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Qi Y, Wang Y, Yuan J, Xu Y, Pan H. Unveiling the therapeutic promise: exploring Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA) signaling in malignant bone tumors for novel cancer treatments. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:204. [PMID: 38943207 PMCID: PMC11212261 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant bone tumors, including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone tumors, are a significant clinical challenge due to their high frequency of presentation, poor prognosis and lack of effective treatments and therapies. Bone tumors are often accompanied by skeletal complications such as bone destruction and cancer-induced bone pain. However, the mechanisms involved in bone cancer progression, bone metastasis and skeletal complications remain unclear. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an intercellular lipid signaling molecule that exerts a wide range of biological effects mainly through specifically binding to LPA receptors (LPARs), has been found to be present at high levels in the ascites of bone tumor patients. Numerous studies have suggested that LPA plays a role in primary malignant bone tumors, bone metastasis, and skeletal complications. In this review, we summarize the role of LPA signaling in primary bone cancer, bone metastasis and skeletal complications. Modulating LPA signaling may represent a novel avenue for future therapeutic treatments for bone cancer, potentially improving patient prognosis and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Qi
- Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province, Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 266 Fenghe North Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330038, P. R. China
| | - Yukai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province, Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 266 Fenghe North Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330038, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Yuan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province, Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 266 Fenghe North Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330038, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province, Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 266 Fenghe North Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330038, P. R. China
| | - Haili Pan
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province, Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 266 Fenghe North Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330038, P. R. China.
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2
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Cevheroğlu O, Demirbaş B, Öğütcü D, Murat M. ADGRG1, an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, forms oligomers. FEBS J 2024; 291:2461-2478. [PMID: 38468592 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomerization is a highly debated topic in the field. While initially believed to function as monomers, current literature increasingly suggests that these cell surface receptors, spanning almost all GPCR families, function as homo- or hetero-oligomers. Yet, the functional consequences of these oligomeric complexes remain largely unknown. Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) present an intriguing family of receptors characterized by their large and multi-domain N-terminal fragments (NTFs), intricate activation mechanisms, and the prevalence of numerous splice variants in almost all family members. In the present study, bioluminescence energy transfer (BRET) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) were used to study the homo-oligomerization of adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G1 (ADGRG1; also known as GPR56) and to assess the involvement of NTFs in these receptor complexes. Based on the results presented herein, we propose that ADGRG1 forms 7-transmembrane-driven homo-oligomers on the plasma membrane. Additionally, Stachel motif interactions appear to influence the conformation of these receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Berkay Demirbaş
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Turkey
| | - Dilara Öğütcü
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Turkey
| | - Merve Murat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Turkey
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3
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Lin H, Liu C, Hu A, Zhang D, Yang H, Mao Y. Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:31. [PMID: 38720342 PMCID: PMC11077829 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the predominant and primary malignant intracranial tumor, poses a formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby confounding conventional therapeutic interventions. Despite the established treatment regimen comprising surgical intervention, radiotherapy, temozolomide administration, and the exploration of emerging modalities such as immunotherapy and integration of medicine and engineering technology therapy, the efficacy of these approaches remains constrained, resulting in suboptimal prognostic outcomes. In recent years, intensive scrutiny of the inhibitory and immunosuppressive milieu within GBM has underscored the significance of cellular constituents of the GBM microenvironment and their interactions with malignant cells and neurons. Novel immune and targeted therapy strategies have emerged, offering promising avenues for advancing GBM treatment. One pivotal mechanism orchestrating immunosuppression in GBM involves the aggregation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), glioma-associated macrophage/microglia (GAM), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Among these, MDSCs, though constituting a minority (4-8%) of CD45+ cells in GBM, play a central component in fostering immune evasion and propelling tumor progression, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. MDSCs deploy intricate immunosuppressive mechanisms that adapt to the dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding the interplay between GBM and MDSCs provides a compelling basis for therapeutic interventions. This review seeks to elucidate the immune regulatory mechanisms inherent in the GBM microenvironment, explore existing therapeutic targets, and consolidate recent insights into MDSC induction and their contribution to GBM immunosuppression. Additionally, the review comprehensively surveys ongoing clinical trials and potential treatment strategies, envisioning a future where targeting MDSCs could reshape the immune landscape of GBM. Through the synergistic integration of immunotherapy with other therapeutic modalities, this approach can establish a multidisciplinary, multi-target paradigm, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaxian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanwu Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Dates AN, Jones DTD, Smith JS, Skiba MA, Rich MF, Burruss MM, Kruse AC, Blacklow SC. Heterogeneity of tethered agonist signaling in adhesion G protein-coupled receptors. Cell Chem Biol 2024:S2451-9456(24)00120-X. [PMID: 38608683 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) signaling influences development and homeostasis in a wide range of tissues. In the current model for aGPCR signaling, ligand binding liberates a conserved sequence that acts as an intramolecular, tethered agonist (TA), yet this model has not been evaluated systematically for all aGPCRs. Here, we assessed the TA-dependent activities of all 33 aGPCRs in a suite of transcriptional reporter, G protein activation, and β-arrestin recruitment assays using a new fusion protein platform. Strikingly, only ∼50% of aGPCRs exhibited robust TA-dependent activation, and unlike other GPCR families, aGPCRs showed a notable preference for G12/13 signaling. AlphaFold2 predictions assessing TA engagement in the predicted intramolecular binding pocket aligned with the TA dependence of the cellular responses. This dataset provides a comprehensive resource to inform the investigation of all human aGPCRs and for targeting aGPCRs therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Dates
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel T D Jones
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meredith A Skiba
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria F Rich
- University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Maggie M Burruss
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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5
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Yang Q, Han R, Fadhul W, Sachdeva A, Zhang X. Comprehensive analysis of ADGRE5 gene in human tumors: Clinical relevance, prognostic implications, and potential for personalized immunotherapy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27459. [PMID: 38501000 PMCID: PMC10945187 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Adhesion G protein receptor E5 (ADGRE5) gene is involved in a wide range of biological functions in human tumors; however, its specific molecular mechanism and significance in the analysis of human tumors have not yet been determined. Here, we provide a comprehensive genomic architecture of ADGRE5 in the tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical relevance across a broad range of solid tumors. Methods In this study, we used publicly available bioinformatics databases, with a primary focus on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GTEx data, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact on patient prognosis associated with ADGRE5. Results Statistics of more than 30 solid tumors from TCGA and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) were examined. ADGRE5 was differentially expressed in several cancers and was significantly associated with survival outcomes. Higher ADGRE5 levels were associated with worse prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma, low grade glioma of the brain (LGG), lung squamous cell carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, and uveal melanoma (UVM). Additionally, ADGRE5 was found to be an independent risk factor for LGG and UVM. The clinical relevance of ADGRE5 in tumor immunogenicity was further investigated. The expression level of ADGRE5 was not only strongly associated with tumor infiltration, such as tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune subtypes, but also with tumor mutation burden, pyroptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in various types of cancer (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we noted that ADGRE5 exhibited a positive association with targeted drug sensitivity and conversely, a negative association with traditional chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Thus, ADGRE5 is expected to be a guiding marker gene for clinical prognosis and personalized tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Qiuhui Yang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Ruokuo Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Walaa Fadhul
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Alisha Sachdeva
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xianbo Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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6
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Mao C, Zhao RJ, Dong YJ, Gao M, Chen LN, Zhang C, Xiao P, Guo J, Qin J, Shen DD, Ji SY, Zang SK, Zhang H, Wang WW, Shen Q, Sun JP, Zhang Y. Conformational transitions and activation of the adhesion receptor CD97. Mol Cell 2024; 84:570-583.e7. [PMID: 38215752 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are evolutionarily ancient receptors involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Modulators of aGPCR, particularly antagonists, hold therapeutic promise for diseases like cancer and immune and neurological disorders. Hindered by the inactive state structural information, our understanding of antagonist development and aGPCR activation faces challenges. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human CD97, a prototypical aGPCR that plays crucial roles in immune system, in its inactive apo and G13-bound fully active states. Compared with other family GPCRs, CD97 adopts a compact inactive conformation with a constrained ligand pocket. Activation induces significant conformational changes for both extracellular and intracellular sides, creating larger cavities for Stachel sequence binding and G13 engagement. Integrated with functional and metadynamics analyses, our study provides significant mechanistic insights into the activation and signaling of aGPCRs, paving the way for future drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyou Mao
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Ru-Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ying-Jun Dong
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingxin Gao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Li-Nan Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Su-Yu Ji
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao-Kun Zang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huibing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qingya Shen
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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7
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Liu D, Winer BY, Chou MY, Tam H, Xu Y, An J, Gardner JM, Cyster JG. Dynamic encounters with red blood cells trigger splenic marginal zone B cell retention and function. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:142-154. [PMID: 38049580 PMCID: PMC10761324 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Spleen marginal zone (MZ) B cells are important for antibody responses against blood-borne antigens. The signals they use to detect exposure to blood are not well defined. Here, using intravital two-photon microscopy in mice, we observe transient contacts between MZ B cells and red blood cells that are in flow. We show that MZ B cells use adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor ADGRE5 (CD97) for retention in the spleen. CD97 function in MZ B cells depends on its ability to undergo autoproteolytic cleavage and signaling via Gα13 and ARHGEF1. Red blood cell expression of the CD97 ligand CD55 is required for MZ B cell homeostasis. Applying a pulling force on CD97-transfected cells using an optical C-trap and CD55+ beads leads to accumulation of active RhoA and membrane retraction. Finally, we show that CD97 deficiency leads to a reduced T cell-independent IgM response. Thus, our studies provide evidence that MZ B cells use mechanosensing to position in a manner that enhances antibody responses against blood-borne antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Westlake University School of Life Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marissa Y Chou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hanson Tam
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinping An
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James M Gardner
- Diabetes Center and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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8
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Adediwura VA, Miao Y. Mechanistic Insights into Peptide Binding and Deactivation of an Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor. Molecules 2023; 29:164. [PMID: 38202747 PMCID: PMC10780249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (ADGRGs) play critical roles in the reproductive, neurological, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. In particular, ADGRG2 plays a significant role in Ewing sarcoma cell proliferation, parathyroid cell function, and male fertility. In 2022, a cryo-EM structure was reported for the active ADGRG2 bound by an optimized peptide agonist IP15 and the Gs protein. The IP15 peptide agonist was also modified to antagonists 4PH-E and 4PH-D with mutations of the 4PH residue to Glu and Asp, respectively. However, experimental structures of inactive antagonist-bound ADGRs remain to be resolved, and the activation mechanism of ADGRs such as ADGRG2 is poorly understood. Here, we applied Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations to probe conformational dynamics of the agonist- and antagonist-bound ADGRG2. By performing GaMD simulations, we were able to identify important low-energy conformations of ADGRG2 in the active, intermediate, and inactive states, as well as explore the binding conformations of each peptide. Moreover, our simulations revealed critical peptide-receptor residue interactions during the deactivation of ADGRG2. In conclusion, through GaMD simulations, we uncovered mechanistic insights into peptide (agonist and antagonist) binding and deactivation of the ADGRG2. These findings will potentially facilitate rational design of new peptide modulators of ADGRG2 and other ADGRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Department of Pharmacology and Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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9
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Garapati K, Ding H, Charlesworth MC, Kim Y, Zenka R, Saraswat M, Mun DG, Chavan S, Shingade A, Lucien F, Zhong J, Kandasamy RK, Pandey A. sBioSITe enables sensitive identification of the cell surface proteome through direct enrichment of biotinylated peptides. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:56. [PMID: 38053024 PMCID: PMC10696767 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell surface proteins perform critical functions related to immune response, signal transduction, cell-cell interactions, and cell migration. Expression of specific cell surface proteins can determine cell-type identity, and can be altered in diseases including infections, cancer and genetic disorders. Identification of the cell surface proteome remains a challenge despite several enrichment methods exploiting their biochemical and biophysical properties. METHODS Here, we report a novel method for enrichment of proteins localized to cell surface. We developed this new approach designated surface Biotinylation Site Identification Technology (sBioSITe) by adapting our previously published method for direct identification of biotinylated peptides. In this strategy, the primary amine groups of lysines on proteins on the surface of live cells are first labeled with biotin, and subsequently, biotinylated peptides are enriched by anti-biotin antibodies and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS By direct detection of biotinylated lysines from PC-3, a prostate cancer cell line, using sBioSITe, we identified 5851 peptides biotinylated on the cell surface that were derived from 1409 proteins. Of these proteins, 533 were previously shown or predicted to be localized to the cell surface or secreted extracellularly. Several of the identified cell surface markers have known associations with prostate cancer and metastasis including CD59, 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (SLC3A2) and adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E5 (CD97). Importantly, we identified several biotinylated peptides derived from plectin and nucleolin, both of which are not annotated in surface proteome databases but have been shown to have aberrant surface localization in certain cancers highlighting the utility of this method. CONCLUSIONS Detection of biotinylation sites on cell surface proteins using sBioSITe provides a reliable method for identifying cell surface proteins. This strategy complements existing methods for detection of cell surface expressed proteins especially in discovery-based proteomics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Garapati
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Husheng Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Yohan Kim
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman Zenka
- Proteomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Dong-Gi Mun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sandip Chavan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ashish Shingade
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Fabrice Lucien
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Richard K Kandasamy
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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10
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Chang H, Hou P, Wang X, Xiang A, Wu H, Qi W, Yang R, Wang X, Li X, He W, Zhao G, Sun W, Wang T, He DC, Wang H, Gao Y, He H. CD97 negatively regulates the innate immune response against RNA viruses by promoting RNF125-mediated RIG-I degradation. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1457-1471. [PMID: 37978243 PMCID: PMC10687259 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor ADGRE5 (CD97) binds to various metabolites that play crucial regulatory roles in metabolism. However, its function in the antiviral innate immune response remains to be determined. In this study, we report that CD97 inhibits virus-induced type-I interferon (IFN-I) release and enhances RNA virus replication in cells and mice. CD97 was identified as a new negative regulator of the innate immune receptor RIG-I, and RIG-1 degradation led to the suppression of the IFN-I signaling pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of CD97 promoted the ubiquitination of RIG-I, resulting in its degradation, but did not impact its mRNA expression. Mechanistically, CD97 upregulates RNF125 expression to induce RNF125-mediated RIG-I degradation via K48-linked ubiquitination at Lys181 after RNA virus infection. Most importantly, CD97-deficient mice are more resistant than wild-type mice to RNA virus infection. We also found that sanguinarine-mediated inhibition of CD97 effectively blocks VSV and SARS-CoV-2 replication. These findings elucidate a previously unknown mechanism through which CD97 negatively regulates RIG-I in the antiviral innate immune response and provide a molecular basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies and the design of targeted antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Chang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China
| | - Aibiao Xiang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Rukun Yang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Wenqi He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Guimin Zhao
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China
| | - Daniel Chang He
- The College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China.
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
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11
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Kieslich B, Weiße RH, Brendler J, Ricken A, Schöneberg T, Sträter N. The dimerized pentraxin-like domain of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor 112 (ADGRG4) suggests function in sensing mechanical forces. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105356. [PMID: 37863265 PMCID: PMC10687090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) feature large extracellular regions with modular domains that often resemble protein classes of various function. The pentraxin (PTX) domain, which is predicted by sequence homology within the extracellular region of four different aGPCR members, is well known to form pentamers and other oligomers. Oligomerization of GPCRs is frequently reported and mainly driven by interactions of the seven-transmembrane region and N or C termini. While the functional importance of dimers is well-established for some class C GPCRs, relatively little is known about aGPCR multimerization. Here, we showcase the example of ADGRG4, an orphan aGPCR that possesses a PTX-like domain at its very N-terminal tip, followed by an extremely long stalk containing serine-threonine repeats. Using X-ray crystallography and biophysical methods, we determined the structure of this unusual PTX-like domain and provide experimental evidence for a homodimer equilibrium of this domain which is Ca2+-independent and driven by intermolecular contacts that differ vastly from the known soluble PTXs. The formation of this dimer seems to be conserved in mammalian ADGRG4 indicating functional relevance. Our data alongside of theoretical considerations lead to the hypothesis that ADGRG4 acts as an in vivo sensor for shear forces in enterochromaffin and Paneth cells of the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kieslich
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Renato H Weiße
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Brendler
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albert Ricken
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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12
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Ravn-Boess N, Roy N, Hattori T, Bready D, Donaldson H, Lawson C, Lapierre C, Korman A, Rodrick T, Liu E, Frenster JD, Stephan G, Wilcox J, Corrado AD, Cai J, Ronnen R, Wang S, Haddock S, Sabio Ortiz J, Mishkit O, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Tsirigos A, Fenyö D, Zagzag D, Drube J, Hoffmann C, Perna F, Jones DR, Possemato R, Koide A, Koide S, Park CY, Placantonakis DG. The expression profile and tumorigenic mechanisms of CD97 (ADGRE5) in glioblastoma render it a targetable vulnerability. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113374. [PMID: 37938973 PMCID: PMC10841603 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have attracted interest for their potential as treatment targets. Here, we show that CD97 (ADGRE5) is the most promising aGPCR target in GBM, by virtue of its de novo expression compared to healthy brain tissue. CD97 knockdown or knockout significantly reduces the tumor initiation capacity of patient-derived GBM cultures (PDGCs) in vitro and in vivo. We find that CD97 promotes glycolytic metabolism via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which depends on phosphorylation of its C terminus and recruitment of β-arrestin. We also demonstrate that THY1/CD90 is a likely CD97 ligand in GBM. Lastly, we show that an anti-CD97 antibody-drug conjugate selectively kills tumor cells in vitro. Our studies identify CD97 as a regulator of tumor metabolism, elucidate mechanisms of receptor activation and signaling, and provide strong scientific rationale for developing biologics to target it therapeutically in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ravn-Boess
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nainita Roy
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Takamitsu Hattori
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Devin Bready
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hayley Donaldson
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christopher Lawson
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cathryn Lapierre
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aryeh Korman
- Metabolomics Laboratory, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tori Rodrick
- Metabolomics Laboratory, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Enze Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joshua D Frenster
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gabriele Stephan
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jordan Wilcox
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexis D Corrado
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julia Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca Ronnen
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sara Haddock
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jonathan Sabio Ortiz
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Orin Mishkit
- Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Aris Tsirigos
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Zagzag
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julia Drube
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Drew R Jones
- Metabolomics Laboratory, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Richard Possemato
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dimitris G Placantonakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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13
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Hong JM, Lee JW, Seen DS, Jeong JY, Huh WK. LPA1-mediated inhibition of CXCR4 attenuates CXCL12-induced signaling and cell migration. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:257. [PMID: 37749552 PMCID: PMC10518940 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptor heteromerization is believed to exert dynamic regulatory impact on signal transduction. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand CXCL12, both of which are overexpressed in many cancers, play a pivotal role in metastasis. Likewise, lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) is implicated in cancer cell proliferation and migration. In our preliminary study, we identified LPA1 as a prospective CXCR4 interactor. In the present study, we investigated in detail the formation of the CXCR4-LPA1 heteromer and characterized the unique molecular features and function of this heteromer. METHODS We employed bimolecular fluorescence complementation, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, and proximity ligation assays to demonstrate heteromerization between CXCR4 and LPA1. To elucidate the distinctive molecular characteristics and functional implications of the CXCR4-LPA1 heteromer, we performed various assays, including cAMP, BRET for G protein activation, β-arrestin recruitment, ligand binding, and transwell migration assays. RESULTS We observed that CXCR4 forms heteromers with LPA1 in recombinant HEK293A cells and the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Coexpression of LPA1 with CXCR4 reduced CXCL12-mediated cAMP inhibition, ERK activation, Gαi/o activation, and β-arrestin recruitment, while CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 remained unaffected. In contrast, CXCR4 had no impact on LPA1-mediated signaling. The addition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) further hindered CXCL12-induced Gαi/o recruitment to CXCR4. LPA or alkyl-OMPT inhibited CXCL12-induced migration in various cancer cells that endogenously express both CXCR4 and LPA1. Conversely, CXCL12-induced calcium signaling and migration were increased in LPAR1 knockout cells, and LPA1-selective antagonists enhanced CXCL12-induced Gαi/o signaling and cell migration in the parental MDA-MB-231 cells but not in LPA1-deficient cells. Ultimately, complete inhibition of cell migration toward CXCL12 and alkyl-OMPT was only achieved in the presence of both CXCR4 and LPA1 antagonists. CONCLUSIONS The presence and impact of CXCR4-LPA1 heteromers on CXCL12-induced signaling and cell migration have been evidenced across various cell lines. This discovery provides crucial insights into a valuable regulatory mechanism of CXCR4 through heteromerization. Moreover, our findings propose a therapeutic potential in combined CXCR4 and LPA1 inhibitors for cancer and inflammatory diseases associated with these receptors, simultaneously raising concerns about the use of LPA1 antagonists alone for such conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Hong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seung Seen
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Slepak TI, Guyot M, Walters W, Eichberg DG, Ivan ME. Dual role of the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor ADRGE5/CD97 in glioblastoma invasion and proliferation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105105. [PMID: 37517698 PMCID: PMC10481366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD97, an adhesion G-protein coupled receptor highly expressed in glioblastoma (GBM), consists of two noncovalently bound domains: the N-terminal fragment (NTF) and C-terminal fragment. The C-terminal fragment contains a GPCR domain that couples to Gα12/13, while the NTF interacts with extracellular matrix components and other receptors. We investigated the effects of changing CD97 levels and its function on primary patient-derived GBM stem cells (pdGSCs) in vitro and in vivo. We created two functional mutants: a constitutively active ΔNTF and the noncleavable dominant-negative H436A mutant. The CD97 knockdown in pdGSCs decreased, while overexpression of CD97 increased tumor size. Unlike other constructs, the ΔNTF mutant promoted tumor cell proliferation, but the tumors were comparable in size to those with CD97 overexpression. As expected, the GBM tumors overexpressing CD97 were very invasive, but surprisingly, the knockdown did not inhibit invasiveness and even induced it in noninvasive U87 tumors. Importantly, our results indicate that NTF was present in the tumor core cells but absent in the pdGSCs invading the brain. Furthermore, the expression of noncleavable H436A mutant led to large tumors that invade by sending massive protrusions, but the invasion of individual tumor cells was substantially reduced. These data suggest that NTF association with CD97 GPCR domain inhibits individual cell dissemination but not overall tumor invasion. However, NTF dissociation facilitates pdGSCs brain infiltration and may promote tumor proliferation. Thus, the interplay between two functional domains regulates CD97 activity resulting in either enhanced cell adhesion or stimulation of tumor cell invasion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Slepak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Manuela Guyot
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Winston Walters
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Daniel G Eichberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Michael E Ivan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Hospital, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.
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15
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Tseng WY, Stacey M, Lin HH. Role of Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Immune Dysfunction and Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065499. [PMID: 36982575 PMCID: PMC10055975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of the immune system, including immunodeficiency, immuno-malignancy, and (auto)inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic diseases, have a great impact on a host’s health. Cellular communication mediated through cell surface receptors, among different cell types and between cell and microenvironment, plays a critical role in immune responses. Selective members of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) family are expressed differentially in diverse immune cell types and have been implicated recently in unique immune dysfunctions and disorders in part due to their dual cell adhesion and signaling roles. Here, we discuss the molecular and functional characteristics of distinctive immune aGPCRs and their physiopathological roles in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Tseng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Martin Stacey
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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16
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Doutt SW, Longo JF, Carroll SL. LPAR1 and aberrantly expressed LPAR3 differentially promote the migration and proliferation of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells. Glia 2023; 71:742-757. [PMID: 36416236 PMCID: PMC9868101 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cell-derived neoplasms known as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are the most common malignancy and the leading cause of death in individuals with neurofibromatosis Type 1. Using genome-scale shRNA screens, we have previously found evidence suggesting that lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs) are essential for MPNST proliferation and/or survival. Here, we examine the expression and mutational status of all six LPA receptors in MPNSTs, assess the role that individual LPA receptors play in MPNST physiology and examine their ability to activate key neurofibromin-regulated signaling cascades. We found that human Schwann cells express LPAR1 and LPAR6, while MPNST cells express predominantly LPAR1 and LPAR3. Whole exome sequencing of 16 MPNST cell lines showed no evidence of mutations in any LPAR genes or ENPP2, a gene encoding a major LPA biosynthetic enzyme. Oleoyl-LPA, an LPA variant with an unsaturated side chain, promoted MPNST cell proliferation and migration. LPAR1 knockdown ablated the promigratory effect of LPA, while LPAR3 knockdown decreased proliferation. Inhibition of R-Ras signaling with a doxycycline-inducible dominant negative (DN) R-Ras mutant, which inhibits both R-Ras and R-Ras2, blocked LPA's promigratory effect. In contrast, DN R-Ras did not affect migration induced by neuregulin-1β (NRG1β), suggesting that LPA and NRG1β promote MPNST migration via distinct pathways. LPA-induced migration was also inhibited by Y27632, an inhibitor of the ROCK1/2 kinases that mediate R-Ras effects in MPNSTs. Thus, LPAR1 and aberrantly expressed LPAR3 mediate distinct effects in MPNSTs. These receptors and the signaling pathways that they regulate are potentially useful therapeutic targets in MPNSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Weber Doutt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- The Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jody Fromm Longo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Steven L Carroll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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17
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Yu H, Liu Z. GNA12 regulates C5a-induced migration by downregulating C5aR1-PLCβ2-PI3K-AKT-ERK1/2 signaling. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2023; 9:33-44. [PMID: 37426201 PMCID: PMC10323775 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gna12 has been identified as one of the reported inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility genes in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the function of GNA12 in intestinal homeostasis remains unknown. Here we report that GNA12, a G-protein α subunit, regulates C5a-induced migration in macrophages. Deficiency of GNA12 results in enhanced migration induced by C5a in macrophages. Mechanistically, GNA12 suppresses C5a-induced migration by downregulating the C5aR1-PLCβ2-PI3K-AKT-ERK1/2 signaling. Therefore, our study reveals that GNA12 is an anti-inflammatory factor, which might alleviate the development of inflammation by inhibiting the excessive chemotactic migration of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors-Structure and functions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 195:1-25. [PMID: 36707149 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are an ancient class of receptors that represent some of the largest transmembrane-integrated proteins in humans. First recognized as surface markers on immune cells, it took more than a decade to appreciate their 7-transmembrane structure, which is reminiscent of GPCRs. Roughly 30 years went by before the first functional proof of an interaction with a G protein was published. Besides classic features of GPCRs (extracellular N terminus, 7-transmembrane region, intracellular C terminus), aGPCRs display a distinct N-terminal structure, which harbors the highly conserved GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain with the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) in addition to several functional domains. Several human diseases have been associated with variants of aGPCRs and subsequent animal models have been established to investigate these phenotypes. Much progress has been made in recent years to decipher the structure and functions of these receptors. This chapter gives an overview of our current understanding with respect to the molecular structural patterns governing aGPCR activation and the contribution of these giant molecules to the development of pathologies.
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Su Q, Li L, Li X, Li W, Zhang X, Dong Y, Han L, Wang D, Ran J. CD97 serves as a novel biomarker of immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:382. [PMID: 36464675 PMCID: PMC9721038 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD97 is the most widely expressed G protein-coupled receptor in the epidermal growth factor seven-span transmembrane family. It plays a vital role in cell adhesion, migration, and cell connection regulation. We explored the role of CD97 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We evaluated CD97 mRNA expression in HCC using TNMplot and the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The clinical prognostic significance of CD97 in HCC patients was evaluated by gene expression profiling interactive analysis, the Kaplan-Meier plotter, and the UALCAN database. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and CIBERSORT databases were used to analyze the relationships among CD97, genes positively related with CD97, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. RESULTS CD97 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and was associated with an adverse prognosis. CD97 and genes positively related with CD97 were positively correlated with the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and strongly correlated with tumor-infiltrating macrophages (all r ≥ 0.513, P < 0.001). CD97 was positively correlated with M2 macrophage and tumor-associated macrophage markers (both r ≥ 0.464, P < 0.001). CD97 was found to be an immune-related gene in HCC and positively correlated with the TOX, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA4, and PD-1 immune checkpoint genes. CD97 copy number alterations affect the level of immune cell infiltration and mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS CD97 can be used as a potential molecular marker of prognosis in HCC, which is associated with immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Su
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650224 Yunnan Province China
| | - Lu Li
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650224 Yunnan Province China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- grid.414902.a0000 0004 1771 3912Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province China
| | - Wang Li
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650224 Yunnan Province China
| | - Xibing Zhang
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650224 Yunnan Province China
| | - Yun Dong
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650224 Yunnan Province China
| | - Lei Han
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650224 Yunnan Province China
| | - Duo Wang
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650224 Yunnan Province China
| | - Jianghua Ran
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 1228 Beijing Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, 650224 Yunnan Province China
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Lala T, Hall RA. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors: structure, signaling, physiology, and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1587-1624. [PMID: 35468004 PMCID: PMC9255715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (AGPCRs) are a family of 33 receptors in humans exhibiting a conserved general structure but diverse expression patterns and physiological functions. The large NH2 termini characteristic of AGPCRs confer unique properties to each receptor and possess a variety of distinct domains that can bind to a diverse array of extracellular proteins and components of the extracellular matrix. The traditional view of AGPCRs, as implied by their name, is that their core function is the mediation of adhesion. In recent years, though, many surprising advances have been made regarding AGPCR signaling mechanisms, activation by mechanosensory forces, and stimulation by small-molecule ligands such as steroid hormones and bioactive lipids. Thus, a new view of AGPCRs has begun to emerge in which these receptors are seen as massive signaling platforms that are crucial for the integration of adhesive, mechanosensory, and chemical stimuli. This review article describes the recent advances that have led to this new understanding of AGPCR function and also discusses new insights into the physiological actions of these receptors as well as their roles in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Lala
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Randy A Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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21
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Urinary marker panels for aggressive prostate cancer detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14837. [PMID: 36050450 PMCID: PMC9437030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Majority of patients with indolent prostate cancer (PCa) can be managed with active surveillance. Therefore, finding biomarkers for classifying patients between indolent and aggressive PCa is essential. In this study, we investigated urinary marker panels composed of urinary glycopeptides and/or urinary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for their clinical utility in distinguishing non-aggressive (Grade Group 1) from aggressive (Grade Group ≥ 2) PCa. Urinary glycopeptides acquired via data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) were quantitatively analyzed, where prostatic acid phosphatase (ACPP), clusterin (CLU), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1), and CD antigen 97 (CD97) were selected to be evaluated in various combinations with and without urinary PSA. Targeted parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assays of the glycopeptides from urinary ACPP and CLU were investigated along with urinary PSA for the ability of aggressive PCa detection. The multi-urinary marker panels, combined via logistic regression, were statistically evaluated using bootstrap resampling and validated by an independent cohort. Majority of the multi-urinary marker panels (e.g., a panel consisted of ACPP, CLU, and Urinary PSA) achieved area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.70 to 0.85. Thus, multi-marker panels investigated in this study showed clinically meaningful results on aggressive PCa detection to separate Grade Group 1 from Grade Group 2 and above warranting further evaluation in clinical setting in future.
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22
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Sheldon H, Zhang W, Bridges E, Ang KH, Lin S, Masiero M, Li D, Handford PA, Whiteman P, Fischer R, Buffa F, Vatish M, Banham AH, Harris AL. ELTD1 is present in extracellular vesicles derived from endothelial cells as a cleaved extracellular domain which induces in vivo angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e52. [PMID: 38939053 PMCID: PMC11080856 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
ELTD1/ADGRL4 is an adhesion GPCR with an important role in angiogenesis. We recently identified a role for ELTD1 in wound repair and inflammation. Activation of ELTD1 in endothelial cells results in a type II EMT to myofibroblast-like cells that have enhanced angiogenic ability. Furthermore, expression of Eltd1 in murine breast cancer cells increases tumour growth by increasing blood vessel size and perfusion and by creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. As extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to be involved in vascular development, growth and maturation we investigated the composition and functional effects of the EVs isolated from ELTD1 expressing cells to elucidate their role in these processes. A highly glycosylated form of the extracellular domain (ECD) of ELTD1 is readily incorporated into EVs. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics we identified proteins that are enriched in ELTD1-EVs and are involved in haemostasis and immune responses. ELTD1 enriched EVs were pro-angiogenic in vivo and in vitro and the presence of the ECD alone induced endothelial sprouting. In endothelial cells experiencing laminar flow, ELTD1 levels were reduced in the EVs when they are quiescent, showing a relationship between ELTD1 and the activation state of the endothelium. Using FACS, we detected a significant increase in vesicular ELTD1 in the plasma of patients with preeclampsia, a condition characterized by endothelial dysfunction. These data confirm a role for ELTD1 in wound repair and inflammation and reveal its potential as a biomarker of vessel dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sheldon
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Women's CentreUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Esther Bridges
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Koon Hwee Ang
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Salwa Lin
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Massimo Masiero
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory SciencesRadcliffe Department of MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Demin Li
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory SciencesRadcliffe Department of MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | | | - Pat Whiteman
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTarget Discovery InstituteOxford University, NDM Research BuildingOxfordUK
| | - Francesca Buffa
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Women's CentreUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Alison H. Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory SciencesRadcliffe Department of MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
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Knapp B, Roedig J, Roedig H, Krzysko J, Horn N, Güler BE, Kusuluri DK, Yildirim A, Boldt K, Ueffing M, Liebscher I, Wolfrum U. Affinity Proteomics Identifies Interaction Partners and Defines Novel Insights into the Function of the Adhesion GPCR VLGR1/ADGRV1. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103108. [PMID: 35630584 PMCID: PMC9146371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The very large G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (VLGR1/ADGRV1) is the largest member of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor (ADGR) family. Mutations in VLGR1/ADGRV1 cause human Usher syndrome (USH), a form of hereditary deaf-blindness, and have been additionally linked to epilepsy. In the absence of tangible knowledge of the molecular function and signaling of VLGR1, the pathomechanisms underlying the development of these diseases are still unknown. Our study aimed to identify novel, previously unknown protein networks associated with VLGR1 in order to describe new functional cellular modules of this receptor. Using affinity proteomics, we have identified numerous new potential binding partners and ligands of VLGR1. Tandem affinity purification hits were functionally grouped based on their Gene Ontology terms and associated with functional cellular modules indicative of functions of VLGR1 in transcriptional regulation, splicing, cell cycle regulation, ciliogenesis, cell adhesion, neuronal development, and retinal maintenance. In addition, we validated the identified protein interactions and pathways in vitro and in situ. Our data provided new insights into possible functions of VLGR1, related to the development of USH and epilepsy, and also suggest a possible role in the development of other neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Knapp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Jens Roedig
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Heiko Roedig
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Jacek Krzysko
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Nicola Horn
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Baran E. Güler
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Deva Krupakar Kusuluri
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Adem Yildirim
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology (ImP), Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (J.R.); (H.R.); (J.K.); (B.E.G.); (D.K.K.); (A.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Aust G, Zheng L, Quaas M. To Detach, Migrate, Adhere, and Metastasize: CD97/ADGRE5 in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091538. [PMID: 35563846 PMCID: PMC9101421 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process, during which cells acquire a series of mutations that lead to unrestrained cell growth and proliferation, inhibition of cell differentiation, and evasion of cell death. Growing tumors stimulate angiogenesis, providing them with nutrients and oxygen. Ultimately, tumor cells invade the surrounding tissue and metastasize; a process responsible for about 90% of cancer-related deaths. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) modulate the cellular processes closely related to tumor cell biology, such as adhesion and detachment, migration, polarity, and guidance. Soon after first being described, individual human aGPCRs were found to be involved in tumorigenesis. Twenty-five years ago, CD97/ADGRE5 was discovered to be induced in one of the most severe tumors, dedifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. After decades of research, the time has come to review our knowledge of the presence and function of CD97 in cancer. In summary, CD97 is obviously induced or altered in many tumor entities; this has been shown consistently in nearly one hundred published studies. However, its high expression at circulating and tumor-infiltrating immune cells renders the systemic targeting of CD97 in tumors difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aust
- Research Laboratories of the Clinic of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Research Laboratories of the Clinic of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Medical School, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Leyu Zheng
- Research Laboratories of the Clinic of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Medical School, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Marianne Quaas
- Research Laboratories of the Clinic of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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25
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Xiao P, Guo S, Wen X, He QT, Lin H, Huang SM, Gou L, Zhang C, Yang Z, Zhong YN, Yang CC, Li Y, Gong Z, Tao XN, Yang ZS, Lu Y, Li SL, He JY, Wang C, Zhang L, Kong L, Sun JP, Yu X. Tethered peptide activation mechanism of the adhesion GPCRs ADGRG2 and ADGRG4. Nature 2022; 604:771-778. [PMID: 35418677 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) constitute an evolutionarily ancient family of receptors that often undergo autoproteolysis to produce α and β subunits1-3. A tethered agonism mediated by the 'Stachel sequence' of the β subunit has been proposed to have central roles in aGPCR activation4-6. Here we present three cryo-electron microscopy structures of aGPCRs coupled to the Gs heterotrimer. Two of these aGPCRs are activated by tethered Stachel sequences-the ADGRG2-β-Gs complex and the ADGRG4-β-Gs complex (in which β indicates the β subunit of the aGPCR)-and the other is the full-length ADGRG2 in complex with the exogenous ADGRG2 Stachel-sequence-derived peptide agonist IP15 (ADGRG2(FL)-IP15-Gs). The Stachel sequences of both ADGRG2-β and ADGRG4-β assume a U shape and insert deeply into the seven-transmembrane bundles. Constituting the FXφφφXφ motif (in which φ represents a hydrophobic residue), five residues of ADGRG2-β or ADGRG4-β extend like fingers to mediate binding to the seven-transmembrane domain and activation of the receptor. The structure of the ADGRG2(FL)-IP15-Gs complex reveals the structural basis for the improved binding affinity of IP15 compared with VPM-p15 and indicates that rational design of peptidic agonists could be achieved by exploiting aGPCR-β structures. By converting the 'finger residues' to acidic residues, we develop a method to generate peptidic antagonists towards several aGPCRs. Collectively, our study provides structural and biochemical insights into the tethered activation mechanism of aGPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengchao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Tao He
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shen-Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Gou
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Ni Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuan-Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Na Tao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Shuai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shao-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Univerisity, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Liangliang Kong
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Center for Reproductive Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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26
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Guo P, Tai Y, Wang M, Sun H, Zhang L, Wei W, Xiang YK, Wang Q. Gα 12 and Gα 13: Versatility in Physiology and Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:809425. [PMID: 35237598 PMCID: PMC8883321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.809425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as the largest family of receptors in the human body, are involved in the pathological mechanisms of many diseases. Heterotrimeric G proteins represent the main molecular switch and receive cell surface signals from activated GPCRs. Growing evidence suggests that Gα12 subfamily (Gα12/13)-mediated signaling plays a crucial role in cellular function and various pathological processes. The current research on the physiological and pathological function of Gα12/13 is constantly expanding, Changes in the expression levels of Gα12/13 have been found in a wide range of human diseases. However, the mechanistic research on Gα12/13 is scattered. This review briefly describes the structural sequences of the Gα12/13 isoforms and introduces the coupling of GPCRs and non-GPCRs to Gα12/13. The effects of Gα12/13 on RhoA and other signaling pathways and their roles in cell proliferation, migration, and immune cell function, are discussed. Finally, we focus on the pathological impacts of Gα12/13 in cancer, inflammation, metabolic diseases, fibrotic diseases, and circulatory disorders are brought to focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paipai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hanfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Liu D, Duan L, Cyster JG. Chemo- and mechanosensing by dendritic cells facilitate antigen surveillance in the spleen. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:25-42. [PMID: 35147233 PMCID: PMC8852366 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spleen dendritic cells (DC) are critical for initiation of adaptive immune responses against blood-borne invaders. Key to DC function is their positioning at sites of pathogen entry, and their abilities to selectively capture foreign antigens and promptly engage T cells. Focusing on conventional DC2 (cDC2), we discuss the contribution of chemoattractant receptors (EBI2 or GPR183, S1PR1, and CCR7) and integrins to cDC2 positioning and function. We give particular attention to a newly identified role in cDC2 for adhesion G-protein coupled receptor E5 (Adgre5 or CD97) and its ligand CD55, detailing how this mechanosensing system contributes to splenic cDC2 positioning and homeostasis. Additional roles of CD97 in the immune system are reviewed. The ability of cDC2 to be activated by circulating missing self-CD47 cells and to integrate multiple red blood cell (RBC)-derived inputs is discussed. Finally, we describe the process of activated cDC2 migration to engage and prime helper T cells. Throughout the review, we consider the insights into cDC function in the spleen that have emerged from imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of California San Francisco California USA
| | - Lihui Duan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of California San Francisco California USA
| | - Jason G. Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of California San Francisco California USA
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Safaee MM, Wang EJ, Jain S, Chen JS, Gill S, Zheng AC, Garcia JH, Beniwal AS, Tran Y, Nguyen AT, Trieu M, Leung K, Wells J, Maclean JM, Wycoff K, Aghi MK. CD97 is associated with mitogenic pathway activation, metabolic reprogramming, and immune microenvironment changes in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1464. [PMID: 35087132 PMCID: PMC8795421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with a median survival under two years. Using in silico and in vitro techniques, we demonstrate heterogeneous expression of CD97, a leukocyte adhesion marker, in human GBM. Beyond its previous demonstrated role in tumor invasion, we show that CD97 is also associated with upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/Erk) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathways in GBM. While CD97 knockout decreased Akt activation, CD97 targeting did not alter MAPK/Erk activation, did not slow GBM cell proliferation in culture, and increased levels of glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation metabolites. Treatment with a soluble CD97 inhibitor did not alter activation of the MAPK/Erk and PI3K/Akt pathways. Tumors with high CD97 expression were associated with immune microenvironment changes including increased naïve macrophages, regulatory T cells, and resting natural killer (NK) cells. These data suggest that, while CD97 expression is associated with conflicting effects on tumor cell proliferative and metabolic pathways that overall do not affect tumor cell proliferation, CD97 exerts pro-tumoral effects on the tumor immune microenvironment, which along with the pro-invasive effects of CD97 we previously demonstrated, provides impetus to continue exploring CD97 as a therapeutic target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Safaee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Elaina J Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Saket Jain
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Jia-Shu Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Sabraj Gill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Allison C Zheng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Joseph H Garcia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Angad S Beniwal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Y Tran
- Planet Biotechnology, Inc., Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Alan T Nguyen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Melissa Trieu
- School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Kevin Leung
- School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Jim Wells
- School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA.
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Koltai T, Fliegel L. Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X211068826. [PMID: 35018864 PMCID: PMC8814827 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x211068826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid silymarin extracted from the seeds of Sylibum marianum is a mixture of 6 flavolignan isomers. The 3 more important isomers are silybin (or silibinin), silydianin, and silychristin. Silybin is functionally the most active of these compounds. This group of flavonoids has been extensively studied and they have been used as hepato-protective substances for the mushroom Amanita phalloides intoxication and mainly chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver. Hepatitis C progression is not, or slightly, modified by silymarin. Recently, it has also been proposed for SARS COVID-19 infection therapy. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of these substances in cancer are subjects of ongoing research. Paradoxically, many of its identified actions such as antioxidant, promoter of ribosomal synthesis, and mitochondrial membrane stabilization, may seem protumoral at first sight, however, silymarin compounds have clear anticancer effects. Some of them are: decreasing migration through multiple targeting, decreasing hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression, inducing apoptosis in some malignant cells, and inhibiting promitotic signaling among others. Interestingly, the antitumoral activity of silymarin compounds is limited to malignant cells while the nonmalignant cells seem not to be affected. Furthermore, there is a long history of silymarin use in human diseases without toxicity after prolonged administration. The ample distribution and easy accessibility to milk thistle-the source of silymarin compounds, its over the counter availability, the fact that it is a weed, some controversial issues regarding bioavailability, and being a nutraceutical rather than a drug, has somehow led medical professionals to view its anticancer effects with skepticism. This is a fundamental reason why it never achieved bedside status in cancer treatment. However, in spite of all the antitumoral effects, silymarin actually has dual effects and in some cases such as pancreatic cancer it can promote stemness. This review deals with recent investigations to elucidate the molecular actions of this flavonoid in cancer, and to consider the possibility of repurposing it. Particular attention is dedicated to silymarin's dual role in cancer and to some controversies of its real effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Hospital del Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rasheed SAK, Subramanyan LV, Lim WK, Udayappan UK, Wang M, Casey PJ. The emerging roles of Gα12/13 proteins on the hallmarks of cancer in solid tumors. Oncogene 2022; 41:147-158. [PMID: 34689178 PMCID: PMC8732267 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
G12 proteins comprise a subfamily of G-alpha subunits of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) that link specific cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to downstream signaling molecules and play important roles in human physiology. The G12 subfamily contains two family members: Gα12 and Gα13 (encoded by the GNA12 and GNA13 genes, respectively) and, as with all G proteins, their activity is regulated by their ability to bind to guanine nucleotides. Increased expression of both Gα12 and Gα13, and their enhanced signaling, has been associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression of multiple cancer types over the past decade. Despite these strong associations, Gα12/13 proteins are underappreciated in the field of cancer. As our understanding of G protein involvement in oncogenic signaling has evolved, it has become clear that Gα12/13 signaling is pleotropic and activates specific downstream effectors in different tumor types. Further, the expression of Gα12/13 proteins is regulated through a series of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, several of which are frequently deregulated in cancer. With the ever-increasing understanding of tumorigenic processes driven by Gα12/13 proteins, it is becoming clear that targeting Gα12/13 signaling in a context-specific manner could provide a new strategy to improve therapeutic outcomes in a number of solid tumors. In this review, we detail how Gα12/13 proteins, which were first discovered as proto-oncogenes, are now known to drive several "classical" hallmarks, and also play important roles in the "emerging" hallmarks, of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Kiang Lim
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Udhaya Kumari Udayappan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Mei Wang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Patrick J Casey
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Cancer Cells: What Makes LPA So Special? Cells 2021; 10:cells10082059. [PMID: 34440828 PMCID: PMC8394178 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) refers to a family of simple phospholipids that act as ligands for G protein-coupled receptors. While LPA exerts effects throughout the body in normal physiological circumstances, its pathological role in cancer is of great interest from a therapeutic viewpoint. The numerous LPA receptors (LPARs) are coupled to a variety of G proteins, and more than one LPAR is typically expressed on any given cell. While the individual receptors signal through conventional GPCR pathways, LPA is particularly efficacious in stimulating cancer cell proliferation and migration. This review addresses the mechanistic aspects underlying these pro-tumorigenic effects. We provide examples of LPA signaling responses in various types of cancers, with an emphasis on those where roles have been identified for specific LPARs. While providing an overview of LPAR signaling, these examples also reveal gaps in our knowledge regarding the mechanisms of LPA action at the receptor level. The current understanding of the LPAR structure and the roles of LPAR interactions with other receptors are discussed. Overall, LPARs provide insight into the potential molecular mechanisms that underlie the ability of individual GPCRs (or combinations of GPCRs) to elicit a unique spectrum of responses from their agonist ligands. Further knowledge of these mechanisms will inform drug discovery, since GPCRs are promising therapeutic targets for cancer.
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32
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Wang C, Jie J, Li D, Liu Y, Gao J, Song L. Clinical value of CD97 and CD55 levels in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26771. [PMID: 34397724 PMCID: PMC8322496 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the clinical levels of CD97 and CD55 for the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion.Pleural effusion samples were collected from 106 patients (55 tuberculous pleural effusions [TPE] and 51 malignant pleural effusions [MPE]). CD97 and CD55 levels in pleural effusions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.CD97 levels were significantly higher in the TPE group than in the MPE group (P < .001), while CD55 levels in the MPE group were significantly higher than the TPE group (P < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of CD97 testing for the differential diagnosis of TPE and MPE was 80.0% and 60.8%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of CD55 testing for TPE and MPE was 88.2% and 85.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of combinatorial CD97 and CD55 testing for TPE and MPE was 90.0% and 87.5%, respectively. Moreover, CD97 and CD55 were negatively correlated in the MPE group (r = -0.383, P = .005), while no correlations were observed in the TPE group. CD97 or CD55 showed no correlations with other inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein) in both groups (P > .05).CD97 and CD55 may be used as biological markers for the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Cadre's Wards, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Jie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinying Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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33
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Poll BG, Chen L, Chou CL, Raghuram V, Knepper MA. Landscape of GPCR expression along the mouse nephron. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F50-F68. [PMID: 34029142 PMCID: PMC8321805 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00077.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transport and other renal functions are regulated by multiple G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed along the renal tubule. The rapid, recent appearance of comprehensive unbiased gene expression data in the various renal tubule segments, chiefly RNA sequencing and protein mass spectrometry data, has provided a means of identifying patterns of GPCR expression along the renal tubule. To allow for comprehensive mapping, we first curated a comprehensive list of GPCRs in the genomes of mice, rats, and humans (https://hpcwebapps.cit.nih.gov/ESBL/Database/GPCRs/) using multiple online data sources. We used this list to mine segment-specific and cell type-specific expression data from RNA-sequencing studies in microdissected mouse tubule segments to identify GPCRs that are selectively expressed in discrete tubule segments. Comparisons of these mapped mouse GPCRs with other omics datasets as well as functional data from isolated perfused tubule and micropuncture studies confirmed patterns of expression for well-known receptors and identified poorly studied GPCRs that are likely to play roles in the regulation of renal tubule function. Thus, we provide data resources for GPCR expression across the renal tubule, highlighting both well-known GPCRs and understudied receptors to provide guidance for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Poll
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Genetic manipulation of adhesion GPCR CD97/ADGRE5 modulates invasion in patient-derived glioma stem cells. J Neurooncol 2021; 153:383-391. [PMID: 34028660 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective glioblastoma (GBM) treatment is limited by high invasiveness and heterogeneity. Current therapies target proliferating Glioma Stem Cell (GSC) subpopulations while sparing invading GSCs, which eventually engender tumor recurrence after treatment. Surface receptor CD97/ADRGE5 is associated with invasion and metastasis regulation in non-CNS cancers. Although CD97 expression level positively correlates with poor GBM patient prognosis, its role in this tumor is unclear. METHODS Here, we examined CD97 function in primary patient-derived GSCs (pdGSCs) obtained from five GBM tumors, belonging to three major genetic subtypes. We compared endogenous CD97 levels in pdGSCs to the corresponding patient MRI's radiographic invasion pattern aggressiveness. We manipulated CD97 levels in these pdGSCs by knockdown and overexpression and analyzed: (i) stem and subtype marker expression, (ii) in vitro invasive properties, and (iii) cell proliferation. RESULTS Endogenous CD97 levels in pdGSCs positively correlated with radiographic invasion pattern aggressiveness on patient MRIs, and in vitro invasion rate. CD97 knockdown decreased pdGSC invasion rates in vitro, most markedly in mesenchymal subtype pdGSCs, as well as classical subtype pdGSCs. Invasion rates in vitro increased after CD97 overexpression predominately in proneural subtype pdGSCs. In the pdGSC line with the lowest endogenous CD97 level, CD97 overexpression increased the proliferation rate almost threefold. CONCLUSIONS For the first time in pdGSCs, we have shown that CD97 knockdown decreases and overexpression increases invasion rate in vitro. The effect of CD97 on invasion is pdGSC subtype-dependent. Future in vivo and mechanistic studies are needed for validation. Pharmacologic CD97 inhibitors should be identified, as they may potentially therapeutically diminish GBM invasion.
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Favara DM, Liebscher I, Jazayeri A, Nambiar M, Sheldon H, Banham AH, Harris AL. Elevated expression of the adhesion GPCR ADGRL4/ELTD1 promotes endothelial sprouting angiogenesis without activating canonical GPCR signalling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8870. [PMID: 33893326 PMCID: PMC8065136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADGRL4/ELTD1 is an orphan adhesion GPCR (aGPCR) expressed in endothelial cells that regulates tumour angiogenesis. The majority of aGPCRs are orphan receptors. The Stachel Hypothesis proposes a mechanism for aGPCR activation, in which aGPCRs contain a tethered agonist (termed Stachel) C-terminal to the GPCR-proteolytic site (GPS) cleavage point which, when exposed, initiates canonical GPCR signalling. This has been shown in a growing number of aGPCRs. We tested this hypothesis on ADGRL4/ELTD1 by designing full length (FL) and C-terminal fragment (CTF) ADGRL4/ELTD1 constructs, and a range of potential Stachel peptides. Constructs were transfected into HEK293T cells and HTRF FRET, luciferase-reporter and Alphascreen GPCR signalling assays were performed. A stable ADGRL4/ELTD1 overexpressing HUVEC line was additionally generated and angiogenesis assays, signalling assays and transcriptional profiling were performed. ADGRL4/ELTD1 has the lowest GC content in the aGPCR family and codon optimisation significantly increased its expression. FL and CTF ADGRL4/ELTD1 constructs, as well as Stachel peptides, did not activate canonical GPCR signalling. Furthermore, stable overexpression of ADGRL4/ELTD1 in HUVECs induced sprouting angiogenesis, lowered in vitro anastomoses, and decreased proliferation, without activating canonical GPCR signalling or MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, JNK, JAK/HIF-1α, beta catenin or STAT3 pathways. Overexpression upregulated ANTXR1, SLC39A6, HBB, CHRNA, ELMOD1, JAG1 and downregulated DLL4, KIT, CCL15, CYP26B1. ADGRL4/ELTD1 specifically regulates the endothelial tip-cell phenotype through yet undefined signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Favara
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3BJ, UK.
- Department of Oncology and Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Department of Oncology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ali Jazayeri
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 3AX, UK
- OMass Therapeutics, Oxford, OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Madhulika Nambiar
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 3AX, UK
- Sosei Heptares, Cambridge, CB21 6DG, UK
| | - Helen Sheldon
- Department of Oncology and Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alison H Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology and Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Abstract
Background Members of the adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have received attention for their roles in health and disease, including cancer. Over the past decade, several members of the family have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Methods Here, we discuss the basic biology of adhesion GPCRs and review in detail specific members of the receptor family with known functions in glioblastoma. Finally, we discuss the potential use of adhesion GPCRs as novel treatment targets in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Stephan
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Niklas Ravn-Boess
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dimitris G Placantonakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Baxendale S, Asad A, Shahidan NO, Wiggin GR, Whitfield TT. The adhesion GPCR Adgrg6 (Gpr126): Insights from the zebrafish model. Genesis 2021; 59:e23417. [PMID: 33735533 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion GPCRs are important regulators of conserved developmental processes and represent an untapped pool of potential targets for drug discovery. The adhesion GPCR Adgrg6 (Gpr126) has critical developmental roles in Schwann cell maturation and inner ear morphogenesis in the zebrafish embryo. Mutations in the human ADGRG6 gene can result in severe deficits in peripheral myelination, and variants have been associated with many other disease conditions. Here, we review work on the zebrafish Adgrg6 signaling pathway and its potential as a disease model. Recent advances have been made in the analysis of the structure of the Adgrg6 receptor, demonstrating alternative structural conformations and the presence of a conserved calcium-binding site within the CUB domain of the extracellular region that is critical for receptor function. Homozygous zebrafish adgrg6 hypomorphic mutants have been used successfully as a whole-animal screening platform, identifying candidate molecules that can influence signaling activity and rescue mutant phenotypes. These compounds offer promise for further development as small molecule modulators of Adgrg6 pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Baxendale
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bateson Centre and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anzar Asad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bateson Centre and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nahal O Shahidan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bateson Centre and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Tanya T Whitfield
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bateson Centre and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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38
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Unraveling the Molecular Nexus between GPCRs, ERS, and EMT. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6655417. [PMID: 33746610 PMCID: PMC7943314 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a large family of transmembrane proteins that transduce an external stimulus into a variety of cellular responses. They play a critical role in various pathological conditions in humans, including cancer, by regulating a number of key processes involved in tumor formation and progression. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in promoting cancer cell invasion and tumor dissemination leading to metastasis, an often intractable state of the disease. Uncontrolled proliferation and persistent metabolism of cancer cells also induce oxidative stress, hypoxia, and depletion of growth factors and nutrients. These disturbances lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induce a cellular condition called ER stress (ERS) which is counteracted by activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Many GPCRs modulate ERS and UPR signaling via ERS sensors, IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6, to support cancer cell survival and inhibit cell death. By regulating downstream signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and Wnt/β-catenin, GPCRs also upregulate mesenchymal transcription factors including Snail, ZEB, and Twist superfamilies which regulate cell polarity, cytoskeleton remodeling, migration, and invasion. Likewise, ERS-induced UPR upregulates gene transcription and expression of proteins related to EMT enhancing tumor aggressiveness. Though GPCRs are attractive therapeutic targets in cancer biology, much less is known about their roles in regulating ERS and EMT. Here, we will discuss the interplay in GPCR-ERS linked to the EMT process of cancer cells, with a particular focus on oncogenes and molecular signaling pathways.
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Zhang D, Wang Y, Lin H, Sun Y, Wang M, Jia Y, Yu X, Jiang H, Xu W, Sun JP, Xu Z. Function and therapeutic potential of G protein-coupled receptors in epididymis. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5489-5508. [PMID: 32901914 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility rates for both females and males have increased continuously in recent years. Currently, effective treatments for male infertility with defined mechanisms or targets are still lacking. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of drug targets, but their functions and the implications for the therapeutic development for male infertility largely remain elusive. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that several members of the GPCR superfamily play crucial roles in the maintenance of ion-water homeostasis of the epididymis, development of the efferent ductules, formation of the blood-epididymal barrier and maturation of sperm. Knowledge of the functions, genetic variations and working mechanisms of such GPCRs, along with the drugs and ligands relevant to their specific functions, provide future directions and a great arsenal for new developments in the treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingli Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Tanase C, Gheorghisan-Galateanu AA, Popescu ID, Mihai S, Codrici E, Albulescu R, Hinescu ME. CD36 and CD97 in Pancreatic Cancer versus Other Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5656. [PMID: 32781778 PMCID: PMC7460590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Starting from the recent identification of CD36 and CD97 as a novel marker combination of fibroblast quiescence in lung during fibrosis, we aimed to survey the literature in search for facts about the separate (or concomitant) expression of clusters of differentiation CD36 and CD97 in either tumor- or pancreatic-cancer-associated cells. Here, we provide an account of the current knowledge on the diversity of the cellular functions of CD36 and CD97 and explore their potential (common) contributions to key cellular events in oncogenesis or metastasis development. Emphasis is placed on quiescence as an underexplored mechanism and/or potential target in therapy. Furthermore, we discuss intricate signaling mechanisms and networks involving CD36 and CD97 that may regulate different subpopulations of tumor-associated cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocyte-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, or neutrophils, during aggressive pancreatic cancer. The coexistence of quiescence and activated states in cancer-associated cell subtypes during pancreatic cancer should be better documented, in different histological forms. Remodeling of the local microenvironment may also change the balance between growth and dormant state. Taking advantage of the reported data in different other tissue types, we explore the possibility to induce quiescence (similar to that observed in normal cells), as a therapeutic option to delay the currently observed clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 001863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ancuta-Augustina Gheorghisan-Galateanu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Str., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- ‘C.I. Parhon’ National Institute of Endocrinology, 001863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Simona Mihai
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Elena Codrici
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Radu Albulescu
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
- National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D, 001863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail Eugen Hinescu
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.D.P.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (R.A.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Str., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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Vizurraga A, Adhikari R, Yeung J, Yu M, Tall GG. Mechanisms of adhesion G protein-coupled receptor activation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14065-14083. [PMID: 32763969 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.007423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (AGPCRs) are a thirty-three-member subfamily of Class B GPCRs that control a wide array of physiological processes and are implicated in disease. AGPCRs uniquely contain large, self-proteolyzing extracellular regions that range from hundreds to thousands of residues in length. AGPCR autoproteolysis occurs within the extracellular GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain that is proximal to the N terminus of the G protein-coupling seven-transmembrane-spanning bundle. GAIN domain-mediated self-cleavage is constitutive and produces two-fragment holoreceptors that remain bound at the cell surface. It has been of recent interest to understand how AGPCRs are activated in relation to their two-fragment topologies. Dissociation of the AGPCR fragments stimulates G protein signaling through the action of the tethered-peptide agonist stalk that is occluded within the GAIN domain in the holoreceptor form. AGPCRs can also signal independently of fragment dissociation, and a few receptors possess GAIN domains incapable of self-proteolysis. This has resulted in complex theories as to how these receptors are activated in vivo, complicating pharmacological advances. Currently, there is no existing structure of an activated AGPCR to support any of the theories. Further confounding AGPCR research is that many of the receptors remain orphans and lack identified activating ligands. In this review, we provide a detailed layout of the current theorized modes of AGPCR activation with discussion of potential parallels to mechanisms used by other GPCR classes. We provide a classification means for the ligands that have been identified and discuss how these ligands may activate AGPCRs in physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vizurraga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rashmi Adhikari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maiya Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory G Tall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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42
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Bondarev AD, Attwood MM, Jonsson J, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Schiöth HB. Opportunities and challenges for drug discovery in modulating Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) functions. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1291-1307. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1791075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D. Bondarev
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Misty M. Attwood
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir N. Chubarev
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Tarasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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43
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Gong C, Hu Y, Zhou M, Yao M, Ning Z, Wang Z, Ren J. Identification of specific modules and hub genes associated with the progression of gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1269-1277. [PMID: 30805585 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Abundant literature has reported several individual genes and their related pathways intimately involved in tumor progression. However, little is known about GC progression at the gene network level. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of pathological transition from early stage to late stage is urgently needed. This study aims to identify potential vital genes and modules involved in the progression of GC. To understand the gene regulatory network of GC progression, we analyzed micro RNAs and messenger RNA s expression profiles by using a couple of bioinformatics tools. miR-205 was identified by differentially expressed analysis and was further confirmed through using multiple kernel learning-based Kronecker regularized least squares. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, the gastric cancer progression-related module, which has the highest correlation value with cancer progression, was obtained. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and biological processes of the GCPR module genes were related to cell adhesion. Meanwhile, large-scale genes of GCPR module were found to be targeted by miR-205, including two hub genes SORBS1 and LPAR1. In brief, through multiple analytical methods, we found that miR-205 and the GCPR module play critical roles in GC progression. In addition, miR-205 might maintain cell adhesion by regulating SORBS1 and LPAR1. To screen the potential drug candidates, the gene expression profile of the GCPR module was mapped connectivity map (Cmap), and the mTOR inhibitor (Sirolimus) was found to be the most promising candidate. We further confirmed that Sirolimus can suppress cell proliferation of GC cell in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Gong
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maojin Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zhengxiang Ning
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Maser RL, Calvet JP. Adhesion GPCRs as a paradigm for understanding polycystin-1 G protein regulation. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109637. [PMID: 32305667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycystin-1, whose mutation is the most frequent cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, is an extremely large and multi-faceted membrane protein whose primary or proximal cyst-preventing function remains undetermined. Accumulating evidence supports the idea that modulation of cellular signaling by heterotrimeric G proteins is a critical function of polycystin-1. The presence of a cis-autocatalyzed, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) proteolytic cleavage site, or GPS, in its extracellular N-terminal domain immediately preceding the first transmembrane domain is one of the notable conserved features of the polycystin-1-like protein family, and also of the family of cell adhesion GPCRs. Adhesion GPCRs are one of five families within the GPCR superfamily and are distinguished by a large N-terminal extracellular region consisting of multiple adhesion modules with a GPS-containing GAIN domain and bimodal functions in cell adhesion and signal transduction. Recent advances from studies of adhesion GPCRs provide a new paradigm for unraveling the mechanisms by which polycystin-1-associated G protein signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease. This review highlights the structural and functional features shared by polycystin-1 and the adhesion GPCRs and discusses the implications of such similarities for our further understanding of the functions of this complicated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Maser
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA; Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
| | - James P Calvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA; Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
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45
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Shang H, Zhao J, Yao J, Wang H, Dong J, Liao L. Nevirapine Increases Sodium/Iodide Symporter-Mediated Radioiodide Uptake by Activation of TSHR/cAMP/CREB/PAX8 Signaling Pathway in Dedifferentiated Thyroid Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:404. [PMID: 32300552 PMCID: PMC7145398 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nevirapine has been proved to be effective in inducing re-differentiation and suppressing tumor growth in several tumor cells. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of nevirapine in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (DeTC), which refractory to radioiodine treatment and the underlying mechanisms. The results indicated that nevirapine significantly inhibited the proliferation and increased the expressions of thyroid differentiation-related genes, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and transcriptional factor paired box 8 (PAX8) in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer cells (WRO 82-1 and dFTC-133). Furthermore, nevirapine also enhanced radioiodide uptake significantly both in vitro and in vivo, and inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors. Nevirapine might improve radioiodine sensitivity via the activation of TSHR/cAMP/CREB/PAX8 signaling pathway. This study demonstrates that nevirapine could be potentially used to improve radioiodine therapeutic efficacy in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Shang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Ji-nan, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Ji-nan, China
| | - Huanjun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Ji-nan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Ji-nan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji-nan, China
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46
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G Protein-Coupling of Adhesion GPCRs ADGRE2/EMR2 and ADGRE5/CD97, and Activation of G Protein Signalling by an Anti-EMR2 Antibody. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1004. [PMID: 31969668 PMCID: PMC6976652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental evidence that Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors (aGPCRs) functionally couple to heterotrimeric G proteins has been emerging in incremental steps, but attributing biological significance to their G protein signalling function still presents a major challenge. Here, utilising activated truncated forms of the receptors, we show that ADGRE2/EMR2 and ADGRE5/CD97 are G protein-coupled in a variety of recombinant systems. In a yeast-based assay, where heterologous GPCRs are coupled to chimeric G proteins, EMR2 showed broad G protein-coupling, whereas CD97 coupled more specifically to Gα12, Gα13, Gα14 and Gαz chimeras. Both receptors induced pertussis-toxin (PTX) insensitive inhibition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in mammalian cells, suggesting coupling to Gαz. EMR2 was shown to signal via Gα16, and via a Gα16/Gαz chimera, to stimulate IP1 accumulation. Finally, using an NFAT reporter assay, we identified a polyclonal antibody that activates EMR2 G protein signalling in vitro. Our results highlight the potential for the development of soluble agonists to understand further the biological effects and therapeutic opportunities for ADGRE receptor-mediated G protein signalling.
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47
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Gad AA, Balenga N. The Emerging Role of Adhesion GPCRs in Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:29-42. [PMID: 32259086 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression, function, and mutation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their signaling partners, G proteins, have been well documented in many forms of cancer. These cell surface receptors and their endogenous ligands are implicated in all aspects of cancer including proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) form the second largest family of GPCRs, most of which are orphan receptors with unknown physiological functions. This is mainly due to our limited insight into their structure, natural ligands, signaling pathways, and tissue expression profiles. Nevertheless, recent studies show that aGPCRs play important roles in cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and cell-cell communication, processes that are dysregulated in cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that aGPCRs are implicated in migration, proliferation, and survival of tumor cells. We here review the role of aGPCRs in the five most common types of cancer (lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, and gastric) and emphasize the importance of further translational studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub A Gad
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States.,Division of General & Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States
| | - Nariman Balenga
- Division of General & Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States.,Molecular and Structural Biology program at University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States
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48
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Xu X, Wang Y, Mojumdar K, Zhou Z, Jeong KJ, Mangala LS, Yu S, Tsang YH, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lu Y, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Mills GB, Liang H. A-to-I-edited miRNA-379-5p inhibits cancer cell proliferation through CD97-induced apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:5343-5356. [PMID: 31682236 PMCID: PMC6877318 DOI: 10.1172/jci123396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Both miRNAs and A-to-I RNA editing, a widespread nucleotide modification mechanism, have recently emerged as key players in cancer pathophysiology. However, the functional impact of RNA editing of miRNAs in cancer remains largely unexplored. Here, we focused on an ADAR2-catalyzed RNA editing site within the miR-379-5p seed region. This site was under-edited in tumors relative to normal tissues, with a high editing level being correlated with better patient survival times across cancer types. We demonstrated that in contrast to wild-type miRNA, edited miR-379-5p inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in diverse tumor contexts in vitro, which was due to the ability of edited but not wild-type miR-379-5p to target CD97. Importantly, through nanoliposomal delivery, edited miR-379-5p mimics significantly inhibited tumor growth and extended survival of mice. Our study indicates a role of RNA editing in diversifying miRNA function during cancer progression and highlights the translational potential of edited miRNAs as a new class of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kamalika Mojumdar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Systems Biology
| | | | - Lingegowda S. Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, and
- Center for RNA Interference and Non–Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Yiu Huen Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non–Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, and
- Center for RNA Interference and Non–Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Systems Biology
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49
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Deregulated Lysophosphatidic Acid Metabolism and Signaling in Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111626. [PMID: 31652837 PMCID: PMC6893780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to late diagnosis and scarcity of treatment options. The major risk factor for liver cancer is cirrhosis with the underlying causes of cirrhosis being viral infection (hepatitis B or C), metabolic deregulation (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the presence of obesity and diabetes), alcohol or cholestatic disorders. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid with numerous effects, most of them compatible with the hallmarks of cancer (proliferation, migration, invasion, survival, evasion of apoptosis, deregulated metabolism, neoangiogenesis, etc.). Autotaxin (ATX) is the enzyme responsible for the bulk of extracellular LPA production, and together with LPA signaling is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, fibrosis and cancer. This review discusses the most important findings and the mechanisms related to ATX/LPA/LPAR involvement on metabolic, viral and cholestatic liver disorders and their progression to liver cancer in the context of human patients and mouse models. It focuses on the role of ATX/LPA in NAFLD development and its progression to liver cancer as NAFLD has an increasing incidence which is associated with the increasing incidence of liver cancer. Bearing in mind that adipose tissue accounts for the largest amount of LPA production, many studies have implicated LPA in adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation, liver steatosis, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and lipogenesis. At the same time, LPA and ATX play crucial roles in fibrotic diseases. Given that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually developed on the background of liver fibrosis, therapies that both delay the progression of fibrosis and prevent its development to malignancy would be very promising. Therefore, ATX/LPA signaling appears as an attractive therapeutic target as evidenced by the fact that it is involved in both liver fibrosis progression and liver cancer development.
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San Juan BP, Garcia-Leon MJ, Rangel L, Goetz JG, Chaffer CL. The Complexities of Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1575. [PMID: 31623163 PMCID: PMC6826702 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies that prevent metastatic dissemination and tumor growth in secondary organs are severely lacking. A better understanding of the mechanisms that drive metastasis will lead to improved therapies that increase patient survival. Within a tumor, cancer cells are equipped with different phenotypic and functional capacities that can impact their ability to complete the metastatic cascade. That phenotypic heterogeneity can be derived from a combination of factors, in which the genetic make-up, interaction with the environment, and ability of cells to adapt to evolving microenvironments and mechanical forces play a major role. In this review, we discuss the specific properties of those cancer cell subgroups and the mechanisms that confer or restrict their capacity to metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz P San Juan
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia.
| | - Maria J Garcia-Leon
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Laura Rangel
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christine L Chaffer
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia.
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