-UTE MRI is feasible.
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Anemone A, Consolino L, Arena F, Capozza M, Longo DL. Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:25-49. [PMID: 30762162 PMCID: PMC6647493 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by a metabolic shift in cellular energy production, orchestrated by the transcription factor HIF-1α, from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to increased glycolysis, regardless of oxygen availability (Warburg effect). The constitutive upregulation of glycolysis leads to an overproduction of acidic metabolic products, resulting in enhanced acidification of the extracellular pH (pHe ~ 6.5), which is a salient feature of the tumor microenvironment. Despite the importance of pH and tumor acidosis, there is currently no established clinical tool available to image the spatial distribution of tumor pHe. The purpose of this review is to describe various imaging modalities for measuring intracellular and extracellular tumor pH. For each technique, we will discuss main advantages and limitations, pH accuracy and sensitivity of the applied pH-responsive probes and potential translatability to the clinic. Particular attention is devoted to methods that can provide pH measurements at high spatial resolution useful to address the task of tumor heterogeneity and to studies that explored tumor pH imaging for assessing treatment response to anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annasofia Anemone
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Arena
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.,Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ribes 5, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Martina Capozza
- Center for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ribes 5, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy. .,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.
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Yu M, Chen Y, Wang Z, Ding X. pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP suppresses tumor cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer by targeting protease activated receptor 1. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 180:379-384. [PMID: 32034579 PMCID: PMC7066270 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is a signaling protein ubiquitously present on the surface of tumor cells, and its homologous protein fragment, PAR1-activating peptide (P1AP), can inhibit protein signal transduction of PAR1/G in tumor cells. pH (Low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) can target the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) and can be used as an excellent carrier to deliver P1AP to tumor cells for therapeutic purposes. METHODS PAR1 expression on the surface of MDA-MB-231 cells and human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells was observed. The binding between fluorescent-labeled pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP and MDA-MB-231 cells under different pH values was analyzed. The effect of pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells was analyzed under the conditions of pH 7.4 and 6.0. RESULTS PAR1 was highly expressed on the surface of MDA-MB-231 cells. In an acidic environment (pH 6.0 and 5.0), fluorescent-labeled pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP and MDA-MB-231 cells had a high binding ability, and the binding ability increased with the decrease in pH. In an acidic environment (pH 6.0), pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. With 0.5 μg, 1 μg, 2 μg, 4 μg, and 8 μg of pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP, the cell proliferation inhibition rates were 3.39%, 5.27%, 14.29%, 22.14%, and 35.69%, respectively. CONCLUSION PAR1 was highly expressed on the surface of MDA-MB-231 cells. pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP can effectively target MDA-MB-231 cells in an acidic environment and inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the signal transduction of PAR1/G protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingMing Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Rd., Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - YueHua Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - ZhenGuang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Rd., Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - XiaoDong Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Peng Y, Bariwal J, Kumar V, Tan C, Mahato RI. Organic Nanocarriers for Delivery and Targeting of Therapeutic Agents for Cancer Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug DeliveryUniversity of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Ram I. Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
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Svoronos AA, Bahal R, Pereira MC, Barrera FN, Deacon JC, Bosenberg M, DiMaio D, Glazer PM, Engelman DM. Tumor-Targeted, Cytoplasmic Delivery of Large, Polar Molecules Using a pH-Low Insertion Peptide. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:461-471. [PMID: 31855437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted drug delivery systems offer not only the advantage of an enhanced therapeutic index, but also the possibility of overcoming the limitations that have largely restricted drug design to small, hydrophobic, "drug-like" molecules. Here, we explore the ability of a tumor-targeted delivery system centered on the use of a pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP) to directly deliver moderately polar, multi-kDa molecules into tumor cells. A pHLIP is a short, pH-responsive peptide capable of inserting across a cell membrane to form a transmembrane helix at acidic pH. pHLIPs target the acidic tumor microenvironment with high specificity, and a drug attached to the inserting end of a pHLIP can be translocated across the cell membrane during the insertion process. We investigate the ability of wildtype pHLIP to deliver peptide nucleic acid (PNA) cargoes of varying sizes across lipid membranes. We find that pHLIP effectively delivers PNAs up to ∼7 kDa into cells in a pH-dependent manner. In addition, pHLIP retains its tumor-targeting capabilities when linked to cargoes of this size, although the amount delivered is reduced for PNA cargoes greater than ∼6 kDa. As drug-like molecules are traditionally restricted to sizes of ∼500 Da, this constitutes an order-of-magnitude expansion in the size range of deliverable drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raman Bahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - Mohan C Pereira
- Department of Science & Mathematics , Cedarville University , Cedarville , Ohio 45314 , United States
| | - Francisco N Barrera
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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Liu L, You Y, Zhou K, Guo B, Cao Z, Zhao Y, Wu H. A Dual‐Response DNA Probe for Simultaneously Monitoring Enzymatic Activity and Environmental pH Using a Nanopore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14929-14934. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials &, Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yi You
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/nano Bio-sensing, and Food Safety Inspection Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Bingyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/nano Bio-sensing, and Food Safety Inspection Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials &, Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hai‐Chen Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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32
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Liu L, You Y, Zhou K, Guo B, Cao Z, Zhao Y, Wu H. A Dual‐Response DNA Probe for Simultaneously Monitoring Enzymatic Activity and Environmental pH Using a Nanopore. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials &, Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yi You
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/nano Bio-sensing, and Food Safety Inspection Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Bingyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/nano Bio-sensing, and Food Safety Inspection Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials &, Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hai‐Chen Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Wang L, Shi C, Wang X, Guo D, Duncan TM, Luo J. Zwitterionic Janus Dendrimer with distinct functional disparity for enhanced protein delivery. Biomaterials 2019; 215:119233. [PMID: 31176068 PMCID: PMC6585461 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a facile protein delivery vehicle is challenging and remains an unmet demand for clinical applications. The well-defined structure and functionality of a nanocarrier are highly desirable for the reproducibility and regulatory compliance. Herein, we report for the first time a novel Janus dendrimer (JD) system, comprised of two distinct dendrons with superior protein binding and protein repelling properties, respectively, for efficient spontaneous protein loading and enhanced in vivo protein delivery. Core-forming dendron is tethered with a combination of charged and hydrophobic moieties, which coat protein surface efficiently via the multivalent and synergistic interactions. Zwitterionic peripheries on the counter dendron endow the nanoparticle (<20 nm) with a highly hydrophilic and antifouling surface, which efficiently prevents serum protein adsorption and exchange as demonstrated in biolayer interferometry assay, therefore, reducing premature protein release. Surprisingly, JD nanocarriers containing biomimicking glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) surface significantly enhanced the intracellular uptake of protein therapeutics specifically in cancer cells, compared with zwitterionic carboxybetain (CB)-JD and PEGylated nanocarriers. The zwitterionic JD nanocarriers greatly prolonged the in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles of payloads relative to the PEGylated nanocarriers. Janus nanocarrier controlled the in vivo release of insulin and improved the blood sugar control in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States
| | - Changying Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States; National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States
| | - Thomas M Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States; Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States; Upstate Cancer Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States.
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34
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Xie M, Li F, Gu P, Wang F, Qu Z, Li J, Wang L, Zuo X, Zhang X, Shen J. Gold nanoflower-based surface-enhanced Raman probes for pH mapping of tumor cell microenviroment. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12618. [PMID: 31033056 PMCID: PMC6669020 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early diagnosis of tumour cells is critically important for cancer treatment. Given that the tumour environment is slightly acidic, the pH value of the cell environment can be used as a criterion for tumour diagnosis. However, mapping pH in the cell environment with high resolution, high sensitivity and accuracy remains challenging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on gold nanoflower as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate loading with p-mercaptobenzoic acid (MPA) as pH-responsive Raman reporter, a new SERS nanoprobe for pH mapping was developed. RESULTS This probe showed a characteristic Raman spectrum signal in response to the different pH in solutions or cells. The signal intensity is positively correlated to the pH value. Moreover, this probe is self-correctable, which can help eliminate the influence of probe concentration on the accuracy of pH measuring. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the pH mapping of cell environment using the probe, which can be used to distinguish normal cells and tumour cells. This method may provide a new imaging tool for early diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peilin Gu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fei Wang
- Joint Research Center for Precision MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Zhibei Qu
- Joint Research Center for Precision MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Jiang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Joint Research Center for Precision MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Jianlei Shen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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PET imaging of occult tumours by temporal integration of tumour-acidosis signals from pH-sensitive 64Cu-labelled polymers. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 4:314-324. [PMID: 31235828 PMCID: PMC6928453 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the diversity of cancer types and the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of tumour signals, high-resolution imaging of occult malignancy is challenging. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography allows for near-universal cancer detection, yet in many clinical scenarios it is hampered by false positives. Here, we report a method for the amplification of imaging contrast in tumours via the temporal integration of the imaging signals triggered by tumour acidosis. This method exploits the catastrophic disassembly, at the acidic pH of the tumour milieu, of pH-sensitive positron-emitting neutral copolymer micelles into polycationic polymers, which are then internalized and retained by the cancer cells. Positron emission tomography imaging of the 64Cu-labelled polymers detected small occult tumours (10-20 mm3) in the brain, head, neck and breast of mice at much higher contrast than 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 11C-methionine and pH-insensitive 64Cu-labelled nanoparticles. We also show that the pH-sensitive probes reduce false positive detection rates in a mouse model of non-cancerous lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. This macromolecular strategy for integrating tumour acidosis should enable improved cancer detection, surveillance and staging.
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36
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Kalmouni M, Al-Hosani S, Magzoub M. Cancer targeting peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2171-2183. [PMID: 30877335 PMCID: PMC11105397 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite continuing advances in the development of biomacromolecules for therapeutic purposes, successful application of these often large and hydrophilic molecules has been hindered by their inability to efficiently traverse the cellular plasma membrane. In recent years, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have received considerable attention as a promising class of delivery vectors due to their ability to mediate the efficient import of a large number of cargoes in vitro and in vivo. However, the lack of target specificity of CPPs remains a major obstacle to their clinical development. To address this issue, researchers have developed strategies in which chemotherapeutic drugs are conjugated to cancer targeting peptides (CTPs) that exploit the unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment or cancer cells, thereby improving cancer cell specificity. This review highlights several of these strategies that are currently in use, and discusses how multi-component nanoparticles conjugated to CTPs can be designed to provide a more efficient cancer therapeutic delivery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kalmouni
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumaya Al-Hosani
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazin Magzoub
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Site-Specific Peptide Probes Detect Buried Water in a Lipid Membrane. Biophys J 2019; 116:1692-1700. [PMID: 31000156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane peptides contain polar residues in the interior of the membrane, which may alter the electrostatic environment and favor hydration in the otherwise nonpolar environment of the membrane core. Here, we demonstrate a general, nonperturbative strategy to probe hydration of the peptide backbone at specific depths within the bilayer using a combination of site-specific isotope labels, ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, and spectral modeling based on molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that the amphiphilic pH-low insertion peptide supports a highly heterogeneous environment, with significant backbone hydration of nonpolar residues neighboring charged residues. For example, a leucine residue located as far as 1 nm into the hydrophobic bulk reports hydrogen-bonded populations as high as ∼20%. These findings indicate that the polar nature of these residues may facilitate the transport of water molecules into the hydrophobic core of the membrane.
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38
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Ji T, Lang J, Ning B, Qi F, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhao R, Yang X, Zhang L, Li W, Shi X, Qin Z, Zhao Y, Nie G. Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy by Rationally Assembling Fc Fragments of Antibodies onto Tumor Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804395. [PMID: 30549110 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have exploited the efficient potential of natural killer (NK) cells to kill tumor cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, this therapeutic strategy is seriously limited by tumor antigen heterogeneity since antibodies can only recognize specific antigens. In this work, modified antibodies or their Fc fragments that can target solid tumors without the necessity of specific antigen presentation on tumors are developed. Briefly, Fc fragments or therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are conjugated with the N-terminus of pH low insertion peptide so that they will selectively assemble onto the membrane of solid tumor cells via the conformational transformation of the peptide by responding to the acidic tumor microenvironment. The inserted Fc fragments or antibodies can efficiently activate NK cells, initiating ADCC and killing multiple types of tumor cells, including antigen-negative cancer cells. In vivo therapeutic results also exhibit significant efficacy on both primary solid tumors and tumor metastasis. These modified Fc fragments and antibodies present strong potential to overcome the limitation of tumor antigen heterogeneity, broadening the applications of NK cell immunotherapy on solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiayan Lang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research/Sino-Danish College of UCAS, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Feifei Qi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruifang Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
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Glycosylamines-based reactive matrix designed for imaging acidity in Ponkan fruit using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1041:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Xu M, Ma X, Wei T, Lu ZX, Ren B. In Situ Imaging of Live-Cell Extracellular pH during Cell Apoptosis with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13922-13928. [PMID: 30394732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular pH (pHe) is an important regulating factor that determines many cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In our previous work, we developed 4-MPy (4-mercaptopyridine) modified Au nanoparticles as intracellular pH sensors based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We herein modified a Au-nanoparticle-assembled solid SERS substrate with 4-MPy molecules for in situ pHe sensing during apoptosis. We found a more acidic extracellular environment of cancer cells than that of normal cells from the pH imaging. We then in situ investigated the temporal and spatial evolution of pHe of cancer cells after addition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The pHe showed a fast decrease at the beginning, followed by a slow decrease until the complete loss of cellular functions, and the pH values in and out of the cells became similar. This work shows that our SERS substrate combined with an in situ cell culture system is well suitable for in situ pHe sensing during cell processes and will be a promising technique for understanding more pHe-related biological and pathological issues.
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41
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Sun A, Tang X, Nie D, Fan Y, Tang G. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Lesions pH Using 11C-Labeled Bicarbonate. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 33:285-294. [PMID: 30004244 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As acid-base imbalance is involved in many pathological processes, the capability to image tissue pH alterations in the clinic could offer new ways to detect disease and respond to treatment. In this study, the authors show that tissue pH can be imaged in vivo with 11C-labeled bicarbonate (H11CO3-) buffer and positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS H11CO3- was produced by on-column NaOH adsorption. Biodistribution of H11CO3- in normal mice was determined. In addition, uptake studies and inhibition experiments of H11CO3- in the S180 fibrosarcoma-bearing mice and the inflammatory mice were investigated with PET imaging. The tumor and inflammatory interstitial pH was measured by a needle pH microelectrode. RESULTS PET imaging demonstrated the high uptake of H11CO3- in mice tumor tissues and inflammatory tissues, which showed that the average tumor or inflammatory interstitial pH was significantly lower than the surrounding tissue. Administration of sodium bicarbonate in the drinking water increased the measured tumor pH, while the uptake of H11CO3- in mice model tissues had no change. Similarly, administration with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) decreased the pH, whereas the unchanged uptake of H11CO3- in mice model tissues was also found. However, after administration of acetazolamide, the low uptake of H11CO3- in mice model tissues was observed. CONCLUSIONS H11CO3- solution is an endogenous bicarbonate buffer tracer that can be injected into patients without toxicity. H11CO3- PET can be used clinically to image pathological processes that are associated with acid-base imbalance, such as cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Sun
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, SunYat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Tang
- 2 College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Dahong Nie
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, SunYat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Fan
- 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital , Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, SunYat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Huang G, Gao J. pH-responsive Drug Delivery Systems. STIMULI-RESPONSIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013536-00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acidic microenvironments exist in selected organs, tissues, and subcellular compartments, as well as in many dysregulated pathological states. A continuous effort has been made to harness the unique acidic properties of biological tissues for site-specific delivery of drugs. Various pH-responsive drug delivery systems have been designed and developed with improved spatio-temporal control of payload delivery with enhanced efficacy. This chapter will focus on the recent advances in the development of pH-sensitive materials, mechanisms of payload release, and pH-triggered drug targeting in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas TX 75390 USA
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43
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Extracellular pH is a biomarker enabling detection of breast cancer and liver cancer using CEST MRI. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45759-45767. [PMID: 28501855 PMCID: PMC5542224 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular pH (pHe) decrease is associated with tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance, which can be detected by chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we demonstrated that ioversol CEST MRI can be exploited to achieve pHe mapping of the liver cancer microenvironment. In in vitro studies, we firstly explored whether ioversol signal is pH-dependent, and calculated the function equation between the CEST effects of ioversol and pH values, in the range of 6.0 to 7.8, by a ratiometric method. Then we verified the feasibility of this technique and the equation in vivo by applying pHe imaging in an MMTV-Erbb2 transgenic mouse breast cancer model, which is often used in CEST pHe studies. Furthermore, in vivo ioversol CEST MRI, we were able to map relative pHe and differentiate between tumor and normal tissue in a McA-RH7777 rat hepatoma model. This suggests pHe may be a useful biomarker for human liver cancer.
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44
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Chandra A, Singh N. Cell Microenvironment pH Sensing in 3D Microgels Using Fluorescent Carbon Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3620-3627. [PMID: 33445396 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here a 3D cell culture microgel-based system containing carbon dots capable of sensing the pH changes in the cellular microenvironment. We have utilized a simple droplet-based microfluidics methodology for encapsulating cells and fluorescent pH sensitive carbon dots in polyethylene glycol microgels. Since the microfluidics assembly is developed from simple components that can be modified easily to yield microgels of different size, composition, and architecture, it can be utilized to develop complex 3D cell culture scaffolds of desired composition along with spatial control on the polymer composition. The synthesized pH sensitive carbon dots possess green fluorescence emission, which increases as the pH is lowered from neutral to acidic. Since the probe sensitivity to pH change is well within the physiologically relevant range (pH 5.8-7.7), the probe can be used for detecting a lowering of pH as the cells proliferate or undergo various biological processes. We demonstrate that the nanoprobes as well as the process of forming the microgel beads with nanoprobes and mammalian cells is biocompatible, and the cells easily proliferate inside the microgels. The changes in pH as the mammalian cells grow in the microgels is easily monitored via fluorescence microscopy, suggesting that the platform can be used to study time dependent changes in cellular microenvironment pH and can be easily utilized to monitor cellular growth, disease progression, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Chandra
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
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Vasquez-Montes V, Gerhart J, King KE, Thévenin D, Ladokhin AS. Comparison of lipid-dependent bilayer insertion of pHLIP and its P20G variant. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:534-543. [PMID: 29138065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the pH-Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) to insert into lipid membranes in a transbilayer conformation makes it an important tool for targeting acidic diseased tissues. pHLIP can also serve as a model template for thermodynamic studies of membrane insertion. We use intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy to examine the effect of replacing pHLIP's central proline on the pH-triggered lipid-dependent conformational switching of the peptide. We find that the P20G variant (pHLIP-P20G) has a higher helical propensity than the native pHLIP (pHLIP-WT), in both water:organic solvent mixtures and in the presence of lipid bilayers. Spectral shifts of tryptophan fluorescence reveal that with both pHLIP-WT and pHLIP-P20G, the deeply penetrating interfacial form (traditionally called State II) is populated only in pure phosphocholine bilayers. The presence of either anionic lipids or phosphatidylethanolamine leads to a much shallower penetration of the peptide (referred to here as State IIS, for "shallow"). This novel state can be differentiated from soluble state by a reduction in accessibility of tryptophans to acrylamide and by FRET to vesicles doped with Dansyl-PE, but not by a spectral shift in fluorescence emission. FRET experiments indicate free energies for interfacial partitioning range from 6.2 to 6.8kcal/mol and are marginally more favorable for pHLIP-P20G. The effective pKa for the insertion of both peptides depends on the lipid composition, but is always higher for pHLIP-P20G than for pHLIP-WT by approximately one pH unit, which corresponds to a difference of 1.3kcal/mol in free energy of protonation favoring insertion of pHLIP-P20G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vasquez-Montes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, United States
| | - Janessa Gerhart
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Kelly E King
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Damien Thévenin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, United States
| | - Alexey S Ladokhin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, United States.
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Adochite RC, Moshnikova A, Golijanin J, Andreev OA, Katenka NV, Reshetnyak YK. Comparative Study of Tumor Targeting and Biodistribution of pH (Low) Insertion Peptides (pHLIP(®) Peptides) Conjugated with Different Fluorescent Dyes. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 18:686-96. [PMID: 27074841 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acidification of extracellular space promotes tumor development, progression, and invasiveness. pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIP(®) peptides) belong to the class of pH-sensitive membrane peptides, which target acidic tumors and deliver imaging and/or therapeutic agents to cancer cells within tumors. PROCEDURES Ex vivo fluorescent imaging of tissue and organs collected at various time points after administration of different pHLIP(®) variants conjugated with fluorescent dyes of various polarity was performed. Methods of multivariate statistical analyses were employed to establish classification between fluorescently labeled pHLIP(®) variants in multidimensional space of spectral parameters. RESULTS The fluorescently labeled pHLIP(®) variants were classified based on their biodistribution profile and ability of targeting of primary tumors. Also, submillimeter-sized metastatic lesions in lungs were identified by ex vivo imaging after intravenous administration of fluorescent pHLIP(®) peptide. CONCLUSIONS Different cargo molecules conjugated with pHLIP(®) peptides can alter biodistribution and tumor targeting. The obtained knowledge is essential for the design of novel pHLIP(®)-based diagnostic and therapeutic agents targeting primary tumors and metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Moshnikova
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Jovana Golijanin
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Oleg A Andreev
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Natallia V Katenka
- Department of Computer Sciences and Statistics, University of Rhode Island, 9 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Yana K Reshetnyak
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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47
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Cellular Entry of the Diphtheria Toxin Does Not Require the Formation of the Open-Channel State by Its Translocation Domain. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100299. [PMID: 28937631 PMCID: PMC5666346 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular entry of diphtheria toxin is a multistage process involving receptor targeting, endocytosis, and translocation of the catalytic domain across the endosomal membrane into the cytosol. The latter is ensured by the translocation (T) domain of the toxin, capable of undergoing conformational refolding and membrane insertion in response to the acidification of the endosomal environment. While numerous now classical studies have demonstrated the formation of an ion-conducting conformation-the Open-Channel State (OCS)-as the final step of the refolding pathway, it remains unclear whether this channel constitutes an in vivo translocation pathway or is a byproduct of the translocation. To address this question, we measure functional activity of known OCS-blocking mutants with H-to-Q replacements of C-terminal histidines of the T-domain. We also test the ability of these mutants to translocate their own N-terminus across lipid bilayers of model vesicles. The results of both experiments indicate that translocation activity does not correlate with previously published OCS activity. Finally, we determined the topology of TH5 helix in membrane-inserted T-domain using W281 fluorescence and its depth-dependent quenching by brominated lipids. Our results indicate that while TH5 becomes a transbilayer helix in a wild-type protein, it fails to insert in the case of the OCS-blocking mutant H322Q. We conclude that the formation of the OCS is not necessary for the functional translocation by the T-domain, at least in the histidine-replacement mutants, suggesting that the OCS is unlikely to constitute a translocation pathway for the cellular entry of diphtheria toxin in vivo.
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Jo J, Lee CH, Kopelman R, Wang X. In vivo quantitative imaging of tumor pH by nanosonophore assisted multispectral photoacoustic imaging. Nat Commun 2017; 8:471. [PMID: 28883396 PMCID: PMC5589864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes of physiological pH are correlated with several pathologies, therefore the development of more effective medical pH imaging methods is of paramount importance. Here, we report on an in vivo pH mapping nanotechnology. This subsurface chemical imaging is based on tumor-targeted, pH sensing nanoprobes and multi-wavelength photoacoustic imaging (PAI). The nanotechnology consists of an optical pH indicator, SNARF-5F, 5-(and-6)-Carboxylic Acid, encapsulated into polyacrylamide nanoparticles with surface modification for tumor targeting. Facilitated by multi-wavelength PAI plus a spectral unmixing technique, the accuracy of pH measurement inside the biological environment is not susceptible to the background optical absorption of biomolecules, i.e., hemoglobins. As a result, both the pH levels and the hemodynamic properties across the entire tumor can be quantitatively evaluated with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution in in vivo cancer models. The imaging technology reported here holds the potential for both research on and clinical management of a variety of cancers. Background optical absorption of several biomolecules impedes an effective in vivo pH imaging in tumors. Here, the authors developed a visible light-based in vivo pH mapping method by coupling photoacoustic imaging and pH-responsive modified nanoparticles that selectively target tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janggun Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Chang H Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. .,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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49
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Hundshammer C, Düwel S, Schilling F. Imaging of Extracellular pH Using Hyperpolarized Molecules. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 2 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Stephan Düwel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 2 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute of Medical Engineering; Technical University of Munich; Boltzmannstr. 11 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
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50
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Wei Y, Liao R, Mahmood AA, Xu H, Zhou Q. pH-responsive pHLIP (pH low insertion peptide) nanoclusters of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as a tumor-selective MRI contrast agent. Acta Biomater 2017; 55:194-203. [PMID: 28363789 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are contrast agents used for noninvasive tumor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). SPION with active targeting by tumor-specific ligands can effectively enhance the MRI sensitivity and specificity of tumors. However, the challenge remains when the tumor specific markers are yet to be determined, especially in the case of early tumor detection. In this study, the effectiveness of pH-responsive SPION via a pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) to target tumor acidic microenvironments was investigated. Polylysine polymers were first successfully modified with pHLIP to have the pH-responsive capability. SPION pHLIP nanoclusters of 64, 82, 103, and 121nm size were then assembled by the pH-responsive polymers in a size-controlled manner. The pH-responsive SPION nanoclusters of the 64nm size exhibited the most effective pH-responsive retention in cells and tumor selective imaging in MRI. More importantly, the unique contrast enhancement of tumor inner core by the pH-responsive SPION in three different tumor models demonstrated the clinical potential to target tumor acidic microenvironment through pHLIP for tumor early detection and diagnosis by MRI. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Detection and diagnosis of tumors at early stage are critical for the improvement of the survival rate of cancer patients. However, the challenge remains when the tumor specific markers are yet to be determined, especially in early tumor detection. pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) has been used as a specific ligand to target the tumor acidic microenvironment for tumors at early and metastatic stages. Superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles (SPION) are contrast enhancing agents used in the noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging for tumors. This research has demonstrated that pH-responsive pHLIP nanoclusters of SPION were able to target different tumors and facilitate the noninvasive diagnosis of tumors by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Wei
- Department of Nanomedicine & Biopharmaceuticals, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rufang Liao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Abdulrahman Ahmed Mahmood
- Department of Nanomedicine & Biopharmaceuticals, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Qibing Zhou
- Department of Nanomedicine & Biopharmaceuticals, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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