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Khosravanian MJ, Mirzaei Y, Mer AH, Keyhani-Khankahdani M, Abdinia FS, Misamogooe F, Amirkhani Z, Bagheri N, Meyfour A, Jahandideh S, Barpour N, Nikmanesh Y, Shahsavarani H, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M. Nectin-4-directed antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs): Spotlight on preclinical and clinical evidence. Life Sci 2024; 352:122910. [PMID: 39002610 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Nectin-4 (Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4), a type I transmembrane cell adhesion protein, was demonstrated to be overexpressed in a variety of tumors, making it an attractive antigen for targeted therapies such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Of great note, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approval of the first Nectin-4-directed ADC, enfortumab vedotin (EV), in urothelial cancer (UC) not only introduced Nectin-4 as a clinically validated and reliable target antigen but also confirmed the evolving role of Nectin-4-directed ADCs as novel and promising cancer therapeutics. In addition to EV, there have been or are currently being seven and eleven Nectin-4-directed ADCs, respectively, in various stages of clinical trials and preclinical development, offering a promising future for the treatment of Nectin-4-positive cancer patients. This study reviewed clinical- and preclinical-stage Nectin-4-directed ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Ali Hussein Mer
- Department of Nursing, Mergasour Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Misamogooe
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirkhani
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 8813733450, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Jahandideh
- Department of Research and Development, Orchidgene co, Tehran 1387837584, Iran
| | - Nesa Barpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Nikmanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hosein Shahsavarani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
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Ando T, Ka M, Sugiura Y, Tokunaga M, Nakagawa N, Iida T, Matsumoto Y, Watanabe K, Kawakami M, Sato M, Kage H. NECTIN2 is a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma. Respir Investig 2024; 62:582-588. [PMID: 38678829 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NECTINs are transmembrane proteins mediating cell-to-cell adhesion. NECTINs interact with integrins or other membrane receptors to trigger multiple cellular functions. Aberrant NECTIN expression is associated with cancer progression and poor outcomes. While NECTIN2 is overexpressed in various cancer types, its role in lung cancer is not well understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated the function of NECTIN2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and clinical samples of 105 LUAD patients who had undergone surgical resection. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were investigated using human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. RESULTS We found that high NECTIN2 expression correlated with reduced overall survival in LUAD in TCGA database. In clinical samples, high NECTIN2 expression was associated with lower recurrence-free survival in all patients (P < 0.001) and in stage I patients (P = 0.001). Functional analyses demonstrated that NECTIN2 knockout promoted cell apoptosis and diminished cell proliferation and migration capacity. NECTIN2 overexpression did not significantly affect cellular functions. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that NECTIN2 plays a significant role in cell apoptosis and cancer cell migration, leading to increased postoperative recurrence. Furthermore, NECTIN2 serves as a prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target in LUAD. CONCLUSIONS High NECTIN2 expression in LUAD was found to be associated with postoperative recurrence, and was observed to play an important role in cell apoptosis and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ando
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mirei Ka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Tokunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Nakagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iida
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Kawakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kage
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Li K, Zhou Y, Zang M, Jin X, Li X. Therapeutic prospects of nectin-4 in cancer: applications and value. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1354543. [PMID: 38606099 PMCID: PMC11007101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1354543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nectin-4 is a Ca2+-independent immunoglobulin-like protein that exhibits significantly elevated expression in malignant tumors while maintaining extremely low levels in healthy adult tissues. In recent years, overexpression of Nectin-4 has been implicated in tumor occurrence and development of various cancers, including breast cancer, urothelial cancer, and lung cancer. In 2019, the Food and Drug Administration approved enfortumab vedotin, the first antibody-drug conjugate targeting Nectin-4, for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma. This has emphasized the value of Nectin-4 in tumor targeted therapy and promoted the implementation of more clinical trials of enfortumab vedotin. In addition, many new drugs targeting Nectin-4 for the treatment of malignant tumors have entered clinical trials, with the aim of exploring potential new indications. However, the exact mechanisms by which Nectin-4 affects tumorigenesis and progression are still unclear, and the emergence of drug resistance and treatment-related adverse reactions poses challenges. This article reviews the diagnostic potential, prognostic significance, and molecular role of Nectin-4 in tumors, with a focus on clinical trials in the field of Nectin-4-related tumor treatment and the development of new drugs targeting Nectin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujing Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Maolin Zang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Imaging Center, Jinan Third People’s Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhang M, Zuo Y, Chen S, Li Y, Xing Y, Yang L, Wang H, Guo R. Antibody-drug conjugates in urothelial carcinoma: scientometric analysis and clinical trials analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1323366. [PMID: 38665947 PMCID: PMC11044263 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1323366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2020, bladder cancer, which commonly presents as urothelial carcinoma, became the 10th most common malignancy. For patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma, the standard first-line treatment remains platinum-based chemotherapy, with immunotherapy serving as an alternative in cases of programmed death ligand 1 expression. However, treatment options become limited upon resistance to platinum and programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 agents. Since the FDA's approval of Enfortumab Vedotin and Sacituzumab Govitecan, the therapeutic landscape has expanded, heralding a shift towards antibody-drug conjugates as potential first-line therapies. Our review employed a robust scientometric approach to assess 475 publications on antibody-drug conjugates in urothelial carcinoma, revealing a surge in related studies since 2018, predominantly led by U.S. institutions. Moreover, 89 clinical trials were examined, with 36 in Phase II and 13 in Phase III, exploring antibody-drug conjugates as both monotherapies and in combination with other agents. Promisingly, novel targets like HER-2 and EpCAM exhibit substantial therapeutic potential. These findings affirm the increasing significance of antibody-drug conjugates in urothelial carcinoma treatment, transitioning them from posterior-line to frontline therapies. Future research is poised to focus on new therapeutic targets, combination therapy optimization, treatment personalization, exploration of double antibody-coupled drugs, and strategies to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanye Zuo
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaonan Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Xing
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liu CH, Leu SJ, Lee CH, Lin CY, Wang WC, Tsai BY, Lee YC, Chen CL, Yang YY, Lin LT. Production and characterization of single-chain variable fragment antibodies targeting the breast cancer tumor marker nectin-4. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1292019. [PMID: 38288120 PMCID: PMC10822971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nectin-4 is a novel biomarker overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast cancer, in which it has been associated with poor prognosis. Current literature suggests that nectin-4 has a role in cancer progression and may have prognostic and therapeutic implications. The present study aims to produce nectin-4-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies and evaluate their applications in breast cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. Methods We generated recombinant nectin-4 ectodomain fragments as immunogens to immunize chickens and the chickens' immunoglobulin genes were amplified for construction of anti-nectin-4 scFv libraries using phage display. The binding capacities of the selected clones were evaluated with the recombinant nectin-4 fragments, breast cancer cell lines, and paraffin-embedded tissue sections using various laboratory approaches. The binding affinity and in silico docking profile were also characterized. Results We have selected two clones (S21 and L4) from the libraries with superior binding capacity. S21 yielded higher signals when used as the primry antibody for western blot analysis and flow cytometry, whereas clone L4 generated cleaner and stronger signals in immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining. In addition, both scFvs could diminish attachment-free cell aggregation of nectin-4-positive breast cancer cells. As results from ELISA indicated that L4 bound more efficiently to fixed nectin-4 ectodomain, molecular docking analysis was further performed and demonstrated that L4 possesses multiple polar contacts with nectin-4 and diversity in interacting residues. Conclusion Overall, the nectin-4-specific scFvs could recognize nectin-4 expressed by breast cancer cells and have the merit of being further explored for potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sy-Jye Leu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsin Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chu Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Ching Lee
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yuan Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory of Antibody Generation and Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Katasho R, Nagano T, Iwasaki T, Kamada S. Nectin-4 regulates cellular senescence-associated enlargement of cell size. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21602. [PMID: 38062106 PMCID: PMC10703872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is defined as irreversible growth arrest induced by various stress, such as DNA damage and oxidative stress. Senescent cells exhibit various characteristic morphological changes including enlarged morphology. In our recent study, we identified Nectin-4 to be upregulated in cellular senescence by comparative transcriptomic analysis. However, there are few reports on the relationship between Nectin-4 and senescence. Therefore, we analyzed the function of Nectin-4 in senescence and its biological significance. When overexpressed with Nectin-4, the cells exhibited the enlarged cell morphology closely resembling senescent cells. In addition, the cell size enlargement during DNA damage-induced senescence was suppressed by knockdown of Nectin-4, while there were no significant changes in senescence induction. These results suggest that Nectin-4 is not involved in the regulation of senescence itself but contributes to the senescence-associated cell size increase. Furthermore, the Nectin-4-dependent cell size increase was found to be mediated by Src family kinase (SFK)/PI3 kinase (PI3K)/Rac1 pathway. To explore the functional consequences of cell size enlargement, we analyzed cell survival in Nectin-4-depleted senescent cells. Single-cell tracking experiments revealed that Nectin-4 knockdown induced apoptosis in senescent cells, and there is a strong positive correlation between cell size and survival rate. These results collectively indicate that Nectin-4 plays a causative role in the senescence-associated cell size enlargement via SFK/PI3K/Rac1, which can contribute to survival of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Katasho
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Taiki Nagano
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Iwasaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamada
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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7
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Fahey CC, Nebhan CA, York S, Davis NB, Hurley PJ, Gordetsky JB, Schaffer KR. Metastatic Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma Responsive to Enfortumab Vedotin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16109. [PMID: 38003302 PMCID: PMC10671469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma is a rare disease with very limited data to guide treatment decisions. In particular, there is minimal evidence for effective therapies in the metastatic setting. Here, we present a case of metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma with response to the Nectin-4 inhibitor enfortumab-vedotin-ejfv (EV). EV was selected due to the evidence of the high expression of Nectin-4 in squamous cell carcinomas, including penile carcinoma. The patient had both radiographic and symptomatic improvement after two cycles of treatment, despite having been treated with multiple prior lines of traditional chemotherapy. This case provides support for the use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), including EV, in this disease with few other options in the advanced setting. Further studies examining Nectin-4 and ADCs in penile squamous cell carcinoma should be completed, as high-quality evidence is needed to guide treatment after initial progression for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C. Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.C.F.)
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans’ Affairs, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Sally York
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.C.F.)
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans’ Affairs, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nancy B. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.C.F.)
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paula J. Hurley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.C.F.)
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Gordetsky
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kerry R. Schaffer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.C.F.)
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Imazu Y, Nishiwada S, Yasuda S, Nagai M, Nakamura K, Matsuo Y, Terai T, Yoshida C, Kohara Y, Sho M. Identification of Nectin Family Interactive Gene Panel and Stratification of Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2023; 237:719-730. [PMID: 37503950 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although patient-risk stratification is important for selecting individualized treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), predicting the oncologic outcomes after surgery remains a challenge. In this study, we identified a nectin family gene panel (NFGP) that can accurately stratify oncologic outcomes in patients with PDAC. STUDY DESIGN Comprehensive analysis of the expression of 9 nectin family genes identified the NFGP, which was assessed for predictive performance in 2 independent public cohorts (The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA] n = 176; International Cancer Genome Consortium [ICGC] n = 89). It was subsequently trained and validated for the in-house training cohort without neo-adjuvant therapy (NAT, n = 213) and the validation cohort with NAT (n = 307). RESULTS Using the Cox regression model, NFGP derived from 9 nectin family genes accurately stratified overall survival (OS) in TCGA (p = 0.038) and ICGC (p = 0.005). We subsequently optimized NFGP, which robustly discriminated postoperative prognosis, OS (p = 0.014) and relapse-free survival ([RFS] p = 0.006) in the training cohort. The NFGP was successfully validated in an independent validation cohort (OS: p < 0.001; RFS: p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis demonstrated the NFGP was an independent prognostic factor for OS and RFS in the training (p = 0.028 and 0.008, respectively) and validation (p < 0.001 and 0.013, respectively) cohorts. The subcohort analyses showed that the predictive performance of NFGP is applicable to the patients' subcohort according to resectability or adjuvant therapy status. Additionally, a combination model of NFGP score and CA19-9 level emerged with improved accuracy for predicting prognosis. CONCLUSIONS This study established the predictive significance of NFGP for oncologic outcomes after surgery in PDAC. Our data demonstrate its clinical impact as a potent biomarker for optimal patient selection for individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imazu
- From the Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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9
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Tamura K, Fujiyuki T, Moritoh K, Akimoto H, Iizuka K, Sato H, Asano K, Yoneda M, Kai C. Anti-tumor activity of a recombinant measles virus against canine lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18168. [PMID: 37875555 PMCID: PMC10597997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine primary lung cancer with metastasis has a poor prognosis with no effective treatment. We previously generated a recombinant measles virus (MV) that lost binding affinity to a principal receptor, SLAM, to eliminate its virulence as a new cancer treatment strategy. The virus, rMV-SLAMblind, targets nectin-4, recently listed as a tumor marker, and exerts antitumor activity against nectin-4-positive canine mammary cancer and urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma cells. However, the effectivity of rMV-SLAMblind for other types of canine cancers is still unknown. Here we evaluated the antitumor effect of rMV-SLAMblind to canine lung cancer. Nectin-4 is expressed on three canine lung cancer cell lines (CLAC, AZACL1, AZACL2) and rMV-SLAMblind was able to infect these cell lines. CLAC cells showed reduced cell viability after virus infection. In the CLAC xenograft nude mouse model, intratumoral administration of rMV-SLAMblind significantly suppressed tumor growth. In rMV-SLAMblind-treated mice, natural killer cells were activated, and Cxcl10 and Il12a levels were significantly increased in comparison with levels in the control group. In addition, the depletion of NK cells reduced the anti-tumor effect. To understand difference in efficacy among canine lung cancer cell lines, we compared virus growth and gene expression pattern after virus treatment in the three canine lung cancer cell lines; virus growth was highest in CLAC cells compared with the other cell lines and the induction of interferon (IFN)-beta and IFN-stimulated genes was at lower levels in CLAC cells. These results suggested that rMV-SLAMblind exhibits oncolytic effect against some canine lung cancer cells and the cellular response after the virus infection may influence its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Tamura
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kanako Moritoh
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hayato Akimoto
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Iizuka
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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Mayer M, Nachtsheim L, Prinz J, Shabli S, Suchan M, Klußmann JP, Quaas A, Arolt C, Wolber P. Nectin-4 is frequently expressed in primary salivary gland cancer and corresponding lymph node metastases and represents an important treatment-related biomarker. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023; 40:395-405. [PMID: 37480387 PMCID: PMC10495532 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Many locally advanced and metastatic salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) lack therapeutic targets. Enfortumab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate binding to Nectin-4, recently gained FDA approval for third-line urothelial carcinoma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the expression of Nectin-4 in primary SGC and corresponding lymph node metastases and to correlate it with clinicopathological data. Immunohistochemical staining for Nectin-4 was performed for patients who had undergone surgery with curative intent for primary SGC of the parotid or submandibular gland in a tertiary referral center between 1990 and 2019. One hundred twenty-two primary SGC and twenty corresponding lymph node metastases were included. Nectin-4 was expressed in 80.3% of primary SGC with a mean Histo(H-)score of 61.2 and in 90.0% of lymph node metastases with a mean H-score of 75.6. A moderate or high Nectin-4 expression was found in 25.9% of salivary duct carcinomas (SaDu) and in 30.7% of adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC). SaDu patients with a lower T-stage (p = 0.04), no loco-regional lymph node metastases (p = 0.049), no vascular invasion (p = 0.04), and no perineural spread (p = 0.03) showed a significantly higher mean Nectin-4 H-score. There was a statistical tendency towards a more favorable disease-free survival among SaDu patients with a higher Nectin-4 expression (p = 0.09). Nectin-4 is expressed in SGC and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target, especially in entities with a high rate of local recurrence and metastatic spread such as SaDu and ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Mayer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lisa Nachtsheim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johanna Prinz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sami Shabli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Malte Suchan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Peter Klußmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Arolt
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Wolber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Duan X, Xia L, Zhang Z, Ren Y, Pomper MG, Rowe SP, Li X, Li N, Zhang N, Zhu H, Yang Z, Sheng X, Yang X. First-in-Human Study of the Radioligand 68Ga-N188 Targeting Nectin-4 for PET/CT Imaging of Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3395-3407. [PMID: 37093191 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nectin-4 is an emerging biomarker for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recently, enfortumab vedotin (EV) was approved by the FDA as the first nectin-4 targeting antibody-drug conjugate for treating advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). A PET imaging method to noninvasively quantify nectin-4 expression level would potentially help to select patients most likely to respond to EV and predict the response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we designed a bicyclic peptide-based nectin-4 targeting radiotracer 68Ga-N188. Initially, we performed preclinical evaluations of 68Ga-N188 in UC cell lines and xenograft mouse models. Next, we performed the translational study in healthy volunteers and a pilot cohort of patients with advanced UC on uEXPLORER total-body PET/CT. RESULTS In the preclinical study, 68Ga-N188 showed high affinity to nectin-4, specific uptake in a nectin-4(+) xenograft mouse model, and suitable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. In the translational study, 2 healthy volunteers and 14 patients with advanced UC were enrolled. The pharmacokinetic profile was determined for 68Ga-N188, and the nectin-4 relative expression level in different organs was quantitatively imaged. CONCLUSIONS A clear correlation between PET SUV value and nectin-4 expression was observed, supporting the application of 68Ga-N188 PET as a companion diagnostic tool for optimizing treatments that target nectin-4. See related commentary by Jiang et al., p. 3259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Duan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Beijing, China
| | - Zhuochen Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Beijing, China
| | - Xinan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Baiyao Group, Kunming, China
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12
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Todaro B, Ottalagana E, Luin S, Santi M. Targeting Peptides: The New Generation of Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1648. [PMID: 37376097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides can act as targeting molecules, analogously to oligonucleotide aptamers and antibodies. They are particularly efficient in terms of production and stability in physiological environments; in recent years, they have been increasingly studied as targeting agents for several diseases, from tumors to central nervous system disorders, also thanks to the ability of some of them to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we will describe the techniques employed for their experimental and in silico design, as well as their possible applications. We will also discuss advancements in their formulation and chemical modifications that make them even more stable and effective. Finally, we will discuss how their use could effectively help to overcome various physiological problems and improve existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Todaro
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Ottalagana
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Luin
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Melissa Santi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Chang HK, Park YH, Choi JA, Kim JW, Kim J, Kim HS, Lee HN, Cho H, Chung JY, Kim JH. Nectin-4 as a Predictive Marker for Poor Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer with Mismatch Repair Impairment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2865. [PMID: 37345201 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion molecule Nectin-4 is a new potential therapeutic target for different types of cancer; however, little is known about its diagnosis significance in endometrial cancer (EC). We found that Nectin-4 expression was significantly higher in EC tissues than in nonadjacent normal tissue. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.922 indicated good diagnostic accuracy for Nectin-4 expression in EC. Furthermore, Nectin-4 expression was associated with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein deficiency. Notably, the high Nectin-4 expression group of patients with MSH2/6-deficient EC had shorter progression-free survival than that of the low Nectin-4 expression group. The number of lymphovascular space invasion-positive patients in groups with MMR deficiency and high Nectin-4 expression was also increased compared with that in the low Nectin-4 expression group. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that alteration in Nectin-4 and MMR genes is associated with Nectin-4 expression in EC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that Nectin-4 expression may be a potential biomarker for EC diagnosis and that high Nectin-4 expression in MMR-deficient patients with EC can predict short progression-free survival, thus providing clues to identify patients for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Kyun Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University School of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Park
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-A Choi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisup Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Kim
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Nam Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Korea Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Bucheon 14647, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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14
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Dulal D, Boring A, Terrero D, Johnson T, Tiwari AK, Raman D. Tackling of Immunorefractory Tumors by Targeting Alternative Immune Checkpoints. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2774. [PMID: 37345111 PMCID: PMC10216651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, well known or traditional immune checkpoints (ICs), such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, are in place to promote tolerance to self-antigens and prevent generation of autoimmunity. In cancer, the ICs are effectively engaged by the tumor cells or stromal ells from the tumor microenvironment through expression of cognate ligands for the ICs present on the cell surface of CD8+ T lymphocytes. The ligation of ICs on CD8+ T lymphocytes triggers inhibitory signaling pathways, leading to quiescence or an exhaustion of CD8+ T lymphocytes. This results in failure of immunotherapy. To overcome this, several FDA-approved therapeutic antibodies are available, but the clinical outcome is quite variable due to the resistance encountered through upregulated expression of alternate ICs such as VISTA, LAG-3, TIGIT and TIM-3. This review focuses on the roles played by the traditional as well as alternate ICs and the contribution of associated signaling pathways in generating such resistance to immunotherapy. Combinatorial targeting of traditional and alternate ICs might be beneficial for immune-refractory tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmindra Dulal
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Andrew Boring
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.K.T.)
| | - David Terrero
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Main Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Tiffany Johnson
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Main Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.K.T.)
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15
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Miyake M, Nishimura N, Ohnishi S, Oda Y, Owari T, Ohnishi K, Morizawa Y, Hori S, Gotoh D, Nakai Y, Torimoto K, Fujii T, Tanaka N, Fujimoto K. Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles of Urine Nectin-2 and Nectin-4 in Human Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092565. [PMID: 37174031 PMCID: PMC10177453 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical utility of urine nectins in bladder cancer (BCa) is unclear. We investigated the potential diagnostic and prognostic values of urine Nectin-2 and Nectin-4. Levels of urine Nectin-2, Nectin-4, and NMP-22 were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 122 patients with BCa, consisting of 78 with non-muscle-invasive BCa (NMIBC) and 44 with muscle-invasive BCa (MIBC), and ten healthy controls. Tumor nectin expression in MIBC was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining of transurethral resection specimens. The level of urine Nectin-4 (mean: 18.3 ng/mL) was much higher than that of urine Nectin-2 (mean: 0.40 ng/mL). The sensitivities of Nectin-2, Nectin-4, NMP-22, and cytology assays were 84%, 98%, 52%, and 47%, respectively; their specificities were 40%, 80%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Both urine Nectin-2 and Nectin-4, though not NMP-22, were found to be significantly more sensitive than cytology. A four-titer grouping based on levels of urine Nectin-2/Nectin-4 (low/high, high/high, low/low, and high/low) showed a high capability for discriminating between NMIBC and MIBC. Neither urine Nectin-2 nor Nectin-4 levels had a significant prognostic value in NMIBC or MIBC. Urine levels correlated with tumor expression and serum levels in the Nectin-4 analysis, but not in the Nectin-2 analysis. Urine nectins are potential diagnostic biomarkers for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Nishimura
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Sayuri Ohnishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Oda
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Takuya Owari
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenta Ohnishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Yosuke Morizawa
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Gotoh
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Torimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
- Department of Prostate Brachytherapy, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
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16
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Dekanić A, Babarović E, Kučan Brlić P, Knežić M, Savić Vuković A, Mazor M, Jonjić N. The Prognostic Significance of Nectin-2 and Nectin-4 expression in glial tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154416. [PMID: 36989846 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Glial tumors are the most frequent neoplasms of the central nervous system in adults and despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of the disease, the prognosis of glioma is poor. Therefore, there is a great need to identify new prognostic factors and potential immunotherapeutic targets. Members of the Nectin family of proteins are gaining significant attention as possible diagnostic and immunotherapeutic targets in many solid tumors, but they have not been extensively investigated in glial tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of Nectin-2 and Nectin-4 in glial tumors of different grades, and to assess their prognostic value. The results showed heterogeneous expression of Nectin-2 and Nectin-4 in tumor cells and neuropil, with significantly higher Nectin-2 expression compared to Nectin-4, but without differences among tumor grades. In addition, the expression of Nectin-2 and Nectin-4 was associated with shorter survival times in patients with grade II/III gliomas. These results suggest that Nectin-2 and Nectin-4 expression may be used as an independent prognostic indicator for patients with II/III gliomas. This study contributes to the development of personalized care for patients with glioma and provides a basis for further research on nectin-based immunotherapy for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dekanić
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Emina Babarović
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Paola Kučan Brlić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Matija Knežić
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Anita Savić Vuković
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marija Mazor
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nives Jonjić
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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17
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Moretto R, Germani MM, Giordano M, Conca V, Proietti A, Niccoli C, Pietrantonio F, Lonardi S, Tamburini E, Zaniboni A, Passardi A, Latiano TP, Fanotto V, Di Donato S, Prisciandaro M, Bergamo F, Masi G, Fontanini G, Ugolini C, Cremolini C. Trop-2 and Nectin-4 immunohistochemical expression in metastatic colorectal cancer: searching for the right population for drugs' development. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1391-1399. [PMID: 36759721 PMCID: PMC10049995 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trop-2 and Nectin-4 are transmembrane proteins overexpressed in many tumours and targets of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the role of Trop-2 and Nectin-4 has been poorly investigated. METHODS Tumour samples of patients randomised in the phase III TRIBE2 were assessed for Trop-2 and Nectin-4 expression. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-six tumours were assessed for Trop-2 expression. 90 (23%), 115 (30%) and 181 (47%) were Trop-2 high, medium and low, respectively. Patients with low Trop-2 tumours achieved longer PFS (12 versus 9.9 months, p = 0.047) and OS (27.3 versus 21.3 months, p = 0.015) than those with high/medium Trop-2 tumours. These findings were confirmed in multivariate analysis (p = 0.022 and p = 0.023, respectively). A greater OS benefit from treatment intensification with FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab was observed in patients with high/medium Trop-2 tumours (p-for-interaction = 0.041). Two hundred fifty-one tumours were assessed for Nectin-4 expression. Fourteen (5%), 67 (27%) and 170 (68%) were high, medium and low, respectively. No prognostic impact was observed based on Nectin-4 expression and no interaction effect was reported between Nectin-4 expression groups and treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS In mCRC, expression levels of Trop-2 and Nectin-4 are heterogeneous, suggesting a target-driven development of anti-Trop2 and anti-Nectin-4 ADCs. Medium/high Trop-2 expression is associated with worse prognosis and higher benefit from chemotherapy intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Moretto
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Maria Germani
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mirella Giordano
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Conca
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Agnese Proietti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Niccoli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology Unit 3, Veneto Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Emiliano Tamburini
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, Rimini, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Care, Cardinale Panico Tricase City Hospital, Tricase, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Passardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pia Latiano
- Oncology Unit, Foundation IRCCS, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Valentina Fanotto
- Department of Oncology, ASUFC University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Samantha Di Donato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santo Stefano General Hospital, Prato, Italy
| | - Michele Prisciandaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Medical Oncology Unit 3, Veneto Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Masi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clara Ugolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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18
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Nectin-4: a Tumor Cell Target and Status of Inhibitor Development. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:181-188. [PMID: 36696077 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study aims to gather the current state of the literature about anti-Nectin-4 innovative associations in solid tumors and to investigate underlying resistance mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting Nectin-4 efficacy gained attention and offers a promising association with other antineoplastic drugs especially in urothelial carcinoma. The heterogeneity of Nectin-4 expression across the molecular subtypes was highlighted especially in urothelial cancers. A unique study using preclinical models demonstrated an upregulation of P-gp expression, which may explain the anti-Nectin-4 resistance mechanisms. Further studies are urgently needed to understand anti-Nectin-4 sensitivity and resistance phenomenon. The growing therapeutic associations of enfortumab vedotin offer optimistic opportunities in management and treatment of wide range of solid tumors including rare aggressive malignancies.
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19
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Moritoh K, Shoji K, Amagai Y, Fujiyuki T, Sato H, Yoneda M, Kai C. Immune response elicited in the tumor microenvironment upon rMV-SLAMblind cancer virotherapy. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:2158-2168. [PMID: 36715555 PMCID: PMC10154881 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising therapy for cancer. We previously established a recombinant measles virus (rMV-SLAMblind) that targets NECTIN4-expressing cancer cells and demonstrated its antitumor effects using a xenograft model in an immunodeficient mouse. In the current study, to investigate the immune response after rMV-SLAMblind therapy, we developed an immunocompetent cancer mouse model by introducing the NECTIN4 gene into mouse cancer cell lines. NECTIN4-expressing mouse cancer cells were successfully killed by rMV-SLAMblind in vitro. After transplantation of the NECTIN4-expressing tumor cells, rMV-SLAMblind significantly suppressed tumor growth in immunocompetent mice. Thus, this immunocompetent mouse cancer model could be a powerful tool in which to study the effect of rMV-SLAMblind therapy on the immune response. Using this model we found that rMV-SLAMblind elicited significant activation of natural killer cells, type 1 helper T cells and the tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell response in the tumor microenvironment. Immune cell depletion study revealed that CD8+ cells particularly played significant roles in the therapeutic efficacy of rMV-SLAMblind. Thus, rMV-SLAMblind exerts a therapeutic effect, not only directly by tumor cell killing, but also indirectly by efficient induction of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Moritoh
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shoji
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Amagai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Fenton SE, VanderWeele DJ. Antibody-drug conjugates and predictive biomarkers in advanced urothelial carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1069356. [PMID: 36686762 PMCID: PMC9846350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1069356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is expanding in several malignancies, including urothelial carcinoma where two of these medications have been approved for use and several others remain under study. ADCs act by binding to specific cell surface proteins, delivering anticancer agents directly to the target cells. Preclinical studies suggest that loss of these surface proteins alters sensitivity to therapy and expression of target proteins vary significantly based on the tumor subtype, prior therapies and other characteristics. However, use of biomarkers to predict treatment response have not been regularly included in clinical trials and clinician practice. In this review we summarize what is known about potential predictive biomarkers for ADCs in UC and discuss potential areas where use of biomarkers may improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Fenton
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David J. VanderWeele
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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21
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Liu R, Zhao K, Wang K, Zhang L, Ma W, Qiu Z, Wang W. Prognostic value of nectin-4 in human cancers: A meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1081655. [PMID: 36937394 PMCID: PMC10020226 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many reports have described that abnormal nectin-4 expression may be used as a prognostic marker in many tumors. However, these studies failed to reach a consensus. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic value of nectin-4 in cancers. Methods Relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and Web of science until August 31, 2022. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the relationship between nectin-4 expression and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival/progression-free survival/relapse-free survival (DFS/PFS/RFS). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were applied to assess the relationship between nectin-4 expression and clinicopathologic features. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and funnel plot were used to test the reliability of the results. All data analyses were performed using STATA version 12.0 software. Results Fifteen articles involving 2245 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that high nectin-4 expression was significantly associated with poor OS (HR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.35-2.28). There was no relationship between high nectin-4 expression and DFS/PFS/RFS (HR: 178, 95% CI: 0.78-4.08).Subgroup analyses revealed that that high nectin-4 expression mainly presented adverse OS in esophageal cancer (EC) (HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.30-2.44) and gastric cancer (GC) (HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.43-2.58). We also found that high nectin-4 expression was associated with tumor diameter (big vs small) (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.02-3.75), tumor stage (III-IV vs I-II) (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.01-4.12) and invasion depth (T3+T4 vs T2+T1) (OR: 3.95, 95% CI: 2.06-7.57). Conclusions Nectin-4 can be used as an effective prognostic indicator for specific cancers.
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22
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Nectins and Nectin-like Molecules in Colorectal Cancer: Role in Diagnostics, Prognostic Values, and Emerging Treatment Options: A Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123076. [PMID: 36553083 PMCID: PMC9777592 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, colorectal cancer was the third most common type of cancer worldwide with a clearly visible increase in the number of cases each year. With relatively high mortality rates and an uncertain prognosis, colorectal cancer is a serious health problem. There is an urgent need to investigate its specific mechanism of carcinogenesis and progression in order to develop new strategies of action against this cancer. Nectins and Nectin-like molecules are cell adhesion molecules that take part in a plethora of essential processes in healthy tissues as well as mediating substantial actions for tumor initiation and evolution. Our understanding of their role and a viable application of this in anti-cancer therapy has rapidly improved in recent years. This review summarizes the current data on the role nectins and Nectin-like molecules play in colorectal cancer.
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23
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Nectin-4 as Blood-Based Biomarker Enables Detection of Early Ovarian Cancer Stages. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235867. [PMID: 36497350 PMCID: PMC9739558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the third most common gynecological malignancy and has the highest mortality rate. Owing to unspecific symptoms, ovarian cancer is not detected until an advanced stage in about two-thirds of cases. Therefore, it is crucial to establish reliable biomarkers for the early stages to improve the patients’ prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the ADAM17 substrates Nectin-4, Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and Amphiregulin (AREG) could function as potential tumor markers for ovarian cancer. In this study a set of 231 sera consisting of 131 ovarian cancer patients and 100 healthy age-matched controls were assembled. Nectin-4, HB-EGF and AREG levels of preoperatively collected sera were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our analysis revealed that Nectin-4 and HB-EGF were significantly increased compared to the age-matched control group (p < 0.0001, p = 0.016). Strikingly, significantly higher Nectin-4 and HB-EGF levels were detected in early-stage FIGO I/II (p <0.001; p = 0.025) compared to healthy controls. Eighty-four percent (16/19) of patients with low Ca-125 levels showed increased Nectin-4 levels. Our study proposes Nectin-4 and HB-EGF as promising blood-based biomarkers for the detection of early stages of ovarian cancer patients that would not have been detected by Ca-125.
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24
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Lee PH, Choi SM, An MH, Hwang DY, Park S, Baek AR, Jang AS. Nectin4 is a potential therapeutic target for asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049900. [PMID: 36457999 PMCID: PMC9707334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nectins comprise a family of cellular adhesion molecules involved in Ca2+-independent cellular adhesion. Neither the biological significance nor clinical potential of Nectin4 for asthma has been investigated. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to elucidate the role of Nectin4 in airway inflammation and to determine the relationship between Nectin4 and clinical variables in patients with asthma. METHODS The relationship between Nectin4 levels in the blood of asthmatic patients and clinical variables was examined. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1 (Der p1)-exposed normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, and Nectin4-deficient (Nectin4-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice sensitized/challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), were used to investigate the involvement of Nectin4 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma via the Src/Rac1 pathway. RESULTS Plasma Nectin4 levels were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than controls and correlated with specific IgE D1, D2, lung function. The ROC curves for Nectin4 levels differed between asthma patients and controls. Nectin4/Afadin and Src/Rac1 levels were significantly increased in NHBE cells exposed to Der p1, but decreased in NHBE cells treated with Nectin4 siRNA. Airway obstruction and inflammation, as well as the levels of Th2 cytokines, Nectin4, and Src/Rac1, were increased in WT OVA/OVA mice compared with WT sham mice. Nectin4 knockdown resulted in lower levels of Afadin and Src/Rac1 in Nectin4-/-OVA/OVA than WT OVA/OVA mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Nectin4 is involved in airway inflammation and may be a therapeutic target in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Seon Muk Choi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Min Hyeok An
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Da Yeon Hwang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Shinhee Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ae Rin Baek
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Wu Q, Qian W, Sun X, Jiang S. Small-molecule inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and more: FDA-approved novel therapeutic drugs for solid tumors from 1991 to 2021. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:143. [PMID: 36209184 PMCID: PMC9548212 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs (excluding vaccines, cell-based therapies, and gene therapy products) have been approved as new molecular entities (NMEs) or biologics license applications (BLAs). A total of 228 of these 1050 drugs were identified as cancer therapeutics or cancer-related drugs, and 120 of them were classified as therapeutic drugs for solid tumors according to their initial indications. These drugs have evolved from small molecules with broad-spectrum antitumor properties in the early stage to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) with a more precise targeting effect during the most recent decade. These drugs have extended indications for other malignancies, constituting a cancer treatment system for monotherapy or combined therapy. However, the available targets are still mainly limited to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), restricting the development of antitumor drugs. In this review, these 120 drugs are summarized and classified according to the initial indications, characteristics, or functions. Additionally, RTK-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies are also discussed. Our analysis of existing challenges and potential opportunities in drug development may advance solid tumor treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang China
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
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Mudd GE, Scott H, Chen L, van Rietschoten K, Ivanova-Berndt G, Dzionek K, Brown A, Watcham S, White L, Park PU, Jeffrey P, Rigby M, Beswick P. Discovery of BT8009: A Nectin-4 Targeting Bicycle Toxin Conjugate for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14337-14347. [PMID: 36204777 PMCID: PMC9661471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Bicycle toxin conjugates
(BTCs) are a promising new class
of molecules
for targeted delivery of toxin payloads into tumors. Herein we describe
the discovery of BT8009, a Nectin-4 targeting BTC currently under
clinical evaluation. Nectin-4 is overexpressed in multiple tumor types
and is a clinically validated target for selective delivery of cytotoxic
payloads. A Nectin-4 targeting bicyclic peptide was identified by
phage display, which showed highly selective binding for Nectin-4
but suffered from low plasma stability and poor physicochemical properties.
Multiparameter chemical optimization involving introduction of non-natural
amino acids resulted in a lead Bicycle that demonstrated high affinity
for Nectin-4, good stability in biological matrices, and a much-improved
physicochemical profile. The optimized Bicycle was conjugated to the
cytotoxin Monomethyl auristatin E via a cleavable linker to give the
targeted drug conjugate BT8009, which demonstrates potent anticancer
activity in in vivo rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E Mudd
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Heather Scott
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Liuhong Chen
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Dzionek
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Amy Brown
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Sophie Watcham
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Lewi White
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Peter U Park
- Bicycle Therapeutics, Inc., 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington 02421-3122, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Phil Jeffrey
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Mike Rigby
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Paul Beswick
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
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Zschäbitz S, Mikuteit M, Stöhr C, Herrmann E, Polifka I, Agaimy A, Trojan L, Ströbel P, Becker F, Wülfing C, Barth P, Stöckle M, Staehler M, Stief C, Haferkamp A, Hohenfellner M, Duensing S, Macher-Göppinger S, Wullich B, Noldus J, Brenner W, Roos FC, Walter B, Otto W, Burger M, Schrader AJ, Hartmann A, Erlmeier F, Steffens S. Expression of nectin-4 in papillary renal cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:90. [PMID: 36136143 PMCID: PMC9500133 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nectin-4 contributes to tumor proliferation, lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in malignant tumors and is an emerging target in tumor therapy. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC) VEGF-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors are currently treatments of choice. Enfortumab vedotin-ejf (EV) is an antibody drug conjugate that targets Nectin-4. The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of Nectin-4 in a large cohort of papillary RCC specimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS Specimens were derived from the PANZAR consortium (Erlangen, Heidelberg, Herne, Homburg, Mainz, Mannheim, Marburg, Muenster, LMU Munich, TU Munich, and Regensburg). Clinical data and tissue samples from n = 190 and n = 107 patients with type 1 and 2 pRCC, respectively, were available. Expression of Nectin-4 was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS In total, Nectin-4 staining was moderately or strongly positive in of 92 (48.4%) of type 1 and 39 (36.4%) type 2 of pRCC cases. No associations between Nectin-4 expression and age at diagnosis, gender, grading, and TNM stage was found. 5 year overall survival rate was not statistically different in patients with Nectin-4 negative versus Nectin-4 positive tumors for the overall cohort and the pRCC type 2 subgroup, but higher in patient with Nectin-4 positive pRCC type 1 tumors compared to Nectin-4 negative tumors (81.3% vs. 67.8%, p = 0.042). CONCLUSION Nectin-4 could not be confirmed as a prognostic marker in pRCC in general. Due to its high abundance on pRCC specimens Nectin-4 is an interesting target for therapeutical approaches e.g. with EV. Clinical trials are warranted to elucidate its role in the pRCC treatment landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Zschäbitz
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, National Center of Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Mikuteit
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hanover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Dean’s Office – Curriculum Development, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Stöhr
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Edwin Herrmann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Present Address: Institute of Urology, Prosper-Hospital GmbH, 45659 Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Iris Polifka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lutz Trojan
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Becker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Saarland (UKS), 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Present Address: Urological Group and Clinic Derouet/Pönicke/Becker, Boxberg Centre, 66538 Neunkirchen, Germany
| | - Christian Wülfing
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Urology, Asklepios Clinics Altona, 22763 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Barth
- Department of Urology, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Present Address: Institute of Pathology/Gerhard-Domagk Institute, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Stöckle
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Saarland (UKS), 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Staehler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, 81337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Munich, 81337 Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Hohenfellner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Wullich
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Noldus
- Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Gynecology, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik C. Roos
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Walter
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Urology, Kreiskliniken Altötting-Burghausen, 84489 Burghausen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef and University, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, Caritas St. Josef and University, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andres Jan Schrader
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical School Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Erlmeier
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuernberg, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Steffens
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hanover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Dean’s Office – Curriculum Development, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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28
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Tamura K, Ishigaki K, Yoshida O, Kazuyuki T, Sakurai N, Heishima T, Fujiyuki T, Kai C, Asano K. Gene expression of
Nectin‐4
and its clinical significance in dogs with primary lung adenocarcinoma. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1922-1929. [PMID: 35905293 PMCID: PMC9514464 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine primary lung adenocarcinoma (CPLA) is suspected by radiography or computed tomography; however, since there are no tumour markers, early diagnosis is difficult, and the prognosis is poor due to increased tumour volume. Nectin‐4 has been reported to be expressed in human lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers and promotes tumour growth. It has been reported to be a tumour marker and prognostic factor, and oncolytic virotherapy is being investigated using nectin‐4 as a therapeutic target. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of Nectin‐4 in CPLA and its clinical significance in dogs with pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Methods The relationships between Nectin‐4 expression and signalling, tumour volume, tumour weight, and prognosis were analyzed in 34 CPLA patients. Results The expression of canine Nectin‐4 (high Nectin‐4) was found in 25 of 34 cases (73%), and Nectin‐4 expression levels did not show any significant associations with gender, body weight, and tumour stage. However, there was a significant positive correlation between Nectin‐4 expression and tumour volume (r = 0.623, p < 0.05) and tumour weight (r = 0.735, p < 0.05). Regarding prognosis, the median survival time was 427 days in high Nectin‐4 cases and 420 days in cases with no Nectin‐4 expression. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that Nectin‐4 is highly expressed in CPLA. In addition, nectin‐4 might be a tumour growth factor in CPLA and thus is a promising biomarker for CPLA. Further investigations on nectin‐4 in CPLA are warranted for its diagnosis and novel targets for oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
- Laboratory Animal Research Center The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kumiko Ishigaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Orie Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Terai Kazuyuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Naoki Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Tatsuya Heishima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa Japan
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Yoon S, Shin SJ, Kim HC, Kim YS, Lee HJ, Keam B, Choi YJ, Kim YJ, Park I, Park SH, Lee JL. Enfortumab vedotin-related pneumonitis is more common than expected and could lead to acute respiratory failure. Eur J Cancer 2022; 174:81-89. [PMID: 35985251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the incidence of pneumonitis related to enfortumab vedotin (EV) in patients with metastatic urothelial cell carcinoma (mUC). METHODS Patients with mUC who participated in two EV clinical trials in South Korea were analysed for the incidence and clinical course of EV-related pneumonitis through retrospective, independent review. The clinical characteristics and radiologic attributes of potential pneumonitis were identified and reviewed by the participating investigators and pulmonologists. RESULTS Between October 2018 and January 2020, 64 patients were enrolled in the EV-201 and EV-301 trials across eight institutions in South Korea and were treated with EV. Among them, 18 (28.1%) developed all-grade EV-related pneumonitis, from which 2 (11.1%) patients died. The median time between the last dosing of immunotherapy and the start of EV was 5.6 weeks (range, 0.71-143.1). The median time from the start of EV treatment to the onset of pneumonitis was 13 weeks (range, 2.7-51.0). Of the patients who developed pneumonitis, 7 (38.9%) were clinically asymptomatic. The most common radiologic finding was organising pneumonia (66.7%). CONCLUSIONS Although we could not rule out the relationship with prior immunotherapy administration, EV-related pneumonitis occurred in approximately 25% of the patients who had received EV in two prospective clinical trials, from which two died. Clinicians should closely monitor patients who have experienced immunotherapy treatment failure for the development of pneumonitis. A delay between initiating EV after termination of immunotherapy should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinkyo Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Saing Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Choi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkeun Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Liu Y, Li G, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Huang X, Wei X, Zhou P, Liu M, Zhao G, Feng J, Wang G. Nectin-4 promotes osteosarcoma progression and metastasis through activating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling by down-regulation of miR-520c-3p. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:252. [PMID: 35953862 PMCID: PMC9367085 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nectin-4 is specifically up-regulated in various tumors, exert crucial effects on tumor occurrence and development. Nevertheless, the role and molecular mechanism of Nectin-4 in osteosarcoma (OS) are rarely studied. Methods The expression of Nectin-4 and its relationship with clinical characteristics of OS were investigated using OS clinical tissues, tissue microarrays, TCGA, and GEO databases. Moreover, the effect of Nectin-4 on cell growth and mobility was detected by CCK-8, colony formation, transwell, and wound-healing assays. The RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore molecular mechanisms through which Nectin-4 mediates the expression of miR-520c-3p, thus modulating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling. In vivo mice models constructed by subcutaneous transplantation and tail vein injection were used to validate the functional roles of Nectin-4 and miR-520c-3p. Results Nectin-4 displayed a higher expression in OS tumor tissues compared with normal tissues, and its overexpression was positively associated with tumor stage and metastasis in OS patients. Functionally, Nectin-4 enhanced OS cells growth and mobility in vitro. Mechanistically, Nectin-4 down-regulated the levels of miR-520c-3p that directly targeted AKT-1 and P65, thus leading to the stimulation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling. In addition, the expression of miR-520c-3p was apparently lower in OS tissues than in normal tissues, and its low expression was significantly related to tumor metastasis. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-520c-3p markedly blocked the effect of Nectin-4 on OS cell growth and mobility. Knockdown of Nectin-4 could suppress the tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo, which could be remarkably reversed by miR-520c-3p silencing. Conclusions Nectin-4 as an oncogene can promote OS progression and metastasis by activating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling via down-regulation of miR-520c-3p, which could represent a novel avenue for identifying a potential therapeutic target for improving patient outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02669-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu Xi Road, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanghao Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu Xi Road, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu Xi Road, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu Xi Road, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu Xi Road, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu Xi Road, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianfu Wei
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu Xi Road, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu Xi Road, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyan Feng
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu Xi Road, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
| | - Guowen Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu Xi Road, Tiyuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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Multiple Receptors Involved in Invasion and Neuropathogenicity of Canine Distemper Virus: A Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071520. [PMID: 35891500 PMCID: PMC9317347 DOI: 10.3390/v14071520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The canine distemper virus (CDV) is a morbillivirus that infects a broad range of terrestrial carnivores, predominantly canines, and is associated with high mortality. Similar to another morbillivirus, measles virus, which infects humans and nonhuman primates, CDV transmission from an infected host to a naïve host depends on two cellular receptors, namely, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM or CD150) and the adherens junction protein nectin-4 (also known as PVRL4). CDV can also invade the central nervous system by anterograde spread through olfactory nerves or in infected lymphocytes through the circulation, thus causing chronic progressive or relapsing demyelination of the brain. However, the absence of the two receptors in the white matter, primary cultured astrocytes, and neurons in the brain was recently demonstrated. Furthermore, a SLAM/nectin-4-blind recombinant CDV exhibits full cell-to-cell transmission in primary astrocytes. This strongly suggests the existence of a third CDV receptor expressed in neural cells, possibly glial cells. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the study of CDV receptors, highlighting the unidentified glial receptor and its contribution to pathogenicity in the host nervous system. The reviewed studies focus on CDV neuropathogenesis, and neural receptors may provide promising directions for the treatment of neurological diseases caused by CDV. We also present an overview of other neurotropic viruses to promote further research and identification of CDV neural receptors.
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Papak I, Chruściel E, Dziubek K, Kurkowiak M, Urban-Wójciuk Z, Marjański T, Rzyman W, Marek-Trzonkowska N. What Inhibits Natural Killers’ Performance in Tumour. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137030. [PMID: 35806034 PMCID: PMC9266640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells are innate lymphocytes with the ability to lyse tumour cells depending on the balance of their activating and inhibiting receptors. Growing numbers of clinical trials show promising results of NK cell-based immunotherapies. Unlike T cells, NK cells can lyse tumour cells independent of antigen presentation, based simply on their activation and inhibition receptors. Various strategies to improve NK cell-based therapies are being developed, all with one goal: to shift the balance to activation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of ways NK cells can lyse tumour cells and all the inhibitory signals stopping their cytotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Papak
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (E.C.); (K.D.); (M.K.); (Z.U.-W.)
| | - Elżbieta Chruściel
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (E.C.); (K.D.); (M.K.); (Z.U.-W.)
| | - Katarzyna Dziubek
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (E.C.); (K.D.); (M.K.); (Z.U.-W.)
| | - Małgorzata Kurkowiak
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (E.C.); (K.D.); (M.K.); (Z.U.-W.)
| | - Zuzanna Urban-Wójciuk
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (E.C.); (K.D.); (M.K.); (Z.U.-W.)
| | - Tomasz Marjański
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (T.M.); (W.R.)
| | - Witold Rzyman
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (T.M.); (W.R.)
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (I.P.); (E.C.); (K.D.); (M.K.); (Z.U.-W.)
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Annese T, Tamma R, Ribatti D. Update in TIGIT Immune-Checkpoint Role in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871085. [PMID: 35656508 PMCID: PMC9152184 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The in-depth characterization of cross-talk between tumor cells and T cells in solid and hematological malignancies will have to be considered to develop new therapeutical strategies concerning the reactivation and maintenance of patient-specific antitumor responses within the patient tumor microenvironment. Activation of immune cells depends on a delicate balance between activating and inhibitory signals mediated by different receptors. T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs), activated T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. TIGIT pathway regulates T cell-mediated tumor recognition in vivo and in vitro and represents an exciting target for checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. TIGIT blockade as monotherapy or in combination with other inhibitor receptors or drugs is emerging in clinical trials in patients with cancer. The purpose of this review is to update the role of TIGIT in cancer progression, looking at TIGIT pathways that are often upregulated in immune cells and at possible therapeutic strategies to avoid tumor aggressiveness, drug resistance, and treatment side effects. However, in the first part, we overviewed the role of immune checkpoints in immunoediting, the TIGIT structure and ligands, and summarized the key immune cells that express TIGIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Annese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Libera Università del Mediterraneo (LUM) Giuseppe Degennaro University, Bari, Italy.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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34
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Kedashiro S, Kameyama T, Mizutani K, Takai Y. Stimulatory role of nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2 in multilayered T47D cell proliferation. Genes Cells 2022; 27:451-464. [PMID: 35430770 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multilayered proliferation in an adherent culture as well as proliferation in a suspension culture is a characteristic feature of cancer cells. We previously showed using T47D human mammary cancer cells that nectin-4, upregulated in many cancer cells, cis-interacts with ErbB2 and its trastuzumab-resistant splice variants, p95-ErbB2 and ErbB2ΔEx16, and enhances DNA synthesis mainly through the PI3K-AKT pathway in an adherent culture. We showed here that only the combination of nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2, but not that of nectin-4 and ErbB2 or that of nectin-4 and ErbB2ΔEx16, cooperatively enhanced multilayered T47D cell proliferation through the Hippo pathway-mediated SOX2 gene expression in an adherent culture. T47D cells expressed the components of the apical junctional complex (AJC) consisting of adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions and cell polarity molecules, but not the AJ component afadin. The AJC and apicobasal polarity were disorganized in T47D cells in a monolayer and T47D cells stably expressing both nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2 in multilayers. These results indicate that nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2 play a stimulatory role in multilayered proliferation in an adherent culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kedashiro
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kameyama
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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35
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Cabaud O, Berger L, Crompot E, Adélaide J, Finetti P, Garnier S, Guille A, Carbuccia N, Farina A, Agavnian E, Chaffanet M, Gonçalves A, Charafe-Jauffret E, Mamessier E, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F, Lopez M. Overcoming Resistance to Anti-nectin-4 Antibody-Drug Conjugate. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1227-1235. [PMID: 35534238 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a fast-growing drug class in oncology. However, ADCs are associated with resistance, and therapies able to overcome it are of utmost importance. Recently, enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (EV) was approved in nectin-4+ metastatic urothelial cancer. We previously described PVRL4/nectin-4, as a new therapeutic target in breast cancer (BC), and produced an efficient EV-like ADC comprising a human anti-nectin-4 monoclonal antibody conjugated to monomethyl auristatin-E (MMAE) named N41mab-vcMMAE. To study the consequence of the long-term treatment with this ADC, we developed a preclinical BC model in mice, and report a mechanism of resistance to N41mab-vcMMAE after a 9- months treatment and a way to reverse it. RNA-sequencing pointed to an upregulation in resistant tumors of ABCB1 expression, encoding the multidrug resistance protein MDR-1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp), associated with focal gene amplification and high protein expression. Sensitivity to N41mab-vcMMAE of the resistant model was restored in vitro by P-gp pharmacological inhibitors, like tariquidar. P-gp is expressed in a variety of normal tissues. By delivering the drug to the tumor more specifically than does classical chemotherapy, we hypothesized that the combined use of ADC with P-gp inhibitors might reverse resistance in vivo without toxicity. Indeed, we showed that the tariquidar/N41mab-vcMMAE combination was well tolerated and induced a rapid regression of ADC-resistant tumors in mice. By contrast, the tariquidar/docetaxel combination was toxic and poorly efficient. These results show that ABC transporter inhibitors can be safely used with ADC to reverse ADC-induced resistance and open new opportunities in the fight against multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Cabaud
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - Ludovic Berger
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - Emerence Crompot
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - José Adélaide
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - Sèverine Garnier
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Guille
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Carbuccia
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - Anne Farina
- ICEP Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Agavnian
- ICEP Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Max Chaffanet
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Gonçalves
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- ICEP Platform, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Lopez
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Label « Ligue contre le cancer », Marseille, France
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Rastegarpanah M, Azadmanesh K, Negahdari B, Asgari Y, Mazloomi M. Screening of candidate genes associated with high titer production of oncolytic measles virus based on systems biology approach. Virus Genes 2022; 58:270-283. [PMID: 35477822 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The number of viral particles required for oncolytic activity of measles virus (MV) can be more than a million times greater than the reported amount for vaccination. The aim of the current study is to find potential genes and signaling pathways that may be involved in the high-titer production of MV. In this study, a systems biology approach was considered including collection of gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, obtaining differentially expressed genes (DEGs), performing gene ontology, functional enrichment analyses, and topological analyses on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Then, to validate the in-silico data, total RNA was isolated from five cell lines, and full-length cDNA from template RNA was synthesized. Subsequently, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed. We identified five hub genes, including RAC1, HSP90AA1, DNM1, LTBP1, and FSTL1 associated with the enhancement in MV titer. Pathway analysis indicated enrichment in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, axon guidance, proteoglycans in cancer, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, and calcium signaling pathways. Upon verification by RT-qPCR, the relative expression of candidate genes was generally consistent with our bioinformatics analysis. Hub genes and signaling pathways may be involved in understanding the pathological mechanisms by which measles virus manipulates host factors in order to facilitate its replication. RAC1, HSP90AA1, DNM1, LTBP1, and FSTL1 genes, in combination with genetic engineering techniques, will allow the direct design of high-throughput cell lines to answer the required amounts for the oncolytic activity of MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Rastegarpanah
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Asgari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Mazloomi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Zardavas D. Clinical development of antibody-drug conjugates in triple negative breast cancer: Can we jump higher? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:633-644. [PMID: 35451891 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive BC subtype, associated with higher rates of relapse in the primary disease setting and shorter overall survival upon metastatic relapse. The advent of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), able to deliver selectively potent chemotherapeutic agents, has demonstrated promising clinical activity, with the first approval of an ADC, i.e. Sacituzumab Govitecan, in the metastatic setting. The main scope of this paper is to provide the most recent data indicating the promise of this novel class of drugs, as potential tools to improve clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with TNBC. AREAS COVERED In this article, upon review of the main characteristics of TNBC, and those of ADCs, an overview of the data from clinical trials assessing ADCs in TNBC will be provided, including those that led to the first approval of such a drug for patients with metastatic disease; furthermore, several other ADCs targeting different proteins (over)expressed by TNBC undergo clinical development. Combinations of ADCs with other targeted agents are discussed; the most pertinent considerations for improving the chances of successful clinical development of ADCs in TNBC are provided. EXPERT OPINION ADCs are a potent class of targeted anticancer assets, with demonstrated efficacy against metastatic TNBC. Such assets could further improve clinical outcomes of patients with TNBC, and successful development depends upon: i) successful triaging of patients with the right ADC, ii) technical optimization of ADCs to maximize the efficacy, while reducing toxicity, and iii) assess rationally chosen combinations with synergistic antitumor activity and acceptable safety profile.
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Hashimoto H, Tanaka Y, Murata M, Ito T. Nectin-4: a Novel Therapeutic Target for Skin Cancers. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:578-593. [PMID: 35312963 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-00940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Nectin-4 is a tumor-associated antigen that is highly expressed on various cancer cells, and it has been further proposed to have roles in tumor development and propagation ranging from cellular proliferation to motility and invasion. Nectin-4 blockade reduces tumor proliferation and induces apoptosis in several malignancies. Nectin-4 has been used as a potential target in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) development. Enfortumab vedotin, an ADC against Nectin-4, has demonstrated efficacy against solid tumor malignancies. Enfortumab vedotin has received US Food and Drug Administration approval for treating urothelial cancer. Furthermore, the efficacy of ADCs against Nectin-4 against solid tumors other than urothelial cancer has been demonstrated in preclinical studies, and clinical trials examining the effects of enfortumab vedotin are ongoing. Recently, Nectin-4 was reported to be highly expressed in several skin cancers, including malignant melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and extramammary Paget's disease, and involved in tumor progression and survival in retrospective studies. Nectin-4-targeted therapies and ADCs against Nectin-4 could therefore be novel therapeutic options for skin cancers. This review highlights current knowledge on Nectin-4 in malignant tumors, the efficacy of enfortumab vedotin in clinical trials, and the prospects of Nectin-4-targeted agents against skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Maho Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Bouleftour W, Guillot A, Magné N. The Anti-Nectin 4: A Promising Tumor Cells Target. A Systematic Review. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:493-501. [PMID: 35131876 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nectin cell adhesion protein 4 (Nectin-4) is overexpressed in multiple human malignancies. Such aberrant expression is correlated with cancer progression and poor prognostic. Nectin-4 has emerged as a potential biomarker and promising targeted therapy. This review aimed to gather the current state of the literature about Nectin-4 relevance in preclinical tumor models and to summarize its clinical relevance regarding cancer. A systematic assessment of literature articles was performed by searching in PUBMED (MEDLINE) from the database inception to May 2021, following PRISMA guidelines. Preclinical models unanimously demonstrated membrane and cytoplasmic location of the Nectin-4. Furthermore, Nectin-4 was overexpressed whatever the location of the solid tumors. Interestingly, a heterogeneity of Nectin-4 expression has been highlighted in bladder urothelial carcinoma. High serum Nectin-4 level was correlated with treatment efficiency and disease progression. Finally, generated Anti-drug-Conjugated targeting Nectin-4 induced cell death in multiple tumor cell lines. Nectin-4 emerge as a promising target for anti-cancer drugs development because of its central role in tumorigenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Enfortumab vedotin targeting Nectin-4 demonstrated encouraging results and should be extended to other types of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Bouleftour
- Medical oncology department, Institut de cancérologie de la loire
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Ceci C, Lacal PM, Graziani G. Antibody-drug conjugates: Resurgent anticancer agents with multi-targeted therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108106. [PMID: 34990642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) constitute a relatively new group of anticancer agents, whose first appearance took place about two decades ago, but a renewed interest occurred in recent years, following the success of anti-cancer immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies. Indeed, an ADC combines the selectivity of a monoclonal antibody with the cell killing properties of a chemotherapeutic agent (payload), joined together through an appropriate linker. The antibody moiety targets a specific cell surface antigen expressed by tumor cells and/or cells of the tumor microenvironment and acts as a carrier that delivers the cytotoxic payload within the tumor mass. Despite advantages in terms of selectivity and potency, the development of ADCs is not devoid of challenges, due to: i) low tumor selectivity when the target antigens are not exclusively expressed by cancer cells; ii) premature release of the cytotoxic drug into the bloodstream as a consequence of linker instability; iii) development of tumor resistance mechanisms to the payload. All these factors may result in lack of efficacy and/or in no safety improvement compared to unconjugated cytotoxic agents. Nevertheless, the development of antibodies engineered to remain inert until activated in the tumor (e.g., antibodies activated proteolytically after internalization or by the acidic conditions of the tumor microenvironment) together with the discovery of innovative targets and cytotoxic or immunomodulatory payloads, have allowed the design of next-generation ADCs that are expected to possess improved therapeutic properties. This review provides an overview of approved ADCs, with related advantages and limitations, and of novel targets exploited by ADCs that are presently under clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy.
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Altered secretome by diesel exhaust particles and lipopolysaccharide in primary human nasal epithelium. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:2126-2138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lacouture ME, Patel AB, Rosenberg JE, O’Donnell PH. OUP accepted manuscript. Oncologist 2022; 27:e223-e232. [PMID: 35274723 PMCID: PMC8914492 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Lacouture
- ∗Corresponding author: Mario E. Lacouture, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. Tel: +646 608 2347;
| | - Anisha B Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter H O’Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Chatterjee S, Sinha S, Kundu CN. Nectin cell adhesion molecule-4 (NECTIN-4): A potential target for cancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174516. [PMID: 34547246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NECTIN-4 [a poliovirus receptor-related-4 (pvrl-4) encoded protein] is a Ca2+ independent immunoglobulin-like protein. Along with other Nectins (Nectin-1, -2 and -3), it is primarily involved in cell-cell adhesion. In contrast to other Nectins, Nectin-4 is specifically enriched in the embryonic and placental tissues but its expression significantly declines in adult life. In recent years, it has been found that Nectin-4 is especially overexpressed and served as a tumor associated inducer in various malignant tumors including breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, ovarian cancers etc. Over-expression of Nectin-4 is associated with various aspects of tumor progression like proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, metastasis, DNA repair, tumor relapse, poor prognosis in several types of cancer. This review systematically highlights the implications of Nectin-4 in every possible aspect of cancer and the molecular mechanism of Nectin-4 mediated cancer progression. We have further emphasized on the therapeutic strategies that are being proposed to specifically target Nectin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
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Hurov K, Lahdenranta J, Upadhyaya P, Haines E, Cohen H, Repash E, Kanakia D, Ma J, Kristensson J, You F, Campbell C, Witty D, Kelly M, Blakemore S, Jeffrey P, McDonnell K, Brandish P, Keen N. BT7480, a novel fully synthetic Bicycle tumor-targeted immune cell agonist™ ( Bicycle TICA™) induces tumor localized CD137 agonism. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002883. [PMID: 34725211 PMCID: PMC8562524 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD137 (4-1BB) is an immune costimulatory receptor with high therapeutic potential in cancer. We are creating tumor target-dependent CD137 agonists using a novel chemical approach based on fully synthetic constrained bicyclic peptide (Bicycle®) technology. Nectin-4 is overexpressed in multiple human cancers that may benefit from CD137 agonism. To this end, we have developed BT7480, a novel, first-in-class, Nectin-4/CD137 Bicycle tumor-targeted immune cell agonist™ (Bicycle TICA™). Methods Nectin-4 and CD137 co-expression analyses in primary human cancer samples was performed. Chemical conjugation of two CD137 Bicycles to a Nectin-4 Bicycle led to BT7480, which was then evaluated using a suite of in vitro and in vivo assays to characterize its pharmacology and mechanism of action. Results Transcriptional profiling revealed that Nectin-4 and CD137 were co-expressed in a variety of human cancers with high unmet need and spatial proteomic imaging found CD137-expressing immune cells were deeply penetrant within the tumor near Nectin-4-expressing cancer cells. BT7480 binds potently, specifically, and simultaneously to Nectin-4 and CD137. In co-cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor cells, this co-ligation causes robust Nectin-4-dependent CD137 agonism that is more potent than an anti-CD137 antibody agonist. Treatment of immunocompetent mice bearing Nectin-4-expressing tumors with BT7480 elicited a profound reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment including an early and rapid myeloid cell activation that precedes T cell infiltration and upregulation of cytotoxicity-related genes. BT7480 induces complete tumor regressions and resistance to tumor re-challenge. Importantly, antitumor activity is not dependent on continuous high drug levels in the plasma since a once weekly dosing cycle provides maximum antitumor activity despite minimal drug remaining in the plasma after day 2. BT7480 appears well tolerated in both rats and non-human primates at doses far greater than those expected to be clinically relevant, including absence of the hepatic toxicity observed with non-targeted CD137 agonists. Conclusion BT7480 is a highly potent Nectin-4-dependent CD137 agonist that produces complete regressions and antitumor immunity with only intermittent drug exposure in syngeneic mouse tumor models and is well tolerated in preclinical safety species. This work supports the clinical investigation of BT7480 for the treatment of cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Hurov
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Punit Upadhyaya
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Haines
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heather Cohen
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Repash
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Drasti Kanakia
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia Kristensson
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fanglei You
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carly Campbell
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Witty
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mike Kelly
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Blakemore
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phil Jeffrey
- Bicycle Therapeutics, B900 Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin McDonnell
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Brandish
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Keen
- Bicycle Therapeutics, 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
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Liu Y, Han X, Li L, Zhang Y, Huang X, Li G, Xu C, Yin M, Zhou P, Shi F, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang G. Role of Nectin‑4 protein in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:93. [PMID: 34664682 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nectin cell adhesion molecule (Nectin) family members are Ca2+‑independent immunoglobulin‑like cellular adhesion molecules (including Nectins 1‑4), involved in cell adhesion via homophilic/heterophilic interplay. In addition, the Nectin family plays a significant role in enhancing cellular viability and movement ability. In contrast to enrichment of Nectins 1‑3 in normal tissues, Nectin‑4 is particularly overexpressed in a number of tumor types, including breast, lung, urothelial, colorectal, pancreatic and ovarian cancer. Moreover, the upregulation of Nectin‑4 is an independent biomarker for overall survival in numerous cancer types. A large number of studies have revealed that high expression of Nectin‑4 is closely related to tumor occurrence and development in various cancer types, but the manner in which Nectin‑4 protein contributes to the onset and development of these malignancies is yet unknown. The present review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and functions of Nectin‑4 protein in the biological processes and current advances with regard to its expression and regulation in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxin Han
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Guanghao Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Chuncai Xu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Mengfan Yin
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Fanqi Shi
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Guowen Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Tsamouri MM, Steele TM, Mudryj M, Kent MS, Ghosh PM. Comparative Cancer Cell Signaling in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder in Dogs and Humans. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1472. [PMID: 34680588 PMCID: PMC8533305 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) is the most common type of bladder malignancy in humans, but also in dogs that represent a naturally occurring model for this disease. Dogs are immunocompetent animals that share risk factors, pathophysiological features, clinical signs and response to chemotherapeutics with human cancer patients. This review summarizes the fundamental pathways for canine MIUC initiation, progression, and metastasis, emerging therapeutic targets and mechanisms of drug resistance, and proposes new opportunities for potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics. Identifying similarities and differences between cancer signaling in dogs and humans is of utmost importance for the efficient translation of in vitro research to successful clinical trials for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Malvina Tsamouri
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Graduate Group in Integrative Pathobiology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas M. Steele
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael S. Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
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Duraivelan K, Samanta D. Emerging roles of the nectin family of cell adhesion molecules in tumour-associated pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188589. [PMID: 34237351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumour cells achieve maximum survival by modifying cellular machineries associated with processes such as cell division, migration, survival, and apoptosis, resulting in genetically complex and heterogeneous populations. While nectin and nectin-like cell adhesion molecules control development and maintenance of multicellular organisation in higher vertebrates by mediating cell-cell adhesion and related signalling processes, recent studies indicate that they also critically regulate growth and development of different types of cancers. In this review, we detail current knowledge about the role of nectin family members in various tumours. Furthermore, we also analyse the seemingly opposing roles of some members of nectin family in tumour-associated pathways, as they function as both tumour suppressors and oncogenes. Understanding this functional duality of nectin family in tumours will further our knowledge of molecular mechanisms regulating tumour development and progression, and contribute to the advancement of tumour diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheerthana Duraivelan
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Dibyendu Samanta
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Novel promising serum biomarkers for canine mammary tumors. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-021-00035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bogen JP, Grzeschik J, Jakobsen J, Bähre A, Hock B, Kolmar H. Treating Bladder Cancer: Engineering of Current and Next Generation Antibody-, Fusion Protein-, mRNA-, Cell- and Viral-Based Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2021; 11:672262. [PMID: 34123841 PMCID: PMC8191463 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a frequent malignancy and has a clinical need for new therapeutic approaches. Antibody and protein technologies came a long way in recent years and new engineering approaches were applied to generate innovative therapeutic entities with novel mechanisms of action. Furthermore, mRNA-based pharmaceuticals recently reached the market and CAR-T cells and viral-based gene therapy remain a major focus of biomedical research. This review focuses on the engineering of biologics, particularly therapeutic antibodies and their application in preclinical development and clinical trials, as well as approved monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of bladder cancer. Besides, newly emerging entities in the realm of bladder cancer like mRNA, gene therapy or cell-based therapeutics are discussed and evaluated. As many discussed molecules exhibit unique mechanisms of action based on innovative protein engineering, they reflect the next generation of cancer drugs. This review will shed light on the engineering strategies applied to develop these next generation treatments and provides deeper insights into their preclinical profiles, clinical stages, and ongoing trials. Furthermore, the distribution and expression of the targeted antigens and the intended mechanisms of action are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Bogen
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Ferring Darmstadt Laboratory, Biologics Technology and Development, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Joern Jakobsen
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals, International PharmaScience Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Bähre
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals, International PharmaScience Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hock
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ferring International Center S.A., Saint-Prex, Switzerland
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Wong JL, Rosenberg JE. Targeting nectin-4 by antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:863-873. [PMID: 34030536 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1929168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nectin-4 is a tumor-associated antigen overexpressed in urothelial carcinoma and several other malignancies. It has emerged as a compelling target for novel tumor-directed therapies, particularly as a component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a growing class of anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Development of nectin-4-directed therapies has been led by enfortumab vedotin (EV), an ADC comprised of a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for nectin-4 conjugated via a cleavable linker to the microtubule inhibitor MMAE. EV was approved in 2019 as a first-in-class agent for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma. AREAS COVERED This article discusses general principles relevant to ADC design and our current understanding of nectin-4 in normal physiology and malignancy, followed by a review of the development of EV as well as additional drug conjugate strategies targeting nectin-4. EXPERT OPINION EV offers proof-of-concept for the clinical utility of nectin-4-directed therapies and provides further support for ADCs as an important class of anti-cancer agents. Future development of nectin-4-targeted approaches will benefit from a deeper understanding of nectin-4 biology in both health and disease, as well as a detailed exploration of the mechanisms underlying therapeutic activity and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Wong
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,b Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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