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Qu S, Jia W, Nie Y, Shi W, Chen C, Zhao Z, Song W. AGR2: The Covert Driver and New Dawn of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. Biomolecules 2024; 14:743. [PMID: 39062458 PMCID: PMC11275012 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) plays a crucial role in facilitating the formation of protein disulfide bonds within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Research suggests that AGR2 can function as an oncogene, with its heightened expression linked to the advancement of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers through invasion and metastasis. Notably, AGR2 not only serves as a pro-oncogenic agent but also as a downstream targeting protein, indirectly fostering cancer progression. This comprehensive review delves into the established functions and expression patterns of AGR2, emphasizing its pivotal role in cancer progression, particularly in hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies. Furthermore, AGR2 emerges as a potential cancer prognostic marker and a promising target for immunotherapy, offering novel avenues for the treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers and enhancing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Qu
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, China; (S.Q.); (W.J.); (W.S.); (C.C.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Weili Jia
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, China; (S.Q.); (W.J.); (W.S.); (C.C.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ye Nie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wen Shi
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, China; (S.Q.); (W.J.); (W.S.); (C.C.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chao Chen
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, China; (S.Q.); (W.J.); (W.S.); (C.C.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zihao Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wenjie Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Z.Z.)
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Lai TY, Chiang TC, Lee CY, Kuo TC, Wu CH, Chen YI, Hu CM, Maskey M, Tang SC, Jeng YM, Tien YW, Lee EYHP, Lee WH. Unraveling the impact of cancer-associated fibroblasts on hypovascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1096-1108. [PMID: 38341509 PMCID: PMC10991442 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) with low microvessel density and fibrosis often exhibit clinical aggressiveness. Given the contribution of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to the hypovascular fibrotic stroma in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, investigating whether CAFs play a similar role in PNETs becomes imperative. In this study, we investigated the involvement of CAFs in PNETs and their effects on clinical outcomes. METHODS We examined 79 clinical PNET specimens to evaluate the number and spatial distribution of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive cells, which are indicative of CAFs. Then, the findings were correlated with clinical outcomes. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess the effects of CAFs (isolated from clinical specimens) on PNET metastasis and growth. Additionally, the role of the stromal-cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1)-AGR2 axis in mediating communication between CAFs and PNET cells was investigated. RESULTS αSMA-positive and platelet-derived growth factor-α-positive CAFs were detected in the hypovascular stroma of PNET specimens. A higher abundance of α-SMA-positive CAFs within the PNET stroma was significantly associated with a higher level of clinical aggressiveness. Notably, conditioned medium from PNET cells induced an inflammatory phenotype in isolated CAFs. These CAFs promoted PNET growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, PNET cells secreted interleukin-1, which induced the secretion of SDF1 from CAFs. This cascade subsequently elevated AGR2 expression in PNETs, thereby promoting tumor growth and metastasis. The downregulation of AGR2 in PNET cells effectively suppressed the CAF-mediated promotion of PNET growth and metastasis. CONCLUSION CAFs drive the growth and metastasis of aggressive PNETs. The CXCR4-SDF1 axis may be a target for antistromal therapy in the treatment of PNET. This study clarifies mechanisms underlying PNET aggressiveness and may guide future therapeutic interventions targeting the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chen Chiang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ing Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Manjit Maskey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shiue-Cheng Tang
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Tien
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Eva Y-H P Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Hwa Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Avşar G, Pir P. An integrated study to decipher immunosuppressive cellular communication in the PDAC environment. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:56. [PMID: 37945567 PMCID: PMC10636193 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one the most aggressive cancers and characterized by a highly rigid and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The extensive cellular interactions are known to play key roles in the immune evasion, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis. Here, we used the spatial transcriptomics, scRNA-seq, and bulk RNA-seq datasets to enhance the insights obtained from each to decipher the cellular communication in the TME. The complex crosstalk in PDAC samples was revealed by the single-cell and spatial transcriptomics profiles of the samples. We show that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the central cell types in the regulation of microenvironment in PDAC. They colocalize with the cancer cells and tumor-suppressor immune cells and take roles to provide an immunosuppressive environment. LGALS9 gene which is upregulated in PDAC tumor samples in comparison to healthy samples was also found to be upregulated in TAMs compared to tumor-suppressor immune cells in cancer samples. Additionally, LGALS9 was found to be the primary component in the crosstalk between TAMs and the other cells. The widespread expression of P4HB gene and its interaction with LGALS9 was also notable. Our findings point to a profound role of TAMs via LGALS9 and its interaction with P4HB that should be considered for further elucidation as target in the combinatory immunotherapies for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülben Avşar
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
- Turkish Academy of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Pir
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Yousuf S, Qiu M, Voith von Voithenberg L, Hulkkonen J, Macinkovic I, Schulz AR, Hartmann D, Mueller F, Mijatovic M, Ibberson D, AlHalabi KT, Hetzer J, Anders S, Brüne B, Mei HE, Imbusch CD, Brors B, Heikenwälder M, Gaida MM, Büchler MW, Weigert A, Hackert T, Roth S. Spatially Resolved Multi-Omics Single-Cell Analyses Inform Mechanisms of Immune Dysfunction in Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:891-908.e14. [PMID: 37263303 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS As pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to be recalcitrant to therapeutic interventions, including poor response to immunotherapy, albeit effective in other solid malignancies, a more nuanced understanding of the immune microenvironment in PDAC is urgently needed. We aimed to unveil a detailed view of the immune micromilieu in PDAC using a spatially resolved multimodal single-cell approach. METHODS We applied single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, multiplex immunohistochemistry, and mass cytometry to profile the immune compartment in treatment-naïve PDAC tumors and matched adjacent normal pancreatic tissue, as well as in the systemic circulation. We determined prognostic associations of immune signatures and performed a meta-analysis of the immune microenvironment in PDAC and lung adenocarcinoma on single-cell level. RESULTS We provided a spatially resolved fine map of the immune landscape in PDAC. We substantiated the exhausted phenotype of CD8 T cells and immunosuppressive features of myeloid cells, and highlighted immune subsets with potentially underappreciated roles in PDAC that diverged from immune populations within adjacent normal areas, particularly CD4 T cell subsets and natural killer T cells that are terminally exhausted and acquire a regulatory phenotype. Differential analysis of immune phenotypes in PDAC and lung adenocarcinoma revealed the presence of extraordinarily immunosuppressive subtypes in PDAC, along with a distinctive immune checkpoint composition. CONCLUSIONS Our study sheds light on the multilayered immune dysfunction in PDAC and presents a holistic view of the immune landscape in PDAC and lung adenocarcinoma, providing a comprehensive resource for functional studies and the exploration of therapeutically actionable targets in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Yousuf
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mengjie Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Hulkkonen
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Macinkovic
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Domenic Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Mueller
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margarete Mijatovic
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Ibberson
- Deep Sequencing Core Facility, BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karam T AlHalabi
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Hetzer
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Anders
- BioQuant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Henrik E Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles D Imbusch
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Joint Unit Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University and Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Identification and Interaction Analysis of Molecular Markers in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322231186719. [PMID: 37529485 PMCID: PMC10387711 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231186719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Intense efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms of PDAC are still not well understood. The purpose of this study is to further explore the molecular mechanism of PDAC through integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods To identify the candidate genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of PDAC, next-generation sequencing (NGS) data set GSE133684 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and the module analysis was performed using Integrated Interactions Database (IID) interactome database and Cytoscape. Subsequently, miRNA-DEG regulatory network and TF-DEG regulatory network were constructed using miRNet database, NetworkAnalyst database, and Cytoscape software. The expression levels of hub genes were validated based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, expression analysis, stage analysis, mutation analysis, protein expression analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results A total of 463 DEGs were identified, consisting of 232 upregulated genes and 233 downregulated genes. The enriched GO terms and pathways of the DEGs include vesicle organization, secretory vesicle, protein dimerization activity, lymphocyte activation, cell surface, transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups, hemostasis, and adaptive immune system. Four hub genes (namely, cathepsin B [CCNB1], four-and-a-half LIM domains 2 (FHL2), major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1 (HLA-DPA1) and tubulin beta 1 class VI (TUBB1)) were obtained via taking interaction of different analysis results. Conclusions On the whole, the findings of this investigation enhance our understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of PDAC and provide potential targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Society’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag, India
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Government First Grade College, Hubballi, India
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Dalmasso B, Ghiorzo P. Long Non-Coding RNAs and Metabolic Rewiring in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3486. [PMID: 37444595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. The reprogramming of energetic metabolism has long been implicated in pancreatic tumorigenesis and/or resistance to treatment. Considering that long non-coding RNA dysregulation has been described both in cancerogenesis and in the altered homeostasis of several metabolic pathways, metabolism-associated lncRNAs can contribute to pancreatic cancer evolution. The objective of this review is to assess the burden of lncRNA dysregulation in pancreatic cancer metabolic reprogramming, and its effect on this tumor's natural course and response to treatment. Therefore, we reviewed the available literature to assess whether metabolism-associated lncRNAs have been found to be differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer, as well as whether experimental evidence of their role in such pathways can be demonstrated. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive overview of lncRNAs that are implicated in hypoxia-related pathways, as well as in the reprogramming of autophagy, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Our review gathers background material for further research on possible applications of metabolism-associated lncRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and/or as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dalmasso
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Alqurashi YE, Al-Hetty HRAK, Ramaiah P, Fazaa AH, Jalil AT, Alsaikhan F, Gupta J, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Tayyib NA, Peng H. Harnessing function of EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma: From biological view to nanotechnological standpoint. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115683. [PMID: 36933639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Management of cancer metastasis has been associated with remarkable reduction in progression of cancer cells and improving survival rate of patients. Since 90% of mortality are due to cancer metastasis, its suppression can improve ability in cancer fighting. The EMT has been an underlying cause in increasing cancer migration and it is followed by mesenchymal transformation of epithelial cells. HCC is the predominant kind of liver tumor threatening life of many people around the world with poor prognosis. Increasing patient prognosis can be obtained via inhibiting tumor metastasis. HCC metastasis modulation by EMT and HCC therapy by nanoparticles are discussed here. First of all, EMT happens during progression and advanced stages of HCC and therefore, its inhibition can reduce tumor malignancy. Moreover, anti-cancer compounds including all-trans retinoic acid and plumbaging, among others, have been considered as inhibitors of EMT. The EMT association with chemoresistance has been evaluated. Moreover, ZEB1/2, TGF-β, Snail and Twist are EMT modulators in HCC and enhancing cancer invasion. Therefore, EMT mechanism and related molecular mechanisms in HCC are evaluated. The treatment of HCC has not been only emphasized on targeting molecular pathways with pharmacological compounds and since drugs have low bioavailability, their targeted delivery by nanoparticles promotes HCC elimination. Moreover, nanoparticle-mediated phototherapy impairs tumorigenesis in HCC by triggering cell death. Metastasis of HCC and even EMT mechanism can be suppressed by cargo-loaded nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser E Alqurashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Pin Code 281406, U. P., India
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia; Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Ecuador
| | - Nahla A Tayyib
- Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al- Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Tsai HW, Chen YL, Wang CI, Hsieh CC, Lin YH, Chu PM, Wu YH, Huang YC, Chen CY. Anterior gradient 2 induces resistance to sorafenib via endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:42. [PMID: 36899352 PMCID: PMC9999520 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for almost 80% of all liver cancer cases and is the sixth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The survival rate of sorafenib-treated advanced HCC patients is still unsatisfactory. Unfortunately, no useful biomarkers have been verified to predict sorafenib efficacy in HCC. RESULTS We assessed a sorafenib resistance-related microarray dataset and found that anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is highly associated with overall and recurrence-free survival and with several clinical parameters in HCC. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of AGR2 in sorafenib resistance and HCC progression remain unknown. We found that sorafenib induces AGR2 secretion via posttranslational modification and that AGR2 plays a critical role in sorafenib-regulated cell viability and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and induces apoptosis in sorafenib-sensitive cells. In sorafenib-sensitive cells, sorafenib downregulates intracellular AGR2 and conversely induces AGR2 secretion, which suppresses its regulation of ER stress and cell survival. In contrast, AGR2 is highly intracellularly expressed in sorafenib-resistant cells, which supports ER homeostasis and cell survival. We suggest that AGR2 regulates ER stress to influence HCC progression and sorafenib resistance. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report that AGR2 can modulate ER homeostasis via the IRE1α-XBP1 cascade to regulate HCC progression and sorafenib resistance. Elucidation of the predictive value of AGR2 and its molecular and cellular mechanisms in sorafenib resistance could provide additional options for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Division of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 613, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Harn Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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9
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Low RRJ, Fung KY, Gao H, Preaudet A, Dagley LF, Yousef J, Lee B, Emery-Corbin SJ, Nguyen PM, Larsen RH, Kershaw NJ, Burgess AW, Gibbs P, Hollande F, Griffin MDW, Grimmond SM, Putoczki TL. S100 family proteins are linked to organoid morphology and EMT in pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1155-1165. [PMID: 36828915 PMCID: PMC10154348 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a continuum that includes epithelial, partial EMT, and mesenchymal states, each of which is associated with cancer progression, invasive capabilities, and ultimately, metastasis. We used a lineage-traced sporadic model of pancreatic cancer to generate a murine organoid biobank from primary and secondary tumors, including sublines that underwent partial EMT and complete EMT. Using an unbiased proteomics approach, we found that organoid morphology predicts the EMT state, and the solid organoids are associated with a partial EMT signature. We also observed that exogenous TGFβ1 induces solid organoid morphology that is associated with changes in the S100 family, complete EMT, and the formation of high-grade tumors. S100A4 may be a useful biomarker for predicting EMT state, disease progression, and outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Ren Jie Low
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Ka Yee Fung
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Hugh Gao
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Adele Preaudet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Laura F Dagley
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jumana Yousef
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Belinda Lee
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samantha J Emery-Corbin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Paul M Nguyen
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Rune H Larsen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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10
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Zhang K, Li Y, Kong X, Lei C, Yang H, Wang N, Wang Z, Chang H, Xuan L. AGR2: a secreted protein worthy of attention in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1195885. [PMID: 37197416 PMCID: PMC10183570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1195885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AGR2 is a secreted protein widely existing in breast. In precancerous lesions, primary tumors and metastatic tumors, the expression of AGR2 is increased, which has aroused our interest. This review introduces the gene and protein structure of AGR2. Its endoplasmic reticulum retention sequence, protein disulfide isomerase active site and multiple protein binding sequences endow AGR2 with diverse functions inside and outside breast cancer cells. This review also enumerates the role of AGR2 in the progress and prognosis of breast cancer, and emphasizes that AGR2 can be a promising biomarker and a target for immunotherapy of breast cancer, providing new ideas for early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuqi Lei
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nianchang Wang
- Department of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongzhao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongzhao Wang, ; Hu Chang, ; Lixue Xuan,
| | - Hu Chang
- Administration Office, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongzhao Wang, ; Hu Chang, ; Lixue Xuan,
| | - Lixue Xuan
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongzhao Wang, ; Hu Chang, ; Lixue Xuan,
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11
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Jiao J, Cheng CS, Xu P, Yang P, Zhang K, Jing Y, Chen Z. Mechanisms of pancreatic tumor suppression mediated by Xiang-lian pill: An integrated in silico exploration and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115586. [PMID: 35931303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiang-lian pill, consisting of Coptis chinensis Franch. coprocessed with Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley (Yu-huang-lian) and Aucklandia lappa DC. (Mu-xiang), is traditionally used to relieve fever, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal inflammatory symptoms observed in patients with malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. Each of the three herbs contained in Xiang-lian pill has been indicated to have anticancer effects on a variety of cancers, but its effects on pancreatic cancer remain unexplored. The main extracts of these herbs have anti-pancreatic cancer effects, but the comprehensive mechanism of this compound prescription of Xiang-lian pill in pancreatic cancer remains to be revealed. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the main active ingredients, potential anti-pancreatic cancer targets, and related mechanisms of the Xiang-lian pill and to determine its therapeutic value in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis were applied to screen the potential effective ingredients and key targets. Liquid/gas-mass spectrometry was performed for ingredients validation. Molecular docking and the cellular thermal shift assay were performed to test the binding efficiency between ingredients and targets. A murine pancreatic cancer model was established and administered different doses of the Xiang-lian pill. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for histopathological observation. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were conducted for target validation. In vitro studies (cell viability and clonogenicity assays) were conducted to investigate the impact of three main ingredients in Xiang-lian pill on pancreatic cancer cells. PTGS2 overexpression was performed to reversely confirm the antitumor mechanisms of rutaecarpine as a specific PTGS2 inhibitor. RESULTS Xiang-lian pill suppressed pancreatic cancer growth in the dose range of 0.78-2.34g/kg with no significant toxicity. Sixteen potentially active ingredients and 26 corresponding therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer were identified. PTGS2, PTGS1, KCNH2, PRSS1, and HSP90AA1 were the top 5 significant genes targeted by the Xiang-lian pill. Evodiamine, rutaecarpine and stigmasterol bound to PTGS2 and PTGS1 with different affinities and inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. The PTGS2-associated metabolic pathway MEK/ERK was downregulated by rutaecarpine in vitro and the Xiang-lian pill in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Xiang-lian pill mainly regulates inflammation, apoptosis, metastasis, and metabolism to exert an antitumor effect. The main active ingredients in Xiang-lian pill exhibit antitumor roles through directly binding to key targets in pancreatic cancer. PTGS2 mediated MEK/ERK inhibition by rutaecarpine represents a key therapeutic mechanism of Xiang-lian pill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juying Jiao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chien-Shan Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Panling Xu
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Peiwen Yang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanhua Jing
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Fetal Programming of the Endocrine Pancreas: Impact of a Maternal Low-Protein Diet on Gene Expression in the Perinatal Rat Pancreas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911057. [PMID: 36232358 PMCID: PMC9569808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In rats, the time of birth is characterized by a transient rise in beta cell replication, as well as beta cell neogenesis and the functional maturation of the endocrine pancreas. However, the knowledge of the gene expression during this period of beta cell expansion is incomplete. The aim was to characterize the perinatal rat pancreas transcriptome and to identify regulatory pathways differentially regulated at the whole organ level in the offspring of mothers fed a regular control diet (CO) and of mothers fed a low-protein diet (LP). We performed mRNA expression profiling via the microarray analysis of total rat pancreas samples at embryonic day (E) 20 and postnatal days (P) 0 and 2. In the CO group, pancreas metabolic pathways related to sterol and lipid metabolism were highly enriched, whereas the LP diet induced changes in transcripts involved in RNA transcription and gene regulation, as well as cell migration and apoptosis. Moreover, a number of individual transcripts were markedly upregulated at P0 in the CO pancreas: growth arrest specific 6 (Gas6), legumain (Lgmn), Ets variant gene 5 (Etv5), alpha-fetoprotein (Afp), dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (Dusp6), and angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4). The LP diet induced the downregulation of a large number of transcripts, including neurogenin 3 (Neurog3), Etv5, Gas6, Dusp6, signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), growth hormone receptor (Ghr), prolactin receptor (Prlr), and Gas6 receptor (AXL receptor tyrosine kinase; Axl), whereas upregulated transcripts were related to inflammatory responses and cell motility. We identified differentially regulated genes and transcriptional networks in the perinatal pancreas. These data revealed marked adaptations of exocrine and endocrine in the pancreas to the low-protein diet, and the data can contribute to identifying novel regulators of beta cell mass expansion and functional maturation and may provide a valuable tool in the generation of fully functional beta cells from stem cells to be used in replacement therapy.
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13
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Boisteau E, Posseme C, Di Modugno F, Edeline J, Coulouarn C, Hrstka R, Martisova A, Delom F, Treton X, Eriksson LA, Chevet E, Lièvre A, Ogier-Denis E. Anterior gradient proteins in gastrointestinal cancers: from cell biology to pathophysiology. Oncogene 2022; 41:4673-4685. [PMID: 36068336 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most of the organs of the digestive tract comprise secretory epithelia that require specialized molecular machines to achieve their functions. As such anterior gradient (AGR) proteins, which comprise AGR1, AGR2, and AGR3, belong to the protein disulfide isomerase family, and are involved in secretory and transmembrane protein biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. They are generally expressed in epithelial cells with high levels in most of the digestive tract epithelia. To date, the vast majority of the reports concern AGR2, which has been shown to exhibit various subcellular localizations and exert pro-oncogenic functions. AGR2 overexpression has recently been associated with a poor prognosis in digestive cancers. AGR2 is also involved in epithelial homeostasis. Its deletion in mice results in severe diffuse gut inflammation, whereas in inflammatory bowel diseases, the secretion of AGR2 in the extracellular milieu participates in the reshaping of the cellular microenvironment. AGR2 thus plays a key role in inflammation and oncogenesis and may represent a therapeutic target of interest. In this review, we summarize the already known roles and mechanisms of action of the AGR family proteins in digestive diseases, their expression in the healthy digestive tract, and in digestive oncology. At last, we discuss the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications underlying the biology of AGR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeric Boisteau
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Pontchaillou, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Posseme
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Federico Di Modugno
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Edeline
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | | | - Roman Hrstka
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Martisova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Xavier Treton
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. .,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | - Astrid Lièvre
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. .,Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Pontchaillou, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - Eric Ogier-Denis
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France. .,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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14
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Yang X, Yin H, Zhang D, Peng L, Li K, Cui F, Xia C, Li Z, Huang H. Bibliometric Analysis of Cathepsin B Research From 2011 to 2021. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:898455. [PMID: 35872750 PMCID: PMC9301081 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.898455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CTSB) is a lysosomal protease implicated in the progression of various diseases. A large number of CTSB-related studies have been conducted to date. However, there is no comprehensive bibliometric analysis on this subject. In our study, we performed quantitative analysis of CTSB-related publications retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) of the Web of Science Core Collection (reference period: 2011–2021). A total of 3,062 original articles and reviews were retrieved. The largest number of publications were from USA (n = 847, 27.66%). The research output of each country showed positive correlation with gross domestic product (GDP) (r = 0.9745, P < 0.0001). Active collaborations between countries/regions were also observed. Reinheckel T and Sloane BF were perhaps the most impactful researchers in the research landscape of CTSB. Plos ONE was the most prevalent (119/3,062, 3.89%) and cited journal (3,021 citations). Comprehensive analysis of the top citations, co-citations, and keywords was performed to acquire the theoretical basis and hotspots of CTSB-related research. The main topics included CTSB-related cancers and inflammatory diseases, CTSB-associated cell death pattern, and the applications of CTSB. These results provide comprehensive insights into the current status of global CTSB-related research especially in pancreas, which is worthy of continued follow-up by practitioners and clinicians in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisi Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keliang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanchao Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoshen Li
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Haojie Huang
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15
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Investigation of the Antitumor Effects of Tamoxifen and Its Ferrocene-Linked Derivatives on Pancreatic and Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030314. [PMID: 35337112 PMCID: PMC8950591 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is a long-known anti-tumor drug, which is the gold standard therapy in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer patients. According to previous studies, the conjugation of the original tamoxifen molecule with different functional groups can significantly improve its antitumor effect. The purpose of this research was to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity of different ferrocene-linked tamoxifen derivates. Tamoxifen and its ferrocene-linked derivatives, T5 and T15 were tested in PANC1, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231 cells, where the incorporation of the ferrocene group improved the cytotoxicity on all cell lines. PANC1, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231 express ERα and GPER1 (G-protein coupled ER 1). However, ERβ is only expressed by MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Tamoxifen is a known agonist of GPER1, a receptor that can promote tumor progression. Analysis of the protein expression profile showed that while being cytotoxic, tamoxifen elevated the levels of different tumor growth-promoting factors (e.g., Bcl-XL, Survivin, EGFR, Cathepsins, chemokines). On the other hand, the ferrocene-linked derivates were able to lower these proteins. Further analysis showed that the ferrocene-linked derivatives significantly elevated the cellular oxidative stress compared to tamoxifen treatment. In conclusion, we were able to find two molecules possessing better cytotoxicity compared to their unmodified parent molecule while also being able to counter the negative effects of the presence of the GPER1 through the ER-independent mechanism of oxidative stress induction.
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16
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Shafabakhsh R, Arianfar F, Vosough M, Mirzaei HR, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Khanbabaei H, Kowsari H, Shojaie L, Azar MEF, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Autophagy and gastrointestinal cancers: the behind the scenes role of long non-coding RNAs in initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1229-1255. [PMID: 33432087 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of complex disorders that affect different organs, including esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. Recently, an explosion in nucleic acid-based technologies has led to the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been found to possess unique regulatory functions. This class of RNAs is >200 nucleotides in length, and is characterized by their lack of protein coding. LncRNAs exert regulatory effects in GI cancer development by affecting different functions such as the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, apoptosis, glycolysis and angiogenesis. Over the past few decades, considerable evidence has revealed the important role of autophagy in both GI cancer progression and suppression. In addition, recent studies have confirmed a significant correlation between lncRNAs and the regulation of autophagy. In this review, we summarize how lncRNAs play a behind the scenes role in the pathogenesis of GI cancers through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Arianfar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamed Kowsari
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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17
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Jach D, Cheng Y, Prica F, Dumartin L, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T. From development to cancer - an ever-increasing role of AGR2. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5249-5262. [PMID: 34873459 PMCID: PMC8640830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior gradient 2, AGR2, is a small, 20 kDa protein that plays a vital role in oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. AGR2 is involved in several signal transduction pathways that are essential for cell survival. It was initially discovered in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, where it plays an important function in embryonic development. Akin to several other developmental genes, it is also frequently deregulated in cancer, where it plays a decisive role in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. In this review, we have summarized currently known AGR2 functions, its expression and function in embryonic and cancer development, as well as its potential as a candidate tumor biomarker and promising new target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Jach
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Yuzhu Cheng
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Filip Prica
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, Basic and Translational Research, Department of Cardiology Basic and Translational ResearchMunich, Germany
| | - Laurent Dumartin
- Advanced Accelerator Applications, Novartis CompanyBoulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
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18
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Liu J, Shao J, Zhang C, Qin G, Liu J, Li M, Wu P, Zhao X, Zhang Y. Immuno-oncological role of 20S proteasome alpha-subunit 3 in aggravating the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:338-351. [PMID: 34755333 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PSMA3, a member of the proteasome subunit, has been shown to play a major player in protein degradation. Reportedly, PSMA3 functions as a negative regulator in various cancers including colon, pancreatic and gastric cancers. However, the contributions of PSMA3 to the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether PSMA3 is involved in ESCC progression and the potential underlying mechanism. The results revealed that PSMA3 was highly expressed in the ESCC tumor tissues and functioned as a negative indicator according to the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)/Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and clinical patients' samples. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that PSMA3 was closely correlated with ESCC cancer stemness and the inflammatory response; however, this correlation was absent after knockdown of PSMA3 in vitro. We further demonstrated that PSMA3 suppressed CD8+ T-cells infiltration depending on the C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3)/C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) axis. Collectively, these results demonstrate the role of PSMA3 in ESCC cancer stemness and the negative regulation of CD8 T-cells infiltration mediated by PSMA3. The results of this study may provide a potential target for the immuno-oncology effect of PSMA3 in ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Shao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
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19
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Mao L, Chen J, Lu X, Yang C, Ding Y, Wang M, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Li X, Fu Y, Yang Y, Gu Y, Gao F, Huang J, Liao L. Proteomic analysis of lung cancer cells reveals a critical role of BCAT1 in cancer cell metastasis. Theranostics 2021; 11:9705-9720. [PMID: 34646394 PMCID: PMC8490523 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of high mortality in lung cancer. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of metastasis thus holds promise for identifying new therapeutic strategies that may enhance survival. Methods: We applied quantitative mass spectrometry to compare protein expression profiles between primary and metastatic lung cancer cells whilst investigating metastasis-related molecular features. Results: We discovered that BCAT1, the key enzyme in branched-chain amino acid metabolism, is overexpressed at the protein level in metastatic lung cancer cells, as well as in metastatic tissues from lung cancer patients. Analysis of transcriptomic data available in the TCGA database revealed that increased BCAT1 transcription is associated with poor overall survival of lung cancer patients. In accord with a critical role in metastasis, shRNA-mediated knockdown of BCAT1 expression reduced migration of metastatic cells in vitro and the metastasis of these cells to distal organs in nude mice. Mechanistically, high levels of BCAT1 depleted α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and promoted expression of SOX2, a transcription factor regulating cancer cell stemness and metastasis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BCAT1 plays an important role in promoting lung cancer cell metastasis, and may define a novel pathway to target as an anti-metastatic therapy.
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Extracellular AGR2 activates neighboring fibroblasts through endocytosis and direct binding to β-catenin that requires AGR2 dimerization and adhesion domains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 573:86-92. [PMID: 34399098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is often overexpressed in several types of cancer. AGR2 is cytoplasmic or secreted as an extracellular signal. Intracellular AGR2 properties and role in cancer have been well studied, but its extracellular function is largely unclear. It has been shown that extracellular AGR2 activates endothelial cells and fibroblasts in culture, but the mechanism of AGR2 signaling is not well elucidated. Here, we report that tumor secreted or externally added AGR2 translocates into cytoplasm by endocytosis, binds to β-catenin and further co-translocates to the nucleus in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Externally added AGR2 also increased β-catenin expression, stability, and accumulation in the nucleus in both fibroblasts and cancer cells. External AGR2 rescued the expression of β-catenin, which was suppressed by EGFR inhibitor AG1478 indicating an alternative pathway to regulate β-catenin independent of EGFR signal. These effects were abolished when a monoclonal antibody against AGR2 was added to the experiments, confirming the effects are caused by AGR2 only. Putting together, our results show that extracellular AGR2 signaling pathway involves endocytosis mediated cellular translocation, direct binding and regulating β-catenin nuclear accumulation. It is also a target against tumor initiated AGR2 signaling to form and maintain tumor microenvironment.
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21
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Candido JB, Maiques O, Boxberg M, Kast V, Peerani E, Tomás-Bort E, Weichert W, Sananes A, Papo N, Magdolen V, Sanz-Moreno V, Loessner D. Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6 Is Associated with the Tumour Microenvironment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163969. [PMID: 34439122 PMCID: PMC8392253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Kallikrein-related peptidases have tumour-biological roles and are dysregulated in many cancers. Only a few studies have reported their upregulation in pancreatic cancer and linked them to poor prognosis. By interrogating publicly available and our own datasets, we studied their expression in patient-derived tissues and pancreatic cancer cells. We found several kallikrein-related peptidases that were upregulated, in particular kallikrein-related peptidase 6 at the forefront of the tumour area. We then tested the effect of a kallikrein-related peptidase 6 inhibitor on cancer cell functions. Because the majority of patients present with inoperable disease, a targeted therapeutic intervention may have a positive impact on the survival of this patient population. Abstract As cancer-associated factors, kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are components of the tumour microenvironment, which represents a rich substrate repertoire, and considered attractive targets for the development of novel treatments. Standard-of-care therapy of pancreatic cancer shows unsatisfactory results, indicating the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. We aimed to investigate the expression of KLKs in pancreatic cancer and to inhibit the function of KLK6 in pancreatic cancer cells. KLK6, KLK7, KLK8, KLK10 and KLK11 were coexpressed and upregulated in tissues from pancreatic cancer patients compared to normal pancreas. Their high expression levels correlated with each other and were linked to shorter survival compared to low KLK levels. We then validated KLK6 mRNA and protein expression in patient-derived tissues and pancreatic cancer cells. Coexpression of KLK6 with KRT19, αSMA or CD68 was independent of tumour stage, while KLK6 was coexpressed with KRT19 and CD68 in the invasive tumour area. High KLK6 levels in tumour and CD68+ cells were linked to shorter survival. KLK6 inhibition reduced KLK6 mRNA expression, cell metabolic activity and KLK6 secretion and increased the secretion of other serine and aspartic lysosomal proteases. The association of high KLK levels and poor prognosis suggests that inhibiting KLKs may be a therapeutic strategy for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana B. Candido
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Melanie Boxberg
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81657 Munich, Germany; (M.B.); (W.W.)
| | - Verena Kast
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Hohe Straβe 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Eleonora Peerani
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Elena Tomás-Bort
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81657 Munich, Germany; (M.B.); (W.W.)
| | - Amiram Sananes
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Niv Papo
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (J.B.C.); (O.M.); (E.P.); (E.T.-B.); (V.S.-M.)
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Hohe Straβe 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
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22
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O'Neill RS, Stoita A. Biomarkers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: Are we closer to finding the golden ticket? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4045-4087. [PMID: 34326612 PMCID: PMC8311531 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality on a global scale. The disease itself is associated with a dismal prognosis, partly due to its silent nature resulting in patients presenting with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. To combat this, there has been an explosion in the last decade of potential candidate biomarkers in the research setting in the hope that a diagnostic biomarker may provide a glimmer of hope in what is otherwise quite a substantial clinical dilemma. Currently, serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is utilized in the diagnostic work-up of patients diagnosed with PC however this biomarker lacks the sensitivity and specificity associated with a gold-standard marker. In the search for a biomarker that is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of PC, there has been a paradigm shift towards a focus on liquid biopsy and the use of diagnostic panels which has subsequently proved to have efficacy in the diagnosis of PC. Currently, promising developments in the field of early detection on PC using diagnostic biomarkers include the detection of microRNA (miRNA) in serum and circulating tumour cells. Both these modalities, although in their infancy and yet to be widely accepted into routine clinical practice, possess merit in the early detection of PC. We reviewed over 300 biomarkers with the aim to provide an in-depth summary of the current state-of-play regarding diagnostic biomarkers in PC (serum, urinary, salivary, faecal, pancreatic juice and biliary fluid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S O'Neill
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Alina Stoita
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
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23
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Kereh DS, Pieter J, Hamdani W, Haryasena H, Sampepajung D, Prihantono P. Correlation of AGR2 expression with the incidence of metastasis in luminal breast cancer. Breast Dis 2021; 40:S103-S107. [PMID: 34092584 DOI: 10.3233/bd-219015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AGR2 expression is associated with luminal breast cancer. Overexpression of AGR2 is a predictor of poor prognosis. Several studies have found correlations between AGR2 in disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in breast cancer patients. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the correlation between anterior Gradient2 (AGR2) expression with the incidence of distant metastases in luminal breast cancer. METHODS This study was an observational study using a cross-sectional method and was conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and the network. ELISA methods examine AGR2 expression from blood serum of breast cancer patients. To compare the AGR2 expression in metastatic patients and the non-metastatic patient was tested with Mann Whitney test. The correlation of AGR2 expression and metastasis was tested with the Rank Spearman test. RESULTS The mean value of AGR2 antibody expression on ELISA in this study was 2.90 ± 1.82 ng/dl, and its cut-off point was 2.1 ng/dl. Based on this cut-off point value, 14 subjects (66.7%) had overexpression of AGR2 serum ELISA, and 7 subjects (33.3%) had not. The mean value AGR2 was significantly higher in metastatic than not metastatic, 3.77 versus 1.76 (p < 0.01). The Spearman rank test obtained a p-value for the 2 tail test of 0.003 (p < 0.05), which showed a significant correlation of both, while the correlation coefficient of 0.612 showed a strong positive correlation of AGR2 overexpression and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS AGR2 expression is correlated with metastasis in Luminal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Samuel Kereh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - John Pieter
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - William Hamdani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Haryasena Haryasena
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Daniel Sampepajung
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Prihantono Prihantono
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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24
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Anterior Gradient Protein 2 Promotes Mucosal Repair in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6483860. [PMID: 34055987 PMCID: PMC8149229 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6483860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal healing comprises a key goal of ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment. Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis in UC. However, the role of AGR2 in the repair of mucosal injury is not yet clear. This study is aimed at investigating the expression of AGR2 in the intestinal tissues of children with UC and its role in repairing mucosal injury. Forty UC patients who were hospitalized in the Pediatric Gastroenterology Ward of Shengjing Hospital affiliated with China Medical University between July 1, 2013, and May 31, 2020, and 20 children who had normal colonoscopy results during the same period (control group) made up the study sample. The disease activity of UC was evaluated based on the pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index, and the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index was evaluated according to the Rachmilewitz score. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to examine the differences in AGR2 expression in the intestinal mucosa between groups. The protective effect of AGR2 in a model of tumor necrosis factor-alpha- (TNF-α-) induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury and the underlying molecular mechanism were explored through in vitro experiments. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, UC patients in the remission or active period had significantly higher expression of AGR2 in the intestine. AGR2 expression was positively correlated with Ki67, an intestinal epithelial cell proliferation marker, but negatively correlated with the degree of endoscopic mucosal injury. In an in vitro model, AGR2 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration and inhibited TNF-α-induced intestinal epithelial barrier damage by activating yes-associated protein (YAP). Collectively, our study suggests that AGR2 might serve as a valuable biomarker to help assess the condition and mucosal healing status of UC patients. In vitro, AGR2 promoted the repair of intestinal mucosal barrier injury by activating YAP.
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25
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Zhang Z, Yue P, Lu T, Wang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. Role of lysosomes in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:79. [PMID: 33990205 PMCID: PMC8120021 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long known as digestive organelles, lysosomes have now emerged as multifaceted centers responsible for degradation, nutrient sensing, and immunity. Growing evidence also implicates role of lysosome-related mechanisms in pathologic process. In this review, we discuss physiological function of lysosomes and, more importantly, how the homeostasis of lysosomes is disrupted in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors. In atherosclerosis and Gaucher disease, dysfunction of lysosomes changes cytokine secretion from macrophages, partially through inflammasome activation. In neurodegenerative diseases, defect autophagy facilitates accumulation of toxic protein and dysfunctional organelles leading to neuron death. Lysosomal dysfunction has been demonstrated in pathology of pancreatitis. Abnormal autophagy activation or inhibition has been revealed in autoimmune disorders. In tumor microenvironment, malignant phenotypes, including tumorigenesis, growth regulation, invasion, drug resistance, and radiotherapy resistance, of tumor cells and behaviors of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and T cells are also mediated by lysosomes. Based on these findings, a series of therapeutic methods targeting lysosomal proteins and processes have been developed from bench to bedside. In a word, present researches corroborate lysosomes to be pivotal organelles for understanding pathology of atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, and lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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26
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Benchmark of site- and structure-specific quantitative tissue N-glycoproteomics for discovery of potential N-glycoprotein markers: a case study of pancreatic cancer. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:213-231. [PMID: 33835347 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive tract that is difficult to diagnose and treat. It is more common in developed countries and has become one of the main causes of death in some countries and regions. Currently, pancreatic cancer generally has a poor prognosis, partly due to the lack of symptoms in the early stages of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, most cases are diagnosed at advanced stage. With the continuous in-depth research of glycoproteomics in precision medical diagnosis, there have been some reports on quantitative analysis of cancer-related cells, plasma or tissues to find specific biomarkers for targeted therapy. This research is based on the developed complete N-linked glycopeptide database search engine GPSeeker, combined with liquid-mass spectrometry and stable diethyl isotope labeling, providing a benchmark of site- and structure-specific quantitative tissue N-glycoproteomics for discovery of potential N-glycoprotein markers. With spectrum-level FDR ≤1%, 20,038 intact N-Glycopeptides corresponding to 4518 peptide backbones, 228 N-glycan monosaccharide compositions 1026 N-glycan putative structures, 4460 N-glycosites and 3437 intact N-glycoproteins were identified. With the criteria of ≥1.5-fold change and p value<0.05, 52 differentially expressed intact N-glycopeptides (DEGPs) were found in pancreatic cancer tussues relative to control, where 38 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated, respectively.
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27
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Chen X, Li Y, Yao T, Jia R. Benefits of Zebrafish Xenograft Models in Cancer Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616551. [PMID: 33644052 PMCID: PMC7905065 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising in vivo tool for cancer research, zebrafish have been widely applied in various tumor studies. The zebrafish xenograft model is a low-cost, high-throughput tool for cancer research that can be established quickly and requires only a small sample size, which makes it favorite among researchers. Zebrafish patient-derived xenograft (zPDX) models provide promising evidence for short-term clinical treatment. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and advantages of zebrafish, such as their transparent and translucent features, the use of vascular fluorescence imaging, the establishment of metastatic and intracranial orthotopic models, individual pharmacokinetics measurements, and tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we introduce how these characteristics and advantages are applied other in tumor studies. Finally, we discuss the future direction of the use of zebrafish in tumor studies and provide new ideas for the application of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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28
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Lee E, Lee DH. Anterior gradient 2 is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of β-dystroglycan. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:19-27. [PMID: 33717413 PMCID: PMC7935118 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1871405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is a protein disulfide isomerase over-expressed in numerous types of cancer. Although AGR2 plays a role in ER homeostasis, its function(s) in tumorigenesis is still elusive. Here we demonstrate that AGR2 is involved in the regulation of the β-subunit of dystroglycan (β-DG), a component of the multi-protein complex linking the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal network. In breast cancer cells, AGR2 over-expression led to the up-regulation of β-DG but not that of α-DG, while the transcript levels of these subunits were unchanged. Conversely, the reduced expression of AGR2 caused the down-regulation of β-DG. Interestingly, induced expression of AGR2 increased the degree of co-localization of AGR2 and β-DG in the cytoplasm suggesting that AGR2 facilitates the trafficking of β-DG. In addition, AGR2 over-expression caused the re-arrangement of the actin cytoskeletal network. Presumably over-expressed AGR2 up-regulates β-DG post-transcriptionally and facilitates its trafficking, which then causes re-arrangement of the cytoskeletal network, which plays a role in the adhesion and invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hee Lee
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Effects of ER-resident and secreted AGR2 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:33. [PMID: 33413231 PMCID: PMC7791724 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) is a proto-oncogene involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. AGR2, predominantly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is also a secreted protein detected in the extracellular compartment in multiple cancers. However, the biological functions of intracellular and extracellular AGR2 remain to be elucidated. Methods Based on the biochemical structure of AGR2 protein, PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells stably expressing ER-resident or secreted AGR2 were generated by a lentivirus-mediated stable overexpression system. The capacities of cell proliferation, migration, invasion and survival were assessed in PANC-1 stable cells. Moreover, EGFR expression and activation were determined to explore the possible mechanism of AGR2 roles in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis. Results It was discovered that secreted AGR2, but not ER-resident AGR2, promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells. Moreover, the data indicated that both the ER-resident and the secreted AGR2 enhance the survival capacity of PANC-1 cells after tunicamycin-induced ER stress and gemcitabine treatment. However, EGFR expression and activation were not found to be involved in AGR2-dependent oncogenic phenotypes in PANC-1 cells. Conclusions Secreted AGR2 is predominantly involved in cell proliferation, migration and invasion in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Both secreted and ER-resident AGR2 contribute to the survival of PANC-1 cells under the challenging conditions. These findings provide insight into how different localizations of AGR2 have contributed to pancreatic cancer growth, metastasis, and drug sensitivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07743-y.
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Huang L, Bockorny B, Paul I, Akshinthala D, Frappart PO, Gandarilla O, Bose A, Sanchez-Gonzalez V, Rouse EE, Lehoux SD, Pandell N, Lim CM, Clohessy JG, Grossman J, Gonzalez R, Del Pino SP, Daaboul G, Sawhney MS, Freedman SD, Kleger A, Cummings RD, Emili A, Muthuswamy LB, Hidalgo M, Muthuswamy SK. PDX-derived organoids model in vivo drug response and secrete biomarkers. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135544. [PMID: 32990680 PMCID: PMC7710298 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived organoid models are proving to be a powerful platform for both basic and translational studies. Here we conduct a methodical analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor organoid drug response in paired patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and PDX-derived organoid (PXO) models grown under WNT-free culture conditions. We report a specific relationship between area under the curve value of organoid drug dose response and in vivo tumor growth, irrespective of the drug treatment. In addition, we analyzed the glycome of PDX and PXO models and demonstrate that PXOs recapitulate the in vivo glycan landscape. In addition, we identify a core set of 57 N-glycans detected in all 10 models that represent 50%-94% of the relative abundance of all N-glycans detected in each of the models. Last, we developed a secreted biomarker discovery pipeline using media supernatant of organoid cultures and identified potentially new extracellular vesicle (EV) protein markers. We validated our findings using plasma samples from patients with PDAC, benign gastrointestinal diseases, and chronic pancreatitis and discovered that 4 EV proteins are potential circulating biomarkers for PDAC. Thus, we demonstrate the utility of organoid cultures to not only model in vivo drug responses but also serve as a powerful platform for discovering clinically actionable serologic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruno Bockorny
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Indranil Paul
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dipikaa Akshinthala
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Omar Gandarilla
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arindam Bose
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nicole Pandell
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine M. Lim
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John G. Clohessy
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Grossman
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sofia Perea Del Pino
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mandeep S. Sawhney
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven D. Freedman
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Andrew Emili
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lakshmi B. Muthuswamy
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Senthil K. Muthuswamy
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Khatri I, Bhasin MK. A Transcriptomics-Based Meta-Analysis Combined With Machine Learning Identifies a Secretory Biomarker Panel for Diagnosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:572284. [PMID: 33133160 PMCID: PMC7511758 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.572284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is generally incurable due to the late diagnosis and absence of markers that are concordant with expression in several sample sources (i.e., tissue, blood, plasma) and platforms (i.e., Microarray, sequencing). We optimized meta-analysis of 19 PDAC (tissue and blood) transcriptome studies from multiple platforms. The key biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis with secretory potential were identified and validated in different cohorts. Machine learning approach i.e., support vector machine supported by leave-one-out cross-validation was used to build and test the classifier. We identified a 9-gene panel (IFI27, ITGB5, CTSD, EFNA4, GGH, PLBD1, HTATIP2, IL1R2, CTSA) that achieved ∼0.92 average sensitivity and ∼0.90 average specificity in distinguishing PDAC from healthy samples in five training sets using cross-validation. These markers were also validated in proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics studies suggesting their prognostic role in the diagnosis of PDAC. Our 9-gene classifier can not only clearly discriminate between better and poor survivors but can also precisely discriminate PDAC from chronic pancreatitis (AUC = 0.95), early stages of progression [Stage I and II (AUC = 0.82), IPMA and IPMN (AUC = 1), and IPMC (AUC = 0.81)]. The 9-gene marker outperformed the previously known markers in blood studies particularly (AUC = 0.84). The discrimination of PDAC from early precursor lesions in non-malignant tissue (AUC > 0.81) and peripheral blood (AUC > 0.80) may assist in an early diagnosis of PDAC in blood samples and thus will also facilitate risk stratification upon validation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Khatri
- Division of IMBIO, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Immunology and Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manoj K Bhasin
- Division of IMBIO, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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32
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Zheng W, Chen Q, Wang C, Yao D, Zhu L, Pan Y, Zhang J, Bai Y, Shao C. Inhibition of Cathepsin D (CTSD) enhances radiosensitivity of glioblastoma cells by attenuating autophagy. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:651-660. [PMID: 32253787 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is a commonly used treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) but radiotherapy often fails to achieve the expected results mainly due to tumor radioresistance. In this study, we established a radioresistant subline from human glioma cell line U251 and found that Cathepsin D (CTSD), a gene closely related to the clinical malignancy and prognosis in glioma, had higher expression level in radioresistant clones than that in parental cells, and knocking down CTSD by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or its inhibitor Pepstatin-A increased the radiosensitivity. The level of autophagy was enhanced in the radioresistant GBM cells compared with its parent cells, and silencing autophagy by light chain 3 (LC3) siRNA significantly sensitized GBM cells to ionizing radiation (IR). Moreover, the protein expression level of CTSD was positively correlated with the autophagy marker LC3 II/I and negatively correlated with P62 after IR in radioresistant cells. As expected, through the combination of Western blot and immunofluorescence assays, inhibition of CTSD increased the formation of autophagosomes, while decreased the formation of autolysosomes, which indicating an attenuated autophagy level, leading to radiosensitization ultimately. Our results revealed for the first time that CTSD regulated the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma by affecting the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. In significance, CTSD might be a potential molecular biomarker and a new therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianping Chen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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33
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Roche S, O’Neill F, Murphy J, Swan N, Meiller J, Conlon NT, Geoghegan J, Conlon K, McDermott R, Rahman R, Toomey S, Straubinger NL, Straubinger RM, O’Connor R, McVey G, Moriarty M, Clynes M. Establishment and Characterisation by Expression Microarray of Patient-Derived Xenograft Panel of Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030962. [PMID: 32024004 PMCID: PMC7037178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains among the most lethal cancers worldwide, with poor early detection rates and poor survival rates. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have increasingly been used in preclinical and clinical research of solid cancers to fulfil unmet need. Fresh tumour samples from human pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients were implanted in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Samples from 78% of treatment-naïve pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients grew as PDX tumours and were confirmed by histopathology. Frozen samples from F1 PDX tumours could be later successfully passaged in SCID mice to F2 PDX tumours. The human origin of the PDX was confirmed using human-specific antibodies; however, the stromal component was replaced by murine cells. Cell lines were successfully developed from three PDX tumours. RNA was extracted from eight PDX tumours and where possible, corresponding primary tumour (T) and adjacent normal tissues (N). mRNA profiles of tumour vs. F1 PDX and normal vs. tumour were compared by Affymetrix microarray analysis. Differential gene expression showed over 5000 genes changed across the N vs. T and T vs. PDX samples. Gene ontology analysis of a subset of genes demonstrated genes upregulated in normal vs. tumour vs. PDX were linked with cell cycle, cycles cell process and mitotic cell cycle. Amongst the mRNA candidates elevated in the PDX and tumour vs. normal were SERPINB5, FERMT1, AGR2, SLC6A14 and TOP2A. These genes have been associated with growth, proliferation, invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer previously. Cumulatively, this demonstrates the applicability of PDX models and transcriptomic array to identify genes associated with growth and proliferation of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Roche
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Fiona O’Neill
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jean Murphy
- St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Niall Swan
- St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Justine Meiller
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Neil T. Conlon
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Kevin Conlon
- St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ray McDermott
- St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rozana Rahman
- St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sinead Toomey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ninfa L. Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Robert M. Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Robert O’Connor
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Gerard McVey
- St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
- St Luke’s Radiation Oncology Network, Dublin 6, Ireland
| | - Michael Moriarty
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- St Luke’s Radiation Oncology Network, Dublin 6, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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34
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Delom F, Mohtar MA, Hupp T, Fessart D. The anterior gradient-2 interactome. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C40-C47. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00532.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein belonging to the protein disulfide isomerase family that mediates the formation of disulfide bonds and assists the protein quality control in the ER. In addition to its role in proteostasis, extracellular AGR2 is responsible for various cellular effects in many types of cancer, including cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Various OMICs approaches have been used to identify AGR2 binding partners and to investigate the functions of AGR2 in the ER and outside the cell. Emerging data showed that AGR2 exists not only as monomer, but it can also form homodimeric structure and thus interact with different partners, yielding different biological outcomes. In this review, we summarize the AGR2 “interactome” and discuss the pathological and physiological role of such AGR2 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Delom
- University of Bordeaux, ACTION, Bordeaux, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bordeaux, France
- Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - M. Aiman Mohtar
- University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ted Hupp
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- University of Gdansk, International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Delphine Fessart
- University of Bordeaux, ACTION, Bordeaux, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bordeaux, France
- Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
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35
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Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to overcome anti-cancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 48:100663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Transcriptional Response of Ovine Lung to Infection with Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00876-19. [PMID: 31434729 PMCID: PMC6803282 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00876-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the etiologic agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), a neoplastic lung disease of sheep. OPA is an important economic and welfare issue for sheep farmers and a valuable naturally occurring animal model for human lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we used RNA sequencing to study the transcriptional response of ovine lung tissue to infection by JSRV. We identified 1,971 ovine genes differentially expressed in JSRV-infected lung compared to noninfected lung, including many genes with roles in carcinogenesis and immunomodulation. The differential expression of selected genes was confirmed using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. A key finding was the activation of anterior gradient 2, yes-associated protein 1, and amphiregulin in OPA tumor cells, indicating a role for this oncogenic pathway in OPA. In addition, there was differential expression of genes related to innate immunity, including genes encoding cytokines, chemokines, and complement system proteins. In contrast, there was little evidence for the upregulation of genes involved in T-cell immunity. Many genes related to macrophage function were also differentially expressed, reflecting the increased abundance of these cells in OPA-affected lung tissue. Comparison of the genes differentially regulated in OPA with the transcriptional changes occurring in human lung cancer revealed important similarities and differences between OPA and human lung adenocarcinoma. This study provides valuable new information on the pathogenesis of OPA and strengthens the use of this naturally occurring animal model for human lung adenocarcinoma.IMPORTANCE Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma is a chronic respiratory disease of sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). OPA is a significant economic problem for sheep farmers in many countries and is a valuable animal model for some forms of human lung cancer. Here, we examined the changes in host gene expression that occur in the lung in response to JSRV infection. We identified a large number of genes with altered expression in infected lung, including factors with roles in cancer and immune system function. We also compared the data from OPA to previously published data from human lung adenocarcinoma and found a large degree of overlap in the genes that were dysregulated. The results of this study provide exciting new avenues for future studies of OPA and may have comparative relevance for understanding human lung cancer.
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37
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Li J, Hu J, Luo Z, Zhou C, Huang L, Zhang H, Chi J, Chen Z, Li Q, Deng M, Chen J, Tao K, Wang G, Wang L, Wang Z. AGR2 is controlled by DNMT3a-centered signaling module and mediates tumor resistance to 5-Aza in colorectal cancer. Exp Cell Res 2019; 385:111644. [PMID: 31614132 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human anterior gradient-2 (AGR2), a member of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, is upregulated in various human cancers and reportedly has oncogenic activities. However, the functional roles of AGR2 and its regulation in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Here, we showed that AGR2 promoted CRC tumorigenesis and progression in vitro and in vivo and acted as an independent prognostic factor of poor outcome. AGR2 was negatively regulated by DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) through directly methylating AGR2 promoter and by a DNMT3a-SPRY2-miR-194 axis. Moreover, AGR2 mediated the resistance to 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) treatment. Knockdown of AGR2 improved the therapeutic effect of 5-Aza in human CRC xenograft tumor model. Thus, our work supports AGR2's oncogenic role in CRC, reveals DNMT3a-mediated epigenetic modulation on AGR2 promoter, and uncovers a new DNMT3a signaling module controlling expression of AGR2. Upregulated AGR2 offset 5-Aza mediated epigenetic therapy. This work might provide potential targets for clinical anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Caihong Zhou
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lifeng Huang
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiangyang Chi
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Meizhou Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junhua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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38
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Yuan K, Xie K, Lan T, Xu L, Chen X, Li X, Liao M, Li J, Huang J, Zeng Y, Wu H. TXNDC12 promotes EMT and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via activation of β-catenin. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1355-1368. [PMID: 31570854 PMCID: PMC7206186 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the main contributors to the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism of HCC metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that TXNDC12, a thioredoxin-like protein, was upregulated in highly metastatic HCC cell lines as well as in portal vein tumor thrombus and lung metastasis tissues of HCC patients. We found that the enforced expression of TXNDC12 promoted metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequent mechanistic investigations revealed that TXNDC12 promoted metastasis through upregulation of the ZEB1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. We subsequently showed that TXNDC12 overexpression stimulated the nuclear translocation and activation of β-catenin, a positive transcriptional regulator of ZEB1. Accordingly, we found that TXNDC12 interacted with β-catenin and that the thioredoxin-like domain of TXNDC12 was essential for the interaction between TXNDC12 and β-catenin as well as for TXNDC12-mediated β-catenin activation. Moreover, high levels of TXNDC12 in clinical HCC tissues correlated with elevated nuclear β-catenin levels and predicted worse overall and disease-free survival. In summary, our study demonstrated that TXNDC12 could activate β-catenin via protein-protein interaction and promote ZEB1-mediated EMT and HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunlin Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangzheng Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingheng Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiwei Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China. .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China. .,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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39
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Momeny M, Alishahi Z, Eyvani H, Esmaeili F, Zaghal A, Ghaffari P, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. Anti-tumor activity of cediranib, a pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 43:81-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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40
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Liu C, Wang JO, Zhou WY, Chang XY, Zhang MM, Zhang Y, Yang XH. Long non-coding RNA LINC01207 silencing suppresses AGR2 expression to facilitate autophagy and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by sponging miR-143-5p. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 493:110424. [PMID: 30991076 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a serious malignancy accompanied by a well-documented poor prognosis. Accumulating studies have indicated the crucial roles played by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of cancer cells. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of lncRNA LINC01207 in autophagy and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells and its regulatory mechanism interacting with miR-143-5p. Initially, expression profiles of lncRNAs and genes associated with pancreatic cancer were identified. The expression patterns of LINC01207, miR-143-5p and AGR2 in both pancreatic cancer and adjacent tissues were then determined. The binding relationship of LINC01207 to miR-143-5p and targeting relationship of miR-143-5p to AGR2 were subsequently verified. Silencing of LINC01207, or up-regulation or down-regulation of miR-143-5p was introduced into the pancreatic cancer cells, so as to analyze their effects on the cell growth, apoptosis and autophagy. Besides, these regulatory effects were further explored with the determination of the autophagy- and apoptosis-related gene or proteins. LINC01207 and AGR2 were highly expressed while miR-143-5p was poorly expressed in pancreatic cancer. Functionally, LINC01207 can bind to miR-143-5p, and AGR2 was a target gene of miR-143-5p. Importantly, silencing of LINC01207 down-regulated the expression of AGR2 by up-regulating miR-143-5p. Moreover, silencing of LINC01207 and up-regulation of miR-143-5p promoted cell apoptosis and autophagy, corresponding to increased expression of autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins, in addition to inhibited cell growth. Taken together, silencing of LINC01207 prevents the progression of pancreatic cancer by impairing miR-143-5p-targeted AGR2 expression, providing a potential target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Jin-Ou Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Wen-Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Xiang-Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.
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41
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AGR2, a unique tumor-associated antigen, is a promising candidate for antibody targeting. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4276-4289. [PMID: 31303962 PMCID: PMC6611513 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2), a protein disulfide isomerase, shows two subcellular localizations: intracellular (iAGR2) and extracellular (eAGR2). In healthy cells that express AGR2, the predominant form is iAGR2, which resides in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, cancer cells secrete and express eAGR2 on the cell surface. We wanted to test if AGR2 is a cancer-specific tumor-associated antigen. We utilized two AGR2 antibodies, P3A5 and P1G4, for in vivo tumor localization and tumor growth inhibition. The monoclonal antibodies recognized both human AGR2 and mouse Agr2. Biodistribution experiments using a syngeneic mouse model showed high uptake of P3A5 AGR2 antibody in xenografted eAgr2+ pancreatic tumors, with limited uptake in normal tissues. In implanted human patient-derived eAGR2+ pancreatic cancer xenografts, tumor growth inhibition was evaluated with antibodies and Gemcitabine (Gem). Inhibition was more potent by P1G4 + Gem combination than Gem alone or P3A5 + Gem. We converted these two antibodies to human:mouse chimeric forms: the constructed P3A5 and P1G4 chimeric mVLhCκ and mVHhCγ (γ1, γ2, γ4) genes were inserted in a single mammalian expression plasmid vector, and transfected into human 293F cells. Expressed human:mouse chimeric IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies retained AGR2 binding. Increase in IgG yield by transfected cells could be obtained with serial transfection of vectors with different drug resistance. These chimeric antibodies, when incubated with human blood, effectively lysed eAGR2+ PC3 prostate cancer cells. We have, thus, produced humanized anti-AGR2 antibodies that, after further testing, might be suitable for treatment against a variety of eAGR2+ solid tumors.
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Alsereihi R, Schulten HJ, Bakhashab S, Saini K, Al-Hejin AM, Hussein D. Leveraging the Role of the Metastatic Associated Protein Anterior Gradient Homologue 2 in Unfolded Protein Degradation: A Novel Therapeutic Biomarker for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070890. [PMID: 31247903 PMCID: PMC6678570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers can help in tracking disease progress, predict patients’ survival, and considerably affect the drive for successful clinical management. The present review aims to determine how the metastatic-linked protein anterior gradient homologue 2 (AGR2) operates to affect cancer progression, and to identify associated potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers, particularly in central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Studies that show a high expression level of AGR2, and associate the protein expression with the resilience to chemotherapeutic treatments or with poor cancer survival, are reported. The primary protein structures of the seven variants of AGR2, including their functional domains, are summarized. Based on experiments in various biological models, this review shows an orchestra of multiple molecules that regulate AGR2 expression, including a feedback loop with p53. The AGR2-associated molecular functions and pathways including genomic integrity, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, adhesion, migration, stemness, and inflammation, are detailed. In addition, the mechanisms that can enable the rampant oncogenic effects of AGR2 are clarified. The different strategies used to therapeutically target AGR2-positive cancer cells are evaluated in light of the current evidence. Moreover, novel associated pathways and clinically relevant deregulated genes in AGR2 high CNS tumors are identified using a meta-analysis approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alsereihi
- Neurooncology Translational Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kulvinder Saini
- School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib-173101, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Ahmed M Al-Hejin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Microbiology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Deema Hussein
- Neurooncology Translational Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Ahn KS, O'Brien D, Kang YN, Mounajjed T, Kim YH, Kim TS, Kocher JPA, Allotey LK, Borad MJ, Roberts LR, Kang KJ. Prognostic subclass of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by integrative molecular-clinical analysis and potential targeted approach. Hepatol Int 2019; 13:490-500. [PMID: 31214875 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-09954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although molecular characterization of iCCA has been studied recently, integrative analysis of molecular and clinical characterization has not been fully established. If molecular features of iCCA can be predicted based on clinical findings, we can approach to distinguish targeted treatment. We analyzed RNA sequencing data annotated with clinicopathologic data to clarify molecular-specific clinical features and to evaluate potential therapies for molecular subtypes. METHODS We performed next-generation RNA sequencing of 30 surgically resected iCCA from Korean patients and the clinicopathologic features were analyzed. The RNA sequences from 32 iCCA resected from US patients were used for validation. RESULTS Patients were grouped into two subclasses on the basis of unsupervised clustering, which showed a difference in 5-year survival rates (48.5% vs 14.2%, p = 0.007) and similar survival outcome in the US samples. In subclass B (poor prognosis), both data sets were similar in higher carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 19-9 levels, underlying cholangitis, and bile duct-type pathology; in subclass A (better prognosis), there was more frequent viral hepatitis and cholangiolar-type pathology. On pathway analysis, subclass A had enriched liver-related signatures. Subclass B had enriched inflammation-related and TP53 pathways, with more frequent KRAS mutations. CCA cell lines with similar gene expression patterns of subclass A were sensitive to gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS Two molecular subtypes of iCCA with distinct clinicopathological differences were identified. Knowledge of clinical and pathologic characteristics can predict molecular subtypes, and knowledge of different subtype signaling pathways may lead to more rational, targeted approaches to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Soo Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 56 Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 700-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel O'Brien
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yu Na Kang
- Department of Pathology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, Jung-gu, 42601, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Taofic Mounajjed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yong Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 56 Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 700-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Seok Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 56 Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 700-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean-Pierre A Kocher
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Loretta K Allotey
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Koo Jeong Kang
- Department of Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 56 Dalseong-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 700-712, Republic of Korea.
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Jung SY, Yun J, Kim SJ, Kang S, Kim DY, Kim YJ, Park JH, Jang WB, Ji ST, Ha JS, Hong Van LT, Truong Giang LT, Rethineswaran VK, Kim DH, Song P, Kwon SM. Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Twist1 is a novel regulator of anterior gradient protein 2 homolog (AGR2) in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:149-156. [PMID: 31202462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog (AGR2) belongs to the disulfide isomerase family of endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Itis overexpressed in several types of solid tumors, including tumors of the prostate, lung, and pancreas. However, the role of AGR2 in breast cancer and the regulatory mechanisms underlying AGR2 protein expressionare not fullyunderstood. We demonstrated that AGR2 levels are increased under hypoxic conditions and in breast cancer tumors. Mechanistically, Twist1 binds to, and activates the AGR2 promoter via an E-box sequence. Under hypoxic conditions, the increased expression of ARG2 is attenuated when Twist1 levels are reduced by shRNA. Conversely, Twist1 overexpression fully reverses decreased AGR2 levels upon HIF-1α knockdown. Notably, AGR2 is required for Twist1-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Collectively, these findings extend our understanding of AGR2 regulation in breast cancer and may contribute to development of Twist1-AGR2 targeting therapeutics for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Yun Jung
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Bi Jang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Ha
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Thi Hong Van
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ly Thanh Truong Giang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinoth Kumar Rethineswaran
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Parkyong Song
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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Anterior Gradient-2 monoclonal antibody inhibits lung cancer growth and metastasis by upregulating p53 pathway and without exerting any toxicological effects: A preclinical study. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:125-134. [PMID: 30685412 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Increased drug resistance and acute side effects on normal organs are the major disadvantages of traditional cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This has increased the focus on targeted therapeutic strategies such as monoclonal antibody-based cancer therapies. The major advantage of antibody-based therapies is the specific inhibition of cancer-related targets, with reduced off-target side effects. Anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) is a prometastatic and proangiogenic tumor marker that is overexpressed in multiple cancers. Therefore, anti-AGR2 antibodies may be potential therapeutic agents for treating different cancers. In the present study, we examined a novel anti-AGR2 monoclonal antibody mAb18A4 and found that this antibody inhibited lung cancer progression and metastasis without exerting any adverse side effects on the major organs and blood in mice. Moreover, we found that mAb18A4 activated p53 pathway and attenuated ERK1/2-MAPK pathway. Furthermore, mAb18A4-treated cancer cell lines showed attenuated proliferation and colony formation, enhanced apoptosis, increased p53 expression, and reduced phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression. Treatment with mAb18A4 significantly reduced tumor size and suppressed tumor metastasis in and increased the survival of different xenograft tumor models. In addition, mAb18A4 potently suppressed AGR2-induced angiogenesis. Results of pharmacokinetic and toxicological analyses confirmed the safety of mAb18A4 as an antitumor treatment.
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Wang D, Xu Q, Yuan Q, Jia M, Niu H, Liu X, Zhang J, Young CY, Yuan H. Proteasome inhibition boosts autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated-AGR2 and enhances the antitumor efficiency of bevacizumab. Oncogene 2019; 38:3458-3474. [PMID: 30647455 PMCID: PMC6756021 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2), a protein belonging to the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, is overexpressed in multiple cancers and promotes angiogenesis to drive cancer progression. The mechanisms controlling AGR2 abundance in cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we observed that AGR2 expression is significantly suppressed by proteasome inhibitor MG132/bortezomib at mRNA and protein levels in lung cancer cells. MG132-mediated repression of AGR2 transcription was independent of ROS generation and ER stress induction, but partially resulted from the downregulated E2F1. Further investigation revealed that MG132 facilitated polyubiquitinated AGR2 degradation through activation of autophagy, as evidenced by predominant restoration of AGR2 level in cells genetic depletion of Atg5 and Atg7, or by autophagy inhibitors. Activation of autophagy by rapamycin noticeably reduced the AGR2 protein in cells and in the mouse tissue samples administrated with bortezomib. We also provided evidence identifying the K48-linked polyubiquitin chains conjugating onto K89 of AGR2 by an E3 ligase UBR5. In addition, an autophagy receptor NBR1 was demonstrated to be important in polyubiquitinated AGR2 clearance in response to MG132 or bortezomib. Importantly, downregulation of AGR2 by proteasome inhibition significantly enhanced antitumor activity of bevacizumab, highlighting the importance of AGR2 as a predictive marker for selection of subgroup patients in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengqi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huanmin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinsan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Charles Yf Young
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Huiqing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Kammerl IE, Caniard A, Merl-Pham J, Ben-Nissan G, Mayr CH, Mossina A, Geerlof A, Eickelberg O, Hauck SM, Sharon M, Meiners S. Dissecting the molecular effects of cigarette smoke on proteasome function. J Proteomics 2018; 193:1-9. [PMID: 30557664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome dysfunction is emerging as a novel pathomechanism for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major leading cause of death in the world. Cigarette smoke, one of the main risk factors for COPD, impairs proteasome function in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we dissected the molecular changes induced by cigarette smoke on the proteasome in lung epithelial cells and mouse lungs. 26S proteasome pull-down, MS interactome, and stoichiometry analyses indicated that 26S proteasome complexes become instable in cigarette smoke-treated lung epithelial cells as well as in lungs of mice after three day smoke exposure. The interactome of the 26S was clearly altered in mouse lungs upon smoke exposure but not in cells after 24 h of smoke exposure. Using native MS analysis of purified 20S proteasomes, we observed some destabilization of 20S complexes purified from cigarette smoke-exposed cells in the absence of any dominant and inhibitory modification of proteasomal proteins. Taken together, our results suggest that cigarette smoke induces minor but detectable changes in the stability of 20S and 26S proteasome complexes which might contribute to imbalanced proteostasis in a chronic setting as observed in chronic lung diseases associated with cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona E Kammerl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Caniard
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christoph H Mayr
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Mossina
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility (PEPF), Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
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Kim J, Chung JY, Kim TJ, Lee JW, Kim BG, Bae DS, Choi CH, Hewitt SM. Genomic Network-Based Analysis Reveals Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Up-Regulating Factor-Related Prognostic Markers in Cervical Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:465. [PMID: 30406031 PMCID: PMC6206228 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that PAUF is involved in tumor development and metastases in cervical cancer. This study was conducted to discover novel molecular markers linked with PAUF in cervical cancer using genomic network analysis and to assess their prognostic value in cervical cancer. Three PAUF-related genes were identified using in-silico network-based analysis of the open genome datasets. To assess the expression of these genes and their relationship to the outcome of cervical cancer, immunohistochemical analysis was performed using cervical cancer TMA. The associations of the identified proteins with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis were examined. AGR2, BRD7, and POM121 were identified as interconnected with PAUF through in-silico network-based analysis. AGR2 (r = 0.213, p < 0.001) and POM121 (r = 0.135, p = 0.013) protein expression were positively correlated with PAUF. BRD7High and AGR2Low were significantly associated with favorable disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively), and in combination with PAUFHigh, even more significantly favorable DFS observed (p < 0.001 for both). In multivariate analysis, AGR2High (HR = 3.16, p = 0.01) and BRD7High (HR = 0.5, p = 0.025) showed independent prognostic value for DFS. In a random survival forest (RSF) model, the combined clinical and molecular variable model predicted DFS with significantly improved power compared with that of the clinical variable model (C-index of 0.79 vs. 0.75, p < 0.001). In conclusion, AGR2 and BRD7 expression have prognostic significance in cervical cancer and provide opportunities for improved treatment options. Genomic network-based approaches using the cBioPortal may facilitate the discovery of additional biomarkers for the prognosis of cervical cancer and may provide new insights into the biology of cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tae-Joong Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Bae
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Delom F, Nazaraliyev A, Fessart D. The role of protein disulphide isomerase AGR2 in the tumour niche. Biol Cell 2018; 110:271-282. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Delom
- University of Bordeaux; INSERM U1218; Bordeaux F-33000 France
- Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Bordeaux F-33076 France
| | - Amal Nazaraliyev
- University of Bordeaux; INSERM U1218; Bordeaux F-33000 France
- Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Bordeaux F-33076 France
| | - Delphine Fessart
- INSERM U1242; “Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling”; Université; de Rennes 1; Rennes France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis; Rennes France
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Novel Methylselenoesters Induce Programed Cell Death via Entosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102849. [PMID: 30241340 PMCID: PMC6213452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox active selenium (Se) compounds have gained substantial attention in the last decade as potential cancer therapeutic agents. Several Se compounds have shown high selectivity and sensitivity against malignant cells. The cytotoxic effects are exerted by their biologically active metabolites, with methylselenol (CH3SeH) being one of the key executors. In search of novel CH3SeH precursors, we previously synthesized a series of methylselenoesters that were active (GI50 < 10 µM at 72 h) against a panel of cancer cell lines. Herein, we refined the mechanism of action of the two lead compounds with the additional synthesis of new analogs (ethyl, pentyl, and benzyl derivatives). A novel mechanism for the programmed cell death mechanism for Se-compounds was identified. Both methylseleninic acid and the novel CH3SeH precursors induced entosis by cell detachment through downregulation of cell division control protein 42 homolog (CDC42) and its downstream effector β1-integrin (CD29). To our knowledge, this is the first time that Se compounds have been reported to induce this type of cell death and is of importance in the characterization of the anticancerogenic properties of these compounds.
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