1
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González-Muñoz T, Di Giannatale A, García-Silva S, Santos V, Sánchez-Redondo S, Savini C, Graña-Castro O, Blanco-Aparicio C, Fischer S, De Wever O, Creus-Bachiller E, Ortega-Bertran S, Pisapia DJ, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Fernández-Rodríguez J, Pérez-Portabella CR, Alaggio R, Benassi MS, Pazzaglia L, Scotlandi K, Ratner N, Yohay K, Theuer CP, Peinado H. Endoglin, a Novel Biomarker and Therapeutical Target to Prevent Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3744-3758. [PMID: 37432984 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are highly aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas that lack effective treatments, underscoring the urgent need to uncover novel mediators of MPNST pathogenesis that may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Tumor angiogenesis is considered a critical event in MPNST transformation and progression. Here, we have investigated whether endoglin (ENG), a TGFβ coreceptor with a crucial role in angiogenesis, could be a novel therapeutic target in MPNSTs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ENG expression was evaluated in human peripheral nerve sheath tumor tissues and plasma samples. Effects of tumor cell-specific ENG expression on gene expression, signaling pathway activation and in vivo MPNST growth and metastasis, were investigated. The efficacy of ENG targeting in monotherapy or in combination with MEK inhibition was analyzed in xenograft models. RESULTS ENG expression was found to be upregulated in both human MPNST tumor tissues and plasma-circulating small extracellular vesicles. We demonstrated that ENG modulates Smad1/5 and MAPK/ERK pathway activation and pro-angiogenic and pro-metastatic gene expression in MPNST cells and plays an active role in tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Targeting with ENG-neutralizing antibodies (TRC105/M1043) decreased MPNST growth and metastasis in xenograft models by reducing tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Moreover, combination of anti-ENG therapy with MEK inhibition effectively reduced tumor cell growth and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data unveil a tumor-promoting function of ENG in MPNSTs and support the use of this protein as a novel biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa González-Muñoz
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Susana García-Silva
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Santos
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez-Redondo
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Savini
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Patients in Science, Medical Writing and Communication, Valencia, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña-Castro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Suzanne Fischer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edgar Creus-Bachiller
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Bertran
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David J Pisapia
- Englander Institute of Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jose L Rodríguez-Peralto
- Department of Dermatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Investigation institute I+12, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Fernández-Rodríguez
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Plataforma Mouse Lab, Servicios Científico-Técnicos, IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rita Alaggio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Benassi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kaleb Yohay
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Eismann L, von Walter P, Jung A, Chaloupka M, Rodler S, Westhofen T, Buchner A, Stief CG, Stadler T, Schlenker B. Methylation status of various gene loci in localized prostate cancer: Novel biomarkers for diagnostics and biochemical recurrence. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:325.e1-325.e8. [PMID: 37179150 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncologic outcomes for patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) can vary widely. Hypermethylation of tumor-associated genes has potential as a novel diagnostic tool and predictive biomarker in PCa. We investigated the methylation status of tumor-associated genes in patients who underwent RP. METHODS Patients who underwent RP during 2004 to 2008 were matched retrospectively based on post-operative D'Amico risk stratification. Quantitative pyrosequencing was used to analyze methylation status of 10 gene loci in cancerous and adjacent benign tissue from histological specimen. Follow-up was performed according to EAU guideline recommendations. Statistical analyses were performed to correlate methylation levels in cancerous and benign tissue with risk profiles and biochemical recurrence (BCR). RESULTS The cohort included 71 patients: 22 low-risk, 22 intermediate-risk, and 27 high-risk. Mean follow-up time was 74 months. Methylation status differed significantly between cancerous and adjacent benign tissue for the 5 gene loci GSTP1, APC, RASSF1, TNFRFS10c, and RUNX3 (each P < 0.001). Also, the methylation level was significantly higher in high-risk than in low-risk patients for Endoglin2 and APC (P = 0.026; P = 0.032). Using ROC analysis, hypermethylation of APC in PCa tissue was associated with higher risk of BCR (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Methylation status of various gene loci holds diagnostic and predictive potential in PCa. Hypermethylation of APC, RASSF1, TNFRFS10c and RUNX3 were identified as novel PCa-specific biomarkers. Furthermore, increased methylation levels of APC and Endoglin2 were associated with high-risk PCa. Additionally, hypermethylation of APC was associated with increased risk of BCR after RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennert Eismann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Philipp von Walter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Chaloupka
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Severin Rodler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Thilo Westhofen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Stadler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Boris Schlenker
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
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3
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Hakuno SK, Janson SGT, Trietsch MD, de Graaf M, de Jonge-Muller E, Crobach S, Harryvan TJ, Boonstra JJ, Dinjens WNM, Slingerland M, Hawinkels LJAC. Endoglin and squamous cell carcinomas. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1112573. [PMID: 37396898 PMCID: PMC10313935 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the role of endoglin on endothelial cells has been extensively described, its expression and biological role on (epithelial) cancer cells is still debatable. Especially its function on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated SCC endoglin expression and function in three types of SCCs; head and neck (HNSCC), esophageal (ESCC) and vulvar (VSCC) cancers. Endoglin expression was evaluated in tumor specimens and 14 patient-derived cell lines. Next to being expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells, endoglin is selectively expressed by individual SCC cells in tumor nests. Patient derived HNSCC, ESCC and VSCC cell lines express varying levels of endoglin with high interpatient variation. To assess the function of endoglin in signaling of TGF-β ligands, endoglin was overexpressed or knocked out or the signaling was blocked using TRC105, an endoglin neutralizing antibody. The endoglin ligand BMP-9 induced strong phosphorylation of SMAD1 independent of expression of the type-I receptor ALK1. Interestingly, we observed that endoglin overexpression leads to strongly increased soluble endoglin levels, which in turn decreases BMP-9 signaling. On the functional level, endoglin, both in a ligand dependent and independent manner, did not influence proliferation or migration of the SCC cells. In conclusion, these data show endoglin expression on individual cells in the tumor nests in SCCs and a role for (soluble) endoglin in paracrine signaling, without directly affecting proliferation or migration in an autocrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Hakuno
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefanus G. T. Janson
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn D. Trietsch
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manon de Graaf
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eveline de Jonge-Muller
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stijn Crobach
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom J. Harryvan
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J. Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Winand N. M. Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marije Slingerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lukas J. A. C. Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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4
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Ruiz-Llorente L, Ruiz-Rodríguez MJ, Savini C, González-Muñoz T, Riveiro-Falkenbach E, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Peinado H, Bernabeu C. Correlation Between Endoglin and Malignant Phenotype in Human Melanoma Cells: Analysis of hsa-mir-214 and hsa-mir-370 in Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:253-272. [PMID: 37093432 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Endoglin (CD105) is an auxiliary receptor of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family members that is expressed in human melanomas. It is heterogeneously expressed by primary and metastatic melanoma cells, and endoglin targeting as a therapeutic strategy for melanoma tumors is currently been explored. However, its involvement in tumor development and malignancy is not fully understood. Here, we find that endoglin expression correlates with malignancy of primary melanomas and cultured melanoma cell lines. Next, we have analyzed the effect of ectopic endoglin expression on two miRNAs (hsa-mir-214 and hsa-mir-370), both involved in melanoma tumor progression and endoglin regulation. We show that compared with control cells, overexpression of endoglin in the WM-164 melanoma cell line induces; (i) a significant increase of hsa-mir-214 levels in small extracellular vesicles (EVs) as well as an increased trend in cells; and (ii) significantly lower levels of hsa-mir-370 in the EVs fractions, whereas no significant differences were found in cells. As hsa-mir-214 and hsa-mir-370 are not just involved in melanoma tumor progression, but they can also target endoglin-expressing endothelial cells in the tumor vasculature, these results suggest a complex and differential regulatory mechanism involving the intracellular and extracellular signaling of hsa-mir-214 and hsa-mir-370 in melanoma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ruiz-Llorente
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of System Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Savini
- Microenvironment & Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa González-Muñoz
- Microenvironment & Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erica Riveiro-Falkenbach
- Department of Pathology, Instituto i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Rodríguez-Peralto
- Department of Pathology, Instituto i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment & Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Oladejo M, Nguyen HM, Seah H, Datta A, Wood LM. Tumoral CD105 promotes immunosuppression, metastasis, and angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 72:1633-1646. [PMID: 36586013 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD105 (endoglin) is a transmembrane protein that functions as a TGF-beta coreceptor and is highly expressed on endothelial cells. Unsurprisingly, preclinical and clinical evidence strongly suggests that CD105 is an important contributor to tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. Emerging evidence suggests that CD105 is also expressed by tumor cells themselves in certain cancers such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In human RCC tumor cells, CD105 expression is associated with stem cell-like properties and contributes to the malignant phenotype in vitro and in xenograft models. However, as a regulator of TGF-beta signaling, there is a striking lack of evidence for the role of tumor-expressed CD105 in the anti-tumor immune response and the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we report that tumor cell-expressed CD105 potentiates both the in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic potential of RCC in a syngeneic murine RCC tumor model. Importantly, we find that tumor cell-expressed CD105 sculpts the tumor microenvironment by enhancing the recruitment of immunosuppressive cell types and inhibiting the polyfunctionality of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Finally, while CD105 expression by endothelial cells is a well-established contributor to tumor angiogenesis, we also find that tumor cell-expressed CD105 significantly contributes to tumor angiogenesis in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Hong-My Nguyen
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Hannah Seah
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Arani Datta
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Laurence M Wood
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, USA.
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6
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Schoonderwoerd MJA, Hakuno SK, Sassen M, Kuhlemaijer EB, Paauwe M, Slingerland M, Fransen MF, Hawinkels LJAC. Targeting Endoglin Expressing Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment Does Not Inhibit Tumor Growth in a Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:5205-5220. [PMID: 34744438 PMCID: PMC8565992 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s322276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer and is known to have low immunogenicity and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. It is also characterized by high accumulation of dense stroma, composed of mostly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Multiple subsets of CAFs are described, with one of them expressing the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β co-receptor endoglin. In previous work, we and others have shown that endoglin-expressing CAFs stimulate tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, in this study, we set out to investigate the role of endoglin-expressing CAFs in pancreatic cancer progression. Methods First, we investigated the expression of endoglin on CAFs in both human tissues as well as a mouse model for PDAC. Since CAF-specific endoglin expression was high, we targeted endoglin by using the endoglin neutralizing antibody TRC105 in the murine KPC model for PDAC. Results Although some signs of immune activation were observed, TRC105 did not affect tumor growth. Since 90% of the CD8+ T-cells expressed the immune checkpoint PD-1, we investigated the combination with a PD1 checkpoint inhibitor, which did not enhance therapeutic responses. Finally, genetic deletion of endoglin from collagen 1a1 expressing cells also did not affect the growth of the mouse KPC tumors. Conclusion Our results show that although endoglin is highly expressed on PDAC-CAFs and signaling is efficiently inhibited by TRC105, this does not result in decreased tumor growth in the KPC model for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J A Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah K Hakuno
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Sassen
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonore B Kuhlemaijer
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Madelon Paauwe
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Slingerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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7
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Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: From diagnosis to prognosis and precision-guided therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107932. [PMID: 34174272 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and among the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, ranging from remarkably slow progression or inertia to highly aggressive and fatal disease. As therapeutic decision-making, clinical trial design and outcome highly depend on the appropriate stratification of patients to risk groups, it is imperative to differentiate between benign versus more aggressive states. The incorporation of clinically valuable prognostic and predictive biomarkers is also potentially amenable in this process, in the timely prevention of metastatic disease and in the decision for therapy selection. This review summarizes the progress that has so far been made in the identification of the genomic events that can be used for the classification, prediction and prognostication of PCa, and as major targets for clinical intervention. We include an extensive list of emerging biomarkers for which there is enough preclinical evidence to suggest that they may constitute crucial targets for achieving significant advances in the management of the disease. Finally, we highlight the main challenges that are associated with the identification of clinically significant PCa biomarkers and recommend possible ways to overcome such limitations.
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8
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Pina F, Ferro A, Botelho F, Manso M, Dias N, Figueiredo G, Pereira P, Dinis P, Barros H, Lunet N. Can serum endoglin be used to improve the diagnostic performance in prostate cancer? World J Urol 2021; 39:4135-4142. [PMID: 34009416 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE New biomarkers may contribute to avoid unnecessary biopsies resulting from the suboptimal performance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. This study aimed to assess serum endoglin as a prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic tool among biopsy candidates. METHODS A total of 262 consecutive patients referred for prostate biopsy based on abnormal digital rectal examination and/or elevated total PSA (tPSA) who had serum endoglin assessed by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were selected. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the predictive accuracy of different combinations of biomarkers to distinguish between PCa and benign prostatic conditions, and to identify cut-offs that maximize the ability of endoglin to rule out patients for biopsy (highest sensitivities). RESULTS Serum endoglin levels were higher in patients with PCa (median: 7.86 vs. 5.88 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Among patients with baseline tPSA ≤ 10 ng/mL the area under the curve was 0.69 for endoglin. Approximately one-quarter of the patients had serum endoglin < 4.92 ng/mL (sensitivity: 90.3%; specificity: 32.8%), and the probability of PCa varied from 37.7% before testing to 15.2% among those with low endoglin levels [negative predictive value (NPV) = 84.8%]. When restricting the analyses to patients with free/total PSA ratio > 0.25, the probability of cancer was less than 5% among those with serum endoglin < 6.04 ng/mL (sensitivity: 93.8%; specificity: 56.1%), corresponding to a NPV of 95.8%; this could allow sparing approximately 40% of patients from biopsy. CONCLUSIONS Serum endoglin may be useful in clinical practice to distinguish between PCa and non-cancer patients among prostatic biopsy candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pina
- S. João University and Hospital Center-Urology, Porto, Portugal
- Lapa Hospital-Urology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ferro
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Margarida Manso
- S. João University and Hospital Center-Urology, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dias
- S. João University and Hospital Center-Urology, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Pereira
- S. João University and Hospital Center-Pathology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Dinis
- S. João University and Hospital Center-Urology, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Sier VQ, van der Vorst JR, Quax PHA, de Vries MR, Zonoobi E, Vahrmeijer AL, Dekkers IA, de Geus-Oei LF, Smits AM, Cai W, Sier CFM, Goumans MJTH, Hawinkels LJAC. Endoglin/CD105-Based Imaging of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4804. [PMID: 33946583 PMCID: PMC8124553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging of pathologic lesions can improve efficient detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A shared pathophysiological feature is angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Endoglin (CD105) is a coreceptor for ligands of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family and is highly expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells. Therefore, endoglin-based imaging has been explored to visualize lesions of the aforementioned diseases. This systematic review highlights the progress in endoglin-based imaging of cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and aortic aneurysm, focusing on positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and ultrasound imaging. PubMed was searched combining the following subjects and their respective synonyms or relevant subterms: "Endoglin", "Imaging/Image-guided surgery". In total, 59 papers were found eligible to be included: 58 reporting about preclinical animal or in vitro models and one ex vivo study in human organs. In addition to exact data extraction of imaging modality type, tumor or cardiovascular disease model, and tracer (class), outcomes were described via a narrative synthesis. Collectively, the data identify endoglin as a suitable target for intraoperative and diagnostic imaging of the neovasculature in tumors, whereas for cardiovascular diseases, the evidence remains scarce but promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Q. Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (P.H.A.Q.); (M.R.d.V.); (E.Z.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Joost R. van der Vorst
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (P.H.A.Q.); (M.R.d.V.); (E.Z.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (P.H.A.Q.); (M.R.d.V.); (E.Z.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (P.H.A.Q.); (M.R.d.V.); (E.Z.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Elham Zonoobi
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (P.H.A.Q.); (M.R.d.V.); (E.Z.); (A.L.V.)
- Edinburgh Molecular Imaging Ltd. (EMI), Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Alexander L. Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (P.H.A.Q.); (M.R.d.V.); (E.Z.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Ilona A. Dekkers
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anke M. Smits
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.S.); (M.J.T.H.G.)
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Cornelis F. M. Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.Q.S.); (J.R.v.d.V.); (P.H.A.Q.); (M.R.d.V.); (E.Z.); (A.L.V.)
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie José T. H. Goumans
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.S.); (M.J.T.H.G.)
| | - Lukas J. A. C. Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
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10
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Ollauri-Ibáñez C, Ayuso-Íñigo B, Pericacho M. Hot and Cold Tumors: Is Endoglin (CD105) a Potential Target for Vessel Normalization? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1552. [PMID: 33800564 PMCID: PMC8038031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are complex masses formed by malignant but also by normal cells. The interaction between these cells via cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymes that remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the tumor microenvironment (TME). This TME can be determinant in the prognosis and the response to some treatments such as immunotherapy. Depending on their TME, two types of tumors can be defined: hot tumors, characterized by an immunosupportive TME and a good response to immunotherapy; and cold tumors, which respond poorly to this therapy and are characterized by an immunosuppressive TME. A therapeutic strategy that has been shown to be useful for the conversion of cold tumors into hot tumors is vascular normalization. In this review we propose that endoglin (CD105) may be a useful target of this strategy since it is involved in the three main processes involved in the generation of the TME: angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) accumulation. Moreover, the analysis of endoglin expression in tumors, which is already used in the clinic to study the microvascular density and that is associated with worse prognosis, could be used to predict a patient's response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Pericacho
- Renal and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Group of Physiopathology of the Vascular Endothelium (ENDOVAS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.O.-I.); (B.A.-Í.)
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11
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Endoglin in the Spotlight to Treat Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063186. [PMID: 33804796 PMCID: PMC8003971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A spotlight has been shone on endoglin in recent years due to that fact of its potential to serve as both a reliable disease biomarker and a therapeutic target. Indeed, endoglin has now been assigned many roles in both physiological and pathological processes. From a molecular point of view, endoglin mainly acts as a co-receptor in the canonical TGFβ pathway, but also it may be shed and released from the membrane, giving rise to the soluble form, which also plays important roles in cell signaling. In cancer, in particular, endoglin may contribute to either an oncogenic or a non-oncogenic phenotype depending on the cell context. The fact that endoglin is expressed by neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment suggests new possibilities for targeted therapies. Here, we aimed to review and discuss the many roles played by endoglin in different tumor types, as well as the strong evidence provided by pre-clinical and clinical studies that supports the therapeutic targeting of endoglin as a novel clinical strategy.
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12
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Suchacki KJ, Morton NM, Vary C, Huesa C, Yadav MC, Thomas BJ, Turban S, Bunger L, Ball D, Barrios-Llerena ME, Guntur AR, Khavandgar Z, Cawthorn WP, Ferron M, Karsenty G, Murshed M, Rosen CJ, MacRae VE, Millán JL, Farquharson C. PHOSPHO1 is a skeletal regulator of insulin resistance and obesity. BMC Biol 2020; 18:149. [PMID: 33092598 PMCID: PMC7584094 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classical functions of the skeleton encompass locomotion, protection and mineral homeostasis. However, cell-specific gene deletions in the mouse and human genetic studies have identified the skeleton as a key endocrine regulator of metabolism. The bone-specific phosphatase, Phosphatase, Orphan 1 (PHOSPHO1), which is indispensable for bone mineralisation, has been recently implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism in humans, but its role in systemic metabolism remains unclear. Here, we probe the mechanism underlying metabolic regulation by analysing Phospho1 mutant mice. RESULTS Phospho1-/- mice exhibited improved basal glucose homeostasis and resisted high-fat-diet-induced weight gain and diabetes. The metabolic protection in Phospho1-/- mice was manifested in the absence of altered levels of osteocalcin. Osteoblasts isolated from Phospho1-/- mice were enriched for genes associated with energy metabolism and diabetes; Phospho1 both directly and indirectly interacted with genes associated with glucose transport and insulin receptor signalling. Canonical thermogenesis via brown adipose tissue did not underlie the metabolic protection observed in adult Phospho1-/- mice. However, the decreased serum choline levels in Phospho1-/- mice were normalised by feeding a 2% choline rich diet resulting in a normalisation in insulin sensitivity and fat mass. CONCLUSION We show that mice lacking the bone mineralisation enzyme PHOSPHO1 exhibit improved basal glucose homeostasis and resist high-fat-diet-induced weight gain and diabetes. This study identifies PHOSPHO1 as a potential bone-derived therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla J Suchacki
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. .,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Calvin Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Carmen Huesa
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Manisha C Yadav
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Benjamin J Thomas
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Sophie Turban
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Lutz Bunger
- Scottish Rural College, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Derek Ball
- Medical Sciences and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Zohreh Khavandgar
- Department of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - William P Cawthorn
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gérard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Department of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jose Luis Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Colin Farquharson
- Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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13
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Schoonderwoerd MJA, Koops MFM, Angela RA, Koolmoes B, Toitou M, Paauwe M, Barnhoorn MC, Liu Y, Sier CFM, Hardwick JCH, Nixon AB, Theuer CP, Fransen MF, Hawinkels LJAC. Targeting Endoglin-Expressing Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment Enhances the Effect of PD1 Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3831-3842. [PMID: 32332012 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endoglin is a coreceptor for TGFβ ligands that is highly expressed on proliferating endothelial cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. Clinical studies have noted increased programmed cell death (PD)-1 expression on cytotoxic T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer treated with TRC105, an endoglin-targeting antibody. In this study, we investigated the combination of endoglin antibodies (TRC105 and M1043) with an anti-PD1 antibody. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The combination anti-endoglin/anti-PD1 antibodies was tested in four preclinical mouse models representing different stages of cancer development. To investigate the underlying mechanism, Fc-receptor-knockout mice were used complemented with depletion of multiple immune subsets in mice. Tumor growth and the composition of immune infiltrate were analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, human colorectal cancer specimens were analyzed for presence of endoglin-expressing regulatory T cells (Treg). RESULTS In all models, the combination of endoglin antibody and PD1 inhibition produced durable tumor responses, leading to complete regressions in 30% to 40% of the mice. These effects were dependent on the presence of Fcγ receptors, indicating the involvement of antibody-dependent cytotoxic responses and the presence of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+ Th cells. Interestingly, treatment with the endoglin antibody, TRC105, significantly decreased the number of intratumoral Tregs. Endoglin-expressing Tregs were also detected in human colorectal cancer specimens. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data provide a rationale for combining TRC105 and anti-PD1 therapy and provide additional evidence of endoglin's immunomodulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J A Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike F M Koops
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ricardo A Angela
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bryan Koolmoes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Melpomeni Toitou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Madelon Paauwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke C Barnhoorn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - James C H Hardwick
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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14
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Schoonderwoerd MJA, Goumans MJTH, Hawinkels LJAC. Endoglin: Beyond the Endothelium. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020289. [PMID: 32059544 PMCID: PMC7072477 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Keywords: endoglin; CD105 TGF-β; BMP9; ALK-1; TRC105; tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. A. Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Gastrenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lukas J. A. C. Hawinkels
- Department of Gastrenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-71-526-6736
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15
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Zhou W, Yang F, Xu Z, Luo M, Wang P, Guo Y, Nie H, Yao L, Jiang Q. Comprehensive Analysis of Copy Number Variations in Kidney Cancer by Single-Cell Exome Sequencing. Front Genet 2020; 10:1379. [PMID: 32038722 PMCID: PMC6989475 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and lethal subtype of kidney cancer. VHL and PBRM1 are the top two significantly mutated genes in ccRCC specimens, while the genetic mechanism of the VHL/PBRM1-negative ccRCC remains to be elucidated. Here we carried out a comprehensive analysis of single-cell genomic copy number variations (CNVs) in VHL/PBRM1-negative ccRCC. Genomic CNVs were identified at the single-cell level, and the tumor cells showed widespread amplification and deletion across the whole genome. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the amplified genes are significantly enriched in cancer-related signaling transduction pathways. Besides, receptor protein tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes also showed widespread copy number variations in cancer cells. Our studies indicated that the genomic CNVs in RTK genes and downstream signaling transduction pathways may be involved in VHL/PBRM1-negative ccRCC pathogenesis and progression, and highlighted the role of the comprehensive investigation of genomic CNVs at the single-cell level in both clarifying pathogenic mechanism and identifying potential therapeutic targets in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaochun Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lifen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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16
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DLC-1 tumor suppressor regulates CD105 expression on human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells through inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling. Exp Cell Res 2020; 386:111732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Wang FT, Sun W, Zhang JT, Fan YZ. Cancer-associated fibroblast regulation of tumor neo-angiogenesis as a therapeutic target in cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3055-3065. [PMID: 30867734 PMCID: PMC6396119 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate blood supply is essential for tumor survival, growth and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic and complex, comprising cancer cells, cancer-associated stromal cells and their extracellular products. The TME serves an important role in tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the principal component of stromal cells within the TME, and contribute to tumor neo-angiogenesis by altering the proteome and degradome. The present paper reviews previous studies of the molecular signaling pathways by which CAFs promote tumor neo-angiogenesis and highlights therapeutic response targets. Also discussed are potential strategies for antitumor neo-angiogenesis to improve tumor treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Tao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Zu Fan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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18
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Morii K, Uematsu R, Yamamoto T, Nakamura S, Okushin H, Nishiwaki N, Watanabe T, Kai K, Sato S. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Patient with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Intern Med 2018; 57:3545-3549. [PMID: 30146556 PMCID: PMC6355409 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1056-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 76-year-old woman with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) showed elevated serum hepatobiliary enzyme levels, and abdominal imaging studies revealed a hepatic tumor. Her serum alpha-fetoprotein level was 759.5 ng/mL. A pathological examination after hepatectomy confirmed a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An examination of the surrounding liver revealed dilated vessels and thickened endothelial cells without inflammations. HHT patients without other risk factors (like this patient) reportedly have a lower incidence of common cancers, including HCC, in comparison to the unaffected population. One intriguing hypothesis that might explain the hepatocarcinogenesis in this situation is the ischemic liver cirrhosis theory, which suggests that chronic ischemia may cause parenchymal strain and promote inappropriate hepatocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Morii
- Department of Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Japan
| | - Riku Uematsu
- Department of Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamamoto
- Department of Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Okushin
- Department of Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishiwaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Japan
| | - Takanori Watanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Japan
| | - Shiso Sato
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Japan
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19
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Heterogeneous cancer-associated fibroblast population potentiates neuroendocrine differentiation and castrate resistance in a CD105-dependent manner. Oncogene 2018; 38:716-730. [PMID: 30177832 PMCID: PMC7182071 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous prostatic carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAF) contribute to tumor progression and resistance to androgen signaling deprivation therapy (ADT). CAF subjected to extended passaging, compared to low passage CAF, were found to lose tumor expansion potential and heterogeneity. Cell surface endoglin (CD105), known to be expressed on proliferative endothelia and mesenchymal stem cells, was diminished in high passage CAF. RNA-sequencing revealed SFRP1 to be distinctly expressed by tumor-inductive CAF, which was further demonstrated to occur in a CD105-dependent manner. Moreover, ADT resulted in further expansion of the CD105+ fibroblastic population and downstream SFRP1 in 3-dimensional cultures and patient derived xenograft tissues. In patients, CD105+ fibroblasts were found to circumscribe epithelia with neuroendocrine differentiation. CAF-derived SFRP1, driven by CD105 signaling, was necessary and sufficient to induce prostate cancer neuroendocrine differentiation in a paracrine manner. A partially humanized CD105 neutralizing antibody, TRC105, inhibited fibroblastic SFRP1 expression and epithelial neuroendocrine differentiation. In a novel synthetic lethality paradigm, we found that simultaneously targeting the epithelia and its microenvironment with ADT and TRC105, respectively, reduced castrate resistant tumor progression, in a model where either ADT or TRC105 alone had little effect.
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20
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Becker LM, LeBleu VS. Endoglin Targeting in Colorectal Tumor Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6110-6111. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Paauwe M, Schoonderwoerd MJA, Helderman RFCP, Harryvan TJ, Groenewoud A, van Pelt GW, Bor R, Hemmer DM, Versteeg HH, Snaar-Jagalska BE, Theuer CP, Hardwick JCH, Sier CFM, Ten Dijke P, Hawinkels LJAC. Endoglin Expression on Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Regulates Invasion and Stimulates Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6331-6344. [PMID: 29945992 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a major component of the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment. CAFs play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis, partly through TGF-β signaling pathway. We investigated whether the TGF-β family coreceptor endoglin is involved in CAF-mediated invasion and metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CAF-specific endoglin expression was studied in colorectal cancer resection specimens using IHC and related to metastases-free survival. Endoglin-mediated invasion was assessed in vitro by transwell invasion, using primary colorectal cancer-derived CAFs. Effects of CAF-specific endoglin expression on tumor cell invasion were investigated in a colorectal cancer zebrafish model, whereas liver metastases were assessed in a mouse model. RESULTS CAFs specifically at invasive borders of colorectal cancer express endoglin and increased expression intensity correlated with increased disease stage. Endoglin-expressing CAFs were also detected in lymph node and liver metastases, suggesting a role in colorectal cancer metastasis formation. In stage II colorectal cancer, CAF-specific endoglin expression at invasive borders correlated with poor metastasis-free survival. In vitro experiments revealed that endoglin is indispensable for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9-induced signaling and CAF survival. Targeting endoglin using the neutralizing antibody TRC105 inhibited CAF invasion in vitro. In zebrafish, endoglin-expressing fibroblasts enhanced colorectal tumor cell infiltration into the liver and decreased survival. Finally, CAF-specific endoglin targeting with TRC105 decreased metastatic spread of colorectal cancer cells to the mouse liver. CONCLUSIONS Endoglin-expressing CAFs contribute to colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. TRC105 treatment inhibits CAF invasion and tumor metastasis, indicating an additional target beyond the angiogenic endothelium, possibly contributing to beneficial effects reported during clinical evaluations.See related commentary by Becker and LeBleu, p. 6110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon Paauwe
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J A Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roxan F C P Helderman
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom J Harryvan
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arwin Groenewoud
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gabi W van Pelt
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalie Bor
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Hemmer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- Department of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - James C H Hardwick
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. .,Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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22
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Duarte CW, Black AW, Lucas FL, Vary CPH. Cancer incidence in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:209-214. [PMID: 27638773 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder characterized by deficiency in endoglin, an angiogenic protein. We previously showed that HHT, in which systemic endoglin expression is reduced, was associated with better survival outcomes in cancer patients (Duarte et al. in Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 23:117-125, 2014). Here, we evaluated whether HHT was associated with reduced cancer incidence. METHODS A matched case-control analysis using SEER Medicare was conducted to evaluate the effect of HHT on diagnosis with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer between 2000 and 2007 (n = 633,162). Cancer and non-cancer patients were matched on age, sex, SEER registry region, and length of the ascertainment period for HHT. We assessed crude association using a McNemar's test and then adjusted for demographic variables, cancer type, cancer stage, comorbidities, and ascertainment period with a conditional logistic regression model for cancer incidence. RESULTS The McNemar's test showed no significant association between HHT and cancer incidence (p = 0.74). Adjusting for covariates with the conditional logistic regression model did not change the result [HHT odds ratio 0.978; 95 % CI (0.795, 1.204)]. The lack of association between HHT and cancer incidence is unexpected given the previously discovered significant association between HHT and improved survival outcomes (Duarte et al. in Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 23:117-125, 2014). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the protective effect of reduced systemic endoglin expression in cancer is specific to cancer progression through its effect on vascularization and other stromal effects but does not extend to cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W Duarte
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 509 Forest Ave. Suite 200, Portland, ME, USA.
| | - Adam W Black
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 509 Forest Ave. Suite 200, Portland, ME, USA
| | - F Lee Lucas
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 509 Forest Ave. Suite 200, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
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23
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Kirov A, Kacer D, Conley BA, Vary CPH, Prudovsky I. AHNAK2 Participates in the Stress-Induced Nonclassical FGF1 Secretion Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1522-31. [PMID: 25560297 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
FGF1 is a nonclassically released growth factor that regulates carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In vitro and in vivo, FGF1 export is stimulated by cell stress. Upon stress, FGF1 is transported to the plasma membrane where it localizes prior to transmembrane translocation. To determine which proteins participate in the submembrane localization of FGF1 and its export, we used immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry to identify novel proteins that associate with FGF1 during heat shock. The heat shock-dependent association of FGF1 with the large protein AHNAK2 was observed. Heat shock induced the translocation of FGF1 and AHNAK2 to the cytoskeletal fraction. In heat-shocked cells, FGF1 and the C-terminal fragment of AHNAK2 colocalized with F-actin in the vicinity of the cell membrane. Depletion of AHNAK2 resulted in a drastic decrease of stress-induced FGF1 export but did not affect spontaneous FGF2 export and FGF1 release induced by the inhibition of Notch signaling. Thus, AHNAK2 is an important element of the FGF1 nonclassical export pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Kirov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, 04074, Maine
| | - Doreen Kacer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, 04074, Maine
| | - Barbara A Conley
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, 04074, Maine
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, 04074, Maine
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, 04074, Maine
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24
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Small bowel adenocarcinoma arising in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: A case report. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2137-2139. [PMID: 26998137 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) are reportedly at a lower overall risk of malignancies, and small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) arising in a HHT patient is extremely rare. In this study, the case of a 37-year-old female with HHT who developed a poorly differentiated jejunal adenocarcinoma five years after ileocecal resection for multiple colonic adenomas is presented. The patient underwent curative resection of the cancer invading the ileum and the mesentery of the transverse colon, but had to overcome critical complications perioperatively, stemming from HHT-associated peripheral capillary dilatation and arteriovenous malformation, including nosebleeds and possible infusion-induced air embolism through pulmonary shunts. The patient subsequently received adjuvant chemotherapy including capecitabine and oxaliplatin for 6 months, and currently remains alive without any evidence of recurrence 12 months after the second surgery. This patient with SBA was an instructive case demonstrating the necessity of careful attention during major surgery in HHT.
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25
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Grivas N, Goussia A, Stefanou D, Giannakis D. Microvascular density and immunohistochemical expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in benign prostatic hyperplasia, high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer. Cent European J Urol 2016; 69:63-71. [PMID: 27123329 PMCID: PMC4846728 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2016.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of our study was to determine and compare angiogenesis in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostate cancer (Pca). Moreover, we evaluated its role as a prognostic factor for Pca. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined 39, 12 and 51 samples of BPH, HGPIN and Pca, respectively. Immunohistochemical methods were applied in order to evaluate the expression of VEGF and its receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2), while microvascular density (MVD) was determined using CD105. In Pca samples, we recorded stage, differentiation, perineural invasion, adjuvant radiotherapy and their correlation with angiogenesis. RESULTS 225 The expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was significantly higher in Pca than compared to BPH (p <0.001, p <0.001 and p <0.001, respectively) and HGPIN (p <0.001, p <0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively), while there was no difference between BPH and HGPIN. MVD was higher in Pca compared to BPH (p <0.001) and HGPIN (p <0.01), while there was no difference between BPH and HGPIN. VEGF expression and MVD were significantly greater in Pca samples with poor differentiation (p = 0.044 and p = 0.038, respectively) and perineural invasion (p <0.001 and p = 0.019, respectively), while overexpression of VEGF was associated with advanced pathological stage (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis is more prominent in Pca than in BPH and HGPIN, while there is no difference between BPH and HGPIN. Pharmaceutical inhibition of angiogenesis could be a valuable therapeutic option for Pca in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Grivas
- Hatzikosta General Hospital, Department of Urology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna Goussia
- Department of Pathology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stefanou
- Department of Pathology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giannakis
- Department of Urology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
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26
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Paauwe M, Heijkants RC, Oudt CH, van Pelt GW, Cui C, Theuer CP, Hardwick JCH, Sier CFM, Hawinkels LJAC. Endoglin targeting inhibits tumor angiogenesis and metastatic spread in breast cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:4069-79. [PMID: 26804178 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoglin, a transforming growth factor-β co-receptor, is highly expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells in solid tumors. Therefore, targeting endoglin is currently being explored in clinical trials for anti-angiogenic therapy. In this project, the redundancy between endoglin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in angiogenesis and the effects of targeting both pathways on breast cancer metastasis were explored. In patient samples, increased endoglin signaling after VEGF inhibition was observed. In vitro TRC105, an endoglin-neutralizing antibody, increased VEGF signaling in endothelial cells. Moreover, combined targeting of the endoglin and VEGF pathway, with the VEGF receptor kinase inhibitor SU5416, increased antiangiogenic effects in vitro and in a zebrafish angiogenesis model. Next, in a mouse model for invasive lobular breast cancer, the effects of TRC105 and SU5416 on tumor growth and metastasis were explored. Although TRC105 and SU5416 decreased tumor vascular density, tumor volume was unaffected. Strikingly, in mice treated with TRC105, or TRC105 and SU5416 combined, a strong inhibition in the number of metastases was seen. Moreover, upon resection of the primary tumor, strong inhibition of metastatic spread by TRC105 was observed in an adjuvant setting. To confirm these data, we assessed the effects of endoglin-Fc (an endoglin ligand trap) on metastasis formation. Similar to treatment with TRC105 in the resection model, endoglin-Fc-expressing tumors showed strong inhibition of distant metastases. These results show, for the first time, that targeting endoglin, either with neutralizing antibodies or a ligand trap, strongly inhibits metastatic spread of breast cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paauwe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R C Heijkants
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C H Oudt
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G W van Pelt
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Cui
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C P Theuer
- Tracon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J C H Hardwick
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C F M Sier
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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27
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Casey SC, Amedei A, Aquilano K, Azmi AS, Benencia F, Bhakta D, Bilsland AE, Boosani CS, Chen S, Ciriolo MR, Crawford S, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Guha G, Halicka D, Helferich WG, Heneberg P, Honoki K, Keith WN, Kerkar SP, Mohammed SI, Niccolai E, Nowsheen S, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Samadi A, Singh N, Talib WH, Venkateswaran V, Whelan RL, Yang X, Felsher DW. Cancer prevention and therapy through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S199-S223. [PMID: 25865775 PMCID: PMC4930000 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer arises in the context of an in vivo tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment is both a cause and consequence of tumorigenesis. Tumor and host cells co-evolve dynamically through indirect and direct cellular interactions, eliciting multiscale effects on many biological programs, including cellular proliferation, growth, and metabolism, as well as angiogenesis and hypoxia and innate and adaptive immunity. Here we highlight specific biological processes that could be exploited as targets for the prevention and therapy of cancer. Specifically, we describe how inhibition of targets such as cholesterol synthesis and metabolites, reactive oxygen species and hypoxia, macrophage activation and conversion, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulation of dendritic cells, vascular endothelial growth factor regulation of angiogenesis, fibrosis inhibition, endoglin, and Janus kinase signaling emerge as examples of important potential nexuses in the regulation of tumorigenesis and the tumor microenvironment that can be targeted. We have also identified therapeutic agents as approaches, in particular natural products such as berberine, resveratrol, onionin A, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, curcumin, naringenin, desoxyrhapontigenin, piperine, and zerumbone, that may warrant further investigation to target the tumor microenvironment for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Casey
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Fabian Benencia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan E Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Crawford
- Department of Biology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - William G Helferich
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign-Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sid P Kerkar
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | | | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Richard L Whelan
- Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign-Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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28
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Young K, Krebs LT, Tweedie E, Conley B, Mancini M, Arthur HM, Liaw L, Gridley T, Vary C. Endoglin is required in Pax3-derived cells for embryonic blood vessel formation. Dev Biol 2015; 409:95-105. [PMID: 26481065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in endoglin, a TGFβ/BMP coreceptor, are causal for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Endoglin-null (Eng-/-) mouse embryos die at embryonic day (E)10.5-11.5 due to defects in angiogenesis. In part, this is due to an absence of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation and vessel investment. Prior studies from our lab and others have shown the importance of endoglin expression in embryonic development in both endothelial cells and neural crest stem cells. These studies support the hypothesis that endoglin may play cell-autonomous roles in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell precursors. However, the requirement for endoglin in vascular cell precursors remains poorly defined. Our objective was to specifically delete endoglin in neural crest- and somite-derived Pax3-positive vascular precursors to understand the impact on somite progenitor cell contribution to embryonic vascular development. Pax3Cre mice were crossed with Eng+/- mice to obtain compound mutant Pax3(Cre/+);Eng+/- mice. These mice were then crossed with homozygous endoglin LoxP-mutated (Eng(LoxP/LoxP)) mice to conditionally delete the endoglin gene in specific lineages that contribute to endothelial and smooth muscle constituents of developing embryonic vessels. Pax3(Cre/+);Eng(LoxP/)(-) mice showed a variety of vascular defects at E10.5, and none of these mice survived past E12.5. Embryos analyzed at E10.5 showed malformations suggestive of misdirection of the intersomitic vessels. The dorsal aorta showed significant dilation with associated vascular smooth muscle cells exhibiting disorganization and enhanced expression of smooth muscle differentiation proteins, including smooth muscle actin. These results demonstrate a requirement for endoglin in descendants of Pax3-expressing vascular cell precursors, and thus provides new insight into the cellular basis underlying adult vascular diseases such as HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Young
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - L T Krebs
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - E Tweedie
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - B Conley
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - M Mancini
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States; Champions Oncology, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - H M Arthur
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Liaw
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - T Gridley
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Cph Vary
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States.
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29
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Karzai FH, Apolo AB, Cao L, Madan RA, Adelberg DE, Parnes H, McLeod DG, Harold N, Peer C, Yu Y, Tomita Y, Lee MJ, Lee S, Trepel JB, Gulley JL, Figg WD, Dahut WL. A phase I study of TRC105 anti-endoglin (CD105) antibody in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. BJU Int 2015; 116:546-55. [PMID: 25407442 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TRC105 is a chimeric immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that binds endoglin (CD105). This phase I open-label study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TRC105 in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with mCRPC received escalating doses of i.v. TRC105 until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression, up to a predetermined dose level, using a standard 3 + 3 phase I design. RESULTS A total of 20 patients were treated. The top dose level studied, 20 mg/kg every 2 weeks, was the maximum tolerated dose. Common adverse effects included infusion-related reaction (90%), low grade headache (67%), anaemia (48%), epistaxis (43%) and fever (43%). Ten patients had stable disease on study and eight patients had declines in prostate specific antigen (PSA). Significant plasma CD105 reduction was observed at the higher dose levels. In an exploratory analysis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was increased after treatment with TRC105 and VEGF levels were associated with CD105 reduction. CONCLUSION TRC105 was tolerated at 20 mg/kg every other week with a safety profile distinct from that of VEGF inhibitors. A significant induction of plasma VEGF was associated with CD105 reduction, suggesting anti-angiogenic activity of TRC105. An exploratory analysis showed a tentative correlation between the reduction of CD105 and a decrease in PSA velocity, suggestive of potential activity of TRC105 in the patients with mCRPC. The data from this exploratory analysis suggest that rising VEGF level is a possible compensatory mechanism for TRC105-induced anti-angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima H Karzai
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea B Apolo
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liang Cao
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David E Adelberg
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Howard Parnes
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David G McLeod
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Harold
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cody Peer
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yunkai Yu
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William L Dahut
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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30
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Young K, Tweedie E, Conley B, Ames J, FitzSimons M, Brooks P, Liaw L, Vary CPH. BMP9 Crosstalk with the Hippo Pathway Regulates Endothelial Cell Matricellular and Chemokine Responses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122892. [PMID: 25909848 PMCID: PMC4409298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin is a type III TGFβ auxiliary receptor that is upregulated in endothelial cells during angiogenesis and, when mutated in humans, results in the vascular disease hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Though endoglin has been implicated in cell adhesion, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we show endoglin expression in endothelial cells regulates subcellular localization of zyxin in focal adhesions in response to BMP9. RNA knockdown of endoglin resulted in mislocalization of zyxin and altered formation of focal adhesions. The mechanotransduction role of focal adhesions and their ability to transmit regulatory signals through binding of the extracellular matrix are altered by endoglin deficiency. BMP/TGFβ transcription factors, SMADs, and zyxin have recently been implicated in a newly emerging signaling cascade, the Hippo pathway. The Hippo transcription coactivator, YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1), has been suggested to play a crucial role in mechanotransduction and cell-cell contact. Identification of BMP9-dependent nuclear localization of YAP1 in response to endoglin expression suggests a mechanism of crosstalk between the two pathways. Suppression of endoglin and YAP1 alters BMP9-dependent expression of YAP1 target genes CCN1 (cysteine-rich 61, CYR61) and CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) as well as the chemokine CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1, MCP-1). These results suggest a coordinate effect of endoglin deficiency on cell matrix remodeling and local inflammatory responses. Identification of a direct link between the Hippo pathway and endoglin may reveal novel mechanisms in the etiology of HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Young
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
| | - Eric Tweedie
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
| | - Barbara Conley
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn Ames
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
| | - MaryLynn FitzSimons
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
| | - Peter Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
| | - Calvin P. H. Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Brahmkhatri VP, Prasanna C, Atreya HS. Insulin-like growth factor system in cancer: novel targeted therapies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:538019. [PMID: 25866791 PMCID: PMC4383470 DOI: 10.1155/2015/538019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are essential for growth and survival that suppress apoptosis and promote cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and metastatic activities in various cancers. The IGFs actions are mediated through the IGF-1 receptor that is involved in cell transformation induced by tumour. These effects depend on the bioavailability of IGFs, which is regulated by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). We describe here the role of the IGF system in cancer, proposing new strategies targeting this system. We have attempted to expand the general viewpoint on IGF-1R, its inhibitors, potential limitations of IGF-1R, antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and IGFBP actions. This review discusses the emerging view that blocking IGF via IGFBP is a better option than blocking IGF receptors. This can lead to the development of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chinmayi Prasanna
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Hanudatta S. Atreya
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Varna M, Gapihan G, Feugeas JP, Ratajczak P, Tan S, Ferreira I, Leboeuf C, Setterblad N, Duval A, Verine J, Germain S, Mongiat-Artus P, Janin A, Bousquet G. Stem cells increase in numbers in perinecrotic areas in human renal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:916-24. [PMID: 25501128 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Developing strategies to overcome resistance to sunitinib is a major challenge in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We hypothesized that sunitinib-induced tumor necrosis-associated hypoxia could interact with renal cancer stem cells in patients with metastatic RCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We studied tissue samples from 7 patients with primary metastatic RCC, before and after sunitinib treatment, and from six xenograft models derived from human RCC. Two xenograft models were responders to sunitinib, the four others were nonresponders. CD133/CXCR4-coexpressing cells derived from the two responder xenograft models were used for in vitro studies. RESULTS In the seven primary RCCs, we identified a significantly larger number of CD133/CXCR4-coexpressing cells in perinecrotic versus perivascular areas. Their numbers also significantly increased after treatment, in perinecrotic areas. We reproduced these clinical and pathologic results in all six RCC xenograft models with again a preferential perinecrotic distribution of CD133-expressing cells. Necrosis occurred at day 7 in the two responder models treated with sunitinib, whereas it occurred at day 21 in the untreated controls and in the four nonresponder models. Strikingly, when we studied the six RCC xenograft models at the time necrosis, whether spontaneous or sunitinib-induced, occurred, necrosis area correlated with stem-cell number in all 120 xenografted RCCs. When studied under experimental hypoxia, the number of CD133/CXCR4-coexpressing cells and their tumorigenic potency increased whereas their sensitivity to sunitinib decreased. CONCLUSIONS In human RCC, sunitinib was able to generate resistance to its own therapeutic effect via induced hypoxia in perinecrotic areas where cancer stem cells were found in increased numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Varna
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France. INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Gapihan
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France. INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Feugeas
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ratajczak
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France. INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Irmine Ferreira
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France. INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Leboeuf
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France. INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Niclas Setterblad
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Duval
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France. INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Verine
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France. INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France. AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service de Pathologie-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Germain
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service de Pathologie-Paris, Paris, France. Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France. CNRS UMR 7241, Paris, France. INSERM U 1050, Paris, France. MEMOLIFE Laboratory of excellence and Paris Science Lettre, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mongiat-Artus
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France. INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France. AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service d'Urologie-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Janin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France. INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France. AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service de Pathologie-Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Guilhem Bousquet
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Pathologie, UMR-S 1165, Paris, France. INSERM, U1165-Paris, Paris, France.
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Abstract
The six members of the family of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) were originally characterized as passive reservoirs of circulating IGFs, but they are now understood to have many actions beyond their endocrine role in IGF transport. IGFBPs also function in the pericellular and intracellular compartments to regulate cell growth and survival - they interact with many proteins, in addition to their canonical ligands IGF-I and IGF-II. Intranuclear roles of IGFBPs in transcriptional regulation, induction of apoptosis and DNA damage repair point to their intimate involvement in tumour development, progression and resistance to treatment. Tissue or circulating IGFBPs might also be useful as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
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Korrodi-Gregório L, Silva JV, Santos-Sousa L, Freitas MJ, Felgueiras J, Fardilha M. TGF-β cascade regulation by PPP1 and its interactors -impact on prostate cancer development and therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:555-67. [PMID: 24629090 PMCID: PMC4000109 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism by which normal and cancer cells regulate their main transduction pathways. Protein kinases and phosphatases are precisely orchestrated to achieve the (de)phosphorylation of candidate proteins. Indeed, cellular health is dependent on the fine-tune of phosphorylation systems, which when deregulated lead to cancer. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway involvement in the genesis of prostate cancer has long been established. Many of its members were shown to be hypo- or hyperphosphorylated during the process of malignancy. A major phosphatase that is responsible for the vast majority of the serine/threonine dephosphorylation is the phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PPP1). PPP1 has been associated with the dephosphorylation of several proteins involved in the TGF-β cascade. This review will discuss the role of PPP1 in the regulation of several TGF-β signalling members and how the subversion of this pathway is related to prostate cancer development. Furthermore, current challenges on the protein phosphatases field as new targets to cancer therapy will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Korrodi-Gregório
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Centre for Cell Biology, Biology Department, Health Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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35
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Tobar N, Avalos MC, Méndez N, Smith PC, Bernabeu C, Quintanilla M, Martínez J. Soluble MMP-14 produced by bone marrow-derived stromal cells sheds epithelial endoglin modulating the migratory properties of human breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1770-9. [PMID: 24618373 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that epithelial cells can acquire invasive properties through exposure to paracrine signals originated from mesenchymal cells within the tumor microenvironment. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been revealed as an active factor that mediates the epithelial-stroma cross-talk that facilitates cell invasion and metastasis. TGF-β signaling is modulated by the coreceptor Endoglin (Eng), which shows a tumor suppressor activity in epithelial cells and regulates the ALK1-Smad1,5,8 as well as the ALK5-Smad2,3 signaling pathways. In the current work, we present evidence showing that cell surface Eng abundance in epithelial MCF-7 breast cancer cells is inversely related with cell motility. Shedding of Eng in MCF-7 cell surface by soluble matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) derived from the HS-5 bone-marrow-derived cell line induces a motile epithelial phenotype. On the other hand, restoration of full-length Eng expression blocks the stromal stimulus on migration. Processing of surface Eng by stromal factors was demonstrated by biotin-neutravidin labeling of cell surface proteins and this processing generated a shift in TGF-β signaling through the activation of Smad2,3 pathway. Stromal MMP-14 abundance was stimulated by TGF-β secreted by MCF-7 cells acting in a paracrine manner. In turn, the stromal proteolytic activity of soluble MMP-14, by inducing Eng shedding, promoted malignant progression. From these data, and due to the capacity of TGF-β to regulate malignancy in epithelial cancer, we propose that stromal-dependent epithelial Eng shedding constitutes a putative mechanism that exerts an environmental control of cell malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Tobar
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile, Laboratorio de Fisiología Periodontal, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Celeste Avalos
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile, Laboratorio de Fisiología Periodontal, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Méndez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile, Laboratorio de Fisiología Periodontal, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricio C Smith
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Periodontal, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain and
| | - Miguel Quintanilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile, Laboratorio de Fisiología Periodontal, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Duarte CW, Murray K, Lucas FL, Fairfield K, Miller H, Brooks P, Vary CPH. Improved survival outcomes in cancer patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:117-125. [PMID: 24192008 PMCID: PMC3947104 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder characterized by deficiency in endoglin, an angiogenic protein. The net effect of endoglin expression on cancer outcomes from animal studies has proven controversial. We evaluated whether reduced systemic endoglin levels, expected in patients diagnosed with HHT, impacted clinical outcomes for cancer. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare was conducted to evaluate the effect of HHT on survival among patients diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer between 2000 and 2007 (n = 540,520). We generated Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox models to compare the effect of HHT on all-cause survival for a composite of the four cancers, and separate models by cancer, adjusting for demographic variables, cancer type, cancer stage, and comorbidities. RESULTS All-cause survival analysis for a composite of the four cancers showed an adjusted HR of 0.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.51-0.91; P = 0.009] for HHT, indicating significantly improved survival outcome. When stratified by cancer type, HHT diagnosis showed a significant protective effect among breast cancer patients with an adjusted HR of 0.31 (95% CI, 0.13-0.75; P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS There was a significant association between HHT and improved survival outcome for a composite of patients with breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer, and in analysis stratified by cancer, the association was significant for HHT patients with breast cancer. IMPACT This study supports the hypothesis that systemically educed endoglin expression is associated with improved survival outcome in multiple cancers, and suggests that anti-endoglin antibody therapy may have broad-based application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W Duarte
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - Kimberly Murray
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - F Lee Lucas
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - Kathleen Fairfield
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - Heather Miller
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - Peter Brooks
- The Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- The Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
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Heidegger I, Massoner P, Eder IE, Pircher A, Pichler R, Aigner F, Bektic J, Horninger W, Klocker H. Novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:248-56. [PMID: 23792785 PMCID: PMC3834152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in men in developed countries. Once the tumor has achieved a castration-refractory metastatic stage, treatment options are limited with the average survival of patients ranging from two to three years only. Recently, new drugs for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have been approved, and others are in an advanced stage of clinical testing. In this review we provide an overview of the new therapeutic agents that arrived in the clinical praxis or are tested in clinical studies and their mode of action including hormone synthesis inhibitors, new androgen receptor blockers, bone targeting and antiangiogenic agents, endothelin receptor antagonists, growth factor inhibitors, novel radiotherapeutics and taxanes, and immunotherapeutic approaches. Results and limitations from clinical studies as well as future needs for improvement of CRPC treatments are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Massoner
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris E. Eder
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Friedrich Aigner
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jasmin Bektic
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Horninger
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Corresponding author at: Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Urology, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Tel.: +43 512 504 24818; fax: +43 512 504 24817.
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Breen MJ, Moran DM, Liu W, Huang X, Vary CPH, Bergan RC. Endoglin-mediated suppression of prostate cancer invasion is regulated by activin and bone morphogenetic protein type II receptors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72407. [PMID: 23967299 PMCID: PMC3742533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality from prostate cancer (PCa) is due to the formation of metastatic disease. Understanding how that process is regulated is therefore critical. We previously demonstrated that endoglin, a type III transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily receptor, suppresses human PCa cell invasion and metastasis. Endoglin-mediated suppression of invasion was also shown by us to be dependent upon the type I TGFβ receptor, activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2), and the downstream effector, Smad1. In this study we demonstrate for the first time that two type II TGFβ receptors are required for endoglin-mediated suppression of invasion: activin A receptor type IIA (ActRIIA) and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPRII). Downstream signaling through these receptors is predominantly mediated by Smad1. ActRIIA stimulates Smad1 activation in a kinase-dependent manner, and this is required for suppression of invasion. In contrast BMPRII regulates Smad1 in a biphasic manner, promoting Smad1 signaling through its kinase domain but suppressing it through its cytoplasmic tail. BMPRII’s Smad1-regulatory effects are dependent upon its expression level. Further, its ability to suppress invasion is independent of either kinase function or tail domain. We demonstrate that ActRIIA and BMPRII physically interact, and that each also interacts with endoglin. The current findings demonstrate that both BMPRII and ActRIIA are necessary for endoglin-mediated suppression of human PCa cell invasion, that they have differential effects on Smad1 signaling, that they make separate contributions to regulation of invasion, and that they functionally and physically interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Breen
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Diarmuid M. Moran
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiaoke Huang
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Calvin P. H. Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Raymond C. Bergan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Keshari KR, Sriram R, Van Criekinge M, Wilson DM, Wang ZJ, Vigneron DB, Peehl DM, Kurhanewicz J. Metabolic reprogramming and validation of hyperpolarized 13C lactate as a prostate cancer biomarker using a human prostate tissue slice culture bioreactor. Prostate 2013; 73:1171-81. [PMID: 23532911 PMCID: PMC3976546 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of prostate cancer has been impeded by the lack of both clinically relevant disease models and metabolic markers that track tumor progression. Hyperpolarized (HP) (13) C MR spectroscopy has emerged as a new technology to investigate the metabolic shifts in prostate cancer. In this study, we investigate the glucose reprogramming using HP (13) C pyruvate MR in a patient-derived prostate tissue slice culture (TSC) model. METHODS The steady-state metabolite concentrations in freshly excised human prostate TSCs were assessed and compared to those from snap-frozen biopsy samples. The TSCs were then applied to a perfused cell (bioreactor) platform, and the bioenergetics and the dynamic pyruvate flux of the TSCs were investigated by (31) P and HP (13) C MR, respectively. RESULTS The prostate TSCs demonstrated steady-state glycolytic and phospholipid metabolism, and bioenergetics that recapitulate features of prostate cancer in vivo. (13) C spectra following injection of HP (13) C pyruvate showed significantly increased pyruvate to lactate flux in malignant as compared to the benign prostate TSCs. This increased flux in the malignant prostate TSCs correlated with both increased expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). CONCLUSIONS We provide the first mechanistic evidence for HP (13) C lactate as a prostate cancer biomarker in living human tissues, critical for the interpretation of in vivo studies. More broadly, the clinically relevant metabolic model system in combination with HP MR can facilitate the identification of clinically translatable biomarkers of prostate cancer presence, aggressiveness, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Zhen J. Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Donna M. Peehl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Correspondence to: Prof. John Kurhanewicz, PhD, Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Urology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall 203, San Francisco, CA 94158.
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Current status of biomarkers for prostate cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11034-60. [PMID: 23708103 PMCID: PMC3709717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death of men globally. Since its introduction, there has been intense debate as to the effectiveness of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test as a screening tool for PCa. It is now evident that the PSA test produces unacceptably high rates of false positive results and is not prognostic. Here we review the current status of molecular biomarkers that promise to be prognostic and that might inform individual patient management. It highlights current efforts to identify biomarkers obtained by minimally invasive methods and discusses current knowledge with regard to gene fusions, mRNA and microRNAs, immunology, and cancer-associated microparticles.
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Paauwe M, ten Dijke P, Hawinkels LJAC. Endoglin for tumor imaging and targeted cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:421-35. [PMID: 23327677 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.758716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although cancer treatment has evolved substantially in the past decades, cancer-related mortality rates are still increasing. Therapies targeting tumor angiogenesis, crucial for the growth of solid tumors, mainly target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and have been clinically applied during the last decade. However, these therapies have not met high expectations, which were based on therapeutic efficacy in animal models. This can partly be explained by the upregulation of alternative angiogenic pathways. Therefore, additional therapies targeting other pro-angiogenic pathways are needed. AREAS COVERED The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway plays an important role in (tumor) angiogenesis. Therefore, components of this pathway are interesting candidates for anti-angiogenic therapy. Endoglin, a co-receptor for various TGF-β family members, is specifically overexpressed in tumor vessels and endoglin expression is associated with metastasis and patient survival. Therefore, endoglin might be a good candidate for anti-angiogenic therapy. In this review, we discuss the potential of using endoglin to target the tumor vasculature for imaging and therapeutic purposes. EXPERT OPINION Considering the promising results from various in vitro studies, in vivo animal models and the first clinical trial targeting endoglin, we are convinced that endoglin is a valuable tool for the diagnosis, visualization and ultimately treatment of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon Paauwe
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands and Centre for BioMedical Genetics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Building-2, S1-P, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
BMP9 signaling has been implicated in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and vascular remodeling, acting via the HHT target genes, endoglin and ALK1. This study sought to identify endothelial BMP9-regulated proteins that could affect the HHT phenotype. Gene ontology analysis of cDNA microarray data obtained after BMP9 treatment of primary human endothelial cells indicated regulation of chemokine, adhesion, and inflammation pathways. These responses included the up-regulation of the chemokine CXCL12/SDF1 and down-regulation of its receptor CXCR4. Quantitative mass spectrometry identified additional secreted proteins, including the chemokine CXCL10/IP10. RNA knockdown of endoglin and ALK1 impaired SDF1/CXCR4 regulation by BMP9. Because of the association of SDF1 with ischemia, we analyzed its expression under hypoxia in response to BMP9 in vitro, and during the response to hindlimb ischemia, in endoglin-deficient mice. BMP9 and hypoxia were additive inducers of SDF1 expression. Moreover, the data suggest that endoglin deficiency impaired SDF1 expression in endothelial cells in vivo. Our data implicate BMP9 in regulation of the SDF1/CXCR4 chemokine axis in endothelial cells and point to a role for BMP9 signaling via endoglin in a switch from an SDF1-responsive autocrine phenotype to an SDF1 nonresponsive paracrine state that represses endothelial cell migration and may promote vessel maturation.
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Jarosz M, Jazowiecka-Rakus J, Cichoń T, Głowala-Kosińska M, Smolarczyk R, Smagur A, Malina S, Sochanik A, Szala S. Therapeutic antitumor potential of endoglin-based DNA vaccine combined with immunomodulatory agents. Gene Ther 2012; 20:262-73. [PMID: 22495576 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapy targeting tumor blood vessels ought to inhibit tumor growth. However, tumors become refractory to antiangiogenic drugs. Therefore, therapeutic solutions should be sought to address cellular resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. In this regard, reversal of the proangiogenic and immunosuppressive phenotype of cancer cells, and the shift of the tumor microenvironment towards more antiangiogenic and immune-stimulating phenotype may hold some promise. In our study, we sought to validate the effects of a combination therapy aimed at reducing tumor blood vessels, coupled with the abrogation of the immunosuppressive state. To achieve this, we developed an oral DNA vaccine against endoglin. This antigen was carried by an attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium and applied before or after tumor cell inoculation into immunocompetent mice. Our results show that this DNA vaccine effectively inhibited tumor growth, in both the prophylactic and therapeutic settings. It also activated both specific and nonspecific immune responses in immunized mice. Activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes were directed specifically against endothelial and tumor cells overexpressing endoglin. The DNA vaccine inhibited angiogenesis but did not affect wound healing. In combination with interleukin-12-mediated gene therapy, or with cyclophosphamide administration, the DNA vaccine resulted in reduced microvessel density and lowered the level of Treg lymphocytes in the experimental tumors. This effectively inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival of the treated animals. Polarization of tumor milieu, from proangiogenic and immunosuppressive, towards an immunostimulatory and antiangiogenic profile represents a promising avenue in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jarosz
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
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Prudovsky I, Vary CPH, Markaki Y, Olins AL, Olins DE. Phosphatidylserine colocalizes with epichromatin in interphase nuclei and mitotic chromosomes. Nucleus 2012; 3:200-10. [PMID: 22555604 PMCID: PMC3383575 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.19662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycling eukaryotic cells rapidly re-establish the nuclear envelope and internal architecture following mitosis. Studies with a specific anti-nucleosome antibody recently demonstrated that the surface (“epichromatin”) of interphase and mitotic chromatin possesses a unique and conserved conformation, suggesting a role in postmitotic nuclear reformation. Here we present evidence showing that the anionic glycerophospholipid phosphatidylserine is specifically located in epichromatin throughout the cell cycle and is associated with nucleosome core histones. This suggests that chromatin bound phosphatidylserine may function as a nucleation site for the binding of ER and re-establishment of the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Prudovsky
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
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