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Nelson CR, Dzakpasu S, Moore AM, Darling EK, Edwards W, Murphy P, Scott H, Van Den Hof M, Ray JG. Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy across Canada. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:349. [PMID: 38714923 PMCID: PMC11075222 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary estimates of diabetes mellitus (DM) rates in pregnancy are lacking in Canada. Accordingly, this study examined trends in the rates of type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM) and gestational (GDM) DM in Canada over a 15-year period, and selected adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS This study used repeated cross-sectional data from the Canadian Institute of Health Information (CIHI) hospitalization discharge abstract database (DAD). Maternal delivery records were linked to their respective birth records from 2006 to 2019. The prevalence of T1DM, T2DM and GDM were calculated, including relative changes over time, assessed by a Cochrane-Armitage test. Also assessed were differences between provinces and territories in the prevalence of DM. RESULTS Over the 15-year study period, comprising 4,320,778 hospital deliveries in Canada, there was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of GDM and T1DM and T2DM. Compared to pregnancies without DM, all pregnancies with any form of DM had higher rates of hypertension and Caesarian delivery, and also adverse infant outcomes, including major congenital anomalies, preterm birth and large-for-gestational age birthweight. CONCLUSION Among 4.3 million pregnancies in Canada, there has been a rise in the prevalence of DM. T2DM and GDM are expected to increase further as more overweight women conceive in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Rm Nelson
- Maternal and Infant Health Section, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Susie Dzakpasu
- Maternal and Infant Health Section, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aideen M Moore
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth K Darling
- McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wesley Edwards
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Phil Murphy
- Newfoundland and Labrador Health Services CA, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Canada
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Michiel Van Den Hof
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Joel G Ray
- Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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McClymont E, Atkinson A, Albert A, Av-Gay G, Andrade J, Barrett J, Bogler T, Boucoiran I, Castillo E, D'Souza R, El-Chaâr D, Fadel S, Fell DB, Korchinski I, Kuret V, Ogilvie G, Poliquin V, Sadarangani M, Scott H, Snelgrove JW, Tunde-Byass M, Money D. Reactogenicity, pregnancy outcomes, and SARS-CoV-2 infection following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy in Canada: A national prospective cohort study. Vaccine 2023; 41:7183-7191. [PMID: 37865598 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe self-reported reactogenicity, pregnancy outcomes, and SARS-CoV-2 infection following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. DESIGN National, prospective cohort study. SETTING Participants across Canada were enrolled from July 2021 until June 2022. POPULATION Individuals pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of vaccination status, were included. METHODS The Canadian COVID-19 Vaccine Registry for Pregnant and Lactating Individuals (COVERED) was advertised through traditional and social media. Surveys were administered at baseline, following each vaccine dose if vaccinated, pregnancy conclusion, and every two months for 14 months. Changes to pregnancy or vaccination status, SARS-CoV-2 infections, or significant health events were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reactogenicity (local and systemic adverse events, and serious adverse events) within 1 week post-vaccination, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Among 2868 participants who received 1-2 doses of a COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy, adverse events described included: headache (19.5-33.9%), nausea (4.8-13.8%), fever (2.7-10.2%), and myalgia (33.4-42.2%). Reactogenicity was highest after the 2nd dose of vaccine in pregnancy. Compared to 1660 unvaccinated participants, there were no statistically significant differences in adverse pregnancy or infant outcomes, aside from an increased risk of NICU admission ≥ 24 h among the unvaccinated group. During follow-up, there was a higher rate of participant-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection in the unvaccinated compared to the vaccinated group (18[47.4%] vs. 786[27.3%]). CONCLUSIONS Participant-reported reactogenicity was similar to reports from non-pregnant adults. There was no increase in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes among vaccinated vs. unvaccinated participants and lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported in vaccinated participants. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT No significant increase in adverse pregnancy or infant outcomes among vaccinated versus unvaccinated pregnant women in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McClymont
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A Atkinson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A Albert
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - G Av-Gay
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Andrade
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - T Bogler
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - I Boucoiran
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - E Castillo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - R D'Souza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D El-Chaâr
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - S Fadel
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D B Fell
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - I Korchinski
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - V Kuret
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - G Ogilvie
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - V Poliquin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - M Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H Scott
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - J W Snelgrove
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Tunde-Byass
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D Money
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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Clarke E, Heugten KAV, Tollefson TN, Ridgley FN, Smith D, Brown JL, Scott H, Minter LJ. Comparison of Corticosterone Concentrations in Dermal Secretions and Urine in Free-Ranging Marine Toads ( Rhinella marina) in Human Care. Vet Med Int 2023; 2023:1467549. [PMID: 37766874 PMCID: PMC10522434 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1467549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosterone concentrations have been measured in amphibians by collecting blood or urine samples. However, blood sampling is invasive, and urine can be difficult to collect. A novel method of swabbing the skin of an amphibian has been utilized in numerous species but has not been verified in marine toads (Rhinella marina). This pilot study tested dermal swabs as a noninvasive method for collecting and measuring dermal corticosterone secretions. Swabs were used to collect dermal secretion samples from sixty-six free-ranging marine toads collected on Zoo Miami grounds. The subsequent day the toads were shipped to the North Carolina Zoo where dermal samples were collected again. Additional dermal and urine samples were collected on days 9, 15, 32, and 62 under human care to measure corticosterone concentrations. There was no significant correlation (P ≥ 0.05) noted between corticosterone concentrations reported in dermal swabs and those in urine samples at all four of the euthanasia time points or between the corticosterone concentrations reported in either urine or dermal swabs and the weight of the toads. Dermal swab concentrations (ng/mL) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) on the day of capture (0.64 ± 0.03) and the day of arrival (0.67 ± 0.03) than on day 15 (0.47 ± 0.03). The urine corticosterone concentrations decreased while the toads were in human care with a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) between days 9 (0.45 ± 0.07) and 32 (0.21 ± 0.06). This study demonstrated that dermal swabs can be used to collect marine toad corticosterone concentration samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Clarke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Kimberly Ange-van Heugten
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W. Broughton Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Environment Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Troy N. Tollefson
- Mazuri® Exotic Animal Nutrition, PMI Nutrition, 4001 Lexington Ave. North, Arden Hills, MN 55126, USA
| | - Frank N. Ridgley
- The Conservation and Research Department, Zoo Miami, 12400 SW 152nd St., Miami, FL 33177, USA
| | - Dustin Smith
- North Carolina Zoo, 4401 Zoo Pkwy, Asheboro, NC 27205, USA
| | - Janine L. Brown
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Rd., Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Heather Scott
- North Carolina Zoo, 4401 Zoo Pkwy, Asheboro, NC 27205, USA
| | - Larry J. Minter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environment Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- North Carolina Zoo, 4401 Zoo Pkwy, Asheboro, NC 27205, USA
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Kweyamba E, Nyamtema AS, LeBlanc JC, Shayo A, George RB, Scott H, Kilume O, Bulemela J, Abel Z, Mtey G. Scale up of anaesthesia services in underserved rural Tanzania. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1001. [PMID: 37723465 PMCID: PMC10506293 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of critical shortage of physician anaesthesiologists, the government of Tanzania adopted a task shifting strategy for provision of anaesthesia services. This paper describes the results of an operational study designed to increase the number of anaesthesia providers for emergency obstetric surgeries in order to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality in underserved rural Tanzania. METHODS In 2016 a before-after cohort study was conducted in seven health centres in rural Tanzania. Five health centres received an intervention and two were selected to track secular trends (control group). Ten associate clinicians, i.e. assistant medical officers, clinical officers, and nurse midwives, from five health centres were trained in anaesthesia skills for emergency obstetric surgeries for three months followed by quarterly supportive supervision, mentoring and teleconsultation to reinforce skills. Primary and secondary outcome measures included Caesarean delivery (CD) rate, quality and safety of anaesthesia, and uptake of the educational program for anaesthesia. RESULTS Out of the 2,179 CDs performed in the intervention facilities from 2016 to 2019, two women died from complications of anaesthesia. The risk of death from anaesthetic complications was 0.9 per 1000 CD (95% CI 0.1-3.3. The risk of death was not established in the control group because of inadequate documentation and records keeping. The proportion of CD performed under spinal anaesthesia in intervention facilities doubled from 28% (60/214 with 95% CI 22-35) at baseline (July 2014 - June 2016) to 57% (558/971 with 95% CI of 54-61) in year three (July 2018 - June 2019), while in the control group increased by only 40% from 19% (92/475 with 95% CI of 16-23) at baseline and 27% (68/251 with 95% CI of 22-33) in year three. In 2020I, this educational training program was then adopted by the government with minor content changes and increasing duration of training to six months. CONCLUSIONS This three month educational training program for associate clinicians in anaesthesia, complemented by supportive supervision, can increase the CD rate to one that fills the "unmet need" and the proportion of operations performed under spinal anaesthesia, the gold standard technique for CD. The program can be used to meet the urgent demand for anaesthesia services in other underserved areas in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kweyamba
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
- St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - A S Nyamtema
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania.
- St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania.
| | - J C LeBlanc
- Pediatrics, Community Health and Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie, Canada
| | - A Shayo
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - R B George
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie, Canada
| | - O Kilume
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
- St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - J Bulemela
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
- St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Z Abel
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - G Mtey
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
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Harman MAJ, Stanway SJ, Scott H, Demydchuk Y, Bezerra GA, Pellegrino S, Chen L, Brear P, Lulla A, Hyvönen M, Beswick PJ, Skynner MJ. Structure-Guided Chemical Optimization of Bicyclic Peptide ( Bicycle) Inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37433017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a metalloprotease that cleaves angiotensin II, a peptide substrate involved in the regulation of hypertension. Here, we identified a series of constrained bicyclic peptides, Bicycle, inhibitors of human ACE2 by panning highly diverse bacteriophage display libraries. These were used to generate X-ray crystal structures which were used to inform the design of additional Bicycles with increased affinity and inhibition of ACE2 enzymatic activity. This novel structural class of ACE2 inhibitors is among the most potent ACE2 inhibitors yet described in vitro, representing a valuable tool to further probe ACE2 function and for potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A J Harman
- BicycleTx Ltd., Portway Building Blocks A and B, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Steven J Stanway
- BicycleTx Ltd., Portway Building Blocks A and B, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Heather Scott
- BicycleTx Ltd., Portway Building Blocks A and B, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Yuliya Demydchuk
- BicycleTx Ltd., Portway Building Blocks A and B, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Gustavo Arruda Bezerra
- BicycleTx Ltd., Portway Building Blocks A and B, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Simone Pellegrino
- BicycleTx Ltd., Portway Building Blocks A and B, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Liuhong Chen
- BicycleTx Ltd., Portway Building Blocks A and B, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Paul Brear
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Aleksei Lulla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Paul J Beswick
- BicycleTx Ltd., Portway Building Blocks A and B, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
| | - Michael J Skynner
- BicycleTx Ltd., Portway Building Blocks A and B, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K
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6
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Atkinson A, Albert A, McClymont E, Andrade J, Beach L, Bolotin S, Boucoiran I, Bullard J, Charlton C, Crane J, Dougan S, Forest JC, German GJ, Giguère Y, Girouard G, Hankins C, Krajden M, Lang A, Levett P, Minion J, Neudorf C, Poliquin V, Robinson JL, Scott H, Stein DR, Tran V, Zahariadis G, Zhou HY, Money D. Canadian SARS-CoV-2 serological survey using antenatal serum samples: a retrospective seroprevalence study. CMAJ Open 2023; 11:E305-E313. [PMID: 37015743 PMCID: PMC10079308 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20220045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient data on the rate and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Canada has presented a substantial challenge to the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a representative sample of pregnant people throughout Canada, across multiple time points over 2 years of the pandemic, to describe the seroprevalence and show the ability of this process to provide prevalence estimates. METHODS This Canadian retrospective serological surveillance study used existing serological prenatal samples across 10 provinces over multiple time periods: Feb. 3-21, 2020; Aug. 24-Sept. 11, 2020; Nov. 16-Dec. 4, 2020; Nov. 15-Dec. 3, 2021; and results from the province of British Columbia during a period in which the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant was predominant, from Nov. 15, 2021, to June 11, 2022. Age and postal code administrative data allowed for comparison with concurrent polymerase chain reactivity (PCR)-positive results collected by Statistics Canada and the Canadian Surveillance of COVID-19 in Pregnancy (CANCOVID-Preg) project. RESULTS Seropositivity in antenatal serum as early as February 2020 indicates SARS-CoV-2 transmission before the World Health Organization's declaration of the pandemic. Seroprevalence in our sample of pregnant people was 1.84 to 8.90 times higher than the recorded concurrent PCR-positive prevalence recorded among females aged 20-49 years in November-December 2020. Overall seropositivity in our sample of pregnant people was low at the end of 2020, increasing to 15% in 1 province by the end of 2021. Seroprevalence among pregnant people in BC during the Omicron period increased from 5.8% to 43% from November 2021 to June 2022. INTERPRETATION These results indicate widespread vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccine availability in Canada. During the time periods sampled, public health tracking systems were under-reporting infections, and seroprevalence results during the Omicron period indicate extensive community spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Atkinson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Arianne Albert
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Elisabeth McClymont
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Janice Andrade
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Lori Beach
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Shelly Bolotin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Isabelle Boucoiran
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Jared Bullard
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Carmen Charlton
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Joan Crane
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Shelley Dougan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Jean-Claude Forest
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Greg J German
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Yves Giguère
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Gabriel Girouard
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Catherine Hankins
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Mel Krajden
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Amanda Lang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Paul Levett
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Jessica Minion
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Cory Neudorf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Vanessa Poliquin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Jason L Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Derek R Stein
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Vanessa Tran
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - George Zahariadis
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Hong Y Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - Deborah Money
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Atkinson, McClymont, Money), University of British Columbia; Women's Health Research Institute (Albert, Andrade, Money); Department of Pediatrics (McClymont), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology (Beach), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Bolotin), University of Toronto; Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Tran), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and School of Public Health (Boucoiran), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que.; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Bullard, Stein), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology (Charlton, H.Y. Zhou), University of Alberta; Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories (Charlton, R. Zhuo), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Crane), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Desnoyers, Girouard), Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB; Better Outcomes Network & Registry Ontario (Dougan), Ont.; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center and Departement of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology (Forest, Giguère), Université Laval, Quebec City, Que.; Health PEI (German, Robinson), Charlottetown, PEI; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology (German, Tran), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (Hankins), McGill University, Montreal, Que.; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Krajden, Levett), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Lang, Minion) and Department of Community Health & Epidemiology (Neudorf), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences (Poliquin), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (Scott), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Cadham Provincial Laboratory (Stein), Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Man.; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Zahariadis), Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
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Waight E, McIntyre S, Woolfenden S, Watson L, Reid S, Scott H, Martin T, Webb A, Badawi N, Smithers‐Sheedy H. Temporal trends, clinical characteristics, and sociodemographic profile of post-neonatally acquired cerebral palsy in Australia, 1973-2012: A population-based observational study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:107-116. [PMID: 35665921 PMCID: PMC10952665 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe post-neonatally acquired (PNN) cerebral palsy (CP) in terms of temporal trends in prevalence, clinical and sociodemographic profiles, known causes and associations between causes, and sociodemographic variables. METHOD Numerator data, a count of children with PNN-CP confirmed at 5 years of age (n = 523), was drawn from two Australian state CP registers (birth years 1973-2012). Poisson regression was used to investigate temporal trends in the prevalence of PNN-CP by 5-year intervals, calculated per 10 000 live births. Using data from all state and territory Australian CP registers (n = 469), distributions of clinical characteristics, PNN-CP causes, and sociodemographic factors were tabulated (birth years 1995-2012). χ2 and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between sociodemographic profile, Australian reference data, and known causes. RESULTS A significant temporal decline in PNN-CP in Victoria (p = 0.047) and Western Australia (p = 0.033) was observed. The most common proximal causes of PNN-CP were cerebrovascular accidents (34%, n = 158), infection (25%, n = 117), and non-accidental injuries (12%, n = 58). Children born to teenage mothers, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander mothers, or children born in remote areas were over-represented in this cohort compared with reference data (all p ≤ 0.001). Infectious causes were strongly associated with teenage motherhood (odds ratio 3.0 [95% confidence interval 1.1-8.2], p = 0.028) and remote living (odds ratio 4.5 [95% confidence interval 2.0-10.2], p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION Although prevalence of PNN-CP has declined, the over-representation of priority populations, and the relative severity of a condition that is largely preventable, suggest the need for more specific primary preventive measures and support. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Prevalence of post-neonatally acquired (PNN) cerebral palsy (CP) in Australia significantly declined between 1973 and 2012. Cerebrovascular accidents are the most common proximal cause of PNN-CP. Children born in remote areas are at greater risk of PNN-CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Waight
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance/Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance/Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Susan Woolfenden
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Linda Watson
- Western Australian Register of Developmental AnomaliesPerthWAAustralia
| | - Susan Reid
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Heather Scott
- Women's and Children's Health NetworkAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Tanya Martin
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Annabel Webb
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance/Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance/Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyWestmeadNSWAustralia
| | - Hayley Smithers‐Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance/Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
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8
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Dol J, Hughes B, Bonet M, Dorey R, Dorling J, Grant A, Langlois EV, Monaghan J, Ollivier R, Parker R, Roos N, Scott H, Shin HD, Curran J. Timing of neonatal mortality and severe morbidity during the postnatal period: a systematic review. JBI Evid Synth 2022; 21:98-199. [PMID: 36300916 PMCID: PMC9794155 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-21-00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to determine the timing of overall and cause-specific neonatal mortality and severe morbidity during the postnatal period (1-28 days). INTRODUCTION Despite significant focus on improving neonatal outcomes, many newborns continue to die or experience adverse health outcomes. While evidence on neonatal mortality and severe morbidity rates and causes are regularly updated, less is known on the specific timing of when they occur in the neonatal period. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review considered studies that reported on neonatal mortality daily in the first week; weekly in the first month; or day 1, days 2-7, and days 8-28. It also considered studies that reported on timing of severe neonatal morbidity. Studies that reported solely on preterm or high-risk infants were excluded, as these infants require specialized care. Due to the available evidence, mixed samples were included (eg, both preterm and full-term infants), reflecting a neonatal population that may include both low-risk and high-risk infants. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched for published studies on December 20, 2019, and updated on May 10, 2021. Critical appraisal was undertaken by 2 independent reviewers using standardized critical appraisal instruments from JBI. Quantitative data were extracted from included studies independently by 2 reviewers using a study-specific data extraction form. All conflicts were resolved through consensus or discussion with a third reviewer. Where possible, quantitative data were pooled in statistical meta-analysis. Where statistical pooling was not possible, findings were reported narratively. RESULTS A total of 51 studies from 36 articles reported on relevant outcomes. Of the 48 studies that reported on timing of mortality, there were 6,760,731 live births and 47,551 neonatal deaths with timing known. Of the 34 studies that reported daily deaths in the first week, the highest proportion of deaths occurred on the first day (first 24 hours, 38.8%), followed by day 2 (24-48 hours, 12.3%). Considering weekly mortality within the first month (n = 16 studies), the first week had the highest mortality (71.7%). Based on data from 46 studies, the highest proportion of deaths occurred on day 1 (39.5%), followed closely by days 2-7 (36.8%), with the remainder occurring between days 8 and 28 (23.0%). In terms of causes, birth asphyxia accounted for the highest proportion of deaths on day 1 (68.1%), severe infection between days 2 and 7 (48.1%), and diarrhea between days 8 and 28 (62.7%). Due to heterogeneity, neonatal morbidity data were described narratively. The mean critical appraisal score of all studies was 84% (SD = 16%). CONCLUSION Newborns experience high mortality throughout the entire postnatal period, with the highest mortality rate in the first week, particularly on the first day. Ensuring regular high-quality postnatal visits, particularly within the first week after birth, is paramount to reduce neonatal mortality and severe morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Dol
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brianna Hughes
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mercedes Bonet
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Dorey
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jon Dorling
- Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amy Grant
- Maritime SPOR Support Unit, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Etienne V. Langlois
- Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Monaghan
- Centre for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rachel Ollivier
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robin Parker
- W.K. Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie Libraries, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nathalie Roos
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Hwayeon Danielle Shin
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Janet Curran
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Mudd GE, Scott H, Chen L, van Rietschoten K, Ivanova-Berndt G, Dzionek K, Brown A, Watcham S, White L, Park PU, Jeffrey P, Rigby M, Beswick P. Discovery of BT8009: A Nectin-4 Targeting Bicycle Toxin Conjugate for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14337-14347. [PMID: 36204777 PMCID: PMC9661471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Bicycle toxin conjugates
(BTCs) are a promising new class
of molecules
for targeted delivery of toxin payloads into tumors. Herein we describe
the discovery of BT8009, a Nectin-4 targeting BTC currently under
clinical evaluation. Nectin-4 is overexpressed in multiple tumor types
and is a clinically validated target for selective delivery of cytotoxic
payloads. A Nectin-4 targeting bicyclic peptide was identified by
phage display, which showed highly selective binding for Nectin-4
but suffered from low plasma stability and poor physicochemical properties.
Multiparameter chemical optimization involving introduction of non-natural
amino acids resulted in a lead Bicycle that demonstrated high affinity
for Nectin-4, good stability in biological matrices, and a much-improved
physicochemical profile. The optimized Bicycle was conjugated to the
cytotoxin Monomethyl auristatin E via a cleavable linker to give the
targeted drug conjugate BT8009, which demonstrates potent anticancer
activity in in vivo rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E Mudd
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Heather Scott
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Liuhong Chen
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Dzionek
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Amy Brown
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Sophie Watcham
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Lewi White
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Peter U Park
- Bicycle Therapeutics, Inc., 4 Hartwell Place, Lexington 02421-3122, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Phil Jeffrey
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Mike Rigby
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Paul Beswick
- BicycleTx Limited, B900 Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
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10
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Torkington J, Harries R, O'Connell S, Knight L, Islam S, Bashir N, Watkins A, Fegan G, Cornish J, Rees B, Cole H, Jarvis H, Jones S, Russell I, Bosanquet D, Cleves A, Sewell B, Farr A, Zbrzyzna N, Fiera N, Ellis-Owen R, Hilton Z, Parry C, Bradbury A, Wall P, Hill J, Winter D, Cocks K, Harris D, Hilton J, Vakis S, Hanratty D, Rajagopal R, Akbar F, Ben-Sassi A, Francis N, Jones L, Williamson M, Lindsey I, West R, Smart C, Ziprin P, Agarwal T, Faulkner G, Pinkney T, Vimalachandran D, Lawes D, Faiz O, Nisar P, Smart N, Wilson T, Myers A, Lund J, Smolarek S, Acheson A, Horwood J, Ansell J, Phillips S, Davies M, Davies L, Bird S, Palmer N, Williams M, Galanopoulos G, Rao PD, Jones D, Barnett R, Tate S, Wheat J, Patel N, Rahmani S, Toynton E, Smith L, Reeves N, Kealaher E, Williams G, Sekaran C, Evans M, Beynon J, Egan R, Qasem E, Khot U, Ather S, Mummigati P, Taylor G, Williamson J, Lim J, Powell A, Nageswaran H, Williams A, Padmanabhan J, Phillips K, Ford T, Edwards J, Varney N, Hicks L, Greenway C, Chesters K, Jones H, Blake P, Brown C, Roche L, Jones D, Feeney M, Shah P, Rutter C, McGrath C, Curtis N, Pippard L, Perry J, Allison J, Ockrim J, Dalton R, Allison A, Rendell J, Howard L, Beesley K, Dennison G, Burton J, Bowen G, Duberley S, Richards L, Giles J, Katebe J, Dalton S, Wood J, Courtney E, Hompes R, Poole A, Ward S, Wilkinson L, Hardstaff L, Bogden M, Al-Rashedy M, Fensom C, Lunt N, McCurrie M, Peacock R, Malik K, Burns H, Townley B, Hill P, Sadat M, Khan U, Wignall C, Murati D, Dhanaratne M, Quaid S, Gurram S, Smith D, Harris P, Pollard J, DiBenedetto G, Chadwick J, Hull R, Bach S, Morton D, Hollier K, Hardy V, Ghods M, Tyrrell D, Ashraf S, Glasbey J, Ashraf M, Garner S, Whitehouse A, Yeung D, Mohamed SN, Wilkin R, Suggett N, Lee C, Bagul A, McNeill C, Eardley N, Mahapatra R, Gabriel C, Datt P, Mahmud S, Daniels I, McDermott F, Nodolsk M, Park L, Scott H, Trickett J, Bearn P, Trivedi P, Frost V, Gray C, Croft M, Beral D, Osborne J, Pugh R, Herdman G, George R, Howell AM, Al-Shahaby S, Narendrakumar B, Mohsen Y, Ijaz S, Nasseri M, Herrod P, Brear T, Reilly JJ, Sohal A, Otieno C, Lai W, Coleman M, Platt E, Patrick A, Pitman C, Balasubramanya S, Dickson E, Warman R, Newton C, Tani S, Simpson J, Banerjee A, Siddika A, Campion D, Humes D, Randhawa N, Saunders J, Bharathan B, Hay O. Incisional hernia following colorectal cancer surgery according to suture technique: Hughes Abdominal Repair Randomized Trial (HART). Br J Surg 2022; 109:943-950. [PMID: 35979802 PMCID: PMC10364691 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incisional hernias cause morbidity and may require further surgery. HART (Hughes Abdominal Repair Trial) assessed the effect of an alternative suture method on the incidence of incisional hernia following colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS A pragmatic multicentre single-blind RCT allocated patients undergoing midline incision for colorectal cancer to either Hughes closure (double far-near-near-far sutures of 1 nylon suture at 2-cm intervals along the fascia combined with conventional mass closure) or the surgeon's standard closure. The primary outcome was the incidence of incisional hernia at 1 year assessed by clinical examination. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. RESULTS Between August 2014 and February 2018, 802 patients were randomized to either Hughes closure (401) or the standard mass closure group (401). At 1 year after surgery, 672 patients (83.7 per cent) were included in the primary outcome analysis; 50 of 339 patients (14.8 per cent) in the Hughes group and 57 of 333 (17.1 per cent) in the standard closure group had incisional hernia (OR 0.84, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.27; P = 0.402). At 2 years, 78 patients (28.7 per cent) in the Hughes repair group and 84 (31.8 per cent) in the standard closure group had incisional hernia (OR 0.86, 0.59 to 1.25; P = 0.429). Adverse events were similar in the two groups, apart from the rate of surgical-site infection, which was higher in the Hughes group (13.2 versus 7.7 per cent; OR 1.82, 1.14 to 2.91; P = 0.011). CONCLUSION The incidence of incisional hernia after colorectal cancer surgery is high. There was no statistical difference in incidence between Hughes closure and mass closure at 1 or 2 years. REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN25616490 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
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11
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Nyamtema AS, Scott H, LeBlanc JC, Kweyamba E, Bulemela J, Shayo A, Kilume O, Abel Z, Mtey G. Improving access to emergency obstetric care in underserved rural Tanzania: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:649. [PMID: 35978292 PMCID: PMC9386955 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the key strategies to reducing maternal mortality is provision of emergency obstetric care services. This paper describes the results of improving availability of, and access to emergency obstetric care services in underserved rural Tanzania using associate clinicians. Methods A prospective cohort study of emergency obstetric care was implemented in seven health centres in Morogoro region, Tanzania from July 2016 to June 2019. In early 2016, forty-two associate clinicians from five health centres were trained in teams for three months in emergency obstetric care, newborn care and anaesthesia. Two health centres were unexposed to the intervention and served as controls. Following training, virtual teleconsultation, quarterly on-site supportive supervision and continuous mentorship were implemented to reinforce skills and knowledge. Results The met need for emergency obstetric care increased significantly from 45% (459/1025) at baseline (July 2014 – June 2016) to 119% (2010/1691) during the intervention period (Jul 2016 – June 2019). The met need for emergency obstetric care in the control group also increased from 53% (95% CI 49–58%) to 77% (95% CI 74–80%). Forty maternal deaths occurred during the baseline and intervention periods in the control and intervention health centres. The direct obstetric case fatality rate decreased slightly from 1.5% (95% CI 0.6–3.1%) to 1.1% (95% CI 0.7–1.6%) in the intervention group and from 3.3% (95% CI 1.2–7.0%) to 0.8% (95% CI 0.2–1.7%) in the control group. Conclusions When emergency obstetric care services are made available the proportion of obstetric complications treated in the facilities increases. However, the effort to scale up emergency obstetric care services in underserved rural areas should be accompanied by strategies to reinforce skills and the referral system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo S Nyamtema
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, P.O Box 39, Ifakara, Tanzania. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania.
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - John C LeBlanc
- Pediatrics, Community Health and Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Elias Kweyamba
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, P.O Box 39, Ifakara, Tanzania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Janet Bulemela
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, P.O Box 39, Ifakara, Tanzania.,Department of Paediatrics, St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Allan Shayo
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, P.O Box 39, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Omary Kilume
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, P.O Box 39, Ifakara, Tanzania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Zabron Abel
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, P.O Box 39, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Godfrey Mtey
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, P.O Box 39, Ifakara, Tanzania
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12
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Nyamtema AS, LeBlanc JC, Mtey G, Tomblin Murphy G, Kweyamba E, Bulemela J, Shayo A, Abel Z, Kilume O, Scott H, Rigby J. Scale up and strengthening of comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care in Tanzania. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271282. [PMID: 35802730 PMCID: PMC9269945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Tanzania, inadequate access to comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC) services is the major bottleneck for perinatal care and results in high maternal and perinatal mortality. From 2015 to 2019, the Accessing Safe Deliveries in Tanzania project was implemented to study how to improve access to CEmONC services in underserved rural areas. Methods A five-year longitudinal cohort study was implemented in seven health centres (HCs) and 21 satellite dispensaries in Morogoro region. Five of the health centres received CEmONC interventions and two served as controls. Forty-two associate clinicians from the intervention HCs were trained in teams for three months in CEmONC and anaesthesia. Managers of 20 intervention facilities, members of the district and regional health management teams were trained in leadership and management. Regular supportive supervision was conducted. Results Interventions resulted in improved responsibility and accountability among managers. In intervention HCs, the mean monthly deliveries increased from 183 (95% CI 174–191) at baseline (July 2014 –June 2016) to 358 (95% CI 328–390) during the intervention period (July 2016 –June 2019). The referral rate to district hospitals in intervention HCs decreased from 6.0% (262/4,392) with 95% CI 5.3–6.7 at baseline to 4.0% (516/12,918) with 95% CI 3.7–4.3 during the intervention period while it increased in the control group from 0.8% (48/5,709) to 1.5% (168/11,233). The obstetric case fatality rate decreased slightly from 1.5% (95% CI 0.6–3.1) at baseline to 1.1% (95% CI 0.7–1.6) during the intervention period (not statistically significant). Active engagement strategies and training in leadership and management resulted in uptake and improvement of CEmONC and anaesthesia curricula, and contributed to scale up of CEmONC at health centre level in the country. Conclusions Integration of leadership and managerial capacity building, with CEmONC-specific interventions was associated with health systems strengthening and improved quality of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo S. Nyamtema
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
- St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Godfrey Mtey
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Gail Tomblin Murphy
- WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning & Research, Dalhousie University and Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Elias Kweyamba
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
- St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Janet Bulemela
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
- St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Allan Shayo
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Zabron Abel
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Omary Kilume
- Tanzanian Training Centre for International Health, Ifakara, Tanzania
- St. Francis University College for Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | | | - Janet Rigby
- WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning & Research, Dalhousie University and Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Dufort FJ, Leitheiser CJ, Mudd G, Kristensson J, Rezvaya A, Gaynor K, Uhlenbroich S, Urbonas L, Scott H, Chen L, Harrison H, Skynner M, McDonnell K, Brandish PE, Keen N. Abstract 4233: Generation of a Bicycle NK-TICA™, a novel NK cell engaging molecule designed to induce targeted tumor cytotoxicity. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The tumor specific activation of natural killer (NK) cells is an area of active investigation in immune oncology, but to date has relied on complex biologic modalities (e.g., antibodies, fusion proteins, or cell therapies). NK cells are highly responsive immune cells that can detect and eliminate tumor cells and bridge innate to adaptive immune responses. Bicycles® are small (ca.1.5kDa), chemically synthetic, structurally constrained peptides discovered via phage display and optimized using structure-driven design and medicinal chemistry approaches. We have applied the Bicycle platform technology to identify Bicycles® that bind specifically to the key activating receptor, NKp46. When chemically coupled to tumor antigen binding Bicycles, this results in highly potent, antigen-dependent receptor activation and NK cell activation. We term this new class of fully synthetic molecules NK-TICAs and we will describe herein their discovery and evaluation.We demonstrate potent, selective binding of our Bicycles to receptor-expressing cells and the capability of the bifunctional molecule to induce NK cell function in vitro. With Bicycle’s novel NK-TICA™ compound, we demonstrate the engagement of NK cells, the specific activation and function of NK cells, and enhanced tumor cytotoxicity in a tumor target- and dose-dependent manner.In conclusion, NK-TICAs drive NK cell-mediated tumor cell killing and cytokine production in vitro and as such have the potential to catalyze the development of durable anti-tumor immunity in tumor types not well served by current therapies. We hypothesize that utilization of Bicycle NK-TICA™ as a multifunctional immune cell engager will promote the modulation of NK cells, as well as the infiltration and anti-tumor activity of NK cells in solid tumors. The data presented here provide initial proof of concept for the application of our Bicycle technology to drive NK cell-mediated tumor immunity.
Citation Format: Fay J. Dufort, Christopher J. Leitheiser, Gemma Mudd, Julia Kristensson, Alexandra Rezvaya, Katie Gaynor, Sandra Uhlenbroich, Liudvikas Urbonas, Heather Scott, Liuhong Chen, Helen Harrison, Michael Skynner, Kevin McDonnell, Philip E. Brandish, Nicholas Keen. Generation of a Bicycle NK-TICA™, a novel NK cell engaging molecule designed to induce targeted tumor cytotoxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4233.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gemma Mudd
- 2Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Katie Gaynor
- 2Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Liuhong Chen
- 2Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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McClymont E, Albert AY, Alton GD, Boucoiran I, Castillo E, Fell DB, Kuret V, Poliquin V, Reeve T, Scott H, Sprague AE, Carson G, Cassell K, Crane J, Elwood C, Joynt C, Murphy P, Murphy-Kaulbeck L, Saunders S, Shah P, Snelgrove JW, van Schalkwyk J, Yudin MH, Money D. Association of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy With Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes. JAMA 2022; 327:1983-1991. [PMID: 35499852 PMCID: PMC9062768 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.5906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There are limited high-quality, population-level data about the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy using contemporaneous comparator cohorts. OBJECTIVES To describe maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and to assess variables associated with severe disease in the pregnant population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS CANCOVID-Preg is an observational surveillance program for SARS-CoV-2-affected pregnancies in Canada. This analysis presents exploratory, population-level data from 6 Canadian provinces for the period of March 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021. A total of 6012 pregnant persons with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test result at any time in pregnancy (primarily due to symptomatic presentation) were included and compared with 2 contemporaneous groups including age-matched female individuals with SARS-CoV-2 and unaffected pregnant persons from the pandemic time period. EXPOSURE SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Incident infections in pregnancy were reported to CANCOVID-Preg by participating provinces/territories. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as risk factors for severe disease (ie, disease requiring hospitalization, admission to an intensive care unit/critical care unit, and/or oxygen therapy). RESULTS Among 6012 pregnant individuals with SARS-CoV-2 in Canada (median age, 31 [IQR, 28-35] years), the greatest proportion of cases were diagnosed at 28 to 37 weeks' gestation (35.7%). Non-White individuals were disproportionately represented. Being pregnant was associated with a significantly increased risk of SARS-CoV-2-related hospitalization compared with SARS-CoV-2 cases among all women aged 20 to 49 years in the general population of Canada (7.75% vs 2.93%; relative risk, 2.65 [95% CI, 2.41-2.88]) as well as an increased risk of intensive care unit/critical care unit admission (2.01% vs 0.37%; relative risk, 5.46 [95% CI, 4.50-6.53]). Increasing age, preexisting hypertension, and greater gestational age at diagnosis were significantly associated with worse maternal outcomes. The risk of preterm birth was significantly elevated among SARS-CoV-2-affected pregnancies (11.05% vs 6.76%; relative risk, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.52-1.76]), even in cases of milder disease not requiring hospitalization, compared with unaffected pregnancies during the same time period. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this exploratory surveillance study conducted in Canada from March 2020 to October 2021, SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was significantly associated with increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth McClymont
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arianne Y. Albert
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gillian D. Alton
- Better Outcomes Registry and Network (BORN) Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boucoiran
- Département d’Obstétrique-Gynécologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eliana Castillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deshayne B. Fell
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Verena Kuret
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vanessa Poliquin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tiffany Reeve
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ann E. Sprague
- Better Outcomes Registry and Network (BORN) Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - George Carson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Krista Cassell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Joan Crane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Canada
- Children’s and Women’s Health Program, Eastern Health, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Chelsea Elwood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chloe Joynt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Phil Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Canada
- Children’s and Women’s Health Program, Eastern Health, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | | | | | - Prakesh Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John W. Snelgrove
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie van Schalkwyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark H. Yudin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah Money
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sumner E, Craig C, Coleman J, Kumi H, Scott H. Low-fidelity simulation for management of postpartum haemorrhage in a Ghanaian teaching hospital. Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26:57-64. [PMID: 37584984 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2022/v26i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a pre/post study of a post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) simulation exercise at Korle Bu Hospital, using a low-fidelity birthing simulator and questionnaires. We aimed to evaluate low-fidelity simulation as a feasible and effective method of improving resident knowledge and confidence in a low-resource setting. Knowledge and confidence in PPH management were measured before and after using 5-point Likert scales and multiple-choice questions. A feedback survey was administered. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize demographics, confidence, and knowledge, with frequencies, means and standard deviations reported. Statistical significance of the change in scores was assessed using paired t tests. Statistically significant improvements in knowledge and confidence in managing PPH were evident following the simulation exercise. All participants agreed the simulation was educational, relevant and realistic, and 94% felt it could be incorporated into their training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sumner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University South St, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Catherine Craig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University South St, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jerry Coleman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Guggisberg Avenue, Korle Bu Accra, Ghana
| | - Henry Kumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Guggisberg Avenue, Korle Bu Accra, Ghana
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Dalhousie University South St, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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D'Souza R, Seymour RJ, Knight M, Dzakpasu S, Joseph KS, Thorne S, Ospina MB, Barrett J, Cook J, Fell DB, Scott H, Metcalfe A, van den Akker T, Lapinsky S, Skeith L, Murray-Davis B, Shah P, Forte M, Ashraf R, Chundamala J, Hutchinson SA, Chen KK, Malhamé I. Feasibility of establishing a Canadian Obstetric Survey System (CanOSS) for severe maternal morbidity: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061093. [PMID: 35321901 PMCID: PMC8943762 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe maternal morbidity (SMM)-an unexpected pregnancy-associated maternal outcome resulting in severe illness, prolonged hospitalisation or long-term disability-is recognised by many, as the preferred indicator of the quality of maternity care, especially in high-income countries. Obtaining comprehensive details on events and circumstances leading to SMM, obtained through maternity units, could complement data from large epidemiological studies and enable targeted interventions to improve maternal health. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of gathering such data from maternity units across Canadian provinces and territories, with the goal of establishing a national obstetric survey system for SMM in Canada. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We propose a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. We will first distribute a cross-sectional survey to leads of all maternity units across Canada to gather information on (1) Whether the unit has a system for reviewing SMM and the nature and format of this system, (2) Willingness to share anonymised data on SMM by direct entry using a web-based platform and (3) Respondents' perception on the definition and leading causes of SMM at a local level. This will be followed by semistructured interviews with respondent groups defined a priori, to identify barriers and facilitators for data sharing. We will perform an integrated analysis to determine feasibility outcomes, a narrative description of barriers and facilitators for data-sharing and resource implications for data acquisition on an annual basis, and variations in top-5 causes of SMM. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Mount Sinai and Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Boards. The study findings will be presented at annual scientific meetings of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, North American Society of Obstetric Medicine, and International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems and published in an open-access peer-reviewed Obstetrics and Gynaecology or General Internal Medicine journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan D'Souza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Seymour
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marian Knight
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susie Dzakpasu
- Maternal and Infant Health Section, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- The University of British Columbia School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara Thorne
- Division of Cardiology, Pregnancy & Heart Disease Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria B Ospina
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jon Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelynn Cook
- Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deshayne B Fell
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amy Metcalfe
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas van den Akker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Athena Institute, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Lapinsky
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Skeith
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beth Murray-Davis
- McMaster Midwifery Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prakesh Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milena Forte
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rizwana Ashraf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josie Chundamala
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah A Hutchinson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth K Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Isabelle Malhamé
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Dol J, Hughes B, Bonet M, Dorey R, Dorling J, Grant A, Langlois EV, Monaghan J, Ollivier R, Parker R, Roos N, Scott H, Shin HD, Curran J. Timing of maternal mortality and severe morbidity during the postpartum period. JBI Evid Synth 2022; 20:2119-2194. [PMID: 35916004 PMCID: PMC9594153 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-20-00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this review was to determine the timing of overall and cause-specific maternal mortality and severe morbidity during the postpartum period. Introduction: Many women continue to die or experience adverse health outcomes in the postpartum period; however, limited work has explored the timing of when women die or present complications during this period globally. Inclusion criteria: This review considered studies that reported on women after birth up to 6 weeks postpartum and included data on mortality and/or morbidity on the first day, days 2–7, and days 8–42. Studies that reported solely on high-risk women (eg, those with antenatal or intrapartum complications) were excluded, but mixed population samples were included (eg, low-risk and high-risk women). Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched for published studies on December 20, 2019, and searches were updated on May 11, 2021. Critical appraisal was undertaken by 2 independent reviewers using standardized critical appraisal instruments from JBI. Quantitative data were extracted from included studies independently by at least 2 reviewers using a study-specific data extraction form. Quantitative data were pooled, where possible. Identified studies were used to obtain the summary estimate (proportion) for each time point. Maternal mortality was calculated as the maternal deaths during a given period over the total number of maternal deaths known during the postpartum period. For cause-specific analysis, number of deaths due to a specific cause was the numerator, while the total number of women who died due to the same cause in that period was the denominator. Random effects models were run to pool incidence proportion for relative risk of overall maternal deaths. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to country income classification and by date (ie, data collection before or after 2010). Where statistical pooling was not possible, the findings were reported narratively. Results: A total of 32 studies reported on maternal outcomes from 17 reports, all reporting on mixed populations. Most maternal deaths occurred on the first day (48.9%), with 24.5% of deaths occurring between days 2 and 7, and 24.9% occurring between days 8 and 42. Maternal mortality due to postpartum hemorrhage and embolism occurred predominantly on the first day (79.1% and 58.2%, respectively). Most deaths due to postpartum eclampsia and hypertensive disorders occurred within the first week (44.3% on day 1 and 37.1% on days 2–7). Most deaths due to infection occurred between days 8 and 42 (61.3%). Due to heterogeneity, maternal morbidity data are described narratively, with morbidity predominantly occurring within the first 2 weeks. The mean critical appraisal score across all included studies was 85.9% (standard deviation = 13.6%). Conclusion: Women experience mortality throughout the entire postpartum period, with the highest mortality rate on the first day. Access to high-quality care during the postpartum period, including enhanced frequency and quality of postpartum assessments during the first 42 days after birth, is essential to improving maternal outcomes and to continue reducing maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42020187341
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Dol
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH_NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brianna Hughes
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH_NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mercedes Bonet
- UNDP/UNFPA/ UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Dorey
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jon Dorling
- Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amy Grant
- Maritime SPOR Support Unit, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Etienne V. Langlois
- Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Monaghan
- Centre for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rachel Ollivier
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robin Parker
- W.K. Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie Libraries, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nathalie Roos
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Hwayeon Danielle Shin
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH_NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Janet Curran
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH_NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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18
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MacKenzie M, Scott H, Reid K, Gardani M. Adolescent perspectives of bedtime social media use: a qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 63:101626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu S, Dzakpasu S, Nelson C, Wei SQ, Little J, Scott H, Joseph KS. Reply to Letter to the Editor Re: Liu et al., Pregnancy Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada, March to August 2020. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2022; 44:9-10. [PMID: 35033336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Liu
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.
| | - Susie Dzakpasu
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Chantal Nelson
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Shu Qin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC; Bureau d'information et d'études en santé des populations, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, QC
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's and Women's Hospital and Health Centre, and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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20
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Muraca GM, Boutin A, Razaz N, Lisonkova S, John S, Ting JY, Scott H, Kramer MS, Joseph KS. Maternal and neonatal trauma following operative vaginal delivery. CMAJ 2022; 194:E1-E12. [PMID: 35012946 PMCID: PMC8800478 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.210841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Operative vaginal delivery (OVD) is considered safe if carried out by trained personnel. However, opportunities for training in OVD have declined and, given these shifts in practice, the safety of OVD is unknown. We estimated incidence rates of trauma following OVD in Canada, and quantified variation in trauma rates by instrument, region, level of obstetric care and institutional OVD volume. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of all singleton, term deliveries in Canada between April 2013 and March 2019, excluding Quebec. Our main outcome measures were maternal trauma (e.g., obstetric anal sphincter injury, high vaginal lacerations) and neonatal trauma (e.g., subgaleal hemorrhage, brachial plexus injury). We calculated adjusted and stabilized rates of trauma using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results: Of 1 326 191 deliveries, 38 500 (2.9%) were attempted forceps deliveries and 110 987 (8.4%) were attempted vacuum deliveries. The maternal trauma rate following forceps delivery was 25.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.8%–25.7%) and the neonatal trauma rate was 9.6 (95% CI 8.6–10.6) per 1000 live births. Maternal and neonatal trauma rates following vacuum delivery were 13.2% (95% CI 13.0%–13.4%) and 9.6 (95% CI 9.0–10.2) per 1000 live births, respectively. Maternal trauma rates remained higher with forceps than with vacuum after adjustment for confounders (adjusted rate ratio 1.70, 95% CI 1.65–1.75) and varied by region, but not by level of obstetric care. Interpretation: In Canada, rates of trauma following OVD are higher than previously reported, irrespective of region, level of obstetric care and volume of OVD among hospitals. These results support a reassessment of OVD safety in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M Muraca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Muraca, Boutin, Lisonkova, John, Joseph), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine (Muraca, Razaz), Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (Boutin), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec; School of Population and Public Health (Lisonkova, Joseph); Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics (Ting), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott), Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Departments of Epidemiology and Occupation Health and of Pediatrics (Kramer), McGill University, Montréal, Que.
| | - Amélie Boutin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Muraca, Boutin, Lisonkova, John, Joseph), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine (Muraca, Razaz), Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (Boutin), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec; School of Population and Public Health (Lisonkova, Joseph); Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics (Ting), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott), Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Departments of Epidemiology and Occupation Health and of Pediatrics (Kramer), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Neda Razaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Muraca, Boutin, Lisonkova, John, Joseph), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine (Muraca, Razaz), Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (Boutin), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec; School of Population and Public Health (Lisonkova, Joseph); Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics (Ting), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott), Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Departments of Epidemiology and Occupation Health and of Pediatrics (Kramer), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Sarka Lisonkova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Muraca, Boutin, Lisonkova, John, Joseph), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine (Muraca, Razaz), Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (Boutin), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec; School of Population and Public Health (Lisonkova, Joseph); Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics (Ting), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott), Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Departments of Epidemiology and Occupation Health and of Pediatrics (Kramer), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Sid John
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Muraca, Boutin, Lisonkova, John, Joseph), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine (Muraca, Razaz), Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (Boutin), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec; School of Population and Public Health (Lisonkova, Joseph); Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics (Ting), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott), Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Departments of Epidemiology and Occupation Health and of Pediatrics (Kramer), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Joseph Y Ting
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Muraca, Boutin, Lisonkova, John, Joseph), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine (Muraca, Razaz), Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (Boutin), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec; School of Population and Public Health (Lisonkova, Joseph); Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics (Ting), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott), Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Departments of Epidemiology and Occupation Health and of Pediatrics (Kramer), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Muraca, Boutin, Lisonkova, John, Joseph), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine (Muraca, Razaz), Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (Boutin), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec; School of Population and Public Health (Lisonkova, Joseph); Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics (Ting), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott), Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Departments of Epidemiology and Occupation Health and of Pediatrics (Kramer), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Muraca, Boutin, Lisonkova, John, Joseph), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine (Muraca, Razaz), Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (Boutin), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec; School of Population and Public Health (Lisonkova, Joseph); Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics (Ting), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott), Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Departments of Epidemiology and Occupation Health and of Pediatrics (Kramer), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Muraca, Boutin, Lisonkova, John, Joseph), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine (Muraca, Razaz), Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (Boutin), Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec; School of Population and Public Health (Lisonkova, Joseph); Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics (Ting), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Scott), Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Departments of Epidemiology and Occupation Health and of Pediatrics (Kramer), McGill University, Montréal, Que
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21
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Freel T, Koutsos E, Minter LJ, Tollefson T, Ridgley F, Smith D, Scott H, Ange-van Heugten K. Cane toad (Rhinella marina) vitamin A, vitamin E, and carotenoid kinetics. Zoo Biol 2022; 41:34-43. [PMID: 34455629 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many amphibian species are threatened with extinction. Understanding their vitamin A (retinol), E (alpha-tocopherol), and carotenoid requirements is vital, as normal levels of these nutrients have a known connection to breeding success with abnormal levels leading to disease. This research examined vitamins A, E, and carotenoids (apocarotenoid, beta-carotene; beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and esters) concentration kinetics in the liver and plasma of 65 (57.8) cane toads (Rhinella marina) over 4 months supplemented with commercially available invertebrates in human care. Cane toads were opportunistically collected as part of a population control program for use as an amphibian model species. Toads were randomly assigned to one of two diets: treatment 1 was brown house crickets (Acheta domesticus) consuming Mazuri® Hi Calcium Gut Loading Diet without vitamin A or E supplement, plus fresh raw vegetables (carrot/sweet potato); Treatment 2 was the same diet except no vegetables. Ten toads were euthanized on Day 0 to analyze baseline free-ranging liver and plasma metabolites. Six toads consuming each treatment were euthanized on Days 22, 50, and 81, and n = 7 on Day 119 for analysis. Regardless of dietary treatment, most liver and blood metabolites were substantially higher at time 0 than all time points thereafter (p < .05); Ex: liver vitamin A at time 0 was 87.7 ± 16.12 µg/g while Day 119 for treatments 1 and 2 were 11.6 ± 1.19 and 8.2 ± 0.74, respectively. Few statistically significant differences between diets at the same time point were noted (p < .05). The results from this study indicate that additional or alternative diet supplementation may be needed for cane toads (and potentially other amphibians) to mimic their free-ranging diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarra Freel
- Department of Animal Science, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Troy Tollefson
- Mazuri® Exotic Animal Nutrition, PMI Nutrition, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Frank Ridgley
- Department of Conservation and Research, Zoo Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dustin Smith
- North Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Valkenborghs S, Anderson S, Scott H, Callister R. The characteristics and effects of exercise interventions on improving physical fitness in adults with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.09.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Woods S, Sosa EM, Kurowski-Burt A, Fleming M, Matheny K, Richardson A, Scott H, Perry B, Zornes I. Effects of wearing of metacarpal gloves on hand dexterity, function, and perceived comfort: A pilot study. Appl Ergon 2021; 97:103538. [PMID: 34325355 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metacarpal gloves are commonly used in heavy-duty industries such as mining and are typically thicker and bulkier than manufacturing or assembly industrial gloves. This pilot study investigates the impact of wearing metacarpal gloves on hand dexterity, functional capabilities, and perceived comfort. Four types of commercially available metacarpal gloves were selected for evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Evaluations included turning and placing tests, also grip, pinch, and screwdriver tests, and rating of the perceived level of effort. Dexterity test results showed that metacarpal gloves significantly reduced the ability to perform motor tasks requiring coordination compared to bare hands. Hand functions such as gripping, pinching, and forearm rotations were not significantly affected. However, the perceived level of effort needed to complete those hand functions increased as the metacarpal glove's bulkiness increased. High levels of mechanical protection typically offered by metacarpal gloves can inversely affect hand dexterity and hand exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- SueAnn Woods
- School of Medicine, Division of Occupational Therapy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Eduardo M Sosa
- Statler College of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Amy Kurowski-Burt
- School of Medicine, Division of Occupational Therapy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Marissa Fleming
- School of Medicine, Division of Occupational Therapy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Kristen Matheny
- School of Medicine, Division of Occupational Therapy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Ashlyn Richardson
- School of Medicine, Division of Occupational Therapy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Heather Scott
- School of Medicine, Division of Occupational Therapy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Brooke Perry
- School of Medicine, Division of Occupational Therapy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Isabella Zornes
- School of Medicine, Division of Occupational Therapy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
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24
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Liu S, Dzakpasu S, Nelson C, Wei SQ, Little J, Scott H, Joseph KS. Pregnancy outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, March to August 2020. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2021; 43:1406-1415. [PMID: 34332116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have documented changes in the rates preterm birth and stillbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic. We carried out a study to examine obstetric intervention, preterm birth, and stillbirth rates in Canada from March to August 2020. METHODS The study included all singleton hospital deliveries in Canada (excluding Québec) from March to August 2020 (and March to August for the years 2015-2019) with information obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Data for Ontario were examined separately because this province had the highest rates of COVID-19 in the study population. Rates and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to quantify pregnancy-related outcomes. RESULTS There were 136,445 and 717,905 singleton hospital deliveries in Canada (excluding Quebéc) in from March to August 2020 and between March and August 2015-2019, respectively. Rates of obstetric intervention declined in early gestation in 2020. Odds ratios for labour induction and cesarean delivery at <32 weeks gestation for March-August 2020 versus March-August in 2015 to 2019 were 0.84 (95% CI 0.74-0.95) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.85-1.00), respectively. Preterm birth rates increased in Canada (excluding Québec) from 6.42% in March-August 2015 to 6.74% in March-August 2019 but were unchanged in March-August 2020 (6.74%). Stillbirth rates were stable between March-August 2015 and March-August 2020. However, stillbirth rates peaked in Ontario in April 2020 due to higher rates of stillbirths at 20-27 and 37-41 weeks gestation. CONCLUSION Changes in labour induction and cesarean delivery at early gestation and other perinatal outcomes during the period of March to August 2020 highlight the need to reconsider the use and impact of obstetric services in pandemics as well as the need for timely perinatal surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Liu
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.
| | - Susie Dzakpasu
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Chantal Nelson
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Shu Qin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal; Bureau d'information et d'études en santé des populations, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's and Women's Hospital and Health Centre, and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Dol J, Richardson B, Bonet M, Langlois EV, Parker R, Scott H, Curran J. Timing of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in healthy women and newborns during the postnatal period: a systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 19:629-643. [PMID: 33074983 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-20-00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the timing of overall and cause-specific maternal and neonatal mortality and severe morbidity in healthy women and newborns during the postnatal period. INTRODUCTION Despite significant focus on improving maternal and neonatal outcomes, many women and newborns continue to die or suffer negative health outcomes within the postnatal period. While the maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity rates and causes are regularly updated, less is known on when they occur during the postnatal period. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider studies that include healthy women and newborns after birth to six weeks' and four weeks' postnatally, respectively, and includes data regarding time to death or complications. Studies that report solely on high risk women (eg, antenatal complications) or preterm or high-risk newborns will not be included in this review. METHODS The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished studies. After the initial search and removal of duplicates, titles and abstracts of all retrieved studies will be screened and the full text of selected reports will be assessed against the eligibility criteria. The reference list of all studies selected for critical appraisal will be screened for additional relevant studies/reports. Screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be completed by two independent reviewers. Findings from the studies/reports will be pooled in statistical meta-analysis or presented in narrative form including tables and figures. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42020187341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Dol
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brianna Richardson
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Halifax, NS, Canada.,School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mercedes Bonet
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne V Langlois
- Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robin Parker
- W.K. Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie Libraries, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Janet Curran
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Halifax, NS, Canada.,School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Sumner E, Scott H, Craig C, Coleman J, Kumi H. Improving resident confidence and knowledge in postpartum hemorrhage management with low-fidelity simulation training at a large teaching hospital in Ghana. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Goldsmith S, McIntyre S, Scott H, Himmelmann K, Smithers-Sheedy H, Andersen GL, Blair E, Badawi N, Garne E. Congenital anomalies in children with postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy: an international data linkage study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:421-428. [PMID: 33432582 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the major congenital anomalies present in children with postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy (CP), and to compare clinical outcomes and cause of postneonatally acquired CP between children with and without anomalies. METHOD Data were linked between total population CP and congenital anomaly registers in five European and three Australian regions for children born 1991 to 2009 (n=468 children with postneonatally acquired CP; 255 males, 213 females). Data were pooled and children classified into mutually exclusive categories based on type of congenital anomaly. The proportion of children with congenital anomalies was calculated. Clinical outcomes and cause of postneonatally acquired CP were compared between children with and without anomalies. RESULTS Major congenital anomalies were reported in 25.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.7-29.9) of children with postneonatally acquired CP. Cardiac anomalies, often severe, were common and present in 14.5% of children with postneonatally acquired CP. Clinical outcomes were not more severe in children with congenital anomalies than those without anomalies. Cause of postneonatally acquired CP differed with the presence of congenital anomalies, with cerebrovascular accidents predominating in the anomaly group. Congenital anomalies were likely associated with cause of postneonatally acquired CP in 77% of children with anomalies. INTERPRETATION In this large, international study of children with postneonatally acquired CP, congenital anomalies (particularly cardiac anomalies) were common. Future research should determine specific causal pathways to postneonatally acquired CP that include congenital anomalies to identify opportunities for prevention. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS One-quarter of children with postneonatally acquired cerebral palsy (CP) have a major congenital anomaly. Cardiac anomalies, often severe, are the most common anomalies. Causes of postneonatally acquired CP differ between children with and without congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Goldsmith
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heather Scott
- South Australian Birth Defects Register, Women's and Children's Hospital, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Himmelmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Regional Rehabilitation Centre for Children and Adolescents, Queen Silvia's Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hayley Smithers-Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guro L Andersen
- Cerebral Palsy Registry of Norway, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eve Blair
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ester Garne
- Paediatric Department, Hospital Lillebaelt Kolding, Kolding, Denmark
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28
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Joseph KS, Lee L, Arbour L, Auger N, Darling EK, Evans J, Little J, McDonald SD, Moore A, Murphy PA, Ray JG, Scott H, Shah P, VanDenHof M, Kramer MS. Stillbirth in Canada: anachronistic definition and registration processes impede public health surveillance and clinical care. Can J Public Health 2021; 112:766-772. [PMID: 33742313 PMCID: PMC8225733 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The archaic definition and registration processes for stillbirth currently prevalent in Canada impede both clinical care and public health. The situation is fraught because of definitional problems related to the inclusion of induced abortions at ≥20 weeks’ gestation as stillbirths: widespread uptake of prenatal diagnosis and induced abortion for serious congenital anomalies has resulted in an artefactual temporal increase in stillbirth rates in Canada and placed the country in an unfavourable position in international (stillbirth) rankings. Other problems with the Canadian stillbirth definition and registration processes extend to the inclusion of fetal reductions (for multi-fetal pregnancy) as stillbirths, and the use of inconsistent viability criteria for reporting stillbirth. This paper reviews the history of stillbirth registration in Canada, provides a rationale for updating the definition of fetal death and recommends a new definition and improved processes for fetal death registration. The recommendations proposed are intended to serve as a starting point for reformulating issues related to stillbirth, with the hope that building a consensus regarding a definition and registration procedures will facilitate clinical care and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and the Children's and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada.
| | - Lily Lee
- Perinatal Services BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura Arbour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and the Children's and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Auger
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jane Evans
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | - Aideen Moore
- University of Toronto and Sick Kids Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Phil A Murphy
- Perinatal Program of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Joel G Ray
- University of Toronto and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Scott
- Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Prakesh Shah
- University of Toronto and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michiel VanDenHof
- Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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29
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Rosen NO, Muise MD, Vannier SA, Chambers CT, Scott H. #postbabyhankypanky: An Empirically Based Knowledge Sharing Initiative About Sex and the Transition to Parenthood. Arch Sex Behav 2021; 49:2849-2861. [PMID: 32488647 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the many sexual concerns experienced by new parents, and their reported desire for more information on this topic, both parents and healthcare providers remain reticent to broach the subject. The goal of this project was to disseminate evidence-based knowledge from our prior research in a way that was accessible, engaging, and would spark further interest and communication for both new parents and healthcare providers. We convened a multidisciplinary advisory group that also involved community parents who provided feedback at all phases of this project. We developed five brief YouTube videos, each featuring a core research finding. Following an empirically supported strategic knowledge translation plan, we disseminated the videos to our target audiences (i.e., expectant and new parents, healthcare providers, educators, and other stakeholders) using social media from February 2018 to November 2019. Data were collected using YouTube analytics and an online survey (convenience sample: N = 225 parents; N = 161 healthcare providers). From the date of the launch, the videos had a reach of 91,766 views from 14 countries, with viewers watching an average of 90% of a video. Overall, quantitative and qualitative survey results suggested that the videos were acceptable and appropriate, and respondents were more confident and comfortable discussing sexual issues (with their partner/with their patients) and would like more information about postpartum sexuality after watching the videos. YouTube videos are an acceptable and effective way to disseminate evidence aimed at raising awareness of factors affecting sexuality in the transition to parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie O Rosen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Megan D Muise
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah A Vannier
- Department of Psychology, St. Thomas University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christine T Chambers
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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30
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Rosen NO, Muise MD, Vannier SA, Chambers CT, Scott H. #postbabyhankypanky: An Empirically Based Knowledge Sharing Initiative About Sex and the Transition to Parenthood. Arch Sex Behav 2021; 50:45-55. [PMID: 32488647 PMCID: PMC7878212 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the many sexual concerns experienced by new parents, and their reported desire for more information on this topic, both parents and healthcare providers remain reticent to broach the subject. The goal of this project was to disseminate evidence-based knowledge from our prior research in a way that was accessible, engaging, and would spark further interest and communication for both new parents and healthcare providers. We convened a multidisciplinary advisory group that also involved community parents who provided feedback at all phases of this project. We developed five brief YouTube videos, each featuring a core research finding. Following an empirically supported strategic knowledge translation plan, we disseminated the videos to our target audiences (i.e., expectant and new parents, healthcare providers, educators, and other stakeholders) using social media from February 2018 to November 2019. Data were collected using YouTube analytics and an online survey (convenience sample: N = 225 parents; N = 161 healthcare providers). From the date of the launch, the videos had a reach of 91,766 views from 14 countries, with viewers watching an average of 90% of a video. Overall, quantitative and qualitative survey results suggested that the videos were acceptable and appropriate, and respondents were more confident and comfortable discussing sexual issues (with their partner/with their patients) and would like more information about postpartum sexuality after watching the videos. YouTube videos are an acceptable and effective way to disseminate evidence aimed at raising awareness of factors affecting sexuality in the transition to parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie O Rosen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Megan D Muise
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah A Vannier
- Department of Psychology, St. Thomas University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christine T Chambers
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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McClymont E, Fell D, Albert A, Alton G, Barrett J, El-Chaar D, Harrold J, Krajden M, Lipsky N, Maan E, Malinowski A, Othman M, Raeside A, Ray J, Roberts A, Ryan G, Sadarangani M, Sauve L, van Schalkwyk J, Shah P, Snelgrove J, Sprague A, Ting J, Walker M, Whittle W, Williams C, Yudin M, Zipursky J, Abenhaim H, Boucoiran I, Castillo E, Crane J, Elwood C, Joynt C, Kotaska A, Martel J, Murphy-Kaulbeck L, Poliquin V, Ryan S, Saunders S, Scott H, Money D. Canadian surveillance of COVID-19 in pregnancy: Epidemiology and maternal and infant outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7683302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Scott H, Phillips TJ, Sze Y, Alfieri A, Rogers MF, Volpato V, Case CP, Brunton PJ. Maternal antioxidant treatment prevents the adverse effects of prenatal stress on the offspring's brain and behavior. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100281. [PMID: 33344732 PMCID: PMC7739187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal exposure to stress during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders in the offspring in later life. The mechanisms through which the effects of maternal stress are transmitted to the fetus are unclear, however the placenta, as the interface between mother and fetus, is likely to play a key role. Using a rat model, we investigated a role for placental oxidative stress in conveying the effects of maternal social stress to the fetus and the potential for treatment using a nanoparticle-bound antioxidant to prevent adverse outcomes in the offspring. Maternal psychosocial stress increased circulating corticosterone in the mother, but not in the fetuses. Maternal stress also induced oxidative stress in the placenta, but not in the fetal brain. Blocking oxidative stress using an antioxidant prevented the prenatal stress-induced anxiety phenotype in the male offspring, and prevented sex-specific neurobiological changes, specifically a reduction in dendrite lengths in the hippocampus, as well as reductions in the number of parvalbumin-positive neurons and GABA receptor subunits in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala of the male offspring. Importantly, many of these effects were mimicked in neuronal cultures by application of placental-conditioned medium or fetal plasma from stressed pregnancies, indicating molecules released from the placenta may mediate the effects of prenatal stress on the fetal brain. Indeed, both placenta-conditioned medium and fetal plasma contained differentially abundant microRNAs following maternal stress, and their predicted targets were enriched for genes relevant to nervous system development and psychiatric disorders. The results highlight placental oxidative stress as a key mediator in transmitting the maternal social stress effects on the offspring's brain and behavior, and offer a potential intervention to prevent stress-induced fetal programming of affective disorders. Social stress in pregnancy induces oxidative stress but is prevented by antioxidant. Prenatal stress induces behavioural, neuroanatomical and neurochemical changes. Maternal antioxidant treatment prevents stress-induced effects in the offspring. Maternal stress alters the balance of microRNAs secreted from the placenta. Placental oxidative stress mediates maternal social stress effects on the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Scott
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - T J Phillips
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Y Sze
- Division of Neurobiology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - A Alfieri
- Division of Neurobiology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - M F Rogers
- Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
| | - V Volpato
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - C P Case
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - P J Brunton
- Division of Neurobiology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Joint Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, PR China
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Boutin A, Cherian A, Liauw J, Dzakpasu S, Scott H, Van den Hof M, Cook J, Blake J, Joseph KS. Database Autopsy: An Efficient and Effective Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths in Canada. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2020; 43:58-66.e4. [PMID: 32980284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal death surveillance in Canada relies on hospitalization data, which lacks information on the underlying cause of death. We developed a method for identifying underlying causes of maternal death, and quantified the frequency of maternal death by cause. METHODS We used data from the Discharge Abstract Database for fiscal years 2013 to 2017 to identify women who died in Canadian hospitals (excluding Quebec) while pregnant or within 1 year of the end of pregnancy. A sequential narrative based on hospital admission(s) during and after pregnancy was constituted and reviewed to assign the underlying cause of death (based on the World Health Organization's framework). Maternal deaths (i.e., while pregnant or within 42 days after the end of pregnancy) and late maternal deaths (i.e., more than 42 days to a year after the end of pregnancy) were examined separately. RESULTS We identified 85 maternal deaths. Direct obstetric causes included 8 deaths (9%) related to complications of spontaneous or induced abortion; 9 (11%), to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; 15 (18%), to obstetric hemorrhage; 11 (13%), to pregnancy-related infection; 16 (19%), to other obstetric complications; and <5 (<6%), to complications of management. There were 21 (25%) maternal deaths with indirect obstetric causes, and <5 (<6%) with undetermined causes. Of 120 late maternal deaths, 16 (13%) had direct obstetric causes, among them, 9 deaths by suicide (56%). One hundred late maternal deaths (83%) had indirect obstetric causes; and <5 (<4%) had undetermined causes. CONCLUSIONS The majority of maternal deaths in Canada have direct obstetric causes, whereas most late maternal deaths have indirect obstetric causes. Suicide is an important direct cause of late maternal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Boutin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and the Children's and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
| | - Arlin Cherian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and the Children's and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Jessica Liauw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and the Children's and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Susie Dzakpasu
- Maternal and Infant Health Section, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - Michiel Van den Hof
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - Jocelynn Cook
- The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Ottawa, ON; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - Jennifer Blake
- The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, Ottawa, ON; Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and the Children's and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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Adriaens I, Friggens N, Ouweltjes W, Scott H, Aernouts B, Statham J. Productive life span and resilience rank can be predicted from on-farm first-parity sensor time series but not using a common equation across farms. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7155-7171. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Scott H, Mathai M. Mind the gap. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:382-383. [PMID: 31916261 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Scott
- Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Dzakpasu S, Deb‐Rinker P, Arbour L, Darling EK, Kramer MS, Liu S, Luo W, Murphy PA, Nelson C, Ray JG, Scott H, VandenHof M, Joseph KS. Severe maternal morbidity surveillance: Monitoring pregnant women at high risk for prolonged hospitalisation and death. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:427-439. [PMID: 31407359 PMCID: PMC7383693 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no international consensus on the definition and components of severe maternal morbidity (SMM). OBJECTIVES To propose a comprehensive definition of SMM, to create an empirically justified list of SMM types and subtypes, and to use this to examine SMM in Canada. METHODS Severe maternal morbidity was defined as a set of heterogeneous maternal conditions known to be associated with severe illness and with prolonged hospitalisation or high case fatality. Candidate SMM types/subtypes were evaluated using information on all hospital deliveries in Canada (excluding Quebec), 2006-2015. SMM rates for 2012-2016 were quantified as a composite and as SMM types/subtypes. Rate ratios and population attributable fractions (PAF) associated with overall and specific SMM types/subtypes were estimated in relation to length of hospital stay (LOS > 7 days) and case fatality. RESULTS There were 22 799 cases of SMM subtypes (among 1 418 545 deliveries) that were associated with a prolonged LOS or high case fatality. Between 2012 and 2016, the composite SMM rate was 16.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.9, 16.3) per 1000 deliveries. Severe pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome (514.6 per 100 000 deliveries), and severe postpartum haemorrhage (433.2 per 100 000 deliveries) were the most common SMM types, while case fatality rates among SMM subtypes were highest among women who had cardiac arrest and resuscitation (241.1 per 1000), hepatic failure (147.1 per 1000), dialysis (67.6 per 1000), and cerebrovascular accident/stroke (51.0 per 1000). The PAF for prolonged hospital stay related to SMM was 17.8% (95% CI 17.3, 18.3), while the PAF for maternal death associated with SMM was 88.0% (95% CI 74.6, 94.4). CONCLUSIONS The proposed definition of SMM and associated list of SMM subtypes could be used for standardised SMM surveillance, with rate ratios and PAFs associated with specific SMM types/subtypes serving to inform clinical practice and public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Dzakpasu
- Maternal, Child and Youth Health Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied ResearchPublic Health Agency of CanadaOttawaONCanada
| | - Paromita Deb‐Rinker
- Maternal, Child and Youth Health Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied ResearchPublic Health Agency of CanadaOttawaONCanada
| | - Laura Arbour
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVictoriaBCCanada
| | | | - Michael S. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Shiliang Liu
- Maternal, Child and Youth Health Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied ResearchPublic Health Agency of CanadaOttawaONCanada
| | - Wei Luo
- Maternal, Child and Youth Health Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied ResearchPublic Health Agency of CanadaOttawaONCanada
| | - Phil A. Murphy
- Perinatal Program of Newfoundland and LabradorSt. John’sNFLCanada
| | - Chantal Nelson
- Maternal, Child and Youth Health Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied ResearchPublic Health Agency of CanadaOttawaONCanada
| | - Joel G. Ray
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - Michiel VandenHof
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - K. S. Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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Scott H, Lovato N, Lack L. 1199 The Accuracy Of A New Sleep Ring Device For Tracking Sleep And Wakefulness Overnight Using Actigraphy. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
THIM is a new consumer ring-like device that can passively monitor sleep overnight using actigraphy. This project aimed to develop the THIM sleep tracking algorithm (Study 1), and test its accuracy against polysomnography (PSG) with another independent sample of good and poor sleepers (Study 2).
Methods
Study 1: 25 healthy individuals (15 females) aged 25.38 years (SD = 6.39) slept overnight in the sleep laboratory with THIM, the Philips Spectrum, the Fitbit Flex, and PSG recording simultaneously. The THIM sleep tracking algorithm was developed by optimising sensitivity and specificity with PSG. Study 2: An additional 20 individuals (14 females) aged 23.22 years (SD = 5.02) slept overnight in the sleep laboratory with the same devices as in Study 1.
Results
Study 1: THIM showed high agreement with PSG for estimating sleep (sensitivity = .91) and reasonably high agreement for wakefulness (specificity = .59). There were no significant differences between PSG and THIM for total sleep time, t(24) = 0.76, p = .46, or sleep efficiency, t(24) = 0.56, p = .58. Study 2: THIM showed high agreement with PSG for estimating sleep (sensitivity = .89) and wakefulness (specificity = .59). Compared to PSG, THIM significantly underestimated total sleep time, t(19) = 2.10, p = .049, and sleep efficiency, t(19) = 2.20, p = .04, by an average of 21.35 minutes (SD = 45.52) and 4.44% (SD = 9.04), respectively.
Conclusion
Together, these studies suggest that THIM is reasonably accurate for monitoring sleep overnight in healthy individuals. Slight modifications to the algorithm and additional sensors could be added to THIM to improve its accuracy. Future research will examine the accuracy of THIM with larger sample sizes and particularly for people with insomnia, with the goal being to incorporate sleep tracking into a mobile-based treatment program for insomnia.
Support
The project was funded in-part by the manufacturers of THIM, Re-Time Pty. Ltd. Additional funding was provided by Flinders University.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Scott
- Flinders University, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
| | - N Lovato
- Flinders University, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
| | - L Lack
- Flinders University, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
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Scott H, Whitelaw A, Canty A, Lovato N, Lack L. 1192 The Accuracy of a Novel Sleep Ring Device for Estimating Sleep Onset with Good and Poor Sleepers. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
THIM is a new ring-like sleep device that, if found to accurately measure sleep onset, could be used for a variety of clinical purposes. These include administering a brief but effective treatment for insomnia called Intensive Sleep Retraining, facilitating the optimal 10-minute power nap, and administering Multiple Sleep Latency Tests (MSLTs) outside of the sleep laboratory. This study assessed the accuracy of THIM for measuring sleep onset latency compared to polysomnography (PSG).
Methods
Twenty healthy individuals aged 23.6 years (SD = 4.89) underwent overnight PSG recording whilst using THIM on two nights in the sleep laboratory, one week apart. On each night, participants completed sleep onset trials for four hours whilst monitored via PSG. In these trials, participants attempted to fall asleep whilst responding to vibrations emitted from THIM. Once they failed to respond to two consecutive stimuli, THIM woke them with an intense vibration. Participants had a short break before attempting the next trial.
Results
On average, THIM overestimated sleep onset on the first night by 0.24 minutes (SD = 0.90). On the second night, THIM overestimated sleep onset by 0.82 minutes (SD = 1.31) and this discrepancy was not significantly different to that obtained on the first night, p = .08. The accuracy of THIM did not differ between good sleepers (Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score < 7) or poor sleepers (ISI score 8-15), p = .98.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that THIM is accurate at estimating sleep onset latency for both good and poor sleepers. The next step is to test THIM outside of the laboratory environment. The goal is to develop an accurate yet practical device that can translate laboratory-based procedures to the home environment, to the benefit of patients and clinicians wanting to improve sleep.
Support
The project was funded in-part by the manufacturers of THIM, Re-Time Pty. Ltd., with additional funding provided by Flinders University.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Scott
- Flinders University, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
| | - A Whitelaw
- Flinders University, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
| | - A Canty
- Flinders University, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
| | - N Lovato
- Flinders University, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
| | - L Lack
- Flinders University, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
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Ferguson I, Scott H. Systematic Review of the Effectiveness, Safety, and Acceptability of Mifepristone and Misoprostol for Medical Abortion in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2020; 42:1532-1542.e2. [PMID: 32912726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abortion-related complications remain one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nearly half of all abortions are unsafe, and the vast majority of these occur in low- and middle-income countries. The use of mifepristone with misoprostol for medical abortion has been proposed and implemented to improve abortion safety. DATA SOURCES A systematic review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL. STUDY SELECTION Criteria for study inclusion were first-trimester abortion, use of mifepristone with misoprostol, and low- or middle-income country status as designated by the World Health Organization. DATA EXTRACTION Results for effectiveness, safety, acceptability, and qualitative information were assessed. DATA SYNTHESIS The literature search resulted in 181 eligible articles, 52 of which met our criteria for inclusion. A total of 34 publications reported effectiveness data on 25 385 medical abortions. The average effectiveness rate with mifepristone 200 mg and misoprostol 800 µg was 95% up to 63 days gestation. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assume that all women lost to follow-up failed treatment, and the recalculated effectiveness rate remained high at 93%. The average continuing pregnancy rate was 0.6%. A total of 22 publications reported safety and acceptability data on 17 381 medical abortions. Only 0.8% abortions required presentation to hospital, and 87% of patients found the side effects of treatment acceptable. Overall, 95% of women were satisfied with their medical abortion, 94% would choose the method again, and 94% would recommend this method to a friend. A total of 16 publications reported qualitative results and the majority supported positive patient experiences with medical abortion. CONCLUSIONS Mifepristone and misoprostol is highly effective, safe, and acceptable to women in low- and middle-income countries, making it a feasible option for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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Zamani M, Skagen K, Scott H, Russell D, Skjelland M. Advanced ultrasound methods in assessment of carotid plaque instability: a prospective multimodal study. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:39. [PMID: 31996153 PMCID: PMC6990506 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-1620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A significant proportion of ischemic strokes are caused by emboli from atherosclerotic, unstable carotid artery plaques. The selection of patients for endarterectomy in current clinical practice is primarily based on the degree of carotid artery stenosis and clinical symptoms. However, the content of the plaque is known to be more important for stroke risk. Intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) has recently emerged as a possible surrogate marker for plaque instability. Neo-microvessels from the adventitial vasa vasorum grow into the full thickness of the vessel wall in an adaptive response to hypoxia, causing subsequent intraplaque haemorrhage and plaque rupture. Conventional ultrasound cannot detect IPN. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI), have, however, shown promise in IPN assessment. Recent research using Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) has also reported reduced tissue stiffness in the artery wall (reduced mean Young’s modulus) in unstable compared to stable plaques. The purpose of this study is to identify unstable carotid artery plaques at risk of rupture and future ischemic stroke risk using multimodal assessments. Methods Forty five symptomatic and 45 asymptomatic patients > 18 years, with > 50% carotid stenosis referred to Oslo University Hospital ultrasound lab will be included in this on-going project. Patients will undergo contrast enhanced ultrasound, SMI, carotid-MRI and PET-(18F-FDG). Contrast enhanced ultrasound will be analyzed semi-quantitatively (5-levels visual classification) and quantitatively by plotting time-intensity curve analyses to obtain plaque peak contrast enhancement intensity. Plaques removed at carotid endarterectomy will be assessed histologically and the number of microvessels, areas of inflammation, granulation, calcification, lipid and fibrosis will be measured. Discussion This multimodality study will primarily provide information on the clinical value of advanced ultrasound methods (SMI, SWE) for the detection of unstable carotid artery plaque in comparison with other methods including contrast-enhanced ultrasound, carotid-MRI and PET-(18F-FDG) using histology as the gold standard. Secondly, findings from the methods mentioned above will be related to cerebrovascular symptoms, blood tests (leukocytes, CRP, ESR, lipoproteins and inflammatory markers) and cardiovascular risk factors at inclusion and at 1-year follow-up. The overall aim is to optimize detection of plaque instability which can lead to better preventive decisions and reduced stroke rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zamani
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - K Skagen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Scott
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - D Russell
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Skjelland
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postboks 4950 Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Agrawal R, Browne R, Baldwin N, Scott H, Tso S. Faculty development: clinical dermatology for medical secretaries and administrative staff. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019; 45:479-481. [PMID: 31828812 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Agrawal
- Department of Dermatology, Warwick Hospital, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Lakin Road, Warwick, UK
| | - R Browne
- Department of Dermatology, Warwick Hospital, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Lakin Road, Warwick, UK
| | - N Baldwin
- Department of Dermatology, Warwick Hospital, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Lakin Road, Warwick, UK
| | - H Scott
- Department of Dermatology, Warwick Hospital, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Lakin Road, Warwick, UK
| | - S Tso
- Department of Dermatology, Warwick Hospital, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Lakin Road, Warwick, UK
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Mair A, Scott H, Lack L. A mobile phone app administration of intensive sleep re-training treatment of chronic insomnia in the home environment. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hebenton J, Scott H, Seenan C, Davie-Smith F. Relationship between models of care and key rehabilitation milestones following unilateral transtibial amputation: a national cross-sectional study. Physiotherapy 2019; 105:476-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.11.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Scott H, Mair A, Lovato N, Lack L. Administering intensive sleep retraining to treat chronic insomnia using the sleep on cue smartphone application. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Scott H, Lovato N, Lack L. The accuracy of the thim device for passively measuring sleep and wakefulness overnight with good and poor sleepers. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Stairs J, Bal N, Maguire F, Scott H. A resident-led clinic that promotes the health of refugee women through advocacy and partnership. Can Med Educ J 2019; 10:e102-e104. [PMID: 31814861 PMCID: PMC6892310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Stairs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Navpreet Bal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Finlay Maguire
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Scott H, Gilleard JS, Jelinski M, Barkema HW, Redman EM, Avramenko RW, Luby C, Kelton DF, Bauman CA, Keefe G, Dubuc J, Uehlinger FD. Prevalence, fecal egg counts, and species identification of gastrointestinal nematodes in replacement dairy heifers in Canada. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8251-8263. [PMID: 31326168 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Information is scarce regarding the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in Canadian dairy heifers. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and fecal egg counts of gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy heifers, and using a novel deep-amplicon sequencing approach, to identify the predominant gastrointestinal nematode species in Canadian dairy replacement heifers. Fresh environmental fecal samples (n = 2,369) were collected from replacement heifers on 306 dairy farms across western Canada, Ontario, Québec, and Atlantic Canada. Eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were determined using a modified Wisconsin double-centrifugation sugar flotation technique. Predominant nematode species at the farm level were identified by deep-amplicon nemabiome sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer-2 rDNA locus of nematode third-stage larvae. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate predicted parasite prevalence and mean EPG in all heifers and by province, allowing for clustering within herds. Individual heifer egg counts ranged from 0 to 141 EPG (median: 0 EPG; interquartile range: 0 to 71 EPG). Gastrointestinal nematodes were detected in 20.9% (95% confidence interval: 17.2 to 24.6%) of heifers, and the predicted mean strongylid EPG accounting for clustering on farms was 1.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.6 to 1.6). The predominant parasite species were Cooperia oncophora and Ostertagia ostertagi. This is the first study in Canada to use a combination of deep-amplicon nemabiome sequencing and a traditional egg count method to describe the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Scott
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B4
| | - J S Gilleard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - M Jelinski
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B4
| | - H W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - E M Redman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - R W Avramenko
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - C Luby
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B4
| | - D F Kelton
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 28 College Ave. W, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - C A Bauman
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 28 College Ave. W, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - G Keefe
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 50 University Ave., Charlottetown, PE, Canada, C1A 4P3
| | - J Dubuc
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada, J2S 2M2
| | - F D Uehlinger
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B4.
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Dzakpasu S, Deb-Rinker P, Arbour L, Darling EK, Kramer MS, Liu S, Luo W, Murphy PA, Nelson C, Ray JG, Scott H, VandenHof M, Joseph KS. Severe Maternal Morbidity in Canada: Temporal Trends and Regional Variations, 2003-2016. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2019; 41:1589-1598.e16. [PMID: 31060985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to quantify temporal trends and provincial and territorial variations in severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in Canada. METHODS The study used data on all hospital deliveries in Canada (excluding Québec) from 2003 to 2016 to examine temporal trends and from 2012 to 2016 to study regional variations. SMM was identified using diagnosis and intervention codes. Contrasts among periods and regions were quantified using rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Temporal changes were also assessed using chi-square tests for trend (Canadian Task Force Classification II-1). RESULTS The study population included 3 882 790 deliveries between 2003 and 2016 and 1 418 545 deliveries between 2012 and 2016. Severe hemorrhage rates increased from 44.8 in 2003 to 62.4 per 10 000 deliveries in 2012 (P for trend <0.0001) and then declined to 41.8 per 10 000 deliveries in 2016 (P for trend <0.0001). Maternal intensive care unit admission and sepsis rates decreased between 2003 and 2016, whereas rates of stroke, severe uterine rupture, hysterectomy, obstetric embolism, shock, and assisted ventilation increased. Rates of composite SMM in 2012-2016 were higher in Newfoundland and Labrador (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.04-1.26), Nova Scotia (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.03-1.19), New Brunswick (RR1.22; 95% CI 1.13-1.32), Manitoba (RR 1.09; 95% CI 1.03-1.15), Saskatchewan (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.09-1.22), the Yukon (RR 1.74; 95% CI 1.35-2.25), and Nunavut (RR 1.76; 95% CI 1.46-2.11) compared with the rest of Canada, whereas rates were lower in Alberta and British Columbia. CONCLUSION This surveillance report helps inform clinical practice and public health policy for improving maternal health in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Dzakpasu
- Maternal and Infant Health Section, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Paromita Deb-Rinker
- Maternal and Infant Health Section, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Laura Arbour
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC
| | | | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, QC; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Heath, McGill University, Montréal, QC
| | - Shiliang Liu
- Maternal and Infant Health Section, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Wei Luo
- Maternal and Infant Health Section, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Phil A Murphy
- Perinatal Program of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL
| | - Chantal Nelson
- Maternal and Infant Health Section, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Joel G Ray
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Heather Scott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Michiel VandenHof
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
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Coleman J, Okere M, Seffah J, Kember A, O'Brien LM, Borazjani A, Butler M, Wells J, MacRitchie S, Isaac A, Chu K, Scott H. The Ghana PrenaBelt trial: a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomised clinical trial to evaluate the effect of maternal positional therapy during third-trimester sleep on birth weight. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e022981. [PMID: 31048420 PMCID: PMC6502032 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect, on birth weight and birth weight centile, of use of the PrenaBelt, a maternal positional therapy device, during sleep in the home setting throughout the third trimester of pregnancy. DESIGN A double-blind, sham-controlled, randomised clinical trial. SETTING Conducted from September 2015 to May 2016, at a single, tertiary-level centre in Accra, Ghana. PARTICIPANTS Two-hundred participants entered the study. One-hundred-eighty-one participants completed the study. Participants were women, 18 to 35 years of age, with low-risk, singleton, pregnancies in their third-trimester, with body mass index <35 kg/m2 at the first antenatal appointment for the index pregnancy and without known foetal abnormalities, pregnancy complications or medical conditions complicating sleep. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomised by computer-generated, one-to-one, simple randomisation to receive either the PrenaBelt or sham-PrenaBelt. Participants were instructed to wear their assigned device to sleep every night for the remainder of their pregnancy (approximately 12 weeks in total) and were provided a sleep diary to track their use. Allocation concealment was by unmarked, security-tinted, sealed envelopes. Participants and the outcomes assessor were blinded to allocation. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were birth weight and birth weight centile. Secondary outcomes included adherence to using the assigned device nightly, sleeping position, pregnancy outcomes and feedback from participants and maternity personnel. RESULTS One-hundred-sixty-seven participants were included in the primary analysis. The adherence to using the assigned device nightly was 56%. The mean ±SD birth weight in the PrenaBelt group (n=83) was 3191g±483 and in the sham-PrenaBelt group (n=84) was 3081g±484 (difference 110 g, 95% CI -38 to 258, p=0.14). The median (IQR) customised birth weight centile in the PrenaBelt group was 43% (18 to 67) and in the sham-PrenaBelt group was 31% (14 to 58) (difference 7%, 95% CI -2 to 17, p=0.11). CONCLUSIONS The PrenaBelt did not have a statistically significant effect on birth weight or birth weight centile in comparison to the sham-PrenaBelt. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02379728.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Coleman
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Maxfield Okere
- Biostatistics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Seffah
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Allan Kember
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Louise M O'Brien
- University of Michigan Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ali Borazjani
- Global Innovations for Reproductive Health & Life, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Michael Butler
- Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jesse Wells
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Andre Isaac
- Innovative Canadians for Change, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kaishin Chu
- Method Squared Designhaus, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heather Scott
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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50
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Muller H, Horton L, Costa D, Amachawadi R, Scott H, Drouillard J. 256 Restricting tylosin use to the final 34. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Muller
- Kansas State University,Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - L Horton
- Kansas State University,Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - D Costa
- Kansas State University,Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - R Amachawadi
- Kansas State University College of Veterinary Science,Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - H Scott
- Texas A&M University,College Station, TX, United States
| | - J Drouillard
- Kansas State University,Manhattan, KS, United States
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