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Foiani G, Licenziato L, Marconato L, Fanelli A, Melchiotti E, Zanardello C, Aresu L, Vascellari M. Predictive value of TP53 RNAscope ®in situ hybridization and p53 immunohistochemistry for TP53 mutational status in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-9. [PMID: 39282821 PMCID: PMC11407423 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2403453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations are associated with short survival and poor treatment response in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cDLBCL). The expression of TP53 by RNAscope® in situ hybridization and p53 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was investigated in 37 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cDLBCL, to assess their correlation with TP53 mutational status and to evaluate their prognostic value. TP53 was detected in all samples by RNAscope®. Ten of 37 (27%) cases expressed p53 by IHC, with highly variable percentage of positive cells. TP53 RNAscope® scores and p53 IHC results were not correlated. The expression of TP53 by RNAscope® was not influenced by its mutational status. Conversely, p53 IHC and TP53 mutations were significantly associated. p53 IHC predicted TP53 genetic mutations with high accuracy (97.3%). All TP53-mutated samples carrying missense mutations exhibited p53 expression by IHC, while all wild-type cases and a single case with frameshift insertion were negative. In univariable analysis, p53 IHC was associated with shorter time to progression (TTP) and lymphoma-specific survival (LSS). Nevertheless, in multivariable analysis, only treatment significantly affected TTP and LSS. These findings suggest p53 IHC is an accurate, cost-effective tool for predicting TP53 mutations in cDLBCL, unlike TP53 RNAscope®, though its prognostic value requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Foiani
- Histopathology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Erica Melchiotti
- Histopathology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Zanardello
- Histopathology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Histopathology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padua, Italy
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2
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Qayoom H, Haq BU, Sofi S, Jan N, Jan A, Mir MA. Targeting mutant p53: a key player in breast cancer pathogenesis and beyond. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:484. [PMID: 39390510 PMCID: PMC11466041 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The p53 mutation is the most common genetic mutation associated with human neoplasia. TP53 missense mutations, which frequently arise early in breast cancer, are present in over thirty percent of breast tumors. In breast cancer, p53 mutations are linked to a more aggressive course of the disease and worse overall survival rates. TP53 mutations are mostly seen in triple-negative breast cancer, a very diverse kind of the disease. The majority of TP53 mutations originate in the replacement of individual amino acids within the p53 protein's core domain, giving rise to a variety of variations referred to as "mutant p53s." In addition to gaining carcinogenic qualities through gain-of-function pathways, these mutants lose the typical tumor-suppressive features of p53 to variable degrees. The gain-of-function impact of stabilized mutant p53 causes tumor-specific dependency and resistance to therapy. P53 is a prospective target for cancer therapy because of its tumor-suppressive qualities and the numerous alterations that it experiences in tumors. Phenotypic abnormalities in breast cancer, notably poorly differentiated basal-like tumors are frequently linked to high-grade tumors. By comparing data from cell and animal models with clinical outcomes in breast cancer, this study investigates the molecular mechanisms that convert gene alterations into the pathogenic consequences of mutant p53's tumorigenic activity. The study delves into current and novel treatment approaches aimed at targeting p53 mutations, taking into account the similarities and differences in p53 regulatory mechanisms between mutant and wild-type forms, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Qayoom
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Burhan Ul Haq
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Shazia Sofi
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Nusrat Jan
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Asma Jan
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Manzoor A Mir
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India.
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3
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Mahat DB, Kumra H, Castro SA, Metcalf E, Nguyen K, Morisue R, Ho WW, Chen I, Sullivan B, Yim LK, Singh A, Fu J, Waterton SK, Cheng YC, Roberge S, Moiso E, Chauhan VP, Silva HM, Spranger S, Jain RK, Sharp PA. Mutant p53 Exploits Enhancers to Elevate Immunosuppressive Chemokine Expression and Impair Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Pancreatic Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.28.609802. [PMID: 39257788 PMCID: PMC11383995 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.28.609802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer without effective treatments. It is characterized by activating KRAS mutations and p53 alterations. However, how these mutations dysregulate cancer-cell-intrinsic gene programs to influence the immune landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains poorly understood. Here, we show that p53R172H establishes an immunosuppressive TME, diminishes the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and enhances tumor growth. Our findings reveal that the upregulation of the immunosuppressive chemokine Cxcl1 mediates these pro-tumorigenic functions of p53R172H. Mechanistically, we show that p53R172H associates with the distal enhancers of the Cxcl1 gene, increasing enhancer activity and Cxcl1 expression. p53R172H occupies these enhancers in an NF-κB-pathway-dependent manner, suggesting NF-κB's role in recruiting p53R172H to the Cxcl1 enhancers. Our work uncovers how a common mutation in a tumor-suppressor transcription factor appropriates enhancers, stimulating chemokine expression and establishing an immunosuppressive TME that diminishes ICI efficacy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dig B Mahat
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Heena Kumra
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sarah A Castro
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Emily Metcalf
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kim Nguyen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ryo Morisue
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - William W Ho
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ivy Chen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Brandon Sullivan
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Leon K Yim
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Arundeep Singh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jiayu Fu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sean K Waterton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Cheng
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sylvie Roberge
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Enrico Moiso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vikash P Chauhan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hernandez Moura Silva
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, MA, 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Phillip A Sharp
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,02139, USA
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4
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Li W, Yang C, Cheng Z, Wu Y, Zhou S, Qi X, Zhang Y, Hu J, Xie M, Chen C. Gallium complex K6 inhibits colorectal cancer by increasing ROS levels to induce DNA damage and enhance phosphatase and tensin homolog activity. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e665. [PMID: 39049965 PMCID: PMC11266899 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In the clinical realm, platinum-based drugs hold an important role in the chemotherapy of CRC. Nonetheless, a multitude of patients, due to tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene mutations, experience the emergence of drug resistance. This phenomenon gravely impairs the effectiveness of therapy and long-term prognosis. Gallium, a metallic element akin to iron, has been reported that has the potential to be used to develop new metal anticancer drugs. In this study, we screened and established the gallium complex K6 as a potent antitumor agent in both in vitro and in vivo. K6 exhibited superior efficacy in impeding the growth, proliferation, and viability of CRC cells carrying TP53 mutations compared to oxaliplatin. Mechanistically, K6 escalated reactive oxygen species levels and led deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Furthermore, K6 effectively suppressed the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway, leading to the degradation of its downstream effectors myelocytomatosis (c-Myc) and Krueppel-like factor 5 (KLF5). Conversely, K6 diminished the protein expression of WW domain-containing protein 1 (WWP1) while activating phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) through c-Myc degradation. This dual action further demonstrated the potential of K6 as a promising therapeutic compound for TP53-mutated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease MechanismsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease MechanismsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease MechanismsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- School of Chemical Science and TechnologyYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Sihan Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and TechnologyYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgerySouthwest HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgerySouthwest HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jinhui Hu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Mingjin Xie
- School of Chemical Science and TechnologyYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease MechanismsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Academy of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
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5
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Zhang KC, Chu SY, Ding DC. High-grade serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube in a young woman with chromosomal 4q abnormality: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:3539-3547. [PMID: 38983400 PMCID: PMC11229890 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i18.3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have reported an association between an increased risk of acquiring cancers and survival in patients with 4q deletion syndrome. This study presents a rare association between chromosome 4q abnormalities and fallopian tube high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) in a young woman. CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman presented with acute dull abdominal pain and a known chromosomal abnormality involving 4q13.3 duplication and 4q23q24 deletion. Upon arrival at the emergency room, her abdomen appeared ovoid and distended with palpable shifting dullness. Ascites were identified through abdominal ultrasound, and computed tomography revealed an omentum cake and an enlarged bilateral adnexa. Blood tests showed elevated CA-125 levels. Paracentesis was conducted, and immunohistochemistry indicated that the cancer cells favored an ovarian origin, making us suspect ovarian cancer. The patient underwent debulking surgery, which led to a diagnosis of stage IIIC HGSC of the fallopian tube. Subsequently, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel, resulting in stable current condition. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a rare correlation between a chromosome 4q abnormality and HGSC. UBE2D3 may affect crucial cancer-related pathways, including P53, BRCA, cyclin D, and tyrosine kinase receptors, thereby possibly contributing to cancer development. In addition, ADH1 and DDIT4 may be potential influencers of both carcinogenic and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yin Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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6
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Oduah EI, Sharfstein ST, Seetharamu N, Grossman SR, Litovchick L. Proteasome inhibition paradoxically degrades gain-of-function mutant p53 R273H in NSCLC and could have therapeutic implications. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1363543. [PMID: 38660140 PMCID: PMC11039826 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1363543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Despite therapeutic advances in recent years, new treatment strategies are needed to improve outcomes of lung cancer patients. Mutant p53 is prevalent in lung cancers and drives several hallmarks of cancer through a gain-of-function oncogenic program, and often predicts a poorer prognosis. The oncogenicity of mutant p53 is related to its stability and accumulation in cells by evading degradation by the proteasome. Therefore, destabilization of mutant p53 has been sought as a therapeutic strategy, but so far without clinical success. In this study, we report that proteasome inhibition results in degradation of mutant p53 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines bearing the R273H mutant protein and show evidence that this was mediated by hsp70. NSCLC cell lines with the mutant R273H allele demonstrated increased susceptibility and apoptosis to proteasome inhibitors. These data suggest that proteasome inhibitors could have therapeutic implications in some subsets of TP53 mutated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eziafa I. Oduah
- Duke University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Susan T. Sharfstein
- State University of New York at Albany, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Nagashree Seetharamu
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Lake Success, NY, United States
| | - Steven R. Grossman
- Keck School of Medicine and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Larisa Litovchick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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7
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Tombari C, Zannini A, Bertolio R, Pedretti S, Audano M, Triboli L, Cancila V, Vacca D, Caputo M, Donzelli S, Segatto I, Vodret S, Piazza S, Rustighi A, Mantovani F, Belletti B, Baldassarre G, Blandino G, Tripodo C, Bicciato S, Mitro N, Del Sal G. Mutant p53 sustains serine-glycine synthesis and essential amino acids intake promoting breast cancer growth. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6777. [PMID: 37880212 PMCID: PMC10600207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of amino acid metabolism, sustained by oncogenic signaling, is crucial for cancer cell survival under nutrient limitation. Here we discovered that missense mutant p53 oncoproteins stimulate de novo serine/glycine synthesis and essential amino acids intake, promoting breast cancer growth. Mechanistically, mutant p53, unlike the wild-type counterpart, induces the expression of serine-synthesis-pathway enzymes and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)/CD98 heavy chain heterodimer. This effect is exacerbated by amino acid shortage, representing a mutant p53-dependent metabolic adaptive response. When cells suffer amino acids scarcity, mutant p53 protein is stabilized and induces metabolic alterations and an amino acid transcriptional program that sustain cancer cell proliferation. In patient-derived tumor organoids, pharmacological targeting of either serine-synthesis-pathway and LAT1-mediated transport synergizes with amino acid shortage in blunting mutant p53-dependent growth. These findings reveal vulnerabilities potentially exploitable for tackling breast tumors bearing missense TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Tombari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rebecca Bertolio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Audano
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Triboli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Vacca
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuel Caputo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Donzelli
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Segatto
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Simone Vodret
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rustighi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fiamma Mantovani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133, Palermo, Italy
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- DiSFeB, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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8
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Yao P, Xiao P, Huang Z, Tang M, Tang X, Yang G, Zhang Q, Li X, Yang Z, Xie C, Gong H, Wang G, Liu Y, Wang X, Li H, Jia D, Dai L, Chen L, Chen C, Liu Y, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Protein-level mutant p53 reporters identify druggable rare precancerous clones in noncancerous tissues. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1176-1192. [PMID: 37537298 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Detecting and targeting precancerous cells in noncancerous tissues is a major challenge for cancer prevention. Massive stabilization of mutant p53 (mutp53) proteins is a cancer-specific event that could potentially mark precancerous cells, yet in vivo protein-level mutp53 reporters are lacking. Here we developed two transgenic protein-level mutp53 reporters, p53R172H-Akaluc and p53-mCherry, that faithfully mimic the dynamics and function of mutp53 proteins in vivo. Using these reporters, we identified and traced rare precancerous clones in deep noncancerous tissues in various cancer models. In classic mutp53-driven thymic lymphoma models, we found that precancerous clones exhibit broad chromosome number variations, upregulate precancerous stage-specific genes such as Ybx3 and enhance amino acid transport and metabolism. Inhibiting amino acid transporters downstream of Ybx3 at the early but not late stage effectively suppresses tumorigenesis and prolongs survival. Together, these protein-level mutp53 reporters reveal undercharacterized features and vulnerabilities of precancerous cells during early tumorigenesis, paving the way for precision cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengle Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongyao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiwen Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaoxia Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinpei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengnan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanxing Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuxuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyi Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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9
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Xu D, Qian W, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Sun P, Wan Q, Yin Y, Hu Y, Gong L, Zhang B, Yang X, Pu Z, Lu P, Zou J. Acetylation halts missense mutant p53 aggregation and rescues tumor suppression in non-small cell lung cancers. iScience 2023; 26:107003. [PMID: 37534137 PMCID: PMC10391690 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations are ubiquitous with tumorigenesis in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). By analyzing the TCGA database, we reported that TP53 missense mutations are correlated with chromosomal instability and tumor mutation burden in NSCLC. The inability of wild-type nor mutant p53 expression can't predict survival in lung cancer cohorts, however, an examination of primary NSCLC tissues found that acetylated p53 did yield an association with improved survival outcomes. Molecularly, we demonstrated that acetylation drove the ubiquitination and degradation of mutant p53 but enhanced stability of wild-type p53. Moreover, acetylation of a missense p53 mutation prevented the gain of oncogenic function observed in typical TP53 mutant-expressing cells and enhanced tumor suppressor functions. Consequently, acetylation inducer targeting of missense mutant p53 may be a viable therapeutic goal for NSCLC treatment and may improve the accuracy of current efforts to utilize p53 mutations in a prognostic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Zhenkun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Pathology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Quan Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yaling Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Lingli Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Xusheng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Zhening Pu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Peihua Lu
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
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10
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Wang J, Liu W, Zhang L, Zhang J. Targeting mutant p53 stabilization for cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1215995. [PMID: 37502209 PMCID: PMC10369794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1215995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 50% cancer bears TP53 mutation, the highly stabilized mutant p53 protein drives the tumorigenesis and progression. Mutation of p53 not only cause loss-of-function and dominant-negative effects (DNE), but also results in the abnormal stability by the regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and molecular chaperones that promote tumorigenesis through gain-of-function effects. The accumulation of mutant p53 is mainly regulated by molecular chaperones, including Hsp40, Hsp70, Hsp90 and other biomolecules such as TRIM21, BAG2 and Stat3. In addition, mutant p53 forms prion-like aggregates or complexes with other protein molecules and result in the accumulation of mutant p53 in tumor cells. Depleting mutant p53 has become one of the strategies to target mutant p53. This review will focus on the mechanism of mutant p53 stabilization and discuss how the strategies to manipulate these interconnected processes for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajian Wang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lanqing Zhang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Kunming, China
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11
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Liu J, Zhang C, Xu D, Zhang T, Chang CY, Wang J, Liu J, Zhang L, Haffty BG, Zong WX, Hu W, Feng Z. The ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 regulates mutant p53 accumulation and gain of function in cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:164354. [PMID: 36749630 PMCID: PMC10014102 DOI: 10.1172/jci164354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. Mutant p53 (mutp53) proteins often accumulate to very high levels in human cancers to promote cancer progression through the gain-of-function (GOF) mechanism. Currently, the mechanism underlying mutp53 accumulation and GOF is incompletely understood. Here, we identified TRIM21 as a critical E3 ubiquitin ligase of mutp53 by screening for specific mutp53-interacting proteins. TRIM21 directly interacted with mutp53 but not WT p53, resulting in ubiquitination and degradation of mutp53 to suppress mutp53 GOF in tumorigenesis. TRIM21 deficiency in cancer cells promoted mutp53 accumulation and GOF in tumorigenesis. Compared with p53R172H knockin mice, which displayed mutp53 accumulation specifically in tumors but not normal tissues, TRIM21 deletion in p53R172H knockin mice resulted in mutp53 accumulation in normal tissues, an earlier tumor onset, and a shortened life span of mice. Furthermore, TRIM21 was frequently downregulated in some human cancers, including colorectal and breast cancers, and low TRIM21 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancers carrying mutp53. Our results revealed a critical mechanism underlying mutp53 accumulation in cancers and also uncovered an important tumor-suppressive function of TRIM21 and its mechanism in cancers carrying mutp53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chun-Yuan Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Pathology, Princeton Medical Center, Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bruce G. Haffty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wei-Xing Zong
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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12
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Brunetti B, de Biase D, Dellapina G, Muscatello LV, Ingravalle F, Tura G, Bacci B. Validation of p53 Immunohistochemistry (PAb240 Clone) in Canine Tumors with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050899. [PMID: 36899756 PMCID: PMC10000222 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In human medicine, p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a common method that is used for the identification of tumors with TP53 mutations. In veterinary medicine, several studies have performed IHC for p53 in canine tumors, but it is not known how well it actually predicts the mutation. The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of the IHC method for p53 (clone PAb240) using a lab-developed NGS panel to analyze TP53 mutations in a subset of malignant tumors in dogs. A total of 176 tumors were analyzed with IHC and then 41 were subjected to NGS analysis; among them, 15 were IHC positive and 26 were negative, and 16 out of 41 (39%) were found to be inadequate for NGS analysis. Excluding the non-evaluable cases at NGS, of the remaining eight IHC-positive cases, six were mutants and two were wild-type. Among the 17 IHC-negative cases, 13 were wild type, and 4 were mutants. The sensitivity was 60%, specificity was 86.7%, and the accuracy was 76%. These results suggest that when using IHC for p53 with this specific antibody to predict mutation, up to 25% wrong predictions can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Dellapina
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Vera Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ingravalle
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (BEAR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Tura
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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13
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Malhotra L, Singh A, Kaur P, Ethayathulla AS. Comprehensive omics studies of p53 mutants in human cancer. Brief Funct Genomics 2022; 22:97-108. [PMID: 35809339 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 is the master regulator of the cell known for regulating a large array of cellular processes. Inactivation of p53 by missense mutations is one of the leading causes of cancer. Some of these mutations endow p53 with selective oncogenic functions to promote tumor progression. Due to the vast array of mutations found in p53, the experimental studies showing the role of different mutant p53 as an oncogene are also expanding. In this review, we discuss the oncogenic roles of different p53 mutants at the cellular level identified by multi-omics tools. We discuss some of the therapeutic studies to tackle p53 mutants and their downstream targets identified by omics. We also highlight the future prospective and scope of further studies of downstream p53 targets by omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshay Malhotra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Alankrita Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abdul S Ethayathulla
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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14
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Zhang S, Zhou L, El-Deiry WS. Small-molecule NSC59984 induces mutant p53 degradation through a ROS-ERK2-MDM2 axis in cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:622-636. [PMID: 34992144 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hyper-stabilized mutant p53 are common in cancer. Hyper-stabilized mutant p53 contributes to its gain-of-function (GOF) which confers resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy. Targeting mutant p53 degradation is a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. We used a small-molecule NSC59984 to explore elimination of mutant p53 in cancer cells, and identified an inducible ROS-ERK2-MDM2 axis as a vulnerability for induction of mutant p53 degradation in cancer cells. NSC59984 treatment promotes a constitutive phosphorylation of ERK2 via ROS in cancer cells. The NSC59984-sustained ERK2 activation is required for MDM2 phosphorylation at serine-166. NSC59984 enhances phosphorylated-MDM2 binding to mutant p53, which leads to mutant p53 ubiquitination and degradation. High cellular ROS increases the efficacy of NSC59984 targeting mutant p53 degradation and anti-tumor effects. Our data suggest that mutant p53 stabilization has a vulnerability under high ROS cellular conditions, which can be exploited by compounds to target mutant p53 protein degradation through the activation of a ROS-ERK2-MDM2 axis in cancer cells. Implications: An inducible ROS-ERK2-MDM2 axis exposes a vulnerability in mutant p53 stabilization and can be exploited by small molecule compounds to induce mutant p53 degradation for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | | | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
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15
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Targeting Post-Translational Regulation of p53 in Colorectal Cancer by Exploiting Vulnerabilities in the p53-MDM2 Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010219. [PMID: 35008383 PMCID: PMC8750794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role played by the key tumor suppressor gene p53 and the implications of p53 mutations for the development and progression of neoplasia continue to expand. This review focuses on colorectal cancer and the regulators of p53 expression and activity identified over the past decade. These newly recognized regulatory mechanisms include (1) direct regulation of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase; (2) modulation of the MDM2-p53 interaction; (3) MDM2-independent p53 degradation; and (4) inhibition of p53 nuclear translocation. We positioned these regulatory mechanisms in the context of p53 missense mutations, which not only evade canonical p53 degradation machinery but also exhibit gain-of-function phenotypes that enhance tumor survival and metastasis. Lastly, we discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies directed against p53 mutant-bearing tumors.
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16
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Marei HE, Althani A, Afifi N, Hasan A, Caceci T, Pozzoli G, Morrione A, Giordano A, Cenciarelli C. p53 signaling in cancer progression and therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:703. [PMID: 34952583 PMCID: PMC8709944 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a transcription factor known as the "guardian of the genome" because of its critical function in preserving genomic integrity. The TP53 gene is mutated in approximately half of all human malignancies, including those of the breast, colon, lung, liver, prostate, bladder, and skin. When DNA damage occurs, the TP53 gene on human chromosome 17 stops the cell cycle. If p53 protein is mutated, the cell cycle is unrestricted and the damaged DNA is replicated, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation and cancer tumours. Tumor-associated p53 mutations are usually associated with phenotypes distinct from those caused by the loss of the tumor-suppressing function exerted by wild-type p53protein. Many of these mutant p53 proteins have oncogenic characteristics, and therefore modulate the ability of cancer cells to proliferate, escape apoptosis, invade and metastasize. Because p53 deficiency is so common in human cancer, this protein is an excellent option for cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss some of the molecular pathways by which mutant p53 proteins might perform their oncogenic activities, as well as prospective treatment methods based on restoring tumor suppressive p53 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E Marei
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35116, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thomas Caceci
- Biomedical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Giacomo Pozzoli
- Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine. Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine. Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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17
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Sad K, Parashar P, Tripathi P, Hungyo H, Sistla R, Soni R, Tandon V. Prochlorperazine enhances radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung carcinoma by stabilizing GDP-bound mutant KRAS conformation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:299-312. [PMID: 34742922 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is considered as leading cancer with the highest mortality. The KRAS-oncogenic mutations are dominant in lung carcinoma leading to poor prognosis and radioresistance, which is a major impediment to radiotherapy. Thus, KRAS mutant inhibitors that synergistically sensitize tumours to radiation are urgently needed. In pursuance of the search for a novel radiosensitizer, high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs was performed at active site of K-Ras. Prochlorperazine (PCZ), an antipsychotic drug, showed good binding affinity with KRAS-mutant proteins. PCZ binds to the GTP-binding pocket of KRAS-mutant protein and inhibits its constitutive activation by stabilizing the GDP-bound conformation of K-Ras mutants by 9 kcal/mol compared to WT. PCZ alongwith radiation decreased the clonogenic survival of KRAS-mutant NSCLC but not KRAS-WT cells. The combination treatment activates p-ATM, p53, and p21 proteins, leading to cell cycle arrest. PCZ with increasing radiation caused a linear increase in γH2AX foci, suggesting enhanced DSBs-associated apoptosis in radioresistant A549 cells. Pharmacokinetics study showed Cmax = 526 ng/ml at 30min, 4.6h half-life in plasma, and highest accumulation in tumours. PCZ and 10Gy irradiation synergistically radiosensitize mice xenografts via downregulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Our efforts have led to the discovery of PCZ as a lead compound. In preclinical analyses, treatment with PCZ alone and in combination with radiation led to regression of KRAS-G12S tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Sad
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Palak Parashar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pragya Tripathi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Hungharla Hungyo
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ramesh Sistla
- Think Molecular Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560102, India
| | - Ravi Soni
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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18
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Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8388258. [PMID: 34659640 PMCID: PMC8516553 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8388258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) arises when the body is subjected to harmful endogenous or exogenous factors that overwhelm the antioxidant system. There is increasing evidence that OS is involved in a number of diseases, including ovarian cancer (OC). OC is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and risk factors include genetic factors, age, infertility, nulliparity, microbial infections, obesity, smoking, etc. OS can promote the proliferation, metastasis, and therapy resistance of OC, while high levels of OS have cytotoxic effects and induce apoptosis in OC cells. This review focuses on the relationship between OS and the development of OC from four aspects: genetic alterations, signaling pathways, transcription factors, and the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, strategies to target aberrant OS in OC are summarized and discussed, with a view to providing new ideas for clinical treatment.
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19
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Nica IC, Stan MS, Popescu RG, Nicula N, Ducu R, Diamandescu L, Dinischiotu A. Fe-N Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Cell Death in Human Lung Fibroblasts in a p53-Independent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179627. [PMID: 34502536 PMCID: PMC8431805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of nanotechnology in the last decade has developed an abundance of novel and intriguing TiO2-based nanomaterials that are widely used in many sectors, including industry (as a food additive and colorant in cosmetics, paints, plastics, and toothpaste) and biomedicine (photoelectrochemical biosensing, implant coatings, drug delivery, and new emerging antimicrobial agents). Therefore, the increased use of engineered nanomaterials in the industry has raised serious concern about human exposure and their unexpected cytotoxic effects. Since inhalation is considered the most relevant way of absorbing nanomaterials, different cell death mechanisms induced in MRC-5 lung fibroblasts, following the exposure to functionalized TiO2 NPs, were investigated. Long-term exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles co-doped with 1% of iron and nitrogen led to the alteration of p53 protein activity and the gene expression controlled by this suppressor (NF-kB and mdm2), DNA damage, cell cycle disruptions at the G2/M and S phases, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization and the subsequent release of cathepsin B, triggering the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in a Bax- and p53-independent manner. Our results are of major significance, contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction of these nanoparticles with in vitro biological systems, and also providing useful information for the development of new photocatalytic nanoparticles that are active in the visible spectrum, but with increased biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Cristina Nica
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest–ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna S. Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest–ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +40-21-318-15-75
| | - Roua G. Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Nicoleta Nicula
- Environment/Energy and Climate Change Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE—CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania; (N.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Robert Ducu
- Environment/Energy and Climate Change Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE—CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania; (N.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Lucian Diamandescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics (NIMP), Atomistilor 405A, Magurele, 077125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
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20
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Zhang C, Liu J, Xu D, Zhang T, Hu W, Feng Z. Gain-of-function mutant p53 in cancer progression and therapy. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:674-687. [PMID: 32722796 PMCID: PMC7749743 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a key tumor suppressor, and loss of p53 function is frequently a prerequisite for cancer development. The p53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers; p53 mutations occur in >50% of all human cancers and in almost every type of human cancers. Most of p53 mutations in cancers are missense mutations, which produce the full-length mutant p53 (mutp53) protein with only one amino acid difference from wild-type p53 protein. In addition to loss of the tumor-suppressive function of wild-type p53, many mutp53 proteins acquire new oncogenic activities independently of wild-type p53 to promote cancer progression, termed gain-of-function (GOF). Mutp53 protein often accumulates to very high levels in cancer cells, which is critical for its GOF. Given the high mutation frequency of the p53 gene and the GOF activities of mutp53 in cancer, therapies targeting mutp53 have attracted great interest. Further understanding the mechanisms underlying mutp53 protein accumulation and GOF will help develop effective therapies treating human cancers containing mutp53. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the studies on mutp53 regulation and GOF as well as therapies targeting mutp53 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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21
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Ronayne CT, Jonnalagadda SK, Jonnalagadda S, Nelson GL, Solano LN, Palle H, Mani C, Rumbley J, Holy J, Mereddy VR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel anticancer agent CBISC that induces DNA damage response and diminishes levels of mutant-p53. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 562:127-132. [PMID: 34051576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel nitrogen mustard CBISC has been synthesized and evaluated as an anticancer agent. CBISC has been shown to exhibit enhanced cell proliferation inhibition properties against mutant p53 cell lines colorectal cancer WiDr, pancreatic cancer (MIAPaCa-2 and PANC-1), and triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468). In vitro mechanism of action studies revealed perturbations in the p53 pathway and increased cell death as evidenced by western blotting, immunofluorescent microscopy and MTT assay. Further, in vivo studies revealed that CBISC is well tolerated in healthy mice and exhibited significant in vivo tumor growth inhibition properties in WiDr and MIAPaCa-2 xenograft models. These studies illustrate the potential utility of CBISC as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor T Ronayne
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Sravan K Jonnalagadda
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Shirisha Jonnalagadda
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Grady L Nelson
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Lucas N Solano
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Hithardha Palle
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Jon Rumbley
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Jon Holy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Venkatram R Mereddy
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA; Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
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22
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Gencel-Augusto J, Lozano G. p53 tetramerization: at the center of the dominant-negative effect of mutant p53. Genes Dev 2021; 34:1128-1146. [PMID: 32873579 PMCID: PMC7462067 DOI: 10.1101/gad.340976.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Gencel-Augusto and Lozano summarize the data on p53 mutants with a functional tetramerization domain that form mixed tetramers and in some cases have dominant-negative effects (DNE) that inactivate wild-type p53. They conclude that the DNE is mostly observed after DNA damage but fails in other contexts. The p53 tumor suppressor functions as a tetrameric transcription factor to regulate hundreds of genes—many in a tissue-specific manner. Missense mutations in cancers in the p53 DNA-binding and tetramerization domains cement the importance of these domains in tumor suppression. p53 mutants with a functional tetramerization domain form mixed tetramers, which in some cases have dominant-negative effects (DNE) that inactivate wild-type p53. DNA damage appears necessary but not sufficient for DNE, indicating that upstream signals impact DNE. Posttranslational modifications and protein–protein interactions alter p53 tetramerization affecting transcription, stability, and localization. These regulatory components limit the dominant-negative effects of mutant p53 on wild-type p53 activity. A deeper understanding of the molecular basis for DNE may drive development of drugs that release WT p53 and allow tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanka Gencel-Augusto
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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23
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Zhang P, Kitchen-Smith I, Xiong L, Stracquadanio G, Brown K, Richter PH, Wallace MD, Bond E, Sahgal N, Moore S, Nornes S, De Val S, Surakhy M, Sims D, Wang X, Bell DA, Zeron-Medina J, Jiang Y, Ryan AJ, Selfe JL, Shipley J, Kar S, Pharoah PD, Loveday C, Jansen R, Grochola LF, Palles C, Protheroe A, Millar V, Ebner DV, Pagadala M, Blagden SP, Maughan TS, Domingo E, Tomlinson I, Turnbull C, Carter H, Bond GL. Germline and Somatic Genetic Variants in the p53 Pathway Interact to Affect Cancer Risk, Progression, and Drug Response. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1667-1680. [PMID: 33558336 PMCID: PMC10266546 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insights into oncogenesis derived from cancer susceptibility loci (SNP) hold the potential to facilitate better cancer management and treatment through precision oncology. However, therapeutic insights have thus far been limited by our current lack of understanding regarding both interactions of these loci with somatic cancer driver mutations and their influence on tumorigenesis. For example, although both germline and somatic genetic variation to the p53 tumor suppressor pathway are known to promote tumorigenesis, little is known about the extent to which such variants cooperate to alter pathway activity. Here we hypothesize that cancer risk-associated germline variants interact with somatic TP53 mutational status to modify cancer risk, progression, and response to therapy. Focusing on a cancer risk SNP (rs78378222) with a well-documented ability to directly influence p53 activity as well as integration of germline datasets relating to cancer susceptibility with tumor data capturing somatically-acquired genetic variation provided supportive evidence for this hypothesis. Integration of germline and somatic genetic data enabled identification of a novel entry point for therapeutic manipulation of p53 activities. A cluster of cancer risk SNPs resulted in increased expression of prosurvival p53 target gene KITLG and attenuation of p53-mediated responses to genotoxic therapies, which were reversed by pharmacologic inhibition of the prosurvival c-KIT signal. Together, our results offer evidence of how cancer susceptibility SNPs can interact with cancer driver genes to affect cancer progression and identify novel combinatorial therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: These results offer evidence of how cancer susceptibility SNPs can interact with cancer driver genes to affect cancer progression and present novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Kitchen-Smith
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lingyun Xiong
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Brown
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp H Richter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marsha D Wallace
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Bond
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Sahgal
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Moore
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Svanhild Nornes
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah De Val
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mirvat Surakhy
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Sims
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xuting Wang
- Environmental Epigenomics and Disease Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Douglas A Bell
- Environmental Epigenomics and Disease Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jorge Zeron-Medina
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anderson J Ryan
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chey Loveday
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rick Jansen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | | | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Protheroe
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Val Millar
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel V Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Meghana Pagadala
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sarah P Blagden
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enric Domingo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - Gareth L Bond
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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24
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Detection of Post-translationally Modified p53 by Western Blotting. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33786782 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1217-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor has a central role in many key cellular processes including the DNA damage response, aging, stem cell differentiation, and fertility. p53 undergoes extensive regulatory post-translational modification through events such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitylation. Here, we describe western blotting-based methodology for the detection and relative quantification of individual phosphorylation events in p53. While we focus on well-established N-terminal modifications for the purpose of illustration, this approach can be used to investigate other post-translational modifications of the protein, drawing upon a broad range of commercially available modification-specific antibodies.
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25
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Ghatak D, Das Ghosh D, Roychoudhury S. Cancer Stemness: p53 at the Wheel. Front Oncol 2021; 10:604124. [PMID: 33505918 PMCID: PMC7830093 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 maintains an equilibrium between self-renewal and differentiation to sustain a limited repertoire of stem cells for proper development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Inactivation of p53 disrupts this balance and promotes pluripotency and somatic cell reprogramming. A few reports in recent years have indicated that prevalent TP53 oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations further boosts the stemness properties of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the role of wild type p53 in regulating pluripotency of normal stem cells and various mechanisms that control the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in embryonic and adult stem cells. We also highlight how inactivating and GOF mutations in p53 stimulate stemness in cancer cells. Further, we have explored the various mechanisms of mutant p53-driven cancer stemness, particularly emphasizing on the non-coding RNA mediated epigenetic regulation. We have also analyzed the association of cancer stemness with other crucial gain-of-function properties of mutant p53 such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotypes and chemoresistance to understand how activation of one affects the other. Given the critical role of cancer stem-like cells in tumor maintenance, cancer progression, and therapy resistance of mutant p53 tumors, targeting them might improve therapeutic efficacy in human cancers with TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishari Ghatak
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Damayanti Das Ghosh
- Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
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26
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SOX2 and p53 Expression Control Converges in PI3K/AKT Signaling with Versatile Implications for Stemness and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144902. [PMID: 32664542 PMCID: PMC7402325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemness and reprogramming involve transcriptional master regulators that suppress cell differentiation while promoting self-renewal. A distinguished example thereof is SOX2, a high mobility group (HMG)-box transcription factor (TF), whose subcellular localization and turnover regulation in embryonic, induced-pluripotent, and cancer stem cells (ESCs, iPSCs, and CSCs, respectively) is mediated by the PI3K/AKT/SOX2 axis, a stem cell-specific branch of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Further effector functions associated with PI3K/AKT induction include cell cycle progression, cellular (mass) growth, and the suppression of apoptosis. Apoptosis, however, is a central element of DNA damage response (DDR), where it provides a default mechanism for cell clearance when DNA integrity cannot be maintained. A key player in DDR is tumor suppressor p53, which accumulates upon DNA-damage and is counter-balanced by PI3K/AKT enforced turnover. Accordingly, stemness sustaining SOX2 expression and p53-dependent DDR mechanisms show molecular–functional overlap in PI3K/AKT signaling. This constellation proves challenging for stem cells whose genomic integrity is a functional imperative for normative ontogenesis. Unresolved mutations in stem and early progenitor cells may in fact provoke transformation and cancer development. Such mechanisms are also particularly relevant for iPSCs, where genetic changes imposed through somatic cell reprogramming may promote DNA damage. The current review aims to summarize the latest advances in the understanding of PI3K/AKT/SOX2-driven stemness and its intertwined relations to p53-signaling in DDR under conditions of pluripotency, reprogramming, and transformation.
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27
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Pazopanib and Trametinib as a Synergistic Strategy against Osteosarcoma: Preclinical Activity and Molecular Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061519. [PMID: 32531992 PMCID: PMC7352822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) inhibitors’ activity in advanced osteosarcoma is significant but short-lived. To prevent or at least delay drug resistance, we explored a vertical inhibition by combining drugs acting at different levels of the RTK pathways (pazopanib + trametinib). We studied pazopanib + trametinib antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo (MNNG-HOS and KHOS xenografts in NOD/SCID mice) investigating the molecular mechanisms and potential escapes. The involvement of MAPK-PI3K pathways was validated by Nanostring technology, western blot and by silencing/overexpression experiments. Pazopanib targets were expressed on seven osteosarcoma cell lines and their pathways were activated. Pazopanib + trametinib exhibited synergistic antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting ERK1/2 and Akt. In vivo antitumor activity was shown in osteosarcoma-bearing mice. The drug combination significantly down-modulated RTK Ephrin Type-A Receptor 2 (EphA2) and Interleukin-7 Receptor (IL-7R), whereas induced mitogen-activated protein-kinase kinase (MAPKK) MEK6. EphA2 silencing significantly reduced osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration, while impeding MEK6 up-regulation in the treated cells significantly increased the antitumor effect of the studied drugs. Moreover, the up-regulation of MEK6 reduced combination activity. Pazopanib + trametinib demonstrated synergistic antitumor effects in osteosarcoma models through ERK and Akt inhibition and EphA2 and IL-7R down-modulation. MEK6 up-regulation might evoke escaping mechanism.
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28
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Cordani M, Butera G, Pacchiana R, Masetto F, Mullappilly N, Riganti C, Donadelli M. Mutant p53-Associated Molecular Mechanisms of ROS Regulation in Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030361. [PMID: 32111081 PMCID: PMC7175157 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequently altered gene in tumors and an increasing number of studies highlight that mutant p53 proteins can acquire oncogenic properties, referred to as gain-of-function (GOF). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles as intracellular messengers, regulating numerous signaling pathways linked to metabolism and cell growth. Tumor cells frequently display higher ROS levels compared to healthy cells as a result of their increased metabolism as well as serving as an oncogenic agent because of its damaging and mutational properties. Several studies reported that in contrast with the wild type protein, mutant p53 isoforms fail to exert antioxidant activities and rather increase intracellular ROS, driving a pro-tumorigenic survival. These pro-oxidant oncogenic abilities of GOF mutant p53 include signaling and metabolic rewiring, as well as the modulation of critical ROS-related transcription factors and antioxidant systems, which lead ROS unbalance linked to tumor progression. The studies summarized here highlight that GOF mutant p53 isoforms might constitute major targets for selective therapeutic intervention against several types of tumors and that ROS enhancement driven by mutant p53 might represent an “Achilles heel” of cancer cells, suggesting pro-oxidant drugs as a therapeutic approach for cancer patients bearing the mutant TP53 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Francesca Masetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8027281; Fax: +39-045-8027170
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29
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Hall C, Muller PA. The Diverse Functions of Mutant 53, Its Family Members and Isoforms in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246188. [PMID: 31817935 PMCID: PMC6941067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 family of proteins has grown substantially over the last 40 years. It started with p53, then p63, p73, isoforms and mutants of these proteins. The function of p53 as a tumour suppressor has been thoroughly investigated, but the functions of all isoforms and mutants and the interplay between them are still poorly understood. Mutant p53 proteins lose p53 function, display dominant-negative (DN) activity and display gain-of-function (GOF) to varying degrees. GOF was originally attributed to mutant p53′s inhibitory function over the p53 family members p63 and p73. It has become apparent that this is not the only way in which mutant p53 operates as a large number of transcription factors that are not related to p53 are activated on mutant p53 binding. This raises the question to what extent mutant p53 binding to p63 and p73 plays a role in mutant p53 GOF. In this review, we discuss the literature around the interaction between mutant p53 and family members, including other binding partners, the functional consequences and potential therapeutics.
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30
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Ghaleb A, Yallowitz A, Marchenko N. Irradiation induces p53 loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer expressing mutant p53. Commun Biol 2019; 2:436. [PMID: 31799437 PMCID: PMC6881331 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in one allele of the TP53 gene in cancer early stages are frequently followed by the loss of the remaining wild-type allele (LOH) during tumor progression. However, the clinical impact of TP53 mutations and p53LOH, especially in the context of genotoxic modalities, remains unclear. Using MMTV;ErbB2 model carrying a heterozygous R172H p53 mutation, we report a previously unidentified oncogenic activity of mutant p53 (mutp53): the exacerbation of p53LOH after irradiation. We show that wild-type p53 allele is partially transcriptionally competent and enables the maintenance of the genomic integrity under normal conditions in mutp53 heterozygous cells. In heterozygous cells γ-irradiation promotes mutp53 stabilization, which suppresses DNA repair and the cell cycle checkpoint allowing cell cycle progression in the presence of inefficiently repaired DNA, consequently increases genomic instability leading to p53LOH. Hence, in mutp53 heterozygous cells, irradiation facilitates the selective pressure for p53LOH that enhances cancer cell fitness and provides the genetic plasticity for acquiring metastatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ghaleb
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691 USA
| | - Alisha Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691 USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, LC-902, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Natalia Marchenko
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691 USA
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31
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Xue Y, San Luis B, Lane DP. Intratumour heterogeneity of p53 expression; causes and consequences. J Pathol 2019; 249:274-285. [PMID: 31322742 DOI: 10.1002/path.5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genomic alterations in different types of cancer have been identified by comprehensive sequencing methodologies, revealing TP53 as the most frequently mutated gene across the majority of human cancer types. Cytotoxic treatments are still major cancer therapy strategies but cancer recurrence due to therapy resistance is a major challenge. Resistant cell populations may be associated with TP53 mutant clones exhibiting abnormal p53 expression patterns in tumours. Given data that levels of mutant p53 influence cancer cell growth and survival, understanding the mechanisms underlying intratumour heterogeneity of p53 can be exploited to design strategies that improve patient survival. The patterns of p53 protein examined by immunohistochemistry of both premalignant and malignant tissues are complex, ranging from intense staining of all tumour cell nuclei to complete absence of staining and with many intermediate phenotypes. Animal models that express only mutant proteins and adoption of international standards for terminology have brought greater clarity to understanding the causes of variation and are at the same time demonstrating the utility of p53 in oncology. In addition to p53 mutation, MDM2 and chaperone activities, gene copy number and TP53 mRNA levels linked to proliferative activity and differentiation are all now established as causes of variation in p53 staining, with clinical implications. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhen Xue
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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Park HK, Yu DB, Sung M, Oh E, Kim M, Song JY, Lee MS, Jung K, Noh KW, An S, Song K, Nam DH, Kim YJ, Choi YL. Molecular changes in solitary fibrous tumor progression. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1413-1425. [PMID: 31321477 PMCID: PMC6746689 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are NAB2-STAT6 fusion-associated neoplasms. There are several subtypes of NAB2-STAT6 fusions, but their clinical significances are still unclear. Moreover, the mechanisms of malignant progression are also poorly understood. In this study, using 91 SFT cases, we examined whether fusion variants are associated with clinicopathological parameters and also investigated the molecular mechanism of malignant transformation using whole-exome sequencing. We detected variant 1b (NAB2ex4-STAT6ex2) in 51/91 (56%) cases and variants 2a/2b (NAB2ex6-STAT6ex16/17) in 17/91 (19%) cases. The NAB2-STAT6 fusion variant types were significantly associated with their primary site (P < 0.001). In addition, a TERT promoter mutation was detected in 7/73 (10%) cases, and it showed a significant association with malignant SFTs (P = 0.003). To identify molecular changes during malignant progression, we selected an index patient to obtain parallel tissue samples from the primary and metastatic tumors. In the metastatic tissue, 10 unique molecular alterations, including those in TP53 and APAF1, were detected. In vitro functional experiments showed that APAF1 depletion increased the tumor potency of cells expressing NAB2-STAT6 fusion protein under treatment with staurosporine. We found that TP53 immunopositivity (P = 0.006) and loss of APAF1 immunoreactivity (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with malignant SFTs. Our study suggests that dysfunction of TP53 and APAF1 leads to impaired apoptotic function, and eventually contributes toward malignant SFT transformation. Key messages We firstly found that the TERT promoter mutation was strongly associated with malignant SFTs (P = 0.003) and the representative 1b (NAB2ex4-STAT6ex2) or 2a (NAB2ex6-STAT6ex16) fusion variants similarly contribute to tumorigenicity. We also found that TP53 immunopositivity (P = 0.006) and loss of APAF1 immunoreactivity (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with malignant SFTs. Our study suggests that dysfunction of TP53 and APAF1 leads to impaired apoptotic function, and eventually contributes toward malignant SFT transformation.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-019-01815-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dan Bi Yu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Minjung Sung
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Ensel Oh
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Mingi Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Song
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Jung
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Ka-Won Noh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Sungbin An
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Song
- The Center for Companion Diagnostics, LOGONE Bio Convergence Research Foundation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. .,Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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Polireddy K, Singh K, Pruski M, Jones NC, Manisundaram NV, Ponnela P, Ouellette M, Van Buren G, Younes M, Bynon JS, Dar WA, Bailey JM. Mutant p53R175H promotes cancer initiation in the pancreas by stabilizing HSP70. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rachmawati M, Yulianti H, Hernowo BS, Suryanti S, Wijaya I, Rahadiani N, Heriyanto DS, Irianiwati I. The Correlation of KRAS Gene Expression and P53 Immunoexpression in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1940-1945. [PMID: 31406533 PMCID: PMC6684412 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (ADCCR) is the third most cancer not only in the world but also in Indonesia. There were 623 cases of ADCCR at Dr Hasan Sadikin hospital within 2015-2017. Both KRAS and TP53 mutation are known as genes which involve in carcinogenesis through the same pathway, namely the chromosomal instability pathway. In West Java, researches focusing on mutation KRAS and p53 also a correlation between both biomarkers among ADCCR patients are still limited. AIM: Therefore, this research aimed to perceive a correlation between KRAS gene expression with p53 immunoexpression in ADCCR. METHODS: Cross section research design was performed to 62 cases of ADCCR as paraffin block taken from 4 hospitals in West Java, including Dr Hasan Sadikin hospital Bandung, Santosa hospital Bandung, Borromeus hospital Bandung and Syamsudin hospital Sukabumi from January 1st 2014 to 31s November 2018. KRAS mutation gene data taken from secondary data at molecular laboratory in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta and Dr Sardjito Hospital Jogjakarta, while the detection of p53 immunoexpression data using immunohistochemical staining was carried out in the Laboratorium of Anatomical Pathology of Padjadjaran University (Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital). All data were analysed using Chi-Square test with p-value < 0,05 of significant level then proceeded with Stata ver.11 for windows. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that KRAS gene expressions from 62 sample consist of 39 wild type KRAS (62.39%) and 23 mutant KRAS (37.1%). The p53 immunoexpression consists of 27 negative cases (non-mutant p53) and 35 mutant p53, which includes 10 cases as focal expression (16.33%) and 25 cases as diffuse expressions (40.33%). There is a significant association between KRAS gene expression and p53 immunoexpressions in ADCCR (p = 0.04), with mild positive correlation (Rho 0.28). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that KRAS and p53 mutations are involved in carcinogenesis, and the p53 mutation is a more dominant risk factor than KRAS mutation among West Java people. P53 mutations with diffuse pattern tend to express mutant KRAS while p53 negative and having a focal pattern tend to express wt KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Rachmawati
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Oncology and Stem Cells Research Centre, Padjadjaran University, Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.,Department of Pathology Anatomy, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Herry Yulianti
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Oncology and Stem Cells Research Centre, Padjadjaran University, Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bethy S Hernowo
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Oncology and Stem Cells Research Centre, Padjadjaran University, Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suryanti
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Oncology and Stem Cells Research Centre, Padjadjaran University, Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Indra Wijaya
- Department of Interne Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr Hasan Sadikin, Hospital Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nur Rahadiani
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Indonesia University, Cipto Mangun Kusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Didik S Heriyanto
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Gajah Mada University, Sardjito Hospital, Jogjakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irianiwati Irianiwati
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Gajah Mada University, Sardjito Hospital, Jogjakarta, Indonesia
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Chatterjee M, Dass J. FP, Sengupta S. Nuclear stress bodies: Interaction of its components in oncogenic regulation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14700-14710. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjima Chatterjee
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | - Febin Prabhu Dass J.
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | - Sonali Sengupta
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
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Metabolic stress controls mutant p53 R248Q stability in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5637. [PMID: 30948782 PMCID: PMC6449403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eliminating mutant p53 (mt p53) protein could be a useful strategy to treat mt p53 tumors and potentially improve the prognosis of cancer patients. In this study, we unveil different mechanisms that eliminate p53-R248Q, one of the most frequent mutants found in human cancers. We show that the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG eliminates R248Q by stimulating macroautophagy under normal growth conditions. Metabolic stress induced by the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK1) inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) inhibits the macroautophagy pathway. This induces the accumulation of R248Q, which in addition further inhibits macroautophagy. Combination of DCA and 17-AAG further decreases the autophagy flux compared to DCA alone. Despite this, this co-treatment strongly decreases R248Q levels. In this situation of metabolic stress, 17-AAG induces the binding of p53-R248Q to Hsc70 and the activation of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy (CMA), leading to higher R248Q degradation than in non-stress conditions. Thus, different metabolic contexts induce diverse autophagy mechanisms that degrade p53-R248Q, and under metabolic stress, its degradation is CMA-mediated. Hence, we present different strategies to eliminate this mutant and provide new evidence of the crosstalk between macroautophagy and CMA and their potential use to target mutant p53.
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Conway JRW, Herrmann D, Evans TRJ, Morton JP, Timpson P. Combating pancreatic cancer with PI3K pathway inhibitors in the era of personalised medicine. Gut 2019; 68:742-758. [PMID: 30396902 PMCID: PMC6580874 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most deadly solid tumours. This is due to a generally late-stage diagnosis of a primarily treatment-refractory disease. Several large-scale sequencing and mass spectrometry approaches have identified key drivers of this disease and in doing so highlighted the vast heterogeneity of lower frequency mutations that make clinical trials of targeted agents in unselected patients increasingly futile. There is a clear need for improved biomarkers to guide effective targeted therapies, with biomarker-driven clinical trials for personalised medicine becoming increasingly common in several cancers. Interestingly, many of the aberrant signalling pathways in PDAC rely on downstream signal transduction through the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, which has led to the development of several approaches to target these key regulators, primarily as combination therapies. The following review discusses the trend of PDAC therapy towards molecular subtyping for biomarker-driven personalised therapies, highlighting the key pathways under investigation and their relationship to the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- James RW Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - TR Jeffry Evans
- Cancer Department, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Department, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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38
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Chen YN, Ren CC, Yang L, Nai MM, Xu YM, Zhang F, Liu Y. MicroRNA let‑7d‑5p rescues ovarian cancer cell apoptosis and restores chemosensitivity by regulating the p53 signaling pathway via HMGA1. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1771-1784. [PMID: 30816441 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the gynecological malignancy type with the highest mortality rate in females. The regulatory effect of microRNAs (miRs) on their target genes serves a key role in tumor development. Therefore, in the present study, whether miR let‑7d‑5p targeting high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) regulated biological characteristics and chemosensitivity of OC cells by mediating the p53 signaling pathway was investigated. The let‑7d‑5p level was detected in OC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, followed by detection in OC cell lines SKOV3, A2780, OVCAR‑3 and CaOV3, and human normal ovarian epithelial cell line (IOSE‑80), in order to select the OC cell line for the following experiments. Subsequently, OC cells were treated with the let‑7d‑5p mimic, siHMGA1 and Tenovin‑1. The targeting association between let‑7d‑5p and HMGA1 was then examined, and the OC cell viability, migration, cycle and apoptosis were evaluated. Subsequently, the chemosensitivity of OC cells to cisplatin was verified. Finally, expression levels of let‑7d‑5p, HMGA1, p21, B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X (Bax), p27, p53 wild‑type (p53wt), p53 mutated (p53mut), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin‑dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2, MMP9 and Bcl‑2 were determined. As demonstrated in the results, let‑7d‑5p expression was low in OC tissues and had an increased reduction in the OVCAR‑3 cell line. HMGA1 was confirmed as a target of let‑7d‑5p, and its expression was also silenced by let‑7d‑5p. let‑7d‑5p repressed OC cell viability, migration, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, while it promoted the chemosensitivity of OC cells to cisplatin by targeting HMGA1. The expression of let‑7d‑5p, p21, Bax, p27 and p53wt was increased, while that of HMGA1, p53mut, PCNA, CDK2, MMP2, MMP9 and Bcl‑2 was reduced following cell transfection. The results in the present study provided evidence that let‑7d‑5p may suppress proliferation, and facilitate apoptosis and cisplatin chemosensitivity of OC cells by silencing HMGA1 via the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Chen Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Man-Man Nai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Mutant p53 Sequestration of the MDM2 Acidic Domain Inhibits E3 Ligase Activity. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00375-18. [PMID: 30455251 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00375-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense p53 mutants often accumulate in tumors and drive progression through gain of function. MDM2 efficiently degrades wild-type p53 but fails to degrade mutant p53 in tumor cells. Previous studies revealed that mutant p53 inhibits MDM2 autoubiquitination, suggesting that the interaction inhibits MDM2 E3 activity. Recent work showed that MDM2 E3 activity is stimulated by intramolecular interaction between the RING and acidic domains. Here, we show that in the mutant p53-MDM2 complex, the mutant p53 core domain binds to the MDM2 acidic domain with significantly higher avidity than wild-type p53. The mutant p53-MDM2 complex is deficient in catalyzing ubiquitin release from the activated E2 conjugating enzyme. An MDM2 construct with extra copies of the acidic domain is resistant to inhibition by mutant p53 and efficiently promotes mutant p53 ubiquitination and degradation. The results suggest that mutant p53 interferes with the intramolecular autoactivation mechanism of MDM2, contributing to reduced ubiquitination and increased accumulation in tumor cells.
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Mantovani F, Collavin L, Del Sal G. Mutant p53 as a guardian of the cancer cell. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:199-212. [PMID: 30538286 PMCID: PMC6329812 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty years of research have established that the p53 tumor suppressor provides a major barrier to neoplastic transformation and tumor progression by its unique ability to act as an extremely sensitive collector of stress inputs, and to coordinate a complex framework of diverse effector pathways and processes that protect cellular homeostasis and genome stability. Missense mutations in the TP53 gene are extremely widespread in human cancers and give rise to mutant p53 proteins that lose tumor suppressive activities, and some of which exert trans-dominant repression over the wild-type counterpart. Cancer cells acquire selective advantages by retaining mutant forms of the protein, which radically subvert the nature of the p53 pathway by promoting invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. In this review, we consider available evidence suggesting that mutant p53 proteins can favor cancer cell survival and tumor progression by acting as homeostatic factors that sense and protect cancer cells from transformation-related stress stimuli, including DNA lesions, oxidative and proteotoxic stress, metabolic inbalance, interaction with the tumor microenvironment, and the immune system. These activities of mutant p53 may explain cancer cell addiction to this particular oncogene, and their study may disclose tumor vulnerabilities and synthetic lethalities that could be exploited for hitting tumors bearing missense TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiamma Mantovani
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Licio Collavin
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- IFOM-the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Trieste, Italy.
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Regulators of Oncogenic Mutant TP53 Gain of Function. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010004. [PMID: 30577483 PMCID: PMC6356290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 (TP53) is the most frequently mutated human gene. Mutations in TP53 not only disrupt its tumor suppressor function, but also endow oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) activities in a manner independent of wild-type TP53 (wtp53). Mutant TP53 (mutp53) GOF is mainly mediated by its binding with other tumor suppressive or oncogenic proteins. Increasing evidence indicates that stabilization of mutp53 is crucial for its GOF activity. However, little is known about factors that alter mutp53 stability and its oncogenic GOF activities. In this review article, we primarily summarize key regulators of mutp53 stability/activities, including genotoxic stress, post-translational modifications, ubiquitin ligases, and molecular chaperones, as well as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and dimer-forming mutations in mutp53.
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Babikir HA, Afjei R, Paulmurugan R, Massoud TF. Restoring guardianship of the genome: Anticancer drug strategies to reverse oncogenic mutant p53 misfolding. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 71:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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43
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The p53 Pathway in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090297. [PMID: 30200436 PMCID: PMC6162501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor and transcription factor p53 plays critical roles in tumor prevention by orchestrating a wide variety of cellular responses, including damaged cell apoptosis, maintenance of genomic stability, inhibition of angiogenesis, and regulation of cell metabolism and tumor microenvironment. TP53 is one of the most commonly deregulated genes in cancer. The p53-ARF-MDM2 pathway is deregulated in 84% of glioblastoma (GBM) patients and 94% of GBM cell lines. Deregulated p53 pathway components have been implicated in GBM cell invasion, migration, proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and cancer cell stemness. These pathway components are also regulated by various microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. TP53 mutations in GBM are mostly point mutations that lead to a high expression of a gain of function (GOF) oncogenic variants of the p53 protein. These relatively understudied GOF p53 mutants promote GBM malignancy, possibly by acting as transcription factors on a set of genes other than those regulated by wild type p53. Their expression correlates with worse prognosis, highlighting their potential importance as markers and targets for GBM therapy. Understanding mutant p53 functions led to the development of novel approaches to restore p53 activity or promote mutant p53 degradation for future GBM therapies.
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44
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TRRAP is essential for regulating the accumulation of mutant and wild-type p53 in lymphoma. Blood 2018; 131:2789-2802. [PMID: 29653964 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-806679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors accumulate high levels of mutant p53 (mutp53), which contributes to mutp53 gain-of-function properties. The mechanisms that underlie such excessive accumulation are not fully understood. To discover regulators of mutp53 protein accumulation, we performed a large-scale RNA interference screen in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line model. We identified transformation/transcription domain-associated protein (TRRAP), a constituent of several histone acetyltransferase complexes, as a critical positive regulator of both mutp53 and wild-type p53 levels. TRRAP silencing attenuated p53 accumulation in lymphoma and colon cancer models, whereas TRRAP overexpression increased mutp53 levels, suggesting a role for TRRAP across cancer entities and p53 mutations. Through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 screening, we identified a 109-amino-acid region in the N-terminal HEAT repeat region of TRRAP that was crucial for mutp53 stabilization and cell proliferation. Mass spectrometric analysis of the mutp53 interactome indicated that TRRAP silencing caused degradation of mutp53 via the MDM2-proteasome axis. This suggests that TRRAP is vital for maintaining mutp53 levels by shielding it against the natural p53 degradation machinery. To identify drugs that alleviated p53 accumulation similarly to TRRAP silencing, we performed a small-molecule drug screen and found that inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), specifically HDAC1/2/3, decreased p53 levels to a comparable extent. In summary, here we identify TRRAP as a key regulator of p53 levels and link acetylation-modifying complexes to p53 protein stability. Our findings may provide clues for therapeutic targeting of mutp53 in lymphoma and other cancers.
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Yamashita S, Chun YS, Kopetz SE, Vauthey JN. Biomarkers in colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 2018; 105:618-627. [PMID: 29579319 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a 5-year overall survival rate of 58 per cent after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLMs), more than half of patients develop recurrence, highlighting the need for accurate risk stratification and prognostication. Traditional prognostic factors have been superseded by newer outcome predictors, including those defined by the molecular origin of the primary tumour. METHODS This review synthesized findings in the literature using the PubMed database of articles in the English language published between 1998 and 2017 on prognostic and predictive biomarkers in patients undergoing resection of CLMs. RESULTS Responses to preoperative chemotherapy define prognosis in patients undergoing CLM resection. There are differences by embryological origin too. Somatic mutations in the proto-oncogenes KRAS and NRAS are associated with positive surgical margins and tumour regrowth after ablation. Other mutations (such as BRAF) and co-occurring mutations in RAS/TP53 and APC/PIK3CA have emerged as important biomarkers that determine an individual patient's tumour biology and may be used to predict outcome after CLM resection. CONCLUSION Knowledge of somatic mutations can guide the use of preoperative therapy, extent of surgical margin and selection for ablation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamashita
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Y S Chun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - S E Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J-N Vauthey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Suppression of gain-of-function mutant p53 with metabolic inhibitors reduces tumor growth in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77664-77682. [PMID: 27765910 PMCID: PMC5363612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of p53 occasionally results in a gain of function, which promotes tumor growth. We asked whether destabilizing the gain-of-function protein would kill tumor cells. Downregulation of the gene reduced cell proliferation in p53-mutant cells, but not in p53-null cells, indicating that the former depended on the mutant protein for survival. Moreover, phenformin and 2-deoxyglucose suppressed cell growth and simultaneously destabilized mutant p53. The AMPK pathway, MAPK pathway, chaperone proteins and ubiquitination all contributed to this process. Interestingly, phenformin and 2-deoxyglucose also reduced tumor growth in syngeneic mice harboring the p53 mutation. Thus, destabilizing mutant p53 protein in order to kill cells exhibiting "oncogene addiction" could be a promising strategy for combatting p53 mutant tumors.
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Does a p53 "Wild-type" Immunophenotype Exclude a Diagnosis of Endometrial Serous Carcinoma? Adv Anat Pathol 2018; 25:61-70. [PMID: 28945609 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An aberrant p53 immunophenotype may be identified in several histotypes of endometrial carcinoma, and is accordingly recognized to lack diagnostic specificity in and of itself. However, based on the high frequency with which p53 aberrations have historically been identified in endometrial serous carcinoma, a mutation-type immunophenotype is considered to be highly sensitive for the histotype. Using an illustrative case study and a review of the literature, we explore a relatively routine diagnostic question: whether the negative predictive value of a wild-type p53 immunophenotype for serous carcinoma is absolute, that is, whether a p53-wild type immunophenotype is absolutely incompatible with a diagnosis of serous carcinoma. The case is an advanced stage endometrial carcinoma that was reproducibly classified by pathologists from 3 institutions as serous carcinoma based on its morphologic features. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor was p53-wild type (DO-7 clone), diffusely positive for p16 (block positivity), and showed retained expression of PTEN, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2. Next generation sequencing showed that there indeed was an underlying mutation in TP53 (D393fs*78, R213*). The tumor was microsatellite stable, had a low mutational burden (4 mutations per MB), and displayed no mutations in the exonuclease domain of DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) gene. Other genomic alterations included RB1 mutation (R46fs*19), amplifications in MYST3 and CRKL, and ARID1A deletion (splice site 5125-94_5138del108). A review of the recent literature identified 5 studies in which a total of 259 cases of serous carcinoma were whole-exome sequenced. The average TP53 mutational rate in endometrial serous carcinoma was only 75% (range, 60 to 88). A total of 12 (33%) of 36 immunohistochemical studies reported a p53-aberrant rate of <80% in endometrial serous carcinoma. We discuss in detail several potential explanations that may underlie the scenario of serous carcinoma-like morphology combined with p53-wild-type immunophenotype, including analytic limitations, a nonserous histotype displaying morphologic mimicry of serous carcinoma, and true biological phenomena (including the possibility of a TP53-independent pathway of endometrial serous carcinogenesis). Ultimately, our central thematic question is provisionally answered in the negative. At present, the available data would not support a categorical conclusion that a p53 alteration is a necessary and obligate component in the genesis and/or diagnosis of endometrial serous carcinoma. On the basis of their collective experience, the authors proffer some recommendations on the use of p53 immunohistochemistry in the histotyping of endometrial carcinomas.
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Knockdown of CMTM3 promotes metastasis of gastric cancer via the STAT3/Twist1/EMT signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29507-19. [PMID: 27121055 PMCID: PMC5045413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CMTM3 (CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 3) possesses tumor suppressor properties in multiple types of malignancies. Restoration of CMTM3 significantly inhibits the metastasis of gastric cancer, and its expression level is correlated with prognosis. However, the physiological effects and the mechanism of CMTM3 remain unknown. Here, we suppress CMTM3 expression by shRNA to explore its endogenous effects and its mechanism of action in gastric cancer. Stable knockdown of CMTM3 promotes cell migration, invasion and tumor metastasis, increases MMP2 expression and enhances MMP2 activity. CMTM3 inhibits EMT along with the upregulation of E-cadherin and the downregulation of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Twist1. It has no obvious effects on Zeb1 and Snail. CMTM3 suppresses the phosphorylation of STAT3 but not Akt. More importantly, the EMT phenotype and cell migration induced by CMTM3 knockdown can be reversed by the Jak2/STAT3 inhibitor JSI-124 or by siRNA against STAT3 or Twist1. Overall, this study demonstrates that knockdown of CMTM3 promotes the metastasis of gastric cancer through the STAT3/Twist1/EMT pathway.
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Kim MP, Lozano G. Mutant p53 partners in crime. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:161-168. [PMID: 29099488 PMCID: PMC5729539 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant p53 proteins impart changes in cellular behavior and function through interactions with proteins that alter gene expression. The milieu of intracellular proteins available to interact with mutant p53 is context specific and changes with disease, cell type, and environmental conditions. Varying conformations of mutant p53 largely dictate protein–protein interactions as different point mutations within protein-coding regions greatly alter the extent and array of gain-of-function (GOF) activities. Given such variables, how can knowledge regarding p53 missense mutations be translated into predicting or altering biologic activity for therapy? How may knowledge regarding mutant p53 functions within certain disease contexts be harnessed to blunt or ablate mutant p53 GOF for therapy? In this article, we review known proteins that interact with mutant p53 and result in the activation of genes that contribute to p53 GOF with particular emphasis on context dependency and an evolving appreciation of GOF mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Synnott NC, Bauer MR, Madden S, Murray A, Klinger R, O'Donovan N, O'Connor D, Gallagher WM, Crown J, Fersht AR, Duffy MJ. Mutant p53 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: Preclinical investigation with the anti-p53 drug, PK11007. Cancer Lett 2017; 414:99-106. [PMID: 29069577 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of a targeted therapy for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most urgent needs in breast cancer therapeutics. The p53 gene is mutated in approximately 80% of patients with TNBC, and is a potential therapeutic target for patients with this form of breast cancer. The 2-sulfonylpyrimidine compound, PK11007, preferentially decreases viability in p53-compromised cancer cell lines. We investigated PK11007 as a potential new treatment for TNBC. IC50 values for inhibition of proliferation in a panel of 17 breast cell lines by PK11007 ranged from 2.3 to 42.2 μM. There were significantly lower IC50 values for TNBC than for non-TNBC cell lines (p = 0.03) and for p53-mutated cell lines compared with p53 WT cells (p = 0.003). Response to PK11007 however, was independent of the estrogen receptor (ER) or HER2 status of the cell lines. In addition to inhibiting cell proliferation, PK11007 induced apoptosis in p53 mutant cell lines. Using RNAseq and gene ontology analysis, we found that PK11007 altered the expression of genes enriched in pathways involved in regulated cell death, regulation of apoptosis, signal transduction, protein refolding and locomotion. The observations that PK11007 inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and altered genes involved in cell death are all consistent with the ability of PK11007 to reactivate mutant p53. Based on our data, we conclude that targeting mutant p53 with PK11007 is a potential approach for treating p53-mutated breast cancer, including the subgroup with TN disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoise C Synnott
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Matthias R Bauer
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Madden
- Population Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alyson Murray
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rut Klinger
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Norma O'Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology (NICB), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darran O'Connor
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alan R Fersht
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Duffy
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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