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Komorowski L, Dabkowska A, Madzio J, Pastorczak A, Szczygiel K, Janowska M, Fidyt K, Bielecki M, Hunia J, Bajor M, Stoklosa T, Winiarska M, Patkowska E, Firczuk M. Concomitant inhibition of the thioredoxin system and nonhomologous DNA repair potently sensitizes Philadelphia-positive lymphoid leukemia to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e56. [PMID: 38486859 PMCID: PMC10938465 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR::ABL1) gene fusion is an essential oncogene in both chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in up to 95% of CML patients, 50% of Ph+ B-ALL cases do not respond to treatment or relapse. This calls for new therapeutic approaches for Ph+ B-ALL. Previous studies have shown that inhibitors of the thioredoxin (TXN) system exert antileukemic activity against B-ALL cells, particularly in combination with other drugs. Here, we present that peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1), one of the enzymes of the TXN system, is upregulated in Ph+ lymphoid as compared to Ph+ myeloid cells. PRDX1 knockout negatively affects the viability of Ph+ B-ALL cells and sensitizes them to TKIs. Analysis of global gene expression changes in imatinib-treated, PRDX1-deficient cells revealed that the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair is a novel vulnerability of Ph+ B-ALL cells. Accordingly, PRDX1-deficient Ph+ B-ALL cells were susceptible to NHEJ inhibitors. Finally, we demonstrated the potent efficacy of a novel combination of TKIs, TXN inhibitors, and NHEJ inhibitors against Ph+ B-ALL cell lines and primary cells, which can be further investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of Ph+ B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Komorowski
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular MedicineMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Agnieszka Dabkowska
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Joanna Madzio
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and HematologyMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and HematologyMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Kacper Szczygiel
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Polpharma Biologics SAGdańskPoland
| | - Martyna Janowska
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Maksymilian Bielecki
- Department of PsychologySWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsawPoland
| | - Jaromir Hunia
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Malgorzata Bajor
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Tumor Biology and GeneticsMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | | | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
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2
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Vekariya U, Toma M, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Le BV, Caron MC, Kukuyan AM, Sullivan-Reed K, Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Chitrala KN, Atkins J, Drzewiecka M, Feng W, Chan J, Chatla S, Golovine K, Jelinek J, Sliwinski T, Ghosh J, Matlawska-Wasowska K, Chandramouly G, Nejati R, Wasik M, Sykes SM, Piwocka K, Hadzijusufovic E, Valent P, Pomerantz RT, Morton G, Childers W, Zhao H, Paietta EM, Levine RL, Tallman MS, Fernandez HF, Litzow MR, Gupta GP, Masson JY, Skorski T. DNA polymerase θ protects leukemia cells from metabolically induced DNA damage. Blood 2023; 141:2372-2389. [PMID: 36580665 PMCID: PMC10273171 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia cells accumulate DNA damage, but altered DNA repair mechanisms protect them from apoptosis. We showed here that formaldehyde generated by serine/1-carbon cycle metabolism contributed to the accumulation of toxic DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) in leukemia cells, especially in driver clones harboring oncogenic tyrosine kinases (OTKs: FLT3(internal tandem duplication [ITD]), JAK2(V617F), BCR-ABL1). To counteract this effect, OTKs enhanced the expression of DNA polymerase theta (POLθ) via ERK1/2 serine/threonine kinase-dependent inhibition of c-CBL E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination of POLθ and its proteasomal degradation. Overexpression of POLθ in OTK-positive cells resulted in the efficient repair of DPC-containing DNA double-strand breaks by POLθ-mediated end-joining. The transforming activities of OTKs and other leukemia-inducing oncogenes, especially of those causing the inhibition of BRCA1/2-mediated homologous recombination with and without concomitant inhibition of DNA-PK-dependent nonhomologous end-joining, was abrogated in Polq-/- murine bone marrow cells. Genetic and pharmacological targeting of POLθ polymerase and helicase activities revealed that both activities are promising targets in leukemia cells. Moreover, OTK inhibitors or DPC-inducing drug etoposide enhanced the antileukemia effect of POLθ inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrated that POLθ plays an essential role in protecting leukemia cells from metabolically induced toxic DNA lesions triggered by formaldehyde, and it can be targeted to achieve a therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umeshkumar Vekariya
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Monika Toma
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bac Viet Le
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marie-Christine Caron
- CHU de Québec Research Centre (Oncology Division) and Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anna-Mariya Kukuyan
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine Sullivan-Reed
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Kumaraswamy N. Chitrala
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jessica Atkins
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Malgorzata Drzewiecka
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wanjuan Feng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Joe Chan
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Srinivas Chatla
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Konstantin Golovine
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jayashri Ghosh
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Gurushankar Chandramouly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mariusz Wasik
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen M. Sykes
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Companion Animals & Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard T. Pomerantz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - George Morton
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wayne Childers
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elisabeth M. Paietta
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Ross L. Levine
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Martin S. Tallman
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Hugo F. Fernandez
- Moffitt Malignant Hematology & Cellular Therapy at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL
| | - Mark R. Litzow
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Gaorav P. Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- CHU de Québec Research Centre (Oncology Division) and Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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3
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Akcora-Yildiz D, Ozkan T, Ozen M, Gunduz M, Sunguroglu A, Beksac M. Werner helicase is required for proliferation and DNA damage repair in multiple myeloma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1565-1573. [PMID: 36515823 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM), characterized by extensive genomic instability and aberrant DNA damage repair, is a plasma cell malignancy due to the excessive proliferation of monoclonal antibody-producing plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite the significant improvement in the survival of patients with the development of novel therapeutic agents, MM remains an incurable disease. Werner (WRN) helicase, a member of the RecQ helicase family that contributes to DNA replication, recombination, and repair, has been highlighted in cancer cell survival, yet the role and mechanism of WRN in MM remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Increased mRNA expression of WRN in newly diagnosed and relapsed CD138+ myeloma plasma cells than normal CD138+ plasma cells and their matched CD138- non-tumorigenic cells were detected by qPCR. Using NSC19630, a specific WRN helicase inhibitor, we further showed decreased cell viability, proliferation, and DNA repair and increased DNA damage and apoptosis in MM cells by MTT assay, cell cycle assay, apoptosis assay, and Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate that WRN is essential in MM cell viability, proliferation, and genomic stability, indicating its inhibition may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Akcora-Yildiz
- Department of Biology, Art & Science Faculty, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Tulin Ozkan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozen
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Bayındır Sogutozu Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gunduz
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Sunguroglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Ciarcia R, Longobardi C, Ferrara G, Montagnaro S, Andretta E, Pagnini F, Florio S, Maruccio L, Lauritano C, Damiano S. The Microalga Skeletonema marinoi Induces Apoptosis and DNA Damage in K562 Cell Line by Modulating NADPH Oxidase. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238270. [PMID: 36500363 PMCID: PMC9739211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease that activates multiple signaling pathways, causing cells to produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a major generator of ROS in leukemia, and marine natural products have shown promising activities for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the marine microalga Skeletonema marinoi (S.M.), a ubiquitous diatom that forms massive blooms in the oceans, on the human leukemia cell line K562. The effects of S.M. extract on cell viability, production of ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and apoptosis were examined. In this preliminary work, S.M. was able to decrease cell viability (p < 0.05) and increase apoptosis levels (p < 0.05) in K562 cells after 48 h of treatment. In addition, the levels of NOX, NO, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced in K562-treated cells (p < 0.05), whereas the levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx increased during treatment (p < 0.05). Finally, analyzing Bax and Bcl-2 expression, we found a significant increase in the proapoptotic protein Bax and a sustained decrease in the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 (p < 0.05) in the K562-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Largo Madonna delle Grazie n.1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pagnini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Radiology, University of Parma, Via Università n. 12, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Florio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucianna Maruccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton n. 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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5
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Baxter JS, Zatreanu D, Pettitt SJ, Lord CJ. Resistance to DNA repair inhibitors in cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3811-3827. [PMID: 35567571 PMCID: PMC9627783 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) represents a complex network of proteins which detect and repair DNA damage, thereby maintaining the integrity of the genome and preventing the transmission of mutations and rearranged chromosomes to daughter cells. Faults in the DDR are a known driver and hallmark of cancer. Furthermore, inhibition of DDR enzymes can be used to treat the disease. This is exemplified by PARP inhibitors (PARPi) used to treat cancers with defects in the homologous recombination DDR pathway. A series of novel DDR targets are now also under pre-clinical or clinical investigation, including inhibitors of ATR kinase, WRN helicase or the DNA polymerase/helicase Polθ (Pol-Theta). Drug resistance is a common phenomenon that impairs the overall effectiveness of cancer treatments and there is already some understanding of how resistance to PARPi occurs. Here, we discuss how an understanding of PARPi resistance could inform how resistance to new drugs targeting the DDR emerges. We also discuss potential strategies that could limit the impact of these therapy resistance mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Baxter
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Diana Zatreanu
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Stephen J. Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
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Siti Mariam I, Norhidayah R, Zulaikha AB, Nazihah MY, Rosline H, Kausar GA, Sarina S, Azlan H, Ankathil R. Differential prognostic impact of stratified additional chromosome abnormalities on disease progression among Malaysian chronic myeloid leukemia patients undergoing treatment with imatinib mesylate. Front Oncol 2022; 12:720845. [PMID: 36003793 PMCID: PMC9393706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.720845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of additional chromosome abnormalities (ACAs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients during treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) regime is generally associated with resistance to treatment and a sign of disease progression to accelerated phase or blast phase. We report the type, frequency, and differential prognostic impact of stratified ACAs with treatment response in 251 Malaysian CML patients undergoing TKI therapy. ACAs were observed in 40 patients (15.9%) of which 7 patients (17.5%) showed ACAs at time of initial diagnosis whereas 33 patients (82.5%) showed ACAs during the course of IM treatment. In order to assess the prognostic significance, we stratified the CML patients with ACAs into four groups, group 1 (+8/+Ph), group 2 (hypodiploidy), group 3 (structural/complex abnormalities); group 4 (high-risk complex abnormalities), and followed up the disease outcome of patients. Group 1 and group 2 relatively showed good prognosis while patients in group 3 and group 4 had progressed or transformed to AP or blast phase with a median survival rate of 12 months after progression. Novel ACAs consisting of rearrangements involving chromosome 11 and chromosome 12 were found to lead to myeloid BP while ACAs involving the deletion of 7q or monosomy 7 led toward a lymphoid blast phase. There was no evidence of group 2 abnormalities (hypodiploidy) contributing to disease progression. Compared to group 1 abnormalities, CML patients with group 3 and group 4 abnormalities showed a higher risk for disease progression. We conclude that the stratification based on individual ACAs has a differential prognostic impact and might be a potential novel risk predictive system to prognosticate and guide the treatment of CML patients at diagnosis and during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Siti Mariam
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ramli Norhidayah
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Zulaikha
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yunus Nazihah
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Rosline
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ghazali Anis Kausar
- Unit of Biostatstics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sulong Sarina
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Husin Azlan
- Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Ankathil
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Ravindran Ankathil,
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7
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Sumi K, Tago K, Nakazawa Y, Takahashi K, Ohe T, Mashino T, Funakoshi-Tago M. A bis-pyridinium fullerene derivative induces apoptosis through the generation of ROS in BCR-ABL-positive leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 916:174714. [PMID: 34953803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A fusion protein, Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) is responsible for the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Inhibitors against BCR-ABL are effective for the treatment of leukemia; however, a gatekeeper mutation (T315I) in BCR-ABL results in resistance to these inhibitors, which markedly impedes their efficacy. We herein demonstrated that a bis-pyridinium fullerene derivative (BPF) significantly induced apoptosis in human CML-derived K562 cells and ALL-derived SUP-B15 cells via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). BPF reduced the expression of Bcr-Abl mRNA by inhibiting expression of c-Myc through ROS production. BPF also accelerated protein degradation of BCR-ABL through ROS production. Furthermore, BPF down-regulated the expression of not only BCR-ABL but also T315I-mutated BCR-ABL in ROS-dependent manner. As a result, BPF effectively induced apoptosis in transformed Ba/F3 cells expressing both BCR-ABL and T315I-mutated BCR-ABL. Collectively, these results indicate the potential of BPF as an effective leukemia drug that overcomes resistance to BCR-ABL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Sumi
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenji Tago
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Nakazawa
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takahashi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Mashino
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
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8
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Abstract
Significance: Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive malady typified by a pro-oxidant/proinflammatory status, genetic instability, and by the early onset of numerous age-associated illnesses. The protein malfunctioning in WS individuals (WRN) is a helicase/exonuclease implicated in transcription, DNA replication/repair, and telomere maintenance. Recent Advances: In the last two decades, a series of important biological systems were created to comprehend at the molecular level the effect of a defective WRN protein. Such biological tools include mouse and worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) with a mutation in the Wrn helicase ortholog as well as human WS-induced pluripotent stem cells that can ultimately be differentiated into most cell lineages. Such WS models have identified anomalies related to the hallmarks of aging. Most importantly, vitamin C counteracts these age-related cellular phenotypes in these systems. Critical Issues: Vitamin C is the only antioxidant agent capable of reversing the cellular aging-related phenotypes in those biological systems. Since vitamin C is a cofactor for many hydroxylases and mono- or dioxygenase, it adds another level of complexity in deciphering the exact molecular pathways affected by this vitamin. Moreover, it is still unclear whether a short- or long-term vitamin C supplementation in human WS patients who already display aging-related phenotypes will have a beneficial impact. Future Directions: The discovery of new molecular markers specific to the modified biological pathways in WS that can be used for novel imaging techniques or as blood markers will be necessary to assess the favorable effect of vitamin C supplementation in WS. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 856-874.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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9
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Adlimoghaddam A, Odero GG, Glazner G, Turner RS, Albensi BC. Nilotinib Improves Bioenergetic Profiling in Brain Astroglia in the 3xTg Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:441-465. [PMID: 33815876 PMCID: PMC7990369 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments targeting amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have minimal efficacy, which results in a huge unmet medical need worldwide. Accumulating data suggest that brain mitochondrial dysfunction play a critical role in AD pathogenesis. Targeting cellular mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in AD create a novel approach for drug development. This study investigated the effects of nilotinib, as a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in astroglia derived from 3xTg-AD mice versus their C57BL/6-controls. Parameters included oxygen consumption rates (OCR), ATP, cytochrome c oxidase (COX), citrate synthase (CS) activity, alterations in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), key regulators of mitochondrial dynamics (mitofusin (Mfn1), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)), and mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator1-alpha (PGC-1α), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)). Nilotinib increased OCR, ATP, COX, Mfn1, and OXPHOS levels in 3xTg astroglia. No significant differences were detected in levels of Drp1 protein and CS activity. Nilotinib enhanced mitochondrial numbers, potentially through a CaMKII-PGC1α-Nrf2 pathway in 3xTg astroglia. Additionally, nilotinib-induced OCR increases were reduced in the presence of the NF-κB inhibitor, Bay11-7082. The data suggest that NF-κB signaling is intimately involved in nilotinib-induced changes in bioenergetics in 3xTg brain astroglia. Nilotinib increased translocation of the NF-κB p50 subunit into the nucleus of 3xTg astroglia that correlates with an increased expression and activation of NF-κB. The current findings support a role for nilotinib in improving mitochondrial function and suggest that astroglia may be a key therapeutic target in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Adlimoghaddam
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gary G Odero
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gordon Glazner
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,2Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - R Scott Turner
- 3Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- 1Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,2Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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10
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Mukaida N, Tanabe Y, Baba T. Cancer non-stem cells as a potent regulator of tumor microenvironment: a lesson from chronic myeloid leukemia. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:7. [PMID: 35006395 PMCID: PMC8607377 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited subset of human leukemia cells has a self-renewal capacity and can propagate leukemia upon their transplantation into animals, and therefore, are named as leukemia stem cells, in the early 1990’s. Subsequently, cell subpopulations with similar characteristics were detected in various kinds of solid cancers and were denoted as cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are presently presumed to be crucially involved in malignant progression of solid cancer: chemoresitance, radioresistance, immune evasion, and metastasis. On the contrary, less attention has been paid to cancer non-stem cell population, which comprise most cancer cells in cancer tissues, due to the lack of suitable markers to discriminate cancer non-stem cells from cancer stem cells. Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells generate a larger number of morphologically distinct non-stem cells. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that poor prognosis is associated with the increases in these non-stem cells including basophils and megakaryocytes. We will discuss the potential roles of cancer non-stem cells in fostering tumor microenvironment, by illustrating the roles of chronic myeloid leukemia non-stem cells including basophils and megakaryocytes in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia, a typical malignant disorder arising from leukemic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Yamato Tanabe
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Baba
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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11
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Single-Strand Annealing in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042167. [PMID: 33671579 PMCID: PMC7926775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most serious forms of DNA damage. In humans, DSBs are repaired mainly by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination repair (HRR). Single-strand annealing (SSA), another DSB repair system, uses homologous repeats flanking a DSB to join DNA ends and is error-prone, as it removes DNA fragments between repeats along with one repeat. Many DNA deletions observed in cancer cells display homology at breakpoint junctions, suggesting the involvement of SSA. When multiple DSBs occur in different chromosomes, SSA may result in chromosomal translocations, essential in the pathogenesis of many cancers. Inhibition of RAD52 (RAD52 Homolog, DNA Repair Protein), the master regulator of SSA, results in decreased proliferation of BRCA1/2 (BRCA1/2 DNA Repair Associated)-deficient cells, occurring in many hereditary breast and ovarian cancer cases. Therefore, RAD52 may be targeted in synthetic lethality in cancer. SSA may modulate the response to platinum-based anticancer drugs and radiation. SSA may increase the efficacy of the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR associated 9) genome editing and reduce its off-target effect. Several basic problems associated with SSA, including its evolutionary role, interplay with HRR and NHEJ and should be addressed to better understand its role in cancer pathogenesis and therapy.
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12
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Iqbal Z, Absar M, Mahmood A, Aleem A, Iqbal M, Jameel A, Akhtar T, Karim S, Rasool M, Mirza Z, Khalid M, Akram AM, Sabar MF, Khalid AM, Aljarrah K, Iqbal J, Khalid M, Shah IH, Alanazi N. Discovery and Protein Modeling Studies of Novel Compound Mutations Causing Resistance to Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3517-3526. [PMID: 33369447 PMCID: PMC8046299 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE BCR-ABL fusion oncogene is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), causing genomic instability which leads to accumulation of mutations in BCR-ABL as well as other genes. BCR-ABL mutations are the cause of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistance in CML. Recently, compound BCR-ABL mutations have been reported to resist all FDA approved TKIs. Therefore, finding novel compound BCR-ABL mutations can help and clinically manage CML. Therefore, our objective was to find out novel drug-resistant compound BCR-ABL mutations in CML and carry out their protein modelling studies. METHODOLOGY Peripheral blood samples were collected from ten imatinib resistant CML patients receiving nilotinib treatment. BCR-ABL transcript mutations were investigated by employing capillary sequencing. Patient follow-up was carried out using European LeukemiaNet guidelines. Protein modeling studies were carried out for new compound mutations using PyMol to see the effects of mutations at structural level. RESULTS A novel compound mutation (K245N mutation along with G250W mutation) and previously known T351I utation was detected in two of the nilotinib resistance CML patients respectively while in the rest of 8 nilotinib responders, no resistant mutations were detected. Protein modelling studies indicated changes in BCR-ABL mutant protein which may have negatively impacted its binding with nilotinib leading to drug resistance. CONCLUSION We report a novel nilotinib resistant BCR-ABL compound mutation (K245N along with G250W mutation) which impacts structural modification in BCR-ABL mutant protein leading to drug resistance. As compound mutations pose a new threat by causing resistance to all FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors in BCR-ABL+ leukemias, our study opens a new direction for in vitro characterization of novel BCR-ABL compound mutations and their resistant to second generation and third generation TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Hematology Oncology and Pharmacogenetics Engineering Sciences (HOPES) Group, Health Sciences Research Laboratories, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, & University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Absar
- Hematology Oncology and Pharmacogenetics Engineering Sciences (HOPES) Group, Health Sciences Research Laboratories, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, & University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amer Mahmood
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamer Aleem
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- Foreign Faculty, Asian Medical Institute, Kant City, National Surgical Centre, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, and Higher Education Commission Program in "Hematology Oncology and Pharmacogenetics Engineering Sciences (HOPES)", Kyrgyzstan
| | - Abid Jameel
- Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Akhtar
- Hematology Oncology and Pharmacogenetics Engineering Sciences (HOPES) Group, Health Sciences Research Laboratories, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, & University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research & Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research & Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Mirza
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research & Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Afia Muhammad Akram
- Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ahmad M Khalid
- Departments of Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, University of Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Aljarrah
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS)/ KAIMRC/SSBMT, National Guards Health Affairs, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Janhangir Iqbal
- National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Allied Hospital, Punjab Medical College & Sahil Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz H Shah
- Allied Hospital, Punjab Medical College & Sahil Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nawaf Alanazi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS)/ KAIMRC/SSBMT, National Guards Health Affairs, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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13
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Iglesias-Pedraz JM, Fossatti-Jara DM, Valle-Riestra-Felice V, Cruz-Visalaya SR, Ayala Felix JA, Comai L. WRN modulates translation by influencing nuclear mRNA export in HeLa cancer cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:71. [PMID: 33054770 PMCID: PMC7557079 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Werner syndrome protein (WRN) belongs to the RecQ family of helicases and its loss of function results in the premature aging disease Werner syndrome (WS). We previously demonstrated that an early cellular change induced by WRN depletion is a posttranscriptional decrease in the levels of enzymes involved in metabolic pathways that control macromolecular synthesis and protect from oxidative stress. This metabolic shift is tolerated by normal cells but causes mitochondria dysfunction and acute oxidative stress in rapidly growing cancer cells, thereby suppressing their proliferation. RESULTS To identify the mechanism underlying this metabolic shift, we examined global protein synthesis and mRNA nucleocytoplasmic distribution after WRN knockdown. We determined that WRN depletion in HeLa cells attenuates global protein synthesis without affecting the level of key components of the mRNA export machinery. We further observed that WRN depletion affects the nuclear export of mRNAs and demonstrated that WRN interacts with mRNA and the Nuclear RNA Export Factor 1 (NXF1). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that WRN influences the export of mRNAs from the nucleus through its interaction with the NXF1 export receptor thereby affecting cellular proteostasis. In summary, we identified a new partner and a novel function of WRN, which is especially important for the proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Iglesias-Pedraz
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa El Salvador, 15842 Lima, Peru
| | - Diego Matia Fossatti-Jara
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa El Salvador, 15842 Lima, Peru
- Present address: National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valeria Valle-Riestra-Felice
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa El Salvador, 15842 Lima, Peru
| | - Sergio Rafael Cruz-Visalaya
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa El Salvador, 15842 Lima, Peru
| | - Jose Antonio Ayala Felix
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa El Salvador, 15842 Lima, Peru
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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14
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Datta A, Dhar S, Awate S, Brosh RM. Synthetic Lethal Interactions of RECQ Helicases. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:146-161. [PMID: 33041245 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA helicases have risen to the forefront as genome caretakers. Their prominent roles in chromosomal stability are demonstrated by the linkage of mutations in helicase genes to hereditary disorders with defects in DNA repair, the replication stress response, and/or transcriptional activation. Conversely, accumulating evidence suggests that DNA helicases in cancer cells have a network of pathway interactions such that codeficiency of some helicases and their genetically interacting proteins results in synthetic lethality (SL). Such genetic interactions may potentially be exploited for cancer therapies. We discuss the roles of RECQ DNA helicases in cancer, emphasizing some of the more recent developments in SL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Datta
- Section on DNA Helicases, Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Srijita Dhar
- Section on DNA Helicases, Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sanket Awate
- Section on DNA Helicases, Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Section on DNA Helicases, Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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15
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Yanagiya R, Ishikawa D, Toubai T, Ichikawa T, Kawaguchi N, Sugasawa K, Ishizawa K, Saito S. A Rare Chromosome Abnormality with der(16)t(1;16)(q12;q11.2) in Blast Crisis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Case Rep Oncol 2020; 13:1020-1025. [PMID: 32999666 PMCID: PMC7506380 DOI: 10.1159/000509642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors markedly improve the clinical outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), blast crisis in CML (CML-BC) still has a poor prognosis. Many chromosomal abnormalities have been reported in CML-BC and may contribute to therapeutic resistance, disease progression, and prognosis. Herein, we report a rare chromosome abnormality with der(16)t(1;16)(q12;q11.2) in CML-BC. It has been demonstrated that this chromosomal abnormality is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in other malignancies, such as Ewing sarcoma. A 70-year-old man with CML who had been treated with imatinib and dasatinib was admitted to our hospital after complaining for several weeks of fatigue and dyspnea and diagnosed with CML-BC. His tumor cells presented additional chromosomal abnormality with der(16)t(1;16)(q12;q11.2), which has never been reported in CML cases. We successfully treated him using cytotoxic agents combined with ponatinib, and this chromosome abnormality was detected via G-banding. Our patient has lived for over 8 months without any progression with ponatinib treatment alone. Although the biological function of this chromosomal abnormality remains unclear, the satellite DNA of 1q12, which induces genomic instability in other malignancies, and the loss of 16q may contribute to the disease progression of CML in this case. In conclusion, this paper is the first to report on the case of CML-BC with der(16)t(1;16)(q12;q11.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yanagiya
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology (3rd Internal Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nihonkai General Hospital, Sakata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Nihonkai General Hospital, Sakata, Japan
| | - Tomomi Toubai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nihonkai General Hospital, Sakata, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Ichikawa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology (3rd Internal Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nihonkai General Hospital, Sakata, Japan
| | | | - Kunie Sugasawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nihonkai General Hospital, Sakata, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology (3rd Internal Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Soichi Saito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nihonkai General Hospital, Sakata, Japan
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16
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Role of DNA Damage Response in Suppressing Malignant Progression of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Polycythemia Vera: Impact of Different Oncogenes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040903. [PMID: 32272770 PMCID: PMC7226398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and oncogenic signaling, both known to challenge genome stability, are key drivers of BCR-ABL-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and JAK2 V617F-positive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Despite similarities in chronic inflammation and oncogene signaling, major differences in disease course exist. Although BCR-ABL has robust transformation potential, JAK2 V617F-positive polycythemia vera (PV) is characterized by a long and stable latent phase. These differences reflect increased genomic instability of BCR-ABL-positive CML, compared to genome-stable PV with rare cytogenetic abnormalities. Recent studies have implicated BCR-ABL in the development of a "mutator" phenotype fueled by high oxidative damage, deficiencies of DNA repair, and defective ATR-Chk1-dependent genome surveillance, providing a fertile ground for variants compromising the ATM-Chk2-p53 axis protecting chronic phase CML from blast crisis. Conversely, PV cells possess multiple JAK2 V617F-dependent protective mechanisms, which ameliorate replication stress, inflammation-mediated oxidative stress and stress-activated protein kinase signaling, all through up-regulation of RECQL5 helicase, reactive oxygen species buffering system, and DUSP1 actions. These attenuators of genome instability then protect myeloproliferative progenitors from DNA damage and create a barrier preventing cellular stress-associated myelofibrosis. Therefore, a better understanding of BCR-ABL and JAK2 V617F roles in the DNA damage response and disease pathophysiology can help to identify potential dependencies exploitable for therapeutic interventions.
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17
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Mechanisms of Disease Progression and Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246141. [PMID: 31817512 PMCID: PMC6940932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, which encodes a constitutive active tyrosine kinase considered to be the pathogenic driver capable of initiating and maintaining the disease. Despite the remarkable efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting BCR-ABL1, some patients may not respond (primary resistance) or may relapse after an initial response (secondary resistance). In a small proportion of cases, development of resistance is accompanied or shortly followed by progression from chronic to blastic phase (BP), characterized by a dismal prognosis. Evolution from CP into BP is a multifactorial and probably multistep phenomenon. Increase in BCR-ABL1 transcript levels is thought to promote the onset of secondary chromosomal or genetic defects, induce differentiation arrest, perturb RNA transcription, editing and translation that together with epigenetic and metabolic changes may ultimately lead to the expansion of highly proliferating, differentiation-arrested malignant cells. A multitude of studies over the past two decades have investigated the mechanisms underlying the closely intertwined phenomena of drug resistance and disease progression. Here, we provide an update on what is currently known on the mechanisms underlying progression and present the latest acquisitions on BCR-ABL1-independent resistance and leukemia stem cell persistence.
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18
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Guio H, Poterico JA, Levano KS, Cornejo‐Olivas M, Mazzetti P, Manassero‐Morales G, Ugarte‐Gil MF, Acevedo‐Vásquez E, Dueñas‐Roque M, Piscoya A, Fujita R, Sanchez C, Casavilca‐Zambrano S, Jaramillo‐Valverde L, Sullcahuaman‐Allende Y, Iglesias‐Pedraz JM, Abarca‐Barriga H. Genetics and genomics in Peru: Clinical and research perspective. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:873-886. [PMID: 30584990 PMCID: PMC6305655 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peruvians currently preserve in their DNA the history of 2.5 million years of human evolution and 150,000 years of migration from Africa to Peru or the Americas. The development of Genetics and Genomics in the clinical and academic field is shown in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinner Guio
- Instituto Nacional de Salud del PerúLimaPerú
- Universidad Científica del SurLimaPerú
| | - Julio A. Poterico
- Instituto Nacional de Salud del PerúLimaPerú
- Servicio de GenéticaInstituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja (INSN‐SB)LimaPeru
| | | | - Mario Cornejo‐Olivas
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias NeurológicasLimaPerú
| | - Pilar Mazzetti
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias NeurológicasLimaPerú
- School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPerú
| | | | - Manuel F. Ugarte‐Gil
- Universidad Científica del SurLimaPerú
- Rheumatology Department. Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. EsSaludLimaPerú
| | - Eduardo Acevedo‐Vásquez
- School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPerú
- Clínica San FelipeLimaPerú
| | - Milagros Dueñas‐Roque
- Servicio de GenéticaHospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati MartinsLimaPerú
- Sociedad de Genética Médica del PerúLimaPeru
| | - Alejandro Piscoya
- Universidad San Ignacio de LoyolaLimaPerú
- Hospital Guillermo Kaelin de la FuenteLimaPerú
| | - Ricardo Fujita
- Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular, Universidad de San Martín de PorresLimaPerú
| | | | - Sandro Casavilca‐Zambrano
- Banco de Tejidos Tumorales, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplásicasBanco de Tejidos TumoralesLimaPerú
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplásicasLimaPerú
| | | | | | - Juan M. Iglesias‐Pedraz
- Universidad Científica del SurLimaPerú
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo e InnovaciónUniversidad Científica del SurLimaPerú
| | - Hugo Abarca‐Barriga
- Servicio de Genética & EIMInstituto Nacional de Salud del Niño Breña (INSN)LimaPeru
- Facultad de EstomatologíaUniversidad Científica del SurLimaPerú
- Facultad de Medicina HumanaUniversidad Ricardo PalmaLimaPerú
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19
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Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Maifrede S, Le BV, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Piwocka K, Skorski T. PARP1 inhibitor eliminated imatinib-refractory chronic myeloid leukemia cells in bone marrow microenvironment conditions. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:262-264. [PMID: 29932782 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1471602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Podszywalow-Bartnicka
- a Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Laboratory of Cytometry , Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Silvia Maifrede
- a Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Bac Viet Le
- a Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Laboratory of Cytometry , Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- a Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- b Laboratory of Cytometry , Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- a Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Nieborowska-Skorska M, Sullivan K, Dasgupta Y, Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Hoser G, Maifrede S, Martinez E, Di Marcantonio D, Bolton-Gillespie E, Cramer-Morales K, Lee J, Li M, Slupianek A, Gritsyuk D, Cerny-Reiterer S, Seferynska I, Stoklosa T, Bullinger L, Zhao H, Gorbunova V, Piwocka K, Valent P, Civin CI, Muschen M, Dick JE, Wang JC, Bhatia S, Bhatia R, Eppert K, Minden MD, Sykes SM, Skorski T. Gene expression and mutation-guided synthetic lethality eradicates proliferating and quiescent leukemia cells. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2392-2406. [PMID: 28481221 DOI: 10.1172/jci90825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent and proliferating leukemia cells accumulate highly lethal DNA double-strand breaks that are repaired by 2 major mechanisms: BRCA-dependent homologous recombination and DNA-dependent protein kinase-mediated (DNA-PK-mediated) nonhomologous end-joining, whereas DNA repair pathways mediated by poly(ADP)ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) serve as backups. Here we have designed a personalized medicine approach called gene expression and mutation analysis (GEMA) to identify BRCA- and DNA-PK-deficient leukemias either directly, using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, microarrays, and flow cytometry, or indirectly, by the presence of oncogenes such as BCR-ABL1. DNA-PK-deficient quiescent leukemia cells and BRCA/DNA-PK-deficient proliferating leukemia cells were sensitive to PARP1 inhibitors that were administered alone or in combination with current antileukemic drugs. In conclusion, GEMA-guided targeting of PARP1 resulted in dual cellular synthetic lethality in quiescent and proliferating immature leukemia cells, and is thus a potential approach to eradicate leukemia stem and progenitor cells that are responsible for initiation and manifestation of the disease. Further, an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database indicated that this personalized medicine approach could also be applied to treat numerous solid tumors from individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Sullivan
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yashodhara Dasgupta
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Grazyna Hoser
- The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Silvia Maifrede
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Esteban Martinez
- Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniela Di Marcantonio
- Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elisabeth Bolton-Gillespie
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly Cramer-Morales
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaewong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Artur Slupianek
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Gritsyuk
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Medical University of Vienna and Ludwig Boltzmann-Cluster Oncology, and Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilona Seferynska
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Peter Valent
- Medical University of Vienna and Ludwig Boltzmann-Cluster Oncology, and Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Curt I Civin
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Markus Muschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Cy Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kolja Eppert
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen M Sykes
- Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Yin XF, Wang JH, Li X, Yu MX, Ma ZX, Jin J. Incidence of Second Malignancies of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia During Treatment With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 16:577-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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The Philadelphia chromosome in leukemogenesis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:48. [PMID: 27233483 PMCID: PMC4896164 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The truncated chromosome 22 that results from the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) is known as the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) and is a hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In leukemia cells, Ph not only impairs the physiological signaling pathways but also disrupts genomic stability. This aberrant fusion gene encodes the breakpoint cluster region-proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (BCR-ABL1) oncogenic protein with persistently enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. The kinase activity is responsible for maintaining proliferation, inhibiting differentiation, and conferring resistance to cell death. During the progression of CML from the chronic phase to the accelerated phase and then to the blast phase, the expression patterns of different BCR-ABL1 transcripts vary. Each BCR-ABL1 transcript is present in a distinct leukemia phenotype, which predicts both response to therapy and clinical outcome. Besides CML, the Ph is found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and mixed-phenotype acute leukemia. Here, we provide an overview of the clinical presentation and cellular biology of different phenotypes of Ph-positive leukemia and highlight key findings regarding leukemogenesis.
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23
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Czarnecka AM, Oborska S, Rzepecki P, Szczylik C. Development of chronic myeloid leukaemia in patients treated with anti-VEGF therapies for clear cell renal cell cancer. Future Oncol 2015; 11:17-26. [PMID: 24953672 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are novel therapies targeting specific cellular signalling pathways. Sunitinib and sorafenib primarily block tyrosine kinase receptors involved in the progression of many tumours, including clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC). Although developed to target selected receptors, it is becoming apparent that they inhibit other kinases; this may result in the development of unexpected side effects. This is potentially dangerous as kinases on noncancerous cells are also inhibited. TKI off-target effects contributing to cardiotoxicity, hypothyroidism, hypertension, fatigue, hair depigmentation, hand-foot syndrome and gastrointestinal perforation have been described. We report three patients (3/412) treated with sunitinib and sorafenib who developed chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) during treatment for ccRCC, proposing a molecular mechanism of tyrosine kinase inhibitors action on bone marrow cells that might be co-responsible for CML development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Wu J, Starr S. Low-fidelity compensatory backup alternative DNA repair pathways may unify current carcinogenesis theories. Future Oncol 2015; 10:1239-53. [PMID: 24947263 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The somatic mutation carcinogenesis theory has dominated for decades. The alternative theory, tissue organization field theory, argues that the development of cancer is determined by the surrounding microenvironment. However, neither theory can explain all features of cancer. As cancers share the features of uncontrolled proliferation and genomic instability, they are likely to have the same pathogenesis. It has been found that various DNA repair pathways within a cell crosstalk with one another, forming a DNA repair network. When one DNA repair pathways is defective, the others may work as compensatory backups. The latter pathways are explored for synthetic lethal anticancer therapy. In this article, we extend the concept of compensatory alternative DNA repair to unify the theories. We propose that the microenvironmental stress can activate low-fidelity compensatory alternative DNA repair, causing mutations. If the mutation occurs to a DNA repair gene, this secondarily mutated gene can lead to even more mutated genes, including those related to other DNA repair pathways, eventually destabilizing the genome. Therefore, the low-fidelity compensatory alternative DNA repair may mediate microenvironment-dependent carcinogenesis. The proposal seems consistent with the view of evolution: the environmental stress causes mutations to adapt to the changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Wu
- Central Laboratories, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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25
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Czubatka A, Sarnik J, Lucent D, Blasiak J, Witczak ZJ, Poplawski T. A novel carbohydrate derived compound FCP5 causes DNA strand breaks and oxidative modifications of DNA bases in cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 227:77-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Futami K, Furuichi Y. RECQL1 and WRN DNA repair helicases: potential therapeutic targets and proliferative markers against cancers. Front Genet 2015; 5:441. [PMID: 25620975 PMCID: PMC4288340 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQL1 and WRN helicases in the human RecQ helicase family participate in maintaining genome stability, DNA repair, replication, and recombination pathways in the cell cycle. They are expressed highly in rapidly proliferating cells and tumor cells, suggesting that they have important roles in the replication of a genome. Although mice deficient in these helicases are indistinguishable from wild-type mice, their embryonic fibroblasts are sensitive to DNA damage. In tumor cells, silencing the expression of RECQL1 or WRN helicase by RNA interference induces mitotic catastrophe that eventually kills tumor cells at the mitosis stage of the cell cycle. By contrast, the same gene silencing by cognate small RNA (siRNA) never kills normal cells, although cell growth is slightly delayed. These findings indicate that RECQL1 and WRN helicases are ideal molecular targets for cancer therapy. The molecular mechanisms underlying these events has been studied extensively, which may help development of anticancer drugs free from adverse effects by targeting DNA repair helicases RECQL1 and WRN. As expected, the anticancer activity of conventional genotoxic drugs is significantly augmented by combined treatment with RECQL1- or WRN-siRNAs that prevents DNA repair in cancer cells. In this review, we focus on studies that clarified the mechanisms that lead to the specific killing of cancer cells and introduce efforts to develop anticancer RecQ-siRNA drugs free from adverse effects.
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27
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Cha HJ, Lee DB, Jung HN, Choi YS, Suh HS. Investigation of Werner protein as an early DNA damage response in actinic keratosis, Bowen disease and squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:564-9. [PMID: 25545408 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Werner protein (WRN) has DNA helicase activity and participates in recombination, replication and repair of DNA. Loss-of-function mutations in WRN gives rise to genetic instability and diseases such as premature ageing and cancer. Upregulation of WRN promotes proliferation and survival of cancer cells. AIM To evaluate the expression pattern of WRN in closely related skin cancers and their correlation with age, sex and UV exposure. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate expression of WRN in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue specimens of 9 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 15 actinic keratosis (AK), 11 Bowen disease (BD) and 11 normal-appearing peripheral tissue samples, obtained from patients during surgical resections. RESULTS WRN expression was significantly increased in BD, AK and SCC compared with normal controls, with the mean WRN staining score being highest in BD, followed by AK and SCC. However, age, sex and sun exposure were not associated with WRN expression. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report to date investigating the expression of WRN in skin cancers. The overtly high expression of WRN in premalignant lesions and in in situ cancer, with relatively low WRN expression in SCC, may indicate that WRN contributes as a checkpoint for early DNA damage response in skin tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Cha
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - D B Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H N Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Y S Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - H S Suh
- Department of Dermatology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
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28
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Keijzers G, Maynard S, Shamanna RA, Rasmussen LJ, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. The role of RecQ helicases in non-homologous end-joining. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 49:463-72. [PMID: 25048400 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.942450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks are highly toxic DNA lesions that cause genomic instability, if not efficiently repaired. RecQ helicases are a family of highly conserved proteins that maintain genomic stability through their important roles in several DNA repair pathways, including DNA double-strand break repair. Double-strand breaks can be repaired by homologous recombination (HR) using sister chromatids as templates to facilitate precise DNA repair, or by an HR-independent mechanism known as non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) (error-prone). NHEJ is a non-templated DNA repair process, in which DNA termini are directly ligated. Canonical NHEJ requires DNA-PKcs and Ku70/80, while alternative NHEJ pathways are DNA-PKcs and Ku70/80 independent. This review discusses the role of RecQ helicases in NHEJ, alternative (or back-up) NHEJ (B-NHEJ) and microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) in V(D)J recombination, class switch recombination and telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Keijzers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark and
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29
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Jabbour EJ, Hughes TP, Cortés JE, Kantarjian HM, Hochhaus A. Potential mechanisms of disease progression and management of advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:1451-62. [PMID: 24050507 PMCID: PMC4186697 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.845883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite vast improvements in the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase (CP), advanced stages of CML, accelerated phase or blast crisis, remain notoriously difficult to treat. Treatments that are highly effective against CML-CP produce disappointing results against advanced disease. Therefore, a primary goal of therapy should be to maintain patients in CP for as long as possible, by (1) striving for deep, early molecular response to treatment; (2) using tyrosine kinase inhibitors that lower risk of disease progression; and (3) more closely observing patients who demonstrate cytogenetic risk factors at diagnosis or during treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Blast Crisis/diagnosis
- Blast Crisis/etiology
- Blast Crisis/therapy
- Disease Management
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Accelerated Phase/etiology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias J. Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Timothy P. Hughes
- Department of Hematology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jorge E. Cortés
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hagop M. Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Abteilung Hämatologie/Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
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30
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Li B, Iglesias‐Pedraz JM, Chen L, Yin F, Cadenas E, Reddy S, Comai L. Downregulation of the Werner syndrome protein induces a metabolic shift that compromises redox homeostasis and limits proliferation of cancer cells. Aging Cell 2014; 13:367-78. [PMID: 24757718 PMCID: PMC3999508 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Werner syndrome protein (WRN) is a nuclear protein required for cell growth and proliferation. Loss-of-function mutations in the Werner syndrome gene are associated with the premature onset of age-related diseases. How loss of WRN limits cell proliferation and induces replicative senescence is poorly understood. Here, we show that WRN depletion leads to a striking metabolic shift that coordinately weakens the pathways that generate reducing equivalents for detoxification of reactive oxygen species and increases mitochondrial respiration. In cancer cells, this metabolic shift counteracts the Warburg effect, a defining characteristic of many malignant cells, resulting in altered redox balance and accumulation of oxidative DNA damage that inhibits cell proliferation and induces a senescence-like phenotype. Consistent with these findings, supplementation with antioxidant rescues at least in part cell proliferation and decreases senescence in WRN-knockdown cancer cells. These results demonstrate that WRN plays a critical role in cancer cell proliferation by contributing to the Warburg effect and preventing metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomin Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
| | - Juan Manuel Iglesias‐Pedraz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
| | - Leng‐Ying Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
| | - Sita Reddy
- Institute for Genetic Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089USA
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Farooqi AA, Nawaz A, Javed Z, Bhatti S, Ismail M. While at Rome miRNA and TRAIL do whatever BCR-ABL commands to do. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 61:59-74. [PMID: 23229677 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is a well-acclaimed fact that proteins expressed as a consequence of oncogenic fusions, mutations or amplifications can facilitate ectopic protein-protein interactions that re-wire signal dissemination pathways, in a manner that escalates malignancy. BCR-ABL-mediated signal transduction cascades in leukemic cells are assembled and modulated by a finely controlled network of protein-protein interactions, mediated by characteristic signaling domains and their respective binding motifs. BCR-ABL functions in a cell context-specific and cell type-specific manner to integrate signals that affect uncontrolled cellular proliferation. In this review, we draw attention to the recent progress made in outlining resistance against TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and diametrically opposed roles of miRNAs in BCR-ABL-positive leukemic cells. BCR-ABL governs carcinogenesis through well-organized web of antiapoptotic proteins and over-expressed oncomirs which target death receptors and pro-apoptotic genes. Set of oncomirs which inversely correlate with expression of TRAIL via suppression of SMAD is an important dimension which is gradually gaining attention of the researchers. Contrary to this, some current findings show a new role of BCR-ABL in nucleus with spotlight on apoptosis. It seems obvious that genetic heterogeneity of leukemias poses therapeutic challenges, and pharmacological agents that target components of the cancer promoting nano-machinery still need broad experimental validation to be considered competent as a component of the therapeutic arsenal for this group of diseases. Rapidly developing technologies are empowering us to explain the molecular "nature" of a patient and/or tumor and with this integration of personalized medicine, with maximized efficacy, cost effectiveness will hopefully improve survival chances of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College (RLMC), Lahore, Pakistan.
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32
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BCR-ABL1 kinase inhibits uracil DNA glycosylase UNG2 to enhance oxidative DNA damage and stimulate genomic instability. Leukemia 2012; 27:629-34. [PMID: 23047475 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP). Unfortunately, 25% of TKI-naive patients and 50-90% of patients developing TKI-resistance carry CML clones expressing TKI-resistant BCR-ABL1 kinase mutants. We reported that CML-CP leukemia stem and progenitor cell populations accumulate high amounts of reactive oxygen species, which may result in accumulation of uracil derivatives in genomic DNA. Unfaithful and/or inefficient repair of these lesions generates TKI-resistant point mutations in BCR-ABL1 kinase. Using an array of specific substrates and inhibitors/blocking antibodies we found that uracil DNA glycosylase UNG2 were inhibited in BCR-ABL1-transformed cell lines and CD34(+) CML cells. The inhibitory effect was not accompanied by downregulation of nuclear expression and/or chromatin association of UNG2. The effect was BCR-ABL1 kinase-specific because several other fusion tyrosine kinases did not reduce UNG2 activity. Using UNG2-specific inhibitor UGI, we found that reduction of UNG2 activity increased the number of uracil derivatives in genomic DNA detected by modified comet assay and facilitated accumulation of ouabain-resistant point mutations in reporter gene Na(+)/K(+)ATPase. In conclusion, we postulate that BCR-ABL1 kinase-mediated inhibition of UNG2 contributes to accumulation of point mutations responsible for TKI resistance causing the disease relapse, and perhaps also other point mutations facilitating malignant progression of CML.
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33
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Muvarak N, Nagaria P, Rassool FV. Genomic instability in chronic myeloid leukemia: targets for therapy? Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2012; 7:94-102. [PMID: 22427031 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-012-0119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Philadelphia positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the occurrence of nonrandom genetic and cytogenetic abnormalities during disease progression. Many of these abnormalities are markers for genes which, when altered, can drive the blastic transformation process. Thus, such genetic alterations may be manifestations of an underlying genomic instability resulting from a compromised DNA damage and repair response, leading to advanced stages of CML and resistance to therapy. This article examines the molecular pathways that may lead to genomic instability in CML and the potential of these pathway constituents to be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Muvarak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21230, USA
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34
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Thompson LH. Recognition, signaling, and repair of DNA double-strand breaks produced by ionizing radiation in mammalian cells: the molecular choreography. Mutat Res 2012; 751:158-246. [PMID: 22743550 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The faithful maintenance of chromosome continuity in human cells during DNA replication and repair is critical for preventing the conversion of normal diploid cells to an oncogenic state. The evolution of higher eukaryotic cells endowed them with a large genetic investment in the molecular machinery that ensures chromosome stability. In mammalian and other vertebrate cells, the elimination of double-strand breaks with minimal nucleotide sequence change involves the spatiotemporal orchestration of a seemingly endless number of proteins ranging in their action from the nucleotide level to nucleosome organization and chromosome architecture. DNA DSBs trigger a myriad of post-translational modifications that alter catalytic activities and the specificity of protein interactions: phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation, followed by the reversal of these changes as repair is completed. "Superfluous" protein recruitment to damage sites, functional redundancy, and alternative pathways ensure that DSB repair is extremely efficient, both quantitatively and qualitatively. This review strives to integrate the information about the molecular mechanisms of DSB repair that has emerged over the last two decades with a focus on DSBs produced by the prototype agent ionizing radiation (IR). The exponential growth of molecular studies, heavily driven by RNA knockdown technology, now reveals an outline of how many key protein players in genome stability and cancer biology perform their interwoven tasks, e.g. ATM, ATR, DNA-PK, Chk1, Chk2, PARP1/2/3, 53BP1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BLM, RAD51, and the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex. Thus, the nature of the intricate coordination of repair processes with cell cycle progression is becoming apparent. This review also links molecular abnormalities to cellular pathology as much a possible and provides a framework of temporal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry H Thompson
- Biology & Biotechnology Division, L452, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551-0808, United States.
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Griaud F, Williamson AJK, Taylor S, Potier DN, Spooncer E, Pierce A, Whetton AD. BCR/ABL modulates protein phosphorylation associated with the etoposide-induced DNA damage response. J Proteomics 2012; 77:14-26. [PMID: 22705319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BCR/ABL expression is the key characteristic of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The progression of CML is associated with genomic instability. Systematic analysis of DNA damage signalling in the presence of BCR/ABL thus offers opportunities to identify mechanisms of leukaemic progression. We therefore undertook a quantitative phosphoproteomics study to test whether BCR/ABL expression could globally affect the response to genotoxic stress signalling. Etoposide-induced DNA damage was chosen and the concentration and time of exposure determined such that apoptosis was not associated with the study. More than 1100 phosphoentities were identified. BCR/ABL was shown to significantly alter the response to etoposide in many cases. These include sites on MDC1, a key component of DNA repair, and Hemogen. Hemogen is a transcriptional target of HOXB4 and GATA1, two transcription factors involved in haemopoietic development, and is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukaemia. To validate Hemogen phosphorylation, absolute quantification using an isotopomeric standard and selected reaction monitoring was performed. This revealed a strong correlation with isobaric tagging data and offering quantification at about 10 fmol per million cells. Furthermore we found that multiple protein phosphorylation changes mediated by BCR/ABL were connected to the increased activation of NFκB, a key survival transcription factor, after etoposide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Griaud
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Manchester Academic Health, Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Wolfson Molecular Imaging, Centre, 27 Palatine Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
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36
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Nieborowska-Skorska M, Kopinski PK, Ray R, Hoser G, Ngaba D, Flis S, Cramer K, Reddy MM, Koptyra M, Penserga T, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Bolton E, Holyoake TL, Eaves CJ, Cerny-Reiterer S, Valent P, Hochhaus A, Hughes TP, van der Kuip H, Sattler M, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W, Richardson C, Dorrance A, Stoklosa T, Williams DA, Skorski T. Rac2-MRC-cIII-generated ROS cause genomic instability in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells and primitive progenitors. Blood 2012; 119:4253-63. [PMID: 22411871 PMCID: PMC3359741 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-10-385658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) is induced by BCR-ABL1 oncogenic tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors eliminate the bulk of CML-CP cells, but fail to eradicate leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and leukemia progenitor cells (LPCs) displaying innate and acquired resistance, respectively. These cells may accumulate genomic instability, leading to disease relapse and/or malignant progression to a fatal blast phase. In the present study, we show that Rac2 GTPase alters mitochondrial membrane potential and electron flow through the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III (MRC-cIII), thereby generating high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CML-CP LSCs and primitive LPCs. MRC-cIII-generated ROS promote oxidative DNA damage to trigger genomic instability, resulting in an accumulation of chromosomal aberrations and tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant BCR-ABL1 mutants. JAK2(V617F) and FLT3(ITD)-positive polycythemia vera cells and acute myeloid leukemia cells also produce ROS via MRC-cIII. In the present study, inhibition of Rac2 by genetic deletion or a small-molecule inhibitor and down-regulation of mitochondrial ROS by disruption of MRC-cIII, expression of mitochondria-targeted catalase, or addition of ROS-scavenging mitochondria-targeted peptide aptamer reduced genomic instability. We postulate that the Rac2-MRC-cIII pathway triggers ROS-mediated genomic instability in LSCs and primitive LPCs, which could be targeted to prevent the relapse and malignant progression of CML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Catalase/metabolism
- DNA Damage
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Electron Transport
- Electron Transport Complex III/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
- Methacrylates/pharmacology
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Polycythemia Vera/metabolism
- Polycythemia Vera/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology
- RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia stem and progenitor cells demonstrate chromosomal instability related to repeated breakage-fusion-bridge cycles mediated by increased nonhomologous end joining. Blood 2012; 119:6187-97. [PMID: 22493298 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-352252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations are an important consequence of genotoxic exposure and contribute to pathogenesis and progression of several malignancies. We investigated the susceptibility to chromosomal aberrations in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) progenitors after exposure to ionizing radiation. In normal progenitors, ionizing radiation induced both stable and unstable chromosomal lesions, but only stable aberrations persisted after multiple divisions. In contrast, radiation of chronic phase CML progenitors resulted in enhanced generation of unstable lesions that persisted after multiple divisions. CML progenitors demonstrated active cell cycle checkpoints and increased nonhomologous end joining DNA repair, suggesting that persistence of unstable aberrations was the result of continued generation of these lesions. CML progenitors demonstrated enhanced susceptibility to repeated cycles of chromosome damage, repair, and damage through a breakage-fusion-bridge mechanism. Perpetuation of breakage-fusion-bridge cycles in CML progenitors was mediated by classic nonhomologous end joining repair. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of chromosomal instability in leukemia progenitors because of continued generation of unstable chromosomal lesions through repeated cycles of breakage and repair of such lesions.
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Cheng WH, Wu RTY, Wu M, Rocourt CRB, Carrillo JA, Song J, Bohr CT, Tzeng TJ. Targeting Werner syndrome protein sensitizes U-2 OS osteosarcoma cells to selenium-induced DNA damage response and necrotic death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 420:24-8. [PMID: 22390926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the Werner syndrome protein (WRN), a caretaker of the genome, result in Werner syndrome, which is characterized by premature aging phenotypes and cancer predisposition. Methylseleninic acid (MSeA) can activate DNA damage responses and is a superior compound to suppress tumorigenesis in mouse models of cancer. To test the hypothesis that targeting WRN can potentiate selenium toxicity in cancer cells, isogenic WRN small hairpin RNA (shRNA) and control shRNA U-2 OS osteosarcoma cells were treated with MSeA for 2d, followed by recovery for up to 7d. WRN deficiency sensitized U-2 OS cells to MSeA-induced necrotic death. Co-treatment with the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitor KU55933 desensitized the control shRNA cells, but not WRN shRNA cells, to MSeA treatment. WRN did not affect MSeA-induced ATM phosphorylation on Ser-1981 or H2A.X phosphorylation on Ser-139, but promoted recovery from the MSeA-induced DNA damage. Taken together, WRN protects U-2 OS osteosarcoma cells against MSeA-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting that oxidative DNA repair pathway is a promising target for improving the efficacy of selenium on tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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39
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Bucur O, Stancu AL, Khosravi-Far R, Almasan A. Analysis of apoptosis methods recently used in Cancer Research and Cell Death & Disease publications. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e263. [PMID: 22297295 PMCID: PMC3288344 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of molecules produced in the cell through metabolism of oxygen. Endogenous ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have long been recognised as destructive molecules. The well-established roles they have in the phagosome and genomic instability has led to the characterisation of these molecules as non-specific agents of destruction. Interestingly, there is a growing body of literature suggesting a less sinister role for this Jekyll and Hyde molecule. It is now evident that at lower physiological levels, H2O2 can act as a classical intracellular signalling molecule regulating kinase-driven pathways. The newly discovered biological functions attributed to ROS include proliferation, migration, anoikis, survival and autophagy. Furthermore, recent advances in detection and quantification of ROS-family members have revealed that the diverse functions of ROS can be determined by the subcellular source, location and duration of these molecules within the cell. In light of this confounding paradox, we will examine the factors and circumstances that determine whether H2O2 acts in a pro-survival or deleterious manner.
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Fiskus W, Verstovsek S, Manshouri T, Rao R, Balusu R, Venkannagari S, Rao NN, Ha K, Smith JE, Hembruff SL, Abhyankar S, McGuirk J, Bhalla KN. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitor is synergistic with JAK2 inhibitor and overcomes resistance to JAK2-TKI in human myeloproliferative neoplasm cells. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7347-58. [PMID: 21976548 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined the activity of hsp90 inhibitor, and/or Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), against JAK2-V617F-expressing cultured mouse (Ba/F3-JAK2-V617F) and human (HEL92.1.7 and UKE-1) or primary human CD34(+) myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Following exposure to the hsp90 inhibitor AUY922 and/or JAK2-TKI TG101209, the levels of JAK2-V617F, its downstream signaling proteins, as well as apoptosis were determined. RESULTS Treatment with AUY922 induced proteasomal degradation and depletion of JAK2-V617F as well as attenuated the signaling proteins downstream of JAK2-V617F, that is, phospho (p)-STAT5, p-AKT, and p-ERK1/2. AUY922 treatment also induced apoptosis of HEL92.1.7, UKE-1, and Ba/F3-hJAK2-V617F cells. Combined treatment with AUY922 and TG101209 caused greater depletion of the signaling proteins than either agent alone and synergistically induced apoptosis of HEL92.1.7 and UKE-1 cells. Cotreatment with AUY922 and TG101209 also induced significantly more apoptosis of human CD34(+) MPN than normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. As compared with the sensitive controls, JAK2-TKI-resistant HEL/TGR and UKE-1/TGR cells exhibited significantly higher IC(50) values for JAK2-TKI (P < 0.001), which was associated with higher expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT5, p-AKT, and Bcl-xL, but reduced levels of BIM. Unlike the sensitive controls, HEL/TGR and UKE/TGR cells were collaterally sensitive to the hsp90 inhibitors AUY922 and 17-AAG, accompanied by marked reduction in p-JAK2, p-STAT5, p-AKT, and Bcl-xL, with concomitant induction of BIM. CONCLUSIONS Findings presented here show that cotreatment with hsp90 inhibitor and JAK2-TKI exerts synergistic activity against cultured and primary MPN cells. In addition, treatment with hsp90 inhibitor may overcome resistance to JAK2-TKI in human MPN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Fiskus
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, USA
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42
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Virgili A, Koptyra M, Dasgupta Y, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Stoklosa T, Nacheva EP, Skorski T. Imatinib sensitivity in BCR-ABL1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia cells is regulated by the remaining normal ABL1 allele. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5381-6. [PMID: 21693657 PMCID: PMC3156347 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) cells that harbor oncogenic BCR-ABL1 and normal ABL1 allele often become resistant to the ABL1 kinase inhibitor imatinib. Here, we report that loss of the remaining normal ABL1 allele in these tumors, which results from cryptic interstitial deletion in 9q34 in patients who did not achieve a complete cytogenetic remission (CCyR) during treatment, engenders a novel unexpected mechanism of imatinib resistance. BCR-ABL1-positive Abl1(-/-) leukemia cells were refractory to imatinib as indicated by persistent BCR-ABL1-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation, lack of BCR-ABL1 protein degradation, increased cell survival, and clonogenic activity. Expression of ABL1 kinase, but not a kinase-dead mutant, restored the antileukemic effects of imatinib in ABL1-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells and in BCR-ABL1-positive Abl1(-/-) murine leukemia cells. The intracellular concentration of imatinib and expression of its transporters were not affected, although proteins involved in BCR-ABL1 degradation were downregulated in Abl1(-/-) cells. Furthermore, 12 genes associated with imatinib resistance were favorably deregulated in Abl1(-/-) leukemia. Taken together, our results indicate that loss of the normal ABL1 kinase may serve as a key prognostic factor that exerts major impact on CML treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Virgili
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Academic Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yashodhara Dasgupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elisabeth P. Nacheva
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Academic Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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43
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Sardina JL, López-Ruano G, Sánchez-Sánchez B, Llanillo M, Hernández-Hernández A. Reactive oxygen species: are they important for haematopoiesis? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 81:257-74. [PMID: 21507675 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has traditionally been related to deleterious effects for cells. However, it is now widely accepted that ROS can play an important role in regulating cellular signalling and gene expression. NADPH oxidase ROS production seems to be especially important in this regard. Some lines of evidence suggest that ROS may be important modulators of cell differentiation, including haematopoietic differentiation, in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Here we shall review how ROS can regulate cell signalling and gene expression. We shall also focus on the importance of ROS for haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology and for haematopoietic differentiation. We shall review the involvement of ROS and NADPH oxidases in cancer, and in particular what is known about the relationship between ROS and haematological malignancies. Finally, we shall discuss the use of ROS as cancer therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Sardina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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