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Herault A, Mak J, de la Cruz-Chuh J, Dillon MA, Ellerman D, Go M, Cosino E, Clark R, Carson E, Yeung S, Pichery M, Gador M, Chiang EY, Wu J, Liang Y, Modrusan Z, Gampa G, Sudhamsu J, Kemball CC, Cheung V, Nguyen TTT, Seshasayee D, Piskol R, Totpal K, Yu SF, Lee G, Kozak KR, Spiess C, Walsh KB. NKG2D-bispecific enhances NK and CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:209. [PMID: 39112670 PMCID: PMC11306676 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy approaches that elicit immune cell responses, including T and NK cells, have revolutionized the field of oncology. However, immunosuppressive mechanisms restrain immune cell activation within solid tumors so additional strategies to augment activity are required. METHODS We identified the co-stimulatory receptor NKG2D as a target based on its expression on a large proportion of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from breast cancer patient samples. Human and murine surrogate NKG2D co-stimulatory receptor-bispecifics (CRB) that bind NKG2D on NK and CD8+ T cells as well as HER2 on breast cancer cells (HER2-CRB) were developed as a proof of concept for targeting this signaling axis in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS HER2-CRB enhanced NK cell activation and cytokine production when co-cultured with HER2 expressing breast cancer cell lines. HER2-CRB when combined with a T cell-dependent-bispecific (TDB) antibody that synthetically activates T cells by crosslinking CD3 to HER2 (HER2-TDB), enhanced T cell cytotoxicity, cytokine production and in vivo antitumor activity. A mouse surrogate HER2-CRB (mHER2-CRB) improved in vivo efficacy of HER2-TDB and augmented NK as well as T cell activation, cytokine production and effector CD8+ T cell differentiation. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that targeting NKG2D with bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) is an effective approach to augment NK and CD8+ T cell antitumor immune responses. Given the large number of ongoing clinical trials leveraging NK and T cells for cancer immunotherapy, NKG2D-bispecifics have broad combinatorial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Herault
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judy Mak
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Josefa de la Cruz-Chuh
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Dillon
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ely Cosino
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robyn Clark
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Carson
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stacey Yeung
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Pichery
- Immuno-Oncology-In Vitro Biology Department, Evotec, Toulouse, France
| | - Mylène Gador
- Immuno-Oncology-In Vitro Biology Department, Evotec, Toulouse, France
| | - Eugene Y Chiang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Antibody Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Department of Next-GenSequencing, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Next-GenSequencing, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gautham Gampa
- Department of Development Sciences PTPK, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jawahar Sudhamsu
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher C Kemball
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Cheung
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Dhaya Seshasayee
- Department of Antibody Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Piskol
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Klara Totpal
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Genee Lee
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Spiess
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin B Walsh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Advances of research of Fc-fusion protein that activate NK cells for tumor immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108783. [PMID: 35561479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of bioengineering technology has introduced Fc-fusion proteins, representing a novel kind of recombinant protein, as promising biopharmaceutical products in tumor therapy. Numerous related anti-tumor Fc-fusion proteins have been investigated and are in different stages of development. Fc-fusion proteins are constructed by fusing the Fc-region of the antibody with functional proteins or peptides. They retain the bioactivity of the latter and partial properties of the former. This structural and functional advantage makes Fc-fusion proteins an effective tool in tumor immunotherapy, especially for the recruitment and activation of natural killer (NK) cells, which play a critical role in tumor immunotherapy. Even though tumor cells have developed mechanisms to circumvent the cytotoxic effect of NK cells or induce defective NK cells, Fc-fusion proteins have been proven to effectively activate NK cells to kill tumor cells in different ways, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), activate NK cells in different ways in order to promote killing of tumor cells. In this review, we focus on NK cell-based immunity for cancers and current research progress of the Fc-fusion proteins for anti-tumor therapy by activating NK cells.
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3
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Kellner C, Lutz S, Oberg HH, Wesch D, Otte A, Diemer KJ, Wilcken H, Bauerschlag D, Glüer CC, Wichmann C, Kabelitz D, Leusen JHW, Klausz K, Humpe A, Gramatzki M, Peipp M. Tumor cell lysis and synergistically enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by NKG2D engagement with a bispecific immunoligand targeting the HER2 antigen. Biol Chem 2021; 403:545-556. [PMID: 34717050 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) plays an important role in the regulation of natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in cancer immune surveillance. With the aim of redirecting NK cell cytotoxicity against tumors, the NKG2D ligand UL-16 binding protein 2 (ULBP2) was fused to a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The resulting bispecific immunoligand ULBP2:HER2-scFv triggered NK cell-mediated killing of HER2-positive breast cancer cells in an antigen-dependent manner and required concomitant interaction with NKG2D and HER2 as revealed in antigen blocking experiments. The immunoligand induced tumor cell lysis dose-dependently and was effective at nanomolar concentrations. Of note, ULBP2:HER2-scFv sensitized tumor cells for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In particular, the immunoligand enhanced ADCC by cetuximab, a therapeutic antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) synergistically. No significant improvements were obtained by combining cetuximab and anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab. In conclusion, dual-dual targeting by combining IgG1 antibodies with antibody constructs targeting another tumor associated antigen and engaging NKG2D as a second NK cell trigger molecule may be promising. Thus, the immunoligand ULBP2:HER2-scFv may represent an attractive biological molecule to promote NK cell cytotoxicity against tumors and to boost ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kellner
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 32, D-81377Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lutz
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, D-24105Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Otte
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, D-24105Kiel, Germany
| | - Katarina J Diemer
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, D-24105Kiel, Germany
| | - Hauke Wilcken
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, D-24105Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and Obestrics, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus-Christian Glüer
- Department of Radiology and Neurology, Section Biomedical Imaging, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-24118Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 32, D-81377Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, NL-3584Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Katja Klausz
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, D-24105Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 32, D-81377Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Gramatzki
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, D-24105Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, D-24105Kiel, Germany
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4
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Trabolsi A, Arumov A, Schatz JH. T Cell–Activating Bispecific Antibodies in Cancer Therapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:585-592. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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5
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Stiff A, Trikha P, Mundy-Bosse B, McMichael E, Mace TA, Benner B, Kendra K, Campbell A, Gautam S, Abood D, Landi I, Hsu V, Duggan M, Wesolowski R, Old M, Howard JH, Yu L, Stasik N, Olencki T, Muthusamy N, Tridandapani S, Byrd JC, Caligiuri M, Carson WE. Nitric Oxide Production by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Plays a Role in Impairing Fc Receptor-Mediated Natural Killer Cell Function. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1891-1904. [PMID: 29363526 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: mAbs are used to treat solid and hematologic malignancies and work in part through Fc receptors (FcRs) on natural killer cells (NK). However, FcR-mediated functions of NK cells from patients with cancer are significantly impaired. Identifying the mechanisms of this dysfunction and impaired response to mAb therapy could lead to combination therapies and enhance mAb therapy.Experimental Design: Cocultures of autologous NK cells and MDSC from patients with cancer were used to study the effect of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) on NK-cell FcR-mediated functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and signal transduction in vitro Mouse breast cancer models were utilized to study the effect of MDSCs on antibody therapy in vivo and test the efficacy of combination therapies including a mAb and an MDSC-targeting agent.Results: MDSCs from patients with cancer were found to significantly inhibit NK-cell FcR-mediated functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and signal transduction in a contact-independent manner. In addition, adoptive transfer of MDSCs abolished the efficacy of mAb therapy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Inhibition of iNOS restored NK-cell functions and signal transduction. Finally, nonspecific elimination of MDSCs or inhibition of iNOS in vivo significantly improved the efficacy of mAb therapy in a mouse model of breast cancer.Conclusions: MDSCs antagonize NK-cell FcR-mediated function and signal transduction leading to impaired response to mAb therapy in part through nitric oxide production. Thus, elimination of MDSCs or inhibition of nitric oxide production offers a strategy to improve mAb therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1891-904. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stiff
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbus, Ohio.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Prashant Trikha
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Elizabeth McMichael
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas A Mace
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brooke Benner
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kari Kendra
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amanda Campbell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbus, Ohio.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David Abood
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ian Landi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vincent Hsu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Megan Duggan
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew Old
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John Harrison Howard
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nancy Stasik
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas Olencki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John C Byrd
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael Caligiuri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William E Carson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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6
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Ding H, Yang X, Wei Y. Fusion Proteins of NKG2D/NKG2DL in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010177. [PMID: 29316666 PMCID: PMC5796126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NKG2D (natural killer group 2, member D) is an important activating receptor in natural killer (NK) cells and some T cells. NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) are specifically expressed on most tumor cells. The engagement of these ligands on tumor cells to NKG2D on NK cells will induce cell-mediated cytotoxicity and have target cells destroyed. This gives NKG2D/NKG2DLs great potential in cancer therapeutic application. The creation of NKG2D/NKG2DL-based multi-functional fusion proteins is becoming one of the most promising strategies in immunotherapy for cancer. Antibodies, cytokines, and death receptors have been fused with NKG2D or its ligands to produce many powerful fusion proteins, including NKG2D-based chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). In this article, we review the recent developments of the fusion proteins with NKG2D/NKG2DL ligands in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 190 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 190 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Yanzhang Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 190 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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7
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Campbell AR, Duggan MC, Suarez-Kelly LP, Bhave N, Opheim KS, McMichael EL, Trikha P, Parihar R, Luedke E, Lewis A, Yung B, Lee R, Raulet D, Tridandapani S, Groh V, Yu L, Yildiz V, Byrd JC, Caligiuri MA, Carson WE. MICA-Expressing Monocytes Enhance Natural Killer Cell Fc Receptor-Mediated Antitumor Functions. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:778-789. [PMID: 28724544 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes that promote the antitumor response via communication with other cell types in the tumor microenvironment. Previously, we have shown that NK cells secrete a profile of immune stimulatory factors (e.g., IFNγ, MIP-1α, and TNFα) in response to dual stimulation with the combination of antibody (Ab)-coated tumor cells and cytokines, such as IL12. We now demonstrate that this response is enhanced in the presence of autologous monocytes. Monocyte enhancement of NK cell activity was dependent on cell-to-cell contact as determined by a Transwell assay. It was hypothesized that NK cell effector functions against Ab-coated tumor cells were enhanced via binding of MICA on monocytes to NK cell NKG2D receptors. Strategies to block MICA-NKG2D interactions resulted in reductions in IFNγ production. Depletion of monocytes in vivo resulted in decreased IFNγ production by murine NK cells upon exposure to Ab-coated tumor cells. In mice receiving trastuzumab and IL12 therapy, monocyte depletion resulted in significantly greater tumor growth in comparison to mock-depleted controls (P < 0.05). These data suggest that NK cell-monocyte interactions enhance NK cell antitumor activity in the setting of monoclonal Ab therapy for cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(9); 778-89. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Campbell
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Megan C Duggan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Neela Bhave
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kallan S Opheim
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth L McMichael
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Prashant Trikha
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robin Parihar
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eric Luedke
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adrian Lewis
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bryant Yung
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David Raulet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Veronika Groh
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vedat Yildiz
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John C Byrd
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William E Carson
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio. .,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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8
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Di Modica M, Sfondrini L, Regondi V, Varchetta S, Oliviero B, Mariani G, Bianchi GV, Generali D, Balsari A, Triulzi T, Tagliabue E. Taxanes enhance trastuzumab-mediated ADCC on tumor cells through NKG2D-mediated NK cell recognition. Oncotarget 2016; 7:255-65. [PMID: 26595802 PMCID: PMC4807996 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical data indicate a synergistic therapeutic effect between trastuzumab and taxanes in neoadjuvantly treated HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) patients. In HER2+ BC experimental models and patients, we investigated whether this synergy depends on the ability of drug-induced stress to improve NK cell effectiveness and thus trastuzumab-mediated ADCC. HER2+ BC cell lines BT474 and MDAMB361 treated with docetaxel showed up-modulation of NK activator ligands both in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by a 15-40% increase in in vitro trastuzumab-mediated ADCC; antibodies blocking the NKG2D receptor significantly reduced this enhancement. NKG2D receptor expression was increased by docetaxel treatment in circulating and splenic NK cells from mice xenografted with tumor cells, an increase related to expansion of the CD11b+Ly6G+ cell population. Accordingly, NK cells derived from HER2+ BC patients after treatment with taxane-containing therapy expressed higher levels of NKG2D receptor than before treatment. Moreover, plasma obtained from these patients recapitulated the modulation of NKG2D on healthy donors' NK cells, improving their trastuzumab-mediated activity in vitro. This enhancement occurred mainly using plasma from patients with low NKG2D basal expression. Our results indicate that taxanes increase tumor susceptibility to ADCC by acting on tumor and NK cells, and suggest that taxanes concomitantly administered with trastuzumab could maximize the antibody effect, especially in patients with low basal immune effector cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Modica
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Viola Regondi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Varchetta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Oliviero
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Mariani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Valeria Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Dipartimento di Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Andrea Balsari
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Triulzi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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9
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Abstract
In this article, the authors summarize the state of the art and future potential in the management of Osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and Chondrosarcoma. They cover systemic therapy, surgical therapy, and radiotherapy, along with targeted therapies to inhibit signal transduction pathways. They discuss staging and the role of imaging evaluation to provide an overview of bone tumor treatment. Images presenting pathologic-radiologic correlations are included.
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10
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El-Gazzar A, Groh V, Spies T. Immunobiology and conflicting roles of the human NKG2D lymphocyte receptor and its ligands in cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 191:1509-15. [PMID: 23913973 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancers adopt diverse strategies to safeguard their survival, which often involve blinding or incapacitating the immune response, thereby gaining battleground advantage against the host. In immune responses against cancer, an important stimulatory lymphocyte receptor is NKG2D because the tumor-associated expression of its ligands promotes destruction of malignant cells. However, with advanced human cancers profound changes unfold wherein NKG2D and its ligands are targeted or exploited for immune evasion and suppression. This negative imprinting on the immune system may be accompanied by another functional state wherein cancer cells coopt expression of NKG2D to complement the presence of its ligands for self-stimulation of tumor growth and presumably malignant progression. This review emphasizes these conflicting functional dynamics at the immunity-cancer biology interface in humans, within an overview of the immunobiology of NKG2D and mechanisms underlying the regulation of its ligands in cancer, with reference to instructive clinical observations and translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Gazzar
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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11
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Pegram MD. Treating the HER2 pathway in early and advanced breast cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2014; 27:751-65, viii. [PMID: 23915743 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ERBB2 gene amplification occurs in ∼20% of human breast cancers (BC) and is associated with an adverse clinical prognosis, indicating that it may be playing a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Therapeutic strategies targeting pathologic ERBB2 overexpression have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of BC. Indeed, humanized anti-ERBB2 antibodies, small molecule ERBB2 kinase inhibitors and ERBB2-targeting antibody-drug conjugates have proven safety and efficacy based upon evidence from randomized phase III clinical trials. Recent progress in targeting ERBB2 alteration will be reviewed, with focus on data that has informed changes in clinical practice for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Pegram
- Medical Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5456, USA.
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12
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Rothe A, Jachimowicz RD, Borchmann S, Madlener M, Keßler J, Reiners KS, Sauer M, Hansen HP, Ullrich RT, Chatterjee S, Borchmann P, Yazaki P, Koslowsky TC, Engert A, Heukamp LC, Hallek M, von Strandmann EP. The bispecific immunoligand ULBP2-aCEA redirects natural killer cells to tumor cells and reveals potent anti-tumor activity against colon carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2829-40. [PMID: 24242212 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
NKG2D, an activating receptor expressed on NK cells and T cells, is critically involved in tumor immunosurveillance. In this study, we explored the potential therapeutic utility of the NKG2D ligand ULBP2 for the treatment of colon carcinoma. To this end we designed a fusion protein consisting of human ULBP2 and an antibody-derived single chain targeting the tumor carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The bispecific recombinant fusion protein re-directed NK cells towards malignant cells by binding to both, tumor cells and NK cells, and triggered NK cell-mediated target cell killing in vitro. Moreover, tumor growth was significantly delayed in a syngeneic colon carcinoma mouse model in response to immunoligand treatment. The anti-tumor activity could be attributed to the stimulation of immune cells with an elevated expression of the activation marker CD69 on NK, T and NKT cells and the infiltration of CD45+ immune cells into the solid tumor. In summary, it was demonstrated that immunoligands provide specific tumor targeting by NK cells and exert anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. This technology represents a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for solid tumors with the potential to be further developed for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Rothe
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Innate Immunity Group, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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13
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Vyas M, Koehl U, Hallek M, von Strandmann EP. Natural ligands and antibody-based fusion proteins: harnessing the immune system against cancer. Trends Mol Med 2013; 20:72-82. [PMID: 24268686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The insight that the immune system is able to eradicate tumor cells inspired the development of targeted immunotherapies. These novel approaches aim to trigger immune molecules and receptors, including CD3 on T cells and NKG2D and NKp30 on natural killer (NK) cells, to harness the immune system against cancer. In cancer patients, overcoming immune suppression induced by malignant cells or by the tumor microenvironment remains the major challenge to the clinical efficacy of immunotherapies. Recombinant constructs have been developed in various formats either utilizing natural ligands (immunoligands) or antibody-derived components (immunoconstructs) to circumvent mechanisms that counteract an effective antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulik Vyas
- University of Cologne, Clinic 1 for Internal Medicine, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- University of Cologne, Clinic 1 for Internal Medicine, 50924 Cologne, Germany
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14
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El-Gazzar A, Cai X, Reeves RS, Dai Z, Caballero-Benitez A, McDonald DL, Vazquez J, Gooley TA, Sale GE, Spies T, Groh V. Effects on tumor development and metastatic dissemination by the NKG2D lymphocyte receptor expressed on cancer cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:4932-40. [PMID: 24141776 PMCID: PMC3994187 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The stimulatory NKG2D lymphocyte receptor together with its tumor-associated ligands enable the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. However, with dynamic changes unfolding, cancers exploit NKG2D and its ligands for immune evasion and suppression. Recent findings have added yet another functional dimension wherein cancer cells themselves coopt NKG2D for their own benefit to complement the presence of its ligands for self stimulation of parameters of tumorigenesis. Those findings are here extended to in vivo tumorigenicity testing by employing orthotopic xenotransplant breast cancer models in mice. Using human cancer lines with ectopic NKG2D expression and RNAi-mediated protein depletion among other controls, we show that NKG2D self-stimulation has tumor promoting capacity. NKG2D signals had no notable effects on cancer cell proliferation and survival but acted at the level of angiogenesis, thus promoting tumor growth, tumor cell intravasation and dissemination. NKG2D-mediated effects on tumor initiation may represent another factor in the observed overall enhancement of tumor development. Altogether, these results may impact immunotherapy approaches, which currently do not account for such NKG2D effects in cancer patients and thus could be misdirected as underlying assumptions are incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- A El-Gazzar
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - X Cai
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R S Reeves
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Z Dai
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Caballero-Benitez
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D L McDonald
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Vazquez
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T A Gooley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G E Sale
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T Spies
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - V Groh
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Zhang Y, Eliav Y, Shin SU, Schreiber TH, Podack ER, Tadmor T, Rosenblatt JD. B lymphocyte inhibition of anti-tumor response depends on expansion of Treg but is independent of B-cell IL-10 secretion. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:87-99. [PMID: 22772949 PMCID: PMC11029618 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which B lymphocytes inhibit anti-tumor immunity remain poorly understood. Murine EMT-6 mammary tumors grow readily in immune competent mice (BALB/c), but poorly in B-cell-deficient μ(-/-) BALB/c mice (BCDM). T regulatory cell (Treg) expansion and function were impaired in BCDM compared with BALB/c. In this study, we compared tumor growth, Treg cell proliferation, tumor lymphocyte infiltration and cytolytic T cell activity in BALB/c, BCDM and BCDM partially reconstituted with B cells by adoptive transfer (BCDM+B). Partial reconstitution of BCDM with adoptively transferred B cells restored EMT-6 tumor growth, which was independent of IL-10 secretion by B cells. Instead, high frequencies of intratumoral B cells were associated with increased recruitment and proliferation of Treg cells within the tumor microenvironment. The B-cell-dependent accumulation of Treg within the tumor microenvironment was associated with reduced tumor infiltration by CD49+ NK and CD8+ T cells and reduced cytotoxic T cell activity against EMT-6 targets. Our studies indicate that tumor-dependent immunosuppression of T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity is coordinated within the tumor microenvironment by B-cell-dependent cross talk with Treg cells, which does not require production of IL-10 by B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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16
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17
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION NKG2D (natural killer group 2, member D) is expressed on the surface of all mouse and human NK cells, and subpopulation of T cells. Stimulation of NK cells through NKG2D triggers cell-mediated cytotoxicity and induces the production of cytokines. NKG2D binds to family of unique ligands with structurally similar to MHC class I, however, NKG2D ligands can be up-regulated in their expression on stressed cells including tumor cells unlike conventional MHC class I molecules. Mounting evidences clearly implicate that NKG2D recognition plays an important role in tumor immune surveillance. AREAS COVERED While NKG2D detect for potentially dangerous cells, various inhibitory and/or escape mechanisms counteract immune surveillance system and thereby limit effective elimination of transformed tumor cells. In addition, tumors often generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment where inhibitory molecules or cytokines negatively effect the function of anti-tumor immune responses. NKG2D ligand expression can be up-regulated by transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms, therefore, certain therapy targeting those regulatory mechanisms could regain the expression of NKG2D ligands on tumor cells to be detected by the host immune responses. EXPERT OPINION Our knowledge in the precise mechanism of anti-tumor immunity is rapidly increasing. While NKG2D is known as primary cytotoxicity receptor in NK cell activation by recognizing 'induced-self' ligands on stressed cells including tumor cells, there are increasing evidences that NKG2D recognition can result in both immune activation and immune silencing. Future combined application of conventional cancer therapy and new therapy utilizing such stress-induced recognition systems will provide a novel opportunity to control malignant tumor progression of cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.
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18
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Fusion proteins between ligands for NKG2D and CD20-directed single-chain variable fragments sensitize lymphoma cells for natural killer cell-mediated lysis and enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Leukemia 2011; 26:830-4. [PMID: 22005785 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Mamessier E, Sylvain A, Bertucci F, Castellano R, Finetti P, Houvenaeghel G, Charaffe-Jaufret E, Birnbaum D, Moretta A, Olive D. Human breast tumor cells induce self-tolerance mechanisms to avoid NKG2D-mediated and DNAM-mediated NK cell recognition. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6621-32. [PMID: 21937679 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for women between the ages of 35 to 65. This is mostly due to intertumor heterogeneity and the lack of specific therapies for all subtypes. However, some breast cancers with an unexpected good prognosis are associated with enhanced antitumor immunity in situ. We studied whether breast cancer subtypes might have different susceptibilities to natural killer (NK) cells' antitumor immunity. We collected a large public set of microarray data for primary breast tumors and determined NK cell ligand expression. We found that despite heterogeneous levels of inhibitory HLA members, NKG2D ligands and DNAM ligands are expressed in virtually all breast tumor subtypes. Functional experiments in breast cancer subtypes expressing various levels of NK cell ligands showed that NK-mediated cytotoxicity is mainly HLA, NKG2D, and DNAM dependent. In parallel, we showed that cell lines and primary breast tumor cells secrete soluble inhibitory factors that alter NK cell functions. Finally, we showed that these mechanisms of escape occur in vivo in the MMTV-Neu model of spontaneous murine breast cancer. Our study shows that breast cancer cells, independent of the subtype, have developed different mechanisms to escape from NK cells' antitumor immunity. These results emphasize the role of NK cells in breast tumor clearance and underlie the importance of devising future therapy aiming at enhancing NK cell-mediated recognition in parallel with the prevention of the tumor-editing process.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/classification
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/classification
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Estrogens
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/classification
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Ligands
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mice
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/immunology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology
- Progesterone
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Self Tolerance
- Tumor Escape
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Mamessier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Genova, Italy.
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