1
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Huang J, Wang H, Xu Y, Li C, Lv X, Han X, Chen X, Chen Y, Yu Z. The Role of CTNNA1 in Malignancies: An Updated Review. J Cancer 2023; 14:219-230. [PMID: 36741258 PMCID: PMC9891874 DOI: 10.7150/jca.79236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Catenin alpha 1 (CTNNA1), encoding α-catenin, is involved in several physiological activities, such as adherens junction synthesis and signal transduction. Recent studies have suggested additional functions for CTNNA1 malignancies. This review systematically summarizes the varying functions of CTNNA1 in different tumors and briefly describes the diverse pathways and mechanisms involved in different types of tumors. CTNNA1 is abnormally expressed in leukemia and solid tumor such as cancers of digestive system, genitourinary system and breast, and it's related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of tumors. In addition, the possible physiological processes involving CTNNA1, such as methylation, miRNA interference, or regulatory axes, similar to those of CDH1, SETD2, and hsa-miR-30d-5p/GJA1 are also summarized here. The precise mechanism of CTNNA1 in most cancers remains uncertain; hence, additional pre-clinical studies of CTNNA1 are warranted for potential early tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230023, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyue Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Xintong Han
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiying Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Zhiying Yu, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 Sungang West Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518035. Tel: 0755-83366388; Fax: +86 83366388-3048; E-mail:
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2
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Targeting β-catenin in acute myeloid leukaemia: past, present, and future perspectives. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231097. [PMID: 35352805 PMCID: PMC9069440 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive disease of the bone marrow with a poor prognosis. Evidence suggests long established chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat AML are reaching the limits of their efficacy, necessitating the urgent development of novel targeted therapies. Canonical Wnt signalling is an evolutionary conserved cascade heavily implicated in normal developmental and disease processes in humans. For over 15 years its been known that the central mediator of this pathway, β-catenin, is dysregulated in AML promoting the emergence, maintenance, and drug resistance of leukaemia stem cells. Yet, despite this knowledge, and subsequent studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting Wnt activity in haematological cancers, β-catenin inhibitors have not yet reached the clinic. The aim of this review is to summarise the current understanding regarding the role and mechanistic dysregulation of β-catenin in AML, and assess the therapeutic merit of pharmacologically targeting this molecule, drawing on lessons from other disease contexts.
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3
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Greve G, Schüler J, Grüning BA, Berberich B, Stomper J, Zimmer D, Gutenkunst L, Bönisch U, Meier R, Blagitko-Dorfs N, Grishina O, Pfeifer D, Weichenhan D, Plass C, Lübbert M. Decitabine Induces Gene Derepression on Monosomic Chromosomes: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects in Adverse-Risk Cytogenetics AML. Cancer Res 2020; 81:834-846. [PMID: 33203699 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypomethylating agents (HMA) have become the backbone of nonintensive acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS) treatment, also by virtue of their activity in patients with adverse genetics, for example, monosomal karyotypes, often with losses on chromosome 7, 5, or 17. No comparable activity is observed with cytarabine, a cytidine analogue without DNA-hypomethylating properties. As evidence exists for compounding hypermethylation and gene silencing of hemizygous tumor suppressor genes (TSG), we thus hypothesized that this effect may preferentially be reversed by the HMAs decitabine and azacitidine. An unbiased RNA-sequencing approach was developed to interrogate decitabine-induced transcriptome changes in AML cell lines with or without a deletion of chromosomes 7q, 5q or 17p. HMA treatment preferentially upregulated several hemizygous TSG in this genomic region, significantly derepressing endogenous retrovirus (ERV)3-1, with promoter demethylation, enhanced chromatin accessibility, and increased H3K4me3 levels. Decitabine globally reactivated multiple transposable elements, with activation of the dsRNA sensor RIG-I and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)7. Induction of ERV3-1 and RIG-I mRNA was also observed during decitabine treatment in vivo in serially sorted peripheral blood AML blasts. In patient-derived monosomal karyotype AML murine xenografts, decitabine treatment resulted in superior survival rates compared with cytarabine. Collectively, these data demonstrate preferential gene derepression and ERV reactivation in AML with chromosomal deletions, providing a mechanistic explanation that supports the clinical observation of superiority of HMA over cytarabine in this difficult-to-treat patient group. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings unravel the molecular mechanism underlying the intriguing clinical activity of HMAs in AML/MDS patients with chromosome 7 deletions and other monosomal karyotypes.See related commentary by O'Hagan et al., p. 813.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Greve
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schüler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn A Grüning
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Berberich
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Stomper
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Zimmer
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lea Gutenkunst
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bönisch
- Deep Sequencing Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Meier
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nadja Blagitko-Dorfs
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Grishina
- Clinical Trials Unit, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,DKTK Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Nicora G, Moretti F, Sauta E, Della Porta M, Malcovati L, Cazzola M, Quaglini S, Bellazzi R. A continuous-time Markov model approach for modeling myelodysplastic syndromes progression from cross-sectional data. J Biomed Inform 2020; 104:103398. [PMID: 32113003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The integration of both genomics and clinical data to model disease progression is now possible, thanks to the increasing availability of molecular patients' profiles. This may lead to the definition of novel decision support tools, able to tailor therapeutic interventions on the basis of a "precise" patients' risk stratification, given their health status evolution. However, longitudinal analysis requires long-term data collection and curation, which can be time demanding, expensive and sometimes unfeasible. Here we present a clinical decision support framework that combines the simulation of disease progression from cross-sectional data with a Markov model that exploits continuous-time transition probabilities derived from Cox regression. Trajectories between patients at different disease stages are stochastically built according to a measure of patient similarity, computed with a matrix tri-factorization technique. Such trajectories are seen as realizations drawn from the stochastic process driving the transitions between the disease stages. Eventually, Markov models applied to the resulting longitudinal dataset highlight potentially relevant clinical information. We applied our method to cross-sectional genomic and clinical data from a cohort of Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients. MDS are heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic disorders whose patients are characterized by different risks of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) development, defined by an international score. We computed patients' trajectories across increasing and subsequent levels of risk of developing AML, and we applied a Cox model to the simulated longitudinal dataset to assess whether genomic characteristics could be associated with a higher or lower probability of disease progression. We then used the learned parameters of such Cox model to calculate the transition probabilities of a continuous-time Markov model that describes the patients' evolution across stages. Our results are in most cases confirmed by previous studies, thus demonstrating that simulated longitudinal data represent a valuable resource to investigate disease progression of MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nicora
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - F Moretti
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - E Sauta
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - M Della Porta
- Cancer Center, Humanitas Research Hospital and Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - L Malcovati
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Cazzola
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Quaglini
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - R Bellazzi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Italy
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5
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Hosono N, Makishima H, Mahfouz R, Przychodzen B, Yoshida K, Jerez A, LaFramboise T, Polprasert C, Clemente MJ, Shiraishi Y, Chiba K, Tanaka H, Miyano S, Sanada M, Cui E, Verma AK, McDevitt MA, List AF, Saunthararajah Y, Sekeres MA, Boultwood J, Ogawa S, Maciejewski JP. Recurrent genetic defects on chromosome 5q in myeloid neoplasms. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6483-6495. [PMID: 28031539 PMCID: PMC5351647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deletion of chromosome 5q (del(5q)) is the most common karyotypic abnormality in myeloid neoplasms. Materials and Methods To define the pathogenic molecular features associated with del(5q), next–generation sequencing was applied to 133 patients with myeloid neoplasms (MDS; N = 69, MDS/MPN; N = 5, sAML; N = 29, pAML; N = 30) with del(5q) as a sole abnormally or a part of complex karyotype and results were compared to molecular features of patients diploid for chr5. Findings A number of 5q genes with haploinsufficient expression and/or recurrent somatic mutations were identified; for these genes, CSNK1A1 and G3BP1 within the commonly deleted 5q region and DDX41 within a commonly retained region were most commonly affected by somatic mutations. These genes showed consistent haploinsufficiency in deleted cases; low expression/mutations of G3BP1 or DDX41 were associated with poor survival, likely due to decreased cellular function. The most common mutations on other chromosomes in patients with del(5q) included TP53, and mutations of FLT3 (ITD or TKD), NPM1 or TET2 and were mutually exclusive. Serial sequencing allowed for definition of clonal architecture and dynamics, in patients with exome sequencing allelic imbalance for informative SNPs facilitated simultaneous approximation of clonal size of del(5q) and clonal burden for somatic mutations. Interpretation Our results illuminate the spectrum of molecular defects characteristic of del(5q), their clinical impact and succession of stepwise evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hosono
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideki Makishima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Reda Mahfouz
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bartlomiej Przychodzen
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andres Jerez
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chantana Polprasert
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Clemente
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Edward Cui
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amit K Verma
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael A McDevitt
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancy, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan F List
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mikkael A Sekeres
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,LLR Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- LLR Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Cancer Genomics Project, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Leukemia Program, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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6
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Mei Y, Zhao B, Basiorka AA, Yang J, Cao L, Zhang J, List A, Ji P. Age-related inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment induces ineffective erythropoiesis mimicking del(5q) MDS. Leukemia 2017; 32:1023-1033. [PMID: 29263441 PMCID: PMC5886057 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Anemia is characteristic of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The mechanisms of anemia in MDS are unclear. Using a mouse genetic approach, here we show that dual deficiency of mDia1 and miR-146a, encoded on chromosome 5q and commonly deleted in MDS (del(5q) MDS), causes an age-related anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis mimicking human MDS. We demonstrate that the ageing bone marrow microenvironment is important for the development of ineffective erythropoiesis in these mice. Damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), whose levels increase in ageing bone marrow, induced TNFα and IL-6 upregulation in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in mDia1/miR-146a double knockout mice. Mechanistically, we reveal that pathologic levels of TNFα and IL-6 inhibit erythroid colony formation and differentially affect terminal erythropoiesis through reactive oxygen species-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Treatment of the mDia1/miR-146a double knockout mice with all-trans retinoic acid, which promoted the differentiation of MDSCs and ameliorated the inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment, significantly rescued anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. Our study underscores the dual roles of the ageing microenvironment and genetic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of ineffective erythropoiesis in del(5q) MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mei
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A A Basiorka
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute and the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Cao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A List
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute and the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - P Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Cheng G, Yang S, Zhang G, Xu Y, Liu X, Sun W, Zhu L. Lipopolysaccharide-induced α-catenin downregulation enhances the motility of human colorectal cancer cells in an NF-κB signaling-dependent manner. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7563-7571. [PMID: 28008274 PMCID: PMC5167382 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s123986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Catenin is an important molecule involved in the maintenance of cell-cell adhesion and a prognostic marker in cancer since its expression is essential for preventing cancer metastasis. However, the mechanism that leads to the downregulation of α-catenin in cancer progression remains unclear. The present study revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB signaling activation suppressed α-catenin expression and motility in SW620 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and transwell migration assays. LPS treatment reduced both the mRNA and protein expression of α-catenin and thereby enhanced cell motility. Conversely, incubating cells with an NF-κB inhibitor disrupted these effects. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of p65 alone mimicked the effects of LPS stimulation. In CRC tissues, the presence of enteric bacterial LPS-related neutrophil-enriched foci was correlated with α-catenin downregulation. Collectively, these findings suggest that LPS-induced NF-κB signaling is related to α-catenin suppression and enhanced cell motility in CRC. Therefore, NF-κB is a novel potential therapeutic target for CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and Key laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province
| | - Shifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
| | - Gu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
| | - Yanxia Xu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and Key laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province
| | - Liang Zhu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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8
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Wang DD, Chen X, Yu DD, Yang SJ, Shen HY, Sha HH, Zhong SL, Zhao JH, Tang JH. miR-197: A novel biomarker for cancers. Gene 2016; 591:313-9. [PMID: 27320730 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that could regulate post-transcription level through binding to 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which were reported to be related with the incidence and development of diverse neoplasms. Among them, miR-197 was confirmed to play a vital role of oncogene or anti-oncogene in different cancers via targeting key tumorigenic or tumor-suppressive genes. Additionally, miR-197 had extensively been studied in carcinogenesis progression of cancers through various mechanisms, including apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and tumor suppressor, and also played a role in prognosis of cancers. In this review, we summarized the roles of miR-197 in cancers and considered it as a potentially novel biomarker for different cancers, offering an alternatively secure and effective tool in molecular targeting cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shen
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huan-Huan Sha
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shan-Liang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China.
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9
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CTNNA1 hypermethylation, a frequent event in acute myeloid leukemia, is independently associated with an adverse outcome. Oncotarget 2016; 7:31454-65. [PMID: 27129146 PMCID: PMC5058770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of CTNNA1 hypermethylation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in an attempt to improve molecular prognostic model. CTNNA1 promoter methylation levels in 319 newly diagnosed AML patients were detected using quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMS-PCR). Furthermore, hematological characteristics, cytogenetic abnormalities, and genetic mutation status were analyzed, followed by assessment of clinical impact. Our findings demonstrated that CTNNA1 hypermethylation was observed in 25% AML patients. Hypermethylation of the CTNNA1 promoter was associated with unfavorable karyotype, and also possessed the higher frequency of coexisting with ASXL1 and RUNX1 mutations. Patients with CTNNA1 hypermethylation exhibited the shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in the whole AML and non-M3 AML patients. Moreover, patients with the higher methylation levels had more aggressive course than those with relative lower levels. In multivariate analyses, CTNNA1 hypermethylation was an independent factor predicting for poor RFS, but not for OS. In conclusion, CTNNA1 hypermethylation may be a reliable factor for improving prognostic molecular model for AML.
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10
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Sun Y, Zhang J, Ma L. α-catenin. A tumor suppressor beyond adherens junctions. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2334-9. [PMID: 25483184 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Sun
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
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11
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Kang H, Wang X, Gao L, Cen J, Li M, Wang W, Wang N, Li Y, Wang L, Yu L. Clinical implications of the quantitative detection of ID4 gene methylation in myelodysplastic syndrome. Eur J Med Res 2015; 20:16. [PMID: 25889027 PMCID: PMC4336702 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-015-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) eventually transforms into acute leukemia (AL) in about 30% of patients. Hypermethylation of the inhibitor of DNA binding 4 (ID4) gene may play an important role in the initiation and development of MDS and AL. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess ID4 gene methylation in MDS and to establish if it could be an effective method of evaluating MDS disease progression. Methods We examined 142 bone marrow samples from MDS patients, healthy donors and MDS-AL patients using bisulfite sequencing PCR and quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR. The ID4 methylation rates and levels were assessed. Results ID4 methylation occurred in 27 patients (27/100). ID4 gene methylation was more frequent and at higher levels in patients with advanced disease stages and in high-risk subgroups according to WHO (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively) and International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) (P = 0.002, P = 0.007, respectively) classifications. ID4 methylation levels changed during disease progression. Both methylation rates and methylation levels were significantly different between healthy donor, MDS patients and patients with MDS-AL (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that the level of ID4 methylation was an independent factor influencing overall survival. Patients with MDS showed decreased survival time with increased ID4 methylation levels (P = 0.011, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.371). Patients with ID4 methylation had shorter survival time than those without ID4 methylation (P = 0.008). Conclusions Our findings suggest that ID4 gene methylation might be a new biomarker for MDS monitoring and the detection of minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Kang
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Clinical Tests, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xinrong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Jian Cen
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Mianyang Li
- Department of Clinical Tests, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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12
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Abstract
Abstract
Once thought to be rare disorders, the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are now recognized as among the most common hematological neoplasms, probably affecting >30 000 patients per year in the United States. US regulatory approval of azacitidine, decitabine, and lenalidomide between 2004 and 2006 seemed to herald a new era in the development of disease-modifying therapies for MDS, but there have been no further drug approvals for MDS indications in the United States in the last 8 years. The available drugs are not curative, and few of the compounds that are currently in development are likely to be approved in the near future. As a result, MDS diagnoses continue to place a heavy burden on both patients and health care systems. Incomplete understanding of disease pathology, the inherent biological complexity of MDS, and the presence of comorbid conditions and poor performance status in the typical older patient with MDS have been major impediments to development of effective novel therapies. Here we discuss new insights from genomic discoveries that are illuminating MDS pathogenesis, increasing diagnostic accuracy, and refining prognostic assessment, and which will one day contribute to more effective treatments and improved patient outcomes.
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13
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Hemmat M, Chen W, Anguiano A, Naggar ME, Racke FK, Jones D, Wang Y, Strom CM, Chang K, Boyar FZ. Submicroscopic deletion of 5q involving tumor suppressor genes (CTNNA1, HSPA9) and copy neutral loss of heterozygosity associated with TET2 and EZH2 mutations in a case of MDS with normal chromosome and FISH results. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:35. [PMID: 25177364 PMCID: PMC4149311 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genome-wide molecular cytogenetics allow identification of novel submicroscopic DNA copy number alterations (aCNAs) and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) resulting in homozygosity for known gene mutations in myeloid neoplasms. We describe the use of an oligo-SNP array for genomic profiling of aCNA and cnLOH, together with sequence analysis of recurrently mutated genes, in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) presenting with normal karyotype and FISH results. Oligo-SNP array analysis revealed a hemizygous deletion of 896 kb at chromosome 5q31.2, representing the smallest 5q deletion reported to date. The deletion involved multiple genes, including two tumor suppressor candidate genes (CTNNA1 and HSPA9) that are associated with MDS/AML. The SNP-array study also detected 3 segments of somatic cnLOH: one involved the entire long arm of chromosome 4; the second involved the distal half of the long arm of chromosome 7, and the third encompassed the entire chromosome 22 (UPD 22). Sequence analysis revealed mutations in TET2 (4q), EZH2 (7q), ASXL1 (20q11.21), and RUNX1 (21q22.3). Coincidently, TET2 and EZH2 were located at segments of cnLOH resulting in their homozygosity. Loss of heterozygosity affecting these two chromosomes and mutations in TET2 and EZH2 are indicative of a myelodysplastic syndrome with a poor prognosis. Deletion of the tumor suppressor genes CTNNA1 and HSPA9 is also likely to contribute to a poor prognosis. Furthermore, the original cnLOHs in multiple chromosomes and additional cnLOH 14q in the follow-up study suggest genetic evolution of the disease and poor prognosis. This study attests to the fact that some patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome who exhibit a normal karyotype may have underlying genetic abnormalities detectable by chromosomal microarray and/or targeted mutation analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hemmat
- Cytogenetics Department, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Hwy, 92675 San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Weina Chen
- University of Texas southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, 75235 Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Arturo Anguiano
- Cytogenetics Department, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Hwy, 92675 San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Mohammed El Naggar
- Cytogenetics Department, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Hwy, 92675 San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Frederick K Racke
- Cytogenetics Department, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Hwy, 92675 San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Dan Jones
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 14225 Newbrook Drive, 20151 Chantilly, VA, USA
| | - Yongbao Wang
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 14225 Newbrook Drive, 20151 Chantilly, VA, USA
| | - Charles M Strom
- Cytogenetics Department, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Hwy, 92675 San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Karl Chang
- Cytogenetics Department, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Hwy, 92675 San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Fatih Z Boyar
- Cytogenetics Department, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, 33608 Ortega Hwy, 92675 San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
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14
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Lin J, Chen Q, Yang J, Qian J, Deng ZQ, Qian W, Chen XX, Ma JC, Xiong DS, Ma YJ, An C, Tang CY. DDX43 promoter is frequently hypomethylated and may predict a favorable outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2014; 38:601-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Chen XX, Lin J, Qian J, Qian W, Yang J, Ma JC, Deng ZQ, An C, Tang CY, Qian Z, Liu Q. Methylation of CTNNA1 promoter: frequent but not an adverse prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2014; 38:613-8. [PMID: 24685333 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The reduced expression of CTNNA1 gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene, has been found in several cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CTNNA1 expression is regulated by methylation and histone deacetylation. However, the clinical significance of CTNNA1 methylation in AML is rarely known. The present study was aimed to investigate the methylation status of CTNNA1 promoter region using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and its clinical relevance in Chinese AML patients. Patients with CTNNA1 hypermethylation had significantly lower level of CTNNA1 transcript than those without CTNNA1 hypermethylation (P=0.031). The relationship of CTNNA1 methylation with clinical parameters was evaluated. Aberrant hypermethylation of CTNNA1 gene was found in 23.9% (37/155) AML cases. The status of CTNNA1 methylation was not correlated with the mutations of seven genes (FLT3-ITD, NPM1, C-KIT, IDH1/IDH2, DNMT3A, N/K-RAS and C/EBPA). There was no significant difference in the rates of complete remission (CR) between patients with and without CTNNA1 methylation. Although the overall survival (OS) time of the CTNNA1-methylated AML was shorter than that of CTNNA1-unmethylated group (6 months vs 9 months), the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.681). Our data suggest that CTNNA1 methylation is a recurrent event but has no influence on prognosis in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-xing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Qian
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-chun Ma
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-qun Deng
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui An
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-yan Tang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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16
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Itzykson R, Kosmider O, Fenaux P. Somatic mutations and epigenetic abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2014; 26:355-64. [PMID: 24507812 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During many years, very limited data had been available on specific gene mutations in MDS in particular due to the fact that balanced chromosomal translocations (which have allowed to discover many "leukemia" genes) are very rare in MDS, while chromosomal deletions are generally very large, making it difficult to identify genes of interest. Recently, the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques has helped identify somatic gene mutations in 75-80% of MDS, that cluster mainly in four functional groups, i.e. cytokine signaling (RAS genes), DNA methylation, (TET2, IDH1/2, DNMT3a genes) histone modifications (ASXL1 and EZH2 genes), and spliceosome (SF3B1 and SRSF2 genes) along with mutations of RUNX1 and TP 53 genes. Most of those mutations, except SF3B1 and TET2 mutations, are associated with an overall poorer prognosis, while some gene mutations (mainly TET2 mutation), may be associated to better response to hypomethylating agents. The frequent mutations of epigenetic modulators in MDS appear to largely contribute to the importance of epigenetic deregulation (in particular gene hypermethylation and histone deacetylation) in MDS progression, and may account at least partially for the efficacy of hypomethylating agents in the treatment of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Itzykson
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), France; Université Paris 7, France; INSERM Unit U944, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Kosmider
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), France; Université Paris 5, France
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), France; Université Paris 7, France; INSERM UMR-S-940, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France.
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17
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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor CEP-8983 synergizes with bendamustine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro. Leuk Res 2013; 38:411-7. [PMID: 24439051 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair aberrations and associated chromosomal instability is a feature of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To evaluate if DNA repair insufficiencies are related to methylation changes, we examined the methylation of nine promoter regions of DNA repair proteins by bisulfide sequencing in 26 CLL primary samples and performed quantitative PCR on a subset of samples to examine BRCA1 expression. We also investigated if changes in cytogenetic or expression level of DNA repair proteins led to changes in sensitivity to a novel PARP inhibitor, CEP-8983, alone and in combination with bendamustine. No changes in promoter methylation were identified in BRCA1, BRCA2, FANC-C, FANC-F, FANC-L, ATM, MGMT, hMLH1 and H2AX except for two cases of minor BRCA1 hypermethylation. CLL samples appeared to have reduced BRCA1 mRNA expression uniformly in comparison to non-malignant lymphocytes irrespective of promoter hypermethylation. CEP-8983 displayed single agent cytotoxicity and the combination with bendamustine demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity in the majority of CLL samples. These results were consistent across cytogenetic subgroups, including 17p deleted and previously treated patients. Our results provide rationale for further exploration of the combination of a PARP inhibitor and DNA damaging agents as a novel therapeutic strategy in CLL.
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18
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Itzykson R, Fenaux P. Epigenetics of myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 2013; 28:497-506. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Heinrichs S, Conover LF, Bueso-Ramos CE, Kilpivaara O, Stevenson K, Neuberg D, Loh ML, Wu WS, Rodig SJ, Garcia-Manero G, Kantarjian HM, Look AT. MYBL2 is a sub-haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene in myeloid malignancy. eLife 2013; 2:e00825. [PMID: 23878725 PMCID: PMC3713455 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A common deleted region (CDR) in both myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) affects the long arm of chromosome 20 and has been predicted to harbor a tumor suppressor gene. Here we show that MYBL2, a gene within the 20q CDR, is expressed at sharply reduced levels in CD34+ cells from most MDS cases (65%; n = 26), whether or not they harbor 20q abnormalities. In a murine competitive reconstitution model, Mybl2 knockdown by RNAi to 20-30% of normal levels in multipotent hematopoietic progenitors resulted in clonal dominance of these 'sub-haploinsufficient' cells, which was reflected in all blood cell lineages. By 6 months post-transplantation, the reconstituted mice had developed a clonal myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disorder originating from the cells with aberrantly reduced Mybl2 expression. We conclude that downregulation of MYBL2 activity below levels predicted by classical haploinsufficiency underlies the clonal expansion of hematopoietic progenitors in a large fraction of human myeloid malignancies. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00825.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Heinrichs
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine , University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany ; Department of Pediatric Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , United States
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20
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Majewski IJ, Kluijt I, Cats A, Scerri TS, de Jong D, Kluin RJC, Hansford S, Hogervorst FBL, Bosma AJ, Hofland I, Winter M, Huntsman D, Jonkers J, Bahlo M, Bernards R. An α-E-catenin (CTNNA1) mutation in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. J Pathol 2013. [PMID: 23208944 DOI: 10.1002/path.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse gastric cancers typically present as late-stage tumours and, as a result, the 5 year survival rate is poor. Some gastric cancers are hereditary and these tend to be of the diffuse type; 30-40% of hereditary diffuse gastric cancers (HDGCs) can be explained by defective germline alleles of E-cadherin (CDH1), but for the remaining families the factors driving susceptibility remain unknown. We had access to a large HDGC pedigree with no obvious mutation in CDH1, and applied exome sequencing to identify new genes involved in gastric cancer. We identified a germline truncating allele of α-E-catenin (CTNNA1) that was present in two family members with invasive diffuse gastric cancer and four in which intramucosal signet ring cells were detected as part of endoscopic surveillance. The remaining CTNNA1 allele was silenced in the two diffuse gastric cancers from the family that were available for screening, and this was also true for signet ring cells identified in endoscopic biopsies. Since α-E-catenin functions in the same complex as E-cadherin, our results call attention to the broader signalling network surrounding these proteins in HDGC. We also detected somatic mutations in one tumour and found substantial overlap with genes mutated in sporadic gastric cancer, including PIK3CA, ARID1A, MED12 and MED23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Majewski
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Hamada S, Satoh K, Miura S, Hirota M, Kanno A, Masamune A, Kikuta K, Kume K, Unno J, Egawa S, Motoi F, Unno M, Shimosegawa T. miR-197 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells by targeting p120 catenin. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1255-63. [PMID: 23139153 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Invasive ductal adenocarcinoma (IDA) of the pancreas manifests poor prognosis due to the early invasion and distant metastasis. In contrast, intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma or carcinoma (IPMA or IPMC) reveals better clinical outcomes. Various molecular mechanisms contribute to these differences but entire picture is still unclear. Recent researches emphasized the important role of miRNA in biological processes including cancer invasion and metastasis. We previously described that miR-126 is down-regulated in IDA compared with IPMA or IPMC, and miR-126 regulates the expression of invasion related molecule disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 9 (ADAM9). Assessing the difference of miRNA expression profiles of IDA, IPMA, and IPMC, we newly identified miR-197 as an up-regulated miRNA specifically in IDA. Expression of miR-197 in pancreatic cancer cells resulted in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) along with the down-regulation of p120 catenin which is a putative target of miR-197. Direct interaction between miR-197 and p120 catenin mRNA sequence was confirmed by 3'UTR assay, and knockdown of p120 catenin recapitulated EMT induction in pancreatic cancer cells. In situ hybridization of miR-197 and immunohistochemistry of p120 catenin showed mutually exclusive patterns suggesting pivotal role of miR-197 in the regulation of p120 catenin. This miR-197/p120 catenin axis could be a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan.
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22
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Zhang D, Zhao W, Liao X, Bi T, Li H, Che X. Frequent silencing of protocadherin 8 by promoter methylation, a candidate tumor suppressor for human gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1785-91. [PMID: 22941331 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The cadherins are a family of cell surface glycoproteins responsible for cell adhesion which play an important role in cell morphology, contact inhibition and signal transduction during tumorigenesis. Protocadherin 8 (PCDH8), a member of the cadherin family, has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor involved in oncogenesis in breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the epigenetic inactivation of PCDH8 and its tumor suppressor function in gastric cancer. The expression of PCDH8 was markedly reduced or silenced in gastric cancer cell lines compared with normal gastric cells or tissues. Methylation of the PCDH8 gene promoter was observed in 100% (4/4) of cell lines and 55.38% (36/65) of the primary gastric cancer by methylation-specific PCR, but not in normal gastric mucosa (0/10). Methylated PCDH8 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in a logistic regression analysis. The demethylation reagent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine was able to restore or upregulate PCDH8 expression in gastric cancer cell lines. Ectopic expression of PCDH8 in silenced gastric cancer cells significantly inhibited cell migration and induced apoptosis. For the first time, our study demonstrates the epigenetic inactivation of PCDH8 by promoter methylation and its tumor suppressor function in human gastric cancer. Thus, PCDH8 could be identified as a candidate tumor suppressor in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
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23
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Wei Y, Gañán-Gómez I, Salazar-Dimicoli S, McCay SL, Garcia-Manero G. Histone methylation in myelodysplastic syndromes. Epigenomics 2012; 3:193-205. [PMID: 22122281 DOI: 10.2217/epi.11.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation is a type of epigenetic modification that is critical for the regulation of gene expression. Numerous studies have demonstrated that abnormalities of this newly characterized epigenetic modification are involved in the development of multiple diseases, including cancer. There is also emerging evidence for a link between histone methylation and the pathogenesis of myeloid neoplasms, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This article provides an overview of recent progress in the studies of histone methylation in myeloid malignancies, with an emphasis on MDS. We cover each type of histone methylation modification and their regulatory mechanisms, as well as their abnormalities in MDS or potential connections to MDS. We also summarize the recent progress in the development of inhibitors targeting histone methylation and their applications as potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wei
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is frequent in the myeloid malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Promoter CpG methylation is correlated with silencing of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) in specific pathways that are also targets of mutation or other mechanisms of inactivation, and is thought to contribute to disease progression and poor prognosis. Epigenetic contributions to myeloid pathogenesis are more complex. Examples include TSG inactivation and oncogenic activation associated with formation of altered chromatin separate from CpG methylation. Epigenetic dysregulation occurs at multiple disease stages and at non-CpG island genomic sites, and also includes genomic hypomethylation and small RNA mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Identification of recurrent mutations in potential epigenetic regulators, including TET2, IDH1, IDH2, DNMT3A, UTX, and ASXL1, were recently described. Accordingly, therapeutics directed towards epigenetic mechanisms including methylation inhibitors and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have had some clinical success when applied to MDS and AML. However, identification of the underlying mechanisms associated with clinical responses and drug resistance remain enigmatic. Remarkably, in spite of significant molecular and translational progress, there are currently no epigenetic biomarkers in widespread clinical use. In this review, we explore the potential applications of epigenetic biomarker discovery, including epigenetic profiling for myeloid malignancy pathogenesis understanding, diagnostic classification, and development of effective treatment paradigms for these generally considered poor prognosis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A McDevitt
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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25
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Jerez A, Gondek LP, Jankowska AM, Makishima H, Przychodzen B, Tiu RV, O'Keefe CL, Mohamedali AM, Batista D, Sekeres MA, McDevitt MA, Mufti GJ, Maciejewski JP. Topography, clinical, and genomic correlates of 5q myeloid malignancies revisited. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:1343-9. [PMID: 22370328 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.36.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Interstitial deletions of chromosome 5q are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), pointing toward the pathogenic role of this region in disease phenotype and clonal evolution. The higher level of resolution of single-nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-A) karyotyping may be used to find cryptic abnormalities and to precisely define the topographic features of the genomic lesions, allowing for more accurate clinical correlations. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed high-density SNP-A karyotyping at diagnosis for a cohort of 1,155 clinically well-annotated patients with malignant myeloid disorders. results: We identified chromosome 5q deletions in 142 (12%) of 1,155 patients and uniparental disomy segments (UPD) in four (0.35%) of 1,155 patients. Patients with deletions involving the centromeric and telomeric extremes of 5q have a more aggressive disease phenotype and additional chromosomal lesions. Lesions not involving the centromeric or telomeric extremes of 5q are not exclusive to 5q- syndrome but can be associated with other less aggressive forms of MDS. In addition, larger 5q deletions are associated with either del(17p) or UPD17p. In 31 of 33 patients with del(5q) AML, either a deletion involving the centromeric and/or telomeric regions or heterozygous mutations in NPM1 or MAML1 located in 5q35 were present. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the extent of the affected region on 5q determines clinical characteristics that can be further modified by heterozygous mutations present in the telomeric extreme.
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Gerds AT, Gooley TA, Estey EH, Appelbaum FR, Deeg HJ, Scott BL. Pretransplantation therapy with azacitidine vs induction chemotherapy and posttransplantation outcome in patients with MDS. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 18:1211-8. [PMID: 22252125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has proven curative potential for myelodysplastic syndrome, relapse after HCT remains a problem. Pretransplantation cytoreduction with induction chemotherapy (IC) has been used to reduce relapse rates but is associated with significant toxicity and mortality. Hypomethylating agents may achieve cytoreduction with limited toxicity; however, data on the effect of pre-HCT hypomethylation on post-HCT outcomes are limited. We retrospectively reviewed results in 68 patients who underwent allogeneic HCT for myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia transformed from MDS. Thirty-five patients had received cytoreduction with azacitidine before HCT with either a high-dose (40%) or a reduced-intensity (60%) conditioning regimen, and 33 had undergone IC before HCT with high-dose conditioning. The estimated 1-year overall survival (OS) was 57% in the azacitidine group and 36% in the IC group. The risk of post-HCT mortality (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-1.30), nonrelapse mortality (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-2.34), and relapse (hazard ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-2.34) were lower in the azacitidine group compared to the IC group, but only the hazard for relapse was significantly lower. After adjustment for cytogenetic risk, International Prognostic Scoring System, and donor, the rates of post-HCT relapse for the 2 cohorts were similar. Although the current study was retrospective and nonrandomized and needs to be interpreted in this context, the results add to the growing evidence that pre-HCT therapy with azacitidine is associated with less toxicity than IC and may allow for similar post-HCT outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Gerds
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA, USA
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Allelic methylation levels of the noncoding VTRNA2-1 located on chromosome 5q31.1 predict outcome in AML. Blood 2011; 119:206-16. [PMID: 22058117 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-06-362541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions of chromosome 5q are associated with poor outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) suggesting the presence of tumor suppressor(s) at the locus. However, definitive identification of putative tumor suppressor genes remains controversial. Here we show that a 106-nucleotide noncoding RNA vault RNA2-1 (vtRNA2-1), previously misannotated as miR886, could potentially play a role in the biology and prognosis of AML. vtRNA2-1 is transcribed by polymerase III and is monoallelically methylated in 75% of healthy individuals whereas the remaining 25% of the population have biallelic hypomethylation. AML patients without methylation of VTRNA2-1 have a considerably better outcome than those with monoallelic or biallelic methylation (n = 101, P = .001). We show that methylation is inversely correlated with vtRNA2-1 expression, and that 5-azanucleosides induce vtRNA2-1 and down-regulate the phosphorylated RNA-dependent protein kinase (pPKR), whose activity has been shown to be modulated by vtRNA2-1. Because pPKR promotes cell survival in AML, the data are consistent with vtRNA2-1 being a tumor suppressor in AML. This is the first study to show that vtRNA2-1 might play a significant role in AML, that it is either mono- or biallelically expressed in the blood cells of healthy individuals, and that its methylation state predicts outcome in AML.
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Porwit A, Saft L. The AML–MDS interface—leukemic transformation in myelodysplastic syndromes. J Hematop 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-011-0088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Gong Y, Guo MZ, Ye ZJ, Zhang XL, Zhao YL, Yang YS. Silence of HIN-1 expression through methylation of its gene promoter in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:526-33. [PMID: 21274384 PMCID: PMC3027021 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i4.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To clarify the role of high in normal-1 (HIN-1) gene promoter methylation during gastric cancer development.
METHODS: Gastric cancer cell lines and tissue specimens were analyzed for expression of HIN-1 mRNA and protein using the semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The methylation of the HIN-1 gene promoter was detected in gastric carcinoma cells and tissues using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium cell viability assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the changes in behaviors of gastric cancer cells with or without 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine treatment.
RESULTS: HIN-1 was not expressed in 4 of 5 gastric cancer cell lines. The demethylation reagent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine was able to induce or upregulate HIN-1 expression in gastric cancer cell lines, which is associated with reduction of tumor cell viability. Furthermore, methylation of the HIN-1 gene promoter was shown in 57.8% (26/45) of the primary gastric cancer and 42.1% (17/38) of adjacent tissue samples, but was not shown in normal gastric mucosa (0/10). From the clinicopathological data of the patients, methylation of the HIN-1 gene promoter was found to be associated with tumor differentiation (P = 0.000).
CONCLUSION: High methylation of HIN-1 gene promoter results in silence of HIN-1 expression in gastric cancer. 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine reverses HIN-1 methylation and reduces viability of gastric cancer cells.
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Bejar R, Levine R, Ebert BL. Unraveling the molecular pathophysiology of myelodysplastic syndromes. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:504-15. [PMID: 21220588 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.31.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatically acquired genetic abnormalities lead to the salient features that define myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): clonal hematopoiesis, aberrant differentiation, peripheral cytopenias, and risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Although specific karyotypic abnormalities have been linked to MDS for decades, more recent findings have demonstrated the importance of mutations within individual genes, focal alterations that are not apparent by standard cytogenetics, and aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The spectrum of genetic abnormalities in MDS implicates a wide range of molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of these disorders, including activation of tyrosine kinase signaling, genomic instability, impaired differentiation, altered ribosome function, and changes in the bone marrow microenvironment. Specific alterations present in individual patients with MDS may explain much of the heterogeneity in clinical phenotype associated with this disease and can predict prognosis and response to therapy. Elucidation of the full complement of genetic causes of MDS promises profound insight into the biology of the disease, improved classification and prognostic scoring schemes, and the potential for novel targeted therapies with molecular predictors of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bejar
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Karp Research Building, CHRB 05.211, 1 Blackfan Cir, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Mittelman M, Oster HS, Hoffman M, Neumann D. The lower risk MDS patient at risk of rapid progression. Leuk Res 2010; 34:1551-5. [PMID: 20573398 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are classified at diagnosis as having a low/INT-I or INT-II/high risk disease, based on the classical International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) criteria. The low/INT-I risk patients are usually managed mildly with supportive care, including red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, erythroid stimulating agents (ESAs), other cytokines (G-CSF, platelet stimulating agents), as well as thalidomide and lenalidomide. Some patients receive immunosuppressive therapy, and iron chelation is indicated in iron overloaded patients. Aggressive approach (hypomethylating agents, chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation) is usually not applied in such patients. Occasionally, we observe a "low risk" patient with rapid progression of disease and poor outcome. Can we identify demographic, clinical, laboratory, cellular-biological and/or molecular parameters that can predict "poor prognostic features" (PPF) in "low risk" MDS patients? Clinical and laboratory parameters have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis, in addition to the known "classical" IPSS criteria. These include older age, male gender, poor performance status, co-morbidities, degree of anemia, low absolute neutrophile count (ANC) and platelet counts, RBC transfusion requirements, high serum ferritin, high LDH, bone marrow (BM) fibrosis, increased number of BM CD34+ cells and multi-lineage dysplasia. Certain immunophenotypes (low CD11b, high HLA-Dr, CD34, CD13 and CD45), clonal granulocytes, multiple chromosomal abnormalities, chromosomal instability, short telomeres and high telomerase activity were also reported as PPF. Studies of apoptosis identified Bcl-2 expression and high caspase 3 as PPF, while the reports on survivin expression have been confusing. Recent exciting data suggest that methylation of p15 INK4b and of CTNNA1 (in 5q-), high level of methylation of other genes, absence of the TET2 mutation, down regulation of the lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1), mutation of the polycomb-associated gene ASXL1 and a specific 6-gene signature in gene expression profiling - are all associated with poor prognosis in MDS. Do we have data suggesting a different treatment for "low risk" MDS patients displaying PPF? Two teams, the combined Nordic-Italian and the GFM groups have reported an improved survival with ESAs. The GFM has achieved prolonged survival with iron chelation. Recently, encouraging data with survival advantage in azacitidine-treated patients have been published, including a few INT-I patients. Finally, data suggest that low/INT-I MDS patients who undergo stem cell transplantation (SCT0 do better than INT-II/high risk patients). In summary, some patients, classified as "low risk MDS" carry PPF. An appropriate therapeutic approach is indicated. Future updated classifications and prospective trials may lead to a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Mittelman
- Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Shih IM, Chen L, Wang CC, Gu J, Davidson B, Cope L, Kurman RJ, Xuan J, Wang TL. Distinct DNA methylation profiles in ovarian serous neoplasms and their implications in ovarian carcinogenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 203:584.e1-22. [PMID: 20965493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze DNA methylation profiles among different types of ovarian serous neoplasm, which is a task that has not been performed. STUDY DESIGN The Illumina beads array (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA) was used to profile DNA methylation in enriched tumor cells that had been isolated from 75 benign and malignant serous tumor tissues and 6 tumor-associated stromal cell cultures. RESULTS We found significantly fewer hypermethylated genes in high-grade serous carcinomas than in low-grade serous carcinoma and borderline tumors, which in turn had fewer hypermethylated genes than serous cystadenoma. Unsupervised analysis identified that serous cystadenoma, serous borderline tumor, and low-grade serous carcinomas tightly clustered together and were clearly different from high-grade serous carcinomas. We also performed supervised analysis to identify differentially methylated genes that may contribute to group separation. CONCLUSION The findings support the view that low-grade and high-grade serous carcinomas are distinctly different with low-grade, but not high-grade, serous carcinomas that are related to serous borderline tumor and cystadenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ie-Ming Shih
- Division of Gynecologic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Knockdown of Hspa9, a del(5q31.2) gene, results in a decrease in hematopoietic progenitors in mice. Blood 2010; 117:1530-9. [PMID: 21123823 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-293167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous deletions spanning chromosome 5q31.2 occur frequently in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and are highly associated with progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) when p53 is mutated. Mutagenesis screens in zebrafish and mice identified Hspa9 as a del(5q31.2) candidate gene that may contribute to MDS and AML pathogenesis, respectively. To test whether HSPA9 haploinsufficiency recapitulates the features of ineffective hematopoiesis observed in MDS, we knocked down the expression of HSPA9 in primary human hematopoietic cells and in a murine bone marrow-transplantation model using lentivirally mediated gene silencing. Knockdown of HSPA9 in human cells significantly delayed the maturation of erythroid precursors, but not myeloid or megakaryocytic precursors, and suppressed cell growth by 6-fold secondary to an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in the cycling of cells compared with control cells. Erythroid precursors, B lymphocytes, and the bone marrow progenitors c-kit(+)/lineage(-)/Sca-1(+) (KLS) and megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor (MEP) were significantly reduced in a murine Hspa9-knockdown model. These abnormalities suggest that cooperating gene mutations are necessary for del(5q31.2) MDS cells to gain clonal dominance in the bone marrow. Our results demonstrate that Hspa9 haploinsufficiency alters the hematopoietic progenitor pool in mice and contributes to abnormal hematopoiesis.
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Yao DM, Qian J, Lin J, Wang YL, Chen Q, Qian Z, Li Y, Wang CZ, Yang J. Aberrant methylation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta promoter in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2010; 35:957-60. [PMID: 21106240 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant changes of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are now recognized as an important mechanism contributing to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta (C/EBPζ), a candidate TSG, has been found to be involved in cancers including AML. We detected the methylation status of C/EBPζ promoter in 133 patients with AML using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and examined C/EBPζ transcript in 32 patients using real-time quantitative PCR. The abnormal methylation of C/EBPζ gene promoter was found in 62 (46.6%) AML cases. No correlation was found between C/EBPζ promoter hypermethylation and the age, sex, WBC counts, platelet counts and FAB subtypes of AML patients (P>0.05). The trend that the frequency of C/EBPζ methylation increased as karyotype became more adverse was observed (R=0.167, P=0.075). There was a significant correlation between C/EBPζ expression and C/EBPζ methylation in AML patients (R=0.606, P=0.002). Our data suggest that the aberrant methylation of C/EBPζ promoter may be involved in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ming Yao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, PR China
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Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) disorders are clonal diseases that often carry stereotypic chromosomal abnormalities. A smaller proportion of cases harbor point mutations that activate oncogenes or inactivate tumor suppressor genes. New technologies have accelerated the pace of discovery and are responsible for the identification of novel genetic mutations associated with MDS and other myeloid neoplasms. These discoveries have identified novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of MDS. This article touches on the better known genetic abnormalities in MDS and explains in greater detail those that have been discovered more recently. Understanding how mutations lead to MDS and how they might cooperate with each other has become more complicated as the number of MDS-associated genetic abnormalities has grown. In some cases, these mutations have prognostic significance that could improve upon the various prognostic scoring systems in common clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bejar
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Flohr H, Breull W. Effect of etafenone on total and regional myocardial blood flow. Semin Hematol 1976; 50:16-37. [PMID: 23 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of blood flow to the subendocardial, medium and subepicardial layers of the left ventricular free wall was studied in anaesthetized dogs under normoxic (A), hypoxic (B) conditions and under pharmacologically induced (etafenone) coronary vasodilation (C). Regional myocardial blood flow was determined by means of the particle distribution method. In normoxia a transmural gradient of flow was observed, with the subendocardial layers receiving a significantly higher flow rate compared with the subepicardial layers. In hypoxia induced vasodilation this transmural gradient of flow was persistent. In contrast a marked redistribution of regional flow was observed under pharmacologically induced vasodilation. The transmural gradient decreased. In contrast to some findings these experiments demonstrate that a considerable vasodilatory capacity exists in all layers of the myocardium and can be utilized by drugs. The differences observed for the intramural distribution pattern of flow under hypoxia and drug induced vasodilation support the hypothesis that this pattern reflects corresponding gradients of regional myocardial metabolism.
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