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Premachandran S, Haldavnekar R, Ganesh S, Das S, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. Self-Functionalized Superlattice Nanosensor Enables Glioblastoma Diagnosis Using Liquid Biopsy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19832-19852. [PMID: 37824714 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and lethal brain cancer, is detected only in the advanced stage, resulting in a median survival rate of 15 months. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish GBM diagnosis tools to identify the tumor accurately. The clinical relevance of the current liquid biopsy techniques for GBM diagnosis remains mostly undetermined, owing to the challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that restricts biomarkers entering the circulation, resulting in the unavailability of clinically validated circulating GBM markers. GBM-specific liquid biopsy for diagnosis and prognosis of GBM has not yet been developed. Here, we introduce extracellular vesicles of GBM cancer stem cells (GBM CSC-EVs) as a previously unattempted, stand-alone GBM diagnosis modality. As GBM CSCs are fundamental building blocks of tumor initiation and recurrence, it is desirable to investigate these reliable signals of malignancy in circulation for accurate GBM diagnosis. So far, there are no clinically validated circulating biomarkers available for GBM. Therefore, a marker-free approach was essential since conventional liquid biopsy relying on isolation methodology was not viable. Additionally, a mechanism capable of trace-level detection was crucial to detecting the rare GBM CSC-EVs from the complex environment in circulation. To break these barriers, we applied an ultrasensitive superlattice sensor, self-functionalized for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), to obtain holistic molecular profiling of GBM CSC-EVs with a marker-free approach. The superlattice sensor exhibited substantial SERS enhancement and ultralow limit of detection (LOD of attomolar 10-18 M concentration) essential for trace-level detection of invisible GBM CSC-EVs directly from patient serum (without isolation). We detected as low as 5 EVs in 5 μL of solution, achieving the lowest LOD compared to existing SERS-based studies. We have experimentally demonstrated the crucial role of the signals of GBM CSC-EVs in the precise detection of glioblastoma. This was evident from the unique molecular profiles of GBM CSC-EVs demonstrating significant variation compared to noncancer EVs and EVs of GBM cancer cells, thus adding more clarity to the current understanding of GBM CSC-EVs. Preliminary validation of our approach was undertaken with a small amount of peripheral blood (5 μL) derived from GBM patients with 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity. Identification of the signals of GBM CSC-EV in clinical sera specimens demonstrated that our technology could be used for accurate GBM detection. Our technology has the potential to improve GBM liquid biopsy, including real-time surveillance of GBM evolution in patients upon clinical validation. This demonstration of liquid biopsy with GBM CSC-EV provides an opportunity to introduce a paradigm potentially impacting the current landscape of GBM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Premachandran
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University) and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano Characterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Rupa Haldavnekar
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University) and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano Characterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Swarna Ganesh
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University) and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano Characterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Sunit Das
- Scientist, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University) and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Bo Tan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University) and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
- Nano Characterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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De Bacco F, Orzan F, Crisafulli G, Prelli M, Isella C, Casanova E, Albano R, Reato G, Erriquez J, D'Ambrosio A, Panero M, Dall'Aglio C, Casorzo L, Cominelli M, Pagani F, Melcarne A, Zeppa P, Altieri R, Morra I, Cassoni P, Garbossa D, Cassisa A, Bartolini A, Pellegatta S, Comoglio PM, Finocchiaro G, Poliani PL, Boccaccio C. Coexisting cancer stem cells with heterogeneous gene amplifications, transcriptional profiles, and malignancy are isolated from single glioblastomas. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112816. [PMID: 37505981 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is known as an intractable, highly heterogeneous tumor encompassing multiple subclones, each supported by a distinct glioblastoma stem cell (GSC). The contribution of GSC genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity to tumor subclonal properties is debated. In this study, we describe the systematic derivation, propagation, and characterization of multiple distinct GSCs from single, treatment-naive GBMs (GSC families). The tumorigenic potential of each GSC better correlates with its transcriptional profile than its genetic make-up, with classical GSCs being inherently more aggressive and mesenchymal more dependent on exogenous growth factors across multiple GBMs. These GSCs can segregate and recapitulate different histopathological aspects of the same GBM, as shown in a paradigmatic tumor with two histopathologically distinct components, including a conventional GBM and a more aggressive primitive neuronal component. This study provides a resource for investigating how GSCs with distinct genetic and/or phenotypic features contribute to individual GBM heterogeneity and malignant escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Bacco
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesca Orzan
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Marta Prelli
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Claudio Isella
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Casanova
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Raffaella Albano
- Core Facilities, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gigliola Reato
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Jessica Erriquez
- Core Facilities, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Mara Panero
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carmine Dall'Aglio
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Laura Casorzo
- Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Manuela Cominelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Melcarne
- Neurosurgery Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Zeppa
- Neurosurgery Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Altieri
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Morra
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Neurosurgery Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Cassisa
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alice Bartolini
- Core Facilities, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Serena Pellegatta
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Brain Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo M Comoglio
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pietro L Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy.
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Salvatori L, Malatesta S, Illi B, Somma MP, Fionda C, Stabile H, Fontanella RA, Gaetano C. Nitric Oxide Prevents Glioblastoma Stem Cells' Expansion and Induces Temozolomide Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11286. [PMID: 37511047 PMCID: PMC10379318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has high mortality and recurrence rates. Malignancy resilience is ascribed to Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs), which are resistant to Temozolomide (TMZ), the gold standard for GBM post-surgical treatment. However, Nitric Oxide (NO) has demonstrated anti-cancer efficacy in GBM cells, but its potential impact on GSCs remains unexplored. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of NO, both alone and in combination with TMZ, on patient-derived GSCs. Experimentally selected concentrations of diethylenetriamine/NO adduct and TMZ were used through a time course up to 21 days of treatment, to evaluate GSC proliferation and death, functional recovery, and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed treatment-induced effects in cell cycle and DNA damage occurrence and repair. Our results showed that NO impairs self-renewal, disrupts cell-cycle progression, and expands the quiescent cells' population. Consistently, NO triggered a significant but tolerated level of DNA damage, but not apoptosis. Interestingly, NO/TMZ cotreatment further inhibited cell cycle progression, augmented G0 cells, induced cell death, but also enhanced DNA damage repair activity. These findings suggest that, although NO administration does not eliminate GSCs, it stunts their proliferation, and makes cells susceptible to TMZ. The resulting cytostatic effect may potentially allow long-term control over the GSCs' subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Salvatori
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Malatesta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Patrizia Somma
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Dong H, Lin W, Du L, Yao Z, Luo Y, Li F, Chen S, Huang Y, Ren H, Cai S, Chen Y, Tang H, Qiu X, Pan Y, Huang X, Zhang D, Gao S, Yeung SCJ, Zhang H. PTPRO suppresses lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma by dephosphorylating MET. Cancer Lett 2023:216283. [PMID: 37331584 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type O (PTPRO) is a membrane-bound tyrosine phosphatase. Notably, epigenetically silenced PTPRO due to promoter hypermethylation is frequently linked to malignancies. In this study, we used cellular and animal models, and patient samples to demonstrate that PTPRO can suppress the metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Mechanistically, PTPRO can inhibit MET-mediated metastasis by dephosphorylating Y1234/1235 in the kinase activation loop of MET. Patients with PTPROlow/p-METhigh had significantly poor prognosis, suggesting that PTPROlow/p-METhigh can serve as an independent prognostic factor for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Dong
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, And Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, And Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Du
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, And Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, And Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, And Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, And Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yichen Luo
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, And Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, And Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuanglong Chen
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, And Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, And Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiteng Huang
- Health Care Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzheng Ren
- Department of Pathology, Gongli Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Songwang Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yexi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Heyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofu Qiu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shegan Gao
- College of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Luoyang, Henan, China.
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, And Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, And Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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5
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The "Superoncogene" Myc at the Crossroad between Metabolism and Gene Expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044217. [PMID: 36835628 PMCID: PMC9966483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of the Myc (c-myc, n-myc, l-myc) oncogene as a canonical, DNA-bound transcription factor has consistently changed over the past few years. Indeed, Myc controls gene expression programs at multiple levels: directly binding chromatin and recruiting transcriptional coregulators; modulating the activity of RNA polymerases (RNAPs); and drawing chromatin topology. Therefore, it is evident that Myc deregulation in cancer is a dramatic event. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal, still incurable, brain cancer in adults, and it is characterized in most cases by Myc deregulation. Metabolic rewiring typically occurs in cancer cells, and GBM undergoes profound metabolic changes to supply increased energy demand. In nontransformed cells, Myc tightly controls metabolic pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. Consistently, in Myc-overexpressing cancer cells, including GBM cells, these highly controlled metabolic routes are affected by enhanced Myc activity and show substantial alterations. On the other hand, deregulated cancer metabolism impacts Myc expression and function, placing Myc at the intersection between metabolic pathway activation and gene expression. In this review paper, we summarize the available information on GBM metabolism with a specific focus on the control of the Myc oncogene that, in turn, rules the activation of metabolic signals, ensuring GBM growth.
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Scagnoli F, Palma A, Favia A, Scuoppo C, Illi B, Nasi S. A New Insight into MYC Action: Control of RNA Polymerase II Methylation and Transcription Termination. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020412. [PMID: 36830948 PMCID: PMC9952900 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC oncoprotein deregulation is a common catastrophic event in human cancer and limiting its activity restrains tumor development and maintenance, as clearly shown via Omomyc, an MYC-interfering 90 amino acid mini-protein. MYC is a multifunctional transcription factor that regulates many aspects of transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), such as transcription activation, pause release, and elongation. MYC directly associates with Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a protein that methylates a variety of targets, including RNAPII at the arginine residue R1810 (R1810me2s), crucial for proper transcription termination and splicing of transcripts. Therefore, we asked whether MYC controls termination as well, by affecting R1810me2S. We show that MYC overexpression strongly increases R1810me2s, while Omomyc, an MYC shRNA, or a PRMT5 inhibitor and siRNA counteract this phenomenon. Omomyc also impairs Serine 2 phosphorylation in the RNAPII carboxyterminal domain, a modification that sustains transcription elongation. ChIP-seq experiments show that Omomyc replaces MYC and reshapes RNAPII distribution, increasing occupancy at promoter and termination sites. It is unclear how this may affect gene expression. Transcriptomic analysis shows that transcripts pivotal to key signaling pathways are both up- or down-regulated by Omomyc, whereas genes directly controlled by MYC and belonging to a specific signature are strongly down-regulated. Overall, our data point to an MYC/PRMT5/RNAPII axis that controls termination via RNAPII symmetrical dimethylation and contributes to rewiring the expression of genes altered by MYC overexpression in cancer cells. It remains to be clarified which role this may have in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Scagnoli
- IBPM—CNR, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (B.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Alessandro Palma
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Favia
- IBPM—CNR, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Scuoppo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Barbara Illi
- IBPM—CNR, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (B.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Sergio Nasi
- IBPM—CNR, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (B.I.); (S.N.)
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7
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Cecchi F, Rex K, Schmidt J, Vocke CD, Lee YH, Burkett S, Baker D, Damore MA, Coxon A, Burgess TL, Bottaro DP. Rilotumumab Resistance Acquired by Intracrine Hepatocyte Growth Factor Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:460. [PMID: 36672409 PMCID: PMC9857108 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a long-standing impediment to effective systemic cancer therapy and acquired drug resistance is a growing problem for molecularly-targeted therapeutics that otherwise have shown unprecedented successes in disease control. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/Met receptor pathway signaling is frequently involved in cancer and has been a subject of targeted drug development for nearly 30 years. To anticipate and study specific resistance mechanisms associated with targeting this pathway, we engineered resistance to the HGF-neutralizing antibody rilotumumab in glioblastoma cells harboring autocrine HGF/Met signaling, a frequent abnormality of this brain cancer in humans. We found that rilotumumab resistance was acquired through an unusual mechanism comprising dramatic HGF overproduction and misfolding, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-response signaling and redirected vesicular trafficking that effectively sequestered rilotumumab and misfolded HGF from native HGF and activated Met. Amplification of MET and HGF genes, with evidence of rapidly acquired intron-less, reverse-transcribed copies in DNA, was also observed. These changes enabled persistent Met pathway activation and improved cell survival under stress conditions. Point mutations in the HGF pathway or other complementary or downstream growth regulatory cascades that are frequently associated with targeted drug resistance in other prevalent cancer types were not observed. Although resistant cells were significantly more malignant, they retained sensitivity to Met kinase inhibition and acquired sensitivity to inhibition of ER stress signaling and cholesterol biosynthesis. Defining this mechanism reveals details of a rapidly acquired yet highly-orchestrated multisystem route of resistance to a selective molecularly-targeted agent and suggests strategies for early detection and effective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Cecchi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen Rex
- Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | | | - Cathy D. Vocke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young H. Lee
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandra Burkett
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Donald P. Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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8
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Chiriaco C, Donini C, Cortese M, Ughetto S, Modica C, Martinelli I, Proment A, Vitali L, Fontani L, Casucci M, Comoglio PM, Giordano S, Sangiolo D, Leuci V, Vigna E. Efficacy of CAR-T immunotherapy in MET overexpressing tumors not eligible for anti-MET targeted therapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:309. [PMID: 36271379 PMCID: PMC9585715 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Aberrant activation of the MET receptor in cancer is sustained by genetic alterations or, more frequently, by transcriptional upregulations. A fraction of MET-amplified or mutated tumors are sensible to MET targeting agents, but their responsiveness is typically short-lasting, as secondary resistance eventually occurs. Since in the absence of genetic alterations MET is usually not a tumor driver, MET overexpressing tumors are not/poorly responsive to MET targeted therapies. Consequently, the vast majority of tumors exhibiting MET activation still represent an unmet medical need. Methods Here we propose an immunotherapy strategy based on T lymphocytes expressing a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) targeting MET overexpressing tumors of different histotypes. We engineered two different MET-CAR constructs and tested MET-CAR-T cell cytotoxic activity against different MET overexpressing models, including tumor cell lines, primary cancer cells, organoids, and xenografts in immune-deficient mice. Results We proved that MET-CAR-T exerted a specific cytotoxic activity against MET expressing cells. Cell killing was proportional to the level of MET expressed on the cell surface. While CAR-T cytotoxicity was minimal versus cells carrying MET at physiological levels, essentially sparing normal cells, the activity versus MET overexpressing tumors was robust, significantly controlling tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Notably, MET-CAR-T cells were also able to brake acquired resistance to MET targeting agents in MET amplified cancer cells carrying secondary mutations in downstream signal transducers. Conclusions We set and validated at the pre-clinical level a MET-CAR immunotherapy strategy potentially beneficial for cancers not eligible for MET targeted therapy with inhibitory molecules, including those exhibiting primary or secondary resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02479-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chiriaco
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,Present address: Anemocyte S.r.l., 21040 Gerenzano, VA Italy
| | - Chiara Donini
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Cortese
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Ughetto
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy ,Present address: Bios-Therapy, Physiological System for Health S.p.A, 52037 Sansepolcro, AR Italy
| | - Chiara Modica
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Present address: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Martinelli
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy
| | - Alessia Proment
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Letizia Vitali
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lara Fontani
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy
| | - Monica Casucci
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Comoglio
- grid.7678.e0000 0004 1757 7797IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Leuci
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy
| | - Elisa Vigna
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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9
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MEOX2 Regulates the Growth and Survival of Glioblastoma Stem Cells by Modulating Genes of the Glycolytic Pathway and Response to Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092304. [PMID: 35565433 PMCID: PMC9099809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most common incurable primary brain tumor in adults, typically leading to death within 15 months of diagnosis. Although there is an ongoing debate in the scientific community about the precise cellular origin of this tumor, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), which are able to self-renew, yield a full tumor mass, and determine chemo- and radio-resistance, are recognized to have a pivotal role. Our research aims to understand the role of the mesenchyme homeobox 2 (MEOX2) transcription factor in GSCs where it is strongly and specifically expressed. We have found that MEOX2 is indeed important for the survival of these cells. In fact, when we reduce its expression in two different GSC lines, they undergo a massive death accompanied by the inhibition of key genes of the glycolytic metabolism, the main source of energy for these cells. Our results reveal a novel function for MEOX2 in glioblastoma and suggest a mechanism through which GSCs may survive even in unfavorable conditions. Abstract The most widely accepted hypothesis for the development of glioblastoma suggests that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are crucially involved in tumor initiation and recurrence as well as in the occurrence of chemo- and radio-resistance. Mesenchyme homeobox 2 (MEOX2) is a transcription factor overexpressed in glioblastoma, whose expression is negatively correlated with patient survival. Starting from our observation that MEOX2 expression is strongly enhanced in six GSC lines, we performed shRNA-mediated knock-down experiments in two different GSC lines and found that MEOX2 depletion resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and sphere-forming ability and an increase in apoptotic cell death. By a deep transcriptome analysis, we identified a core group of genes modulated in response to MEOX2 knock-down. Among these genes, the repressed ones are largely enriched in genes involved in the hypoxic response and glycolytic pathway, two strictly related pathways that contribute to the resistance of high-grade gliomas to therapies. An in silico study of the regulatory regions of genes differentially expressed by MEOX2 knock-down revealed that they mainly consisted of GC-rich regions enriched for Sp1 and Klf4 binding motifs, two main regulators of metabolism in glioblastoma. Our results show, for the first time, the involvement of MEOX2 in the regulation of genes of GSC metabolism, which is essential for the survival and growth of these cells.
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10
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Grundy M, Narendran A. The hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal epithelial transition factor axis in high-risk pediatric solid tumors and the anti-tumor activity of targeted therapeutic agents. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:910268. [PMID: 36034555 PMCID: PMC9399617 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.910268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials completed in the last two decades have contributed significantly to the improved overall survival of children with cancer. In spite of these advancements, disease relapse still remains a significant cause of death in this patient population. Often, increasing the intensity of current protocols is not feasible because of cumulative toxicity and development of drug resistance. Therefore, the identification and clinical validation of novel targets in high-risk and refractory childhood malignancies are essential to develop effective new generation treatment protocols. A number of recent studies have shown that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) influence the growth, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore, the c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase and HGF have been identified as potential targets for cancer therapeutics and recent years have seen a race to synthesize molecules to block their expression and function. In this review we aim to summarize the literature that explores the potential and biological rationale for targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway in common and high-risk pediatric solid tumors. We also discuss selected recent and ongoing clinical trials with these agents in relapsed pediatric tumors that may provide applicable future treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Grundy
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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11
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Yang X, Liao HY, Zhang HH. Roles of MET in human cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 525:69-83. [PMID: 34951962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The MET proto-oncogene was first identified in osteosarcoma cells exposed to carcinogens. Although expressed in many normal cells, MET is overexpressed in many human cancers. MET is involved in the initiation and development of various human cancers and mediates proliferation, migration and invasion. Accordingly, MET has been successfully used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis, survival, post-operative recurrence, risk assessment and pathologic grading, as well as a therapeutic target. In addition, recent work indicates that inhibition of MET expression and function has potential clinical benefit. This review summarizes the role, mechanism, and clinical significance of MET in the formation and development of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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12
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Mizuno M, Khaledian B, Maeda M, Hayashi T, Mizuno S, Munetsuna E, Watanabe T, Kono S, Okada S, Suzuki M, Takao S, Minami H, Asai N, Sugiyama F, Takahashi S, Shimono Y. Adipsin-Dependent Secretion of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Regulates the Adipocyte-Cancer Stem Cell Interaction. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164238. [PMID: 34439392 PMCID: PMC8393397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity, which is characterized by the excess of adipose tissue, is associated with an increased risk of multiple cancers. We have previously reported that adipsin, a secreted factor from adipocytes, enhances cancer cell proliferation and stem cell properties. In this study, we found that adipsin affected adipocytes themselves and enhanced their secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). We found that HGF enhanced the adipocyte-cancer cell interactions as a downstream effector of adipsin. Understanding the adipocyte-cancer cell interaction will provide a novel strategy to treat cancers whose initiation, invasion, and metastatic progression are associated with adipose tissues. Abstract Adipose tissue is a component of the tumor microenvironment and is involved in tumor progression. We have previously shown that adipokine adipsin (CFD) functions as an enhancer of tumor proliferation and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties in breast cancers. We established the Cfd-knockout (KO) mice and the mammary adipose tissue-derived stem cells (mADSCs) from them. Cfd-KO in mADSCs significantly reduced their ability to enhance tumorsphere formation of breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells, which was restored by the addition of Cfd in the culture medium. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was expressed and secreted from mADSCs in a Cfd-dependent manner. HGF rescued the reduced ability of Cfd-KO mADSCs to promote tumorsphere formation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo by breast cancer PDX cells. These results suggest that HGF is a downstream effector of Cfd in mADSCs that enhances the CSC properties in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mizuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 4701192, Japan or (M.M.); (B.K.); (M.M.); (T.H.); (E.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Behnoush Khaledian
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 4701192, Japan or (M.M.); (B.K.); (M.M.); (T.H.); (E.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Masao Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 4701192, Japan or (M.M.); (B.K.); (M.M.); (T.H.); (E.M.); (T.W.)
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 4701192, Japan;
| | - Takanori Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 4701192, Japan or (M.M.); (B.K.); (M.M.); (T.H.); (E.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058575, Japan; (S.M.); (F.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 4701192, Japan or (M.M.); (B.K.); (M.M.); (T.H.); (E.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 4701192, Japan or (M.M.); (B.K.); (M.M.); (T.H.); (E.M.); (T.W.)
| | - Seishi Kono
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 6500017, Japan; (S.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8600811, Japan;
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 4701192, Japan;
| | - Shintaro Takao
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 6500017, Japan; (S.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 6500017, Japan;
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 4701192, Japan;
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058575, Japan; (S.M.); (F.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058575, Japan; (S.M.); (F.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 4701192, Japan or (M.M.); (B.K.); (M.M.); (T.H.); (E.M.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-932-450
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13
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Terrié E, Déliot N, Benzidane Y, Harnois T, Cousin L, Bois P, Oliver L, Arnault P, Vallette F, Constantin B, Coronas V. Store-Operated Calcium Channels Control Proliferation and Self-Renewal of Cancer Stem Cells from Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143428. [PMID: 34298643 PMCID: PMC8307764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is a high-grade primary brain tumor that contains a subpopulation of cells called glioblastoma stem cells, which are responsible for tumor initiation, growth and recurrence after treatment. Recent transcriptomic studies have highlighted that calcium pathways predominate in glioblastoma stem cells. Calcium channels have the ability to transduce signals from the microenvironment and are therefore ideally placed to control cellular behavior. Using multiple approaches, we demonstrate in five different primary cultures, previously derived from surgical specimens, that glioblastoma stem cells express store-operated channels (SOC) that support calcium entry into these cells. Pharmacological inhibition of SOC dramatically reduces cell proliferation and stem cell self-renewal in these cultures. By identifying SOC as a critical mechanism involved in the maintenance of the stem cell population in glioblastoma, our study will contribute to the framework for the identification of new therapies against this deadly tumor. Abstract Glioblastoma is the most frequent and deadly form of primary brain tumors. Despite multimodal treatment, more than 90% of patients experience tumor recurrence. Glioblastoma contains a small population of cells, called glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) that are highly resistant to treatment and endowed with the ability to regenerate the tumor, which accounts for tumor recurrence. Transcriptomic studies disclosed an enrichment of calcium (Ca2+) signaling transcripts in GSC. In non-excitable cells, store-operated channels (SOC) represent a major route of Ca2+ influx. As SOC regulate the self-renewal of adult neural stem cells that are possible cells of origin of GSC, we analyzed the roles of SOC in cultures of GSC previously derived from five different glioblastoma surgical specimens. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry experiments showed that GSC express Orai1 and TRPC1, two core SOC proteins, along with their activator STIM1. Ca2+ imaging demonstrated that SOC support Ca2+ entries in GSC. Pharmacological inhibition of SOC-dependent Ca2+ entries decreased proliferation, impaired self-renewal, and reduced expression of the stem cell marker SOX2 in GSC. Our data showing the ability of SOC inhibitors to impede GSC self-renewal paves the way for a strategy to target the cells considered responsible for conveying resistance to treatment and tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Terrié
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Nadine Déliot
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Yassine Benzidane
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Thomas Harnois
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Laëtitia Cousin
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Patrick Bois
- EA 4379, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France;
| | - Lisa Oliver
- CRCINA-UMR 1232 INSERM, Université de Nantes, CEDEX 01, 44007 Nantes, France; (L.O.); (F.V.)
| | - Patricia Arnault
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - François Vallette
- CRCINA-UMR 1232 INSERM, Université de Nantes, CEDEX 01, 44007 Nantes, France; (L.O.); (F.V.)
- CNRS GDR3697, Micronit “Microenvironment of Tumor Niches”, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Bruno Constantin
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
- CNRS GDR3697, Micronit “Microenvironment of Tumor Niches”, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Valérie Coronas
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
- CNRS GDR3697, Micronit “Microenvironment of Tumor Niches”, 37000 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)5-49-45-36-55
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14
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ERBB3 overexpression due to miR-205 inactivation confers sensitivity to FGF, metabolic activation, and liability to ERBB3 targeting in glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109455. [PMID: 34320350 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and lethal brain tumor, therapies suppressing recurrently altered signaling pathways failed to extend survival. However, in patient subsets, specific genetic lesions can confer sensitivity to targeted agents. By exploiting an integrated model based on patient-derived stem-like cells, faithfully recapitulating the original GBMs in vitro and in vivo, here, we identify a human GBM subset (∼9% of all GBMs) characterized by ERBB3 overexpression and nuclear accumulation. ERBB3 overexpression is driven by inheritable promoter methylation or post-transcriptional silencing of the oncosuppressor miR-205 and sustains the malignant phenotype. Overexpressed ERBB3 behaves as a specific signaling platform for fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), driving PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway hyperactivation, and overall metabolic upregulation. As a result, ERBB3 inhibition by specific antibodies is lethal for GBM stem-like cells and xenotransplants. These findings highlight a subset of patients eligible for ERBB3-targeted therapy.
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15
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Zhu G, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Liu F. Targeting Tumor-Associated Antigen: A Promising CAR-T Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:661606. [PMID: 34248623 PMCID: PMC8264285 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.661606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapy is a prospective therapeutic strategy for blood cancers tumor, especially leukemia, but it is not effective for solid tumors. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly immunosuppressive and deadly malignant tumor with poor responses to immunotherapies. Although CAR-T therapeutic strategies were used for glioma in preclinical trials, the current proliferation activity of CAR-T is not sufficient, and malignant glioma usually recruit immunosuppressive cells to form a tumor microenvironment that hinders CAR-T infiltration, depletes CAR-T, and impairs their efficacy. Moreover, specific environments such as hypoxia and nutritional deficiency can hinder the killing effect of CAR-T, limiting their therapeutic effect. The normal brain lack lymphocytes, but CAR-T usually can recognize specific antigens and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment to increase and decrease pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, respectively. This increases the number of T cells and ultimately enhances anti-tumor effects. CAR-T therapy has become an indispensable modality for glioma due to the specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). This review describes the characteristics of CAR-T specific antigen recognition and changing tumor immune microenvironment, as well as ongoing research into CAR-T therapy targeting TAAs in GBM and their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guidong Zhu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China.,Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
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16
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Khater AR, Abou-Antoun T. Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Factor Signaling in Pediatric Nervous System Tumors: Implications for Malignancy and Cancer Stem Cell Enrichment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654103. [PMID: 34055785 PMCID: PMC8155369 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant nervous system cancers in children are the most devastating and worrisome diseases, specifically due to their aggressive nature and, in some cases, inoperable location in critical regions of the brain and spinal cord, and the impermeable blood-brain barrier that hinders delivery of pharmaco-therapeutic compounds into the tumor site. Moreover, the delicate developmental processes of the nervous system throughout the childhood years adds another limitation to the therapeutic modalities and doses used to treat these malignant cancers. Therefore, pediatric oncologists are charged with the daunting responsibility of attempting to deliver effective cures to these children, yet with limited doses of the currently available therapeutic options in order to mitigate the imminent neurotoxicity of radio- and chemotherapy on the developing nervous system. Various studies reported that c-Met/HGF signaling is affiliated with increased malignancy and stem cell enrichment in various cancers such as high-grade gliomas, high-risk medulloblastomas, and MYCN-amplified, high-risk neuroblastomas. Therapeutic interventions that are utilized to target c-Met signaling in these malignant nervous system cancers have shown benefits in basic translational studies and preclinical trials, but failed to yield significant clinical benefits in patients. While numerous pre-clinical data reported promising results with the use of combinatorial therapy that targets c-Met with other tumorigenic pathways, therapeutic resistance remains a problem, and long-term cures are rare. The possible mechanisms, including the overexpression and activation of compensatory tumorigenic mechanisms within the tumors or ineffective drug delivery methods that may contribute to therapeutic resistance observed in clinical trials are elaborated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rose Khater
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Abou-Antoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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17
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Cancer of unknown primary stem-like cells model multi-organ metastasis and unveil liability to MEK inhibition. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2498. [PMID: 33941777 PMCID: PMC8093243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of unknown primary (CUPs), featuring metastatic dissemination in the absence of a primary tumor, are a biological enigma and a fatal disease. We propose that CUPs are a distinct, yet unrecognized, pathological entity originating from stem-like cells endowed with peculiar and shared properties. These cells can be isolated in vitro (agnospheres) and propagated in vivo by serial transplantation, displaying high tumorigenicity. After subcutaneous engraftment, agnospheres recapitulate the CUP phenotype, by spontaneously and quickly disseminating, and forming widespread established metastases. Regardless of different genetic backgrounds, agnospheres invariably display cell-autonomous proliferation and self-renewal, mostly relying on unrestrained activation of the MAP kinase/MYC axis, which confers sensitivity to MEK inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Such sensitivity is associated with a transcriptomic signature predicting that more than 70% of CUP patients could be eligible to MEK inhibition. These data shed light on CUP biology and unveil an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a mysterious malignancy featuring metastatic dissemination in the absence of a recognizable primary tumor. By characterizing CUP cancer stem cells we show that self-sustained long-term propagation and sensitivity to MEK inhibition are CUP common features.
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18
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Lüttich L, Besso MJ, Heiden S, Koi L, Baumann M, Krause M, Dubrovska A, Linge A, Kurth I, Peitzsch C. Tyrosine Kinase c-MET as Therapeutic Target for Radiosensitization of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1865. [PMID: 33919702 PMCID: PMC8070694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET activates intracellular signaling and induces cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition and migration. Within the present study, we validated the prognostic value of c-MET in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with radio(chemo)therapy using the Cancer Genome Atlas database and found an association of increased MET gene expression and protein phosphorylation with reduced disease-specific and progression-free survival. To investigate the role of c-MET-dependent radioresistance, c-MET-positive cells were purified from established HNSCC cell lines and a reduced radiosensitivity and enhanced sphere-forming potential, compared to the c-MET-depleted cell population, was found in two out of four analyzed cell lines pointing to regulatory heterogeneity. We showed that c-MET is dynamically regulated after irradiation in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, no direct impact of c-MET on DNA damage repair was found. The therapeutic potential of eight c-MET targeting agents in combination with irradiation demonstrated variable response rates in six HNSCC cell lines. Amongst them, crizotinib, foretinib, and Pha665752 exhibited the strongest radiosensitizing effect. Kinase activity profiling showed an association of crizotinib resistance with compensatory PI3K/AKT and MAP kinase signaling. Overall, our results indicate that c-MET is conferring radioresistance in HNSCC through modulation of intracellular kinase signaling and stem-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lüttich
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.L.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (A.L.)
| | - María José Besso
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.J.B.); (I.K.)
| | - Stephan Heiden
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.L.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (A.L.)
| | - Lydia Koi
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.L.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (A.L.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.L.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (A.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.J.B.); (I.K.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.L.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (A.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.J.B.); (I.K.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.L.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (A.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.J.B.); (I.K.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.L.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (A.L.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.J.B.); (I.K.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ina Kurth
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.J.B.); (I.K.)
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.L.); (S.H.); (L.K.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (A.L.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Sung VYC, Knight JF, Johnson RM, Stern YE, Saleh SM, Savage P, Monast A, Zuo D, Duhamel S, Park M. Co-dependency for MET and FGFR1 in basal triple-negative breast cancers. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 33772015 PMCID: PMC7997957 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease that lacks both effective patient stratification strategies and therapeutic targets. Whilst elevated levels of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase are associated with TNBCs and predict poor clinical outcome, the functional role of MET in TNBC is still poorly understood. In this study, we utilise an established Met-dependent transgenic mouse model of TNBC, human cell lines and patient-derived xenografts to investigate the role of MET in TNBC tumorigenesis. We find that in TNBCs with mesenchymal signatures, MET participates in a compensatory interplay with FGFR1 to regulate tumour-initiating cells (TICs). We demonstrate a requirement for the scaffold protein FRS2 downstream from both Met and FGFR1 and find that dual inhibition of MET and FGFR1 signalling results in TIC depletion, hindering tumour progression. Importantly, basal breast cancers that display elevated MET and FGFR1 signatures are associated with poor relapse-free survival. Our results support a role for MET and FGFR1 as potential co-targets for anti-TIC therapies in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Y C Sung
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer F Knight
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Radia M Johnson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yaakov E Stern
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sadiq M Saleh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Savage
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anie Monast
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dongmei Zuo
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Duhamel
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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20
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Chen X, Fan X, Zhao C, Zhao Z, Hu L, Wang D, Wang R, Fang Z. Molecular subtyping of glioblastoma based on immune-related genes for prognosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15495. [PMID: 32968155 PMCID: PMC7511296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with an increasing mortality and morbidity and is considered as an aggressive brain tumor. Recently, extensive studies have been carried out to examine the molecular biology of GBM, and the progression of GBM has been suggested to be correlated with the tumor immunophenotype in a variety of studies. Samples in the current study were extracted from the ImmPort and TCGA databases to identify immune-related genes affecting GBM prognosis. A total of 92 immune-related genes displaying a significant correlation with prognosis were mined, and a shrinkage estimate was conducted on them. Among them, the 14 most representative genes showed a marked correlation with patient prognosis, and LASSO and stepwise regression analysis was carried out to further identify the genes for the construction of a predictive GBM prognosis model. Then, samples in training and test cohorts were incorporated into the model and divided to evaluate the efficiency, stability, and accuracy of the model to predict and classify the prognosis of patients and to identify the relevant immune features according to the median value of RiskScore (namely, Risk-H and Risk-L). In addition, the constructed model was able to instruct clinicians in diagnosis and prognosis prediction for various immunophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China. .,Department of Molecular Pathology, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Chenggang Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Lizhu Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Delong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Ruiting Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiyou Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
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21
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Qin Y, Musket A, Kou J, Preiszner J, Tschida BR, Qin A, Land CA, Staal B, Kang L, Tanner K, Jiang Y, Schweitzer JB, Largaespada DA, Xie Q. Overexpression of HGF/MET axis along with p53 inhibition induces de novo glioma formation in mice. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa067. [PMID: 32642717 PMCID: PMC7332240 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation leads to invasive tumor growth in different types of cancer. Overexpression of MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) occurs more frequently in glioblastoma (GBM) than in low-grade gliomas. Although we have shown previously that HGF-autocrine activation predicts sensitivity to MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in GBM, whether it initiates tumorigenesis remains elusive. Methods Using a well-established Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon strategy, we injected human HGF and MET cDNA together with a short hairpin siRNA against Trp53 (SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53) into the lateral ventricle of neonatal mice to induce spontaneous glioma initiation and characterized the tumors with H&E and immunohistochemistry analysis. Glioma sphere cells also were isolated for measuring the sensitivity to specific MET TKIs. Results Mixed injection of SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53 plasmids induced de novo glioma formation with invasive tumor growth accompanied by HGF and MET overexpression. While glioma stem cells (GSCs) are considered as the tumor-initiating cells in GBM, both SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53 tumor sections and glioma spheres harvested from these tumors expressed GSC markers nestin, GFAP, and Sox 2. Moreover, specific MET TKIs significantly inhibited tumor spheres' proliferation and MET/MAPK/AKT signaling. Conclusions Overexpression of the HGF/MET axis along with p53 attenuation may transform neural stem cells into GSCs, resulting in GBM formation in mice. These tumors are primarily driven by the MET RTK pathway activation and are sensitive to MET TKIs. The SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53 spontaneous mouse glioma model provides a useful tool for studying GBM tumor biology and MET-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Musket
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jianqun Kou
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Johanna Preiszner
- Department of Pathology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barbara R Tschida
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna Qin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Craig A Land
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ben Staal
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Liang Kang
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Kirk Tanner
- National Brain Tumor Society, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - John B Schweitzer
- Department of Pathology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Vengoji R, Ponnusamy MP, Rachagani S, Mahapatra S, Batra SK, Shonka N, Macha MA. Novel therapies hijack the blood-brain barrier to eradicate glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:2-14. [PMID: 30475990 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is amongst the most aggressive brain tumors with a dismal prognosis. Despite significant advances in the current multimodality therapy including surgery, postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ)-based concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy (CT), tumor recurrence is nearly universal with poor patient outcomes. These limitations are in part due to poor drug penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and resistance to CT and RT by a small population of cancer cells recognized as tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). Though CT and RT kill the bulk of the tumor cells, they fail to affect CSCs, resulting in their enrichment and their development into more refractory tumors. Therefore, identifying the mechanisms of resistance and developing therapies that specifically target CSCs can improve response, prevent the development of refractory tumors and increase overall survival of GBM patients. Small molecule inhibitors that can breach the BBB and selectively target CSCs are emerging. In this review, we have summarized the recent advancements in understanding the GBM CSC-specific signaling pathways, the CSC-tumor microenvironment niche that contributes to CT and RT resistance and the use of novel combination therapies of small molecule inhibitors that may be used in conjunction with TMZ-based chemoradiation for effective management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicole Shonka
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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23
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Favia A, Salvatori L, Nanni S, Iwamoto-Stohl LK, Valente S, Mai A, Scagnoli F, Fontanella RA, Totta P, Nasi S, Illi B. The Protein Arginine Methyltransferases 1 and 5 affect Myc properties in glioblastoma stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15925. [PMID: 31685892 PMCID: PMC6828805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Arginine (R) methylation is the most common post-translational methylation in mammalian cells. Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMT) 1 and 5 dimethylate their substrates on R residues, asymmetrically and symmetrically, respectively. They are ubiquitously expressed and play fundamental roles in tumour malignancies, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) which presents largely deregulated Myc activity. Previously, we demonstrated that PRMT5 associates with Myc in GBM cells, modulating, at least in part, its transcriptional properties. Here we show that Myc/PRMT5 protein complex includes PRMT1, in both HEK293T and glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). We demonstrate that Myc is both asymmetrically and symmetrically dimethylated by PRMT1 and PRMT5, respectively, and that these modifications differentially regulate its stability. Moreover, we show that the ratio between symmetrically and asymmetrically dimethylated Myc changes in GSCs grown in stem versus differentiating conditions. Finally, both PRMT1 and PRMT5 activity modulate Myc binding at its specific target promoters. To our knowledge, this is the first work reporting R asymmetrical and symmetrical dimethylation as novel Myc post-translational modifications, with different functional properties. This opens a completely unexplored field of investigation in Myc biology and suggests symmetrically dimethylated Myc species as novel diagnostic and prognostic markers and druggable therapeutic targets for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Favia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Salvatori
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Nanni
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Scagnoli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Nasi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy.
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24
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Nehama D, Di Ianni N, Musio S, Du H, Patané M, Pollo B, Finocchiaro G, Park JJH, Dunn DE, Edwards DS, Damrauer JS, Hudson H, Floyd SR, Ferrone S, Savoldo B, Pellegatta S, Dotti G. B7-H3-redirected chimeric antigen receptor T cells target glioblastoma and neurospheres. EBioMedicine 2019; 47:33-43. [PMID: 31466914 PMCID: PMC6796553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dismal survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients urgently calls for the development of new treatments. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are an attractive strategy, but preclinical and clinical studies in GBM have shown that heterogeneous expression of the antigens targeted so far causes tumor escape, highlighting the need for the identification of new targets. We explored if B7-H3 is a valuable target for CAR-T cells in GBM. METHODS We compared mRNA expression of antigens in GBM using TCGA data, and validated B7-H3 expression by immunohistochemistry. We then tested the antitumor activity of B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells against GBM cell lines and patient-derived GBM neurospheres in vitro and in xenograft murine models. FINDINGS B7-H3 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in GBM relative to normal brain in all GBM subtypes. Of the 46 specimens analyzed by immunohistochemistry, 76% showed high B7-H3 expression, 22% had detectable, but low B7-H3 expression and 2% were negative, as was normal brain. All 20 patient-derived neurospheres showed ubiquitous B7-H3 expression. B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells effectively targeted GBM cell lines and neurospheres in vitro and in vivo. No significant differences were found between CD28 and 4-1BB co-stimulation, although CD28-co-stimulated CAR-T cells released more inflammatory cytokines. INTERPRETATION We demonstrated that B7-H3 is highly expressed in GBM specimens and neurospheres that contain putative cancer stem cells, and that B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells can effectively control tumor growth. Therefore, B7-H3 represents a promising target in GBM. FUND: Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation; Il Fondo di Gio Onlus; National Cancer Institute; Burroughs Wellcome Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Nehama
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalia Di Ianni
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy of Brain Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Musio
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy of Brain Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Hongwei Du
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Monica Patané
- Unit of Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Unit of Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - James J H Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Denise E Dunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Drake S Edwards
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Damrauer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Hudson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Serena Pellegatta
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy of Brain Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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25
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Shen B, Wu F, Ye J, Liang R, Wang R, Yu R, Wu X, Shao YW, Feng J. Crizotinib-resistant MET mutations in gastric cancer patients are sensitive to type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Future Oncol 2019; 15:2585-2593. [PMID: 31339066 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Crizotinib has been used to counter MET amplification in different human malignancies. However, transient responses were observed in some patients with rapid acquisition of resistant mutations in MET. Materials & methods: MET mutations stably expressed Ba/F3 cell lines were used for IC50 detection. Signaling pathway analysis was done using 293T cell line. Results: Four MET mutations conferred resistance to crizotinib with sustained activation of downstream signaling pathways of MET. On the other hand, the four MET mutations displayed different response to type II tyrosine kinase inhibitors with variable deterioration of the downstream signals. Conclusion: This study suggested that patients carrying MET V1092L, D1228G or Y1230H mutations could benefit from type II tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, but not patients with G1163R or D1228Y/N mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment Engineering & Technology Research Center, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Jiazhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Ruping Wang
- Department of Research & Development, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology, Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ruoying Yu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Yang W Shao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
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26
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Todorova PK, Fletcher-Sananikone E, Mukherjee B, Kollipara R, Vemireddy V, Xie XJ, Guida PM, Story MD, Hatanpaa K, Habib AA, Kittler R, Bachoo R, Hromas R, Floyd JR, Burma S. Radiation-Induced DNA Damage Cooperates with Heterozygosity of TP53 and PTEN to Generate High-Grade Gliomas. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3749-3761. [PMID: 31088835 PMCID: PMC6635038 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are lethal brain tumors that are treated with conventional radiation (X-rays and gamma rays) or particle radiation (protons and carbon ions). Paradoxically, radiation is also a risk factor for GBM development, raising the possibility that radiotherapy of brain tumors could promote tumor recurrence or trigger secondary gliomas. In this study, we determined whether tumor suppressor losses commonly displayed by patients with GBM confer susceptibility to radiation-induced glioma. Mice with Nestin-Cre-driven deletions of Trp53 and Pten alleles were intracranially irradiated with X-rays or charged particles of increasing atomic number and linear energy transfer (LET). Mice with loss of one allele each of Trp53 and Pten did not develop spontaneous gliomas, but were highly susceptible to radiation-induced gliomagenesis. Tumor development frequency after exposure to high-LET particle radiation was significantly higher compared with X-rays, in accordance with the irreparability of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induced by high-LET radiation. All resultant gliomas, regardless of radiation quality, presented histopathologic features of grade IV lesions and harbored populations of cancer stem-like cells with tumor-propagating properties. Furthermore, all tumors displayed concomitant loss of heterozygosity of Trp53 and Pten along with frequent amplification of the Met receptor tyrosine kinase, which conferred a stem cell phenotype to tumor cells. Our results demonstrate that radiation-induced DSBs cooperate with preexisting tumor suppressor losses to generate high-grade gliomas. Moreover, our mouse model can be used for studies on radiation-induced development of GBM and therapeutic strategies. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uncovers mechanisms by which ionizing radiation, especially particle radiation, promote GBM development or recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina K Todorova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Bipasha Mukherjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rahul Kollipara
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vamsidhara Vemireddy
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xian-Jin Xie
- College of Dentistry and College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Peter M Guida
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
| | - Michael D Story
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kimmo Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amyn A Habib
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robert Bachoo
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John R Floyd
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
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27
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Fazi B, Proserpio C, Galardi S, Annesi F, Cola M, Mangiola A, Michienzi A, Ciafrè SA. The Expression of the Chemokine CXCL14 Correlates with Several Aggressive Aspects of Glioblastoma and Promotes Key Properties of Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102496. [PMID: 31117166 PMCID: PMC6566570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain tumor whose prognosis is inevitably dismal, leading patients to death in about 15 months from diagnosis. Tumor cells in the mass of the neoplasm are in continuous exchange with cells of the stromal microenvironment, through the production of soluble molecules, among which chemokines play prominent roles. CXCL14 is a chemokine with a pro-tumor role in breast and prostate carcinoma, where it is secreted by cancer associated fibroblasts, and contributes to tumor growth and invasion. We previously observed that CXCL14 expression is higher in GBM tissues than in healthy white matter. Here, we study the effects of exogenously supplemented CXCL14 on key tumorigenic properties of human GBM cell lines. We show that CXCL14 enhances the migration ability and the proliferation of U87MG and LN229 GBM cell lines. None of these effects was affected by the use of AMD3100, an inhibitor of CXCR4 receptor, suggesting that the observed CXCL14 effects are not mediated by this receptor. We also provide evidence that CXCL14 enhances the sphere-forming ability of glioblastoma stem cells, considered the initiating cells, and is responsible for tumor onset, growth and recurrence. In support of our in vitro results, we present data from several GBM expression datasets, demonstrating that CXCL14 expression is inversely correlated with overall survival, that it is enriched at the leading edge of the tumors and in infiltrating tumor areas, and it characterizes mesenchymal and NON G-CIMP tumors, known to have a particularly bad prognosis. Overall, our results point to CXCL14 as a protumorigenic chemokine in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fazi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carla Proserpio
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Galardi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Annesi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mattia Cola
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Annunziato Mangiola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio", 65122 Pescara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Michienzi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Anna Ciafrè
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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28
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Colella B, Faienza F, Di Bartolomeo S. EMT Regulation by Autophagy: A New Perspective in Glioblastoma Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030312. [PMID: 30845654 PMCID: PMC6468412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process MET naturally occur during development and in tissue repair in vertebrates. EMT is also recognized as the crucial event by which cancer cells acquire an invasive phenotype through the activation of specific transcription factors and signalling pathways. Even though glial cells have a mesenchymal phenotype, an EMT-like process tends to exacerbate it during gliomagenesis and progression to more aggressive stages of the disease. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved degradative process that cells use in order to maintain a proper homeostasis, and defects in autophagy have been associated to several pathologies including cancer. Besides modulating cell resistance or sensitivity to therapy, autophagy also affects the migration and invasion capabilities of tumor cells. Despite this evidence, few papers are present in literature about the involvement of autophagy in EMT-like processes in glioblastoma (GBM) so far. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interplay between autophagy and EMT in cancer, with special regard to GBM model. As the invasive behaviour is a hallmark of GBM aggressiveness, defining a new link between autophagy and EMT can open a novel scenario for targeting these processes in future therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colella
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy.
| | - Fiorella Faienza
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy.
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29
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Huang T, Wan X, Alvarez AA, James CD, Song X, Yang Y, Sastry N, Nakano I, Sulman EP, Hu B, Cheng SY. MIR93 (microRNA -93) regulates tumorigenicity and therapy response of glioblastoma by targeting autophagy. Autophagy 2019; 15:1100-1111. [PMID: 30654687 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a natural intracellular process that maintains cellular homeostasis and protects cells from death under stress conditions. Autophagy sustains tumor survival and growth when induced by common cancer treatments, including IR and cytotoxic chemotherapy, thereby contributing to therapeutic resistance of tumors. In this study, we report that the expression of MIR93, noted in two clinically relevant tumor subtypes of GBM, influenced GSC phenotype as well as tumor response to therapy through its effects on autophagy. Our mechanistic studies revealed that MIR93 regulated autophagic activities in GSCs through simultaneous inhibition of multiple autophagy regulators, including BECN1/Beclin 1, ATG5, ATG4B, and SQSTM1/p62. Moreover, two first-line treatments for GBM, IR and temozolomide (TMZ), as well as rapamycin (Rap), the prototypic MTOR inhibitor, decreased MIR93 expression that, in turn, stimulated autophagic processes in GSCs. Inhibition of autophagy by ectopic MIR93 expression, or via autophagy inhibitors NSC (an ATG4B inhibitor) and CQ, enhanced the activity of IR and TMZ against GSCs. Collectively, our findings reveal a key role for MIR93 in the regulation of autophagy and suggest a combination treatment strategy involving the inhibition of autophagy while administering cytotoxic therapy. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BECN1: beclin 1; CL: classical; CQ: chloroquine diphosphate; CSCs: cancer stem cells; GBM: glioblastoma; GSCs: glioma stem-like cells; HEK: human embryonic kidney; IB: immunoblotting; IF: immunofluorescent staining; IR: irradiation; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MES: mesenchymal; MIR93: microRNA 93; MIRC: a control miRNA; miRNA/miR: microRNA; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NSC: NSC185085; PN: proneural; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; Rap: rapamycin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TCGA: the cancer genome atlas; TMZ: temozolomide; WT: wild type; ZIP93: lentiviral miRZIP targeting MIR93; ZIPC: lentiviral miRZip targeting control miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Huang
- a The Ken & Ruth Devee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute , The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern Universityd Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Xuechao Wan
- a The Ken & Ruth Devee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute , The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern Universityd Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Angel A Alvarez
- a The Ken & Ruth Devee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute , The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern Universityd Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - C David James
- b Department of Neurological Surgery , Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Xiao Song
- a The Ken & Ruth Devee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute , The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern Universityd Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Yongyong Yang
- a The Ken & Ruth Devee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute , The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern Universityd Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Namratha Sastry
- a The Ken & Ruth Devee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute , The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern Universityd Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- c Department of Neurosurgery , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- d Department of Radiation Oncology , The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Bo Hu
- a The Ken & Ruth Devee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute , The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern Universityd Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- a The Ken & Ruth Devee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute , The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern Universityd Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
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30
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Bui L, Shen Q, Hill T, Bhuiyan SH, Barakat R, Saavedra V, Kong C, Battiste JD, Kim YT. Microchannel device for proteomic analysis of migrating cancer cells. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aacd5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Pangeni RP, Zhang Z, Alvarez AA, Wan X, Sastry N, Lu S, Shi T, Huang T, Lei CX, James CD, Kessler JA, Brennan CW, Nakano I, Lu X, Hu B, Zhang W, Cheng SY. Genome-wide methylomic and transcriptomic analyses identify subtype-specific epigenetic signatures commonly dysregulated in glioma stem cells and glioblastoma. Epigenetics 2018; 13:432-448. [PMID: 29927689 PMCID: PMC6140806 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1469892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells, contribute to tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. Gene expression profiling classified glioblastoma (GBM) and GSCs into four transcriptomically-defined subtypes. Here, we determined the DNA methylation signatures in transcriptomically pre-classified GSC and GBM bulk tumors subtypes. We hypothesized that these DNA methylation signatures correlate with gene expression and are uniquely associated either with only GSCs or only GBM bulk tumors. Additional methylation signatures may be commonly associated with both GSCs and GBM bulk tumors, i.e., common to non-stem-like and stem-like tumor cell populations and correlating with the clinical prognosis of glioma patients. We analyzed Illumina 450K methylation array and expression data from a panel of 23 patient-derived GSCs. We referenced these results with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) GBM datasets to generate methylomic and transcriptomic signatures for GSCs and GBM bulk tumors of each transcriptomically pre-defined tumor subtype. Survival analyses were carried out for these signature genes using publicly available datasets, including from TCGA. We report that DNA methylation signatures in proneural and mesenchymal tumor subtypes are either unique to GSCs, unique to GBM bulk tumors, or common to both. Further, dysregulated DNA methylation correlates with gene expression and clinical prognoses. Additionally, many previously identified transcriptionally-regulated markers are also dysregulated due to DNA methylation. The subtype-specific DNA methylation signatures described in this study could be useful for refining GBM sub-classification, improving prognostic accuracy, and making therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P. Pangeni
- Departments of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati, Brain Tumor Institute & The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angel A. Alvarez
- Departments of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati, Brain Tumor Institute & The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xuechao Wan
- Departments of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati, Brain Tumor Institute & The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Namratha Sastry
- Departments of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati, Brain Tumor Institute & The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Songjian Lu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Taiping Shi
- Departments of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati, Brain Tumor Institute & The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tianzhi Huang
- Departments of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati, Brain Tumor Institute & The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - C. David James
- Lou and Jean Malnati, Brain Tumor Institute & The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A. Kessler
- Departments of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati, Brain Tumor Institute & The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cameron W. Brennan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, NY, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xinghua Lu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Departments of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati, Brain Tumor Institute & The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati, Brain Tumor Institute & The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Departments of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati, Brain Tumor Institute & The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Chicago, IL, USA
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32
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Angelucci C, D'Alessio A, Lama G, Binda E, Mangiola A, Vescovi AL, Proietti G, Masuelli L, Bei R, Fazi B, Ciafrè SA, Sica G. Cancer stem cells from peritumoral tissue of glioblastoma multiforme: the possible missing link between tumor development and progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28116-28130. [PMID: 29963265 PMCID: PMC6021333 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for gliomagenesis, resistance to treatment and recurrence. Unfortunately, the prognosis for GBM remains poor and recurrence frequently occurs in the peritumoral tissue within 2 cm from the tumor edge. In this area, a population of CSCs has been demonstrated which may recapitulate the tumor after surgical resection. In the present study, we aimed to characterize CSCs derived from both peritumoral tissue (PCSCs) and GBM (GCSCs) in order to deepen their significance in GBM development and progression. The stemness of PCSC/GCSC pairs obtained from four human GBM surgical specimens was investigated by comparing the expression of specific stem cell markers such as Nestin, Musashi-1 and SOX2. In addition, the growth rate, the ultrastructural features and the expression of other molecules such as c-Met, pMet and MAP kinases, involved in cell migration/invasion, maintenance of tumor stemness and/or resistance to treatments were evaluated. Since it has been recently demonstrated the involvement of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the progression of gliomas, the expression of H19 lncRNA, as well as of one of its two mature products miR-675-5p was evaluated in neurospheres. Our results show significant differences between GCSCs and PCSCs in terms of proliferation, ultrastructural peculiarities and, at a lower extent, stemness profile. These differences might be important in view of their potential role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Angelucci
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio D'Alessio
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Lama
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Binda
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, ISBReMIT-Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Annunziato Mangiola
- Istituto di Neurochirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo L Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, ISBReMIT-Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.,Hyperstem SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Proietti
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Fazi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Anna Ciafrè
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
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Comoglio PM, Trusolino L, Boccaccio C. Known and novel roles of the MET oncogene in cancer: a coherent approach to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:341-358. [PMID: 29674709 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The MET oncogene encodes an unconventional receptor tyrosine kinase with pleiotropic functions: it initiates and sustains neoplastic transformation when genetically altered ('oncogene addiction') and fosters cancer cell survival and tumour dissemination when transcriptionally activated in the context of an adaptive response to adverse microenvironmental conditions ('oncogene expedience'). Moreover, MET is an intrinsic modulator of the self-renewal and clonogenic ability of cancer stem cells ('oncogene inherence'). Here, we provide the latest findings on MET function in cancer by focusing on newly identified genetic abnormalities in tumour cells and recently described non-mutational MET activities in stromal cells and cancer stem cells. We discuss how MET drives cancer clonal evolution and progression towards metastasis, both ab initio and under therapeutic pressure. We then elaborate on the use of MET inhibitors in the clinic with a critical appraisal of failures and successes. Ultimately, we advocate a rationale to improve the outcome of anti-MET therapies on the basis of thorough consideration of the entire spectrum of MET-mediated biological responses, which implicates adequate patient stratification, meaningful biomarkers and appropriate clinical end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Comoglio
- Exploratory Research and Molecular Cancer Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
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34
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Basilico C, Modica C, Maione F, Vigna E, Comoglio PM. Targeting the MET oncogene by concomitant inhibition of receptor and ligand via an antibody-"decoy" strategy. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1774-1785. [PMID: 29693242 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MET, a master gene sustaining "invasive growth," is a relevant target for cancer precision therapy. In the vast majority of tumors, wild-type MET behaves as a "stress-response" gene and relies on the ligand (HGF) to sustain cell "scattering," invasive growth and apoptosis protection (oncogene "expedience"). In this context, concomitant targeting of MET and HGF could be crucial to reach effective inhibition. To test this hypothesis, we combined an anti-MET antibody (MvDN30) inducing "shedding" (i.e., removal of MET from the cell surface), with a "decoy" (i.e., the soluble extracellular domain of the MET receptor) endowed with HGF-sequestering ability. To avoid antibody/decoy interaction-and subsequent neutralization-we identified a single aminoacid in the extracellular domain of MET-lysine 842-that is critical for MvDN30 binding and engineered the corresponding recombinant decoyMET (K842E). DecoyMETK842E retains the ability to bind HGF with high affinity and inhibits HGF-induced MET phosphorylation. In HGF-dependent cellular models, MvDN30 antibody and decoyMETK842E used in combination cooperate in restraining invasive growth, and synergize in blocking cancer cell "scattering." The antibody and the decoy unbridle apoptosis of colon cancer stem cells grown in vitro as spheroids. In a preclinical model, built by orthotopic transplantation of a human pancreatic carcinoma in SCID mice engineered to express human HGF, concomitant treatment with antibody and decoy significantly reduces metastatic spread. The data reported indicate that vertical targeting of the MET/HGF axis results in powerful inhibition of ligand-dependent MET activation, providing proof of concept in favor of combined target therapy of MET "expedience."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Modica
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Maione
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Vigna
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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35
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Pellegatta S, Savoldo B, Di Ianni N, Corbetta C, Chen Y, Patané M, Sun C, Pollo B, Ferrone S, DiMeco F, Finocchiaro G, Dotti G. Constitutive and TNFα-inducible expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 in glioblastoma and neurospheres: Implications for CAR-T cell therapy. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaao2731. [PMID: 29491184 PMCID: PMC8713441 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous expression of tumor-associated antigens limits the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected T cells (CAR-Ts) for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). We have found that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is highly expressed in 67% of the GBM specimens with limited heterogeneity. CSPG4 is also expressed on primary GBM-derived cells, grown in vitro as neurospheres (GBM-NS), which recapitulate the histopathology and molecular characteristics of primary GBM. CSPG4.CAR-Ts efficiently controlled the growth of GBM-NS in vitro and in vivo upon intracranial tumor inoculation. Moreover, CSPG4.CAR-Ts were also effective against GBM-NS with moderate to low expression of CSPG4. This effect was mediated by the in vivo up-regulation of CSPG4 on tumor cells, induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) released by the microglia surrounding the tumor. Overall, the constitutive and TNFα-inducible expression of CSPG4 in GBM may greatly reduce the risk of tumor cell escape observed when targeted antigens are heterogeneously expressed on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pellegatta
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalia Di Ianni
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Cristina Corbetta
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Monica Patané
- Unit of Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Chuang Sun
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Unit of Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francesco DiMeco
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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36
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Adachi E, Sakai K, Nishiuchi T, Imamura R, Sato H, Matsumoto K. Different growth and metastatic phenotypes associated with a cell-intrinsic change of Met in metastatic melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70779-70793. [PMID: 27683122 PMCID: PMC5342589 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamic phenotypic change contributes to the metastatic progression and drug resistance in malignant melanoma. Nevertheless, mechanisms for a phenotypic change have remained to be addressed. Here, we show that Met receptor expression changes in a cell-autonomous manner and can distinguish phenotypical differences in growth, as well as in metastatic and drug-resistant characteristics. In metastatic melanoma, the cells are composed of Met-low and Met-high populations. Met-low populations have stem-like gene expression profiles, are resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, and have shown abundant angiogenesis and rapid tumor growth in subcutaneous inoculation. Met-high populations have a differentiated phenotype, are relatively resistant to B-RAF inhibitor, and are highly metastatic to the lungs. Met plays a definitive role in lung metastasis because the lung metastasis of Met-high cells requires Met, and treatment of mice with the Met-containing exosomes from Met-high cells facilitates lung metastasis by Met-low cells. Clonal cell fate analysis showed the hierarchical phenotypical changes from Met-low to Met-high populations. Met-low cells either showed self-renewal or changed into Met-high cells, whereas Met-high cells remained Met-high. Clonal transition from Met-low to Met-high cells accompanied changes in the gene expression profile, in tumor growth, and in metastasis that were similar to those in Met-high cells. These findings indicate that malignant melanoma has the ability to undergo phenotypic change by a cell-intrinsic/autonomous mechanism that can be characterized by Met expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Adachi
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Sakai
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Ryu Imamura
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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37
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Mehta S, Lo Cascio C. Developmentally regulated signaling pathways in glioma invasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:385-402. [PMID: 28821904 PMCID: PMC5765207 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common, infiltrative, and lethal primary brain tumors affecting the adult population. The grim prognosis for this disease is due to a combination of the presence of highly invasive tumor cells that escape surgical resection and the presence of a population of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells found within these tumors. Several studies suggest that glioma cells have cleverly hijacked the normal developmental program of neural progenitor cells, including their transcriptional programs, to enhance gliomagenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of developmentally regulated signaling pathways that have been found to facilitate glioma growth and invasion. Furthermore, we discuss how the microenvironment and treatment-induced perturbations of these highly interconnected signaling networks can trigger a shift in cellular phenotype and tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetal Mehta
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Costanza Lo Cascio
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
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38
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H1/pHGFK1 nanoparticles exert anti-tumoural and radiosensitising effects by inhibition of MET in glioblastoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:522-533. [PMID: 29348487 PMCID: PMC5830599 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic resistance to ionising radiation (IR) and anti-angiogenesis mainly impair the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. The primary and secondary MET aberrant activation is one crucial factor for these resistances. The kringle 1 domain of hepatocyte growth factor (HGFK1), an angiogenic inhibitor, contains a high-affinity binding domain of MET; however, its effects on glioblastoma remain elusive. Methods: We formed the nanoparticles consisting of a folate receptor-targeted nanoparticle-mediated HGFK1 gene (H1/pHGFK1) and studied its anti-tumoural and radiosensitive activities in both subcutaneous and orthotopic human glioma cell-xenografted mouse models. We then elucidated its molecular mechanisms in human glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. Results: We demonstrated for the first time that peritumoural injection of H1/pHGFK1 nanoparticles significantly inhibited tumour growth and prolonged survival in tumour-bearing mice, as well as enhanced the anti-tumoural efficacies of IR in vivo by reducing Ki-67 expression, enhancing TUNEL staining-indicated apoptotic indexes, reducing microvascular intensity and reversing IR-induced MET overexpression in tumour tissues. Furthermore, we showed that HGFK1 suppressed the proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and enhanced sensitivity to IR in glioblastoma cell lines, mainly by suppressing the activities of MET receptor, down-regulating ATM-Chk2 axis but up-regulating Chk1. Conclusions: H1/pHGFK1 exerts anti-tumoural and radiosensitive activities mainly through the inhibition and reversal of IR-induced MET and ATM–Chk2 axis activities in glioblastoma. H1/pHGFK1 nanoparticles are a potential radiosensitiser and angiogenic inhibitor for glioblastoma treatment.
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39
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Orzan F, De Bacco F, Crisafulli G, Pellegatta S, Mussolin B, Siravegna G, D'Ambrosio A, Comoglio PM, Finocchiaro G, Boccaccio C. Genetic Evolution of Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells From Primary to Recurrent Tumor. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2218-2228. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Orzan
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS; Candiolo Italy
| | - Francesca De Bacco
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS; Candiolo Italy
| | - Giovanni Crisafulli
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS; Candiolo Italy
- Department of Oncology; University of Torino; Candiolo Italy
| | - Serena Pellegatta
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta; Milan Italy
| | - Benedetta Mussolin
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS; Candiolo Italy
| | - Giulia Siravegna
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS; Candiolo Italy
| | - Antonio D'Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS; Candiolo Italy
- Department of Oncology; University of Torino; Candiolo Italy
| | - Paolo M. Comoglio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS; Candiolo Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta; Milan Italy
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS; Candiolo Italy
- Department of Oncology; University of Torino; Candiolo Italy
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40
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Junca A, Villalva C, Tachon G, Rivet P, Cortes U, Guilloteau K, Balbous A, Godet J, Wager M, Karayan-Tapon L. Crizotinib targets in glioblastoma stem cells. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2625-2634. [PMID: 28960893 PMCID: PMC5673924 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are believed to be involved in the mechanisms of tumor resistance, therapeutic failures, and recurrences after conventional glioblastoma therapy. Therefore, elimination of GSCs might be a prerequisite for the development of successful therapeutic strategies. ALK, ROS1, and MET are targeted by Crizotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has been approved for treatment of ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. In this study we investigated ALK, ROS1, and MET status in nine glioblastoma stem cell lines and tumors from which they arise. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), Sanger's direct sequencing, and immunohistochemistry were used to screen genomic rearrangements (or amplifications), genomic mutations, and protein expression, respectively. The immunohistochemical and FISH studies revealed no significant dysregulation of ROS1 in GSCs and associated tumors. Neither amplification nor polysomy of ALK was observed in GSC, but weak overexpression was detected by IHC in three of nine GSCs. Similarly, no MET amplification was found by FISH but three GSCs presented significant immunohistochemical staining. No ALK or MET mutation was found by Sanger's direct sequencing. In this study, we show no molecular rearrangement of ALK, ROS1, and MET that would lead us not to propose, as a valid strategy, the use of crizotinib to eradicate GSCs. However, MET was overexpressed in all GSCs with mesenchymal subtype and three GSCs presented an overexpression of ALK. Therefore, our study corroborates the idea that MET and ALK may assume a role in the tumorigenicity of GSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audelaure Junca
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France.,Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, Poitiers University, Poitiers, F-86073, France
| | - Claire Villalva
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Gaëlle Tachon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France.,INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases group, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86022, France.,Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, Poitiers University, Poitiers, F-86073, France
| | - Pierre Rivet
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Ulrich Cortes
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Karline Guilloteau
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Anaïs Balbous
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France.,INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases group, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86022, France.,Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, Poitiers University, Poitiers, F-86073, France
| | - Julie Godet
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Michel Wager
- INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases group, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86022, France.,Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, Poitiers University, Poitiers, F-86073, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France.,INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases group, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86022, France.,Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, Poitiers University, Poitiers, F-86073, France
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41
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van den Heuvel CNAM, Navis AC, de Bitter T, Amiri H, Verrijp K, Heerschap A, Rex K, Dussault I, Caenepeel S, Coxon A, Span PN, Wesseling P, Hendriks W, Leenders WPJ. Selective MET Kinase Inhibition in MET-Dependent Glioma Models Alters Gene Expression and Induces Tumor Plasticity. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1587-1597. [PMID: 28751462 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) MET represents a promising tumor target in a subset of glioblastomas. Most RTK inhibitors available in the clinic today, including those inhibiting MET, affect multiple targets simultaneously. Previously, it was demonstrated that treatment with cabozantinib (MET/VEGFR2/RET inhibitor) prolonged survival of mice carrying orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of the MET-addicted glioblastoma model E98, yet did not prevent development of recurrent and cabozantinib-resistant tumors. To exclude VEGFR2 inhibition-inflicted blood-brain barrier normalization and diminished tumor distribution of the drug, we have now investigated the effects of the novel MET-selective inhibitor Compound A in the orthotopic E98 xenograft model. In vitro, Compound A proved a highly potent inhibitor of proliferation of MET-addicted cell lines. In line with its target selectivity, Compound A did not restore the leaky blood-brain barrier and was more effective than cabozantinib in inhibiting MET phosphorylation in vivo Compound A treatment significantly prolonged survival of mice carrying E98 tumor xenografts, but did not prevent eventual progression. Contrasting in vitro results, the Compound A-treated xenografts displayed high levels of AKT phosphorylation despite the absence of phosphorylated MET. Profiling by RNA sequencing showed that in vivo transcriptomes differed significantly from those in control xenografts.Implications: Collectively, these findings demonstrate the plasticity of paracrine growth factor receptor signaling in vivo and urge for prudency with in vitro drug-testing strategies to validate monotherapies. Mol Cancer Res; 15(11); 1587-97. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna C Navis
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa de Bitter
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Houshang Amiri
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kiek Verrijp
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Karen Rex
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Isabelle Dussault
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Sean Caenepeel
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Angela Coxon
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Paul N Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radiotherapy and Oncoimmunology Laboratory, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wiljan Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - William P J Leenders
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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42
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Role and Therapeutic Targeting of the HGF/MET Pathway in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070087. [PMID: 28696366 PMCID: PMC5532623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor with dismal prognosis. Current therapeutic options, consisting of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, have only served to marginally increase patient survival. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are dysregulated in approximately 90% of GBM; attributed to this, research has focused on inhibiting RTKs as a novel and effective therapy for GBM. Overexpression of RTK mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET), and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), in GBM highlights a promising new therapeutic target. This review will discuss the role of MET in cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, cell migration and invasion, angiogenesis and therapeutic resistance in GBM. It will also discuss the modes of deregulation of HGF/MET and their regulation by microRNAs. As the HGF/MET pathway is a vital regulator of multiple pro-survival pathways, efforts and strategies for its exploitation for GBM therapy are also described.
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43
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Todorova PK, Mukherjee B, Burma S. MET signaling promotes DNA repair and radiation resistance in glioblastoma stem-like cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:61. [PMID: 28251140 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.01.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Krasimirova Todorova
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bipasha Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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44
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Imura Y, Nakai T, Yamada S, Outani H, Takenaka S, Hamada K, Araki N, Itoh K, Yoshikawa H, Naka N. Functional and therapeutic relevance of hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET signaling in synovial sarcoma. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1867-1876. [PMID: 27779808 PMCID: PMC5198956 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with a poor prognosis and, thus, novel therapeutic strategies for SS are urgently required. In the present study, we investigated the functional and therapeutic relevance of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c‐MET signaling in SS. Both HGF and c‐MET were highly expressed in Yamato‐SS cells, resulting in activation of c‐MET and its downstream AKT and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathways, whereas c‐MET was expressed but not activated in SYO‐1 or HS‐SY‐II cells. c‐MET‐activated Yamato‐SS cells showed higher anchorage‐independent growth ability and less sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents than did c‐MET‐inactivated SYO‐1 or HS‐SY‐II cells. INC280, a selective c‐MET inhibitor, inhibited growth of Yamato‐SS cells both in vitro and in vivo but not that of SYO‐1 or HS‐SY‐II cells. INC280 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and blocked phosphorylation of c‐MET and its downstream effectors in Yamato‐SS cells. Co‐expression of HGF and c‐MET in SS clinical samples correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with SS. Taken together, activation of HGF/c‐MET signaling in an autocrine fashion leads to an aggressive phenotype in SS and targeting of this signaling exerts superior antitumor effects on c‐MET‐activated SS. HGF/c‐MET expression status is a potential biomarker for identification of SS patients with a worse prognosis who can benefit from c‐MET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Imura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shutaro Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetatsu Outani
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Araki
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Service, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Itoh
- Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Naka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
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45
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Miekus K. The Met tyrosine kinase receptor as a therapeutic target and a potential cancer stem cell factor responsible for therapy resistance (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 37:647-656. [PMID: 27959446 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The MET tyrosine kinase receptor plays an important role during tumor development and progression being responsible for proliferation, morphogenetic transformation, cell motility and invasiveness. High expression of the MET receptor has been shown to correlate with increased tumor growth and metastasis, poor prognosis and resistance to radiotherapy. Moreover, MET expression and activation has been shown to be associated with therapy resistance. The occurrence of resistance to targeted therapy might be related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a subpopulation of cells in the tumor that possess the ability of self-renewal, clonogenicity, radioresistance and self-sustained protection from apoptosis. Recently, MET has been postulated as an essential factor supporting the functional stem cell phenotype in some tumors and as a CSC factor is believed to be responsible for therapy resistance. This review presents the results from recent studies identifying MET as a potential marker of CSCs and tumor initiating cells, demonstrating pivotal role of MET in supporting stem cell phenotype and indicating the role of MET in acquiring resistance to antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Miekus
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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46
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Galardi S, Savino M, Scagnoli F, Pellegatta S, Pisati F, Zambelli F, Illi B, Annibali D, Beji S, Orecchini E, Alberelli MA, Apicella C, Fontanella RA, Michienzi A, Finocchiaro G, Farace MG, Pavesi G, Ciafrè SA, Nasi S. Resetting cancer stem cell regulatory nodes upon MYC inhibition. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1872-1889. [PMID: 27852622 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC deregulation is common in human cancer and has a role in sustaining the aggressive cancer stem cell populations. MYC mediates a broad transcriptional response controlling normal biological programmes, but its activity is not clearly understood. We address MYC function in cancer stem cells through the inducible expression of Omomyc-a MYC-derived polypeptide interfering with MYC activity-taking as model the most lethal brain tumour, glioblastoma. Omomyc bridles the key cancer stemlike cell features and affects the tumour microenvironment, inhibiting angiogenesis. This occurs because Omomyc interferes with proper MYC localization and itself associates with the genome, with a preference for sites occupied by MYC This is accompanied by selective repression of master transcription factors for glioblastoma stemlike cell identity such as OLIG2, POU3F2, SOX2, upregulation of effectors of tumour suppression and differentiation such as ID4, MIAT, PTEN, and modulation of the expression of microRNAs that target molecules implicated in glioblastoma growth and invasion such as EGFR and ZEB1. Data support a novel view of MYC as a network stabilizer that strengthens the regulatory nodes of gene expression networks controlling cell phenotype and highlight Omomyc as model molecule for targeting cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Galardi
- Biomedicine and Prevention Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Pellegatta
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Unit, Istituto Besta, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Oncology Department, IEO, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pisati
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, and Cogentech, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Zambelli
- IBBE - CNR, Bari, Italy.,Biosciences Department, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elisa Orecchini
- Biomedicine and Prevention Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Michienzi
- Biomedicine and Prevention Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Giulia Farace
- Biomedicine and Prevention Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Pavesi
- Biosciences Department, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Anna Ciafrè
- Biomedicine and Prevention Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Nasi
- IBPM - CNR, Rome, Italy .,Biology and Biotechnologies Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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47
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NOD-SCID mice irradiation with medical accelerators: Dosimetric and radiobiological results. Phys Med 2016; 32:1453-1460. [PMID: 27838243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies normally requires dedicated instruments due to the small anatomical scales involved, but the possibility of using clinical devices for this purpose may be of economical, scientific and translational interest. In the present work the accurate description of treatment planning, dosimetric results, radiotoxicity and tumor response of the irradiation of NOD-SCID mice were presented. Two medical linear accelerators, TrueBeam STx and Tomotherapy Hi-ART, were compared. NOD-SCID mice irradiation with Tomotherapy is a novelty, as well as the comparison of different irradiation techniques, devices and dose fractionations. METHODS Human derived glioblastoma multiforme neurospheres were injected in immunocompromised NOD-SCID mice to establish xenograft models. Mice were anaesthetized and placed in a plexiglas cage pieboth to perform CT scan for treatment planning purposes and for the irradiation. Three fractionation schedules were evaluated: 4Gy/1 fraction, 4Gy/2 fractions and 6Gy/3 fractions. Tomotherapy planning parameters, the presence of a bolus layer and the irradiation time were reported. After irradiation, mice were examined daily and sacrificed when they showed signs of suffering or when tumor volume reached the established endpoint. Outcomes regarding both radiotoxicity and tumor response were evaluated comparing irradiated mice as respect to their controls. RESULTS Survival analysis showed that Tomotherapy irradiation with 6Gy/3 fractions with a bolus layer prolong mice survival (log-rank test, p<0.02). Tumor volume and mice survival were significantly different in irradiated xenografts as compared to their controls (t-test, p<0.03; log-rank, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The radiobiological potential of Tomotherapy in inducing tumor growth stabilization is demonstrated.
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48
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Huang T, Alvarez AA, Pangeni RP, Horbinski CM, Lu S, Kim SH, James CD, J Raizer J, A Kessler J, Brenann CW, Sulman EP, Finocchiaro G, Tan M, Nishikawa R, Lu X, Nakano I, Hu B, Cheng SY. A regulatory circuit of miR-125b/miR-20b and Wnt signalling controls glioblastoma phenotypes through FZD6-modulated pathways. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12885. [PMID: 27698350 PMCID: PMC5059456 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly defined subclassification is associated with phenotypic malignancy of glioblastoma (GBM). However, current understanding of the molecular basis of subclass conversion that is often involved in GBM recurrence remain rudimentary at best. Here we report that canonical Wnt signalling that is active in proneural (PN) but inactive in mesenchymal (MES) GBM, along with miR-125b and miR-20b that are expressed at high levels in PN compared with MES GBM, comprise a regulatory circuit involving TCF4-miR-125b/miR-20b-FZD6. FZD6 acts as a negative regulator of this circuit by activating CaMKII–TAK1–NLK signalling, which, in turn, attenuates Wnt pathway activity while promoting STAT3 and NF-κB signalling that are important regulators of the MES-associated phenotype. These findings are confirmed by targeting differentially enriched pathways in PN versus MES GBM that results in inhibition of distinct GBM subtypes. Correlative expressions of the components of this circuit are prognostic relevant for clinical GBM. Our findings provide insights for understanding GBM pathogenesis and for improving treatment of GBM. Glioblastoma (GBM) is classified as proneural (PN), neural, mesenchymal (MES) and classical GBM. Here the authors show that Wnt signalling, miR-125b and miR-20b establish a regulatory circuitry including FZD6 which distinguishes PN from the MES subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Angel A Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Rajendra P Pangeni
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Songjian Lu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, USA
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Jeffery J Raizer
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Cameron W Brenann
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ming Tan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Xinghua Lu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Schimanski A, Ebbert L, Sabel MC, Finocchiaro G, Lamszus K, Ewelt C, Etminan N, Fischer JC, Sorg RV. Human glioblastoma stem-like cells accumulate protoporphyrin IX when subjected to exogenous 5-aminolaevulinic acid, rendering them sensitive to photodynamic treatment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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50
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Skrzypek K, Kusienicka A, Szewczyk B, Adamus T, Lukasiewicz E, Miekus K, Majka M. Constitutive activation of MET signaling impairs myogenic differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma and promotes its development and progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31378-98. [PMID: 26384300 PMCID: PMC4741613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma, which may originate from impaired differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Expression of MET receptor is elevated in alveolar RMS subtype (ARMS) which is associated with worse prognosis, compared to embryonal RMS (ERMS). Forced differentiation of ARMS cells diminishes MET level and, as shown previously, MET silencing induces differentiation of ARMS. In ERMS cells introduction of TPR-MET oncogene leads to an uncontrolled overstimulation of the MET receptor downstream signaling pathways. In vivo, tumors formed by those cells in NOD-SCID mice display inhibited differentiation, enhanced proliferation, diminished apoptosis and increased infiltration of neutrophils. Consequently, tumors grow significantly faster and they display enhanced ability to metastasize to lungs and to vascularize due to elevated VEGF, MMP9 and miR-378 expression. In vitro, TPR-MET ERMS cells display enhanced migration, chemotaxis and invasion toward HGF and SDF-1. Introduction of TPR-MET into MSC increases survival and may induce expression of early myogenic factors depending on the genetic background, and it blocks terminal differentiation of skeletal myoblasts. To conclude, our results suggest that activation of MET signaling may cause defects in myogenic differentiation leading to rhabdomyosarcoma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Skrzypek
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kusienicka
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Szewczyk
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Adamus
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Lukasiewicz
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miekus
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Department of Transplantation, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
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