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Surkov YI, Serebryakova IA, Kuzinova YK, Konopatskova OM, Safronov DV, Kapralov SV, Genina EA, Tuchin VV. Multimodal Method for Differentiating Various Clinical Forms of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Benign Neoplasms In Vivo. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:202. [PMID: 38248078 PMCID: PMC10814941 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Correct classification of skin lesions is a key step in skin cancer screening, which requires high accuracy and interpretability. This paper proposes a multimodal method for differentiating various clinical forms of basal cell carcinoma and benign neoplasms that includes machine learning. This study was conducted on 37 neoplasms, including benign neoplasms and five different clinical forms of basal cell carcinoma. The proposed multimodal screening method combines diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound. Using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the coefficients of melanin pigmentation, erythema, hemoglobin content, and the slope coefficient of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the wavelength range 650-800 nm were determined. Statistical texture analysis of optical coherence tomography images was used to calculate first- and second-order statistical parameters. The analysis of ultrasound images assessed the shape of the tumor according to parameters such as area, perimeter, roundness and other characteristics. Based on the calculated parameters, a machine learning algorithm was developed to differentiate the various clinical forms of basal cell carcinoma. The proposed algorithm for classifying various forms of basal cell carcinoma and benign neoplasms provided a sensitivity of 70.6 ± 17.3%, specificity of 95.9 ± 2.5%, precision of 72.6 ± 14.2%, F1 score of 71.5 ± 15.6% and mean intersection over union of 57.6 ± 20.1%. Moreover, for differentiating basal cell carcinoma and benign neoplasms without taking into account the clinical form, the method achieved a sensitivity of 89.1 ± 8.0%, specificity of 95.1 ± 0.7%, F1 score of 89.3 ± 3.4% and mean intersection over union of 82.6 ± 10.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy I. Surkov
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.A.S.); (E.A.G.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustic, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Isabella A. Serebryakova
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.A.S.); (E.A.G.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yana K. Kuzinova
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Oncology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.K.K.); (D.V.S.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Olga M. Konopatskova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustic, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Oncology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.K.K.); (D.V.S.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Dmitriy V. Safronov
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Oncology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.K.K.); (D.V.S.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Sergey V. Kapralov
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Oncology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.K.K.); (D.V.S.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Elina A. Genina
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.A.S.); (E.A.G.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.A.S.); (E.A.G.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustic, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC “Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 410028 Saratov, Russia
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Zhou C, Bucklew VG, Edwards PS, Zhang C, Yang J, Ryan PJ, Hughes DP, Qu X, Liu Z. Portable Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy of Potato Leaves for Pre-Symptomatic Detection of Late Blight Disease. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:491-499. [PMID: 36898969 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231165342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of leaf diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for plant disease detection. A smartphone-operated, compact diffused reflectance spectrophotometer is used for field collection of leaf diffuse reflectance spectra to enable pre-symptomatic detection of the progression of potato late blight disease post inoculation with oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Neural-network-based analysis predicts infection with >96% accuracy, only 24 h after inoculation with the pathogen, and nine days before visual late blight symptoms appear. Our study demonstrates the potential of using portable optical spectroscopy in tandem with machine learning analysis for early diagnosis of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Chenji Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jinkai Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Philip J Ryan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David P Hughes
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Xinshun Qu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Peterson T, Mann S, Sun BL, Peng L, Cai H, Liang R. Motionless volumetric structured light sheet microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2209-2224. [PMID: 37206125 PMCID: PMC10191636 DOI: 10.1364/boe.489280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To meet the increasing need for low-cost, compact imaging technology with cellular resolution, we have developed a microLED-based structured light sheet microscope for three-dimensional ex vivo and in vivo imaging of biological tissue in multiple modalities. All the illumination structure is generated directly at the microLED panel-which serves as the source-so light sheet scanning and modulation is completely digital, yielding a system that is simpler and less prone to error than previously reported methods. Volumetric images with optical sectioning are thus achieved in an inexpensive, compact form factor without any moving parts. We demonstrate the unique properties and general applicability of our technique by ex vivo imaging of porcine and murine tissue from the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Peterson
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Shivani Mann
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Belinda L. Sun
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Leilei Peng
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Haijiang Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Rongguang Liang
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences,
The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Louie DC, Tchvialeva L, Kalia S, Lui H, Lee TK. Polarization memory rate as a metric to differentiate benign and malignant tissues. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:620-632. [PMID: 35284168 PMCID: PMC8884210 DOI: 10.1364/boe.446094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive optical methods for cancer diagnostics, such as microscopy, spectroscopy, and polarimetry, are rapidly advancing. In this respect, finding new and powerful optical metrics is an indispensable task. Here we introduce polarization memory rate (PMR) as a sensitive metric for optical cancer diagnostics. PMR characterizes the preservation of circularly polarized light relative to linearly polarized light as light propagates in a medium. We hypothesize that because of well-known indicators associated with the morphological changes of cancer cells, like an enlarged nucleus size and higher chromatin density, PMR should be greater for cancerous than for the non-cancerous tissues. A thorough literature review reveals how this difference arises from the anomalous depolarization behaviour of many biological tissues. In physical terms, though most biological tissue primarily exhibits Mie scattering, it typically exhibits Rayleigh depolarization. However, in cancerous tissue the Mie depolarization regime becomes more prominent than Rayleigh. Experimental evidence of this metric is found in a preliminary clinical study using a novel Stokes polarimetry probe. We conducted in vivo measurements of 20 benign, 28 malignant and 59 normal skin sites with a 660 nm laser diode. The median PMR values for cancer vs non-cancer are significantly higher for cancer which supports our hypothesis. The reported fundamental differences in depolarization may persist for other types of cancer and create a conceptual basis for further developments in polarimetry applications for cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Louie
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Lioudmila Tchvialeva
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Sunil Kalia
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Harvey Lui
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Tim K. Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
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Blundo A, Cignoni A, Banfi T, Ciuti G. Comparative Analysis of Diagnostic Techniques for Melanoma Detection: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:637069. [PMID: 33968951 PMCID: PMC8103840 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.637069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma has the highest mortality rate among skin cancers, and early-diagnosis is essential to maximize survival rate. The current procedure for melanoma diagnosis is based on dermoscopy, i.e., a qualitative visual inspection of lesions with intrinsic limited diagnostic reliability and reproducibility. Other non-invasive diagnostic techniques may represent valuable solutions to retrieve additional objective information of a lesion. This review aims to compare the diagnostic performance of non-invasive techniques, alternative to dermoscopy, for melanoma detection in clinical settings. A systematic review of the available literature was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar databases (2010-September 2020). All human, in-vivo, non-invasive studies using techniques, alternative to dermoscopy, for melanoma diagnosis were included with no restriction on the recruited population. The reference standard was histology but dermoscopy was accepted only in case of benign lesions. Attributes of the analyzed studies were compared, and the quality was evaluated using CASP Checklist. For studies in which the investigated technique was implemented as a diagnostic tool (DTA studies), the QUADAS-2 tool was applied. For DTA studies that implemented a melanoma vs. other skin lesions classification task, a meta-analysis was performed reporting the SROC curves. Sixty-two references were included in the review, of which thirty-eight were analyzed using QUADAS-2. Study designs were: clinical trials (13), retrospective studies (10), prospective studies (8), pilot studies (10), multitiered study (1); the remain studies were proof of concept or had undefined study type. Studies were divided in categories based on the physical principle employed by each diagnostic technique. Twenty-nine out of thirty-eight DTA studies were included in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity of studies' types, testing strategy, and diagnostic task limited the systematic comparison of the techniques. Based on the SROC curves, spectroscopy achieved the best performance in terms of sensitivity (93%, 95% CI 92.8-93.2%) and specificity (85.2%, 95%CI 84.9-85.5%), even though there was high concern regarding robustness of metrics. Reflectance-confocal-microscopy, instead, demonstrated higher robustness and a good diagnostic performance (sensitivity 88.2%, 80.3-93.1%; specificity 65.2%, 55-74.2%). Best practice recommendations were proposed to reduce bias in future DTA studies. Particular attention should be dedicated to widen the use of alternative techniques to conventional dermoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Blundo
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Cignoni
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Banfi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gastone Ciuti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Louie DC, Tchvialeva L, Kalia S, Lui H, Lee TK. Constructing a portable optical polarimetry probe for in-vivo skin cancer detection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200359R. [PMID: 33686846 PMCID: PMC7938231 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.3.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Management of skin cancer worldwide is often a challenge of scale, in that the number of potential cases presented outweighs the resources available to detect and treat skin cancer. AIM This project aims to develop a polarimetry probe to create an accessible skin cancer detection tool. APPROACH An optical probe was developed to perform bulk tissue Stokes polarimetry, a technique in which a laser of known polarization illuminates a target, and the altered polarization state of the backscattered light is measured. Typically, measuring a polarization state requires four sequential measurements with different orientations of polarization filters; however, this probe contains four spatially separated detectors to take four measurements in one shot. The probe was designed to perform at a lower cost and higher speed than conventional polarimetry methods. The probe uses photodiodes and linear and circular film polarizing filters as detectors, and a low-coherence laser diode as its illumination source. The probe design takes advantage of the statistical uniformity of the polarization speckle field formed at the detection area. RESULTS Tests of each probe component, and the complete system put together, were performed to evaluate error and confirm the probe's performance despite its low-cost components. This probe's potential is demonstrated in a pilot clinical study on 71 skin lesions. The degree of polarization was found to be a factor by which malignant melanoma could be separated from other types of skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Louie
- University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Cancer, Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lioudmila Tchvialeva
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sunil Kalia
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Cancer, Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Harvey Lui
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Cancer, Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tim K. Lee
- University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Cancer, Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
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Pires L, Demidov V, Wilson BC, Salvio AG, Moriyama L, Bagnato VS, Vitkin IA, Kurachi C. Dual-Agent Photodynamic Therapy with Optical Clearing Eradicates Pigmented Melanoma in Preclinical Tumor Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071956. [PMID: 32708501 PMCID: PMC7409296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment using light-activated photosensitizers (photodynamic therapy, PDT) has shown limited efficacy in pigmented melanoma, mainly due to the poor penetration of light in this tissue. Here, an optical clearing agent (OCA) was applied topically to a cutaneous melanoma model in mice shortly before PDT to increase the effective treatment depth by reducing the light scattering. This was used together with cellular and vascular-PDT, or a combination of both. The effect on tumor growth was measured by longitudinal ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging in vivo and by immunohistology after sacrifice. In a separate dorsal window chamber tumor model, angiographic optical coherence tomography (OCT) generated 3D tissue microvascular images, enabling direct in vivo assessment of treatment response. The optical clearing had minimal therapeutic effect on the in control, non-pigmented cutaneous melanomas but a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05) in pigmented lesions for both single- and dual-photosensitizer treatment regimes. The latter enabled full-depth eradication of tumor tissue, demonstrated by the absence of S100 and Ki67 immunostaining. These studies are the first to demonstrate complete melanoma response to PDT in an immunocompromised model in vivo, with quantitative assessment of tumor volume and thickness, confirmed by (immuno) histological analyses, and with non-pigmented melanomas used as controls to clarify the critical role of melanin in the PDT response. The results indicate the potential of OCA-enhanced PDT for the treatment of pigmented lesions, including melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Pires
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil; (L.P.); (L.M.); (V.S.B.); (C.K.)
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (V.D.); (I.A.V.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Valentin Demidov
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (V.D.); (I.A.V.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (V.D.); (I.A.V.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-634-8778
| | | | - Lilian Moriyama
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil; (L.P.); (L.M.); (V.S.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Vanderlei S. Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil; (L.P.); (L.M.); (V.S.B.); (C.K.)
| | - I. Alex Vitkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (V.D.); (I.A.V.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil; (L.P.); (L.M.); (V.S.B.); (C.K.)
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Kiseleva TN, Lugovkina KV, Guseva NV, Zaitsev MS. [Possibilities of ultrasound methods in diagnostics of eyelid tumors]. Vestn Oftalmol 2020; 136:51-58. [PMID: 32504477 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202013603151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the informative value of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) with A-scan for assessment of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of eyelid tumors less than 5 mm in size. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 25 patients (25 eyes) with eyelid tumors less than 5 mm in size. In addition to standard ophthalmic examination, complex ultrasound diagnostics including B-scan, Color Doppler imaging and UBM with A-scan were performed. The localization, size, structure of eyelid tumors and the state of perifocal tissues were evaluated. All patients underwent surgical treatment with following histological examinations of dissected tissues. Due to qualitative analysis of the studied formations and small number of included patients, there was no need in statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS Complex application of UBM and A-scan allowed specifying the localization, size, structure of the small-sized tumors and detecting typical echographic signs of benign or malignant properties of the pathological process. Ultrasound data (UBM and A-scan) of eyelid tumors was highly correlated to histological features. CONCLUSION UBM with A-scan can be recommended for differential diagnostics of small-sized tumors and optimizing their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Kiseleva
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Lugovkina
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Guseva
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Zaitsev
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Stewart S, Darr M, Gomer H, Smith A, Samiei A, Post JC, Miller RJ, Lyne J, Cohen J, Treado PJ. Visible near infrared reflectance molecular chemical imaging of human ex vivo carcinomas and murine in vivo carcinomas. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-18. [PMID: 32096369 PMCID: PMC7039338 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.2.026003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A key risk faced by oncological surgeons continues to be complete removal of tumor. Currently, there is no intraoperative imaging device to detect kidney tumors during excision. AIM We are evaluating molecular chemical imaging (MCI) as a technology for real-time tumor detection and margin assessment during tumor removal surgeries. APPROACH In exploratory studies, we evaluate visible near infrared (Vis-NIR) MCI for differentiating tumor from adjacent tissue in ex vivo human kidney specimens, and in anaesthetized mice with breast or lung tumor xenografts. Differentiation of tumor from nontumor tissues is made possible with diffuse reflectance spectroscopic signatures and hyperspectral imaging technology. Tumor detection is achieved by score image generation to localize the tumor, followed by application of computer vision algorithms to define tumor border. RESULTS Performance of a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model for kidney tumor in a 22-patient study is 0.96 for area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. A PLS-DA model for in vivo breast and lung tumor xenografts performs with 100% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 89% accuracy. CONCLUSION Detection of cancer in surgically resected human kidney tissues is demonstrated ex vivo with Vis-NIR MCI, and in vivo on mice with breast or lung xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Stewart
- ChemImage Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marlena Darr
- ChemImage Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Heather Gomer
- ChemImage Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Aaron Smith
- ChemImage Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Arash Samiei
- ChemImage Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Ralph J. Miller
- Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John Lyne
- Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jeffrey Cohen
- ChemImage Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Differentiation of skin biopsies by light scattering spectroscopy. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:975-980. [PMID: 33603618 PMCID: PMC7874857 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.92301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spectroscopic systems are medical tools that are used for the detection of cancerous tissues ex vivo and in vivo. Aim To differentiate inflammatory and benign skin lesions of excised biopsy samples via a combination of multivariate statistical analysis. Material and methods Spectral data were obtained from a total of 22 inflammatory and ten benign skin biopsy samples from 30 patients in the visible wavelength (450–750 nm) regions. Spectral data were compared with the dermatopathology results. Spectral data analyses of biopsy samples were performed via principal component analysis (PCA), followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The differentiation performance was calculated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The classification based on the discriminant function score provided a sensitivity of 90.9% and a specificity of 80% in discriminating benign from inflammatory lesions with an accuracy of 87.5%. Conclusions Our study revealed that light scattering spectroscopy could discriminate between inflammatory and benign skin lesions of excised biopsy samples with high sensitivity by using multivariate statistical analysis. It can be concluded that the high diagnostic accuracy of the optical spectroscopy method has the potential to use as a supplementary system to distinguish inflammatory skin lesions from benign during the pathological examination.
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Zhang Y, Moy AJ, Feng X, Nguyen HTM, Reichenberg JS, Markey MK, Tunnell JW. Physiological model using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900154. [PMID: 31325232 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a noninvasive, fast, and low-cost technology with potential to assist cancer diagnosis. The goal of this study was to test the capability of our physiological model, a computational Monte Carlo lookup table inverse model, for nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis. We applied this model on a clinical DRS dataset to extract scattering parameters, blood volume fraction, oxygen saturation and vessel radius. We found that the model was able to capture physiological information relevant to skin cancer. We used the extracted parameters to classify (basal cell carcinoma [BCC], squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]) vs actinic keratosis (AK) and (BCC, SCC, AK) vs normal. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve achieved by the classifiers trained on the parameters extracted using the physiological model is comparable to that of classifiers trained on features extracted via Principal Component Analysis. Our findings suggest that DRS can reveal physiologic characteristics of skin and this physiologic model offers greater flexibility for diagnosing skin cancer than a pure statistical analysis. Physiological parameters extracted from diffuse reflectance spectra data for nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Austin J Moy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Hieu T M Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | - Mia K Markey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James W Tunnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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12
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Waterhouse DJ, Fitzpatrick CRM, Pogue BW, O'Connor JPB, Bohndiek SE. A roadmap for the clinical implementation of optical-imaging biomarkers. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:339-353. [PMID: 31036890 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical workflows for the non-invasive detection and characterization of disease states could benefit from optical-imaging biomarkers. In this Perspective, we discuss opportunities and challenges towards the clinical implementation of optical-imaging biomarkers for the early detection of cancer by analysing two case studies: the assessment of skin lesions in primary care, and the surveillance of patients with Barrett's oesophagus in specialist care. We stress the importance of technical and biological validations and clinical-utility assessments, and the need to address implementation bottlenecks. In addition, we define a translational roadmap for the widespread clinical implementation of optical-imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J Waterhouse
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine R M Fitzpatrick
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Steelman ZA, Ho DS, Chu KK, Wax A. Light scattering methods for tissue diagnosis. OPTICA 2019; 6:479-489. [PMID: 33043100 PMCID: PMC7544148 DOI: 10.1364/optica.6.000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering has become a common biomedical research tool, enabling diagnostic sensitivity to myriad tissue alterations associated with disease. Light-tissue interactions are particularly attractive for diagnostics due to the variety of contrast mechanisms that can be used, including spectral, angle-resolved, and Fourier-domain detection. Photonic diagnostic tools offer further benefit in that they are non-ionizing, non-invasive, and give real-time feedback. In this review, we summarize recent innovations in light scattering technologies, with a focus on clinical achievements over the previous ten years.
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14
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Ferrante di Ruffano L, Takwoingi Y, Dinnes J, Chuchu N, Bayliss SE, Davenport C, Matin RN, Godfrey K, O'Sullivan C, Gulati A, Chan SA, Durack A, O'Connell S, Gardiner MD, Bamber J, Deeks JJ, Williams HC. Computer-assisted diagnosis techniques (dermoscopy and spectroscopy-based) for diagnosing skin cancer in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 12:CD013186. [PMID: 30521691 PMCID: PMC6517147 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early accurate detection of all skin cancer types is essential to guide appropriate management and to improve morbidity and survival. Melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are high-risk skin cancers which have the potential to metastasise and ultimately lead to death, whereas basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is usually localised with potential to infiltrate and damage surrounding tissue. Anxiety around missing early curable cases needs to be balanced against inappropriate referral and unnecessary excision of benign lesions. Computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) systems use artificial intelligence to analyse lesion data and arrive at a diagnosis of skin cancer. When used in unreferred settings ('primary care'), CAD may assist general practitioners (GPs) or other clinicians to more appropriately triage high-risk lesions to secondary care. Used alongside clinical and dermoscopic suspicion of malignancy, CAD may reduce unnecessary excisions without missing melanoma cases. OBJECTIVES To determine the accuracy of CAD systems for diagnosing cutaneous invasive melanoma and atypical intraepidermal melanocytic variants, BCC or cSCC in adults, and to compare its accuracy with that of dermoscopy. SEARCH METHODS We undertook a comprehensive search of the following databases from inception up to August 2016: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE; Embase; CINAHL; CPCI; Zetoc; Science Citation Index; US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register; NIHR Clinical Research Network Portfolio Database; and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We studied reference lists and published systematic review articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies of any design that evaluated CAD alone, or in comparison with dermoscopy, in adults with lesions suspicious for melanoma or BCC or cSCC, and compared with a reference standard of either histological confirmation or clinical follow-up. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted all data using a standardised data extraction and quality assessment form (based on QUADAS-2). We contacted authors of included studies where information related to the target condition or diagnostic threshold were missing. We estimated summary sensitivities and specificities separately by type of CAD system, using the bivariate hierarchical model. We compared CAD with dermoscopy using (a) all available CAD data (indirect comparisons), and (b) studies providing paired data for both tests (direct comparisons). We tested the contribution of human decision-making to the accuracy of CAD diagnoses in a sensitivity analysis by removing studies that gave CAD results to clinicians to guide diagnostic decision-making. MAIN RESULTS We included 42 studies, 24 evaluating digital dermoscopy-based CAD systems (Derm-CAD) in 23 study cohorts with 9602 lesions (1220 melanomas, at least 83 BCCs, 9 cSCCs), providing 32 datasets for Derm-CAD and seven for dermoscopy. Eighteen studies evaluated spectroscopy-based CAD (Spectro-CAD) in 16 study cohorts with 6336 lesions (934 melanomas, 163 BCC, 49 cSCCs), providing 32 datasets for Spectro-CAD and six for dermoscopy. These consisted of 15 studies using multispectral imaging (MSI), two studies using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and one study using diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy. Studies were incompletely reported and at unclear to high risk of bias across all domains. Included studies inadequately address the review question, due to an abundance of low-quality studies, poor reporting, and recruitment of highly selected groups of participants.Across all CAD systems, we found considerable variation in the hardware and software technologies used, the types of classification algorithm employed, methods used to train the algorithms, and which lesion morphological features were extracted and analysed across all CAD systems, and even between studies evaluating CAD systems. Meta-analysis found CAD systems had high sensitivity for correct identification of cutaneous invasive melanoma and atypical intraepidermal melanocytic variants in highly selected populations, but with low and very variable specificity, particularly for Spectro-CAD systems. Pooled data from 22 studies estimated the sensitivity of Derm-CAD for the detection of melanoma as 90.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 84.0% to 94.0%) and specificity as 74.3% (95% CI 63.6% to 82.7%). Pooled data from eight studies estimated the sensitivity of multispectral imaging CAD (MSI-CAD) as 92.9% (95% CI 83.7% to 97.1%) and specificity as 43.6% (95% CI 24.8% to 64.5%). When applied to a hypothetical population of 1000 lesions at the mean observed melanoma prevalence of 20%, Derm-CAD would miss 20 melanomas and would lead to 206 false-positive results for melanoma. MSI-CAD would miss 14 melanomas and would lead to 451 false diagnoses for melanoma. Preliminary findings suggest CAD systems are at least as sensitive as assessment of dermoscopic images for the diagnosis of invasive melanoma and atypical intraepidermal melanocytic variants. We are unable to make summary statements about the use of CAD in unreferred populations, or its accuracy in detecting keratinocyte cancers, or its use in any setting as a diagnostic aid, because of the paucity of studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In highly selected patient populations all CAD types demonstrate high sensitivity, and could prove useful as a back-up for specialist diagnosis to assist in minimising the risk of missing melanomas. However, the evidence base is currently too poor to understand whether CAD system outputs translate to different clinical decision-making in practice. Insufficient data are available on the use of CAD in community settings, or for the detection of keratinocyte cancers. The evidence base for individual systems is too limited to draw conclusions on which might be preferred for practice. Prospective comparative studies are required that evaluate the use of already evaluated CAD systems as diagnostic aids, by comparison to face-to-face dermoscopy, and in participant populations that are representative of those in which the test would be used in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yemisi Takwoingi
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of BirminghamNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreBirminghamUK
| | - Jacqueline Dinnes
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of BirminghamNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreBirminghamUK
| | - Naomi Chuchu
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | - Susan E Bayliss
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | - Clare Davenport
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | - Rubeta N Matin
- Churchill HospitalDepartment of DermatologyOld RoadHeadingtonOxfordUKOX3 7LE
| | - Kathie Godfrey
- The University of Nottinghamc/o Cochrane Skin GroupNottinghamUK
| | | | - Abha Gulati
- Barts Health NHS TrustDepartment of DermatologyWhitechapelLondonUKE11BB
| | - Sue Ann Chan
- City HospitalBirmingham Skin CentreDudley RdBirminghamUKB18 7QH
| | - Alana Durack
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustDermatologyHills RoadCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | - Susan O'Connell
- Cardiff and Vale University Health BoardCEDAR Healthcare Technology Research CentreCardiff Medicentre, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park CampusCardiffWalesUKCF144UJ
| | | | - Jeffrey Bamber
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustJoint Department of Physics15 Cotswold RoadSuttonUKSM2 5NG
| | - Jonathan J Deeks
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of BirminghamNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreBirminghamUK
| | - Hywel C Williams
- University of NottinghamCentre of Evidence Based DermatologyQueen's Medical CentreDerby RoadNottinghamUKNG7 2UH
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15
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Louie DC, Phillips J, Tchvialeva L, Kalia S, Lui H, Wang W, Lee TK. Degree of optical polarization as a tool for detecting melanoma: proof of principle. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-7. [PMID: 30554501 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.12.125004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Determining the optical polarization properties of a skin lesion is a proposed method to differentiate melanoma from other skin lesions. We developed an in vivo Stokes polarimetry probe that fires a laser of known polarization at the skin and measures the Stokes parameters of the backscattered light in one shot. From these measured Stokes parameters, we can calculate the degree of polarization (DOP). Through testing on rough skin phantoms, a correlation between backscattered DOP and skin roughness was identified for both linear and circular input polarization, the latter of which was found to be more useful. In a pilot clinical trial of 69 skin lesions in vivo, it was found that the mean DOP for melanoma (linear input on melanoma: 0.46 ± 0.09) was greater than that of other lesions (linear input on all other lesions: 0.28 ± 0.01). This separation is greater for circular polarized input light, and it is likely that circular polarized light's greater sensitivity to surface roughness contributes to this result. In addition, all skin lesions demonstrated a stronger depolarizing effect on circular polarized light than linear polarized light. We have identified DOP as a potentially useful measurement to identify melanoma among other types of skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Louie
- University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Jamie Phillips
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Lioudmila Tchvialeva
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Sunil Kalia
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Harvey Lui
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Cancer Control Research, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tim K Lee
- University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Cancer Control Research, Vancouver, Canada
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16
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Wilson BC, Jermyn M, Leblond F. Challenges and opportunities in clinical translation of biomedical optical spectroscopy and imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-13. [PMID: 29512358 PMCID: PMC5838403 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.3.030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Medical devices face many hurdles before they enter routine clinical practice to address unmet clinical needs. This is also the case for biomedical optical spectroscopy and imaging systems that are used here to illustrate the opportunities and challenges involved. Following initial concept, stages in clinical translation include instrument development, preclinical testing, clinical prototyping, clinical trials, prototype-to-product conversion, regulatory approval, commercialization, and finally clinical adoption and dissemination, all in the face of potentially competing technologies. Optical technologies face additional challenges from their being extremely diverse, often targeting entirely different diseases and having orders-of-magnitude differences in resolution and tissue penetration. However, these technologies can potentially address a wide variety of unmet clinical needs since they provide rich intrinsic biochemical and structural information, have high sensitivity and specificity for disease detection and localization, and are practical, safe (minimally invasive, nonionizing), and relatively affordable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Wilson
- University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Jermyn
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Frederic Leblond
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Address all correspondence to: Frederic Leblond, E-mail:
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17
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Carpenter DJ, Sajisevi MB, Chapurin N, Brown CS, Cheng T, Palmer GM, Stevenson DS, Rao CL, Hall RP, Woodard CR. Noninvasive optical spectroscopy for identification of non-melanoma skin cancer: Pilot study. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:246-252. [PMID: 29331035 PMCID: PMC6407423 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optical spectroscopy offers a noninvasive alternative to biopsy as a first-line screening tool for suspicious skin lesions. This study sought to define several optical parameters across malignant and benign tissue types. STUDY DESIGN Prospective pilot trial utilizing the Zenalux IM1 optical spectroscopy device from April 2016 to February 2017. For each skin lesion, provider pre-biopsy probability of malignancy was compared to histolopathologic diagnosis. Optical data were characterized across basal cell carcinoma (BCC; n = 9), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n = 5), actinic keratosis (AK; n = 4), scar tissue (n = 6), nevus (n = 2), and neurofibroma (NF; n = 1). Across all patients, agreement was determined between control measurements collected adjacent to the lesion and from the upper extremity. METHODS Prospective single center pilot study. The optical properties of 27 cutaneous lesions were collected from 18 adult patients presenting to Otolaryngology and Dermatology clinics with suspicious skin lesions warranting biopsy. Spectroscopy measurements were recorded for each lesion: two at the lesion site, two at an adjacent site (internal control), and one at the central medial upper extremity (arm control). Variables of interest included absolute oxygenated hemoglobin (Hb), Hb saturation, total Hb concentration, and Eumelanin concentration. For each lesion, internal control averages were subtracted from lesion averages to provide delta parameter values, and lesion averages were divided by internal control averages to provide ratio parameter values. RESULTS Mean percent difference between pre-biopsy probability of malignancy and histology was 29%, with a difference of 75% or greater seen in 5 of 25 lesions. Mean values for BCC, SCC, AK, and scar tissue varied most between extracted mean reduced scatter estimate (μa'; cm- ) delta values (BCC: -2.2 ± 3.8; SCC: -3.9 ± 2.0; AK: -3.3 ± 4.2, Scar: -1.7 ± 1.2) and total Hb (µM) ratio (BCC: 2.0 ± 3.3; SCC: 3.0 ± 1.3; AK: 1.1 ± 0.6; Scar: 1.4 ± 1.1). Agreement between local and arm controls was poor. CONCLUSION This pilot trial utilizes optical spectroscopy as a noninvasive method for determining cutaneous lesion histology. Effect sizes observed across optical parameters for benign and malignant tissue types will guide larger prospective studies that may ultimately lead to prediction of lesional histology without need for invasive biopsy. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:246-252, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Carpenter
- School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mirabelle B. Sajisevi
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nikita Chapurin
- School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Clifford Scott Brown
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tracy Cheng
- School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory M. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Caroline L. Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Russell P. Hall
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Charles R. Woodard
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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18
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Piazena H, Meffert H, Uebelhack R. Spectral Remittance and Transmittance of Visible and Infrared-A Radiation in Human Skin-Comparison Betweenin vivoMeasurements and Model Calculations. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1449-1461. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Piazena
- Medical Photobiology Group; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Ralf Uebelhack
- Medical Photobiology Group; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
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19
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Vignion-Dewalle AS, Baert G, Thecua E, Vicentini C, Mortier L, Mordon S. Photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis: Is the European consensus protocol for daylight PDT superior to conventional protocol for Aktilite CL 128 PDT? JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 174:70-77. [PMID: 28756154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment modality for various dermato-oncologic conditions. In Europe, initially requiring irradiation with red light, PDT of actinic keratosis (AK) can now also be carried out with exposure to daylight that has been clinically proven to be as effective as and less painful than red light. OBJECTIVES In this paper, we propose a comparison between the conventional protocol for Aktilite CL 128 (red light source) PDT and the European consensus protocol for daylight PDT - with the exposure is assumed to be performed during either a clear sunny day or an overcast day - in the treatment of AK with methyl aminolevulinate through a mathematical modeling. METHOD This already published modeling that is based on an iterative procedure alternating determination of the local fluence rate and updating of the local optical properties enables to estimate the local damage induced by the therapy. RESULTS The European consensus protocol for daylight PDT during a sunny day and an overcast day provides, on average, 6.50 and 1.79 times higher PDT local damages at the end of the treatment than those obtained using the conventional protocol for Aktilite CL 128 PDT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results analysis shows that, even performed during an overcast day, the European consensus protocol for daylight PDT leads to higher PDT local damages than the efficient conventional protocol for Aktilite CL 128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Vignion-Dewalle
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI, Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Gregory Baert
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI, Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elise Thecua
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI, Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Vicentini
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI, Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Mortier
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI, Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Serge Mordon
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI, Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
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20
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Wan QS, Wang T, Zhang KH. Biomedical optical spectroscopy for the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplasms. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317717984. [PMID: 28671054 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317717984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a leading contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis currently plays a key role in the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Despite the advances in endoscopy over the last decades, missing lesions, undersampling and incorrect sampling in biopsies, as well as invasion still result in a poor diagnostic rate of early gastrointestinal cancers. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to develop non-invasive methods for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers. Biomedical optical spectroscopy, including infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse scattering spectroscopy and autofluorescence, is capable of providing structural and chemical information about biological specimens with the advantages of non-destruction, non-invasion and reagent-free and waste-free analysis and has thus been widely investigated for the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. This review will introduce the advances of biomedical optical spectroscopy techniques, highlight their applications for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers and discuss their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Si Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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21
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Stratum corneum modulation by chemical enhancers and lipid nanostructures: implications for transdermal drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2017; 8:701-718. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the outermost and largest protective covering of the body. The uppermost layer of the skin, stratum corneum also called the horny layer is composed of keratin-filled cells covered by a lipid matrix which shields the skin from physical and chemical entrants. The lipid lamellar structure comprises of ceramides, cholesterol, fatty acids and proteins. Chemical enhancers that mimic the lamellar chemistry, reversibly fluidize the latter can be utilized for enhancing transport of cargo across the epidermis into the dermis. This review deals with the stratum corneum chemistry, mechanisms to modulate its packing with the aid of chemical enhancers, biophysical techniques for characterization and applications in the design of nature-inspired biocompatible lipid nanostructures for transdermal delivery of drugs and bioactive agents.
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22
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Jermyn M, Mercier J, Aubertin K, Desroches J, Urmey K, Karamchandiani J, Marple E, Guiot MC, Leblond F, Petrecca K. Highly Accurate Detection of Cancer In Situ with Intraoperative, Label-Free, Multimodal Optical Spectroscopy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3942-3950. [PMID: 28659435 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effectiveness of surgery as a cancer treatment is reduced when all cancer cells are not detected during surgery, leading to recurrences that negatively impact survival. To maximize cancer cell detection during cancer surgery, we designed an in situ intraoperative, label-free, optical cancer detection system that combines intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Using this multimodal optical cancer detection system, we found that brain, lung, colon, and skin cancers could be detected in situ during surgery with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 97%, 100%, and 93%, respectively. This highly sensitive optical molecular imaging approach can profoundly impact a wide range of surgical and noninvasive interventional oncology procedures by improving cancer detection capabilities, thereby reducing cancer burden and improving survival and quality of life. Cancer Res; 77(14); 3942-50. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jermyn
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jeanne Mercier
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly Aubertin
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joannie Desroches
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jason Karamchandiani
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederic Leblond
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Vignion-Dewalle AS, Baert G, Devos L, Thecua E, Vicentini C, Mortier L, Mordon S. Red light photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis using 37 J/cm 2 : Fractionated irradiation with 12.3 mW/cm 2 after 30 minutes incubation time compared to standard continuous irradiation with 75 mW/cm 2 after 3 hours incubation time using a mathematical modeling. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:686-697. [PMID: 28370134 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND STUDY DESIGN Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment modality for various diseases, especially for dermatological conditions. Although, the standard PDT protocol for the treatment of actinic keratoses in Europe has shown to be effective, treatment-associated pain is often observed in patients. Different modifications to this protocol attempted to decrease pain have been investigated. The decrease in fluence rate seems to be a promising solution. Moreover, it has been suggested that light fractionation significantly increases the efficacy of PDT. Based on a flexible light-emitting textile, the FLEXITHERALIGHT device specifically provides a fractionated illumination at a fluence rate more than six times lower than that of the standard protocol. In a recently completed clinical trial of PDT for the treatment of actinic keratosis, the non-inferiority of a protocol involving illumination with the FLEXITHERALIGHT device after a short incubation time and referred to as the FLEXITHERALIGHT protocol has been assessed compared to the standard protocol. In this paper, we propose a comparison of the two above mentioned 635 nm red light protocols with 37 J/cm2 in the PDT treatment of actinic keratosis: the standard protocol and the FLEXITHERALIGHT one through a mathematical modeling. METHODS This mathematical modeling, which slightly differs from the one we have already published, enables the local damage induced by the therapy to be estimated. RESULTS The comparison performed in terms of the local damage induced by the therapy demonstrates that the FLEXITHERALIGHT protocol with lower fluence rate, light fractionation and shorter incubation time is somewhat less efficient than the standard protocol. Nevertheless, from the clinical trial results, the FLEXITHERALIGHT protocol results in non-inferior response rates compared to the standard protocol. CONCLUSION This finding raises the question of whether the PDT local damage achieved by the FLEXITHERALIGHT protocol (respectively, the standard protocol) is sufficient (respectively, excessive) to destroy actinic keratosis cells. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:686-697, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Vignion-Dewalle
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gregory Baert
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laura Devos
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elise Thecua
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Vicentini
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Mortier
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Serge Mordon
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000 Lille, France
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24
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Miller DM, Jokerst NM. Flexible silicon sensors for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1512-1524. [PMID: 28663846 PMCID: PMC5480561 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is being used in exploratory clinical applications such as cancer margin assessment on excised tissue. However, when interrogating nonplanar tissue anomalies can arise from non-uniform pressure. Herein is reported the design, fabrication, and test of flexible, thin film silicon photodetectors (PDs) bonded to a flexible substrate designed for use in conformal DRS. The PDs have dark currents and responsivities comparable to conventional Si PDs, and were characterized while flat and while flexed at multiple radii of curvature using liquid phantoms mimicking adipose and malignant breast tissue. The DRS and nearest neighbor crosstalk results were compared with Monte Carlo simulations, showing good agreement between simulation and experiment.
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25
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Mowla A, Taimre T, Lim YL, Bertling K, Wilson SJ, Prow TW, Soyer HP, Rakić AD. Concurrent Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Laser Doppler Flowmetry to Improve Skin Cancer Imaging: A Monte Carlo Model and Experimental Validation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E1411. [PMID: 27598157 PMCID: PMC5038689 DOI: 10.3390/s16091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optical interrogation of suspicious skin lesions is standard care in the management of skin cancer worldwide. Morphological and functional markers of malignancy are often combined to improve expert human diagnostic power. We propose the evaluation of the combination of two independent optical biomarkers of skin tumours concurrently. The morphological modality of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is combined with the functional modality of laser Doppler flowmetry, which is capable of quantifying tissue perfusion. To realize the idea, we propose laser feedback interferometry as an implementation of RCM, which is able to detect the Doppler signal in addition to the confocal reflectance signal. Based on the proposed technique, we study numerical models of skin tissue incorporating two optical biomarkers of malignancy: (i) abnormal red blood cell velocities and concentrations and (ii) anomalous optical properties manifested through tissue confocal reflectance, using Monte Carlo simulation. We also conduct a laboratory experiment on a microfluidic channel containing a dynamic turbid medium, to validate the efficacy of the technique. We quantify the performance of the technique by examining a signal to background ratio (SBR) in both the numerical and experimental models, and it is shown that both simulated and experimental SBRs improve consistently using this technique. This work indicates the feasibility of an optical instrument, which may have a role in enhanced imaging of skin malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mowla
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Thomas Taimre
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Yah Leng Lim
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Karl Bertling
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Tarl W Prow
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia.
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia.
| | - Aleksandar D Rakić
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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26
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Ahmad I, Ahmad M, Khan K, Ikram M. Polarimetry based partial least square classification of ex vivo healthy and basal cell carcinoma human skin tissues. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 14:134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Bishitz Y, Ozana N, Schwarz A, Beiderman Y, Garcia J, Zalevsky Z. Optical configuration of pigmented lesion detection by frequency analysis of skin speckle patterns. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:1003-14. [PMID: 27231603 PMCID: PMC4866444 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present a novel approach of realizing a safe, simple, and inexpensive sensor applicable to pigmented lesions detection. The approach is based on temporal tracking of back-reflected secondary speckle patterns generated while illuminating the affected area with a laser and applying periodic pressure to the surface via a controlled vibration source. When applied to pigmented lesions, the technique is superior to visual examination in avoiding many false positives and resultant unnecessary biopsies. Applying a series of different vibration frequencies at the examined tissue and analyzing the 2-D time varying speckle patterns in response to the applied periodic pressure creates a unique signature for each and different pigmented lesion. Analyzing these signatures is the first step toward detection of malignant melanoma. In this paper we present preliminary experiments that show the validity of the developed sensor for the classification of pigmented lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Bishitz
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- These authors contributed equally to the paper
| | - Nisan Ozana
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- These authors contributed equally to the paper
| | - Ariel Schwarz
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Yevgeny Beiderman
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Javier Garcia
- Departamento de O ´ptica, Universitat de46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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28
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Leachman SA, Cassidy PB, Chen SC, Curiel C, Geller A, Gareau D, Pellacani G, Grichnik JM, Malvehy J, North J, Jacques SL, Petrie T, Puig S, Swetter SM, Tofte S, Weinstock MA. Methods of Melanoma Detection. Cancer Treat Res 2016; 167:51-105. [PMID: 26601859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22539-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Detection and removal of melanoma, before it has metastasized, dramatically improves prognosis and survival. The purpose of this chapter is to (1) summarize current methods of melanoma detection and (2) review state-of-the-art detection methods and technologies that have the potential to reduce melanoma mortality. Current strategies for the detection of melanoma range from population-based educational campaigns and screening to the use of algorithm-driven imaging technologies and performance of assays that identify markers of transformation. This chapter will begin by describing state-of-the-art methods for educating and increasing awareness of at-risk individuals and for performing comprehensive screening examinations. Standard and advanced photographic methods designed to improve reliability and reproducibility of the clinical examination will also be reviewed. Devices that magnify and/or enhance malignant features of individual melanocytic lesions (and algorithms that are available to interpret the results obtained from these devices) will be compared and contrasted. In vivo confocal microscopy and other cellular-level in vivo technologies will be compared to traditional tissue biopsy, and the role of a noninvasive "optical biopsy" in the clinical setting will be discussed. Finally, cellular and molecular methods that have been applied to the diagnosis of melanoma, such as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, CH16D, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Pamela B Cassidy
- Department of Dermatology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3125 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L468R, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Suephy C Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1525 Clifton Road NE, 1st Floor, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Clara Curiel
- Department of Dermatology and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Alan Geller
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard School of Public Health and Massachusetts General Hospital, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, 3rd Floor East, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Daniel Gareau
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena, Italy.
| | - James M Grichnik
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Room 912, BRB (R-125), 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jeffrey North
- University of California, San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street, Suite 280, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
| | - Steven L Jacques
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Tracy Petrie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology/Cutaneous Oncology, Stanford University, 900 Blake Wilbur Drive, W3045, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Susan Tofte
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, CH16D, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Martin A Weinstock
- Departments of Dermatology and Epidemiology, Brown University, V A Medical Center 111D, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
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29
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Abildgaard OHA, Kamran F, Dahl AB, Skytte JL, Nielsen FD, Thomsen CL, Andersen PE, Larsen R, Frisvad JR. Non-invasive assessment of dairy products using spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:1096-1105. [PMID: 26254193 DOI: 10.1366/14-07529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The quality of a dairy product is largely determined by its microstructure which also affects its optical properties. Consequently, an assessment of the optical properties during production may be part of a feedback system for ensuring the quality of the production process. This paper presents a novel camera-based measurement technique that enables robust quantification of a wide range of reduced scattering coefficients and absorption coefficients. Measurements are based on hyperspectral images of diffuse reflectance in the wavelength range of 470 to 1020 nm. The optical properties of commercially available milk and yogurt products with three different levels of fat content are measured. These constitute a relevant range of products at a dairy plant. The measured reduced scattering properties of the samples are presented and show a clear discrimination between levels of fat contents as well as fermentation. The presented measurement technique and method of analysis is thus suitable for a rapid, non-contact, and non-invasive inspection that can deduce physically interpretable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto H A Abildgaard
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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30
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Ghervase L, Savastru D, Dontu S, Forsea AM, Borisova E. Characterization of Human Skin by Fluorescence, Exemplified by Dermatofibroma, Keratoacanthoma, and Seborrheic Keratosis. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1036277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Kamran F, Andersen PE. Sensitivity analysis for oblique incidence reflectometry using Monte Carlo simulations. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:7099-7105. [PMID: 26368382 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.007099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oblique incidence reflectometry has developed into an effective, noncontact, and noninvasive measurement technology for the quantification of both the reduced scattering and absorption coefficients of a sample. The optical properties are deduced by analyzing only the shape of the reflectance profiles. This article presents a sensitivity analysis of the technique in turbid media. Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the technique and its potential to distinguish the small changes between different levels of scattering. We present various regions of the dynamic range of optical properties in which system demands vary to be able to detect subtle changes in the structure of the medium, translated as measured optical properties. Effects of variation in anisotropy are discussed and results presented. Finally, experimental data of milk products with different fat content are considered as examples for comparison.
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32
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van de Kerkhof PCM. Dermatology: Where are We Coming from and Where are We Going to? Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 1:40. [PMID: 25593913 PMCID: PMC4292053 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2014.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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33
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Bregar M, Cugmas B, Naglic P, Hartmann D, Pernuš F, Likar B, Bürmen M. Properties of contact pressure induced by manually operated fiber-optic probes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:127002. [PMID: 26720880 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.127002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We assess the properties of contact pressure applied by manually operated fiber-optic probes as a function of the operator, probe contact area, and sample stiffness. First, the mechanical properties of human skin sites with different skin structures, thicknesses, and underlying tissues were studied by in vivo indentation tests. According to the obtained results, three different homogeneous silicone skin phantoms were created to encompass the observed range of mechanical properties. The silicon phantoms were subsequently used to characterize the properties of the contact pressure by 10 experienced probe operators employing fiber-optic probes with different contact areas. A custom measurement system was used to collect the time-lapse of diffuse reflectance and applied contact pressure. The measurements were characterized by a set of features describing the transient and steady-state properties of the contact pressure and diffuse reflectance in terms of rise time, optical coupling, average value, and variability. The average applied contact pressure and contact pressure variability were found to significantly depend on the probe operator, probe contact area, and surprisingly also on the sample stiffness. Based on the presented results, we propose a set of practical guidelines for operators of manual probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksimilijan Bregar
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Cugmas
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Naglic
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniela Hartmann
- Ludwig-Maximilian University, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Franjo Pernuš
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Likar
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miran Bürmen
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Imaging Technologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Steinberg I, Harbater O, Gannot I. Robust estimation of cerebral hemodynamics in neonates using multilayered diffusion model for normal and oblique incidences. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:71406. [PMID: 24604607 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.7.071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion approximation is useful for many optical diagnostics modalities, such as near-infrared spectroscopy. However, the simple normal incidence, semi-infinite layer model may prove lacking in estimation of deep-tissue optical properties such as required for monitoring cerebral hemodynamics, especially in neonates. To answer this need, we present an analytical multilayered, oblique incidence diffusion model. Initially, the model equations are derived in vector-matrix form to facilitate fast and simple computation. Then, the spatiotemporal reflectance predicted by the model for a complex neonate head is compared with time-resolved Monte Carlo (TRMC) simulations under a wide range of physiologically feasible parameters. The high accuracy of the multilayer model is demonstrated in that the deviation from TRMC simulations is only a few percent even under the toughest conditions. We then turn to solve the inverse problem and estimate the oxygen saturation of deep brain tissues based on the temporal and spatial behaviors of the reflectance. Results indicate that temporal features of the reflectance are more sensitive to deep-layer optical parameters. The accuracy of estimation is shown to be more accurate and robust than the commonly used single-layer diffusion model. Finally, the limitations of such approaches are discussed thoroughly.
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35
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Wall RA, Barton JK. Oblique incidence reflectometry: optical models and measurements using a side-viewing gradient index lens-based endoscopic imaging system. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:067002. [PMID: 24892970 PMCID: PMC4042830 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.6.067002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A side-viewing, 2.3-mm diameter oblique incidence reflectometry endoscope has been designed to obtain optical property measurements of turbid samples. Light from a single-mode fiber is relayed obliquely onto the tissue with a gradient index lens-based distal optics assembly and the resulting diffuse reflectance profile is imaged and collected with a 30,000 element, 0.72 mm clear aperture fiber bundle. Sampling the diffuse reflectance in two-dimensions allows for fitting of the reflected intensity profile to a well-known theoretical model, permitting the extraction of both absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of the tissue sample. Models and measurements of the endoscopic imaging system are presented in tissue phantoms and in vivo mouse colon, verifying the endoscope's capabilities to accurately measure effective attenuation coefficient and differentiate diseased from normal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Andrew Wall
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Jennifer K. Barton
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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36
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Lim L, Nichols B, Migden MR, Rajaram N, Reichenberg JS, Markey MK, Ross MI, Tunnell JW. Clinical study of noninvasive in vivo melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers using multimodal spectral diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:117003. [PMID: 25375350 PMCID: PMC4222134 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.11.117003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic capability of a multimodal spectral diagnosis (SD) for in vivo noninvasive disease diagnosis of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. We acquired reflectance, fluorescence, and Raman spectra from 137 lesions in 76 patients using custom-built optical fiber-based clinical systems. Biopsies of lesions were classified using standard histopathology as malignant melanoma (MM), nonmelanoma pigmented lesion (PL), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), actinic keratosis (AK), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Spectral data were analyzed using principal component analysis. Using multiple diagnostically relevant principal components, we built leave-one-out logistic regression classifiers. Classification results were compared with histopathology of the lesion. Sensitivity/specificity for classifying MM versus PL (12 versus 17 lesions) was 100%/100%, for SCC and BCC versus AK (57 versus 14 lesions) was 95%/71%, and for AK and SCC and BCC versus normal skin (71 versus 71 lesions) was 90%/85%. The best classification for nonmelanoma skin cancers required multiple modalities; however, the best melanoma classification occurred with Raman spectroscopy alone. The high diagnostic accuracy for classifying both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer lesions demonstrates the potential for SD as a clinical diagnostic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lim
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brandon Nichols
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael R. Migden
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, 6655 Travis Street Suite 650, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jason S. Reichenberg
- University of Texas Southwestern-Austin, Department of Dermatology, 601 E 15th Street, Austin, Texas 78701, United States
| | - Mia K. Markey
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Merrick I. Ross
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Surgical Oncology, 1400 Pressler Unit #1484, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - James W. Tunnell
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 W. Dean Keeton Street C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Morgounova E, Shao Q, Hackel BJ, Thomas DD, Ashkenazi S. Photoacoustic lifetime contrast between methylene blue monomers and self-quenched dimers as a model for dual-labeled activatable probes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:56004. [PMID: 23640075 PMCID: PMC4023645 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.5.056004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Activatable photoacoustic probes efficiently combine the high spatial resolution and penetration depth of ultrasound with the high optical contrast and versatility of molecular imaging agents. Our approach is based on photoacoustic probing of the excited-state lifetime of methylene blue (MB), a fluorophore widely used in clinical therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Upon aggregation, static quenching between the bound molecules dramatically shortens their lifetime by three orders of magnitude. We present preliminary results demonstrating the ability of photoacoustic imaging to probe the lifetime contrast between monomers and dimers with high sensitivity in cylindrical phantoms. Gradual dimerization enhancement, driven by the addition of increasing concentrations of sodium sulfate to a MB solution, showed that lifetime-based photoacoustic probing decreases linearly with monomer concentration. Similarly, the addition of 4 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, a concentration that amplifies MB aggregation and reduces the monomer concentration by more than 20-fold, led to a signal decrease of more than 20 dB compared to a solution free of surfactant. These results suggest that photoacoustic imaging can be used to selectively detect the presence of monomers. We conclude by discussing the implementation of the monomer-dimer contrast mechanism for the development of an enzyme-specific activatable probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Morgounova
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Calin MA, Parasca SV, Savastru R, Calin MR, Dontu S. Optical techniques for the noninvasive diagnosis of skin cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1083-104. [PMID: 23552870 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the most investigated optical diagnostic techniques: optical coherence tomography, fluorescence spectrometry, reflectance spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and confocal microscopy. METHODS A search of three databases was conducted using specific keywords and explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria for the analysis of the performances of these techniques in the pre- and postoperative diagnosis of skin cancers. RESULTS Optical coherence tomography has shown promising results in the assessment of deep margins of skin tumors and inflammatory skin diseases, but differentiating premalignant from malignant lesions proved to be less effective. Fluorescence spectroscopy proved to be effective in revealing the biochemical composition of tissue; early detection of malignant melanoma was reliable only with stepwise two-photon excitation of melanin, while tumoral margin assessment and differential diagnosis between malignant and non-malignant lesions showed some conflicting results. Characterization of the structural properties of tissue can be made using diffuse reflectance spectrometry, and the values of the specificity and sensitivity of this method are ranging between 72-92 % and 64-92 %, respectively. Raman spectroscopy proved to have better results both in carcinoma and melanoma diagnosis with sensitivities and specificities above 90 % and high above 50 %, respectively. Confocal microscopy is the closest technique to pathological examination and has gained the most clinical acceptance, despite the need for a standardization of the interpretation algorithm. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these optical techniques proved to be effective in the diagnosis of skin cancer, but further studies are needed in finding the appropriate method or combination of methods that can have wide clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Antonina Calin
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor Street, PO Box MG5, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.
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