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Zhang J, Su J, Zhou Y, Lu J. Evaluating the efficacy and safety of trebananib in treating ovarian cancer and non-ovarian cancer patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:881-891. [PMID: 38970210 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2377793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to its anti-angiogenic properties, trebananib is frequently employed in the treatment of cancer patients, particularly those with ovarian cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety profile of trebananib in combination with other drugs for treating both ovarian and non-ovarian cancer patients. METHODS Our search encompassed PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, and Embase databases, with a focus on evaluating study quality. Data extraction was conducted from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and RevMan 5.3 facilitated result analysis. RESULTS Combining trebananib with other drugs extended progression-free survival (PFS) [HR 0.81, (95%CI: 0.65, 0.99), p = 0.04] and overall survival (OS) [HR 0.88, (95%CI: 0.79, 1.00), p = 0.04] in ovarian cancer patients. Ovarian cancer patients exhibited a higher objective response rate (ORR) with trebananib compared to non-ovarian cancer cohorts. Moreover, the incorporation of trebananib into the standard treatment regimen for malignant tumors did not significantly elevate drug-related adverse events [RR 1.05, (95% CI: 1.00, 1.11), p = 0.05]. CONCLUSION Trebananib plus other drugs can improve the PFS, OS and ORR in patients with cancer, especially ovarian cancer. Our recommendation is to use trebananib plus other drugs to treat advanced cancer, and to continuously monitor and manage drug-related adverse events. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (No. CRD42023466988).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyang Su
- Department of General internal medicine, Tongde Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeyue Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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2
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Yang F, Lee G, Fan Y. Navigating tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic perspectives and myeloid cell regulation mechanism. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:333-349. [PMID: 38580870 PMCID: PMC11303583 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Sustained angiogenesis stands as a hallmark of cancer. The intricate vascular tumor microenvironment fuels cancer progression and metastasis, fosters therapy resistance, and facilitates immune evasion. Therapeutic strategies targeting tumor vasculature have emerged as transformative for cancer treatment, encompassing anti-angiogenesis, vessel normalization, and endothelial reprogramming. Growing evidence suggests the dynamic regulation of tumor angiogenesis by infiltrating myeloid cells, such as macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and neutrophils. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is pivotal in paving the way for successful vasculature-targeted cancer treatments. Therapeutic interventions aimed to disrupt myeloid cell-mediated tumor angiogenesis may reshape tumor microenvironment and overcome tumor resistance to radio/chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Gloria Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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3
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Binder AK, Bremm F, Dörrie J, Schaft N. Non-Coding RNA in Tumor Cells and Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells-Function and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7275. [PMID: 39000381 PMCID: PMC11242727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The RNA world is wide, and besides mRNA, there is a variety of other RNA types, such as non-coding (nc)RNAs, which harbor various intracellular regulatory functions. This review focuses on small interfering (si)RNA and micro (mi)RNA, which form a complex network regulating mRNA translation and, consequently, gene expression. In fact, these RNAs are critically involved in the function and phenotype of all cells in the human body, including malignant cells. In cancer, the two main targets for therapy are dysregulated cancer cells and dysfunctional immune cells. To exploit the potential of mi- or siRNA therapeutics in cancer therapy, a profound understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of RNAs and following targeted intervention is needed to re-program cancer cells and immune cell functions in vivo. The first part focuses on the function of less well-known RNAs, including siRNA and miRNA, and presents RNA-based technologies. In the second part, the therapeutic potential of these technologies in treating cancer is discussed, with particular attention on manipulating tumor-associated immune cells, especially tumor-associated myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Katharina Binder
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (F.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Bremm
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (F.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (F.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (F.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Du Q, Dickinson A, Nakuleswaran P, Maghami S, Alagoda S, Hook AL, Ghaemmaghami AM. Targeting Macrophage Polarization for Reinstating Homeostasis following Tissue Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7278. [PMID: 39000385 PMCID: PMC11242417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration and remodeling involve many complex stages. Macrophages are critical in maintaining micro-environmental homeostasis by regulating inflammation and orchestrating wound healing. They display high plasticity in response to various stimuli, showing a spectrum of functional phenotypes that vary from M1 (pro-inflammatory) to M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages. While transient inflammation is an essential trigger for tissue healing following an injury, sustained inflammation (e.g., in foreign body response to implants, diabetes or inflammatory diseases) can hinder tissue healing and cause tissue damage. Modulating macrophage polarization has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing immune-mediated tissue regeneration and promoting better integration of implantable materials in the host. This article provides an overview of macrophages' functional properties followed by discussing different strategies for modulating macrophage polarization. Advances in the use of synthetic and natural biomaterials to fabricate immune-modulatory materials are highlighted. This reveals that the development and clinical application of more effective immunomodulatory systems targeting macrophage polarization under pathological conditions will be driven by a detailed understanding of the factors that regulate macrophage polarization and biological function in order to optimize existing methods and generate novel strategies to control cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Du
- Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Anna Dickinson
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.D.); (P.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Pruthvi Nakuleswaran
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.D.); (P.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Susan Maghami
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Savindu Alagoda
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.D.); (P.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Andrew L. Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
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5
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Li S, Sheng J, Zhang D, Qin H. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages to reverse antitumor drug resistance. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10165-10196. [PMID: 38787372 PMCID: PMC11210230 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Currently, antitumor drugs show limited clinical outcomes, mainly due to adaptive resistance. Clinical evidence has highlighted the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor response to conventional antitumor drugs. Preclinical studies show that TAMs following antitumor agent can be reprogrammed to an immunosuppressive phenotype and proangiogenic activities through different mechanisms, mediating drug resistance and poor prognosis. Potential extrinsic inhibitors targeting TAMs repolarize to an M1-like phenotype or downregulate proangiogenic function, enhancing therapeutic efficacy of anti-tumor therapy. Moreover, pharmacological modulation of macrophages that restore the immune stimulatory characteristics is useful to reshaping the tumor microenvironment, thus further limiting tumor growth. This review aims to introduce macrophage response in tumor therapy and provide a potential therapeutic combination strategy of TAM-targeting immunomodulation with conventional antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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6
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You Q, Li R, Yao J, Zhang YC, Sui X, Xiao CC, Zhang JB, Xiao JQ, Chen HT, Li H, Zhang J, Zheng J, Yang Y. Insights into lenvatinib resistance: mechanisms, potential biomarkers, and strategies to enhance sensitivity. Med Oncol 2024; 41:75. [PMID: 38381181 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Lenvatinib is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor capable of promoting apoptosis, suppressing angiogenesis, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, and modulating the immune response. In multiple cancer types, lenvatinib has presented manageable safety and is currently approved as an effective first-line therapy. However, with the gradual increase in lenvatinib application, the inevitable progression of resistance to lenvatinib is becoming more prevalent. A series of recent researches have reported the mechanisms underlying the development of lenvatinib resistance in tumor therapy, which are related to the regulation of cell death or proliferation, histological transformation, metabolism, transport processes, and epigenetics. In this review, we aim to outline recent discoveries achieved in terms of the mechanisms and potential predictive biomarkers of lenvatinib resistance as well as to summarize untapped approaches available for improving the therapeutic efficacy of lenvatinib in patients with various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang You
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Rong Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying-Cai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Surgical ICU of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Cui-Cui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jie-Bin Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jia-Qi Xiao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hai-Tian Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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7
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Cao L, Meng X, Zhang Z, Liu Z, He Y. Macrophage heterogeneity and its interactions with stromal cells in tumour microenvironment. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:16. [PMID: 38303024 PMCID: PMC10832170 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and tumour stroma cells account for the main cellular components in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Current advancements in single-cell analysis have revolutionized our understanding of macrophage diversity and macrophage-stroma interactions. Accordingly, this review describes new insight into tumour-associated macrophage (TAM) heterogeneity in terms of tumour type, phenotype, metabolism, and spatial distribution and presents the association between these factors and TAM functional states. Meanwhile, we focus on the immunomodulatory feature of TAMs and highlight the tumour-promoting effect of macrophage-tumour stroma interactions in the immunosuppressive TME. Finally, we summarize recent studies investigating macrophage-targeted therapy and discuss their therapeutic potential in improving immunotherapy by alleviating immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Cao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Meng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhonglong Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yue He
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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8
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He C, Guo Z, Zhang H, Yang G, Gao J, Mo Z. Identification and validation of methylation-CpG prognostic signature for prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1733-1749. [PMID: 38244582 PMCID: PMC10866447 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic biomarkers help predict the prognosis of cancer patients and evaluating the clinical outcome of immunization therapy. In this study, we present a personalized gene methylation-CpG signature to enhance the accuracy of survival prediction for individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Utilizing RNA sequencing and methylation datasets from GEO as well as TCGA, we conducted single sample GSEA (ssGSEA), WGCNA, as well as Cox regression. Through these analyses, we identified 175 oxidative stress and immune-related genes along with 4 CpG loci that are associated with the prognosis of HCC. Subsequently, we constructed a prognostic signature for HCC utilizing these 4 CpG sites, referred to as the HCC Prognostic Signature of Methylation-CpG sites (HPSM). Further investigation revealed an enrichment of immune-related signal pathways in the HPSM-low group, which demonstrated a positive correlation with better survival among HCC patients. Moreover, the methylation of the CpG sites in HPSM was found to be closely linked to drug sensitivity. In vitro experiments tentatively confirmed that promoter methylation regulated the expression of BMPER, one of the CpG sites within HPSM. The expression of BMPER was significantly correlated with cell death in the oxidative stress pathway, and overexpression of BMPER effectively inhibited HCC cell proliferation. Consequently, our findings suggest that HPSM is an independent predictive factor and holds promise for accurately predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei He
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
- Chandi Precision Medical Technology, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zehao Guo
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Ganqing Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Jintao Gao
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhijing Mo
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
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9
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Li J, Xu P, Chen S. Research progress on mitochondria regulating tumor immunity. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024; 53:1-14. [PMID: 38229501 PMCID: PMC10945498 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cells adapt their metabolism to meet the demands for energy and biosynthesis. Mitochondria, pivotal organelles in the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression significantly through various dysfunctions in both tumor and immune cells. Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic signaling pathways exert crucial regulatory influence on the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of immune cells. The tumor microenvironment orchestrates the activation and functionality of tumor-infiltrating immune cells by reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism and inducing shifts in mitochondrial dynamics, thereby facilitating the establishment of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Stress-induced leakage of mitochondrial DNA contributes multifaceted regulatory effects on anti-tumor immune responses and the immunosuppressive microenvironment by activating multiple natural immune signals, including cGAS-STING, TLR9, and NLRP3. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA-mediated immunogenic cell death emerges as a promising avenue for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Additionally, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, a crucial factor in tumorigenesis, drives the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment by changing the composition of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the intrinsic relationship between mitochondrial biology and anti-tumor immune responses from multiple angles. We explore the core role of mitochondria in the dynamic interplay between the tumor and the host to facilitate the development of targeted mitochondrial strategies for anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Pinglong Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Institute of Intelligent Medicine, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shasha Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Patel AS, Ludwinski FE, Mondragon A, Nuthall K, Saha P, Lyons O, Squadrito ML, Siow R, De Palma M, Smith A, Modarai B. HTATIP2 regulates arteriogenic activity in monocytes from patients with limb ischemia. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e131419. [PMID: 37847559 PMCID: PMC10807724 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of autologous cells isolated from elderly patients with multiple comorbidities may account for the modest efficacy of cell therapy in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). We aimed to determine whether proarteriogenic monocyte/macrophages (Mo/MΦs) from patients with CLTI were functionally impaired and to demonstrate the mechanisms related to any impairment. Proarteriogenic Mo/MΦs isolated from patients with CLTI were found to have an impaired capacity to promote neovascularization in vitro and in vivo compared with those isolated from healthy controls. This was associated with increased expression of human HIV-1 TAT interactive protein-2 (HTATIP2), a transcription factor known to suppress angiogenesis/arteriogenesis. Silencing HTATIP2 restored the functional capacity of CLTI Mo/MΦs, which was associated with increased expression of arteriogenic regulators Neuropilin-1 and Angiopoietin-1, and their ability to enhance angiogenic (endothelial tubule formation) and arteriogenic (smooth muscle proliferation) processes in vitro. In support of the translational relevance of our findings, silencing HTATIP2 in proarteriogenic Mo/MΦs isolated from patients with CLTI rescued their capacity to enhance limb perfusion in the ischemic hindlimb by effecting greater angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Ex vivo modulation of HTATIP2 may offer a strategy for rescuing the functional impairment of pro-angio/arteriogenic Mo/MΦs prior to autologous delivery and increase the likelihood of clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish S. Patel
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, South Bank Section, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca E. Ludwinski
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, South Bank Section, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Angeles Mondragon
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, South Bank Section, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Nuthall
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, South Bank Section, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash Saha
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, South Bank Section, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Lyons
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, South Bank Section, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Leonardo Squadrito
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Siow
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, South Bank Section, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Smith
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, South Bank Section, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bijan Modarai
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, South Bank Section, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, United Kingdom
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11
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Blanc-Durand F, Clemence Wei Xian L, Tan DSP. Targeting the immune microenvironment for ovarian cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1328651. [PMID: 38164130 PMCID: PMC10757966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1328651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a breakthrough in cancer therapy by reactivating the antitumor immune response suppressed by tumor cells. However, in the case of OC, these inhibitors have failed to demonstrate significant improvements in patient outcomes, and existing biomarkers have not yet identified promising subgroups. Consequently, there remains a pressing need to understand the interplay between OC tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment to develop effective immunotherapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide an overview of the OC TME and explore its potential as a therapeutic strategy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are major actors in OC TME. Evidence has been accumulating regarding the spontaneous TILS response against OC antigens. Activated T-helpers secrete a wide range of inflammatory cytokines with a supportive action on cytotoxic T-cells. Simultaneously, mature B-cells are recruited and play a significant antitumor role through opsonization of target antigens and T-cell recruitment. Macrophages also form an important subset of innate immunity (M1-macrophages) while participating in the immune-stimulation context. Finally, OC has shown to engage a significant natural-killer-cells immune response, exerting direct cytotoxicity without prior sensitization. Despite this initial cytotoxicity, OC cells develop various strategies to induce an immune-tolerant state. To this end, multiple immunosuppressive molecules are secreted to impair cytotoxic cells, recruit regulatory cells, alter antigen presentation, and effectively evade immune response. Consequently, OC TME is predominantly infiltrated by immunosuppressive cells such as FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells, M2-polarized macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Despite this strong immunosuppressive state, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have failed to improve outcomes. Beyond PD-1/PD-L1, OC expresses multiple other immune checkpoints that contribute to immune evasion, and each representing potential immune targets. Novel immunotherapies are attempting to overcome the immunosuppressive state and induce specific immune responses using antibodies adoptive cell therapy or vaccines. Overall, the OC TME presents both opportunities and obstacles. Immunotherapeutic approaches continue to show promise, and next-generation inhibitors offer exciting opportunities. However, tailoring therapies to individual immune characteristics will be critical for the success of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Blanc-Durand
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Cancer Science Institute (CSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lai Clemence Wei Xian
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Cancer Science Institute (CSI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David S. P. Tan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR) and Cancer Science Institute (CSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Xu Y, Tan S, Huang W, Wang YX. Construction of monocyte-related prognosis model based on comprehensive analysis of bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36548. [PMID: 38115318 PMCID: PMC10727554 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a common subtype of ovarian cancer with high mortality. Finding a new biomarker is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of HGSOC. The scRNA and bulk RNA data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. The monocyte-related clusters were identified and annotated by Seruat and SingleR package. The Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the prognosis. The differentially expressed genes were determined by limma. The single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used for the enrichment function. The correlation between drug activity and gene expression was assessed by rcellminer and rcellminer Data package. We identified 9 cell types and obtained 37 differentially expressed marker genes of monocyte. A2M, CD163, and FPR1 were screened out as hub genes and used to construct risk model in HGSOC through univariate and multivariate cox analysis. Single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed risk score was related to B cell and T cell signal pathways, and further analysis showed most immune checkpoint genes expressions were upregulated in high-risk score group. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis exhibited that hub gene related genes were involved in signal receptor binding and cytokine-cytokine interaction. Low A2M expression and high expression of CD163 and FPR1 were associated with poor prognosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that A2M promoted tumor development through enhancing immune cell related signal pathways, while CD163 and FPR1 inhibited tumor development through activated carcinogenic signal pathways. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed that these hub genes could be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of HGSOC. We constructed a risk model for the overall survival and explored the potential mechanism of monocyte in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- Gynecological Ward, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shu Tan
- Gynecological Ward, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Gynecological Ward, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yao-Xian Wang
- Gynecological Ward, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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13
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Qian C, Liu C, Liu W, Zhou R, Zhao L. Targeting vascular normalization: a promising strategy to improve immune-vascular crosstalk in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291530. [PMID: 38193080 PMCID: PMC10773740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are a key target for cancer therapy. Compared with the healthy vasculature, tumor blood vessels are extremely immature, highly permeable, and deficient in pericytes. The aberrantly vascularized tumor microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia, low pH, high interstitial pressure, and immunosuppression. The efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is affected by abnormal blood vessels. Some anti-angiogenic drugs show vascular normalization effects in addition to targeting angiogenesis. Reversing the abnormal state of blood vessels creates a normal microenvironment, essential for various cancer treatments, specifically immunotherapy. In addition, immune cells and molecules are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Therefore, combining vascular normalization with immunotherapy may increase the efficacy of immunotherapy and reduce the risk of adverse reactions. In this review, we discussed the structure, function, and formation of abnormal vessels. In addition, we elaborated on the role of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the formation of abnormal vessels. Finally, we described the clinical challenges associated with the combination of immunotherapy with vascular normalization, and highlighted future research directions in this therapeutic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Qin R, Ren W, Ya G, Wang B, He J, Ren S, Jiang L, Zhao S. Role of chemokines in the crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1359-1373. [PMID: 36173487 PMCID: PMC10460746 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a dynamic network of non-tumoral stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), B and T cells. In the TME, TAMs support tumor initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis by promoting angiogenesis and immunosuppression of the tumor cells. There is close crosstalk between TAMs and tumor cells. Notably, chemokines are a significant messenger mediating the crosstalk between tumor cells and TAMs. TAMs can promote tumor progression via secretion of chemokines. Various chemokines secreted by tumors are involved in the generation and polarization of TAMs, the infiltration of TAMs in tumors, and the development of TAMs' suppressive function. This paper reviews CCL2-CCR2, CCL3/5-CCR5, CCL15-CCR1, CCL18-CCR8, CX3CL1/CCL26-CX3CR1, CXCL8-CXCR1/2, CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling pathways, their role in the recruitment, polarization and exertion of TAMs, and their correlation with tumor development, metastasis and prognosis. Furthermore, we present the current research progress on modulating the effects of TAMs with chemokine antagonists and discuss the prospects and potential challenges of using chemokine antagonists as therapeutic tools for cancer treatment. The TAMs targeting by chemokine receptor antagonists in combination with chemotherapy drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors or radiotherapy appears to be a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weihong Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Guoqi Ya
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bei Wang
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiao He
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaoxin Ren
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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15
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Medrano-Bosch M, Simón-Codina B, Jiménez W, Edelman ER, Melgar-Lesmes P. Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vascular and tissue remodeling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196033. [PMID: 37483594 PMCID: PMC10360188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are circulating leukocytes of innate immunity derived from the bone marrow that interact with endothelial cells under physiological or pathophysiological conditions to orchestrate inflammation, angiogenesis, or tissue remodeling. Monocytes are attracted by chemokines and specific receptors to precise areas in vessels or tissues and transdifferentiate into macrophages with tissue damage or infection. Adherent monocytes and infiltrated monocyte-derived macrophages locally release a myriad of cytokines, vasoactive agents, matrix metalloproteinases, and growth factors to induce vascular and tissue remodeling or for propagation of inflammatory responses. Infiltrated macrophages cooperate with tissue-resident macrophages during all the phases of tissue injury, repair, and regeneration. Substances released by infiltrated and resident macrophages serve not only to coordinate vessel and tissue growth but cellular interactions as well by attracting more circulating monocytes (e.g. MCP-1) and stimulating nearby endothelial cells (e.g. TNF-α) to expose monocyte adhesion molecules. Prolonged tissue accumulation and activation of infiltrated monocytes may result in alterations in extracellular matrix turnover, tissue functions, and vascular leakage. In this review, we highlight the link between interactions of infiltrating monocytes and endothelial cells to regulate vascular and tissue remodeling with a special focus on how these interactions contribute to pathophysiological conditions such as cardiovascular and chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Medrano-Bosch
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Simón-Codina
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elazer R. Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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16
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Sung S, Steele LA, Risser GE, Spiller KL. Biomaterial-Assisted Macrophage Cell Therapy for Regenerative Medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023:114979. [PMID: 37394101 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Although most tissue types are capable of some form of self-repair and regeneration, injuries that are larger than a critical threshold or those occurring in the setting of certain diseases can lead to impaired healing and ultimately loss of structure and function. The immune system plays an important role in tissue repair and must be considered in the design of therapies in regenerative medicine. In particular, macrophage cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy that leverages the reparative roles of these cells. Macrophages are critical for successful tissue repair and accomplish diverse functions throughout all phases of the process by dramatically shifting in phenotypes in response to microenvironmental cues. Depending on their response to various stimuli, they may release growth factors, support angiogenesis, and facilitate extracellular matrix remodeling. However, this ability to rapidly shift phenotype is also problematic for macrophage cell therapy strategies, because adoptively transferred macrophages fail to maintain therapeutic phenotypes following their administration to sites of injury or inflammation. Biomaterials are a potential way to control macrophage phenotype in situ while also enhancing their retention at sites of injury. Cell delivery systems incorporated with appropriately designed immunomodulatory signals have potential to achieve tissue regeneration in intractable injuries where traditional therapies have failed. Here we explorecurrent challenges in macrophage cell therapy, especially retention and phenotype control, how biomaterials may overcome them, and opportunities for next generation strategies. Biomaterials will be an essential tool to advance macrophage cell therapy for widespread clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Steele
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory E Risser
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Park HR, Shiva A, Cummings P, Kim S, Kim S, Lee E, Leong A, Chowdhury S, Shawber C, Carvajal R, Thurston G, An JY, Lund AW, Yang HW, Kim M. Angiopoietin-2-Dependent Spatial Vascular Destabilization Promotes T-cell Exclusion and Limits Immunotherapy in Melanoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1968-1983. [PMID: 37093870 PMCID: PMC10267677 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
T-cell position in the tumor microenvironment determines the probability of target encounter and tumor killing. CD8+ T-cell exclusion from the tumor parenchyma is associated with poor response to immunotherapy, and yet the biology that underpins this distinct pattern remains unclear. Here we show that the vascular destabilizing factor angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) causes compromised vascular integrity in the tumor periphery, leading to impaired T-cell infiltration to the tumor core. The spatial regulation of ANGPT2 in whole tumor cross-sections was analyzed in conjunction with T-cell distribution, vascular integrity, and response to immunotherapy in syngeneic murine melanoma models. T-cell exclusion was associated with ANGPT2 upregulation and elevated vascular leakage at the periphery of human and murine melanomas. Both pharmacologic and genetic blockade of ANGPT2 promoted CD8+ T-cell infiltration into the tumor core, exerting antitumor effects. Importantly, the reversal of T-cell exclusion following ANGPT2 blockade not only enhanced response to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy in immunogenic, therapy-responsive mouse melanomas, but it also rendered nonresponsive tumors susceptible to immunotherapy. Therapeutic response after ANGPT2 blockade, driven by improved CD8+ T-cell infiltration to the tumor core, coincided with spatial TIE2 signaling activation and increased vascular integrity at the tumor periphery where endothelial expression of adhesion molecules was reduced. These data highlight ANGPT2/TIE2 signaling as a key mediator of T-cell exclusion and a promising target to potentiate immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE ANGPT2 limits the efficacy of immunotherapy by inducing vascular destabilization at the tumor periphery to promote T-cell exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Ram Park
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Anahita Shiva
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Portia Cummings
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Eunhyeong Lee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alessandra Leong
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Subrata Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Carrie Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard Carvajal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Joon-Yong An
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Amanda W. Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Hee Won Yang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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18
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Ebeling S, Kowalczyk A, Perez-Vazquez D, Mattiola I. Regulation of tumor angiogenesis by the crosstalk between innate immunity and endothelial cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1171794. [PMID: 37234993 PMCID: PMC10206118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1171794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells and immune cells are major regulators of cancer progression and prognosis. Endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis are required for providing nutrients and oxygen to the nascent tumor and infiltration of immune cells to the tumor is dependent on endothelial cell activation. Myeloid cells and innate lymphocytes have an important role in shaping the tumor microenvironment by crosstalking with cancer cells and structural cells, including endothelial cells. Innate immune cells can modulate the activation and functions of tumor endothelial cells, and, in turn, endothelial cell expression of adhesion molecules can affect immune cell extravasation. However, the mechanisms underlying this bidirectional crosstalk are not fully understood. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge on the pathways regulating the crosstalk between innate immune cells and endothelial cells during tumor progression and discuss their potential contribution to the development of novel anti-tumor therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Ebeling
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology (I-MIDI), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anita Kowalczyk
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology (I-MIDI), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diego Perez-Vazquez
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology (I-MIDI), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Mattiola
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology (I-MIDI), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Sesti F, Puliani G, Feola T, Campolo F, Sciarra F, Hasenmajer V, Lenzi A, Faggiano A, Isidori AM, Venneri MA, Giannetta E. Characterization of circulating immune cells and correlation with Tie2/Angiopoietins level in well differentiated neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors: a cross-sectional analysis. Endocrine 2023; 80:221-230. [PMID: 36509928 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immune environment represents a new, but little explored, tool for understanding neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) behavior. An immunosuppressed microenvironment is hypothesized to promote NENs progression. A missing profiling of circulating leukocyte and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) subpopulations would open new perspectives in the still limited diagnostic-therapeutic management of NENs. METHODS A cross-sectional case-control pilot study was performed recruiting 30 consecutive subjects: 15 patients naïve to treatment, with histologically proven gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and 15 healthy controls, matched for age and sex. PBMCs subpopulations were studied by flow cytometry. Soluble Tie2 (sTie2), Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS Immune cell profiling revealed a significant lower CD3-CD56+ natural killer (NK) cell count in NETs vs controls (p = 0.04). NK subset analysis showed a reduced relative count of CD56+CD16+ NK cells (p =0.002) in NETs vs controls. Patients with NET showed a higher percentage of CD14+CD16++ non-classical monocytes (p = 0.01), and a lower percentage of CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes (p = 0.04). A decrease in percentage (p = 0.004) of CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes was found in NET patients. Evaluation of cellular and serum angiopoietin pathway mediators revealed in NET patients a higher relative count of Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) (p < 0.001), and high levels of Ang-1 (p = 0.003) and Ang-2 (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Patients with GEP-NET presented an immunosuppressed environment characterized by a low count of cytotoxic NK cells, a high count of anti-inflammatory non-classical monocytes, and a low count of T-helper lymphocytes. Higher levels of TEMs and angiopoietins suggest a crosstalk between innate immunity and angiogenic pathways in NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Puliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - T Feola
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology, Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - F Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V Hasenmajer
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Faggiano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Ho WS, Mondal I, Xu B, Das O, Sun R, Chiou P, Cai X, Tahmasebinia F, McFadden E, Wu CYJ, Wu Z, Matsui W, Lim M, Meng Z, Lu RO. PP2Ac/STRN4 negatively regulates STING-type I IFN signaling in tumor-associated macrophages. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162139. [PMID: 36757811 PMCID: PMC10014107 DOI: 10.1172/jci162139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of IFN genes type I (STING-Type I) IFN signaling in myeloid cells plays a critical role in effective antitumor immune responses, but STING agonists as monotherapy have shown limited efficacy in clinical trials. The mechanisms that downregulate STING signaling are not fully understood. Here, we report that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), with its specific B regulatory subunit Striatin 4 (STRN4), negatively regulated STING-Type I IFN in macrophages. Mice with macrophage PP2A deficiency exhibited reduced tumor progression. The tumor microenvironment showed decreased immunosuppressive and increased IFN-activated macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Hippo kinase MST1/2 was required for STING activation. STING agonists induced dissociation of PP2A from MST1/2 in normal macrophages, but not in tumor conditioned macrophages. Furthermore, our data showed that STRN4 mediated PP2A binding to and dephosphorylation of Hippo kinase MST1/2, resulting in stabilization of YAP/TAZ to antagonize STING activation. In human patients with glioblastoma (GBM), YAP/TAZ was highly expressed in tumor-associated macrophages but not in nontumor macrophages. We also demonstrated that PP2A/STRN4 deficiency in macrophages reduced YAP/TAZ expression and sensitized tumor-conditioned macrophages to STING stimulation. In summary, we demonstrated that PP2A/STRN4-YAP/TAZ has, in our opinion, been an unappreciated mechanism that mediates immunosuppression in tumor-associated macrophages, and targeting the PP2A/STRN4-YAP/TAZ axis can sensitize tumors to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winson S. Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Isha Mondal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Oishika Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Raymond Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Pochin Chiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Foozhan Tahmasebinia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth McFadden
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Caren Yu-Ju Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - William Matsui
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rongze Olivia Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Tay C, Tanaka A, Sakaguchi S. Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells as targets of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:450-465. [PMID: 36917950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abundant in tumor tissues, raising a question of whether immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) can be selectively depleted or functionally attenuated to evoke effective anti-tumor immune responses by conventional T cells (Tconvs), without perturbing Treg-dependent immune homeostasis in healthy organs and causing autoimmunity. Here, we review current cancer immunotherapy strategies, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-1 and discuss their effects on TI-Tregs. We also discuss approaches that exploit differentially regulated molecules on the cell surface (e.g., CTLA-4) and intracellularly (e.g., T cell receptor signaling molecules) between TI-Tregs and Tconvs as well as their dependence on cytokines (e.g., IL-2) and metabolites (e.g., lactate). We envisage that targeting TI-Tregs could be effective as a monotherapy and/or when combined with ICB antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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22
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Hofmann I, Baum A, Hofmann MH, Trapani F, Reichel-Voda C, Ehrensperger D, Aichinger M, Ebner F, Budano N, Schweifer N, Sykora M, Depla E, Boucneau J, Gschwind A, Kraut N, Hilberg F, Künkele KP. Pharmacodynamic and Antitumor Activity of BI 836880, a Dual Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiopoietin 2 Inhibitor, Alone and Combined with Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Inhibition. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:331-342. [PMID: 36241203 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin (ANG)-2 have complementary roles in angiogenesis and promote an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. It is anticipated that the combination of VEGF and ANG2 blockade could provide superior activity to the blockade of either pathway alone and that the addition of VEGF/ANG2 inhibition to an anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody could change the tumor microenvironment to support T-cell-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. Here, we describe the pharmacologic and antitumor activity of BI 836880, a humanized bispecific nanobody comprising two single-variable domains blocking VEGF and ANG2, and an additional module for half-life extension in vivo. BI 836880 demonstrated high affinity and selectivity for human VEGF-A and ANG2, resulting in inhibition of the downstream signaling of VEGF/ANG2 and a decrease in endothelial cell proliferation and survival. In vivo, BI 836880 exhibited significant antitumor activity in all patient-derived xenograft models tested, showing significantly greater tumor growth inhibition (TGI) than bevacizumab (VEGF inhibition) and AMG386 (ANG1/2 inhibition) in a range of models. In a Lewis lung carcinoma syngeneic tumor model, the combination of PD-1 inhibition with VEGF inhibition showed superior efficacy versus the blockade of either pathway alone. TGI was further increased with the addition of ANG2 inhibition to VEGF/PD-1 blockade. VEGF/ANG2 inhibition had a strong antiangiogenic effect. Our data suggest that the blockade of VEGF and ANG2 with BI 836880 may offer improved antitumor activity versus the blockade of either pathway alone and that combining VEGF/ANG2 inhibition with PD-1 blockade can further enhance antitumor effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin (ANG)-2 play key roles in angiogenesis and have an immunosuppressive effect in the tumor microenvironment. This study shows that BI 836880, a bispecific nanobody targeting VEGF and ANG2, demonstrates substantial antitumor activity in preclinical models. Combining VEGF/ANG2 inhibition with the blockade of the PD-1 pathway can further improve antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmgard Hofmann
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Anke Baum
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Marco H Hofmann
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Francesca Trapani
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Claudia Reichel-Voda
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Diane Ehrensperger
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Martin Aichinger
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Florian Ebner
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Nicole Budano
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Norbert Schweifer
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Martina Sykora
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Erik Depla
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Joachim Boucneau
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Andreas Gschwind
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Norbert Kraut
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Frank Hilberg
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
| | - Klaus-Peter Künkele
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation (I.H., C.R.-V., M.S.), Cancer Pharmacology and Disease Positioning (A.B., M.H.H., M.A., F.E., F.H.), Cancer Research (D.E., A.G., N.K., K.-P.K.), and Oncology Translational Sciences (F.T., N.B., N.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria; and Ablynx NV, Ghent/Zwijnaarde, Belgium (E.D., J.B.)
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23
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Tumor Vasculature as an Emerging Pharmacological Target to Promote Anti-Tumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054422. [PMID: 36901858 PMCID: PMC10002465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature abnormality creates a microenvironment that is not suitable for anti-tumor immune response and thereby induces resistance to immunotherapy. Remodeling of dysfunctional tumor blood vessels by anti-angiogenic approaches, known as vascular normalization, reshapes the tumor microenvironment toward an immune-favorable one and improves the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The tumor vasculature serves as a potential pharmacological target with the capacity of promoting an anti-tumor immune response. In this review, the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor vascular microenvironment-modulated immune reactions are summarized. In addition, the evidence of pre-clinical and clinical studies for the combined targeting of pro-angiogenic signaling and immune checkpoint molecules with therapeutic potential are highlighted. The heterogeneity of endothelial cells in tumors that regulate tissue-specific immune responses is also discussed. The crosstalk between tumor endothelial cells and immune cells in individual tissues is postulated to have a unique molecular signature and may be considered as a potential target for the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches.
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24
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Kohlhepp MS, Liu H, Tacke F, Guillot A. The contradictory roles of macrophages in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and primary liver cancer-Challenges and opportunities. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1129831. [PMID: 36845555 PMCID: PMC9950415 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1129831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases from varying etiologies generally lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Among them, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects roughly one-quarter of the world population, thus representing a major and increasing public health burden. Chronic hepatocyte injury, inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) and liver fibrosis are recognized soils for primary liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), being the third most common cause for cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advances in liver disease understanding, therapeutic options on pre-malignant and malignant stages remain limited. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify targetable liver disease-driving mechanisms for the development of novel therapeutics. Monocytes and macrophages comprise a central, yet versatile component of the inflammatory response, fueling chronic liver disease initiation and progression. Recent proteomic and transcriptomic studies performed at singular cell levels revealed a previously overlooked diversity of macrophage subpopulations and functions. Indeed, liver macrophages that encompass liver resident macrophages (also named Kupffer cells) and monocyte-derived macrophages, can acquire a variety of phenotypes depending on microenvironmental cues, and thus exert manifold and sometimes contradictory functions. Those functions range from modulating and exacerbating tissue inflammation to promoting and exaggerating tissue repair mechanisms (i.e., parenchymal regeneration, cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, fibrosis). Due to these central functions, liver macrophages represent an attractive target for the treatment of liver diseases. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted and contrary roles of macrophages in chronic liver diseases, with a particular focus on NAFLD/NASH and HCC. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches targeting liver macrophages.
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25
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Liu J, Ma X, Liu C, Cheng Y, Li B, Zhang W, Zeng R, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Hu S. Mesenchymal stem cells elicits Anti-PD1 immunotherapy by targeted delivery of CX3CL1. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136614. [PMID: 36843945 PMCID: PMC9944415 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD1/PDL1 monotherapy has failed to acquire sufficiently ideal results in most solid tumors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to exert therapeutic effects on some tumors, but the functions of MSCs in colorectal cancer (CRC) need further research. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and the improvement of sensitivity of MSCs to anti-PD1 antibodies (αPD1) in CRC and to evaluate the possible mechanism. The relative distribution of immune cells in tumor microenvironment was examined after the mice were treated with MSC and/or αPD1. Our study revealed that MSC recruits CX3CR1high macrophages and promotes M1 polarization to inhibit tumor growth via highly secretion of CX3CL1.The combination of MSC and αPD1 was superior to monotherapy against CRC. MSC inhibits PD1 expression on CD8+ T cells by facilitating M1 macrophage polarization, which promotes the proliferation of CD8+ T cells, thus improving the sensitivity to αPD1 therapy in CRC. Additionally, the above therapeutic effect disappeared after inhibiting the secretion of CX3CL1 in MSC. Our MSC-based immunotherapeutic strategy simultaneously recruited and activated immune effector cells at the tumor site, suggesting that the combination of MSC and αPD1 could be a potential therapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jize Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chuxuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingjun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Runzhi Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qishuai Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China,Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Yun Zhang, ; Sanyuan Hu,
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Yun Zhang, ; Sanyuan Hu,
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26
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Alhaddad H, Wong W, Abou-Gharbia M, Childers W, Melenski E, Bell RL, Sari Y. Effects of a Novel Beta Lactam Compound, MC-100093, on the Expression of Glutamate Transporters/Receptors and Ethanol Drinking Behavior of Alcohol-Preferring Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 383:208-216. [PMID: 36153003 PMCID: PMC9667983 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic ethanol exposure affects the glutamatergic system in several brain reward regions including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Our laboratory has shown that chronic exposure to ethanol reduced the expression of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) and cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT) and, as a result, increased extracellular glutamate concentrations in the NAc of alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Moreover, previous studies from our laboratory reported that chronic ethanol intake altered the expression of certain metabotropic glutamate receptors in the brain. In addition to central effects, chronic ethanol consumption induced liver injury, which is associated with steatohepatitis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic ethanol consumption in the brain and liver. Male P rats had access to a free choice of ethanol and water bottles for five weeks. Chronic ethanol consumption reduced GLT-1 and xCT expression in the NAc shell but not in the NAc core. Furthermore, chronic ethanol consumption increased fat droplet content as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and GLT-1 expression in the liver. Importantly, treatment with the novel beta-lactam compound, MC-100093, reduced ethanol drinking behavior and normalized the levels of GLT-1 and xCT expression in the NAc shell as well as normalized GLT-1 and PPAR-α expression in the liver. In addition, MC-100093 attenuated ethanol-induced increases in fat droplet content in the liver. These findings suggest that MC-100093 may be a potential lead compound to attenuate ethanol-induced dysfunction in the glutamatergic system and liver injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study identified a novel beta-lactam, MC-100093, that has demonstrated upregulatory effects on GLT-1. MC-100093 reduced ethanol drinking behavior and normalized levels of GLT-1 and xCT expression in the NAc shell as well as normalized GLT-1 and PPAR-α expression in the liver. In addition, MC-100093 attenuated ethanol-induced increases in fat droplet content in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Alhaddad
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, Ohio (H.A., W.W., Y.S.); Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A-G., W.C., E.M.); and Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (R.L.B.)
| | - Woonyen Wong
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, Ohio (H.A., W.W., Y.S.); Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A-G., W.C., E.M.); and Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (R.L.B.)
| | - Magid Abou-Gharbia
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, Ohio (H.A., W.W., Y.S.); Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A-G., W.C., E.M.); and Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (R.L.B.)
| | - Wayne Childers
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, Ohio (H.A., W.W., Y.S.); Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A-G., W.C., E.M.); and Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (R.L.B.)
| | - Edward Melenski
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, Ohio (H.A., W.W., Y.S.); Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A-G., W.C., E.M.); and Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (R.L.B.)
| | - Richard L Bell
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, Ohio (H.A., W.W., Y.S.); Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A-G., W.C., E.M.); and Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (R.L.B.)
| | - Youssef Sari
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, Ohio (H.A., W.W., Y.S.); Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.A-G., W.C., E.M.); and Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (R.L.B.)
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27
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Clinical Significance of Tie-2-Expressing Monocytes/Macrophages and Angiopoietins in the Progression of Ovarian Cancer-State-of-the-Art. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233851. [PMID: 36497114 PMCID: PMC9737633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour growth and metastasis are specific to advanced stages of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Tumour angiogenesis is an essential part of these processes. It is responsible for providing tumours with nutrients, metabolites, and cytokines and facilitates tumour and immune cell relocation. Destabilised vasculature, a distinctive feature of tumours, is also responsible for compromising drug delivery into the bulk. Angiogenesis is a complex process that largely depends on how the tumour microenvironment (TME) is composed and how a specific organ is formed. There are contrary reports on whether Tie-2-expressing monocytes/macrophages (TEMs) reported as the proangiogenic population of monocytes have any impact on tumour development. The aim of this paper is to summarise knowledge about ovarian-cancer-specific angiogenesis and the unique role of Tie-2-expressing monocytes/macrophages in this process. The significance of this cell subpopulation for the pathophysiology of EOC remains to be investigated.
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28
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Kim H, Leng K, Park J, Sorets AG, Kim S, Shostak A, Embalabala RJ, Mlouk K, Katdare KA, Rose IVL, Sturgeon SM, Neal EH, Ao Y, Wang S, Sofroniew MV, Brunger JM, McMahon DG, Schrag MS, Kampmann M, Lippmann ES. Reactive astrocytes transduce inflammation in a blood-brain barrier model through a TNF-STAT3 signaling axis and secretion of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6581. [PMID: 36323693 PMCID: PMC9630454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are critical components of the neurovascular unit that support blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Pathological transformation of astrocytes to reactive states can be protective or harmful to BBB function. Here, using a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BBB co-culture model, we show that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) transitions astrocytes to an inflammatory reactive state that causes BBB dysfunction through activation of STAT3 and increased expression of SERPINA3, which encodes alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (α1ACT). To contextualize these findings, we correlated astrocytic STAT3 activation to vascular inflammation in postmortem human tissue. Further, in murine brain organotypic cultures, astrocyte-specific silencing of Serpina3n reduced vascular inflammation after TNF challenge. Last, treatment with recombinant Serpina3n in both ex vivo explant cultures and in vivo was sufficient to induce BBB dysfunction-related molecular changes. Overall, our results define the TNF-STAT3-α1ACT signaling axis as a driver of an inflammatory reactive astrocyte signature that contributes to BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinhee Park
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander G Sorets
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suil Kim
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Kate Mlouk
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ketaki A Katdare
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Indigo V L Rose
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Sturgeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emma H Neal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Ao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shinong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew S Schrag
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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29
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Erbani J, Boon M, Akkari L. Therapy-induced shaping of the glioblastoma microenvironment: Macrophages at play. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:41-56. [PMID: 35569742 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The intricate cross-talks between tumor cells and their microenvironment play a key role in cancer progression and resistance to treatment. In recent years, targeting pro-tumorigenic components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a tantalizing strategy to improve the efficacy of standard-of-care (SOC) treatments, particularly for hard-to-treat cancers such as glioblastoma. In this review, we explore how the distinct microenvironmental niches characteristic of the glioblastoma TME shape response to therapy. In particular, we delve into the interplay between tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and glioblastoma cells within angiogenic and hypoxic niches, and interrogate their dynamic co-evolution upon SOC therapies that fuels malignancy. Resolving the complexity of therapy-induced alterations in the glioblastoma TME and their impact on disease relapse is a stepping stone to identify targetable pro-tumorigenic pathways and TAM subsets, and may open the way to efficient combination therapies that will improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Erbani
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Boon
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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30
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Kerneur C, Cano CE, Olive D. Major pathways involved in macrophage polarization in cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026954. [PMID: 36325334 PMCID: PMC9618889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in tissue homeostasis, tissue remodeling, immune response, and progression of cancer. Consequently, macrophages exhibit significant plasticity and change their transcriptional profile and function in response to environmental, tissue, and inflammatory stimuli resulting in pro- and anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, the categorization of tissue macrophages in inflammatory situations remains difficult; however, there is an agreement that macrophages are predominantly polarized into two different subtypes with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, the so-called M1-like and M2-like macrophages, respectively. These two macrophage classes can be considered as the extreme borders of a continuum of many intermediate subsets. On one end, M1 are pro-inflammatory macrophages that initiate an immunological response, damage tissue integrity, and dampen tumor progression by fostering robust T and natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumoral responses. On the other end, M2 are anti-inflammatory macrophages involved in tissue remodeling and tumor growth, that promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, tumor metastasis, angiogenesis and that participate to immune suppression. These decisive roles in tumor progression occur through the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteases, as well as by the expression of immune checkpoint receptors in the case of M2 macrophages. Moreover, macrophage plasticity is supported by stimuli from the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) that are relayed to the nucleus through membrane receptors and signaling pathways that result in gene expression reprogramming in macrophages, thus giving rise to different macrophage polarization outcomes. In this review, we will focus on the main signaling pathways involved in macrophage polarization that are activated upon ligand-receptor recognition and in the presence of other immunomodulatory molecules in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Kerneur
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Carla E. Cano
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Daniel Olive
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
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31
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Chowdhury S, Trivedi AK. Origin, production and molecular determinants of macrophages for their therapeutic targeting. Cell Biol Int 2022; 47:15-29. [PMID: 36183367 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, the most heterogeneous cells of the hematopoietic system and the giant eaters of the immune system that present either as tissue-resident cells or infiltrated immune cells, eliminate foreign pathogens and microbes and also play different physiological roles to maintain the body's immune response. In this review, we basically provide a broad overview of macrophages from their origin, functional diversity to M1-M2 polarization, specialized markers, and their role as important therapeutic targets in different diseases based on the current research and evidence. Apart from this, we have precisely discussed about tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their role in tumor progression and newly discovered lesser-known markers of TAMs that could be used as potential therapeutic targets to treat life-threatening diseases. It is really very important to understand the diversity of macrophages to develop TAM-modulating strategies to activate our own immune system against diseases and to overcome immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Chowdhury
- LSS008 Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Arun K Trivedi
- LSS008 Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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32
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Kuo CL, Ponneri Babuharisankar A, Lin YC, Lien HW, Lo YK, Chou HY, Tangeda V, Cheng LC, Cheng AN, Lee AYL. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment and cancer immunoescape: foe or friend? J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:74. [PMID: 36154922 PMCID: PMC9511749 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The major concept of "oxidative stress" is an excess elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are generated from vigorous metabolism and consumption of oxygen. The precise harmonization of oxidative stresses between mitochondria and other organelles in the cell is absolutely vital to cell survival. Under oxidative stress, ROS produced from mitochondria and are the major mediator for tumorigenesis in different aspects, such as proliferation, migration/invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immunoescape to allow cancer cells to adapt to the rigorous environment. Accordingly, the dynamic balance of oxidative stresses not only orchestrate complex cell signaling events in cancer cells but also affect other components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Immune cells, such as M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells are the major components of the immunosuppressive TME from the ROS-induced inflammation. Based on this notion, numerous strategies to mitigate oxidative stresses in tumors have been tested for cancer prevention or therapies; however, these manipulations are devised from different sources and mechanisms without established effectiveness. Herein, we integrate current progress regarding the impact of mitochondrial ROS in the TME, not only in cancer cells but also in immune cells, and discuss the combination of emerging ROS-modulating strategies with immunotherapies to achieve antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Kuo
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ananth Ponneri Babuharisankar
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.,Joint PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, NHRI & NCU, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Lien
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu Kang Lo
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Chou
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Vidhya Tangeda
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.,Joint PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, NHRI & NCU, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Cheng
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - An Ning Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yueh-Luen Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan. .,Joint PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, NHRI & NCU, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, National Central University, Zhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Prognostic Role of Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers for Predicting Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Efficacy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194647. [PMID: 36230569 PMCID: PMC9564154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Molecular biomarkers play a marginal role in clinical practice for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis, surveillance and treatment monitoring. Radiological biomarker: alpha-fetoprotein is still a lone protagonist in this field. The potential role of molecular biomarkers in the assessment of prognosis and treatment results could reduce the health costs faced by standard radiology. The majority of efforts are oriented towards early HCC detection, but the field faces an important challenge to find adequate biomarkers for advanced HCC management. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and the fourth cause of tumor-related death. Imaging biomarkers are based on computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and are widely applied in HCC diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Unfortunately, in the field of molecular biomarkers, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is still the only recognized tool for HCC surveillance in both diagnostic and follow-up purposes. Other molecular biomarkers have little roles in clinical practice regarding HCC, mainly for the detection of early-stage HCC, monitoring the response to treatments and analyzing tumor prognosis. In the last decades no important improvements have been achieved in this field and imaging biomarkers maintain the primacy in HCC diagnosis and follow-up. Despite the still inconsistent role of molecular biomarkers in surveillance and early HCC detection, they could play an outstanding role in prognosis estimation and treatment monitoring with a potential reduction in health costs faced by standard radiology. An important challenge resides in identifying sufficiently sensitive and specific biomarkers for advanced HCC for prognostic evaluation and detection of tumor progression, overcoming imaging biomarker sensitivity. The aim of this review is to analyze the current molecular and imaging biomarkers in advanced HCC.
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Luo X, Zou W, Wei Z, Yu S, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Wang A, Lu Y. Inducing vascular normalization: A promising strategy for immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109167. [PMID: 36037653 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In solid tumors, the vasculature is highly abnormal in structure and function, resulting in the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by limiting immune cells infiltration into tumors. Vascular normalization is receiving much attention as an alternative strategy to anti-angiogenic therapy, and its potential therapeutic targets include signaling pathways, angiogenesis-related genes, and metabolic pathways. Endothelial cells play an important role in the formation of blood vessel structure and function, and their metabolic processes drive blood vessel sprouting in parallel with the control of genetic signals in cancer. The feedback loop between vascular normalization and immunotherapy has been discussed extensively in many reviews. In this review, we summarize the impact of aberrant tumor vascular structure and function on drug delivery, metastasis, and anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, we present evidences for the mutual regulation of immune vasculature. Based on the importance of endothelial metabolism in controlling angiogenesis, we elucidate the crosstalk between endothelial cells and immune cells from the perspective of metabolic pathways and propose that targeting abnormal endothelial metabolism to achieve vascular normalization can be an alternative strategy for cancer treatment, which provides a new theoretical basis for future research on the combination of vascular normalization and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Suyun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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35
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Feng Y, Ye Z, Song F, He Y, Liu J. The Role of TAMs in Tumor Microenvironment and New Research Progress. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5775696. [PMID: 36004381 PMCID: PMC9395242 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5775696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important part of tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a key role in TME, participating in the process of tumor occurrence, growth, invasion, and metastasis. Among them, metastasis to tumor tissue is the key step of malignant development of tumor. In this paper, the latest progress in the role of TAMs in the formation of tumor microenvironment is summarized. It is particularly noteworthy that cell and animal experiments show that TAMs can provide a favorable microenvironment for the occurrence and development of tumors. At the same time, clinical pathological experiments show that the accumulation of TAMs in tumor is related to poor clinical efficacy. Finally, this paper discusses the feasibility of TAMs-targeted therapy as a new indirect cancer therapy. This paper provides a theoretical basis for finding a potentially effective macrophage-targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ye
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Furong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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36
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Chang FC, Liu CH, Luo AJ, Tao-Min Huang T, Tsai MH, Chen YJ, Lai CF, Chiang CK, Lin TH, Chiang WC, Chen YM, Chu TS, Lin SL. Angiopoietin-2 inhibition attenuates kidney fibrosis by hindering chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 expression and apoptosis of endothelial cells. Kidney Int 2022; 102:780-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nong C, Guan P, Li L, Zhang H, Hu H. Tumor immunotherapy: Mechanisms and clinical applications. MEDCOMM – ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mog2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Nong
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Pengbo Guan
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Li Li
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Chongqing International Institution for Immunology Chongqing China
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Increased frequency of proangiogenic tunica intima endothelial kinase 2 (Tie2) expressing monocytes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:72. [PMID: 35549955 PMCID: PMC9102255 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk for developing macrovascular disease (MVD) manifested by atherosclerosis. Phenotypically and functionally different monocyte subsets (classical; CD14++CD16−, non-classical; CD14+CD16++, and intermediate; CD14++CD16+) including pro-angiogenic monocytes expressing Tie2 (TEMs) can be identified. Here we investigated monocyte heterogeneity and its association with T2DM and MVD. Methods Individuals with (N = 51) and without (N = 56) T2DM were recruited and allocated to "non-MVD" or "with MVD" (i.e., peripheral or coronary artery disease) subgroups. Blood monocyte subsets were quantified based on CD14, CD16 and Tie2 expression levels. Plasma levels of Tie2-ligands angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 were determined using ELISA. Carotid endarterectomy samples from individuals with (N = 24) and without (N = 22) T2DM were stained for intraplaque CD68+ macrophages (inflammation) and CD34+ (angiogenesis), as plaque vulnerability markers. Results Monocyte counts were similar between individuals with T2DM and healthy controls (non-diabetic, non-MVD). Non-classical monocytes were reduced (p < 0.05) in T2DM, whereas the percentage of TEMs within the intermediate subset was increased (p < 0.05). T2DM was associated with increased angiopoietin-1 (p < 0.05) and angiopoietin-2 (p = 0.0001) levels. Angiopoietin-2 levels were higher in T2DM individuals with MVD compared with non-MVD (p < 0.01). Endarterectomized plaques showed no differences in macrophage influx and microvessel number between individuals with and without T2DM. Conclusions Monocyte subset distribution is altered in T2DM with reduced non-classical monocytes and increased TEM percentage in the intermediate monocyte subset. Increased angiopoietin-2 levels together with increased frequency of TEMs might promote plaque vulnerability in T2DM which could however not be confirmed at tissue level in advanced atherosclerotic lesions.
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Zhang Y, Brekken RA. Direct and indirect regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment by VEGF. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1269-1286. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru0222-082r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Department of Surgery UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Rolf A. Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Department of Surgery UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
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Dasgupta S, Saha A, Ganguly N, Bhuniya A, Dhar S, Guha I, Ghosh T, Sarkar A, Ghosh S, Roy K, Das T, Banerjee S, Pal C, Baral R, Bose A. NLGP regulates RGS5-TGFβ axis to promote pericyte-dependent vascular normalization during restricted tumor growth. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22268. [PMID: 35363396 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101093r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Altered RGS5-associated intracellular pericyte signaling and its abnormal crosstalk with endothelial cells (ECs) result chaotic tumor-vasculature, prevent effective drug delivery, promote immune-evasion and many more to ensure ultimate tumor progression. Moreover, the frequency of lethal-RGS5high pericytes within tumor was found to increase with disease progression, which signifies the presence of altered cell death pathway within tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we checked whether and how neem leaf glycoprotein (NLGP)-immunotherapy-mediated tumor growth restriction is associated with modification of pericytes' signaling, functions and its interaction with ECs. Analysis of pericytes isolated from tumors of NLGP treated mice suggested that NLGP treatment promotes apoptosis of NG2+ RGS5high -fuctionally altered pericytes by downregulating intra-tumoral TGFβ, along with maintenance of more matured RGS5neg pericytes. NLGP-mediated inhibition of TGFβ within TME rescues binding of RGS5 with Gαi and thereby termination of PI3K-AKT mediated survival signaling by downregulating Bcl2 and initiating pJNK mediated apoptosis. Limited availability of TGFβ also prevents complex-formation between RGS5 and Smad2 and rapid RGS5 nuclear translocation to mitigate alternate immunoregulatory functions of RGS5high tumor-pericytes. We also observed binding of Ang1 from pericytes with Tie2 on ECs in NLGP-treated tumor, which support re-association of pericytes with endothelium and subsequent vessel stabilization. Furthermore, NLGP-therapy- associated RGS5 deficiency relieved CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from anergy by regulating 'alternate-APC-like' immunomodulatory characters of tumor-pericytes. Taken together, present study described the mechanisms of NLGP's effectiveness in normalizing tumor-vasculature by chiefly modulating pericyte-biology and EC-pericyte interactions in tumor-host to further strengthen its translational potential as single modality treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayani Dasgupta
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Akata Saha
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Nilanjan Ganguly
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Avishek Bhuniya
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukanya Dhar
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Ipsita Guha
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Tithi Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Sarkar
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sarbari Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Kamalika Roy
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, India
| | - Tapasi Das
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Saptak Banerjee
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Chiranjib Pal
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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Nalio Ramos R, Missolo-Koussou Y, Gerber-Ferder Y, Bromley CP, Bugatti M, Núñez NG, Tosello Boari J, Richer W, Menger L, Denizeau J, Sedlik C, Caudana P, Kotsias F, Niborski LL, Viel S, Bohec M, Lameiras S, Baulande S, Lesage L, Nicolas A, Meseure D, Vincent-Salomon A, Reyal F, Dutertre CA, Ginhoux F, Vimeux L, Donnadieu E, Buttard B, Galon J, Zelenay S, Vermi W, Guermonprez P, Piaggio E, Helft J. Tissue-resident FOLR2 + macrophages associate with CD8 + T cell infiltration in human breast cancer. Cell 2022; 185:1189-1207.e25. [PMID: 35325594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration is a hallmark of solid cancers, and overall macrophage infiltration correlates with lower patient survival and resistance to therapy. Tumor-associated macrophages, however, are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous. Specific subsets of tumor-associated macrophage might be endowed with distinct roles on cancer progression and antitumor immunity. Here, we identify a discrete population of FOLR2+ tissue-resident macrophages in healthy mammary gland and breast cancer primary tumors. FOLR2+ macrophages localize in perivascular areas in the tumor stroma, where they interact with CD8+ T cells. FOLR2+ macrophages efficiently prime effector CD8+ T cells ex vivo. The density of FOLR2+ macrophages in tumors positively correlates with better patient survival. This study highlights specific roles for tumor-associated macrophage subsets and paves the way for subset-targeted therapeutic interventions in macrophages-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Nalio Ramos
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yoann Missolo-Koussou
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yohan Gerber-Ferder
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian P Bromley
- Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Nicolas Gonzalo Núñez
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jimena Tosello Boari
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Wilfrid Richer
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurie Menger
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jordan Denizeau
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Sedlik
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pamela Caudana
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fiorella Kotsias
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Leticia L Niborski
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Viel
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mylène Bohec
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence Platform, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Lameiras
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence Platform, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence Platform, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laëtitia Lesage
- PSL University, Institut Curie Hospital, Department of Pathology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - André Nicolas
- PSL University, Institut Curie Hospital, Department of Pathology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Didier Meseure
- PSL University, Institut Curie Hospital, Department of Pathology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- PSL University, Institut Curie Hospital, Department of Pathology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Reyal
- PSL University, Institut Curie Hospital, Department of Surgery, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Florent Ginhoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France; Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Lene Vimeux
- University of Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- University of Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Buttard
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Santiago Zelenay
- Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK
| | - William Vermi
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pierre Guermonprez
- Université de Paris, Centre for Inflammation Research, CNRS ERL8252, INSERM1149, Paris, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julie Helft
- PSL University, Institut Curie Research Center, INSERM U932 & SiRIC, Translational Immunotherapy Team, 75005 Paris, France.
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Yi M, Zheng X, Niu M, Zhu S, Ge H, Wu K. Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:28. [PMID: 35062949 PMCID: PMC8780712 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 232.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 rescue T cells from exhausted status and revive immune response against cancer cells. Based on the immense success in clinical trials, ten α-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, sintilimab, camrelizumab, toripalimab, tislelizumab, zimberelimab, prolgolimab, and dostarlimab) and three α-PD-L1 antibodies (atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab) have been approved for various types of cancers. Nevertheless, the low response rate of α-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy remains to be resolved. For most cancer patients, PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is not the sole speed-limiting factor of antitumor immunity, and it is insufficient to motivate effective antitumor immune response by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 axis. It has been validated that some combination therapies, including α-PD-1/PD-L1 plus chemotherapy, radiotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, targeted therapy, other immune checkpoint inhibitors, agonists of the co-stimulatory molecule, stimulator of interferon genes agonists, fecal microbiota transplantation, epigenetic modulators, or metabolic modulators, have superior antitumor efficacies and higher response rates. Moreover, bifunctional or bispecific antibodies containing α-PD-1/PD-L1 moiety also elicited more potent antitumor activity. These combination strategies simultaneously boost multiple processes in cancer-immunity cycle, remove immunosuppressive brakes, and orchestrate an immunosupportive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarized the synergistic antitumor efficacies and mechanisms of α-PD-1/PD-L1 in combination with other therapies. Moreover, we focused on the advances of α-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunomodulatory strategies in clinical studies. Given the heterogeneity across patients and cancer types, individualized combination selection could improve the effects of α-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunomodulatory strategies and relieve treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Hong Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
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Foglio E, Pellegrini L, Russo MA, Limana F. HMGB1-Mediated Activation of the Inflammatory-Reparative Response Following Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020216. [PMID: 35053332 PMCID: PMC8773872 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different cell types belonging to the innate and adaptive immune system play mutually non-exclusive roles during the different phases of the inflammatory-reparative response that occurs following myocardial infarction. A timely and finely regulation of their action is fundamental for the process to properly proceed. The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved nuclear protein that in the extracellular space can act as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) involved in a large variety of different processes, such as inflammation, migration, invasion, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue regeneration, has recently emerged as a possible regulator of the activity of different immune cell types in the distinct phases of the inflammatory reparative process. Moreover, by activating endogenous stem cells, inducing endothelial cells, and by modulating cardiac fibroblast activity, HMGB1 could represent a master regulator of the inflammatory and reparative responses following MI. In this review, we will provide an overview of cellular effectors involved in these processes and how HMGB1 intervenes in regulating each of them. Moreover, we will summarize HMGB1 roles in regulating other cell types that are involved in the different phases of the inflammatory-reparative response, discussing how its redox status could affect its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Foglio
- Technoscience, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma and MEBIC Consortium, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Du S, Qian J, Tan S, Li W, Liu P, Zhao J, Zeng Y, Xu L, Wang Z, Cai J. Tumor cell-derived exosomes deliver TIE2 protein to macrophages to promote angiogenesis in cervical cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 529:168-179. [PMID: 35007697 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domains 2 (TIE2)-expressing macrophages (TEMs) are an angiogenesis-promoting subset of tumor-associated macrophages that have been demonstrated to be increased in solid tumors and associated with the progression of cervical cancer. However, the induction mechanism of TEMs remains unclear. Here, based on multicolor immunofluorescence of 58 cervical cancer tissues and the GEPIA database, we found that TEMs were increased in TIE2-high cervical cancer and related to shorter survival. In vitro and in vivo experiments verified that exosomes derived from TIE2-high cervical cancer cells transferred TIE2 protein directly to macrophages, thereby inducing TEMs. Similar to primary TEMs, TEMs induced by tumor-derived exosomes promoted angiogenesis, could be induced by angiopoietin-2, and possessed an M2-like phenotype. In conclusion, exosomes derived from TIE2-high cervical cancer cells induce TEMs by directly transporting TIE2 to promote tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
| | - Jiaxian Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
| | - Shuran Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
| | - Wenhan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
| | - Ya Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
| | - Linjuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
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Johnson SA, Ormsby MJ, Wessel HM, Hulme HE, Bravo‐Blas A, McIntosh A, Mason S, Coffelt SB, Tait SW, Mowat AM, Milling SW, Blyth K, Wall DM. Monocytes mediate Salmonella Typhimurium-induced tumor growth inhibition in a mouse melanoma model. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:3228-3238. [PMID: 34633664 PMCID: PMC9214623 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of bacteria as an alternative cancer therapy has been reinvestigated in recent years. SL7207: an auxotrophic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium aroA mutant with immune-stimulatory potential has proven a promising strain for this purpose. Here, we show that systemic administration of SL7207 induces melanoma tumor growth arrest in vivo, with greater survival of the SL7207-treated group compared to control PBS-treated mice. Administration of SL7207 is accompanied by a change in the immune phenotype of the tumor-infiltrating cells toward pro-inflammatory, with expression of the TH 1 cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 significantly increased. Interestingly, Ly6C+ MHCII+ monocytes were recruited to the tumors following SL7207 treatment and were pro-inflammatory. Accordingly, the abrogation of these infiltrating monocytes using clodronate liposomes prevented SL7207-induced tumor growth inhibition. These data demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for infiltrating inflammatory monocytes underlying bacterial-mediated tumor growth inhibition. This information highlights a possible novel role for monocytes in controlling tumor growth, contributing to our understanding of the immune responses required for successful immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Síle A. Johnson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Ormsby
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Wessel
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Heather E. Hulme
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Alberto Bravo‐Blas
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne McIntosh
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Seth B. Coffelt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen W.G. Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Allan McI. Mowat
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon W.F. Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Wall
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
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Ramkumar S. Reviewing Schwannoma-Hemangioma Composite Tumors With Their Tumorigenetic Molecular Pathways and Associated Syndromic Manifestations. Cureus 2021; 13:e19839. [PMID: 34824953 PMCID: PMC8610103 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwannomas are common peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Cavernous hemangiomas are vascular tumors that can affect any organ system. The coexistence of cavernous hemangioma with peripheral nervous system neoplasms is a rare occurrence. So far, 37 cases have been documented, and they have been divided into two categories: conjoined association (neoplasms discovered within the tumor tissue) and discrete association (neoplasms discovered outside the tumor tissue, thus placing neoplasms and tumors in close proximity but in different locations). Schwannomas and neurofibromas are the most prevalent tumors linked to cavernous hemangiomas that have been documented. The author provides a comprehensive review of all such cases published in the past with an emphasis on the implications of their tumorigenetic molecular pathways and syndromic manifestations.
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D’Andrea MR, Cereda V, Coppola L, Giordano G, Remo A, De Santis E. Propensity for Early Metastatic Spread in Breast Cancer: Role of Tumor Vascularization Features and Tumor Immune Infiltrate. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235917. [PMID: 34885027 PMCID: PMC8657227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease consisting of various subtypes. It is classified into human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER-2)-enriched, luminal A, luminal B and basal-like/triple negative (TNBC) breast cancer, based on histological and molecular features. At present, clinical decision-making in breast cancer is focused only on the assessment of tumor cells; nevertheless, it has been recognized that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical biologic role in breast cancer. This is constituted by a large group of immune and non-immune cells, but also by non-cellular components, such as several cytokines. TME is deeply involved in angiogenesis, immune-evasion strategies, and propensity for early metastatic spread, impacting on prognosis and prediction of response to specific treatments. In this review, we focused our attention on the early morphological changes of tumor microenvironment (tumor vasculature features, presence of immune and non-immune cells infiltrating the stroma, levels of cytokines) during breast cancer development. At the same time, we correlate these characteristics with early metastatic propensity (defined as synchronous metastasis or early recurrence) with particular attention to breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rosario D’Andrea
- Clinical Oncology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, Civitavecchia, 00053 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittore Cereda
- Clinical Oncology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, Civitavecchia, 00053 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-07-6659-1230
| | - Luigi Coppola
- Unit of Anatomy, Pathological Histology and Diagnostic Cytology, Department of Diagnostic and Pharma-Ceutical Services, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital, ULSS9, Legnago, 37045 Verona, Italy;
| | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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48
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Costa AC, Santos JMO, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. Impact of immune cells on the hallmarks of cancer: A literature review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 168:103541. [PMID: 34801696 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are critical players in the tumor microenvironment, modulating cancer cell functions. TIICs are highly heterogenic and plastic and may either suppress cancers or provide support for tumor growth. A wide range of studies have shed light on how tumor-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, natural killer cells and lymphocytes contribute for the establishment of several hallmarks of cancer and became the basis for successful immunotherapies. Many of those TIICs play pivotal roles in several hallmarks of cancer. This review contributes to elucidate the multifaceted roles of immune cells in cancer development, highlighting molecular components that constitute promising therapeutic targets. Additional studies are needed to clarify the relation between TIICs and hallmarks such as enabling replicative immortality, evading growth suppressors, sustaining proliferative signaling, resisting cell death and genome instability and mutation, to further explore their therapeutic potential and improve the outcomes of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), and UFMA University Hospital (HUUFMA), 65080-805, São Luís, Brazil.
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal; Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer-Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177, Porto, Portugal.
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49
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Ott PA, Nazzaro M, Pfaff KL, Gjini E, Felt KD, Wolff JO, Buchbinder EI, Haq R, Sullivan RJ, Lawrence DP, McDermott DF, Severgnini M, Giobbie-Hurder A, Rodig SJ, Stephen Hodi F. Combining CTLA-4 and angiopoietin-2 blockade in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase I trial. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003318. [PMID: 34772758 PMCID: PMC8593712 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenic factors promote the growth of tumor vasculature, modulate lymphocyte trafficking into tumors, and inhibit maturation of dendritic cells. We hypothesized that MEDI3617, a human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody directed against human angiopoietin-2, in combination with tremelimumab (treme), an IgG2 monoclonal antibody blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein- (CTLA-4), is safe in patients with advanced melanoma. Methods In a phase I, 3+3 dose escalation trial, patients with metastatic or unresectable melanoma received treme in combination with MEDI3617. The primary objectives of the study were safety and determination of recommended phase II dose (RP2D). The secondary objectives included determination of 6-month and 1-year overall survival and best overall response rate. Immune cell populations and soluble factors were assessed in peripheral blood and metastatic tumors using Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), Luminex, and multiplexed immunofluorescence. Results Fifteen patients (median age: 62) were enrolled in the study (3 patients in cohort 1: treme at 10 mg/kg and MEDI3617 at 200 mg; and 12 patients in cohort 2: treme at 10 mg/kg and MEDI3617 at 600 mg). The most common all-grade treatment-related adverse events were rash, pruritus, fatigue, and extremity edema. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Cohort 2 was determined to be the RP2D. There were no patients with confirmed immune-related complete response or immune-related partial response. Six of 15 patients had immune-related stable disease, resulting in a disease control rate of 0.40 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.68). An increase in frequencies of circulating inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS)+ and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and production of Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-10 was observed post therapy. Conclusions Tremelimumab in combination with MEDI3617 is safe in patients with advanced melanoma. Angiopoietin-2 inhibition in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition warrants further exploration. Trial registration number NCT02141542.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Nazzaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen L Pfaff
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evisa Gjini
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristen D Felt
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacquelyn O Wolff
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Buchbinder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rizwan Haq
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald P Lawrence
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David F McDermott
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariano Severgnini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Bisht VS, Giri K, Kumar D, Ambatipudi K. Oxygen and metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment influences metastasis homing. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:493-512. [PMID: 34696706 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1992233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of cancer mortality, often characterized by abnormal cell growth and invasion to distant organs. The cancer invasion due to epithelial to mesenchymal transition is affected by metabolic and oxygen availability in the tumor-associated micro-environment. A precise alteration in oxygen and metabolic signaling between healthy and metastatic cells is a substantial probe for understanding tumor progression and metastasis. Molecular heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment help to sustain the metastatic cell growth during their survival shift from low to high metabolic-oxygen-rich sites and reinforces the metastatic events. This review highlighted the crucial role of oxygen and metabolites in metastatic progression and exemplified the role of metabolic rewiring and oxygen availability in cancer cell adaptation. Furthermore, we have also addressed potential applications of altered oxygen and metabolic networking with tumor type that could be a signature pattern to assess tumor growth and chemotherapeutics efficacy in managing cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod S Bisht
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Kuldeep Giri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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