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Quiros-Fernandez I, Libório-Ramos S, Leifert L, Schönfelder B, Vlodavsky I, Cid-Arregui A. Dual T cell receptor/chimeric antigen receptor engineered NK-92 cells targeting the HPV16 E6 oncoprotein and the tumor-associated antigen L1CAM exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity and specificity against tumor cells. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29630. [PMID: 38659368 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) causes a large fraction of genital and oropharyngeal carcinomas. To maintain the transformed state, the tumor cells must continuously synthesize the E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins, which makes them tumor-specific antigens. Indeed, specific T cell responses against them have been well documented and CD8+ T cells engineered to express T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize epitopes of E6 or E7 have been tested in clinical studies with promising results, yet with limited clinical success. Using CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood of healthy donors, we have identified two novel TCRs reactive to an unexplored E618-26 epitope. These TCRs showed limited standalone cytotoxicity against E618-26-HLA-A*02:01-presenting tumor cells. However, a single-signaling domain chimeric antigen receptor (ssdCAR) targeting L1CAM, a cell adhesion protein frequently overexpressed in HPV16-induced cancer, prompted a synergistic effect that significantly enhanced the cytotoxic capacity of NK-92/CD3/CD8 cells armored with both TCR and ssdCAR when both receptors simultaneously engaged their respective targets, as shown by live microscopy of 2-D and 3-D co-cultures. Thus, virus-specific TCRs from the CD8+ T cell repertoire of healthy donors can be combined with a suitable ssdCAR to enhance the cytotoxic capacity of the effector cells and, indirectly, their specificity.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/immunology
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Human papillomavirus 16/immunology
- Human papillomavirus 16/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Cell Line, Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Quiros-Fernandez
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET)/Research Center on Surgery and Cancer (CICICA), Faculty of Microbiology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Sofia Libório-Ramos
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Leifert
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Schönfelder
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Angel Cid-Arregui
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Giannini A, D'Oria O, Corrado G, Bruno V, Sperduti I, Bogani G, Laganà AS, Chiantera V, Caserta D, Vizza E. The role of L1CAM as predictor of poor prognosis in stage I endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:789-799. [PMID: 37454351 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular and genomic profiling in endometrial cancer is increasing popularity. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is frequently mutated in endometrial cancer. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the prognostic role of L1CAM in patients with stage I endometrial cancer. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis searching in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Web of Science database to identify studies reporting the expression of L1CAM in endometrial cancer. The primary endpoint measure was to assess and evaluate the impact of L1CAM on survival outcomes. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. RESULTS Five studies were included. The pooled results suggested that L1CAM expression influences survival outcomes in stage I endometrial cancer. High L1CAM expression correlated with worse disease-free survival (HR 4.11, 95% CI 1.02-16.59, p = 0.047) and overall survival (HR 3.62, 95% CI 1.32-9.31, p = 0.012). High L1CAM level was also associated with a more aggressive FIGO grade and with older age. CONCLUSION This systematic review supported that L1CAM have a prognostic role in stage I endometrial cancer, thus providing a potential useful tool for tailoring the need of adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giannini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, PhD Course in "Translational Medicine and Oncology", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ottavia D'Oria
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, PhD Course in "Translational Medicine and Oncology", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corrado
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino, e di Sanità Pubblica, Ginecologia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bruno
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCSS-Regina Elena National Cancer Unit Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bogani
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS "Civico - Di Cristina - Benfratelli", Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS "Civico - Di Cristina - Benfratelli", Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Caserta
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCSS-Regina Elena National Cancer Unit Institute, Rome, Italy
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Tsuchimochi R, Yamagami K, Kubo N, Amimoto N, Raudzus F, Samata B, Kikuchi T, Doi D, Yoshimoto K, Mihara A, Takahashi J. Viral delivery of L1CAM promotes axonal extensions by embryonic cerebral grafts in mouse brain. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:899-914. [PMID: 36963389 PMCID: PMC10147836 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy is expected as a new and more radical treatment against brain damage. We previously reported that transplanted human cerebral organoids extend their axons along the corticospinal tract in rodent brains. The axons reached the spinal cord but were still sparse. Therefore, this study optimized the host brain environment by the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of axon guidance proteins in mouse brain. Among netrin-1, SEMA3, and L1CAM, only L1CAM significantly promoted the axonal extension of mouse embryonic brain tissue-derived grafts. L1CAM was also expressed by donor neurons, and this promotion was exerted in a haptotactic manner by their homophilic binding. Primary cortical neurons cocultured on L1CAM-expressing HEK-293 cells supported this mechanism. These results suggest that optimizing the host environment by the AAV-mediated expression of axon guidance molecules enhances the effect of cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tsuchimochi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yamagami
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoko Kubo
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoya Amimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fabian Raudzus
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Bumpei Samata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Doi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Aya Mihara
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Doberstein K, Spivak R, Reavis HD, Hooda J, Feng Y, Kroeger PT, Stuckelberger S, Mills GB, Devins KM, Schwartz LE, Iwanicki MP, Fogel M, Altevogt P, Drapkin R. L1CAM is required for early dissemination of fallopian tube carcinoma precursors to the ovary. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1362. [PMID: 36509990 PMCID: PMC9744873 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) arise from Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma (STIC) lesions in the distal end of the fallopian tube (FT). Formation of STIC lesions from FT secretory cells leads to seeding of the ovarian surface, with rapid tumor dissemination to other abdominal structures thereafter. It remains unclear how nascent malignant cells leave the FT to colonize the ovary. This report provides evidence that the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) contributes to the ability of transformed FT secretory cells (FTSEC) to detach from the tube, survive under anchorage-independent conditions, and seed the ovarian surface. L1CAM was highly expressed on the apical cells of STIC lesions and contributed to ovarian colonization by upregulating integrins and fibronectin in malignant cells and activating the AKT and ERK pathways. These changes increased cell survival under ultra-low attachment conditions that mimic transit from the FT to the ovary. To study dissemination to the ovary, we developed a tumor-ovary co-culture model. We showed that L1CAM expression was important for FT cells to invade the ovary as a cohesive group. Our results indicate that in the early stages of HGSC development, transformed FTSECs disseminate from the FT to the ovary in a L1CAM-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Doberstein
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Gynecology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebecca Spivak
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hunter D Reavis
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jagmohan Hooda
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Feng
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Paul T Kroeger
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Stuckelberger
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kyle M Devins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lauren E Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marcin P Iwanicki
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biological Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Mina Fogel
- Central Laboratories, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Cheng L, Zhang D, Yan W. Ultrasound‑targeted microbubble destruction‑mediated overexpression of Sirtuin 3 inhibits the progression of ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:220. [PMID: 34396428 PMCID: PMC8377464 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) has recently been developed as a promising noninvasive tool for organ- and tissue-specific gene or drug delivery. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of UTMD-mediated Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) overexpression in the malignant behaviors of human ovarian cancer (HOC) cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect SIRT3 mRNA expression levels in normal human ovarian epithelial cells and HOC cell lines; low SIRT3 expression was found in HOC cell lines, and the SKOV3 cell line was used in the following experiments. The SIRT3-microbubble (MB) was prepared, and the effects of ultrasound-treated SIRT3-MB on biological processes of SKOV3 cells were determined. The proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of SKOV3 cells were measured after SIRT3 upregulation by UTMD. Xenograft tumors in nude mice were induced to observe tumor growth in vivo. Upregulation of SIRT3 inhibited the malignant behaviors of SKOV3 cells, whereas UTMD-mediated SIRT3 upregulation further inhibited proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration, and induced apoptosis of SKOV3 cells, and it also inhibited tumor formation and growth in vivo. Moreover, the present study identified hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) as a target of SIRT3. The present study provided evidence that UTMD-mediated overexpression of SIRT3 may suppress HOC progression through the inhibition of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- Department of Electrical Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Electrical Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Electrical Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Dräger O, Metz K, Busch M, Dünker N. Role of L1CAM in retinoblastoma tumorigenesis: identification of novel therapeutic targets. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:957-981. [PMID: 34228897 PMCID: PMC8847994 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The study presented focuses on the role of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) in retinoblastoma (RB), the most common malignant intraocular childhood tumor. L1CAM is differentially expressed in a variety of human cancers and has been suggested as a promising therapeutic target. We likewise observed differential expression patterns for L1CAM in RB cell lines and patient samples. The two proteases involved in ectodomain shedding of L1CAM (L1CAM sheddases: ADAM10 and ADAM17) were likewise differentially expressed in the RB cell lines investigated, and an involvement in L1CAM processing in RB cells could be verified. We also identified ezrin, galectin-3, and fibroblast growth factor basic as L1CAM signaling target genes in RB cells. Lentiviral L1CAM knockdown induced apoptosis and reduced cell viability, proliferation, growth, and colony formation capacity of RB cells, whereas L1CAM-overexpressing RB cells displayed the opposite effects. Chicken chorioallantoic membrane assays revealed that L1CAM depletion decreases the tumorigenic and migration potential of RB cells in vivo. Moreover, L1CAM depletion decreased viability and tumor growth of etoposide-resistant RB cell lines upon etoposide treatment in vitro and in vivo. Thus, L1CAM and its processing sheddases are potential novel targets for future therapeutic RB approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dräger
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | - Klaus Metz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | - Maike Busch
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | - Nicole Dünker
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
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From Proteomic Mapping to Invasion-Metastasis-Cascade Systemic Biomarkering and Targeted Drugging of Mutant BRAF-Dependent Human Cutaneous Melanomagenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092024. [PMID: 33922182 PMCID: PMC8122743 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the recent advances in human malignancy therapy, metastasis and chemoresistance remain the principal causes of cancer-derived deaths. Given the fatal forms of cutaneous metastatic melanoma, we herein employed primary (WM115) and metastatic (WM266-4) melanoma cells, both obtained from the same patient, to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Through state-of-the-art technologies including deep proteome landscaping, immunofluorescence phenotyping, and drug toxicity screening, we were able to describe new molecular programs, oncogenic drivers, and drug regimens, controlling the invasion-metastasis cascade during BRAFV600D-dependent melanomagenesis. It proved that proteomic navigation could foster the development of systemic biomarkering and targeted drugging for successful treatment of advanced disease. Abstract Melanoma is classified among the most notoriously aggressive human cancers. Despite the recent progress, due to its propensity for metastasis and resistance to therapy, novel biomarkers and oncogenic molecular drivers need to be promptly identified for metastatic melanoma. Hence, by employing nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry deep proteomics technology, advanced bioinformatics algorithms, immunofluorescence, western blotting, wound healing protocols, molecular modeling programs, and MTT assays, we comparatively examined the respective proteomic contents of WM115 primary (n = 3955 proteins) and WM266-4 metastatic (n = 6681 proteins) melanoma cells. It proved that WM115 and WM266-4 cells have engaged hybrid epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition states, with TGF-β controlling their motility in vitro. They are characterized by different signatures of SOX-dependent neural crest-like stemness and distinct architectures of the cytoskeleton network. Multiple signaling pathways have already been activated from the primary melanoma stage, whereas HIF1α, the major hypoxia-inducible factor, can be exclusively observed in metastatic melanoma cells. Invasion-metastasis cascade-specific sub-routines of activated Caspase-3-triggered apoptosis and LC3B-II-dependent constitutive autophagy were also unveiled. Importantly, WM115 and WM266-4 cells exhibited diverse drug response profiles, with epirubicin holding considerable promise as a beneficial drug for metastatic melanoma clinical management. It is the proteome navigation that enables systemic biomarkering and targeted drugging to open new therapeutic windows for advanced disease.
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Giordano M, Cavallaro U. Different Shades of L1CAM in the Pathophysiology of Cancer Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1502. [PMID: 32429448 PMCID: PMC7291284 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is aberrantly expressed in several tumor types where it is causally linked to malignancy and therapy resistance, acting also as a poor prognosis factor. Accordingly, several approaches have been developed to interfere with L1CAM function or to deliver cytotoxic agents to L1CAM-expressing tumors. Metastatic dissemination, tumor relapse and drug resistance can be fueled by a subpopulation of neoplastic cells endowed with peculiar biological properties that include self-renewal, efficient DNA repair, drug efflux machineries, quiescence, and immune evasion. These cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSC) or tumor-initiating cells, represent, therefore, an ideal target for tumor eradication. However, the molecular and functional traits of CSC have been unveiled only to a limited extent. In this context, it appears that L1CAM is expressed in the CSC compartment of certain tumors, where it plays a causal role in stemness itself and/or in biological processes intimately associated with CSC (e.g., epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance). This review summarizes the role of L1CAM in cancer focusing on its functional contribution to CSC pathophysiology. We also discuss the clinical usefulness of therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting L1CAM in the context of anti-CSC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ugo Cavallaro
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, 20128 Milan, Italy;
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L1CAM High Expression Associates with Poor Prognosis in Glioma but Does Not Correlate with C11orf95-RELA Fusion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1353284. [PMID: 32509846 PMCID: PMC7251433 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1353284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The latest WHO guideline of CNS tumor defined a RELA fusion-positive ependymoma type with extremely poor prognosis, and the expression of L1CAM was correlated well with the presence of RELA fusion. However, the L1CAM protein expression in large sample gliomas other than ependymoma, its relationship with the RELA gene and its prognostic significance remained unknown. We examined the expression of L1CAM in 565 glioma cases (WHO grade I-IV). The L1CAM IHC-positive cases were selected to test RELA fusion with FISH break-apart probes. L1CAM was positive in 109 cases (19.29%) of all 565 glioma cases, with 18.27% in low-grade gliomas and 19.84% in high-grade gliomas, respectively. Unlike ependymoma, L1CAM protein expression was not correlated with the C11orf95-RELA fusion gene in other gliomas, but it had correction with the patient age (older than 45-year-old, p = 0.006), ATRX mutation (p = 0.003) and Ki67 (p = 0.007). High expression of L1CAM was an independent prognostic factor in our cohort. Further analysis demonstrated that L1CAM strong positive expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in gliomas, both in our cohort (p < 0.001) and TCGA (p < 0.009) dataset. Although uncorrelated with C11orf95-RELA fusion, L1CAM was a significant poor prognostic marker in glioma patients. More aggressive treatment should be taken for these patients and L1CAM might be a promising therapeutic target in glioma.
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Zhang C, Cao P, Yang A, Xia X, Li Y, Shi M, Yang Y, Wei X, Yang C, Zhou G. Downregulation of ZC3H14 driven by chromosome 14q31 deletion promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating integrin signaling. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:474-486. [PMID: 30371740 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Genomic copy number deletion at chromosome 14q31.1-32.13 was frequently observed in HCC; however, the relevant functional target(s) at that locus is not well determined. Here, we performed integrative genomic analyses and identified zinc finger CCCH-type containing 14 (ZC3H14) as a promising candidate at 14q31.1-32.13. We observed frequent copy number deletion (17.1%) and downregulation of ZC3H14 in primary HCC tissues. Downregulation of ZC3H14 was significantly associated with poor outcomes of patients with HCC. Overexpression of ZC3H14 in HCC cell lines significantly suppressed HCC cells growth in vitro and metastasis in vivo. In contrast, RNA interference silencing of ZC3H14 inhibited its tumor-suppressive function. Mechanismly, through combing bioinformatics analyses and experimental investigation, we demonstrated that loss of ZC3H14 promotes HCC progression through enhancing integrin pathway. This study suggests that ZC3H14 functions as a novel tumor suppressor and is a candidate prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxiao Zhang
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pengbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Aiqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Shi
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Radiation and Oncology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chun Yang
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Gangqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
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Tampakis A, Tampaki EC, Nonni A, Tsourouflis G, Posabella A, Patsouris E, Kontzoglou K, von Flüe M, Nikiteas N, Kouraklis G. L1CAM expression in colorectal cancer identifies a high-risk group of patients with dismal prognosis already in early-stage disease. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:55-59. [PMID: 31532272 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1667022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Metastatic disease in colorectal cancer represents a major cause of significant cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. L1CAM is a stem cell marker, cell adhesion molecule, belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (IgCAM) and it is aberrantly expressed in several different types of human solid tumors. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression patterns of L1CAM and its clinical significance in colorectal cancer.Patients and methods: Surgical specimens of 109 patients with primary resectable colorectal cancer were examined for L1CAM expression via immunohistochemistry and the results were correlated with clinical and survival data.Results: L1CAM expression was significantly correlated with advanced stage of disease (p < .001), higher T classification (p = .040), the presence of lymph node (p < .001) and distant metastasis (p = .011). Patients displaying high L1CAM expression demonstrated a dismal three-year progression free survival (29.7% vs 87.1%, p < .001) and five-year overall survival (39.9% vs 87.7%, p < .001). Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard models revealed high L1CAM expression as a prognostic marker of dismal progression free (HR 0.187, 95%CI = 0.075-0.467, p < .0001) and overall survival (HR 0.154, 95%CI = 0.049-0.483, p = .001) independent of other clinicopathological characteristics. Subgroup analysis comprised of patients with early stage disease only presented as well significantly worse progression free and overall survival when L1CAM exhibited high expression.Conclusions: Colorectal cancer patients displaying high expression of L1CAM harbor high risk for metastasis already in early stage disease identifying therefore a group of patients prone to dismal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tampakis
- Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Christina Tampaki
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Afroditi Nonni
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alberto Posabella
- Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Markus von Flüe
- Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Nikiteas
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Kouraklis
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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12
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Kim SW, Park HW, Kim H, Lee S, Choi SY, Park Y, Lee SW. Evaluating Antitumor Activity of Kiatomab by Targeting Cancer Stem Cell-Specific KIAA1114 Antigen in Mice. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e43. [PMID: 31921473 PMCID: PMC6943170 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A full-length translational product of the trophinin gene, KIAA1114, is a distinctive marker of cancer stem cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma, and a mAb, Kiatomab, is specific to KIAA1114 antigen. In this study, we addressed the therapeutic potential of Kiatomab for treating both metastatic and solid tumors in mouse models. Kiatomab recognizes the linear epitope of KIAA1114, which is expressed on cell surfaces of various murine cancer cell lines. Kiatomab treatment induced potent antitumor responses in pulmonary metastasis models. Antitumor activity was mediated by the fragment crystallizable portion of Kiatomab and dependent on the host immune system. The use of Kiatomab alone as an antitumor therapy was ineffective in solid tumor models. However, in combination with cyclophosphamide, or by switching the isotype of the mAb, improved antitumor effects of Kiatomab were observed. These results suggest that Kiatomab can be used as a novel mAb for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Won Kim
- Research Institute, SL-BIGEN Inc., Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Han Wook Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyekang Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seungwon Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Yunji Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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13
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Jiang Q, Xie Q, Hu C, Yang Z, Huang P, Shen H, Schachner M, Zhao W. Glioma malignancy is linked to interdependent and inverse AMOG and L1 adhesion molecule expression. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:911. [PMID: 31510944 PMCID: PMC6739972 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas account for the majority of primary human brain tumors and remain a challenging neoplasm for cure due to limited therapeutic options. Cell adhesion molecules play pivotal roles in the growth and progression of glial tumors. Roles of the adhesion molecules on glia (AMOG) and L1CAM (L1) in glioma cells have been shown to correlate with tumorigenesis: Increased expression of L1 and decreased expression of AMOG correlate with degree of malignancy. METHODS We evaluated the interdependence in expression of these molecules by investigating the role of AMOG in vitro via modulation of L1 expression and analyzing apoptosis and cell senescence of glioma cells. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining of normal human cortical and glioma tissue microarrays demonstrated that AMOG expression was lower in human gliomas compared to normal tissue and is inversely correlated with the degree of malignancy. Moreover, reduction of AMOG expression in human glioblastoma cells elevated L1 expression, which is accompanied by decreased cell apoptosis as well as senescence. CONCLUSION AMOG and L1 interdependently regulate their expression levels not only in U-87 MG cells but also in U251 and SHG44 human glioma cell lines. The capacity of AMOG to reduce L1 expression suggests that methods for increasing AMOG expression may provide a therapeutic choice for the management of glial tumors with high expression of L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jiang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xie
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Hu
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhai Yang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhi Huang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifan Shen
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China.
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Weijiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Maten MVD, Reijnen C, Pijnenborg JMA, Zegers MM. L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule in Cancer, a Systematic Review on Domain-Specific Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174180. [PMID: 31455004 PMCID: PMC6747497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a glycoprotein involved in cancer development and is associated with metastases and poor prognosis. Cellular processing of L1CAM results in expression of either full-length or cleaved forms of the protein. The different forms of L1CAM may localize at the plasma membrane as a transmembrane protein, or in the intra- or extracellular environment as cleaved or exosomal forms. Here, we systematically analyze available literature that directly relates to L1CAM domains and associated signaling pathways in cancer. Specifically, we chart its domain-specific functions in relation to cancer progression, and outline pre-clinical assays used to assess L1CAM. It is found that full-length L1CAM has both intracellular and extracellular targets, including interactions with integrins, and linkage with ezrin. Cellular processing leading to proteolytic cleavage and/or exosome formation results in extracellular soluble forms of L1CAM that may act through similar mechanisms as compared to full-length L1CAM, such as integrin-dependent signals, but also through distinct mechanisms. We provide an algorithm to guide a step-wise analysis on L1CAM in clinical samples, to promote interpretation of domain-specific expression. This systematic review infers that L1CAM has an important role in cancer progression that can be attributed to domain-specific forms. Most studies focus on the full-length plasma membrane L1CAM, yet knowledge on the domain-specific forms is a prerequisite for selective targeting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam van der Maten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Reijnen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M A Pijnenborg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam M Zegers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Deng F, Miller J. A review on protein markers of exosome from different bio-resources and the antibodies used for characterization. J Histotechnol 2019; 42:226-239. [PMID: 31432761 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2019.1646984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (ranging from 30 nm to 150 nm), secreted by different cell types upon fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) to the cell plasma membrane under a variety of normal and pathological conditions. Through transferring their cargos such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids from donor cells to recipient cells, exosomes play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication. Due to their presence in most body fluids (such as blood, breast milk, saliva, urine, bile, pancreatic juice, cerebrospinal and peritoneal fluids), and their role in carrying bioactive molecules from the cells of origin, exosomes have attracted great interest in their diagnostic and prognostic value for various diseases and therapeutic approaches. Although a large body of literature has documented the importance of exosomes over the past decade, there is no article systematically summarizing protein markers of exosome from different resources and the antibodies that are suited to characterize exosomes. In this review, we briefly summarize the exosome marker proteins, exosomal biomarkers for different diseases, and the antibodies suitable for different bio-resources exosomes characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Deng
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Josh Miller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
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16
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Song IH, Jeong MS, Hong HJ, Shin JI, Park YS, Woo SK, Moon BS, Kim KI, Lee YJ, Kang JH, Lee TS. Development of a Theranostic Convergence Bioradiopharmaceutical for Immuno-PET Based Radioimmunotherapy of L1CAM in Cholangiocarcinoma Model. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6148-6159. [PMID: 31337646 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy of bile duct with a poor prognosis. Conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy are generally ineffective, and surgical resection is the only curative treatment for cholangiocarcinoma. L1-cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) has been known as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of immuno-PET imaging-based radioimmunotherapy using radiolabeled anti-L1CAM antibody in cholangiocarcinoma xenograft model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We prepared a theranostic convergence bioradiopharmaceutical using chimeric anti-L1CAM antibody (cA10-A3) conjugated with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) chelator and labeled with 64Cu or 177Lu and evaluated the immuno-PET or SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution with 64Cu-/177Lu-cA10-A3 in various cholangiocarcinoma xenograft models. Therapeutic efficacy and response monitoring were performed by 177Lu-cA10-A3 and 18F-FDG-PET, respectively, and immunohistochemistry was done by TUNEL and Ki-67. RESULTS Radiolabeled cA10-A3 antibodies specifically recognized L1CAM in vitro, clearly visualized cholangiocarcinoma tumors in immuno-PET and SPECT/CT imaging, and differentiated the L1CAM expression level in cholangiocarcinoma xenograft models. 177Lu-cA10-A3 (12.95 MBq/100 μg) showed statistically significant reduction in tumor volumes (P < 0.05) and decreased glucose metabolism (P < 0.01). IHC analysis revealed 177Lu-cA10-A3 treatment increased TUNEL-positive and decreased Ki-67-positive cells, compared with saline, cA10-A3, or 177Lu-isotype. CONCLUSIONS Anti-L1CAM immuno-PET imaging using 64Cu-cA10-A3 could be translated into the clinic for characterizing the pharmacokinetics and selecting appropriate patients for radioimmunotherapy. Radioimmunotherapy using 177Lu-cA10-A3 may provide survival benefit in L1CAM-expressing cholangiocarcinoma tumor. Theranostic convergence bioradiopharmaceutical strategy would be applied as imaging biomarker-based personalized medicine in L1CAM-expressing patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ho Song
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Mun Sik Jeong
- Department of Systems Immunology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Department of Systems Immunology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong Il Shin
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Woo
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kang
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
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17
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Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Neuroblastoma and Malignant Melanoma. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8097398. [PMID: 30510968 PMCID: PMC6232800 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8097398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) and malignant melanoma (MM), tumors of pediatric age and adulthood, respectively, share a common origin, both of them deriving from the neural crest cells. Although NB and MM have a different behavior, in respect to age of onset, primary tissue involvement and metastatic spread, the prognosis for high stage-affected patients is still poor, in spite of aggressive treatment strategies and the huge amount of new discovered biological knowledge. For these reasons researchers are continuously attempting to find out new treatment options, which in a near future could be translated to the clinical practice. In the last two decades, a strong effort has been spent in the field of translational research of immunotherapy which led to satisfactory results. Indeed, several immunotherapeutic clinical trials have been performed and some of them also resulted beneficial. Here, we summarize preclinical studies based on immunotherapeutic approaches applied in models of both NB and MM.
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18
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Notaro S, Reimer D, Duggan-Peer M, Fiegl H, Wiedermair A, Rössler J, Altevogt P, Marth C, Zeimet AG. Evaluating L1CAM expression in human endometrial cancer using qRT-PCR. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40221-40232. [PMID: 27233077 PMCID: PMC5130004 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management of endometrial carcinoma (EC) still needs improvement of risk assessment. Recently, L1CAM immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation showed a unique value to predict the outcome of early EC. However IHC results are often conflicting for lack of inter-laboratory standardisation. Methods Here, as a proof of concept and to increase reproducibility we assayed eighty-two EC and 26 normal endometrium samples for L1CAM expression (L1CAMEXP) via qRT-PCR. The IHC evaluation was performed in 50 cancer samples. Moreover, we aimed to substantiate the in-vitro findings of L1CAM regulation through its promoter methylation (L1CAMMET), miR-34a expression and miR-34a promoter methylation. DNA methylation was assessed with MethyLight PCR technique. Results High overall concordant results between IHC and RT-PCR evaluations were found. L1CAMEXP was detected in 11% of cancer specimens. These positive cancers exhibited a worse DFS (p=0.032) and OS (p=0.016) in a multivariate COX-regression model. L1CAMEXP predicted distant failure (p=0.007) and L1CAMMET predicted risk-reduction of lymph-node involvement (p=0.005). Inverse correlations between L1CAMEXP and L1CAMMET (p=0.004) and between L1CAMEXP and miR-34a expression (p=0.002) were found. Conclusions In conclusion qRT-PCR analysis is a reliable approach to evaluate L1CAM status in EC and L1CAMEXP was highly predictive for distant failure and poor outcome, confirming the large IHC-based studies. Interestingly, L1CAMMET was able to assess the risk of pelvic lymph-node involvement. Especially the latter finding has to be confirmed in larger prospective series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Notaro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniel Reimer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Duggan-Peer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heidi Fiegl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Annamarie Wiedermair
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Rössler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Marth
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alain Gustave Zeimet
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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19
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Schrevel M, Corver WE, Vegter ME, Ter Haar NT, Dreef EJ, Beltman JJ, Kenter G, Bosse T, de Kroon CD, Jordanova ES. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a strong predictor for locoregional recurrences in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87568-87581. [PMID: 29152102 PMCID: PMC5675654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) has been shown to be a prognostic marker in various cancer types, and has been suggested to play a role in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we determined the prognostic significance of L1CAM in cervical cancer and its association with vimentin expression on tumor cells, indicative of EMT. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumor samples from 372 cervical cancer patients were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of L1CAM expression. In 109 FFPE specimens, the percentage of vimentin expressing tumor cells was determined by flow cytometry. Results Positive L1CAM expression (≥10% of tumor cells) was associated with disease-free survival, validated using RNAseq TCGA data. L1CAM expression was independently associated with locoregional recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio 2.62, 95% CI 1.33 – 5.17, P = 0.006), and strongly associated with percentage of vimentin expressing tumor cells (P = 0.003). Expression of both L1CAM and vimentin indicated a subgroup with the highest risk of recurrence (hazard ratio 3.15, 95% CI 1.25 – 7.92, P = 0.015). Conclusion L1CAM might be a promising new prognostic marker for locoregional recurrences in cervical cancer, and its association with vimentin expression suggests that L1CAM might affect tumor aggressiveness, possibly through EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Schrevel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem E Corver
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margit E Vegter
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natalja T Ter Haar
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Enno J Dreef
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum J Beltman
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma Kenter
- Department of Gynecology, VUmc, Centre for Gynecologic Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis D de Kroon
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gynecology, VUmc, Centre for Gynecologic Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Kim H, Hwang H, Lee H, Hong HJ. L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule Promotes Migration and Invasion via JNK Activation in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cells with Activating KRAS Mutation. Mol Cells 2017; 40:363-370. [PMID: 28535665 PMCID: PMC5463045 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), a malignant tumor of biliary origin, has a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. The KRAS oncogene is the most commonly mutated gene in ECC and one of the factors that predicts a poor prognosis and low survival rate. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is expressed in ECC cells and acts as an independent poor prognostic factor in predicting patient survival. In this study we investigate the functional significance of L1CAM in ECC cells with activating KRAS mutation. We selected an ECC cell line, EGI-1, with activating KRAS mutation, and then confirmed its expression of L1CAM by RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and flow cytometry. The suppression of L1CAM expression (using a specific lentivirus-delivered shRNA) significantly decreased the migratory and invasive properties of EGI-1 cells, without altering their proliferation or survival. Analyses of signaling effectors in L1CAM-depleted and control EGI-1 cells indicated that L1CAM suppression decreased the levels of both phosphorylated MKK4 and total MKK4, together with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Further, exposure to a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) decreased migration and invasion of EGI-1 cells. These results suggest that L1CAM promotes cellular migration and invasion via the induction of MKK4 expression, leading to JNK activation. Our study is the first to demonstrate a functional role for L1CAM in ECC carrying the activating KRAS mutation. Given that KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene in ECC, L1CAM may serve as an attractive therapeutic target for ECC cells with activating KRAS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejung Kim
- Department of Biology, College of National Science, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Haein Hwang
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Hansoo Lee
- Department of Biology, College of National Science, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
- Department of Systems Immunology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
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21
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The Pleiotropic Role of L1CAM in Tumor Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020254. [PMID: 28134764 PMCID: PMC5343790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels, is a key step in the development, invasion, and dissemination of solid tumors and, therefore, represents a viable target in the context of antitumor therapy. Indeed, antiangiogenic approaches have given promising results in preclinical models and entered the clinical practice. However, in patients, the results obtained so far with antiangiogenic drugs have not completely fulfilled expectations, especially because their effect has been transient with tumors developing resistance and evasion mechanisms. A better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie tumor vascularization and the functional regulation of cancer vessels is a prerequisite for the development of novel and alternative antiangiogenic treatments. The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), a cell surface glycoprotein previously implicated in the development and plasticity of the nervous system, is aberrantly expressed in the vasculature of various cancer types. L1CAM plays multiple pro-angiogenic roles in the endothelial cells of tumor-associated vessels, thus emerging as a potential therapeutic target. In addition, L1CAM prevents the maturation of cancer vasculature and its inhibition promotes vessel normalization, a process that is thought to improve the therapeutic response of tumors to cytotoxic drugs. We here provide an overview on tumor angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapies and summarize the current knowledge on the biological role of L1CAM in cancer vasculature. Finally, we highlight the clinical implications of targeting L1CAM as a novel antiangiogenic and vessel-normalizing approach.
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Yang Z, Xie Q, Hu CL, Jiang Q, Shen HF, Schachner M, Zhao WJ. CHL1 Is Expressed and Functions as a Malignancy Promoter in Glioma Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:324. [PMID: 29089868 PMCID: PMC5650976 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule with homology to L1CAM (close homolog of L1) (CHL1) is a member of the cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) gene family. Although CHL1 expression and function have been reported in several tumors, the roles of CHL1 in the development of glioma remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CHL1 on proliferation indexes and activation of Akt1 and Erk signaling by siRNA in U-87 MG human glioblastoma and human U251 and SHG-44 glioma cells. We found that siRNA targeting CHL1 significantly down-regulated the expression of CHL1 mRNA and protein accompanied by reduced cell proliferation and transmigration invasion in all three cell lines. Down-regulating CHL1 expression also reduced cell survival, as measured by the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and increased activation of caspase-3. In subcutaneous U-87 MG cell xenograft tumors in nude mice, intratumoral administration of siRNA targeting CHL1 treatment significantly down-regulated CHL1 expression in vivo, accompanied by increased levels of activated caspase-3. Our combined results confirmed for the first time that in contrast to findings about CHL1 in most other cancer types, CHL1 functions in promoting cell proliferation, metastasis and migration in human glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that CHL1 is a therapeutic target in the clinical management of glioma/glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhai Yang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Hu
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui-Fan Shen
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Melitta Schachner Wei-Jiang Zhao
| | - Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Melitta Schachner Wei-Jiang Zhao
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Pechriggl EJ, Concin N, Blumer MJ, Bitsche M, Zwierzina M, Dudas J, Koziel K, Altevogt P, Zeimet AG, Fritsch H. L1CAM in the Early Enteric and Urogenital System. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 65:21-32. [PMID: 28026654 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416677241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a transmembrane molecule belonging to the L1 protein family. It has shown to be a key player in axonal guidance in the course of neuronal development. Furthermore, L1CAM is also crucial for the establishment of the enteric and urogenital organs and is aberrantly expressed in cancer originating in these organs. Carcinogenesis and embryogenesis follow a lot of similar molecular pathways, but unfortunately, comprehensive data on L1CAM expression and localization in human developing organs are lacking so far. In the present study we, therefore, examined the spatiotemporal distribution of L1CAM in the early human fetal period (weeks 8-12 of gestation) by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). In the epithelia of the gastrointestinal organs, L1CAM localization cannot be observed in the examined stages most likely due to their advanced polarization and differentiation. Despite these results, our ISH data indicate weak L1CAM expression, but only in few epithelial cells. The genital tracts, however, are distinctly L1CAM positive throughout the entire fetal period. We, therefore, conclude that in embryogenesis L1CAM is crucial for further differentiation of epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Judith Pechriggl
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology (EJP, MJB, MB, MZ, HF), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Concin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (NC, KK, A-GZ), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael J Blumer
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology (EJP, MJB, MB, MZ, HF), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mario Bitsche
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology (EJP, MJB, MB, MZ, HF), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marit Zwierzina
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology (EJP, MJB, MB, MZ, HF), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jozsef Dudas
- Department of Otolaryngology (JD), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Koziel
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (NC, KK, A-GZ), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (PA).,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (PA)
| | - Alain-Gustave Zeimet
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (NC, KK, A-GZ), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helga Fritsch
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology (EJP, MJB, MB, MZ, HF), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Gordan S, Biburger M, Nimmerjahn F. bIgG time for large eaters: monocytes and macrophages as effector and target cells of antibody-mediated immune activation and repression. Immunol Rev 2016; 268:52-65. [PMID: 26497512 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocytic system consists of a great variety of cell subsets localized throughout the body in immunological and non-immunological tissues. While one of their prime tasks is to detect, phagocytose, and kill intruding microorganisms, they are also involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune tolerance toward self through removal of dying cells. Furthermore, monocytes and macrophages have been recognized to play a critical role for mediating immunoglobulin G (IgG)-dependent effector functions, including target cell depletion, tissue inflammation, and immunomodulation. For this, monocyte and macrophage populations are equipped with a complex set of Fc-receptors, enabling them to directly interact with pro- or anti-inflammatory IgG preparations. In this review, we will summarize the most recent findings, supporting a central role of monocytes and macrophages for pro- and anti-inflammatory IgG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gordan
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Biburger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Fankhauser CD, Bode PK, Hermanns T, Sander S, Beyer J, Sulser T, Altevogt P, Moch H, Tischler V. L1-CAM is commonly expressed in testicular germ cell tumours. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:460-2. [PMID: 26933044 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Fankhauser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter K Bode
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Sander
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Beyer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Verena Tischler
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Yu X, Yang F, Fu DL, Jin C. L1 cell adhesion molecule as a therapeutic target in cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:359-71. [PMID: 26781307 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2016.1143363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is the prototype member of the L1-family of closely related neural adhesion molecules. L1CAM is differentially expressed in the normal nervous system as well as pathological tissues and displays a wide range of biological activities. In human malignancies, L1CAM plays a vital role in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that L1CAM exerts a variety of functions at different steps of tumor progression through a series of signaling pathways. In addition, L1CAM has been identified as a promising target for cancer therapy by using synthetic and natural inhibitors. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the role of L1CAM involved in cancers and the rationale for L1CAM as a novel molecular target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Yu
- a Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Feng Yang
- a Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - De-Liang Fu
- a Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Chen Jin
- a Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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Cho S, Park I, Kim H, Jeong MS, Lim M, Lee ES, Kim JH, Kim S, Hong HJ. Generation, characterization and preclinical studies of a human anti-L1CAM monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with rodent L1CAM. MAbs 2016; 8:414-25. [PMID: 26785809 PMCID: PMC5037990 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1125067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is aberrantly expressed in malignant tumors and plays important roles in tumor progression. Thus, L1CAM could serve as a therapeutic target and anti-L1CAM antibodies may have potential as anticancer agents. However, L1CAM is expressed in neural cells and the druggability of anti-L1AM antibody must be validated at the earliest stages of preclinical study. Here, we generated a human monoclonal antibody that is cross-reactive with mouse L1CAM and evaluated its pharmacokinetic properties and anti-tumor efficacy in rodent models. First, we selected an antibody (Ab4) that binds human and mouse L1CAM from the human naïve Fab library using phage display, then increased its affinity 45-fold through mutation of 3 residues in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) to generate Ab4M. Next, the affinity of Ab4M was increased 1.8-fold by yeast display of single-chain variable fragment containing randomly mutated light chain CDR3 to generate Ab417. The affinities (KD) of Ab417 for human and mouse L1CAM were 0.24 nM and 79.16 pM, respectively. Ab417 specifically bound the Ig5 domain of L1CAM and did not exhibit off-target activity, but bound to the peripheral nerves embedded in normal human tissues as expected in immunohistochemical analysis. In a pharmacokinetics study, the mean half-life of Ab417 was 114.49 h when a single dose (10 mg/kg) was intravenously injected into SD rats. Ab417 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a human cholangiocarcinoma xenograft nude mouse model and did not induce any adverse effect in in vivo studies. Thus, Ab417 may have potential as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Cho
- a Department of Functional Genomics , University of Science & Technology , Daejeon , Korea.,b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Insoo Park
- c Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Haejung Kim
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Mun Sik Jeong
- d Department of Systems Immunology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Mooney Lim
- d Department of Systems Immunology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Eung Suk Lee
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- c Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hong
- b Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea.,d Department of Systems Immunology , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea
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28
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Altevogt P, Doberstein K, Fogel M. L1CAM in human cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1565-76. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg; Mannheim Germany
| | - Kai Doberstein
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mina Fogel
- Central Laboratories; Kaplan Medical Center; Rehovot Israel
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29
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Hazin J, Moldenhauer G, Altevogt P, Brady NR. A novel method for measuring cellular antibody uptake using imaging flow cytometry reveals distinct uptake rates for two different monoclonal antibodies targeting L1. J Immunol Methods 2015; 423:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Molecular targets and pathways involved in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:623-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
The capacity of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to eliminate virtually any target cell has resulted in the widespread introduction of cytotoxic antibodies into the clinic in settings of cancer therapy, autoimmunity, and transplantation, for example. More recently, it has become apparent that also the protection from viral infection via IgG antibodies may require cytotoxic effector functions, suggesting that antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) directed against malignant or virally infected cells is one of the most essential effector mechanisms triggered by IgG antibodies to protect the host. A detailed understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular pathways is critical, therefore, to make full use of this antibody effector function. Several studies over the last years have provided novel insights into the effector pathways and innate immune effector cells responsible for ADCC reactions. One of the most notable outcomes of many of these reports is that cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system rather than natural killer cells are critical for removal of IgG opsonized target cells in vivo.
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Shi Y, Fan X, Deng H, Brezski RJ, Rycyzyn M, Jordan RE, Strohl WR, Zou Q, Zhang N, An Z. Trastuzumab triggers phagocytic killing of high HER2 cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by interaction with Fcγ receptors on macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4379-86. [PMID: 25795760 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab has been used for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer for more than a decade, but the mechanisms of action for the therapy are still being actively investigated. Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells is well recognized as one of the key mechanisms of action for trastuzumab, but trastuzumab-mediated Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) has not been established. In this study, we demonstrate that macrophages, by way of phagocytic engulfment, can mediate ADCP and cancer cell killing in the presence of trastuzumab. Increased infiltration of macrophages in the tumor tissue was associated with enhanced efficacy of trastuzumab whereas depletion of macrophages resulted in reduced antitumor efficacy in mouse xenograft tumor models. Among the four mouse FcγRs, FcγRIV exhibits the strongest binding affinity to trastuzumab. Knockdown of FcγRIV in mouse macrophages reduced cancer cell killing and ADCP activity triggered by trastuzumab. Consistently, an upregulation of FcγRIV expression by IFN-γ triggered an increased ADCP activity by trastuzumab. In an analogous fashion, IFN-γ priming of human macrophages increased the expression of FcγRIII, the ortholog of murine FcγRIV, and increased trastuzumab-mediated cancer cell killing. Thus, in two independent systems, the results indicated that activation of macrophages in combination with trastuzumab can serve as a therapeutic strategy for treating high HER2 breast cancer by boosting ADCP killing of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xuejun Fan
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hui Deng
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Randall J Brezski
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19002
| | - Michael Rycyzyn
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19002
| | - Robert E Jordan
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19002
| | - William R Strohl
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19002
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030;
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030;
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Bosse T, Nout R, Stelloo E, Dreef E, Nijman H, Jürgenliemk-Schulz I, Jobsen J, Creutzberg C, Smit V. L1 cell adhesion molecule is a strong predictor for distant recurrence and overall survival in early stage endometrial cancer: Pooled PORTEC trial results. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2602-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Doberstein K, Harter PN, Haberkorn U, Bretz NP, Arnold B, Carretero R, Moldenhauer G, Mittelbronn M, Altevogt P. Antibody therapy to human L1CAM in a transgenic mouse model blocks local tumor growth but induces EMT. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E326-39. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Doberstein
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University Frankfurt; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Niko P. Bretz
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Bernd Arnold
- Molecular Immunology, D050, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rafael Carretero
- Molecular Immunology, D050, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Gerhard Moldenhauer
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University Frankfurt; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Translational Immunology, D015, Tumor Immunology Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
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Weledji EP, Assob JC. The ubiquitous neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM). Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2014; 3:77-81. [PMID: 25568792 PMCID: PMC4284440 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive interactions are important for cell trafficking, differentiation, function and tissue differentiation. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is involved in a diverse range of contact-mediated interactions among neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and myotubes. It is widely but transiently expressed in many tissues early in embryogenesis. Four main isoforms exist but there are many other variants resulting from alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. This review discusses the actions and association of N-CAM and variants, PSA CAM. L1CAM and receptor tyrosine kinase. Their interactions with the interstitial cells of Cajal – the pacemaker cells of the gut in the manifestation of gut motility disorders, expression in carcinomas and mesenchymal tumours are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elroy P Weledji
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jules C Assob
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon
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Anti-L1CAM radioimmunotherapy is more effective with the radiolanthanide terbium-161 compared to lutetium-177 in an ovarian cancer model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41:1907-15. [PMID: 24859811 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is considered a valuable target for therapeutic intervention in different types of cancer. Recent studies have shown that anti-L1CAM radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with (67)Cu- and (177)Lu-labelled internalising monoclonal antibody (mAb) chCE7 was effective in the treatment of human ovarian cancer xenografts. In this study, we directly compared the therapeutic efficacy of anti-L1CAM RIT against human ovarian cancer under equitoxic conditions with the radiolanthanide (177)Lu and the potential alternative (161)Tb in an ovarian cancer therapy model. METHODS Tb was produced by neutron bombardment of enriched (160)Gd targets. (161)Tb and (177)Lu were used for radiolabelling of DOTA-conjugated antibodies. The in vivo behaviour of the radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) was assessed in IGROV1 tumour-bearing nude mice using biodistribution experiments and SPECT/CT imaging. After ascertaining the maximal tolerated doses (MTD) the therapeutic impact of 50 % MTD of (177)Lu- and (161)Tb-DOTA-chCE7 was evaluated in groups of ten mice by monitoring the tumour size of subcutaneous IGROV1 tumours. RESULTS The average number of DOTA ligands per antibody was 2.5 and maximum specific activities of 600 MBq/mg were achieved under identical radiolabelling conditions. RICs were stable in human plasma for at least 48 h. (177)Lu- and (161)Tb-DOTA-chCE7 showed high tumour uptake (37.8-39.0 %IA/g, 144 h p.i.) with low levels in off-target organs. SPECT/CT images confirmed the biodistribution data. (161)Tb-labelled chCE7 revealed a higher radiotoxicity in nude mice (MTD: 10 MBq) than the (177)Lu-labelled counterpart (MTD: 12 MBq). In a comparative therapy study with equitoxic doses, tumour growth inhibition was better by 82.6 % for the (161)Tb-DOTA-chCE7 than the (177)Lu-DOTA-chCE7 RIT. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to show that anti-L1CAM (161)Tb RIT is more effective compared to (177)Lu RIT in ovarian cancer xenografts. These results suggest that (161)Tb is a promising candidate for future clinical applications in combination with internalising antibodies.
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Salvo E, Garasa S, Dotor J, Morales X, Peláez R, Altevogt P, Rouzaut A. Combined targeting of TGF-β1 and integrin β3 impairs lymph node metastasis in a mouse model of non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:112. [PMID: 24884715 PMCID: PMC4049383 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) acts as a tumor suppressor early in carcinogenesis but turns into tumor promoter in later disease stages. In fact, TGF-β is a known inducer of integrin expression by tumor cells which contributes to cancer metastatic spread and TGF-β inhibition has been shown to attenuate metastasis in mouse models. However, carcinoma cells often become refractory to TGF-β-mediated growth inhibition. Therefore identifying patients that may benefit from anti-TGF-β therapy requires careful selection. Methods We performed in vitro analysis of the effects of exposure to TGF-β in NSCLC cell chemotaxis and adhesion to lymphatic endothelial cells. We also studied in an orthotopic model of NSCLC the incidence of metastases to the lymph nodes after inhibition of TGF-β signaling, β3 integrin expression or both. Results We offer evidences of increased β3-integrin dependent NSCLC adhesion to lymphatic endothelium after TGF-β exposure. In vivo experiments show that targeting of TGF-β and β3 integrin significantly reduces the incidence of lymph node metastasis. Even more, blockade of β3 integrin expression in tumors that did not respond to TGF-β inhibition severely impaired the ability of the tumor to metastasize towards the lymph nodes. Conclusion These findings suggest that lung cancer tumors refractory to TGF-β monotherapy can be effectively treated using dual therapy that combines the inhibition of tumor cell adhesion to lymphatic vessels with stromal TGF-β inhibition.
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L1 cell adhesion molecule as a potential therapeutic target in murine models of endometriosis using a monoclonal antibody approach. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82512. [PMID: 24324802 PMCID: PMC3853202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The neural cell adhesion molecule L1CAM is a transmembrane glycoprotein abnormally expressed in tumors and previously associated with cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion, as well as neurite outgrowth in endometriosis. Being an attractive target molecule for antibody-based therapy, the present study assessed the ability of the monoclonal anti-L1 antibody (anti-L1 mAb) to impair the development of endometriotic lesions invivo and endometriosis-associated nerve fiber growth. Methods and Results Endometriosis was experimentally induced in sexually mature B6C3F1 (n=34) and CD-1 nude (n=21) mice by autologous and heterologous transplantation, respectively, of endometrial fragments into the peritoneal cavity. Transplantation was confirmed four weeks post-surgery by invivo magnetic resonance imaging and laparotomy, respectively. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected with anti-L1 mAb or an IgG isotype control antibody twice weekly, over a period of four weeks. Upon treatment completion, mice were sacrificed and endometrial implants were excised, measured and fixed. Endometriosis was histologically confirmed and L1CAM was detected by immunohistochemistry. Endometriotic lesion size was significantly reduced in anti-L1-treated B6C3F1 and CD-1 nude mice compared to mice treated with control antibody (P<0.05). Accordingly, a decreased number of PCNA positive epithelial and stromal cells was detected in autologously and heterologously induced endometriotic lesions exposed to anti-L1 mAb treatment. Anti-L1-treated mice also presented a diminished number of intraperitoneal adhesions at implantation sites compared with controls. Furthermore, a double-blind counting of anti-neurofilament L stained nerves revealed significantly reduced nerve density within peritoneal lesions in anti-L1 treated B6C3F1 mice (P=0.0039). Conclusions Local anti-L1 mAb treatment suppressed endometriosis growth in B6C3F1 and CD-1 nude mice and exerted a potent anti-neurogenic effect on induced endometriotic lesions invivo. The findings of this preliminary study in mice provide a strong basis for further testing in invivo models.
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Ito T, Yamada S, Tanaka C, Ito S, Murai T, Kobayashi D, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Nomoto S, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Overexpression of L1CAM is associated with tumor progression and prognosis via ERK signaling in gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:560-8. [PMID: 24046108 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, has recently been observed in a variety of human malignancies. However, its clinical implication in gastric cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of L1CAM in gastric cancer and to analyze its correlation with tumor progression and prognosis. METHODS L1CAM expression was measured in human gastric cancer cell lines and knockdown was conducted using siRNA. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration ability was assessed in vitro. The downstream pathway of L1CAM was explored by western blot analysis. L1CAM expression was measured in 112 pairs of human gastric cancer and adjacent noncancerous tissues using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and the correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS L1CAM downregulation by siRNA significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer cell lines. Phosphorylated ERK levels began to decline more rapidly in L1CAM knockdown cells compared with parental cells. L1CAM overexpression was significantly correlated with local tumor cell growth (P = 0.041), distant metastasis (P = 0.047), and tumor stage (P = 0.031). The overall survival in patients with high L1CAM expression was significantly shorter than that of patients with low L1CAM expression (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS L1CAM overexpression may be a critical prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer, and was strongly associated with tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion through the ERK pathway. L1CAM might be an attractive therapeutic molecular target for the treatment of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Weinspach D, Seubert B, Schaten S, Honert K, Sebens S, Altevogt P, Krüger A. Role of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) in the metastatic cascade: promotion of dissemination, colonization, and metastatic growth. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 31:87-100. [PMID: 24002299 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is frequently increased in cancer patients compared to healthy individuals and also linked with bad prognosis of solid tumours. Previously, we could show that full-length L1CAM promotes metastasis formation via up-regulation of gelatinolytic activity in fibrosarcoma. In this study, we aimed to extend this finding to haematogenous malignancies and carcinomas, and to specifically elucidate the impact of L1CAM on major steps of the metastatic cascade. In a well-established T-cell lymphoma spontaneous metastasis model, silencing of L1CAM significantly improved survival of the mice, while intradermal tumour growth remained unaltered. This correlated with significantly decreased spontaneous metastasis formation. L1CAM suppression abrogated the metastatic potential of T-cell lymphoma as well as carcinoma cells as demonstrated by reduced migration and invasion in vitro and reduced formation of experimental metastasis in vivo. At the molecular level, silencing of L1CAM led to reduced expression of gelatinases MMP-2 and -9 in vitro and decreased gelatinolytic activity in primary tumours and metastases in vivo. In accordance, knock down of L1CAM had similar suppressive effects on migration, invasion and in vivo-gelatinolytic activity as treatment with the specific gelatinase inhibitor SB-3CT. This newly discovered impact of L1CAM on distinct steps of the metastatic cascade and MMP activity highlights the potential of possible L1CAM-directed therapies to inhibit metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Weinspach
- Institute for Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Zeimet AG, Reimer D, Huszar M, Winterhoff B, Puistola U, Abdel Azim S, Müller-Holzner E, Ben-Arie A, van Kempen LC, Petru E, Jahn S, Geels YP, Massuger LF, Amant F, Polterauer S, Lappi-Blanco E, Bulten J, Meuter A, Tanouye S, Oppelt P, Stroh-Weigert M, Reinthaller A, Mariani A, Hackl W, Netzer M, Schirmer U, Vergote I, Altevogt P, Marth C, Fogel M. L1CAM in Early-Stage Type I Endometrial Cancer: Results of a Large Multicenter Evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 105:1142-50. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Salnikov AV, Bretz NP, Perne C, Hazin J, Keller S, Fogel M, Herr I, Schlange T, Moldenhauer G, Altevogt P. Antibody targeting of CD24 efficiently retards growth and influences cytokine milieu in experimental carcinomas. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1449-59. [PMID: 23511563 PMCID: PMC3629417 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The targeting of cancer stem cells by monoclonal antibodies offers new options for therapy. CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein with a small protein core and a high level of glycosylation. It is overexpressed in many human carcinomas and is correlated with poor prognosis. CD24 is a marker for pancreatic and ovarian cancer stem cells, whereas breast cancer stem cells are negative for CD24. In cancer cell lines, changes of CD24 expression can alter cellular properties in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. We have shown before that monotherapy with monoclonal antibody (mAb) SWA11 to CD24 effectively retarded tumour growth in xenotransplanted mice. Methods: Here, we have investigated in more detail the molecular mechanisms of mAb SWA11 therapeutic effects in A549 lung and SKOV3ip ovarian carcinoma models in scid/beige and CD1 mice, respectively. We focused on anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic and microenvironmental effects of SWA11 mAb treatment. Results: We find that CD24 targeting is associated with changes in tumour cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The treatment lead to increased infiltration of tumour tissues with immune cells suggesting involvement of ADCC. We found that SWA11 mAb treatment strongly altered the intratumoural cytokine microenvironment. The addition of SWA11 mAb to gemcitabine treatment strongly potentiated its anti-cancer efficacy in A549 lung cancer model. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that targeting of CD24 could be beneficial for the anti-cancer treatment combined with standard chemotherapy regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Salnikov
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhao WJ, Schachner M. Neuregulin 1 enhances cell adhesion molecule l1 expression in human glioma cells and promotes their migration as a function of malignancy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 72:244-55. [PMID: 23399902 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182863dc5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar functions of L1, a cell adhesion molecule, and the cytokine neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) have been suggested in tumorigenesis and the promotion of metastasis. We studied the relationships of Nrg1 and L1 expression in human gliomas. Using immunofluorescence staining on a human glioma tissue microarray, we found a positive correlation between levels of L1 and Nrg1α or Nrg1β expression; expression tended to increase with increasing WHO (World Health Organization) tumor grade. L1 was also found to colocalize with either Nrg1 isoform. In cultures of U87-MG human glioblastoma and human U251 and SHG-44 glioma cells, the base levels of full-length L1 expression were increased by the 2 Nrg1 molecules in the nanomolar range, and Nrg1 siRNA downregulated full-length L1 expression in these tumor cell lines. U87-MG cells treated with either Nrg1 isoform also showed enhanced migration when compared with that treated with vehicle control. In addition, administration of either lapatinib (a dual inhibitor of both the epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB-2) or erlotinib (an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor) in combination with either Nrg1α or Nrg1β inhibited the L1 expression elicited by these cytokines in U87-MG cells. Together, our data suggest that Nrg1 regulates L1 expression in gliomas, and that Nrg1 may contribute to malignancy by upregulating the L1 expression in glioblastoma cells, thereby enhancing their migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Loers G, Pan HC, Gouveia R, Zhao WJ, Shen YQ, Kleene R, Costa J, Schachner M. Antibody fragments directed against different portions of the human neural cell adhesion molecule L1 act as inhibitors or activators of L1 function. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52404. [PMID: 23272240 PMCID: PMC3525558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 plays important roles in neuronal migration and survival, neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis. L1 has also been found in tumors of different origins, with levels of L1 expression correlating positively with the metastatic potential of tumors. To select antibodies targeting the varied functions of L1, we screened the Tomlinson library of recombinant human antibody fragments to identify antibodies binding to recombinant human L1 protein comprising the entire extracellular domain of human L1. We obtained four L1 binding single-chain variable fragment antibodies (scFvs), named I4, I6, I13, and I27 and showed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that scFvs I4 and I6 have high affinity to the immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains 1-4 of L1, while scFvs I13 and I27 bind strongly to the fibronectin type III homologous (Fn) domains 1-3 of L1. Application of scFvs I4 and I6 to human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells reduced proliferation and transmigration of these cells. Treatment of SK-N-SH cells with scFvs I13 and I27 enhanced cell proliferation and migration, neurite outgrowth, and protected against the toxic effects of H(2)O(2) by increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. In addition, scFvs I4 and I6 inhibited and scFvs I13 and I27 promoted phosphorylation of src and Erk. Our findings indicate that scFvs reacting with the immunoglobulin-like domains 1-4 inhibit L1 functions, whereas scFvs interacting with the fibronectin type III domains 1-3 trigger L1 functions of cultured neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hong-Chao Pan
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ricardo Gouveia
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qin Shen
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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Bretz NP, Salnikov AV, Perne C, Keller S, Wang X, Mierke CT, Fogel M, Erbe-Hofmann N, Schlange T, Moldenhauer G, Altevogt P. CD24 controls Src/STAT3 activity in human tumors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3863-79. [PMID: 22760497 PMCID: PMC11114558 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD24 is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein that is frequently over-expressed in a variety of human carcinomas and is correlated with poor prognosis. In cancer cell lines, changes of CD24 expression can alter several cellular properties in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. However, little is known about how CD24 mediates these effects. Here we have analyzed the functional consequences of CD24 knock-down or over-expression in human cancer cell lines. Depletion of CD24 reduced cell proliferation and adhesion, enhanced apoptosis, and regulated the expression of various genes some of which were identified as STAT3 target genes. Loss of CD24 reduced STAT3 and FAK phosphorylation. Diminished STAT3 activity was confirmed by specific reporter assays. We found that reduced STAT3 activity after CD24 knock-down was accompanied by altered Src phosphorylation. Silencing of Src, similar to CD24, targeted the expression of prototype STAT3-regulated genes. Likewise, the over-expression of CD24 augmented Src-Y416 phosphorylation, the recruitment of Src into lipid rafts and the expression of STAT3-dependent target genes. An antibody to CD24 was effective in reducing tumor growth of A549 lung cancer and BxPC3 pancreatic cancer xenografts in mice. Antibody treatment affected the level of Src-phosphorylation in the tumor and altered the expression of STAT3 target genes. Our results provide evidence that CD24 regulates STAT3 and FAK activity and suggest an important role of Src in this process. Finally, the targeting of CD24 by antibodies could represent a novel route for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko P. Bretz
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexei V. Salnikov
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Perne
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Keller
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia T. Mierke
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mina Fogel
- Department of Pathology, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Natalie Erbe-Hofmann
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Moldenhauer
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Tumor Immunology Programme, D015, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Influence of L1-CAM expression of breast cancer cells on adhesion to endothelial cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 139:107-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lee ES, Jeong MS, Singh R, Jung J, Yoon H, Min JK, Kim KH, Hong HJ. A chimeric antibody to L1 cell adhesion molecule shows therapeutic effect in an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma model. Exp Mol Med 2012; 44:293-302. [PMID: 22248567 PMCID: PMC3349911 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.4.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), a malignant tumor derived from the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium, has a poor prognosis and is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new effective therapeutic strategies for this disease. We previously found that L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) plays an important role in tumor progression of ICC, and we generated a murine mAb, A10-A3 (IgG1), that binds to the Ig1 domain of L1CAM. In the present study, we further characterized A10-A3, constructed a chimeric A10-A3 antibody (cA10-A3) containing the constant regions of human IgG1, and evaluated the therapeutic potential in a human ICC xenograft nude mice model. The affinities (KD) of A10-A3 and cA10-A3 for soluble L1CAM were 1.8 nM and 1.9 nM, respectively, as determined by competition ELISA. A10-A3 inhibited L1CAM homophilic binding and was slowly internalized into the tumor cells, but it did not significantly inhibit proliferation of ICC cells in vitro. cA10-A3 mediated antibody- dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and displayed anti-tumor activity in the ICC animal model. These results suggest that the humanized A10-A3 antibody may have potential as an anticancer agent for the treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung Suk Lee
- Department of Systems Immunology and Institute of Antibody Research, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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Identification of differentially expressed genes according to chemosensitivity in advanced ovarian serous adenocarcinomas: expression of GRIA2 predicts better survival. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:91-9. [PMID: 22644307 PMCID: PMC3389416 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to identify genes that are differentially expressed in chemosensitive serous papillary ovarian carcinomas relative to those expressed in chemoresistant tumours. Methods: To identify novel candidate biomarkers, differences in gene expression were analysed in 26 stage IIIC/IV serous ovarian adenocarcinomas (12 chemosensitive tumours and 14 chemoresistant tumours). We subsequently investigated the immunohistochemical expression of GRIA2 in 48 independent sets of advanced ovarian serous carcinomas. Results: Microarray analysis revealed a total of 57 genes that were differentially expressed in chemoresistant and chemosensitive tumours. Of the 57 genes, 39 genes were upregulated and 18 genes were downregulated in chemosensitive tumours. Five differentially expressed genes (CD36, LIFR, CHL1, GRIA2, and FCGBP) were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of GRIA2 was validated at the protein level by immunohistochemistry, and patients with GRIA2 expression showed a longer progression-free and overall survival (P=0.051 and P=0.031 respectively). Conclusions: We found 57 differentially expressed genes to distinguish between chemosensitive and chemoresistant tumours. We also demonstrated that the expression of GRIA2 among the differentially expressed genes provides better prognosis of patients with advanced serous papillary ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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Schäfer H, Dieckmann C, Korniienko O, Moldenhauer G, Kiefel H, Salnikov A, Krüger A, Altevogt P, Sebens S. Combined treatment of L1CAM antibodies and cytostatic drugs improve the therapeutic response of pancreatic and ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2011; 319:66-82. [PMID: 22210381 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion molecule L1CAM (CD171) accounts for enhanced motility, invasiveness and chemoresistance of tumor cells and represents a novel marker for various tumor entities including pancreatic and ovarian carcinoma. Recently, we showed that L1CAM inhibition increases the apoptotic response of tumor cells towards cytostatic drugs pointing to the potential of L1CAM to serve as a chemosensitizer in anti-cancer therapy. Thus, the present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of combined treatment with L1CAM antibodies and chemotherapeutic drugs in pancreatic and ovarian carcinoma model systems in vivo. Two L1CAM-specific antibodies (L1-14.10 and L1-9.3/2a) exhibiting high binding affinity to the L1CAM expressing pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line Colo357 and the ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV3ip were used for treatment. The combined therapy of SCID mice with either L1CAM antibody and gemcitabine and paclitaxel, respectively, reduced the growth of subcutaneously grown Colo357 or SKOV3ip tumors more efficiently than treatment with the cytostatic drug alone or in combination with control IgG. This was accompanied by an increased number of apoptotic tumor cells along with an elevated procaspase-8 expression. Furthermore, a lowered activation of NF-κB along with a reduced expression of VEGF and a diminished number of CD31-positive blood vessels were observed in tumors after combined therapy compared to control treatments, while the infiltration of F4/80-positive macrophages increased. Overall, these data provide new insights into the mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of L1CAM-blocking antibodies in vivo and support the suitability of L1CAM as a target for chemosensitization and of L1CAM-interfering antibodies as an appropriate tool to increase the therapeutic response of pancreatic and ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Schäfer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Schäfer H, Geismann C, Heneweer C, Egberts JH, Korniienko O, Kiefel H, Moldenhauer G, Bachem MG, Kalthoff H, Altevogt P, Sebens S. Myofibroblast-induced tumorigenicity of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells is L1CAM dependent. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:84-93. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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