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Dhayalan M, Wang W, Riyaz SUM, Dinesh RA, Shanmugam J, Irudayaraj SS, Stalin A, Giri J, Mallik S, Hu R. Advances in functional lipid nanoparticles: from drug delivery platforms to clinical applications. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:57. [PMID: 38298556 PMCID: PMC10825110 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since Doxil's first clinical approval in 1995, lipid nanoparticles have garnered great interest and shown exceptional therapeutic efficacy. It is clear from the licensure of two RNA treatments and the mRNA-COVID-19 vaccination that lipid nanoparticles have immense potential for delivering nucleic acids. The review begins with a list of lipid nanoparticle types, such as liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. Then it moves on to the earliest lipid nanoparticle forms, outlining how lipid is used in a variety of industries and how it is used as a versatile nanocarrier platform. Lipid nanoparticles must then be functionally modified. Various approaches have been proposed for the synthesis of lipid nanoparticles, such as High-Pressure Homogenization (HPH), microemulsion methods, solvent-based emulsification techniques, solvent injection, phase reversal, and membrane contractors. High-pressure homogenization is the most commonly used method. All of the methods listed above follow four basic steps, as depicted in the flowchart below. Out of these four steps, the process of dispersing lipids in an aqueous medium to produce liposomes is the most unpredictable step. A short outline of the characterization of lipid nanoparticles follows discussions of applications for the trapping and transporting of various small molecules. It highlights the use of rapamycin-coated lipid nanoparticles in glioblastoma and how lipid nanoparticles function as a conjugator in the delivery of anticancer-targeting nucleic acids. High biocompatibility, ease of production, scalability, non-toxicity, and tailored distribution are just a meager of the enticing allowances of using lipid nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. Due to the present constraints in drug delivery, more research is required to utterly realize the potential of lipid nanoparticles for possible clinical and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Dhayalan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Saveetha University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077 India
- College of Public Health Sciences (CPHS), Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Wei Wang
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - S. U. Mohammed Riyaz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Saveetha University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077 India
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Islamiah College (Autonomous), Vaniyambadi, Tamil Nadu 635752 India
| | - Rakshi Anuja Dinesh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Jayashree Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Jayant Giri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
| | - Saurav Mallik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ruifeng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Li P, Wang D, Hu J, Yang X. The role of imaging in targeted delivery of nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114447. [PMID: 35863515 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of traditional drug formulations and have promising prospect in cancer treatment. However, nanomedicine delivery in vivo is still facing challenges from the complex physiological environment. For the purpose of effective tumor therapy, they should be designed to guarantee the five features principle, including long blood circulation, efficient tumor accumulation, deep matrix penetration, enhanced cell internalization and accurate drug release. To ensure the excellent performance of the designed nanomedicine, it would be better to monitor the drug delivery process as well as the therapeutic effects by real-time imaging. In this review, we summarize strategies in developing nanomedicines for efficiently meeting the five features of drug delivery, and the role of several imaging modalities (fluorescent imaging (FL), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electron microscopy) in tracing drug delivery and therapeutic effect in vivo based on five features principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puze Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Ubiquitous Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM): Potential Mechanism and Valorisation in Cancer Pathophysiology, Drug Targeting and Molecular Transductions. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5902-5924. [PMID: 35831555 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural cell adhesion molecule, an integrated molecule of immunoglobulin protein superfamily involved in cell-cell adhesion, undergoes various structural modifications through numerous temporal-spatial regulations that generously alter their expressions on cell surfaces. These varied expression patterns are mostly envisioned in the morphogenesis and innervations of different human organs and systems. The considerable role of NCAM in neurite growth, brain development and etc. and its altered expression of NCAM in proliferating tumour cells and metastasis of various human melanomas clearly substantiate its appropriateness as a cell surface marker for diagnosis and potential target for several therapeutic moieties. This characteristic behaviour of NCAM is confined to its novel biochemistry, structural properties, signalling interactions and polysialylation. In particular, the characteristic expressions of NCAM are mainly attributed by its polysialylation, a post-translational modification that attaches polysialyl groups to the NCAM. The altered expression of NCAM on cell surface develops curiosity amidst pharmaceutical scientists, which drives them to understand its role of such expressions in various human melanomas and to elucidate the promising therapeutic strategies that are currently available to target NCAM appositely. Therefore, this review article is articulated with an insight on the altered expressions of NCAM, the clinical significances and the consequences of such atypical expression patterns in various human organs and systems.
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Shete MB, Patil TS, Deshpande AS, Saraogi G, Vasdev N, Deshpande M, Rajpoot K, Tekade RK. Current trends in theranostic nanomedicines. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liu X, Ge W. The Emerging Role of Ultrasonic Nanotechnology for Diagnosing and Treatment of Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:814986. [PMID: 35273976 PMCID: PMC8901503 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.814986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been commonly used in a variety of applications in recent years. Nanomedicine has also gotten a lot of attention in the medical and treatment fields. Ultrasonic technology is already being used in research as a powerful tool for manufacturing nonmaterial and in the decoration of catalyst supports for energy applications and material processing. For the development of nanoparticles and the decoration of catalytic assisted powders with nanoparticles, low or high-frequency Ultrasonic are used. The Ultrasonic is frequently used in joint venture with the nanotechnology from the past few years and bring tremendous success in various diseases diagnosing and treatment. Numerous kinds of nanoparticles are fabricated with desired capabilities and targeted toward different targets. This review first highlights the Ultrasonic Treatment and processing of Nanoparticles for Pharmaceuticals. Next, we explain various nanoparticles with ultrasonic technology for different diagnosing and treatment of various diseases. Finally, we explain the challenges face by current approaches for their translation in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Ge
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Noninvasive Imaging for Assessment of the Efficacy of Therapeutic Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1455-1468. [PMID: 31834570 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Morphological imaging techniques are typically used in the anti-cancer drug efficacy evaluation process. However, these techniques can evaluate the therapeutic efficacy only when the tumor shows anatomic changes-usually at later stages, when the therapeutic effects are poor. In contrast, molecular imaging allows noninvasive monitoring of tumor growth, assessment of drug metabolism, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy at the molecular and cellular levels. Multimodality molecular imaging, which combines the advantages of various imaging modalities, provides even more comprehensive therapeutic efficacy assessment in preclinical and clinical studies. This review provides an overview of molecular imaging evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of the anti-tumor drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in preclinical and clinical research, which holds great promise in guiding HCC treatment into the era of precision medicine.
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Chang D, Ma Y, Xu X, Xie J, Ju S. Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoplatforms for Cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:707319. [PMID: 34249894 PMCID: PMC8267819 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.707319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles have been widely used as carriers of drugs and bioimaging agents due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural versatility. The principal application of polymeric nanoparticles in medicine is for cancer therapy, with increased tumor accumulation, precision delivery of anticancer drugs to target sites, higher solubility of pharmaceutical properties and lower systemic toxicity. Recently, the stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoplatforms attracted more and more attention because they can change their physicochemical properties responding to the stimuli conditions, such as low pH, enzyme, redox agents, hypoxia, light, temperature, magnetic field, ultrasound, and so on. Moreover, the unique properties of stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers in target tissues may significantly improve the bioactivity of delivered agents for cancer treatment. This review introduces stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoparticles and their applications in tumor theranostics with the loading of chemical drugs, nucleic drugs and imaging molecules. In addition, we discuss the strategy for designing multifunctional polymeric nanocarriers and provide the perspective for the clinical applications of these stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Kundu P, Singh D, Singh A, Sahoo SK. Cancer Nanotheranostics: A Nanomedicinal Approach for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1288-1299. [PMID: 31429694 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190820145930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The panorama of cancer treatment has taken a considerable leap over the last decade with the advancement in the upcoming novel therapies combined with modern diagnostics. Nanotheranostics is an emerging science that holds tremendous potential as a contrivance by integrating therapy and imaging in a single probe for cancer diagnosis and treatment thus offering the advantage like tumor-specific drug delivery and at the same time reduced side effects to normal tissues. The recent surge in nanomedicine research has also paved the way for multimodal theranostic nanoprobe towards personalized therapy through interaction with a specific biological system. This review presents an overview of the nano theranostics approach in cancer management and a series of different nanomaterials used in theranostics and the possible challenges with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Kundu
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Abhalaxmi Singh
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjeeb K Sahoo
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Dong K, Zhao ZZ, Kang J, Lin LR, Chen WT, Liu JX, Wu XL, Lu TL. Cinnamaldehyde and Doxorubicin Co-Loaded Graphene Oxide Wrapped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Enhanced MCF-7 Cell Apoptosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10285-10304. [PMID: 33376322 PMCID: PMC7756203 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s283981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combined chemotherapy is often affected by the different physicochemical properties of chemotherapeutic drugs, which should be improved by the reasonable design of co-loaded preparations. Purpose A kind of simple but practical graphene oxide (GO) wrapped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) modified with hyaluronic acid (MSN@GO-HA) were developed for the co-delivery of cinnamaldehyde (CA) and doxorubicin (DOX), in order to enhance their combined treatment on tumor cells and reduce their application defects. Methods The MSNCA@GODOX-HA was constructed by MSNCA (loading CA via physical diffusion) and GODOX-HA (modified with HA and loading DOX via π–π stacking) through the electrostatic adsorption, followed by the physicochemical characterization, serum stability and in vitro release study. Cytotoxicity on different cells was detected, followed by the tumor cell uptake tests. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) changes, mitochondrial functions and activities of caspase-3/-9 in MCF-7 cells were also evaluated, respectively. Results The MSNCA@GODOX-HA nanoparticles kept stable in FBS solution and achieved pH-responsive release behavior, which was beneficial to increase the accumulation of CA and DOX in tumor cells to enhance the treatment. MSNCA@GODOX-HA exerted higher cytotoxicity to MCF-7 human breast cancer cells than H9c2 cardiac myocyte cells, which were not only attributed to the active targeting to tumor cells by HA, but also related with the activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway in MCF-7 cells induced by CA, which was mediated by the specific ROS signal amplification and the interference with mitochondrial function. Moreover, the efficacy of DOX was also enhanced by the above process. Conclusion The establishment of the MSNCA@GODOX-HA nanoparticles played a role in promoting strengths and restricting shortcomings of CA and DOX, thereby exerting their function and achieving efficient treatment against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Zhuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei-Ruo Lin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Long Wu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Li Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Makwana V, Karanjia J, Haselhorst T, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Rudrawar S. Liposomal doxorubicin as targeted delivery platform: Current trends in surface functionalization. Int J Pharm 2020; 593:120117. [PMID: 33259901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal delivery systems have significantly enhanced the efficacy and safety of chemotherapeutic agents compared to free (non-liposomal) formulations. Liposomes are vesicles made up of lipophilic bilayer and a hydrophilic core which provides perfect opportunity for their application as transport vehicle for various therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Doxorubicin is the most exploited chemotherapeutic agent for evaluation of different liposomal applications, as its physicochemical properties permit high drug entrapment and easy remote loading in pre-formulated liposomes. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin clinically approved and, on the market, Doxil®, exemplifies the benefits offered upon the surface modification of liposome with polyethylene glycol. This unique formulation prolonged the drug residence time in the circulation and increased accumulation of doxorubicin in tumor tissue via passive targeting (enhanced permeability and retention effect). However, there is ample scope for further improvement in the efficiency of targeting tumors by coupling biological active ligands onto the liposome surface to generate intelligent drug delivery systems. Small biomolecules such as peptides, fraction of antibodies and carbohydrates have the potential to target receptors present on the surface of the malignant cells. Hence, active targeting of malignant cells using functionalised nanocarrier (liposomes encapsulated with doxorubicin) have been attempted which is reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Makwana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Jasmine Karanjia
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Ren L, Chen S, Jiang W, Zeng Q, Zhang X, Xiao L, McMahon MT, Xin L, Zhou X. Efficient temperature-feedback liposome for 19F MRI signal enhancement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14427-14430. [PMID: 33146184 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05809b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new non-encapsulated fluorinated liposome (TSL) was developed, which showed instantaneous temperature-induced 19F MR signal enhancement and excellent stability under reversible signal transition at different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ren
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, China.
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Paliwal SR, Kenwat R, Maiti S, Paliwal R. Nanotheranostics for Cancer Therapy and Detection: State of the Art. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5503-5517. [PMID: 33200696 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201116120422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanotheranostics, an approach of combining both diagnosis and therapy, is one of the latest advances in cancer therapy particularly. Nanocarriers designed and derived from inorganic materials such as like gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes have been explored for tremendous applications in this area. Similarly, nanoparticles composed of some organic material alone or in combination with inorganic nano-cargos have been developed pre-clinically and possess excellent features desired. Photothermal therapy, MRI, simultaneous imaging and delivery, and combination chemotherapy with a diagnosis are a few of the known methods exploring cancer therapy and detection at organ/tissue/molecular/sub-cellular level. This review comprises an overview of the recent reports meant for nano theranostics purposes. Targeted cancer nanotheranostics have been included for understating tumor micro-environment or cell-specific targeting approach employed. A brief account of various strategies is also included for the readers highlighting the mechanism of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Rai Paliwal
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilapsur, CG, India
| | - Rameshroo Kenwat
- Nanomedicine and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, MP, India
| | - Sabyasachi Maiti
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, MP, India
| | - Rishi Paliwal
- Nanomedicine and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, MP, India
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Nguyen HVT, Detappe A, Harvey P, Gallagher N, Mathieu C, Agius MP, Zavidij O, Wang W, Jiang Y, Rajca A, Jasanoff A, Ghobrial IM, Ghoroghchian PP, Johnson JA. Pro-organic radical contrast agents ("pro-ORCAs") for real-time MRI of pro-drug activation in biological systems. Polym Chem 2020; 11:4768-4779. [PMID: 33790990 PMCID: PMC8009311 DOI: 10.1039/d0py00558d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxide-based organic-radical contrast agents (ORCAs) are promising as safe, next-generation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tools. Nevertheless, stimuli-responsive ORCAs that enable MRI monitoring of prodrug activation have not been reported; such systems could open new avenues for prodrug validation and image-guided drug delivery. Here, we introduce a novel "pro-ORCA" concept that addresses this challenge. By covalent conjugation of nitroxides and drug molecules (doxorubicin, DOX) to the same brush-arm star polymer (BASP) through chemically identical cleavable linkers, we demonstrate that pro-ORCA and prodrug activation, i.e., ORCA and DOX release, leads to significant changes in MRI contrast that correlate with cytotoxicity. This approach is shown to be general for a range of commonly used linker cleavage mechanisms (e.g., photolysis and hydrolysis) and release rates. Pro-ORCAs could find applications as research tools or clinically viable "reporter theranostics" for in vitro and in vivo MRI-correlated prodrug activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Centre Paul Strauss, 3 Rue de la Porte de l’Hopital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Nolan Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael P. Agius
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Oksana Zavidij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, MIT
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - P. Peter Ghoroghchian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Mulas G, Rolla GA, Geraldes CFGC, Starmans LWE, Botta M, Terreno E, Tei L. Mn(II)-Based Lipidic Nanovesicles as High-Efficiency MRI Probes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2401-2409. [PMID: 35025289 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although nowadays there is a renewed and growing interest in Mn-based contrast agents, there are only few studies dealing with Mn-based lipophilic nanoparticles and how they may be optimized as MRI contrast agents. Three amphiphilic paramagnetic Mn(II) complexes based on derivatives of EDTA and 1,4-DO2A were used for the preparation of lipidic nanoparticles. The length and position of the aliphatic chains were found to control whether either vesicular liposomes, nonvesicular bicelles, or a mixture of both was produced as well as the size and morphology of phospholipid-based self-assembling nanoaggregates. These differences determine whether hydrophilic Gd-based contrast agents or fluorescent dyes can be entrapped in the aqueous core of the nanoaggregate. Structural characterization was performed by cryo-TEM. Detailed 1H NMR relaxometric analyses were carried out on all systems. The effect of entrapping gadoteridol in the aqueous core (where present) was studied by preparing diamagnetic amphiphilic Zn(II) analogues. In the case of homogeneous systems, the data were also fitted to obtain the relaxometric parameters for comparison with literature data. The results of these studies demonstrate enhanced relaxivity of the nanoaggregates with respect to monomeric analogues. This work allowed us to understand how to control the formation of different types of nanovesicles (liposomes, bicelles, and micelles), optimize their MRI contrast, and provide different in vivo biodistribution characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Mulas
- Centro di Imaging Molecolare e Preclinico, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele A Rolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Carlos F G C Geraldes
- Department of Life Sciences and Coimbra Chemistry Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-393 Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT/ICNAS-Instituto de Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas à Sau'de, Po'lo das Ciências da Sau'de, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lucas W E Starmans
- Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Centro di Imaging Molecolare e Preclinico, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
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15
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The Continuing Evolution of Molecular Functional Imaging in Clinical Oncology: The Road to Precision Medicine and Radiogenomics (Part II). Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:27-51. [PMID: 30387041 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present era of precision medicine sees "cancer" as a consequence of molecular derangements occurring at the commencement of the disease process, with morphological changes happening much later in the process of tumourigenesis. Conventional imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play an integral role in the detection of disease at the macroscopic level. However, molecular functional imaging (MFI) techniques entail the visualisation and quantification of biochemical and physiological processes occurring during tumourigenesis. MFI has the potential to play a key role in heralding the transition from the concept of "one-size-fits-all" treatment to "precision medicine". Integration of MFI with other fields of tumour biology such as genomics has spawned a novel concept called "radiogenomics", which could serve as an indispensable tool in translational cancer research. With recent advances in medical image processing, such as texture analysis, deep learning and artificial intelligence, the future seems promising; however, their clinical utility remains unproven at present. Despite the emergence of novel imaging biomarkers, the majority of these require validation before clinical translation is possible. In this two part review, we discuss the systematic collaboration across structural, anatomical and molecular imaging techniques that constitute MFI. Part I reviews positron emission tomography, radiogenomics, AI, and optical imaging, while part II reviews MRI, CT and ultrasound, their current status, and recent advances in the field of precision oncology.
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16
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Vossen LI, Markovsky E, Eldar-Boock A, Tschiche HR, Wedepohl S, Pisarevsky E, Satchi-Fainaro R, Calderón M. PEGylated dendritic polyglycerol conjugate targeting NCAM-expressing neuroblastoma: Limitations and challenges. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1169-1179. [PMID: 29471169 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is found to be a stem-cell marker in several tumor types and its overexpression is known to correlate with increased metastatic capacity. To combine extravasation- and ligand-dependent targeting to NCAM overexpressing-cells in the tumor microenvironment, we developed a PEGylated NCAM-targeted dendritic polyglycerol (PG) conjugate. Here, we describe the synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of a PG conjugate bearing the mitotic inhibitor paclitaxel (PTX) and an NCAM-targeting peptide (NTP). PG-NTP-PTX-PEG was evaluated for its ability to inhibit neuroblastoma progression in vitro and in vivo as compared to non-targeted derivatives and free drug. NCAM-targeted conjugate inhibited the migration of proliferating endothelial cells, suggesting it would be able to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. The targeting conjugate provided an improved binding and uptake on IMR-32 cells compared to non-targeted control. However, these results did not translate to our in vivo model on orthotopic neuroblastoma bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Isabel Vossen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ela Markovsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Eldar-Boock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Harald Rune Tschiche
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wedepohl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgeny Pisarevsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Adumeau P, Vivier D, Sharma SK, Wang J, Zhang T, Chen A, Agnew BJ, Zeglis BM. Site-Specifically Labeled Antibody-Drug Conjugate for Simultaneous Therapy and ImmunoPET. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:892-898. [PMID: 29356543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The conjugation of antibodies with cytotoxic drugs can alter their in vivo pharmacokinetics. As a result, the careful assessment of the in vivo behavior, and specifically the tumor-targeting properties, of antibody-drug conjugates represents a crucial step in their development. In order to facilitate this process, we have created a methodology that facilitates the dual labeling of an antibody with both a toxin and a radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET). To minimize the impact of these modifications, this chemoenzymatic approach leverages strain-promoted azide-alkyne click chemistry to graft both cargoes to the heavy chain glycans of the immuoglobulin's Fc domain. As a proof-of-concept, a HER2-targeting trastuzumab immunoconjugate was created bearing both a monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) toxin as well as the long-lived positron-emitting radiometal 89Zr ( t1/2 ≈ 3.3 days). Both the tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy of the 89Zr-trastuzumab-MMAE immunoconjugate were validated in vivo using a murine model of HER2-expressing breast cancer. The site-specifically dual-labeled construct enabled the clear visualization of tumor tissue via PET imaging, producing tumoral uptake of ∼70%ID/g. Furthermore, a longitudinal therapy study revealed that the immunoconjugate exerts significant antitumor activity, leading to a >90% reduction in tumor volume over the course of 20 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Adumeau
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10028 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Delphine Vivier
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10028 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Jessica Wang
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Division , Thermo Fisher Scientific , San Jose , California 95134 , United States
| | - Terry Zhang
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Division , Thermo Fisher Scientific , San Jose , California 95134 , United States
| | - Aimei Chen
- Biosciences Division , Thermo Fisher Scientific , Eugene , Oregon 97402 , United States
| | - Brian J Agnew
- Biosciences Division , Thermo Fisher Scientific , Eugene , Oregon 97402 , United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10028 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry , The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10016 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York 10065 , United States
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18
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Balasubramanian V, Liu Z, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. Bridging the Knowledge of Different Worlds to Understand the Big Picture of Cancer Nanomedicines. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28570787 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Explosive growth of nanomedicines continues to significantly impact the therapeutic strategies for effective cancer treatment. Despite the significant progress in the development of advanced nanomedicines, successful clinical translation remains challenging. As cancer nanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field, the fundamental problem is that the knowledge gaps stem from different vantage points in the understanding of cancer nanomedicines. The complexities and heterogenecity of both nanomedicines and cancer are further demanding the integration of highly diverse expertise to develop clinically translatable cancer nanomedicines. This progress report aims to discuss the current understanding of cancer nanomedicines between different research areas in terms of nanoparticle engineering, formulation, tumor patho-physiology and clinical medicine, as well as to identify the knowledge gaps lying at the interface between the different fields of research in nanomedicine. Here we also highlight for the necessity to harmonize the multidisciplinary effort in the research of nanomedicines in order to bridge the knowledge and to advance the full understanding in cancer nanomedicines. A paradigm shift is needed in the strategic development of disease specific nanomedicines in order to foster the successful translation into clinic of future cancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimalkumar Balasubramanian
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Drug Research Program; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Zehua Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Drug Research Program; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; Drug Research Program; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science; HiLIFE; University of Helsinki; FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
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19
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Properties of POPC/POPE supported lipid bilayers modified with hydrophobic quantum dots on polyelectrolyte cushions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:667-674. [PMID: 28763774 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation and properties of supported lipid bilayers (SLB) containing hydrophobic nanoparticles (NP) was studied in relation to underlying cushion obtained from selected polyelectrolyte multilayers. Lipid vesicles were formed from zwitterionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and negatively charged 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) in phosphate buffer (PBS). As hydrophobic nanoparticles - quantum dots (QD) with size of 3.8nm (emission wavelength of 420nm) were used. Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) were constructed by the sequential, i.e., layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption of alternately charged polyelectrolytes from their solutions. Liposomes and Liposome-QDs complexes were studied with Transmission Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) to verify the quality of vesicles and the position of QD within lipid bilayer. Deposition of liposomes and liposomes with quantum dots on polyelectrolyte films was studied in situ using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) technique. The fluorescence emission spectra were analyzed for both: suspension of liposomes with nanoparticles and for supported lipid bilayers containing QD on PEM. It was demonstrated that quantum dots are located in the hydrophobic part of lipid bilayer. Moreover, we proved that such QD-modified liposomes formed supported lipid bilayers and their final structure depended on the type of underlying cushion.
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20
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Sikkandhar MG, Nedumaran AM, Ravichandar R, Singh S, Santhakumar I, Goh ZC, Mishra S, Archunan G, Gulyás B, Padmanabhan P. Theranostic Probes for Targeting Tumor Microenvironment: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1036. [PMID: 28492519 PMCID: PMC5454948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long gone is the time when tumors were thought to be insular masses of cells, residing independently at specific sites in an organ. Now, researchers gradually realize that tumors interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), blood vessels, connective tissues, and immune cells in their environment, which is now known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). It has been found that the interactions between tumors and their surrounds promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The dynamics and diversity of TME cause the tumors to be heterogeneous and thus pose a challenge for cancer diagnosis, drug design, and therapy. As TME is significant in enhancing tumor progression, it is vital to identify the different components in the TME such as tumor vasculature, ECM, stromal cells, and the lymphatic system. This review explores how these significant factors in the TME, supply tumors with the required growth factors and signaling molecules to proliferate, invade, and metastasize. We also examine the development of TME-targeted nanotheranostics over the recent years for cancer therapy, diagnosis, and anticancer drug delivery systems. This review further discusses the limitations and future perspective of nanoparticle based theranostics when used in combination with current imaging modalities like Optical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Nuclear Imaging (Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography (SPECT)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Musafar Gani Sikkandhar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Anu Maashaa Nedumaran
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Roopa Ravichandar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Satnam Singh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Induja Santhakumar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Zheng Cong Goh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Sachin Mishra
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India.
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
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21
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Effects of Doxorubicin on Behavior of Rats and Distribution of NCAM in their Brain. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-017-9646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Targeting NCAM-expressing neuroblastoma with polymeric precision nanomedicine. J Control Release 2017; 249:162-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Podgórna K, Szczepanowicz K, Piotrowski M, Gajdošová M, Štěpánek F, Warszyński P. Gadolinium alginate nanogels for theranostic applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 153:183-189. [PMID: 28242371 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of theranostic nanoparticles, which combine both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities in one platform can be considered as a step forward personalized medicine, since it allows tracing the delivery of the drug to targeted organ. Thus, the aim of this work was to prepare gadolinium alginate gel nanoparticles (gadolinum nanogels - GdNG) by the reverse microemulsions and physical crosslinking method as the vehicles able to carry hydrophilic drugs and to be traced by the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The average size of synthesized nanoparticles was about 110nm and the batch concentration was 1010 particles/ml. The morphology of nanogeles was visualized by Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy. Surface of nanogels particles was modified by the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique using natural polyelectrolytes. The cytotoxicity of non-modified and LbL modified nanogels was evaluated by the cellular viability quantification and cell death assessments using MTT and LDH biochemical tests, respectively. We encapsulated the model compound - fluorescent dye (Rhodamine b) in nanogels networks and proved the possibility of GdNG visualization by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Podgórna
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239, Krakow, Poland.
| | - K Szczepanowicz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Piotrowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Gajdošová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague, Czechia
| | - F Štěpánek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague, Czechia
| | - P Warszyński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239, Krakow, Poland
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24
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Abstract
Drug delivery is a critical issue in any disease treatment. Nowadays much more effort is being focused on integrating imaging agent and therapeutic drugs in a single formulation to achieve a simultaneous disease diagnosis and targeted drug delivery. This new terminology 'nanotheranostics' have been used to describe these nanoparticle formulations. In the ancient years, various nanocarriers (liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, antibodies, etc.) have been studied for targeted delivery of chemical or biological molecules. In these nanocarriers, liposome is largely studied nanoscale delivery systems and offers more advantages than others due to their unique structural properties. This review will highlight theranostic concept as well as some examples of theranostic liposomal formulations in clinical or preclinical stages. We briefly reviewed approaches to formulate theranostic liposomal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitkare Sachin
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University , Nanded , India
| | - Dolare Sachin
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University , Nanded , India
| | - Sakarkar Dinesh
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , S.N. Institute of Pharmacy , Pusad , India
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25
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Smart materials on the way to theranostic nanorobots: Molecular machines and nanomotors, advanced biosensors, and intelligent vehicles for drug delivery. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1530-1544. [PMID: 28130158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theranostics, a fusion of two key parts of modern medicine - diagnostics and therapy of the organism's disorders, promises to bring the efficacy of medical treatment to a fundamentally new level and to become the basis of personalized medicine. Extrapolating today's progress in the field of smart materials to the long-run prospect, we can imagine future intelligent agents capable of performing complex analysis of different physiological factors inside the living organism and implementing a built-in program thereby triggering a series of therapeutic actions. These agents, by analogy with their macroscopic counterparts, can be called nanorobots. It is quite obscure what these devices are going to look like but they will be more or less based on today's achievements in nanobiotechnology. SCOPE OF REVIEW The present Review is an attempt to systematize highly diverse nanomaterials, which may potentially serve as modules for theranostic nanorobotics, e.g., nanomotors, sensing units, and payload carriers. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Biocomputing-based sensing, externally actuated or chemically "fueled" autonomous movement, swarm inter-agent communication behavior are just a few inspiring examples that nanobiotechnology can offer today for construction of truly intelligent drug delivery systems. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The progress of smart nanomaterials toward fully autonomous drug delivery nanorobots is an exciting prospect for disease treatment. Synergistic combination of the available approaches and their further development may produce intelligent drugs of unmatched functionality.
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26
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Jo SD, Ku SH, Won YY, Kim SH, Kwon IC. Targeted Nanotheranostics for Future Personalized Medicine: Recent Progress in Cancer Therapy. Theranostics 2016; 6:1362-77. [PMID: 27375785 PMCID: PMC4924505 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, many theranostic nanomaterials have been developed by integrating therapeutic and diagnostic agents in a single regimen. Real-time visualization of nano drug carrier biodistributions, drug release processes and therapeutic responses can provide critical information needed for dynamically optimizing treatment operations in a personalized manner in real time. This review highlights recent progresses in the development of multifunctional nanoparticles possessing both therapeutic and imaging functionalities for cancer therapy. The advantages of using nanoparticle platforms are discussed. Examples demonstrating various combinations of imaging and therapeutic modalities are highlighted.
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27
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Kaklotar D, Agrawal P, Abdulla A, Singh RP, Mehata AK, Singh S, Mishra B, Pandey BL, Trigunayat A, Muthu MS. Transition from passive to active targeting of oral insulin nanomedicines: enhancement in bioavailability and glycemic control in diabetes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1465-86. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral insulin nanomedicines are effective tools for therapy and management of both Type I and Type II diabetes. This review summarizes the various nanocarriers developed so far in the literature for oral delivery of insulin. It includes lipid-based (i.e., solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes) and polymeric-based insulin nanomedicines (i.e., chitosan nanoparticles, alginate nanoparticles, dextran nanoparticles and nanoparticles of synthetic polymers) for sustained, controlled and targeted oral delivery of insulin. Mainly, goblet cell-targeting, vitamin B12 receptor-targeting, folate receptor-targeting and transferrin receptor-targeting aspects were focused. Currently, passive and active targeting approaches of oral insulin nanomedicines have improved the oral absorption of insulin and its bioavailability (up to 14%) that produced effective glycaemic control in in vivo models. These results indicate a promising future of oral insulin nanomedicines for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhansukh Kaklotar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Poornima Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Allabakshi Abdulla
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rahul P Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Abhishesh K Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bajarangprasad L Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anshuman Trigunayat
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Madaswamy S Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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28
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Pitchaimani A, Thanh Nguyen TD, Wang H, Bossmann SH, Aryal S. Design and characterization of gadolinium infused theranostic liposomes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00552g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional theranostic gadolinium infused liposomes containing the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), in its core are designed as potential candidates for diagnosis and therapy of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Pitchaimani
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS)
| | - Tuyen Duong Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS)
| | - Hongwang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | | | - Santosh Aryal
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS)
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29
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Integration of imaging into clinical practice to assess the delivery and performance of macromolecular and nanotechnology-based oncology therapies. J Control Release 2015; 219:295-312. [PMID: 26403800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional and molecular imaging has become increasingly used to evaluate interpatient and intrapatient tumor heterogeneity. Imaging allows for assessment of microenvironment parameters including tumor hypoxia, perfusion and proliferation, as well as tumor metabolism and the intratumoral distribution of specific molecular markers. Imaging information may be used to stratify patients for targeted therapies, and to define patient populations that may benefit from alternative therapeutic approaches. It also provides a method for non-invasive monitoring of treatment response at earlier time-points than traditional cues, such as tumor shrinkage. Further, companion diagnostic imaging techniques are becoming progressively more important for development and clinical implementation of targeted therapies. Imaging-based companion diagnostics are likely to be essential for the validation and FDA approval of targeted nanotherapies and macromolecular medicines. This review describes recent clinical advances in the use of functional and molecular imaging to evaluate the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, this article focuses on image-based assessment of distribution and anti-tumor effect of nano- and macromolecular systems.
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30
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Penet MF, Krishnamachary B, Chen Z, Jin J, Bhujwalla ZM. Molecular imaging of the tumor microenvironment for precision medicine and theranostics. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 124:235-56. [PMID: 25287691 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411638-2.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality from cancer and their associated conditions and treatments continue to extract a heavy social and economic global burden despite the transformative advances in science and technology in the twenty-first century. In fact, cancer incidence and mortality are expected to reach pandemic proportions by 2025, and costs of managing cancer will escalate to trillions of dollars. The inability to establish effective cancer treatments arises from the complexity of conditions that exist within tumors, the plasticity and adaptability of cancer cells coupled with their ability to escape immune surveillance, and the co-opted stromal cells and microenvironment that assist cancer cells in survival. Stromal cells, although destroyed together with cancer cells, have an ever-replenishing source that can assist in resurrecting tumors from any residual cancer cells that may survive treatment. The tumor microenvironment landscape is a continually changing landscape, with spatial and temporal heterogeneities that impact and influence cancer treatment outcome. Importantly, the changing landscape of the tumor microenvironment can be exploited for precision medicine and theranostics. Molecular and functional imaging can play important roles in shaping and selecting treatments to match this landscape. Our purpose in this review is to examine the roles of molecular and functional imaging, within the context of the tumor microenvironment, and the feasibility of their applications for precision medicine and theranostics in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Penet
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhihang Chen
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiefu Jin
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Disease heterogeneity within and between patients necessitates a patient-focused approach to cancer treatment. This exigency forms the basis for the medical practice termed personalized medicine. An emerging, important component of personalized medicine is theranostics. Theranostics describes the co-delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents in a single formulation. Co-delivery enables noninvasive, real-time visualization of drug fate, including drug pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles and intratumoral accumulation. These technological advances assist drug development and ultimately may translate to improved treatment planning at the bedside. Nanocarriers are advantageous for theranostics as their size and versatility enables integration of multiple functional components in a single platform. This chapter focuses on recent developments in advanced lipid theranostic nanomedicine from the perspective of the "all-in-one" or the "one-for-all" approach. The design paradigm of "all-in-one" is the most common approach for assembling theranostic lipid nanoparticles, where the advantages of theranostics are achieved by combining multiple components that each possesses a specific singular function for therapeutic activity or imaging contrast. We will review lipoprotein nanoparticles and liposomes as representatives of the "all-in-one" approach. Complementary to the "all-in-one" approach is the emerging paradigm of the "one-for-all" approach where nanoparticle components are intrinsically multifunctional. We will discuss the "one-for-all" approach using porphysomes as a representative. We will further discuss how the concept of "one-for-all" might overcome the regulatory hurdles facing theranostic lipid nanomedicine.
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32
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Filippi M, Remotti D, Botta M, Terreno E, Tei L. GdDOTAGA(C18)2: an efficient amphiphilic Gd(iii) chelate for the preparation of self-assembled high relaxivity MRI nanoprobes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17455-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06032j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MRI-nanoprobes endowed with improved relaxivity, incorporation stability and in vivo MRI efficiency were prepared using a newly synthesized amphiphilic GdDOTA-like complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Filippi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute
- Centro di Imaging Molecolare e Preclinico
- Università degli Studi di Torino
- Torino
- Italy
| | - D. Remotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- Alessandria
- Italy
| | - M. Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- Alessandria
- Italy
| | - E. Terreno
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute
- Centro di Imaging Molecolare e Preclinico
- Università degli Studi di Torino
- Torino
- Italy
| | - L. Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- Alessandria
- Italy
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33
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Peng H, Liu X, Wang G, Li M, Bratlie KM, Cochran E, Wang Q. Polymeric multifunctional nanomaterials for theranostics. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6856-6870. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Various applications of polymeric multifunctional nanomaterials for theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Daqing Campus
- Harbin Medical University
- Daqing
- China
| | - Guangtian Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Daqing Campus
- Harbin Medical University
- Daqing
- China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Daqing Campus
- Harbin Medical University
- Daqing
- China
| | - Kaitlin M. Bratlie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Depatrment of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Eric Cochran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
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34
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Conniot J, Silva JM, Fernandes JG, Silva LC, Gaspar R, Brocchini S, Florindo HF, Barata TS. Cancer immunotherapy: nanodelivery approaches for immune cell targeting and tracking. Front Chem 2014; 2:105. [PMID: 25505783 PMCID: PMC4244808 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases afflicting people globally. New therapeutic approaches are needed due to the complexity of cancer as a disease. Many current treatments are very toxic and have modest efficacy at best. Increased understanding of tumor biology and immunology has allowed the development of specific immunotherapies with minimal toxicity. It is important to highlight the performance of monoclonal antibodies, immune adjuvants, vaccines and cell-based treatments. Although these approaches have shown varying degrees of clinical efficacy, they illustrate the potential to develop new strategies. Targeted immunotherapy is being explored to overcome the heterogeneity of malignant cells and the immune suppression induced by both the tumor and its microenvironment. Nanodelivery strategies seek to minimize systemic exposure to target therapy to malignant tissue and cells. Intracellular penetration has been examined through the use of functionalized particulates. These nano-particulate associated medicines are being developed for use in imaging, diagnostics and cancer targeting. Although nano-particulates are inherently complex medicines, the ability to confer, at least in principle, different types of functionality allows for the plausible consideration these nanodelivery strategies can be exploited for use as combination medicines. The development of targeted nanodelivery systems in which therapeutic and imaging agents are merged into a single platform is an attractive strategy. Currently, several nanoplatform-based formulations, such as polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes and dendrimers are in preclinical and clinical stages of development. Herein, nanodelivery strategies presently investigated for cancer immunotherapy, cancer targeting mechanisms and nanocarrier functionalization methods will be described. We also intend to discuss the emerging nano-based approaches suitable to be used as imaging techniques and as cancer treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Conniot
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana M Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana G Fernandes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liana C Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Gaspar
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Steve Brocchini
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Emergent Macromolecular Therapies, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa S Barata
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Emergent Macromolecular Therapies, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
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35
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Alberti D, Toppino A, Geninatti Crich S, Meraldi C, Prandi C, Protti N, Bortolussi S, Altieri S, Aime S, Deagostino A. Synthesis of a carborane-containing cholesterol derivative and evaluation as a potential dual agent for MRI/BNCT applications. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2457-67. [PMID: 24604345 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42414f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study the synthesis and characterization of a new dual, imaging and therapeutic, agent is proposed with the aim of improving the efficacy of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) in cancer treatment. The agent (Gd-B-AC01) consists of a carborane unit (ten boron atoms) bearing a cholesterol unit on one side (to pursue the incorporation into the liposome bi-layer) and a Gd(iii)/1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane monoamide complex on the other side (as a MRI reporter to attain the quantification of the B/Gd concentration). In order to endow the BNCT agent with specific delivery properties, the liposome embedded with the MRI/BNCT dual probes has been functionalized with a pegylated phospholipid containing a folic acid residue at the end of the PEG chain. The vector allows the binding of the liposome to folate receptors that are overexpressed in many tumor types, and in particular, in human ovarian cancer cells (IGROV-1). An in vitro test on IGROV-1 cells demonstrated that Gd-B-AC01 loaded liposomes are efficient carriers for the delivery of the MRI/BNCT probes to the tumor cells. Finally, the BNCT treatment of IGROV-1 cells showed that the number of surviving cells was markedly smaller when the cells were irradiated after internalization of the folate-targeted GdB10-AC01/liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alberti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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36
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Liposomes as carriers of hydrophilic small molecule drugs: Strategies to enhance encapsulation and delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:345-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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O'Farrell AC, Shnyder SD, Marston G, Coletta PL, Gill JH. Non-invasive molecular imaging for preclinical cancer therapeutic development. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:719-35. [PMID: 23488622 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and non-invasive imaging are rapidly emerging fields in preclinical cancer drug discovery. This is driven by the need to develop more efficacious and safer treatments, the advent of molecular-targeted therapeutics, and the requirements to reduce and refine current preclinical in vivo models. Such bioimaging strategies include MRI, PET, single positron emission computed tomography, ultrasound, and optical approaches such as bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging. These molecular imaging modalities have several advantages over traditional screening methods, not least the ability to quantitatively monitor pharmacodynamic changes at the cellular and molecular level in living animals non-invasively in real time. This review aims to provide an overview of non-invasive molecular imaging techniques, highlighting the strengths, limitations and versatility of these approaches in preclinical cancer drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C O'Farrell
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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38
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Multifunctional, stimuli-sensitive nanoparticulate systems for drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:813-27. [PMID: 25287120 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 989] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticulate pharmaceutical drug delivery systems (NDDSs) to enhance the in vivo effectiveness of drugs is now well established. The development of multifunctional and stimulus-sensitive NDDSs is an active area of current research. Such NDDSs can have long circulation times, target the site of the disease and enhance the intracellular delivery of a drug. This type of NDDS can also respond to local stimuli that are characteristic of the pathological site by, for example, releasing an entrapped drug or shedding a protective coating, thus facilitating the interaction between drug-loaded nanocarriers and target cells or tissues. In addition, imaging contrast moieties can be attached to these carriers to track their real-time biodistribution and accumulation in target cells or tissues. Here, I highlight recent developments with multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive NDDSs and their therapeutic potential for diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases.
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39
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Abstract
The use of nanoparticulate pharmaceutical drug delivery systems (NDDSs) to enhance the in vivo effectiveness of drugs is now well established. The development of multifunctional and stimulus-sensitive NDDSs is an active area of current research. Such NDDSs can have long circulation times, target the site of the disease and enhance the intracellular delivery of a drug. This type of NDDS can also respond to local stimuli that are characteristic of the pathological site by, for example, releasing an entrapped drug or shedding a protective coating, thus facilitating the interaction between drug-loaded nanocarriers and target cells or tissues. In addition, imaging contrast moieties can be attached to these carriers to track their real-time biodistribution and accumulation in target cells or tissues. Here, I highlight recent developments with multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive NDDSs and their therapeutic potential for diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases.
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40
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Rosenblum D, Peer D. Omics-based nanomedicine: The future of personalized oncology. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:126-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Weledji EP, Assob JC. The ubiquitous neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM). Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2014; 3:77-81. [PMID: 25568792 PMCID: PMC4284440 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive interactions are important for cell trafficking, differentiation, function and tissue differentiation. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is involved in a diverse range of contact-mediated interactions among neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and myotubes. It is widely but transiently expressed in many tissues early in embryogenesis. Four main isoforms exist but there are many other variants resulting from alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. This review discusses the actions and association of N-CAM and variants, PSA CAM. L1CAM and receptor tyrosine kinase. Their interactions with the interstitial cells of Cajal – the pacemaker cells of the gut in the manifestation of gut motility disorders, expression in carcinomas and mesenchymal tumours are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elroy P Weledji
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jules C Assob
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon
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42
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Muthu MS, Leong DT, Mei L, Feng SS. Nanotheranostics - application and further development of nanomedicine strategies for advanced theranostics. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:660-77. [PMID: 24723986 PMCID: PMC3982135 DOI: 10.7150/thno.8698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotheranostics is to apply and further develop nanomedicine strategies for advanced theranostics. This review summarizes the various nanocarriers developed so far in the literature for nanotheranostics, which include polymer conjugations, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, metal and inorganic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers for sustained, controlled and targeted co-delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents for better theranostic effects with fewer side effects. The theranostic nanomedicine can achieve systemic circulation, evade host defenses and deliver the drug and diagnostic agents at the targeted site to diagnose and treat the disease at cellular and molecular level. The therapeutic and diagnostic agents are formulated in nanomedicine as a single theranostic platform, which can then be further conjugated to biological ligand for targeting. Nanotheranostics can also promote stimuli-responsive release, synergetic and combinatory therapy, siRNA co-delivery, multimodality therapies, oral delivery, delivery across the blood-brain barrier as well as escape from intracellular autophagy. The fruition of nanotheranostics will be able to provide personalized therapy with bright prognosis, which makes even the fatal diseases curable or at least treatable at the earliest stage.
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43
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Rolla GA, Botta M, Tei L, Cabella C, Ghiani S, Brioschi C, Maiocchi A. Paramagnetic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Novel Platform for the Development of Molecular MRI Probes. Chemistry 2013; 19:11189-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Langereis S, Geelen T, Grüll H, Strijkers GJ, Nicolay K. Paramagnetic liposomes for molecular MRI and MRI-guided drug delivery. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:728-44. [PMID: 23703874 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are a versatile class of nanoparticles with tunable properties, and multiple liposomal drug formulations have been clinically approved for cancer treatment. In recent years, an extensive library of gadolinium (Gd)-containing liposomal MRI contrast agents has been developed for molecular and cellular imaging of disease-specific markers and for image-guided drug delivery. This review discusses the advances in the development and novel applications of paramagnetic liposomes in molecular and cellular imaging, and in image-guided drug delivery. A high targeting specificity has been achieved in vitro using ligand-conjugated paramagnetic liposomes. On targeting of internalizing cell receptors, the effective longitudinal relaxivity r1 of paramagnetic liposomes is modulated by compartmentalization effects. This provides unique opportunities to monitor the biological fate of liposomes. In vivo contrast-enhanced MRI studies with nontargeted liposomes have shown the extravasation of liposomes in diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as tumors and myocardial infarction. The in vivo use of targeted paramagnetic liposomes has facilitated the specific imaging of pathophysiological processes, such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Paramagnetic liposomes loaded with drugs have been utilized for therapeutic interventions. MR image-guided drug delivery using such liposomes allows the visualization and quantification of local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Langereis
- Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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45
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Recent trends in multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers for enhanced tumor targeting. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:705265. [PMID: 23533772 PMCID: PMC3606784 DOI: 10.1155/2013/705265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are delivery systems that have been used to formulate a vast variety of therapeutic and imaging agents for the past several decades. They have significant advantages over their free forms in terms of pharmacokinetics, sensitivity for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy. The multifactorial nature of cancer and the complex physiology of the tumor microenvironment require the development of multifunctional nanocarriers. Multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers should combine long blood circulation to improve pharmacokinetics of the loaded agent and selective distribution to the tumor lesion relative to healthy tissues, remote-controlled or tumor stimuli-sensitive extravasation from blood at the tumor's vicinity, internalization motifs to move from tumor bounds and/or tumor intercellular space to the cytoplasm of cancer cells for effective tumor cell killing. This review will focus on current strategies used for cancer detection and therapy using liposomes with special attention to combination therapies.
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46
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Catanzaro V, Gringeri CV, Menchise V, Padovan S, Boffa C, Dastrù W, Chaabane L, Digilio G, Aime S. AR2p/R1pRatiometric Procedure to Assess Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activity by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Catanzaro V, Gringeri CV, Menchise V, Padovan S, Boffa C, Dastrù W, Chaabane L, Digilio G, Aime S. A R2p /R1p ratiometric procedure to assess matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity by magnetic resonance imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3926-30. [PMID: 23450786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Catanzaro
- Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Napoli, Italy
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48
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Bernsen MR, Ruggiero A, van Straten M, Kotek G, Haeck JC, Wielopolski PA, Krestin GP. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Recent Results Cancer Res 2013. [PMID: 23179877 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10853-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Imaging in Oncology is rapidly moving from the detection and size measurement of a lesion to the quantitative assessment of metabolic processes and cellular and molecular interactions. Increasing insights into cancer as a complex disease with involvement of the tumor stroma in tumor pathobiological processes have made it clear that for successful control of cancer, treatment strategies should not only be directed at the tumor cells but also targeted at the tumor microenvironment. This requires understanding of the complex molecular and cellular interactions in cancer tissue. Recent developments in imaging technology have increased the possibility to image various pathobiological processes in cancer development and response to treatment. For computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) various improvements in hardware, software, and imaging probes have lifted these modalities from classical anatomical imaging techniques to techniques suitable to image and quantify various physiological processes and molecular and cellular interactions. Next to a more general overview of possible imaging targets in oncology this chapter provides an overview of the various developments in CT and MRI technology and some specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique R Bernsen
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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49
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Abstract
The role of extracellular vesicles as an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication has been well established by many studies that have shown their capability for exchanging proteins, bioactive lipids and nucleic acids. Extracellular vesicles have been implicated in several physiological and pathological processes according to the cell of origin. Identification of the innate properties of extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells and from immune cells has led to the possibility of their exploitation in regenerative medicine and immune therapies. As extracellular vesicles are able to cross biological barriers, express surface receptors and contain defined cargoes able to target specific cells/tissues, they may represent a biocompatible and effective tool for drug delivery. Herein, we review and discuss the perspectives related to the therapeutic opportunities of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Camussi
- Department Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Peter J Quesenberry
- Department of Medicine, the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Muthu MS, Feng SS. Theranostic liposomes for cancer diagnosis and treatment: current development and pre-clinical success. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 10:151-5. [PMID: 23061654 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.729576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are one of the effective drug delivery systems that are developed based on the nanotechnology concept. Liposomal formulation is the first nanomedicine approved by the US FDA for clinical application. Recently, the marketed liposomes and stealth liposomes have made impact for cancer therapy. In addition, a few receptor-targeted liposome products have been in different phases of clinical trials, which are yet to be marketed. In the present editorial, the advantages of vitamin E TPGS-coated liposomes over the currently available PEG-coated liposomes will be described and their great potentials for nanotheranostics for cancer imaging and therapy will be covered.
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