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Sarlo Davila KM, Boggiatto P, Olsen S, Lippolis JD, Crooker BA, Putz EJ. Effect of selection genotype on immune response to Brucella abortus RB51 in Holstein cattle. Anim Genet 2024; 55:47-54. [PMID: 37946616 DOI: 10.1111/age.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic selection for milk production traits in US Holsteins has affected numerous genes associated with reproduction and immunity. This study compares the transcriptomic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to an in vitro Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) bacterial challenge between contemporary Holsteins and Holsteins that have not been selected for milk production traits since the mid-1960s. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four contemporary and four unselected lactating, primiparous cows following 24-h incubation with or without stimulation with RB51 bacteria. RNA was sequenced and reads analyzed using tools from galaxy.scinet.usda.gov. A total of 412 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate p < 0.05, log fold change > |1|) were identified. The upregulated genes (genes with higher expression in contemporary than unselected cattle) were enriched for 19 terms/pathways, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, indicating a cellular stress response. Downregulated genes (genes with higher expression in unselected than contemporary cows) were enriched for 37 terms/pathways, representing diverse immune responses, including natural killer cell-mediated immunity, interferon-γ production, negative regulation of interleukin-10 production, and cytokine receptor activity indicating a broad immune response with an emphasis on immune defense. These results provide evidence that differences exist between the two genotypes in response to in vitro bacterial challenge. This suggests that contemporary cows, genetically selected for milk production, may have reduced immune function, including limitations in response to intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Sarlo Davila
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Paola Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - John D Lippolis
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Brian A Crooker
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ellie J Putz
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
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2
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Kim HJ, Lee SE, Na H, Roe JS, Roh JI, Lee HW. Divergence of the PIERCE1 expression between mice and humans as a p53 target gene. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236881. [PMID: 32745107 PMCID: PMC7398528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PIERCE1, p53 induced expression 1 in Rb null cells, is a novel p53 target involved in the DNA damage response and cell cycle in mice. These facts prompted us to study the function of PIERCE1 with respect to p53-associated pathophysiology of cancer in humans. Unexpectedly, PIERCE1 did not respond to overexpression and activation of p53 in humans. In this study, we swapped p53 protein expression in human and mouse cells to find the clue of this difference between species. Human p53 expression in mouse cells upregulated PIERCE1 expression, suggesting that p53-responsive elements on the PIERCE1 promoter are crucial, but not the p53 protein itself. Indeed, in silico analyses of PIERCE1 promoters revealed that p53-responsive elements identified in mice are not conserved in humans. Consistently, chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses confirmed p53 enrichment against the PIERCE1 promoter region in mice, not in human cells. To complement the p53 study in mice, further promoter analyses suggested that the human PIERCE1 promoter is more similar to guinea pigs, lemurs, and dogs than to rodents. Taken together, our results confirm the differential responsiveness of PIERCE1 expression to p53 due to species differences in PIERCE1 promoters. The results also show partial dissimilarity after p53 induction between mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeju Na
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-il Roh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JIR); (HWL)
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JIR); (HWL)
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3
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Impaired AKT signaling and lung tumorigenesis by PIERCE1 ablation in KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:5876-5887. [PMID: 32728173 PMCID: PMC7471098 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major lung cancer subtype that leads to many cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although numerous studies on KRAS-mutant type NSCLC have been conducted, new oncogenic or tumor suppressive genes need to be detected because a large proportion of NSCLC patients does not respond to currently used therapeutics. Here, we show the tumor-promoting function of a cell cycle-related protein, PIERCE1, in KRAS-mutant NSCLC. Mechanistically, PIERCE1 depletion inhibits cell growth and AKT phosphorylation (pAKT) at S473, which is particularly observed in KRAS-mutant lung cancers. Analyses of AKT-related genes using microarray, immunoblotting, and real-time quantitative PCR indicated that PIERCE1 negatively regulates the gene expression of the AKT suppressor, TRIB3, through the CHOP pathway, which is a key regulatory pathway for TRIB3 expression. Similarly, in vivo analyses of PIERCE1 depletion in the KRAS mutation-related lung cancer mouse models revealed the suppressive effect of PIERCE1 knockout in urethane- and KRASG12D-induced lung tumorigenesis with decreased pAKT levels observed in the tumors. Tissue microarrays of human lung cancers indicated the expression of PIERCE1 in 83% of lung cancers and its correlation with pAKT expression. Thus, we illustrate how PIERCE1 depletion may serve as a therapeutic strategy against KRAS-mutant NSCLC and propose the clinical benefit of PIERCE1.
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4
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Park BM, Kim HJ, Oh JH, Roh JI, Lee HW. Effect of PIERCE1 on colorectal cancer. Exp Anim 2020; 69:414-422. [PMID: 32581195 PMCID: PMC7677082 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most lethal cancer type across all ages and sexes, the many mechanisms of which are still currently being further elucidated. PIERCE1 has been known to be involved in the cell cycle and proliferation, the expression of which is regulated by stress conditions in a p53-dependent manner. Through a database search, we found that PIERCE1 was significantly augmented in patients with colorectal carcinoma compared to normal samples, suggesting its possible role in tumor regulation. Recently, PIERCE1 has also been reported to increase proliferation of a liver cancer cell line, indicating its possible role as an oncogene. To examine its relevance to tumorigenesis, such as whether it has either oncogenic or tumor suppressive function, PIERCE1 was knocked down and overexpressed in several colorectal cancer cell lines and mice, respectively. To evaluate the roles of Pierce1 in vivo, we established a Pierce1 transgenic (TG) mouse model and then administered azoxymethane with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colorectal carcinogenesis via promoting mutations in Apc and Kras. Nonetheless, PIERCE1 depletion in these cell lines showed no significant change in cell growth. AOM/DSS-treated Pierce1 TG mice were comparable with respect to colon lengths, the number of polyps, and tumor sizes to those of the control mice. These results implicate that PIERCE1 does not play an oncogenic or tumor suppressive role in AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Min Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Yonsei Ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Yonsei Ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Yonsei Ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Roh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Yonsei Ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Yonsei Ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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5
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Liu YY, Tanikawa C, Ueda K, Matsuda K. INKA2, a novel p53 target that interacts with the serine/threonine kinase PAK4. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1907-1920. [PMID: 31081062 PMCID: PMC6521941 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a tumour suppressor and transcription factor that regulates the expression of target genes involved in numerous stress responses systems. In this study, we designed a screening strategy using DNA damage-induced mouse and human transcriptome data to identify novel downstream targets of p53. Our method selected genes with an induced expression in multiple organs of X-ray-irradiated p53 wild-type mice. The expression of inka box actin regulator 2 gene, known as Inka2, was upregulated in 12 organs when p53 expression was induced. Similarly, INKA2 was induced in a p53-dependent manner at both the mRNA and protein level in human cells treated with adriamycin. Reporter assays confirmed that p53 directly regulated INKA2 through an intronic binding site. The overexpression of INKA2 produced a slight decrease in cancer cell growth in the colony formation assay. Moreover, the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data revealed a decreased INKA2 expression in tumour samples carrying p53 mutations compared with p53 wild-type samples. In addition, significantly higher levels of DNA methylation were observed in the INKA2 promoter in tumour samples, concordant with the reduced INKA2 expression in tumour tissues. These results demonstrate the potential of INKA2 as a cancer cell growth inhibitor. Furthermore, INKA2 protein interacts with the serine/threonine-protein kinase, p21 (RAC1) activated kinase (PAK)4, which phosphorylates β-catenin to prevent ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. As β-catenin was downregulated in a stable INKA2-expressing cell line, the findings of this study suggest that INKA2 is a novel, direct downstream target of p53 that potentially decreases cell growth by inhibiting the PAK4-β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 108‑8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo 108‑8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Project for Realization of Personalized Cancer Medicine, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135‑8550, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 108‑8639, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Constantinof A, Moisiadis VG, Kostaki A, Szyf M, Matthews SG. Antenatal Glucocorticoid Exposure Results in Sex-Specific and Transgenerational Changes in Prefrontal Cortex Gene Transcription that Relate to Behavioural Outcomes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:764. [PMID: 30679753 PMCID: PMC6346022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (sGC) are administered to women at risk for pre-term delivery to reduce respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is important in regulating stress responses and related behaviours and expresses high levels of glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Further, antenatal exposure to sGC results in a hyperactive phenotype in first generation (F1) juvenile male and female offspring, as well as F2 and F3 juvenile females from the paternal lineage. We hypothesized that multiple courses of antenatal sGC modify gene expression in the PFC, that these effects are sex-specific and maintained across multiple generations, and that the gene sets affected relate to modified locomotor activity. We performed RNA sequencing on PFC of F1 juvenile males and females, as well as F2 and F3 juvenile females from the paternal lineage and used regression modelling to relate gene expression and behavior. Antenatal sGC resulted in sex-specific and generation-specific changes in gene expression. Further, the expression of 4 genes (C9orf116, Calb1, Glra3, and Gpr52) explained 20–29% of the observed variability in locomotor activity. Antenatal exposure to sGC profoundly influences the developing PFC; effects are evident across multiple generations and may drive altered behavioural phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Constantinof
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Vasilis G Moisiadis
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Alisa Kostaki
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Departments of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G1X5, Canada.
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7
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Roh JI, Kim Y, Oh J, Kim Y, Lee J, Lee J, Chun KH, Lee HW. Hexokinase 2 is a molecular bridge linking telomerase and autophagy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193182. [PMID: 29462198 PMCID: PMC5819818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is systematically regulated by upstream factors and nutrients. Recent studies reported that telomerase and hexokinase 2 [HK2) regulate autophagy through mTOR and that telomerase has the capacity to bind to the HK2 promoter. However, the molecular linkage among telomerase, HK2, and autophagy is not fully understood. Here, we show that HK2 connects telomerase to autophagy. HK2 inhibition in HepG2 cells suppressed TERT-induced autophagy activation and further enhancement by glucose deprivation. The HK2 downstream factor mTOR was responsible for the TERT-induced autophagy activation under glucose deprivation, implying that TERT promotes autophagy through an HK2-mTOR pathway. TERC played a role similar to that of TERT, and simultaneous expression of TERT and TERC synergistically enhanced HK2 expression and autophagy. At the gene level, TERT bound to the HK2 promoter at a specific region harboring the telomerase-responsive sequence ‘TTGGG.’ Mutagenesis of TERC and the TERT-responsive element in the HK2 promoter revealed that TERC is required for the binding of TERT to the HK2 promoter. We demonstrate the existence of a telomerase-HK2-mTOR-autophagy axis and suggest that inhibition of the interaction between telomerase and the HK2 promoter diminishes glucose starvation-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-il Roh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jahyun Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Chun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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8
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Zhang C, Chang C, Zhao W, Gao H, Wang Q, Li D, Zhang F, Zhang S, Xu C. The novel protein C9orf116 promotes rat liver cell line BRL-3A proliferation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180607. [PMID: 28749992 PMCID: PMC5531498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has proved that the chromosome 9 open reading frame 116 (C9orf116) (NM_001106564.1) was significantly up-regulated in the proliferation phase of liver regeneration. To study its possible physiological function, we analyzed the effect of C9orf116 on BRL-3A cells via over-expression and interference technique. MTT results showed that the cell viability of the interference group was significantly lower than the control group at 48h after transfection (P<0.05), whereas it was significantly higher in the over-expression group (P<0.05). The flow cytometry results showed that C9orf116 knockdown or over-expression had little effect on BRL-3A cell apoptosis. However, the number of cells in division phase (G2/M) was significantly reduced in the interference group (P<0.05), but significantly increased in the over-expression group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the expressions of cell proliferation-related genes CCNA2, CCND1 and MYC both at mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated in the interference group and up-regulated in the over-expression group. Therefore, we concluded that C9orf116 may promote cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle transition and the expression of key genes CCNA2, CCND1 and MYC in BRL-3A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hang Gao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Deming Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shifu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Sung YH, Baek IJ, Kim YH, Gho YS, Oh SP, Lee YJ, Lee HW. PIERCE1 is critical for specification of left-right asymmetry in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27932. [PMID: 27305836 PMCID: PMC4917697 DOI: 10.1038/srep27932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The specification of left-right asymmetry of the visceral organs is precisely regulated. The earliest breakage of left-right symmetry occurs as the result of leftward flow generated by asymmetric beating of nodal cilia, which eventually induces asymmetric Nodal/Lefty/Pitx2 expression on the left side of the lateral plate mesoderm. PIERCE1 has been identified as a p53 target gene involved in the DNA damage response. In this study, we found that Pierce1-null mice exhibit severe laterality defects, including situs inversus totalis and heterotaxy with randomized situs and left and right isomerisms. The spectrum of laterality defects was closely correlated with randomized expression of Nodal and its downstream genes, Lefty1/2 and Pitx2. The phenotype of Pierce1-null mice most closely resembled that of mutant mice with impaired ciliogenesis and/or ciliary motility of the node. We also found the loss of asymmetric expression of Cerl2, the earliest flow-responding gene in the node of Pierce1-null embryos. The results suggest that Pierce1-null embryos have defects in generating a symmetry breaking signal including leftward nodal flow. This is the first report implicating a role for PIERCE1 in the symmetry-breaking step of left-right asymmetry specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Sung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - S Paul Oh
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology and Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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10
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Sung YH, Jin Y, Kang Y, Devkota S, Lee J, Roh JI, Lee HW. Ei24, a novel E2F target gene, affects p53-independent cell death upon ultraviolet C irradiation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31261-7. [PMID: 24014029 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The deficiency of retinoblastoma (Rb) gene deregulates E2F transcription factors and thus induces E2F target genes directly or p53 target genes indirectly via mouse p19(Arf) (or p14(ARF) in humans), an E2F target gene. Here, we identified that etoposide-induced 2.4 mRNA (Ei24)/p53-induced gene 8 (Pig8), a p53 target gene involved in apoptosis and autophagy, was up-regulated in Rb(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The Ei24 promoter was activated by E2F1 via multiple E2F-responsive elements, independently of the previously reported p53-responsive element. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that E2F1 directly acts on the mouse Ei24 promoter. We observed that Ei24 expression was suppressed in p53(-/-) MEFs upon UVC irradiation, which was exacerbated in p53(-/-) E2f1(-/-) MEFs, supporting the positive role of E2F1 on Ei24 transcription. Furthermore, Ei24 knockdown sensitized p53(-/-) MEFs against UVC irradiation. Together, our data indicate that Ei24 is a novel E2F target gene contributing to the survival of p53-deficient cells upon UVC irradiation and thus may have a potential significance as a therapeutic target of certain chemotherapy for treating p53-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Sung
- From the Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, and Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea and
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11
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Stabilization of p21 (Cip1/WAF1) following Tip60-dependent acetylation is required for p21-mediated DNA damage response. Cell Death Differ 2012; 20:620-9. [PMID: 23238566 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling post-translational modifications of p21 have been pursued assiduously in recent years. Here, utilizing mass-spectrometry analysis and site-specific acetyl-p21 antibody, two lysine residues of p21, located at amino-acid sites 161 and 163, were identified as Tip60-mediated acetylation targets for the first time. Detection of adriamycin-induced p21 acetylation, which disappeared after Tip60 depletion with concomitant destabilization of p21 and disruption of G1 arrest, suggested that Tip60-mediated p21 acetylation is necessary for DNA damage-induced cell-cycle regulation. The ability of 2KQ, a mimetic of acetylated p21, to induce cell-cycle arrest and senescence was significantly enhanced in p21 null MEFs compared with those of cells expressing wild-type p21. Together, these observations demonstrate that Tip60-mediated p21 acetylation is a novel and essential regulatory process required for p21-dependent DNA damage-induced cell-cycle arrest.
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12
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Lee MH, Na H, Kim EJ, Lee HW, Lee MO. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of p53 induces gene-specific transcriptional repression of MTA1. Oncogene 2012; 31:5099-107. [PMID: 22286760 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) is overexpressed in various human cancers and is closely connected with aggressive phenotypes; however, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the MTA1 gene. This study identified the MTA1 gene as a target of p53-mediated transrepression. The MTA1 promoter contains two putative p53 response elements (p53REs), which were repressed by the p53-inducing drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Notably, 5-FU treatment decreased MTA1 expression only in p53 wild-type cells. p53 and histone deacetylases 1/2 were recruited, and acetylation of H3K9 was decreased on the promoter region including the p53REs after 5-FU treatment. Proteomics analysis of the p53 repressor complex, which was pulled down by the MTA1 promoter, revealed that the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) was part of the complex. Interestingly, p53 was poly(ADP-ribose)ylated by PARP-1, and the p53-mediated transrepression of the MTA1 gene required poly(ADP-ribose)ylation of p53. In summary, we report a novel function for poly(ADP-ribose)ylation of p53 in the gene-specific regulation of the transcriptional mode of p53 on the promoter of MTA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ei24-deficiency attenuates protein kinase Cα signaling and skin carcinogenesis in mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1887-96. [PMID: 22771957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide-induced gene 24 (Ei24) is a p53 target gene that inhibits growth, induces apoptosis and autophagy, as well as suppresses breast cancer. To evaluate the role of Ei24 in in vivo tumorigenesis, we generated an Ei24-deficient mouse model. Here, we report that, although Ei24 homozygous knockout mice are embryonic lethal, Ei24 heterozygous null mice are attenuated to DMBA/TPA-induced carcinogenesis with regard to the number and size of tumors but not the incidence. Ei24 contains a functional consensus motif, named as an R motif that is highly analogous to amino acids 105-110 of RINCK1, an E3 ligase for protein kinase C (PKC) proteins. We found that Ei24 stabilizes PKCαvia RINCK degradation and competition with RINCK for binding with the C1a domain of PKCα. We also found that Ei24 contributes to PKCα-mediated transactivation of EGFR by promoting PKCα membrane localization and interaction with EGFR. Finally, using Oncomine database we show that Ei24 and EGFR are upregulated in some subsets of human HNSCC. These results suggest that Ei24 is a regulator of the RINCK1-PKCα-EGFR signaling pathway in the development of skin-cancer.
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