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Delaveris CS, Kong S, Glasgow J, Loudermilk RP, Kirkemo LL, Zhao F, Salangsang F, Phojanakong P, Camara Serrano JA, Steri V, Wells JA. Chemoproteomics reveals immunogenic and tumor-associated cell surface substrates of ectokinase CK2α. Cell Chem Biol 2024:S2451-9456(24)00320-9. [PMID: 39178841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Foreign epitopes for immune recognition provide the basis of anticancer immunity. Due to the high concentration of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in the tumor microenvironment, we hypothesized that extracellular kinases (ectokinases) could have dysregulated activity and introduce aberrant phosphorylation sites on cell surface proteins. We engineered a cell-tethered version of the extracellular kinase CK2α, demonstrated it was active on cells under tumor-relevant conditions, and profiled its substrate scope using a chemoproteomic workflow. We then demonstrated that mice developed polyreactive antisera in response to syngeneic tumor cells that had been subjected to surface hyperphosphorylation with CK2α. Interestingly, these mice developed B cell and CD4+ T cell responses in response to these antigens but failed to develop a CD8+ T cell response. This work provides a workflow for probing the extracellular phosphoproteome and demonstrates that extracellular phosphoproteins are immunogenic even in a syngeneic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corleone S Delaveris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sophie Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeff Glasgow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rita P Loudermilk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lisa L Kirkemo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fangzhu Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fernando Salangsang
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Paul Phojanakong
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Juan Antonio Camara Serrano
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Veronica Steri
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Xu L, Mi Y, Meng Q, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Chen G, Liu Y, Hou Y. A quinolinyl resveratrol derivative alleviates acute ischemic stroke injury by promoting mitophagy for neuroprotection via targeting CK2α'. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112524. [PMID: 38909494 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious threat to human health. The naturally derived small molecule (E)-5-(2-(quinolin-4-yl) ethenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (RV01) is a quinolinyl analog of resveratrol with great potential in the treatment of IS. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanisms and targets for the protective effect of the RV01 on IS. The mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) models were employed to evaluate the effects of RV01 on ischemic injury and neuroprotection. RV01 was found to significantly increase the survival of SH-SY5Y cells and prevent OGD/R-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, RV01 reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by promoting mitophagy in OGD/R-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. Knockdown of CK2α' abolished the RV01-mediated promotion on mitophagy and alleviation on mitochondrial damage as well as neuronal injury after OGD/R. These results were further confirmed by molecular docking, drug affinity responsive target stability and cellular thermal shift assay analysis. Importantly, in vivo study showed that treatment with the CK2α' inhibitor CX-4945 abolished the RV01-mediated alleviation of cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, cerebral blood flow and neurological deficit in MCAO/R mice. These data suggest that RV01 effectively reduces damage caused by acute ischemic stroke by promoting mitophagy through its interaction with CK2α'. These findings offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms through which RV01 exerts its therapeutic effects on IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingqi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yeshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Science and Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.
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3
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Mudaliar D, Mansky RH, White A, Baudhuin G, Hawkinson J, Wong H, Walters MA, Gomez-Pastor R. Discovery of a CK2α'-Biased ATP-Competitive Inhibitor from a High-Throughput Screen of an Allosteric-Inhibitor-Like Compound Library. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2703-2718. [PMID: 38908003 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is a holoenzyme composed of two regulatory subunits (CK2β) and two catalytic subunits (CK2α and CK2α'). CK2 controls several cellular processes, including proliferation, inflammation, and cell death. However, CK2α and CK2α' possess different expression patterns and substrates and therefore impact each of these processes differently. Elevated CK2α participates in the development of cancer, while increased CK2α' has been associated with neurodegeneration, especially Huntington's disease (HD). HD is a fatal disease for which no effective therapies are available. Genetic deletion of CK2α' in HD mouse models has ameliorated neurodegeneration. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of CK2α' presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating HD. However, current CK2 inhibitors are unable to discriminate between CK2α and CK2α' due to their high structural homology, especially in the targeted ATP-binding site. Using computational analyses, we found a potential type IV ("D" pocket) allosteric site that contained different residues between CK2α and CK2α' and was distal from the ATP-binding pocket featured in both kinases. We decided to look for allosteric modulators that might interact in a biased fashion with the type IV pocket on both CK2α and CK2α'. We screened a commercial library containing ∼29,000 allosteric-kinase-inhibitor-like compounds using a CK2α' activity-dependent ADP-Glo Kinase assay. Obtained hits were counter-screened against CK2α using the ADP-Glo Kinase assay, revealing two CK2α'-biased compounds. These two compounds might serve as the basis for further medicinal chemistry optimization for the potential treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Mudaliar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Rachel H Mansky
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Angel White
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Grace Baudhuin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | | | - Henry Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Michael A Walters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
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Tavsanli N, Erözden AA, Çalışkan M. Evaluation of small-molecule modulators of the circadian clock: promising therapeutic approach to cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:848. [PMID: 39046562 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock is an important regulator of human homeostasis. Circadian rhythms are closely related to cell fate because they are necessary for regulating the cell cycle, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. Clock dysfunction can result in the development of diseases such as cancer. Although certain tumors have been shown to have a malfunctioning clock, which may affect prognosis or treatment, this has been postulated but not proven in many types of cancer. Recently, important information has emerged about the basic characteristics that underpin the overt circadian rhythm and its influence on physiological outputs. This information implies that the circadian rhythm may be managed by using particular small molecules. Small-molecule clock modulators target clock components or different physiological pathways that influence the clock. Identifying new small-molecule modulators will improve our understanding of critical regulatory nodes in the circadian network and cancer. Pharmacological manipulation of the clock may be valuable for treating cancer. The discoveries of small-molecule clock modulators and their possible application in cancer treatment are examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Tavsanli
- Division of Biotechnology, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, 34134, Turkey
- Program of Biotechnology, Biology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, 34134, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Arıhan Erözden
- Division of Biotechnology, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, 34134, Turkey
- Program of Biotechnology, Biology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, 34134, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Çalışkan
- Division of Biotechnology, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, 34134, Turkey.
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Kim H, Elkins E, Islam R, Cao B, Abbes N, Battles K, Kim S, Kim S, Williams C. Silmitasertib (CX-4945) Disrupts ERα/HSP90 Interaction and Drives Proteolysis through the Disruption of CK2β Function in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2501. [PMID: 39061141 PMCID: PMC11274397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant estrogen receptor (ERα) signaling mediates detrimental effects of tamoxifen including drug resistance and endometrial hyperplasia. ERα36, an alternative isoform of ERα, contributes to these effects. We have demonstrated that CK2 modulates ERα expression and function in breast cancer (BCa). Here, we assess if CX-4945 (CX), a clinical stage CK2 inhibitor, can disrupt ERα66 and ERα36 signaling in BCa. Using live cell imaging, we assessed the antiproliferative effects of CX in tamoxifen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant BCa cells in monolayer and/or spheroid cultures. CX-induced alterations in ERα66 and ERα36 mRNA and protein expression were assessed by RT-PCR and immunoblot. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to determine the differential interaction of ERα isoforms with HSP90 and CK2 upon CX exposure. CX caused concentration-dependent decreases in proliferation in tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 and tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 Tam1 cells and significantly repressed spheroid growth in 3D models. Additionally, CX caused dramatic decreases in endogenous or exogenously expressed ERα66 and ERα36 protein. Silencing of CK2β, the regulatory subunit of CK2, resulted in destabilization and decreased proliferation, similar to CX. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that ERα66/36 show CK2 dependance for interaction with molecular chaperone HSP90. Our findings show that CK2 functions regulate the protein stability of ERα66 and ERα36 through a mechanism that is dependent on CK2β subunit and HSP90 chaperone function. CX may be a component of a novel therapeutic strategy that targets both tamoxifen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant BCa, providing an additional tool to treat ERα-positive BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hogyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (H.K.); (E.E.); (R.I.); (B.C.); (N.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Emma Elkins
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (H.K.); (E.E.); (R.I.); (B.C.); (N.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Rahib Islam
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (H.K.); (E.E.); (R.I.); (B.C.); (N.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Bo Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (H.K.); (E.E.); (R.I.); (B.C.); (N.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Nour Abbes
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (H.K.); (E.E.); (R.I.); (B.C.); (N.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Kaela Battles
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (H.K.); (E.E.); (R.I.); (B.C.); (N.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Sihyoung Kim
- College of Arts and Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sichan Kim
- College of Arts and Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Christopher Williams
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (H.K.); (E.E.); (R.I.); (B.C.); (N.A.); (K.B.)
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Ampofo E, Pack M, Wrublewsky S, Boewe AS, Spigelman AF, Koch H, MacDonald PE, Laschke MW, Montenarh M, Götz C. CK2 activity is crucial for proper glucagon expression. Diabetologia 2024; 67:1368-1385. [PMID: 38503901 PMCID: PMC11153270 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Protein kinase CK2 acts as a negative regulator of insulin expression in pancreatic beta cells. This action is mainly mediated by phosphorylation of the transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox protein 1 (PDX1). In pancreatic alpha cells, PDX1 acts in a reciprocal fashion on glucagon (GCG) expression. Therefore, we hypothesised that CK2 might positively regulate GCG expression in pancreatic alpha cells. METHODS We suppressed CK2 kinase activity in αTC1 cells by two pharmacological inhibitors and by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Subsequently, we analysed GCG expression and secretion by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, luciferase assay, ELISA and DNA pull-down assays. We additionally studied paracrine effects on GCG secretion in pseudoislets, isolated murine islets and human islets. In vivo, we examined the effect of CK2 inhibition on blood glucose levels by systemic and alpha cell-specific CK2 inhibition. RESULTS We found that CK2 downregulation reduces GCG secretion in the murine alpha cell line αTC1 (e.g. from 1094±124 ng/l to 459±110 ng/l) by the use of the CK2-inhibitor SGC-CK2-1. This was due to a marked decrease in Gcg gene expression through alteration of the binding of paired box protein 6 (PAX6) and transcription factor MafB to the Gcg promoter. The analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that both transcription factors are displaced by PDX1. Ex vivo experiments in isolated murine islets and pseudoislets further demonstrated that CK2-mediated reduction in GCG secretion was only slightly affected by the higher insulin secretion after CK2 inhibition. The kidney capsule transplantation model showed the significance of CK2 for GCG expression and secretion in vivo. Finally, CK2 downregulation also reduced the GCG secretion in islets isolated from humans. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These novel findings not only indicate an important function of protein kinase CK2 for proper GCG expression but also demonstrate that CK2 may be a promising target for the development of novel glucose-lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Pack
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Selina Wrublewsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anne S Boewe
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hanna Koch
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Montenarh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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Slika H, Shahani A, Wahi R, Miller J, Groves M, Tyler B. Overcoming Treatment Resistance in Medulloblastoma: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2249. [PMID: 38927954 PMCID: PMC11202166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most frequently encountered malignant brain tumor in the pediatric population. The standard of care currently consists of surgical resection, craniospinal irradiation, and multi-agent chemotherapy. However, despite this combination of multiple aggressive modalities, recurrence of the disease remains a substantial concern, and treatment resistance is a rising issue. The development of this resistance results from the interplay of a myriad of anatomical properties, cellular processes, molecular pathways, and genetic and epigenetic alterations. In fact, several efforts have been directed towards this domain and characterizing the major contributors to this resistance. Herein, this review highlights the different mechanisms that drive relapse and are implicated in the occurrence of treatment resistance and discusses them in the context of the latest molecular-based classification of medulloblastoma. These mechanisms include the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier to drugs, the overactivation of specific molecular pathways, the resistant and multipotent nature of cancer stem cells, intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, and metabolic plasticity. Subsequently, we build on that to explore potential strategies and targeted agents that can abrogate these mechanisms, undermine the development of treatment resistance, and augment medulloblastoma's response to therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Slika
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (H.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Aanya Shahani
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (H.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Riddhpreet Wahi
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (H.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (J.M.)
- Grant Government Medical College and Sir J.J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - Jackson Miller
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (H.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (J.M.)
- Department of English, Rhetoric, and Humanistic Studies, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Mari Groves
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Betty Tyler
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (H.S.); (A.S.); (R.W.); (J.M.)
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Al-Qadhi MA, Yahya TAA, El-Nassan HB. Recent Advances in the Discovery of CK2 Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20702-20719. [PMID: 38764653 PMCID: PMC11097362 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
CK2 is a vital enzyme that phosphorylates a large number of substrates and thereby controls many processes in the body. Its upregulation was reported in many cancer types. Inhibitors of CK2 might have anticancer activity, and two compounds are currently under clinical trials. However, both compounds are ATP-competitive inhibitors that may have off-target side effects. The development of allosteric and dual inhibitors can overcome this drawback. These inhibitors showed higher selectivity and specificity for the CK2 enzyme compared to the ATP-competitive inhibitors. The present review summarizes the efforts exerted in the last five years in the design of CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A. Al-Qadhi
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana’a University, 18084 Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Tawfeek A. A. Yahya
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana’a University, 18084 Sana’a,Yemen
| | - Hala B. El-Nassan
- Pharmaceutical
Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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9
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Ruggeri E, Frezzato F, Mouawad N, Pizzi M, Scarmozzino F, Capasso G, Trimarco V, Quotti Tubi L, Cellini A, Cavarretta CA, Ruocco V, Serafin A, Angotzi F, Danesin N, Manni S, Facco M, Piazza F, Trentin L, Visentin A. Protein kinase CK2α is overexpressed in classical hodgkin lymphoma, regulates key signaling pathways, PD-L1 and may represent a new target for therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393485. [PMID: 38807597 PMCID: PMC11130512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), the survival of neoplastic cells is mediated by the activation of NF-κB, JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, consisting of two catalytic (α) and two regulatory (β) subunits, which is involved in several cellular processes and both subunits were found overexpressed in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Methods and results Biochemical analyses and in vitro assays showed an impaired expression of CK2 subunits in cHL, with CK2α being overexpressed and a decreased expression of CK2β compared to normal B lymphocytes. Mechanistically, CK2β was found to be ubiquitinated in all HL cell lines and consequently degraded by the proteasome pathway. Furthermore, at basal condition STAT3, NF-kB and AKT are phosphorylated in CK2-related targets, resulting in constitutive pathways activation. The inhibition of CK2 with CX-4945/silmitasertib triggered the de-phosphorylation of NF-κB-S529, STAT3-S727, AKT-S129 and -S473, leading to cHL cell lines apoptosis. Moreover, CX-4945/silmitasertib was able to decrease the expression of the immuno-checkpoint CD274/PD-L1 but not of CD30, and to synergize with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), the microtubule inhibitor of brentuximab vedotin. Conclusions Our data point out a pivotal role of CK2 in the survival and the activation of key signaling pathways in cHL. The skewed expression between CK2α and CK2β has never been reported in other lymphomas and might be specific for cHL. The effects of CK2 inhibition on PD-L1 expression and the synergistic combination of CX-4945/silmitasertib with MMAE pinpoints CK2 as a high-impact target for the development of new therapies for cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Ruggeri
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nayla Mouawad
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Scarmozzino
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Guido Capasso
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cellini
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Ruocco
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Serafin
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Angotzi
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicolò Danesin
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Manni
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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10
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Mayo P, Pascual J, Crisman E, Domínguez C, López MG, León R. Innovative pathological network-based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38678582 DOI: 10.1002/med.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget-directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mayo
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Stokes ME, Vasciaveo A, Small JC, Zask A, Reznik E, Smith N, Wang Q, Daniels J, Forouhar F, Rajbhandari P, Califano A, Stockwell BR. Subtype-selective prenylated isoflavonoids disrupt regulatory drivers of MYCN-amplified cancers. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:805-819.e9. [PMID: 38061356 PMCID: PMC11031350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors have proven difficult to target with small molecules because they lack pockets necessary for potent binding. Disruption of protein expression can suppress targets and enable therapeutic intervention. To this end, we developed a drug discovery workflow that incorporates cell-line-selective screening and high-throughput expression profiling followed by regulatory network analysis to identify compounds that suppress regulatory drivers of disease. Applying this approach to neuroblastoma (NBL), we screened bioactive molecules in cell lines representing its MYC-dependent (MYCNA) and mesenchymal (MES) subtypes to identify selective compounds, followed by PLATESeq profiling of treated cells. This revealed compounds that disrupt a sub-network of MYCNA-specific regulatory proteins, resulting in MYCN degradation in vivo. The top hit was isopomiferin, a prenylated isoflavonoid that inhibited casein kinase 2 (CK2) in cells. Isopomiferin and its structural analogs inhibited MYC and MYCN in NBL and lung cancer cells, highlighting the general MYC-inhibiting potential of this unique scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Stokes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alessandro Vasciaveo
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonnell Candice Small
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Arie Zask
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eduard Reznik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nailah Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jacob Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Farhad Forouhar
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource (PMCSR), Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Presha Rajbhandari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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12
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Devkota R, Small JC, Carbone K, Glass MA, Vetere A, Wagner BK. KD025 Is a Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitor That Protects Against Glucolipotoxicity in β-Cells. Diabetes 2024; 73:585-591. [PMID: 38211571 PMCID: PMC10958584 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Glucolipotoxicity (GLT), in which elevated levels of glucose and fatty acids have deleterious effects on β-cell biology, is thought to be one of the major contributors in progression of type 2 diabetes. In search of novel small molecules that protect β-cells against GLT, we previously discovered KD025, an inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinase isoform 2 (ROCK2), as a GLT-protective compound in INS-1E cells and dissociated human islets. To further understand the mechanism of action of KD025, we found that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of ROCK2 was not responsible for the protective effects of KD025 against GLT. Instead, kinase profiling revealed that KD025 potently inhibits catalytic subunits of casein kinase 2 (CK2), a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase. We experimentally verified that the inhibition of one of the catalytic subunits of casein kinase 2, CK2A1, but not CK2A2, improved cell viability when challenged with GLT. We conclude that KD025 inhibits CK2 to protect β-cells from GLT. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Devkota
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jonnell C. Small
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kaycee Carbone
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michael A. Glass
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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13
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Liu ZD, Shi YH, Xu QC, Zhao GY, Zhu YQ, Li FX, Ma MJ, Ye JY, Huang XT, Wang XY, Xu X, Wang JQ, Zhao W, Yin XY. CSNK2A1 confers gemcitabine resistance to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via inducing autophagy. Cancer Lett 2024; 585:216640. [PMID: 38290659 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Gemcitabine, a pivotal chemotherapeutic agent for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), frequently encounters drug resistance, posing a significant clinical challenge with implications for PDAC patient prognosis. In this study, employing an integrated approach involving bioinformatic analyses from multiple databases, we unveil CSNK2A1 as a key regulatory factor. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model further substantiates the critical role of CSNK2A1 in gemcitabine resistance within the context of PDAC. Additionally, targeted silencing of CSNK2A1 expression significantly enhances sensitivity of PDAC cells to gemcitabine treatment. Mechanistically, CSNK2A1's transcriptional regulation is mediated by H3K27 acetylation in PDAC. Moreover, we identify CSNK2A1 as a pivotal activator of autophagy, and enhanced autophagy drives gemcitabine resistance. Silmitasertib, an established CSNK2A1 inhibitor, can effectively inhibit autophagy. Notably, the combinatorial treatment of Silmitasertib with gemcitabine demonstrates remarkable efficacy in treating PDAC. In summary, our study reveals CSNK2A1 as a potent predictive factor for gemcitabine resistance in PDAC. Moreover, targeted CSNK2A1 inhibition by Silmitasertib represents a promising therapeutic strategy to restore gemcitabine sensitivity in PDAC, offering hope for improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-De Liu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yin-Hao Shi
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong-Cong Xu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guang-Yin Zhao
- Department of Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying-Qin Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fu-Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming-Jian Ma
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Ye
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xi-Tai Huang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xi-Yu Wang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie-Qin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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14
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Delaveris CS, Kong S, Glasgow J, Loudermilk RP, Kirkemo LL, Zhao F, Salangsang F, Phojanakong P, Camara Serrano JA, Steri V, Wells JA. Chemoproteomics reveals immunogenic and tumor-associated cell surface substrates of ectokinase CK2α. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585970. [PMID: 38562834 PMCID: PMC10983885 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
New epitopes for immune recognition provide the basis of anticancer immunity. Due to the high concentration of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in the tumor microenvironment, we hypothesized that extracellular kinases (ectokinases) could have dysregulated activity and introduce aberrant phosphorylation sites on cell surface proteins. We engineered a cell-tethered version of the extracellular kinase CK2α, demonstrated it was active on cells under tumor-relevant conditions, and profiled its substrate scope using a chemoproteomic workflow. We then demonstrated that mice developed polyreactive antisera in response to syngeneic tumor cells that had been subjected to surface hyperphosphorylation with CK2α. Interestingly, these mice developed B cell and CD4+ T cell responses in response to these antigens but failed to develop a CD8+ T cell response. This work provides a workflow for probing the extracellular phosphoproteome and demonstrates that extracellular phosphoproteins are immunogenic even in a syngeneic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corleone S. Delaveris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Sophie Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Jeff Glasgow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Rita P. Loudermilk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Lisa L. Kirkemo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Fangzhu Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Fernando Salangsang
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Paul Phojanakong
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Juan Antonio Camara Serrano
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Veronica Steri
- Preclinical Therapeutics Core, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - James A. Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
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15
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Hermosilla VE, Gyenis L, Rabalski AJ, Armijo ME, Sepúlveda P, Duprat F, Benítez-Riquelme D, Fuentes-Villalobos F, Quiroz A, Hepp MI, Farkas C, Mastel M, González-Chavarría I, Jackstadt R, Litchfield DW, Castro AF, Pincheira R. Casein kinase 2 phosphorylates and induces the SALL2 tumor suppressor degradation in colon cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:223. [PMID: 38493149 PMCID: PMC10944491 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Spalt-like proteins are Zinc finger transcription factors from Caenorhabditis elegans to vertebrates, with critical roles in development. In vertebrates, four paralogues have been identified (SALL1-4), and SALL2 is the family's most dissimilar member. SALL2 is required during brain and eye development. It is downregulated in cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor, promoting cell cycle arrest and cell death. Despite its critical functions, information about SALL2 regulation is scarce. Public data indicate that SALL2 is ubiquitinated and phosphorylated in several residues along the protein, but the mechanisms, biological consequences, and enzymes responsible for these modifications remain unknown. Bioinformatic analyses identified several putative phosphorylation sites for Casein Kinase II (CK2) located within a highly conserved C-terminal PEST degradation motif of SALL2. CK2 is a serine/threonine kinase that promotes cell proliferation and survival and is often hyperactivated in cancer. We demonstrated that CK2 phosphorylates SALL2 residues S763, T778, S802, and S806 and promotes SALL2 degradation by the proteasome. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of CK2 with Silmitasertib (CX-4945) restored endogenous SALL2 protein levels in SALL2-deficient breast MDA-MB-231, lung H1299, and colon SW480 cancer cells. Silmitasertib induced a methuosis-like phenotype and cell death in SW480 cells. However, the phenotype was significantly attenuated in CRISPr/Cas9-mediated SALL2 knockout SW480 cells. Similarly, Sall2-deficient tumor organoids were more resistant to Silmitasertib-induced cell death, confirming that SALL2 sensitizes cancer cells to CK2 inhibition. We identified a novel CK2-dependent mechanism for SALL2 regulation and provided new insights into the interplay between these two proteins and their role in cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Hermosilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L Gyenis
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - A J Rabalski
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Odyssey Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M E Armijo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - P Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - F Duprat
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - D Benítez-Riquelme
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - F Fuentes-Villalobos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Inmunovirología. Departamento de Microbiologia. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - A Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M I Hepp
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - C Farkas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M Mastel
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg. Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I González-Chavarría
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - R Jackstadt
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg. Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D W Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - A F Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - R Pincheira
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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16
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Mudaliar D, Mansky RH, White A, Baudhuin G, Hawkinson J, Wong H, Walters MA, Gomez-Pastor R. Identification of CK2α' selective inhibitors by the screening of an allosteric-kinase-inhibitor-like compound library. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.18.576328. [PMID: 38328231 PMCID: PMC10849513 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Protein Kinase CK2 is a holoenzyme composed of two regulatory subunits (CK2β) and two catalytic subunits (CK2α and CK2α'). CK2 controls several cellular processes including proliferation, inflammation, and cell death. However, CK2α and CK2α' possess different expression patterns and substrates and therefore impact each of these processes differently. Elevated CK2α participates in the development of cancer, while increased CK2α' has been associated with neurodegeneration, especially Huntington's disease (HD). HD is a fatal disease for which no effective therapies are available. Genetic deletion of CK2α' in HD mouse models has ameliorated neurodegeneration. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of CK2α' presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating HD. However, current CK2 inhibitors are unable to discriminate between CK2α and CK2α' due to their high structural homology, especially in the targeted ATP binding site. Using computational analyses, we found a potential Type IV ("D" pocket) allosteric site on CK2α' that contained different residues than CK2α and was distal from the ATP binding pocket featured in both kinases. With this potential allosteric site in mind, we screened a commercial library containing ~29,000 allosteric-kinase-inhibitor-like compounds using a CK2α' activity-dependent ADP-Glo™ Kinase assay. Obtained hits were counter-screened against CK2α revealing two CK2α' selective compounds. These two compounds might serve as the basis for further medicinal chemistry optimization for the potential treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Mudaliar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Rachel H Mansky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Angel White
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Grace Baudhuin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Jon Hawkinson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Henry Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Michael A Walters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
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17
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Nazeam JA, Boshra SA, Mohammed EZ, El Gizawy HA. Bio-Guided Assay of Ephedra foeminea Forssk Extracts and Anticancer Activities: In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Evaluations. Molecules 2023; 29:199. [PMID: 38202783 PMCID: PMC10780881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ephedra is one of the oldest known medicinal plants and the largest genera of the Ephedraceae family. In vivo antitumor evaluation of Ephedra foeminea revealed that ethyl acetate (EtOAc) was the most bioactive fraction. Bio-guided fractionation of EtOAc fraction afforded nine compounds isolated for the first time from the plant species. Macrocyclic spermine alkaloids (1,9), proanthocyanidins (2,4,5), quinoline alkaloids (7,8), phenolic (3), and nucleoside (6) were identified and elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including 1D and 2D NMR, ESI-MS-MS spectrometry. The tested compounds exhibited moderate anticancer activity, except for the kynurenic acid derivative (6-mKYNA) which showed significant cytotoxicity and remarkable inhibition of CA-19.9 and CA-125 tumor biomarkers. In-silico study was conducted to determine the anti-proliferative mechanism of 6-mKYNA by using the CK2 enzyme active site. Moreover, the ADME computational study suggested that 6-mKYNA is an effective candidate with a promising pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic potential against various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilan A. Nazeam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City 12585, Egypt;
| | - Sylvia A. Boshra
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City 12585, Egypt;
| | - Esraa Z. Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City 12585, Egypt;
| | - Heba A. El Gizawy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October City 12585, Egypt;
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18
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Liu J, Zhang X, Chen G, Shao Q, Zou Y, Li Z, Su H, Li M, Xu Y. Drug repurposing and structure-based discovery of new PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115893. [PMID: 37918035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and PDE5 responsible for the hydrolysis of intracellular cAMP and cGMP, respectively, are promising targets for therapeutic intervention in a wide variety of diseases. Here, we report the discovery of novel, drug-like PDE4 inhibitors by performing a high-throughput drug repurposing screening of 2560 approved drugs and drug candidates in clinical trial studies. It allowed us to identify eight potent PDE4 inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 0.41 to 2.46 μM. Crystal structures of PDE4 in complex with four compounds, namely ethaverine hydrochloride (EH), benzbromarone (BBR), CX-4945, and CVT-313, were further solved to elucidate molecular mechanisms of action of these new inhibitors, providing a solid foundation for optimizing the inhibitors to improve their potency as well as selectivity. Unexpectedly, selectivity profiling of other PDE subfamilies followed by crystal structure determination revealed that CVT-313 was also a potent PDE5 inhibitor with a binding mode similar to that of tadalafil, a marketed PDE5 inhibitor, but distinctively different from the binding mode of CVT-313 with PDE4. Structure-guided modification of CVT-313 led to the discovery of a new inhibitor, compound 2, with significantly improved inhibitory activity as well as selectivity towards PDE5 over PDE4. Together, these results highlight the utility of the drug repurposing in combination with structure-based drug design in identifying novel inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE5, which provides a prime example for efficient discovery of drug-like hits towards a given target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhewen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haixia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Minjun Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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19
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Quotti Tubi L, Canovas Nunes S, Mandato E, Pizzi M, Vitulo N, D’Agnolo M, Colombatti R, Martella M, Boaro MP, Doriguzzi Breatta E, Fregnani A, Spinello Z, Nabergoj M, Filhol O, Boldyreff B, Albiero M, Fadini GP, Gurrieri C, Vianello F, Semenzato G, Manni S, Trentin L, Piazza F. CK2β Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology and Erythropoiesis. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e978. [PMID: 38026791 PMCID: PMC10673422 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ser-Thr kinase CK2 plays important roles in sustaining cell survival and resistance to stress and these functions are exploited by different types of blood tumors. Yet, the physiological involvement of CK2 in normal blood cell development is poorly known. Here, we discovered that the β regulatory subunit of CK2 is critical for normal hematopoiesis in the mouse. Fetal livers of conditional CK2β knockout embryos showed increased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells associated to a higher proliferation rate compared to control animals. Both hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) displayed alterations in the expression of transcription factors involved in cell quiescence, self-renewal, and lineage commitment. HSPCs lacking CK2β were functionally impaired in supporting both in vitro and in vivo hematopoiesis as demonstrated by transplantation assays. Furthermore, KO mice developed anemia due to a reduced number of mature erythroid cells. This compartment was characterized by dysplasia, proliferative defects at early precursor stage, and apoptosis at late-stage erythroblasts. Erythroid cells exhibited a marked compromise of signaling cascades downstream of the cKit and erythropoietin receptor, with a defective activation of ERK/JNK, JAK/STAT5, and PI3K/AKT pathways and perturbations of several transcriptional programs as demonstrated by RNA-Seq analysis. Moreover, we unraveled an unforeseen molecular mechanism whereby CK2 sustains GATA1 stability and transcriptional proficiency. Thus, our work demonstrates new and crucial functions of CK2 in HSPC biology and in erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Canovas Nunes
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Mandato
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medicine, Cytopathology and Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Mirco D’Agnolo
- Department of Women’s and Child’s Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Paola Boaro
- Department of Women’s and Child’s Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Doriguzzi Breatta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fregnani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Mitja Nabergoj
- Hematology Service, Institut Central des Hôpitaux (ICH), Hôpital du Valais, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Odile Filhol
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1036, Institute de Reserches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Experimental Diabetology Lab, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Experimental Diabetology Lab, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vianello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
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20
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Vallini G, Calabrese L, Canino C, Trovato E, Gentileschi S, Rubegni P, Tognetti L. Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies in Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:2534. [PMID: 37947611 PMCID: PMC10647618 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common human neoplasms world-wide. In detail, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignancy in the fair-skinned population. The incidence of BCC remains difficult to assess due to the poor registration practice; however, it has been increasing in the last few years. Approximately, 85% of sporadic BCCs carry mutations in Hedgehog pathway genes, especially in PTCH, SUFU and SMO genes, which lead to the aberrant activation of GLI transcriptional factors, typically silent in cells of adult individuals. The management of advanced BCC (aBCC), both metastatic (mBCC) and locally advanced BCC (laBCC), not candidates for surgical excision or radiotherapy, remains challenging. The discovery of mutations in the Hh signaling pathway has paved the way for the development of Hh pathway inhibiting agents, such as vismodegib and sonidegib, which have represented a breakthrough in the aBCC management. However, the use of these agents is limited by the frequent occurrence of adverse events or the development of drug resistance. In this review, we thoroughly describe the current knowledge regarding the available options for the pharmacological management of aBCCs and provide a forward-looking update on novel therapeutic strategies that could enrich the therapeutic armamentarium of BCC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vallini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Calabrese
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Costanza Canino
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Trovato
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Stefano Gentileschi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Rheumatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Pietro Rubegni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Linda Tognetti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.C.); (E.T.); (P.R.); (L.T.)
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21
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Singh S, Barik D, Arukha AP, Prasad S, Mohapatra I, Singh A, Singh G. Small Molecule Targeting Immune Cells: A Novel Approach for Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2621. [PMID: 37892995 PMCID: PMC10604364 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional and cancer immunotherapies encompass diverse strategies to address various cancer types and stages. However, combining these approaches often encounters limitations such as non-specific targeting, resistance development, and high toxicity, leading to suboptimal outcomes in many cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is orchestrated by intricate interactions between immune and non-immune cells dictating tumor progression. An innovative avenue in cancer therapy involves leveraging small molecules to influence a spectrum of resistant cell populations within the TME. Recent discoveries have unveiled a phenotypically diverse cohort of innate-like T (ILT) cells and tumor hybrid cells (HCs) exhibiting novel characteristics, including augmented proliferation, migration, resistance to exhaustion, evasion of immunosurveillance, reduced apoptosis, drug resistance, and heightened metastasis frequency. Leveraging small-molecule immunomodulators to target these immune players presents an exciting frontier in developing novel tumor immunotherapies. Moreover, combining small molecule modulators with immunotherapy can synergistically enhance the inhibitory impact on tumor progression by empowering the immune system to meticulously fine-tune responses within the TME, bolstering its capacity to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. This review outlines strategies involving small molecules that modify immune cells within the TME, potentially revolutionizing therapeutic interventions and enhancing the anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Debashis Barik
- Center for Computational Natural Science and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Iteeshree Mohapatra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gatikrushna Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Yang S, Peng LR, Yu AQ, Li J. CSNK2A2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through activation of NF-κB pathway. Ann Hepatol 2023; 28:101118. [PMID: 37268061 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Breast and non-small cell lung cancers harbor an upregulated CSNK2A2 oncogene that encodes the protein kinase CK2 alpha', a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved serine/threonine kinase CK2. However, its role and biological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western-blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of CSNK2A2 in HCC tumor tissues and cell lines. CCK8, Hoechst staining, transwell, tube formation assay in vitro and nude mice experiments in vivo were used to measure the effects of CSNK2A2 on HCC proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor formation. RESULTS In the study, we showed that CSNK2A2 was highly expressed in HCC comparison with matched control tissues, and was linked with lower survival of patients. Additional experiments indicated that silencing of CSNK2A2 promoted HCC cell apoptosis, while inhibited HCC cells migrating, proliferating, angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. These effects were also accompanied by reduced expression of NF-κB target genes, including CCND1, MMP9 and VEGF. Moreover, treatment with PDTC counteracted the promotional effects of CSNK2A2 on HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggested that CSNK2A2 could promote HCC progression by activating the NF-κB pathway, and this could serve as a biomarker for future prognostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, PR China.
| | - Li Rong Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, PR China
| | - Ai Qing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, PR China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, PR China
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23
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Ren X, Feng C, Wang Y, Chen P, Wang S, Wang J, Cao H, Li Y, Ji M, Hou P. SLC39A10 promotes malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells by activating the CK2-mediated MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1757-1769. [PMID: 37524874 PMCID: PMC10474099 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 39 member 10 (SLC39A10) belongs to a subfamily of zinc transporters and plays a key role in B-cell development. Previous studies have reported that its upregulation promotes breast cancer metastasis by enhancing the influx of zinc ions (Zn2+); however, its role in gastric cancer remains totally unclear. Here, we found that SLC39A10 expression was frequently increased in gastric adenocarcinomas and that SLC39A10 upregulation was strongly associated with poor patient outcomes; in addition, we identified SLC39A10 as a direct target of c-Myc. Functional studies showed that ectopic expression of SLC39A10 in gastric cancer cells dramatically enhanced the proliferation, colony formation, invasiveness abilities of these gastric cancer cells and tumorigenic potential in nude mice. Conversely, SLC39A10 knockdown inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. Mechanistically, SLC39A10 exerted its carcinogenic effects by increasing Zn2+ availability and subsequently enhancing the enzyme activity of CK2 (casein kinase 2). As a result, the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways, two major downstream effectors of CK2, were activated, while c-Myc, a downstream target of these two pathways, formed a vicious feedback loop with SLC39A10 to drive the malignant progression of gastric cancer. Taken together, our data demonstrate that SLC39A10 is a functional oncogene in gastric cancer and suggest that targeting CK2 is an alternative therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer patients with high SLC39A10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Ren
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Pu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Simeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jianling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Cao
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Meiju Ji
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China.
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P. R. China.
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Ogata A, Yamada T, Hattori S, Ikenuma H, Abe J, Ichise M, Suzuki M, Ito K, Kato T, Amaike K, Hirota T, Itami K, Kimura Y. Development of a novel PET ligand, [11C]GO289 targeting CK2 expressed in the brain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 90:129327. [PMID: 37187253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging tool that enables early in vivo detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, various PET ligands have been developed to image β-amyloid and tau protein aggregates characteristically found in the brain of AD patients. In this study, we initiated to develop another type of PET ligand that targets protein kinase CK2 (formerly termed as casein kinase II), because its expression level is known to be altered in postmortem AD brains. CK2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase, an important component of cellular signaling pathways that control cellular degeneration. In AD, the CK2 level in the brain is thought to be elevated by its involvement in both phosphorylation of proteins such as tau and neuroinflammation. Decreased CK2 activity and expression levels lead to β-amyloid accumulation. In addition, since CK2 also contributes to the phosphorylation of tau protein, the expression level and activity of CK2 is expected to undergo significant changes during the progression of AD pathology. Furthermore, CK2 could act as a potential target for modulating the inflammatory response in AD. Therefore, PET imaging targeting CK2 expressed in the brain could be a useful another imaging biomarker for AD. We synthesized and radiolabeled a CK2 inhibitor, [11C]GO289, in high yields from its precursor and [11C]methyl iodide under basic conditions. On autoradiography, [11C]GO289 specifically bound to CK2 in both rat and human brain sections. On baseline PET imaging, this ligand entered and rapidly washed out of the rat brain with its peak activity rather being small (SUV < 1.0). However, on blocking, there was no detectable CK2 specific binding signal. Thus, [11C]GO289 may be useful in vitro but not so in vivo in its current formulation. The lack of detectable specific binding signal in the latter may be due to a relatively high component of nonspecific binding signal in the overall rather weak PET signal, or it may also be related to the known fact that ATP can competitively binds to subunits of CK2, reducing its availability for this ligand. In the future, it will be necessary for PET imaging of CK2 to try out different non-ATP competitive formulations of CK2 inhibitor that can also provide significantly higher in vivo brain penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ogata
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science (GUMS), Kani, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Saori Hattori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikenuma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Junichiro Abe
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Masanori Ichise
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Kengo Ito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Kazuma Amaike
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirota
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan.
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25
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Huang W, Zheng X, Huang Q, Weng D, Yao S, Zhou C, Li Q, Hu Y, Xu W, Huang K. Protein Kinase CK2 Promotes Proliferation, Abnormal Differentiation, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production of Keratinocytes via Regulation of STAT3 and Akt Pathways in Psoriasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:567-578. [PMID: 37080661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is a constitutively active and ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase that is closely associated with various types of cancers, autoimmune disorders, and inflammation. However, the role of CK2 in psoriasis remains unknown. Herein, the study indicated elevated expression of CK2 in skin lesions from patients with psoriasis and from psoriasis-like mice. In the psoriasis-like mouse model, the CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 ameliorated imiquimod-induced psoriasis symptoms with reduced proliferation, abnormal differentiation, inflammatory cytokine production (especially IL-17A) of keratinocytes, and infiltration of γδ T cells. In in vitro studies, exogenous CK2 promoted hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of human keratinocytes, which were reversed by the suppression of CK2 with CX-4945 or siRNA. Furthermore, knockdown of CK2 reduced IL-17A expression and abolished IL-17A-induced proliferation and inflammatory cytokine expression in keratinocytes. Interestingly, IL-17A increased the expression of CK2 in keratinocytes, thereby establishing a positive feedback loop. In addition, suppression of CK2 inhibited the activation of STAT3 and Akt signaling pathways in human keratinocytes and imiquimod-induced psoriatic lesions of mice. These findings indicate that a highly expressed CK2 level in the skin lesions is required in the development of psoriasis by promoting epidermal hyperplasia, abnormal differentiation, and inflammatory response via regulation of the STAT3 and Akt signaling pathways. CK2 may be a target for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuyu Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danlin Weng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shifei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulian Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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26
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Kim JE, Lee DS, Kim TH, Park H, Kang TC. Distinct Roles of CK2- and AKT-Mediated NF-κB Phosphorylations in Clasmatodendrosis (Autophagic Astroglial Death) within the Hippocampus of Chronic Epilepsy Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051020. [PMID: 37237886 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The downregulation of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) plays a role in clasmatodendrosis (an autophagic astroglial death) in the hippocampus of chronic epilepsy rats. Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a GSH precursor) restores GPx1 expression in clasmatodendritic astrocytes and alleviates this autophagic astroglial death, independent of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. However, the regulatory signal pathways of these phenomena have not been fully explored. In the present study, NAC attenuated clasmatodendrosis by alleviating GPx1 downregulation, casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) serine (S) 529 and AKT-mediated NF-κB S536 phosphorylations. 2-[4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-2-(dimethylamino)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-yl]acetic acid (TMCB; a selective CK2 inhibitor) relieved clasmatodendritic degeneration and GPx1 downregulation concomitant with the decreased NF-κB S529 and AKT S473 phosphorylations. In contrast, AKT inhibition by 3-chloroacetyl-indole (3CAI) ameliorated clasmatodendrosis and NF-κB S536 phosphorylation, while it did not affect GPx1 downregulation and CK2 tyrosine (Y) 255 and NF-κB S529 phosphorylations. Therefore, these findings suggest that seizure-induced oxidative stress may diminish GPx1 expression by increasing CK2-mediated NF-κB S529 phosphorylation, which would subsequently enhance AKT-mediated NF-κB S536 phosphorylation leading to autophagic astroglial degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Shin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Park
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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27
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Davis-Gilbert Z, Krämer A, Dunford JE, Howell S, Senbabaoglu F, Wells CI, Bashore FM, Havener TM, Smith JL, Hossain MA, Oppermann U, Drewry DH, Axtman AD. Discovery of a Potent and Selective Naphthyridine-Based Chemical Probe for Casein Kinase 2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:432-441. [PMID: 37077385 PMCID: PMC10108397 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthyridine-based inhibitors were synthesized to yield a potent and cell-active inhibitor of casein kinase 2 (CK2). Compound 2 selectively inhibits CK2α and CK2α' when profiled broadly, thereby making it an exquisitely selective chemical probe for CK2. A negative control that is structurally related but lacks a key hinge-binding nitrogen (7) was designed on the basis of structural studies. Compound 7 does not bind CK2α or CK2α' in cells and demonstrates excellent kinome-wide selectivity. Differential anticancer activity was observed when compound 2 was profiled alongside a structurally distinct CK2 chemical probe: SGC-CK2-1. This naphthyridine-based chemical probe (2) represents one of the best available small molecule tools with which to interrogate biology mediated by CK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary
W. Davis-Gilbert
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strabe 9, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strabe 15, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Frankfurt
Cancer Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße
42-44, Frankfurt 60596, Germany
| | - James E. Dunford
- Botnar
Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology
and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Howell
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Filiz Senbabaoglu
- Botnar
Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology
and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Carrow I. Wells
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frances M. Bashore
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Tammy M. Havener
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeffery L. Smith
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mohammad A. Hossain
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar
Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology
and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
- Oxford
Translational
Myeloma Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - David H. Drewry
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alison D. Axtman
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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28
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Song M, Pang L, Zhang M, Qu Y, Laster KV, Dong Z. Cdc2-like kinases: structure, biological function, and therapeutic targets for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:148. [PMID: 37029108 PMCID: PMC10082069 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The CLKs (Cdc2-like kinases) belong to the dual-specificity protein kinase family and play crucial roles in regulating transcript splicing via the phosphorylation of SR proteins (SRSF1-12), catalyzing spliceosome molecular machinery, and modulating the activities or expression of non-splicing proteins. The dysregulation of these processes is linked with various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, inflammatory diseases, viral replication, and cancer. Thus, CLKs have been considered as potential therapeutic targets, and significant efforts have been exerted to discover potent CLKs inhibitors. In particular, clinical trials aiming to assess the activities of the small molecules Lorecivivint on knee Osteoarthritis patients, and Cirtuvivint and Silmitasertib in different advanced tumors have been investigated for therapeutic usage. In this review, we comprehensively documented the structure and biological functions of CLKs in various human diseases and summarized the significance of related inhibitors in therapeutics. Our discussion highlights the most recent CLKs research, paving the way for the clinical treatment of various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Luping Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yingzi Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Kyle Vaughn Laster
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Yang Q, Dang H, Liu J, Wang X, Wang J, Lan X, Ji M, Xing M, Hou P. Hypoxia switches TET1 from being tumor-suppressive to oncogenic. Oncogene 2023; 42:1634-1648. [PMID: 37020036 PMCID: PMC10181935 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The classical oxidizing enzymatic activity of Ten Eleven Translocation 1 (TET1) and its tumor suppressor role are well known. Here, we find that high TET1 expression is associated with poor patient survival in solid cancers often having hypoxia, which is inconsistent with its tumor suppressor role. Through a series of in vitro and in vivo studies, using thyroid cancer as a model, we demonstrate that TET1 plays a tumor suppressor function in normoxia and, surprisingly, an oncogenic function in hypoxia. Mechanistically, TET1 mediates HIF1α-p300 interaction by acting as a co-activator of HIF1α to promote CK2B transcription under hypoxia, which is independent of its enzymatic activity; CK2 activates the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway to promote oncogenesis. Activated AKT/GSK3β signaling in turn maintains HIF1α at elevated levels by preventing its K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation, creating a feedback loop to enhance the oncogenicity of TET1 in hypoxia. Thus, this study uncovers a novel oncogenic mechanism in which TET1 promotes oncogenesis and cancer progression through a non-enzymatic interaction between TET1 and HIF1α in hypoxia, providing novel therapeutic targeting implications for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Hui Dang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xingye Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xinhui Lan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Mingzhao Xing
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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30
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Grygier P, Pustelny K, Nowak J, Golik P, Popowicz GM, Plettenburg O, Dubin G, Menezes F, Czarna A. Silmitasertib (CX-4945), a Clinically Used CK2-Kinase Inhibitor with Additional Effects on GSK3β and DYRK1A Kinases: A Structural Perspective. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4009-4024. [PMID: 36883902 PMCID: PMC10041529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A clinical casein kinase 2 inhibitor, CX-4945 (silmitasertib), shows significant affinity toward the DYRK1A and GSK3β kinases, involved in down syndrome phenotypes, Alzheimer's disease, circadian clock regulation, and diabetes. This off-target activity offers an opportunity for studying the effect of the DYRK1A/GSK3β kinase system in disease biology and possible line extension. Motivated by the dual inhibition of these kinases, we solved and analyzed the crystal structures of DYRK1A and GSK3β with CX-4945. We built a quantum-chemistry-based model to rationalize the compound affinity for CK2α, DYRK1A, and GSK3β kinases. Our calculations identified a key element for CK2α's subnanomolar affinity to CX-4945. The methodology is expandable to other kinase selectivity modeling. We show that the inhibitor limits DYRK1A- and GSK3β-mediated cyclin D1 phosphorylation and reduces kinase-mediated NFAT signaling in the cell. Given the CX-4945's clinical and pharmacological profile, this inhibitory activity makes it an interesting candidate with potential for application in additional disease areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Grygier
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pustelny
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Nowak
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz M Popowicz
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department Chemie, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ) and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering (LNQE), Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, Hannover 30167, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Aulweg 130, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Dubin
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Filipe Menezes
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department Chemie, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Anna Czarna
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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31
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Lindberg MF, Deau E, Arfwedson J, George N, George P, Alfonso P, Corrionero A, Meijer L. Comparative Efficacy and Selectivity of Pharmacological Inhibitors of DYRK and CLK Protein Kinases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4106-4130. [PMID: 36876904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity, tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) and cdc2-like kinases (CLKs) play a large variety of cellular functions and are involved in several diseases (cognitive disorders, diabetes, cancers, etc.). There is, thus, growing interest in pharmacological inhibitors as chemical probes and potential drug candidates. This study presents an unbiased evaluation of the kinase inhibitory activity of a library of 56 reported DYRK/CLK inhibitors on the basis of comparative, side-by-side, catalytic activity assays on a panel of 12 recombinant human kinases, enzyme kinetics (residence time and Kd), in-cell inhibition of Thr-212-Tau phosphorylation, and cytotoxicity. The 26 most active inhibitors were modeled in the crystal structure of DYRK1A. The results show a rather large diversity of potencies and selectivities among the reported inhibitors and emphasize the difficulties to avoid "off-targets" in this area of the kinome. The use of a panel of DYRKs/CLKs inhibitors is suggested to analyze the functions of these kinases in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Deau
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Jonas Arfwedson
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Nicolas George
- Oncodesign, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal George
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Patricia Alfonso
- Enzymlogic, Qube Technology Park, C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Corrionero
- Enzymlogic, Qube Technology Park, C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurent Meijer
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France
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32
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O’Boyle NM, Helesbeux JJ, Meegan MJ, Sasse A, O’Shaughnessy E, Qaisar A, Clancy A, McCarthy F, Marchand P. 30th Annual GP2A Medicinal Chemistry Conference. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030432. [PMID: 36986531 PMCID: PMC10056312 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Group for the Promotion of Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Academia (GP2A) held their 30th annual conference in August 2022 in Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. There were 9 keynote presentations, 10 early career researcher presentations and 41 poster presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M. O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1896-2524
| | | | - Mary J. Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Astrid Sasse
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth O’Shaughnessy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alina Qaisar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Clancy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Florence McCarthy
- School of Chemistry and ABCRF, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, Nantes Université, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
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33
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Borad MJ, Bai LY, Richards D, Mody K, Hubbard J, Rha SY, Soong J, McCormick D, Tse E, O'Brien D, Bayat A, Ahn D, Davis SL, Park JO, Oh DY. Silmitasertib plus gemcitabine and cisplatin first-line therapy in locally advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: A Phase 1b/2 study. Hepatology 2023; 77:760-773. [PMID: 36152015 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aimed to investigate safety and efficacy of silmitasertib, an oral small molecule casein kinase 2 inhibitor, plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (G+C) versus G+C in locally advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. APPROACH AND RESULTS This work is a Phase 1b/2 study (S4-13-001). In Phase 2, patients received silmitasertib 1000 mg twice daily for 10 days with G+C on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. Primary efficacy endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) in the modified intent-to-treat population (defined as patients who completed at least one cycle of silmitasertib without dose interruption/reduction) from both phases (silmitasertib/G+C n = 55, G+C n = 29). The response was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1. The median PFS was 11.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6, 14.7) versus 5.8 months (95% CI, 3.1, not evaluable [NE]) ( p = 0.0496); 10-month PFS was 56.1% (95% CI, 38.8%, 70.2%) versus 22.2% (95% CI, 1.8%, 56.7%); and median overall survival was 17.4 months (95% CI, 13.4, 25.7) versus 14.9 months (95% CI, 9.9, NE) with silmitasertib/G+C versus G+C. Overall response rate was 34.0% versus 30.8%; the disease control rate was 86.0% versus 88.5% with silmitasertib/G+C versus G+C. Almost all silmitasertib/G+C (99%) and G+C (93%) patients reported at least one treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE). The most common TEAEs (all grades) with silmitasertib/G+C versus G+C were diarrhea (70% versus 13%), nausea (59% vs. 30%), fatigue (47% vs. 47%), vomiting (39% vs. 7%), and anemia (39% vs. 30%). Twelve patients (10%) discontinued treatment because of TEAEs during the study. CONCLUSIONS Silmitasertib/G+C demonstrated promising preliminary evidence of efficacy for the first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh J Borad
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Liver and Biliary Cancer Research Program and Cancer Cell , Gene and Virus Therapy Lab, Mayo Clinic Arizona , Scottsdale , Arizona , USA
| | - Li-Yuan Bai
- China Medical University Hospital, and China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Donald Richards
- Texas Oncology-Tyler, US Oncology Research , Tyler , Texas , USA
| | - Kabir Mody
- Division of Hematology and Oncology , Mayo Clinic Jacksonville , Jacksonville , Florida , USA
| | - Joleen Hubbard
- Department of Medical Oncology , Mayo Clinic Rochester , Rochester , Minnesota , USA
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Yonsei Cancer Center , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - John Soong
- Clinical Operations , Senhwa Biosciences Corporation , San Diego , California , USA
| | - Daniel McCormick
- Clinical Operations , Senhwa Biosciences Corporation , San Diego , California , USA
| | - Emmett Tse
- Clinical Operations , Senhwa Biosciences Corporation , San Diego , California , USA
| | - Daniel O'Brien
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , Minnesota , USA
| | - Ahmad Bayat
- Regulatory Affairs , Amarex Clinical Research , Germantown , Maryland , USA
| | - Daniel Ahn
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , Mayo Clinic Arizona , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
| | - S Lindsey Davis
- Division of Medical Oncology , University of Colorado Cancer Center , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology , Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School , Seoul , South Korea
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ElHady AK, El-Gamil DS, Abadi AH, Abdel-Halim M, Engel M. An overview of cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) inhibitors and their therapeutic indications. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:343-398. [PMID: 36262046 DOI: 10.1002/med.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, Clk1 has been identified as a promising target for the treatment of various diseases, in which deregulated alternative splicing plays a role. First small molecules targeting Clk1 are in clinical trials for the treatment of solid cancer, where variants of oncogenic proteins derived from alternative splicing promote tumor progression. Since many infectious pathogens hi-jack the host cell's splicing machinery to ensure efficient replication, further indications in this area are under investigation, such as Influenza A, HIV-1 virus, and Trypanosoma infections, and more will likely be discovered in the future. In addition, Clk1 was found to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease through causing an imbalance of tau splicing products. Interestingly, homozygous Clk1 knockout mice showed a rather mild phenotype, opposed to what might be expected in view of the profound role of Clk1 in alternative splicing. A major drawback of most Clk1 inhibitors is their insufficient selectivity; in particular, Dyrk kinases and haspin were frequently identified as off-targets, besides the other Clk isoforms. Only few inhibitors were shown to be selective over Dyrk1A and haspin, whereas no Clk1 inhibitor so far achieved selectivity over the Clk4 isoform. In this review, we carefully compiled all Clk1 inhibitors from the scientific literature and summarized their structure-activity relationships (SAR). In addition, we critically discuss the available selectivity data and describe the inhibitor's efficacy in cellular models, if reported. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current state of Clk1 drug discovery and highlight the most promising chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K ElHady
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia S El-Gamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhou Z, Cao S, Zhang J. Strategies of Targeting CK2 in Drug Discovery: Challenges, Opportunities, and Emerging Prospects. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2257-2281. [PMID: 36745746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CK2 (casein kinase 2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and plays important roles in a variety of cellular functions, including cell growth, apoptosis, circadian rhythms, DNA damage repair, transcription, and translation. CK2 is involved in cancer pathogenesis and the occurrence of many diseases. Therefore, targeting CK2 is a promising therapeutic strategy. Although many CK2-specific small-molecule inhibitors have been developed, only CX-4945 has progressed to clinical trials. In recent years, novel CK2 inhibitors have gradually become a research hotspot, which is expected to overcome the limitations of traditional inhibitors. Herein, we summarize the structure, biological functions, and disease relevance of CK2 and emphatically analyze the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and binding modes of small-molecule CK2 inhibitors. We also discuss the latest progress of novel strategies, providing insights into new drugs targeting CK2 for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Chen
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Zhilan Zhou
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shu Cao
- West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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36
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Shekar A, Mabry SJ, Cheng MH, Aguilar JI, Patel S, Zanella D, Saleeby DP, Zhu Y, Romanazzi T, Ulery-Reynolds P, Bahar I, Carter AM, Matthies HJG, Galli A. Syntaxin 1 Ser 14 phosphorylation is required for nonvesicular dopamine release. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd8417. [PMID: 36630507 PMCID: PMC9833662 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) is a psychostimulant that is commonly abused. The stimulant properties of AMPH are associated with its ability to increase dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. This increase is promoted by nonvesicular DA release mediated by reversal of DA transporter (DAT) function. Syntaxin 1 (Stx1) is a SNARE protein that is phosphorylated at Ser14 by casein kinase II. We show that Stx1 phosphorylation is critical for AMPH-induced nonvesicular DA release and, in Drosophila melanogaster, regulates the expression of AMPH-induced preference and sexual motivation. Our molecular dynamics simulations of the DAT/Stx1 complex demonstrate that phosphorylation of these proteins is pivotal for DAT to dwell in a DA releasing state. This state is characterized by the breakdown of two key salt bridges within the DAT intracellular gate, causing the opening and hydration of the DAT intracellular vestibule, allowing DA to bind from the cytosol, a mechanism that we hypothesize underlies nonvesicular DA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shekar
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Samuel J. Mabry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary H. Cheng
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenny I. Aguilar
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shalin Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Daniele Zanella
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David P. Saleeby
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yanqi Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tiziana Romanazzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Angela M. Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Wells CI, Drewry DH. Developing a Kinase Chemogenomic Set: Facilitating Investigation into Kinase Biology by Linking Phenotypes to Targets. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2706:11-24. [PMID: 37558938 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3397-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in increasingly complex phenotypic screening with lower throughput have necessitated the screening of smaller more highly annotated sets. One such collection of compounds which has been recently assembled is the kinase chemogenomic set. This is a set of curated kinase inhibitors built upon previous iterations, PKIS and PKIS2, and donations from our partners. Each compound in the set has been carefully selected based on selectivity, potency, and kinome coverage. These compounds as a set have been made available to the scientific community, enabling phenotypic screens to identify kinases that drive novel biology. Additionally, the associated data deposited in the public domain have also been used to inform new inhibitor design. Further expansion of this set to complete kinome coverage will allow for a greater understanding of kinase biology and its role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrow I Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - David H Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Fan J, Tong G, Chen X, Li S, Yu Y, Zhu S, Zhu K, Hu Z, Dong Y, Chen R, Zhu J, Gong W, Hu Z, Zhou B, Chen Y, Jin L, Cong W. CK2 blockade alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing activation of hepatic stellate cells via the Hedgehog pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:44-61. [PMID: 36070072 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liver fibrosis is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The protein kinase CK2 is a pro-survival kinase overexpressed in human tumours. However, the biological role of CK2 in liver fibrosis is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which CK2 promotes liver fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro, LX-2 cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). HSCs were also isolated for research. In vivo, the adeno-associated virus AAV-sh-csnk2a1 was used to knockdown CK2α specifically in HSCs, and CX-4945 was used to pharmacologically inhibit the enzymatic activity of CK2 in murine models of fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) and a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed to study the involvement of CK2 in regulation of fibrogenic and fibrolytic factors as well as activation properties of HSCs. KEY RESULTS HSC-specific genetic invalidation of CK2α or pharmacological inhibition of CK2 protected mice treated with CCl4 or fed a DDC diet against liver fibrosis and HSC accumulation. Mechanistically, CK2α, which bound to Smoothened (SMO), was a positive regulator of the Hedgehog signal transduction pathway. CK2 prevented ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of SMO, which was abolished by knockdown of CK2α or pharmacological inhibition of CK2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CK2 activation is critical to sustain the activated and fibrogenic phenotype of HSCs via SMO stabilization. Therefore, inactivation of CK2 by CX-4945 may be of therapeutic interest for liver fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfu Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaozan Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Santie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shunan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kunxuan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zijing Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonggan Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Pack M, Gulde TN, Völcker MV, Boewe AS, Wrublewsky S, Ampofo E, Montenarh M, Götz C. Protein Kinase CK2 Contributes to Glucose Homeostasis by Targeting Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase 1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010428. [PMID: 36613872 PMCID: PMC9820633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is of critical importance for the survival of organisms. It is under hormonal control and often coordinated by the action of kinases and phosphatases. We have previously shown that CK2 regulates insulin production and secretion in pancreatic β-cells. In order to shed more light on the CK2-regulated network of glucose homeostasis, in the present study, a qRT-PCR array was carried out with 84 diabetes-associated genes. After inhibition of CK2, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) showed a significant lower gene expression. Moreover, FBP1 activity was down-regulated. Being a central enzyme of gluconeogenesis, the secretion of glucose was decreased as well. Thus, FBP1 is a new factor in the CK2-regulated network implicated in carbohydrate metabolism control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Pack
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Nikolai Gulde
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Victoria Völcker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Anne S. Boewe
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Building 65, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Selina Wrublewsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Building 65, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Building 65, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Montenarh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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CIGB-300 Anticancer Peptide Differentially Interacts with CK2 Subunits and Regulates Specific Signaling Mediators in a Highly Sensitive Large Cell Lung Carcinoma Cell Model. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010043. [PMID: 36672551 PMCID: PMC9856093 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) is one form of NSCLC that spreads more aggressively than some other forms, and it represents an unmet medical need. Here, we investigated for the first time the effect of the anti-CK2 CIGB-300 peptide in NCI-H460 cells as an LCLC model. NCI-H460 cells were highly sensitive toward CIGB-300 cytotoxicity, reaching a peak of apoptosis at 6 h. Moreover, CIGB-300 slightly impaired the cell cycle of NCI-H460 cells. The CIGB-300 interactomics profile revealed in more than 300 proteins that many of them participated in biological processes relevant in cancer. Interrogation of the CK2 subunits targeting by CIGB-300 indicated the higher binding of the peptide to the CK2α' catalytic subunit by in vivo pull-down assays plus immunoblotting analysis and confocal microscopy. The down-regulation of both phosphorylation and protein levels of the ribonuclear protein S6 (RPS6) was observed 48 h post treatment. Altogether, we have found that NCI-H460 cells are the most CIGB-300-sensitive solid tumor cell line described so far, and also, the findings we provide here uncover novel features linked to CK2 targeting by the CIGB-300 anticancer peptide.
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Licciardello MP, Workman P. The era of high-quality chemical probes. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1446-1459. [PMID: 36545432 PMCID: PMC9749956 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00291d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule chemical probes are among the most important tools to study the function of proteins in cells and organisms. Regrettably, the use of weak and non-selective small molecules has generated an abundance of erroneous conclusions in the scientific literature. More recently, minimal criteria have been outlined for investigational compounds, encouraging the selection and use of high-quality chemical probes. Here, we briefly recall the milestones and key initiatives that have paved the way to this new era, illustrate examples of recent high-quality chemical probes and provide our perspective on future challenges and developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P. Licciardello
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Paul Workman
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK,The Chemical Probes PortalUK
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Okanishi H, Ohgaki R, Xu M, Endou H, Kanai Y. Phosphoproteomics revealed cellular signals immediately responding to disruption of cancer amino acid homeostasis induced by inhibition of l-type amino acid transporter 1. Cancer Metab 2022; 10:18. [PMID: 36357940 PMCID: PMC9650822 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-022-00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-upregulated l-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1; SLC7A5) supplies essential amino acids to cancer cells. LAT1 substrates are not only needed for cancer rapid growth, but involved in cellular signaling. LAT1 has been proposed as a potential target for cancer treatment—its inhibitor, JPH203, is currently in clinical trials and targets biliary tract cancer (BTC). Here, we revealed to what extent LAT1 inhibitor affects intracellular amino acid content and what kind of cellular signals are directly triggered by LAT1 inhibition. Methods Liquid chromatography assay combined with o-phthalaldehyde- and 9-fluorenyl-methylchloroformate-based derivatization revealed changes in intracellular amino acid levels induced by LAT1 inhibition with JPH203 treatment in three BTC cell lines. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative phosphoproteomics characterized the effect of JPH203 treatment on BTC cells, and suggested key regulators in LAT1-inhibited cells. We further studied one of the key regulators, CK2 protein kinase, by using Western blot, enzymatic activity assay, and co-immunoprecipitation. We evaluated anticancer effects of combination of JPH203 with CK2 inhibitor using cell growth and would healing assay. Results JPH203 treatment decreased intracellular levels of LAT1 substrates including essential amino acids of three BTC cell lines, immediately and drastically. We also found levels of some of these amino acids were partially recovered after longer-time treatment. Therefore, we performed phosphoproteomics with short-time JPH203 treatment prior to the cellular compensatory response, and revealed hundreds of differentially phosphorylated sites. Commonly downregulated phosphorylation sites were found on proteins involved in the cell cycle and RNA splicing. Our phosphoproteomics also suggested key regulators immediately responding to LAT1 inhibition. Focusing on one of these regulators, protein kinase CK2, we revealed LAT1 inhibition decreased phosphorylation of CK2 substrate without changing CK2 enzymatic activity. Furthermore, LAT1 inhibition abolished interaction between CK2 and its regulatory protein NOLC1, which suggests regulatory mechanism of CK2 substrate protein specificity controlled by LAT1 inhibition. Moreover, we revealed that the combination of JPH203 with CK2 inhibitor resulted in the enhanced inhibition of proliferation and migration of BTC cells. Conclusion This study provides new perspectives on LAT1-dependent cellular processes and a rationale for therapeutics targeting reprogrammed cancer metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-022-00295-8.
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Winiewska-Szajewska M, Czapinska H, Kaus-Drobek M, Fricke A, Mieczkowska K, Dadlez M, Bochtler M, Poznański J. Competition between electrostatic interactions and halogen bonding in the protein-ligand system: structural and thermodynamic studies of 5,6-dibromobenzotriazole-hCK2α complexes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18964. [PMID: 36347916 PMCID: PMC9641685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a member of the CMGC group of eukaryotic protein kinases and a cancer drug target. It can be efficiently inhibited by halogenated benzotriazoles and benzimidazoles. Depending on the scaffold, substitution pattern, and pH, these compounds are either neutral or anionic. Their binding poses are dictated by a hydrophobic effect (desolvation) and a tug of war between a salt bridge/hydrogen bond (to K68) and halogen bonding (to E114 and V116 backbone oxygens). Here, we test the idea that binding poses might be controllable by pH for ligands with near-neutral pKa, using the conditionally anionic 5,6-DBBt and constitutively anionic TBBt as our models. We characterize the binding by low-volume Differential Scanning Fluorimetry (nanoDSF), Isothermal Calorimetry (ITC), Hydrogen/Deuterium eXchange (HDX), and X-ray crystallography (MX). The data indicate that the ligand pose away from the hinge dominates for the entire tested pH range (5.5-8.5). The insensitivity of the binding mode to pH is attributed to the perturbation of ligand pKa upon binding that keeps it anionic in the ligand binding pocket at all tested pH values. However, a minor population of the ligand, detectable only by HDX, shifts towards the hinge in acidic conditions. Our findings demonstrate that electrostatic (ionic) interactions predominate over halogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Winiewska-Szajewska
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Honorata Czapinska
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.419362.bInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaus-Drobek
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fricke
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.419362.bInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Mieczkowska
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dadlez
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Bochtler
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.419362.bInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Poznański
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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44
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Koronkiewicz M, Kazimierczuk Z, Orzeszko A. Antitumor activity of the protein kinase inhibitor 1-(β-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo- 1H-benzimidazole in breast cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1069. [PMID: 36243702 PMCID: PMC9571492 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protein kinases CK2 and PIM-1 are involved in cell proliferation and survival, the cell cycle, and drug resistance, and they are found overexpressed in virtually all types of human cancer, including breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of a deoxynucleoside derivative, the protein kinase inhibitor compound 1-(β-D-2′-deoxyribofuranosyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole (K164, also termed TDB), inter alia CK2 and PIM-1, on breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3). Methods An evaluation of the cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and cell cycle progression was performed using an MTT assay, flow cytometry, and microscopic analysis. The Western blotting method was used to analyze the level of proteins important for the survival of breast cancer cells and proteins phosphorylated by the CK2 and PIM-1 kinases. Results The examined compound demonstrated the inhibition of cell viability in all the tested cell lines and apoptotic activity, especially in the MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), cell cycle progression, and the level of the proteins studied were also observed. Conclusions The investigated CK2 and PIM-1 kinase inhibitor K164 is a promising compound that can be considered a potential agent in targeted therapy in selected types of breast cancer; therefore, further research is necessary. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10156-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Koronkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska St. 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Zygmunt Kazimierczuk
- Institute of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159C, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Orzeszko
- Institute of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159C, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Baier A, Szyszka R. CK2 and protein kinases of the CK1 superfamily as targets for neurodegenerative disorders. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:916063. [PMID: 36275622 PMCID: PMC9582958 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.916063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinases are involved in a variety of signaling pathways, and also in inflammation, cancer, and neurological diseases. Therefore, they are regarded as potential therapeutic targets for drug design. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the casein kinase 1 superfamily as well as protein kinase CK2 in the development of several neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. CK1 kinases and their closely related tau tubulin kinases as well as CK2 are found to be overexpressed in the mammalian brain. Numerous substrates have been detected which play crucial roles in neuronal and synaptic network functions and activities. The development of new substances for the treatment of these pathologies is in high demand. The impact of these kinases in the progress of neurodegenerative disorders, their bona fide substrates, and numerous natural and synthetic compounds which are able to inhibit CK1, TTBK, and CK2 are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baier
- *Correspondence: Andrea Baier, ; Ryszard Szyszka,
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Trembley JH, Kren BT, Afzal M, Scaria GA, Klein MA, Ahmed K. Protein kinase CK2 – diverse roles in cancer cell biology and therapeutic promise. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:899-926. [PMID: 36114992 PMCID: PMC9483426 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The association of protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II or 2) with cell growth and proliferation in cells was apparent at early stages of its investigation. A cancer-specific role for CK2 remained unclear until it was determined that CK2 was also a potent suppressor of cell death (apoptosis); the latter characteristic differentiated its function in normal versus malignant cells because dysregulation of both cell growth and cell death is a universal feature of cancer cells. Over time, it became evident that CK2 exerts its influence on a diverse range of cell functions in normal as well as in transformed cells. As such, CK2 and its substrates are localized in various compartments of the cell. The dysregulation of CK2 is documented in a wide range of malignancies; notably, by increased CK2 protein and activity levels with relatively moderate change in its RNA abundance. High levels of CK2 are associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types, and CK2 is a target for active research and testing for cancer therapy. Aspects of CK2 cellular roles and targeting in cancer are discussed in the present review, with focus on nuclear and mitochondrial functions and prostate, breast and head and neck malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Betsy T Kren
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - George A Scaria
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Primary Care Service Line, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Mark A Klein
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Primary Care Service Line, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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47
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Firnau MB, Brieger A. CK2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081987. [PMID: 36009534 PMCID: PMC9405757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is commonly dysregulated in cancer, impacting diverse molecular pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, constitutively active and ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. With over 500 known substrates and being estimated to be responsible for up to 10% of the human phosphoproteome, it is of significant importance. A broad spectrum of diverse types of cancer cells has been already shown to rely on disturbed CK2 levels for their survival. The hallmarks of cancer provide a rationale for understanding cancer’s common traits. They constitute the maintenance of proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling of replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, the activation of invasion and metastasis, as well as avoidance of immune destruction and dysregulation of cellular energetics. In this work, we have compiled evidence from the literature suggesting that CK2 modulates all hallmarks of cancer, thereby promoting oncogenesis and operating as a cancer driver by creating a cellular environment favorable to neoplasia.
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White A, McGlone A, Gomez-Pastor R. Protein Kinase CK2 and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Target in Huntington's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1979. [PMID: 36009526 PMCID: PMC9406209 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT gene, for which no disease modifying therapies are currently available. Much of the recent research has focused on developing therapies to directly lower HTT expression, and while promising, these therapies have presented several challenges regarding administration and efficacy. Another promising therapeutic approach is the modulation of HTT post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are dysregulated in disease and have shown to play a key role in HTT toxicity. Among all PTMs, modulation of HTT phosphorylation has been proposed as an attractive therapeutic option due to the possibility of orally administering specific kinase effectors. One of the kinases described to participate in HTT phosphorylation is Protein Kinase CK2. CK2 has recently emerged as a target for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disorders, although its role in HD remains controversial. While pharmacological studies in vitro inhibiting CK2 resulted in reduced HTT phosphorylation and increased toxicity, genetic approaches in mouse models of HD have provided beneficial effects. In this review we discuss potential therapeutic approaches related to the manipulation of HTT-PTMs with special emphasis on the role of CK2 as a therapeutic target in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Manni S, Pesavento M, Spinello Z, Saggin L, Arjomand A, Fregnani A, Quotti Tubi L, Scapinello G, Gurrieri C, Semenzato G, Trentin L, Piazza F. Protein Kinase CK2 represents a new target to boost Ibrutinib and Venetoclax induced cytotoxicity in mantle cell lymphoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:935023. [PMID: 36035991 PMCID: PMC9403710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.935023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by frequent relapses. In the last decade, the pro-survival pathways related to BCR signaling and Bcl-2 have been considered rational therapeutic targets in B cell derived lymphomas. The BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib and the Bcl-2 inhibitor Venetoclax are emerging as effective drugs for MCL. However, primary and acquired resistance also to these agents may occur. Protein Kinase CK2 is a S/T kinase overexpressed in many solid and blood-derived tumours. CK2 promotes cancer cell growth and clonal expansion, sustaining pivotal survival signaling cascades, such as the ones dependent on AKT, NF-κB, STAT3 and others, counteracting apoptosis through a “non-oncogene” addiction mechanism. We previously showed that CK2 is overexpressed in MCL and regulates the levels of activating phosphorylation on S529 of the NF-κB family member p65/RelA. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CK2 inactivation on MCL cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis and this kinase’s involvement in the BCR and Bcl-2 related signaling. By employing CK2 loss of function MCL cell models, we demonstrated that CK2 sustains BCR signaling (such as BTK, NF-κB and AKT) and the Bcl-2-related Mcl-1 expression. CK2 inactivation enhanced Ibrutinib and Venetoclax-induced cytotoxicity. The demonstration of a CK2-dependent upregulation of pathways that may antagonize the effect of these drugs may offer a novel strategy to overcome primary and secondary resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sabrina Manni, ; Francesco Piazza,
| | - Maria Pesavento
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Lara Saggin
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Arash Arjomand
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fregnani
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Scapinello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sabrina Manni, ; Francesco Piazza,
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50
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Nipun VB, Amin KA. Recent Advances in Protein Kinase CK2, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 48:919-931. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. B. Nipun
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical Collage, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. A. Amin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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