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Zhang XB, Song Y, Lai YT, Qiu SZ, Hu AK, Li DX, Zheng NS, Zeng HQ, Lin QC. MiR-210-3p enhances intermittent hypoxia-induced tumor progression via inhibition of E2F3. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:607-617. [PMID: 37775619 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is related to tumorigenesis and progression. Although micro-ribonucleic acid-210-3p (miR-210-3p) is correlated with hypoxia-induced tumor development, its role in the relationship between IH and tumor function remains poorly understood. The present work focused on elucidating the molecular mechanism through which miR-210-3p drives tumor progression under IH. METHODS MiR-210-3p levels were quantified within tumor samples from patients with lung adenocarcinoma who had or did not have OSA. Correlations between miR-210-3p and polysomnographic variables were analyzed. For in vitro experiments, miR-210-3p was inhibited or overexpressed via transfection under IH conditions. Cell viability, growth, invasion and migration assays were carried out. For in vivo modeling of IH using mouse xenografts, a miR-210-3p antagomir was intratumorally injected, tumor biological behaviors were evaluated, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry and western blot were carried out for detecting miR-210-3p and E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) expression. RESULTS For patients with lung adenocarcinoma and OSA, high miR-210-3p levels showed positive relation to polysomnographic variables, such as oxygen desaturation index, apnea-hypopnea index, and proportion of total sleep time with oxygen saturation in arterial blood < 90%. IH enhanced tumor viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, downregulated E2F3 expression, and increased miR-210-3-p levels. miR-210-3p overexpression induced similar changes. These changes were reversed by miR-210-3p inhibition in vitro or miR-210-3p antagomir through intratumoral injection in vivo. CONCLUSIONS IH-induced tumor development is driven through miR-210-3p by E2F3 suppression. MiR-210-3p represents a potential therapeutic target among patients with concomitant cancer and OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Song
- Ningde Food and Drug Inspection Testing Center, Ningde, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ting Lai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Zhao Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Ke Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Xi Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Shan Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qing Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Chang Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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van Gelderen TA, Ribas L. miR-210 promotes immune- and suppresses oocyte meiosis-related genes in the zebrafish ovarian cells. Genomics 2024; 116:110820. [PMID: 38437972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
microRNA-210 (miRNA), a well-documented miRNA, has been implicated in a myriad of biological processes, including responses to hypoxia, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and male infertility in humans. However, a comprehensive understanding of its functions in fish requires further investigation. This study pursued to elucidate the downstream effect of dre-miR-210-5p on primary ovarian cell culture in zebrafish (Danio rerio), an animal model. A protocol was settled down by incubations with either an miR-210 mimic or a scrambled miRNA in the isolated ovaries. RNA-sequencing analysis identified ∼6000 differentially expressed target genes revealing that downregulated genes were associated with reproduction-related pathways while immune-related pathways displayed an upregulated pattern. To identify molecular markers, predicted target genes were classified into reproduction and immune cell types. These findings underscore the existence of a profound interplay between the reproductive and immune systems, with miR-210 emerging as a pivotal player in orchestrating transcriptomic alterations within fish ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca A van Gelderen
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; PhD program in Genetics, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laia Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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Liu J, Jiang Y, Chen L, Qian Z, Zhang Y. Associations between HIFs and tumor immune checkpoints: mechanism and therapy. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:2. [PMID: 38165484 PMCID: PMC10761656 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, which activates a variety of signaling pathways to enhance tumor cell growth and metabolism, is among the primary features of tumor cells. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have a substantial impact on a variety of facets of tumor biology, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, and improved radiation resistance. HIFs induce hypoxia-adaptive responses in tumor cells. Many academics have presented preclinical and clinical research targeting HIFs in tumor therapy, highlighting the potential applicability of targeted HIFs. In recent years, the discovery of numerous pharmacological drugs targeting the regulatory mechanisms of HIFs has garnered substantial attention. Additionally, HIF inhibitors have attained positive results when used in conjunction with traditional oncology radiation and/or chemotherapy, as well as with the very promising addition of tumor immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), which are employed in a range of cancer treatments over the past decades, are essential in tumor immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the use of immunotherapy has been severely hampered by tumor resistance and treatment-related toxicity. According to research, HIF inhibitors paired with CPIs may be game changers for multiple malignancies, decreasing malignant cell plasticity and cancer therapy resistance, among other things, and opening up substantial new pathways for immunotherapy drug development. The structure, activation mechanisms, and pharmacological sites of action of the HIF family are briefly reviewed in this work. This review further explores the interactions between HIF inhibitors and other tumor immunotherapy components and covers the potential clinical use of HIF inhibitors in combination with CPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiwen Qian
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 214000, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Abou Khouzam R, Janji B, Thiery J, Zaarour RF, Chamseddine AN, Mayr H, Savagner P, Kieda C, Gad S, Buart S, Lehn JM, Limani P, Chouaib S. Hypoxia as a potential inducer of immune tolerance, tumor plasticity and a driver of tumor mutational burden: Impact on cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:104-123. [PMID: 38029865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In cancer patients, immune cells are often functionally compromised due to the immunosuppressive features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) which contribute to the failures in cancer therapies. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that developing tumors adapt to the immunological environment and create a local microenvironment that impairs immune function by inducing immune tolerance and invasion. In this context, microenvironmental hypoxia, which is an established hallmark of solid tumors, significantly contributes to tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance through the induction of tumor plasticity/heterogeneity and, more importantly, through the differentiation and expansion of immune-suppressive stromal cells. We and others have provided evidence indicating that hypoxia also drives genomic instability in cancer cells and interferes with DNA damage response and repair suggesting that hypoxia could be a potential driver of tumor mutational burden. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on how hypoxic stress in the TME impacts tumor angiogenesis, heterogeneity, plasticity, and immune resistance, with a special interest in tumor immunogenicity and hypoxia targeting. An integrated understanding of the complexity of the effect of hypoxia on the immune and microenvironmental components could lead to the identification of better adapted and more effective combinational strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Clearly, the discovery and validation of therapeutic targets derived from the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is of major importance and the identification of critical hypoxia-associated pathways could generate targets that are undeniably attractive for combined cancer immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raefa Abou Khouzam
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Bassam Janji
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) Group, 6A, rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg city, Luxembourg.
| | - Jerome Thiery
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Rania Faouzi Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ali N Chamseddine
- Gastroenterology Department, Cochin University Hospital, Université de Paris, APHP, Paris, France; Ambroise Paré - Hartmann Private Hospital Group, Oncology Unit, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Hemma Mayr
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Savagner
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; Centre for Molecular Biophysics, UPR 4301 CNRS, 45071 Orleans, France; Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sophie Gad
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences Lettres University (PSL), 75014 Paris, France; UMR CNRS 9019, Genome Integrity and Cancers, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Stéphanie Buart
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Perparim Limani
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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5
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Nayak V, Patra S, Singh KR, Ganguly B, Kumar DN, Panda D, Maurya GK, Singh J, Majhi S, Sharma R, Pandey SS, Singh RP, Kerry RG. Advancement in precision diagnosis and therapeutic for triple-negative breast cancer: Harnessing diagnostic potential of CRISPR-cas & engineered CAR T-cells mediated therapeutics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116573. [PMID: 37437865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, disrupted regulatory pathways, and the accumulation of genetic mutations. These mutations across different types of cancer lead to disruptions in signaling pathways and alterations in protein expression related to cellular growth and proliferation. This review highlights the AKT signaling cascade and the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) regulating cascade as promising for novel nanotheranostic interventions. Through synergizing state-of-the-art gene editing tools like the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system with nanomaterials and targeting AKT, there is potential to enhance cancer diagnostics significantly. Furthermore, the integration of modified CAR-T cells into multifunctional nanodelivery systems offers a promising approach for targeted cancer inhibition, including the eradication of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Within the context of highly aggressive and metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), this review specifically focuses on devising innovative nanotheranostics. For both pre-clinical and post-clinical TNBC detection, the utilization of the CRISPR-Cas system, guided by RNA (gRNA) and coupled with a fluorescent reporter specifically designed to detect TNBC's mutated sequence, could be promising. Additionally, a cutting-edge approach involving the engineering of TNBC-specific iCAR and syn-Notch CAR T-cells, combined with the co-delivery of a hybrid polymeric nano-liposome encapsulating a conditionally replicative adenoviral vector (CRAdV) against CSCs, could present an intriguing intervention strategy. This review thus paves the way for exciting advancements in the field of nanotheranostics for the treatment of TNBC and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Nayak
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease- International Center for Foot and Mouth Disease, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Bristy Ganguly
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Das Nishant Kumar
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepak Panda
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanatan Majhi
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam S Pandey
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Rout George Kerry
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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6
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Rana PS, Goparaju K, Driscoll JJ. Shutting off the fuel supply to target metabolic vulnerabilities in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1141851. [PMID: 37361580 PMCID: PMC10285382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1141851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways that govern cellular bioenergetics are deregulated in tumor cells and represent a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells have the capacity to reprogram pathways that control nutrient acquisition, anabolism and catabolism to enhance their growth and survival. Tumorigenesis requires the autonomous reprogramming of key metabolic pathways that obtain, generate and produce metabolites from a nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment to meet the increased bioenergetic demands of cancer cells. Intra- and extracellular factors also have a profound effect on gene expression to drive metabolic pathway reprogramming in not only cancer cells but also surrounding cell types that contribute to anti-tumor immunity. Despite a vast amount of genetic and histologic heterogeneity within and between cancer types, a finite set of pathways are commonly deregulated to support anabolism, catabolism and redox balance. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy in adults and remains incurable in the vast majority of patients. Genetic events and the hypoxic bone marrow milieu deregulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis in MM cells to promote their proliferation, survival, metastasis, drug resistance and evasion of immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss mechanisms that disrupt metabolic pathways in MM cells to support the development of therapeutic resistance and thwart the effects of anti-myeloma immunity. A better understanding of the events that reprogram metabolism in myeloma and immune cells may reveal unforeseen vulnerabilities and advance the rational design of drug cocktails that improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Rana
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Immune Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Krishna Goparaju
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James J. Driscoll
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Immune Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Mandys V, Popov A, Gürlich R, Havránek J, Pfeiferová L, Kolář M, Vránová J, Smetana K, Lacina L, Szabo P. Expression of Selected miRNAs in Normal and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and in BxPc3 and MIA PaCa-2 Cell Lines of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043617. [PMID: 36835029 PMCID: PMC9961675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains challenging, and the chances of a complete cure are very limited. As in other types of cancer, the expression and role of miRNAs in controlling the biological properties of this type of tumor have been extensively studied. A better insight into miRNA biology seems critical to refining diagnostics and improving their therapeutic potential. In this study, we focused on the expression of miR-21, -96, -196a, -210, and -217 in normal fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts prepared from a ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. We compared these data with miRNAs in homogenates of paraffin-embedded sections from normal pancreatic tissues. In cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cell lines, miRNAs differed significantly from the normal tissue. In detail, miR-21 and -210 were significantly upregulated, while miR-217 was downregulated. Similar transcription profiles were earlier reported in cancer-associated fibroblasts exposed to hypoxia. However, the cells in our study were cultured under normoxic conditions. We also noted a relation to IL-6 production. In conclusion, cultured cancer-associated fibroblasts and carcinoma cells reflect miR-21 and -210 expression similarly to the cancer tissue samples harvested from the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Mandys
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexey Popov
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Gürlich
- Department of Surgery, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Havránek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pfeiferová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vránová
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Szabo
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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8
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Tang S, Liu D, Fang Y, Yong L, Zhang Y, Guan M, Lin X, Wang H, Cai F. Low expression of HIF1AN accompanied by less immune infiltration is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1080910. [PMID: 36816977 PMCID: PMC9932925 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1080910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) stability and transcriptional action are reduced by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha subunit suppressor (HIF1AN). Its inappropriate expression is associated with the development of cancer and immune control. It is yet unknown how HIF1AN, clinical outcomes, and immune involvement in breast cancer (BC) are related. Methods Using the GEPIA, UALCAN, TIMER, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and TISIDB datasets, a thorough analysis of HIF1AN differential expression, medical prognosis, and the relationship between HIF1AN and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in BC was conducted. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of BC cells were used for external validation. Results The findings revealed that, as compared to standard specimens, BC cells had significantly lower levels of HIF1AN expression. Good overall survival (OS) for BC was associated with higher HIF1AN expression. Additionally, in BC, the expression of HIF1AN was closely associated with the chemokines and immune cell infiltration, including neutrophils, macrophages, T helper cells, B cells, Tregs, monocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells. A high correlation between HIF1AN expression and several immunological indicators of T-cell exhaustion was particularly revealed by the bioinformatic study. Conclusions HIF1AN is a predictive indicator for breast tumors, and it is useful for predicting survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyun Yong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengying Guan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Fengfeng Cai, ; Hui Wang,
| | - Fengfeng Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Fengfeng Cai, ; Hui Wang,
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Wu J, Wang X, Chen L, Wang J, Zhang J, Tang J, Ji Y, Song J, Wang L, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Li T, Sheng J, Chen D, Zhang Q, Liang T. Oxygen microcapsules improve immune checkpoint blockade by ameliorating hypoxia condition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:259-270. [PMID: 35702611 PMCID: PMC9168385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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10
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Zhuang Y, Liu K, He Q, Gu X, Jiang C, Wu J. Hypoxia signaling in cancer: Implications for therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e203. [PMID: 36703877 PMCID: PMC9870816 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a persistent physiological feature of many different solid tumors and a key driver of malignancy, and in recent years, it has been recognized as an important target for cancer therapy. Hypoxia occurs in the majority of solid tumors due to a poor vascular oxygen supply that is not sufficient to meet the needs of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. A hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) can reduce the effectiveness of other tumor therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the critical role of hypoxia in tumor development, including tumor metabolism, tumor immunity, and tumor angiogenesis. The treatment methods for hypoxic TME are summarized, including hypoxia-targeted therapy and improving oxygenation by alleviating tumor hypoxia itself. Hyperoxia therapy can be used to improve tissue oxygen partial pressure and relieve tumor hypoxia. We focus on the underlying mechanisms of hyperoxia and their impact on current cancer therapies and discuss the prospects of hyperoxia therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qinyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Microecological, Regenerative and Microfabrication Technical Platform for Biomedicine and Tissue EngineeringJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinan CityChina
| | - Chunping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Microecological, Regenerative and Microfabrication Technical Platform for Biomedicine and Tissue EngineeringJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinan CityChina
| | - Junhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Microecological, Regenerative and Microfabrication Technical Platform for Biomedicine and Tissue EngineeringJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinan CityChina
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11
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Predicting Microenvironment in CXCR4- and FAP-Positive Solid Tumors-A Pan-Cancer Machine Learning Workflow for Theranostic Target Structures. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020392. [PMID: 36672341 PMCID: PMC9856808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) and Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha (FAP) are promising theranostic targets. However, it is unclear whether CXCR4 and FAP positivity mark distinct microenvironments, especially in solid tumors. (2) Methods: Using Random Forest (RF) analysis, we searched for entity-independent mRNA and microRNA signatures related to CXCR4 and FAP overexpression in our pan-cancer cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database-representing n = 9242 specimens from 29 tumor entities. CXCR4- and FAP-positive samples were assessed via StringDB cluster analysis, EnrichR, Metascape, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Findings were validated via correlation analyses in n = 1541 tumor samples. TIMER2.0 analyzed the association of CXCR4 / FAP expression and infiltration levels of immune-related cells. (3) Results: We identified entity-independent CXCR4 and FAP gene signatures representative for the majority of solid cancers. While CXCR4 positivity marked an immune-related microenvironment, FAP overexpression highlighted an angiogenesis-associated niche. TIMER2.0 analysis confirmed characteristic infiltration levels of CD8+ cells for CXCR4-positive tumors and endothelial cells for FAP-positive tumors. (4) Conclusions: CXCR4- and FAP-directed PET imaging could provide a non-invasive decision aid for entity-agnostic treatment of microenvironment in solid malignancies. Moreover, this machine learning workflow can easily be transferred towards other theranostic targets.
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12
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Meng Q, Deng Y, Lu Y, Wu C, Tang S. Tumor-derived miRNAs as tumor microenvironment regulators for synergistic therapeutic options. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:423-439. [PMID: 36378341 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that perform post-transcriptional gene regulation. This review focuses on the role of tumor cell-derived miRNAs in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) via receptor cell recoding, including angiogenesis, expression of immunosuppressive molecules, formation of radiation resistance, and chemoresistance. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of these molecules as adjuvant therapies in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy, as well as their advantages as efficacy predictors for personalized therapy. MiRNA-based therapeutic agents for tumors are currently in clinical trials, and while challenges remain, additional research on tumor-derived miRNAs is warranted, which may provide significant clinical benefits to cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxing Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Yaoming Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Shifu Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China. .,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China.
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13
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Abstract
MicroRNA-210 (miR-210) is a miRNA with imperative effects in the pathophysiology of human disorders. miR-210 is encoded by MIR210 gene on chromosome 11p15.5. The stem-loop of this miRNA resides in an intron of the AK123483 noncoding RNA. This miRNA is a major hypoxamir whose expression is increased in hypoxic condition in several types of cells. miR-210 has been shown to be up-regulated in almost all types of examined cancer types, except for bladder cancer, angiosarcoma and glioblastoma. Dysregulation of miR-210 in colorectal carcinoma, gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, glioblastoma and laryngeal carcinoma has been related with poor clinical outcomes. In the current review, we provide a comprehensive summary of participation of miR-210 in human disorders.
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14
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Role of miRNA in Melanoma Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010201. [PMID: 36613640 PMCID: PMC9820801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and progressive skin cancers. It develops from normal pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes, so it is important to know the mechanism behind such transformations. The study of metastasis mechanisms is crucial for a better understanding the biology of neoplastic cells. Metastasis of melanoma, or any type of cancer, is a multi-stage process in which the neoplastic cells leave the primary tumour, travel through the blood and/or lymphatic vessels, settle in distant organs and create secondary tumours. MicroRNA (miRNA) can participate in several steps of the metastatic process. This review presents the role of miRNA molecules in the development and progression as well as the immune response to melanoma.
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15
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Deng Y, Xiao M, Wan AH, Li J, Sun L, Liang H, Wang QP, Yin S, Bu X, Wan G. RNA and RNA Derivatives: Light and Dark Sides in Cancer Immunotherapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1266-1290. [PMID: 35369726 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Immunotherapy, which utilizes the patient's immune system to fight tumor cells, has been approved for the treatment of some types of advanced cancer. Recent Advances: The complexity and diversity of tumor immunity are responsible for the varying response rates toward current immunotherapy strategies and highlight the importance of exploring regulators in tumor immunotherapy. Several genetic factors have proved to be critical regulators of tumor immunotherapy. RNAs, including messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs, play vital and diverse roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunotherapy response. RNA modifications, including N6-methyladenosine methylation, are involved in tumor immunity. Critical Issues: A critical issue is the lack of summary of the regulatory RNA molecules and their derivatives in mediating immune activities in human cancers that could provide potential applications for tumor immunotherapeutic strategy. Future Directions: This review summarizes the dual roles (the light and dark sides) of RNA and its derivatives in tumor immunotherapy and discusses the development of RNA-based therapies as novel immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1266-1290.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Deng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Arabella H Wan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Liang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhang Bu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Wan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, National Engineering Research Center for New Drug and Druggability (Cultivation), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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The Roles of MiRNAs (MicroRNAs) in Melanoma Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314775. [PMID: 36499102 PMCID: PMC9736803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, characterized by life-threatening and rapidly spreading progression. Traditional targeted therapy can alleviate tumors by inactivating hyperactive kinases such as BRAF or MEK but inevitably encounters drug resistance. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized melanoma treatment and significantly improved the prognosis of melanoma patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are intricately involved in innate and adaptive immunity and are implicated in melanoma immunotherapy. This systematic review describes the roles of miRNAs in regulating the functions of immune cells in skin and melanoma, as well as the involvement of miRNAs in pharmacology including the effect, resistance and immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, which are used for treating cutaneous, uveal and mucosal melanoma. The expressions and functions of miRNAs in immunotherapy employing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and Toll-like receptor 9 agonists are also discussed. The prospect of innovative therapeutic strategies such as the combined administration of miRNAs and immune checkpoint inhibitors and the nanotechnology-based delivery of miRNAs are also provided. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between miRNAs and immunotherapy is crucial for the discovery of reliable biomarkers and for the development of novel miRNA-based therapeutics against melanoma.
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17
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Karami Fath M, Azargoonjahromi A, Soofi A, Almasi F, Hosseinzadeh S, Khalili S, Sheikhi K, Ferdousmakan S, Owrangi S, Fahimi M, Zalpoor H, Nabi Afjadi M, Payandeh Z, Pourzardosht N. Current understanding of epigenetics role in melanoma treatment and resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:313. [PMID: 36224606 PMCID: PMC9555085 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer resulting from genetic mutations in melanocytes. Several factors have been considered to be involved in melanoma progression, including genetic alteration, processes of damaged DNA repair, and changes in mechanisms of cell growth and proliferation. Epigenetics is the other factor with a crucial role in melanoma development. Epigenetic changes have become novel targets for treating patients suffering from melanoma. These changes can alter the expression of microRNAs and their interaction with target genes, which involves cell growth, differentiation, or even death. Given these circumstances, we conducted the present review to discuss the melanoma risk factors and represent the current knowledge about the factors related to its etiopathogenesis. Moreover, various epigenetic pathways, which are involved in melanoma progression, treatment, and chemo-resistance, as well as employed epigenetic factors as a solution to the problems, will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Asma Soofi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Sheikhi
- School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Saeid Ferdousmakan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nargund College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560085 India
| | - Soroor Owrangi
- Student Research Committe, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Navid Pourzardosht
- Biochemistry Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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18
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Xu Z, Chen Y, Ma L, Chen Y, Liu J, Guo Y, Yu T, Zhang L, Zhu L, Shu Y. Role of exosomal non-coding RNAs from tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3133-3154. [PMID: 35405312 PMCID: PMC9552915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have a crucial role in intercellular communication and mediate interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in various physiological processes. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs induce M2 macrophage polarization through signaling pathway activation, signal transduction, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Conversely, TAM-derived exosomal ncRNAs promote tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immunosuppression. MicroRNAs induce gene silencing by directly targeting mRNAs, whereas lncRNAs and circRNAs act as miRNA sponges to indirectly regulate protein expressions. The role of ncRNAs in tumor-host interactions is ubiquitous. Current research is increasingly focused on the tumor microenvironment. On the basis of the "cancer-immunity cycle" hypothesis, we discuss the effects of exosomal ncRNAs on immune cells to induce T cell exhaustion, overexpression of programmed cell death ligands, and create a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss potential applications and prospects of exosomal ncRNAs as clinical biomarkers and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yizhang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jingya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lianghui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Oncology, The Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211112, China.
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Sawai S, Wong PF, Ramasamy TS. Hypoxia-regulated microRNAs: the molecular drivers of tumor progression. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:351-376. [PMID: 35900938 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2022.2088684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of nearly all solid tumors, leading to therapeutic failure. The changes in stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM), pH gradients, and chemical balance that contribute to multiple cancer hallmarks are closely regulated by intratumoral oxygen tension via its primary mediators, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs, especially HIF-1α, influence these changes in the TME by regulating vital cancer-associated signaling pathways and cellular processes including MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, STAT3, PI3K/Akt, Wnt, p53, and glycolysis. Interestingly, research has revealed the involvement of epigenetic regulation by hypoxia-regulated microRNAs (HRMs) of downstream target genes involved in these signaling. Through literature search and analysis, we identified 48 HRMs that have a functional role in the regulation of 5 key cellular processes: proliferation, metabolism, survival, invasion and migration, and immunoregulation in various cancers in hypoxic condition. Among these HRMs, 17 were identified to be directly associated with HIFs which include miR-135b, miR-145, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-182, miR-210, miR-224, miR-301a, and miR-675-5p as oncomiRNAs, and miR-100-5p, miR-138, miR-138-5p, miR-153, miR-22, miR-338-3p, miR-519d-3p, and miR-548an as tumor suppressor miRNAs. These HRMs serve as a potential lead in the development of miRNA-based targeted therapy for advanced solid tumors. Future development of combined HIF-targeted and miRNA-targeted therapy is possible, which requires comprehensive profiling of HIFs-HRMs regulatory network, and improved formula of the delivery vehicles to enhance the therapeutic kinetics of the targeted cancer therapy (TCT) moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakunie Sawai
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thamil Selvee Ramasamy
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Janji B, Chouaib S. The Promise of Targeting Hypoxia to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy: Mirage or Reality? Front Immunol 2022; 13:880810. [PMID: 35795658 PMCID: PMC9251545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all solid tumors display hypoxic areas in the tumor microenvironment associated with therapeutic failure. It is now well established that the abnormal growth of malignant solid tumors exacerbates their susceptibility to hypoxia. Therefore, targeting hypoxia remains an attractive strategy to sensitize tumors to various therapies. Tumor cell adaptions to hypoxia are primarily mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). Sensing hypoxia by HIF-1α impairs the apoptotic potential of tumor cells, thus increasing their proliferative capacity and contributing to the development of a chaotic vasculature in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, in addition to the negative impact of hypoxia on tumor response to chemo- and radio-therapies, hypoxia has also been described as a major hijacker of the tumor response by impairing the tumor cell susceptibility to immune cell killing. This review is not intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the work published by several groups on the multiple mechanisms by which hypoxia impairs the anti-tumor immunity and establishes the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. There are several excellent reviews highlighting the value of targeting hypoxia to improve the benefit of immunotherapy. Here, we first provide a brief overview of the mechanisms involved in the establishment of hypoxic stress in the tumor microenvironment. We then discuss our recently published data on how targeting hypoxia, by deleting a critical domain in HIF-1α, contributes to the improvement of the anti-tumor immune response. Our aim is to support the current dogma about the relevance of targeting hypoxia in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Janji
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Cancer Research. Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Salem Chouaib, ; Bassam Janji,
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Thumbay Research Institute of Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Salem Chouaib, ; Bassam Janji,
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21
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Belpaire M, Taminiau A, Geerts D, Rezsohazy R. HOXA1, a breast cancer oncogene. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188747. [PMID: 35675857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 25 years ago, the first literature records mentioned HOXA1 expression in human breast cancer. A few years later, HOXA1 was confirmed as a proper oncogene in mammary tissue. In the following two decades, molecular data about the mode of action of the HOXA1 protein, the factors contributing to activate and maintain HOXA1 gene expression and the identity of its target genes have accumulated and provide a wider view on the association of this transcription factor to breast oncogenesis. Large-scale transcriptomic data gathered from wide cohorts of patients further allowed refining the relationship between breast cancer type and HOXA1 expression. Several recent reports have reviewed the connection between cancer hallmarks and the biology of HOX genes in general. Here we take HOXA1 as a paradigm and propose an extensive overview of the molecular data centered on this oncoprotein, from what its expression modulators, to the interactors contributing to its oncogenic activities, and to the pathways and genes it controls. The data converge to an intricate picture that answers questions on the multi-modality of its oncogene activities, point towards better understanding of breast cancer aetiology and thereby provides an appraisal for treatment opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Belpaire
- Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology Group (AMCB), Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Taminiau
- Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology Group (AMCB), Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Heart Failure Research Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - René Rezsohazy
- Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology Group (AMCB), Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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22
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Extracellular Vesicles—A New Potential Player in the Immunology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050772. [PMID: 35629194 PMCID: PMC9144962 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has doubled in the developed world within the last fifty years, and now it is responsible for 2–3% of diagnosed cancers. The delay in diagnosis and the not fully understood pathogenesis are the main challenges that have to be overcome. It seems that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the key players in tumor development since they ensure a proper microenvironment for the tumor cells. The stimulation of angiogenesis and immunosuppression is mediated by molecules contained in EVs. It was shown that EVs derived from cancer cells can inhibit T cell proliferation, natural killer lymphocyte activation, and dendritic cell maturation by this mechanism. Moreover, EVs may be a biomarker for the response to anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we sum up the knowledge about the role of EVs in RCC pathogenesis and show their future perspectives in this field.
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23
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Abou Khouzam R, Zaarour RF, Brodaczewska K, Azakir B, Venkatesh GH, Thiery J, Terry S, Chouaib S. The Effect of Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Associated Pathways in the Regulation of Antitumor Response: Friends or Foes? Front Immunol 2022; 13:828875. [PMID: 35211123 PMCID: PMC8861358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.828875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an environmental stressor that is instigated by low oxygen availability. It fuels the progression of solid tumors by driving tumor plasticity, heterogeneity, stemness and genomic instability. Hypoxia metabolically reprograms the tumor microenvironment (TME), adding insult to injury to the acidic, nutrient deprived and poorly vascularized conditions that act to dampen immune cell function. Through its impact on key cancer hallmarks and by creating a physical barrier conducive to tumor survival, hypoxia modulates tumor cell escape from the mounted immune response. The tumor cell-immune cell crosstalk in the context of a hypoxic TME tips the balance towards a cold and immunosuppressed microenvironment that is resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Nonetheless, evidence is emerging that could make hypoxia an asset for improving response to ICI. Tackling the tumor immune contexture has taken on an in silico, digitalized approach with an increasing number of studies applying bioinformatics to deconvolute the cellular and non-cellular elements of the TME. Such approaches have additionally been combined with signature-based proxies of hypoxia to further dissect the turbulent hypoxia-immune relationship. In this review we will be highlighting the mechanisms by which hypoxia impacts immune cell functions and how that could translate to predicting response to immunotherapy in an era of machine learning and computational biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raefa Abou Khouzam
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania Faouzi Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bilal Azakir
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Goutham Hassan Venkatesh
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jerome Thiery
- INSERM U1186, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Stéphane Terry
- INSERM U1186, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Research Department, Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,INSERM U1186, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Sacco A, Martelli F, Pal A, Saraceno C, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Rongioletti M, Squitti R. Regulatory miRNAs in Cardiovascular and Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on Copper. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3327. [PMID: 35328747 PMCID: PMC8948703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), are key regulators of differentiation and development. In the cell, transcription factors regulate the production of miRNA in response to different external stimuli. Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal and an essential micronutrient with widespread industrial applications. It is involved in a number of vital biological processes encompassing respiration, blood cell line maturation, and immune responses. In recent years, the link between deregulation of miRNAs' functionality and the development of various pathologies as well as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been extensively studied. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly with a complex disease etiology, and its link with Cu abnormalities is being increasingly studied. A direct interaction between COMMD1, a regulator of the Cu pathway, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) HIF-1a does exist in ischemic injury, but little information has been collected on the role of Cu in hypoxia associated with AD thus far. The current review deals with this matter in an attempt to structurally discuss the link between miRNA expression and Cu dysregulation in AD and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sacco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - Amit Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Kalyani 741245, India;
| | - Claudia Saraceno
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
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25
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Islam SU, Ahmed MB, Sonn JK, Jin EJ, Lee YS. PRP4 Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Drug Resistance in Colon Cancer Cells via Activation of p53. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063092. [PMID: 35328513 PMCID: PMC8955441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA processing factor 4B (PRP4) promotes pre-mRNA splicing and signal transduction. Recent studies have shown that PRP4 modulates the assembly of actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells and induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance. PRP4 displays kinase domain-like cyclin-dependent kinases and mitogen-activated protein kinases, making it capable of phosphorylating p53 and other target proteins. In the current study, we report that PRP4 induces drug resistance and EMT via direct binding to the p53 protein, inducing its phosphorylation. Moreover, PRP4 overexpression activates the transcription of miR-210 in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent manner, which activates p53. The involvement of miR-210 in the activation of p53 was confirmed by utilizing si-miR210. si-miR210 blocked the PRP4-activated cell survival pathways and reversed the PRP4-induced EMT phenotype. Moreover, we used deferoxamine as a hypoxia-mimetic agent, and si-HIF to silence HIF-1α. This procedure demonstrated that PRP4-induced EMT and drug resistance emerged in response to consecutive activation of HIF-1α, miR-210, and p53 by PRP4 overexpression. Collectively, our findings suggest that the PRP4 contributes to EMT and drug resistance induction via direct interactions with p53 and actions that promote upregulation of HIF-1α and miR-210. We conclude that PRP4 is an essential factor promoting cancer development and progression. Specific PRP4 inhibition could benefit patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Cecos University, Hayatabad, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Jong-Kyung Sonn
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.J.); (Y.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-63-8500-6197(E.-J.J.); +82-53-950-6353 (Y.-S.L.); Fax: +82-53-943-2762 (E.-J.J.)
| | - Young-Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.-J.J.); (Y.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-63-8500-6197(E.-J.J.); +82-53-950-6353 (Y.-S.L.); Fax: +82-53-943-2762 (E.-J.J.)
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Extracellular ATP promotes breast cancer chemoresistance via HIF-1α signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:199. [PMID: 35236823 PMCID: PMC8891368 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) promotes breast cancer cell chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using a cDNA microarray, we demonstrated that extracellular ATP can stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling. In this study, we report that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was upregulated after ATP treatment and mediated the ATP-driven chemoresistance process. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms and identify potential clinically relevant targets that are involved. Using mass spectrometry, we found that aldolase A (ALDOA) interacts with HIF-1α and increases HIF-1α expression. We then demonstrated that STAT3-ALDOA mediates ATP-HIF-1α signaling and upregulates the HIF-1 target genes adrenomedullin (ADM) and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1). Moreover, we show that PI3K/AKT acts upstream of HIF-1α in ATP signaling and contributes to chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. In addition, HIF-1α-knockdown or treatment with direct HIF inhibitors combined with the ATP hydrolase apyrase in MDA-MB-231 cells induced enhanced drug sensitivity in nude BALB/c mice. We then used in vitro spheroid formation assays to demonstrate the significance of ATP-HIF-1α in mediating chemoresistance. Furthermore, considering that indirect HIF inhibitors are effective in clinical cancer therapy, we treated tumor-bearing BALB/c mice with STAT3 and PI3K/AKT inhibitors and found that the dual-targeting strategy sensitized breast cancer to cisplatin. Finally, using breast cancer tissue microarrays, we found that ATP-HIF-1α signaling is associated with cancer progression, poor prognosis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Taken together, we suggest that HIF-1α signaling is vital in ATP-driven chemoresistance and may serve as a potential target for breast cancer therapies.
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27
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Zhou Z, Collado A, Sun C, Tratsiakovich Y, Mahdi A, Winter H, Chernogubova E, Seime T, Narayanan S, Jiao T, Jin H, Alvarsson M, Zheng X, Yang J, Hedin U, Catrina SB, Maegdefessel L, Pernow J. Downregulation of Erythrocyte miR-210 Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:285-297. [PMID: 34753800 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) act as mediators of vascular injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). miR-210 plays a protective role in cardiovascular homeostasis and is decreased in whole blood of T2DM mice. We hypothesized that downregulation of RBC miR-210 induces endothelial dysfunction in T2DM. RBC were coincubated with arteries and endothelial cells ex vivo and transfused in vivo to identify the role of miR-210 and its target protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in endothelial dysfunction. RBC from patients with T2DM and diabetic rodents induced endothelial dysfunction ex vivo and in vivo. miR-210 levels were lower in human RBC from patients with T2DM (T2DM RBC) than in RBC from healthy subjects. Transfection of miR-210 in human T2DM RBC rescued endothelial function, whereas miR-210 inhibition in healthy subjects RBC or RBC from miR-210 knockout mice impaired endothelial function. Human T2DM RBC decreased miR-210 expression in endothelial cells. miR-210 expression in carotid artery plaques was lower in T2DM patients than in patients without diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction induced by downregulated RBC miR-210 involved PTP1B and reactive oxygen species. miR-210 mimic attenuated endothelial dysfunction induced by RBC via downregulating vascular PTP1B and oxidative stress in diabetic mice in vivo. These data reveal that the downregulation of RBC miR-210 is a novel mechanism driving the development of endothelial dysfunction in T2DM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/blood
- Diabetic Angiopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Erythrocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aida Collado
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changyan Sun
- Division of Molecular Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yahor Tratsiakovich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Mahdi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Winter
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Chernogubova
- Division of Molecular Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Till Seime
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sampath Narayanan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tong Jiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Jin
- Division of Molecular Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Alvarsson
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiangning Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centrum for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Division of Molecular Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Boussadia Z, Gambardella AR, Mattei F, Parolini I. Acidic and Hypoxic Microenvironment in Melanoma: Impact of Tumour Exosomes on Disease Progression. Cells 2021; 10:3311. [PMID: 34943819 PMCID: PMC8699343 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of melanoma progression have been extensively studied in the last decade, and despite the diagnostic and therapeutic advancements pursued, malignant melanoma still accounts for 60% of skin cancer deaths. Therefore, research efforts are required to better define the intercellular molecular steps underlying the melanoma development. In an attempt to represent the complexity of the tumour microenvironment (TME), here we analysed the studies on melanoma in acidic and hypoxic microenvironments and the interactions with stromal and immune cells. Within TME, acidity and hypoxia force melanoma cells to adapt and to evolve into a malignant phenotype, through the cooperation of the tumour-surrounding stromal cells and the escape from the immune surveillance. The role of tumour exosomes in the intercellular crosstalk has been generally addressed, but less studied in acidic and hypoxic conditions. Thus, this review aims to summarize the role of acidic and hypoxic microenvironment in melanoma biology, as well as the role played by melanoma-derived exosomes (Mexo) under these conditions. We also present a perspective on the characteristics of acidic and hypoxic exosomes to disclose molecules, to be further considered as promising biomarkers for an early detection of the disease. An update on the use of exosomes in melanoma diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment will be also provided and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Boussadia
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Adriana Rosa Gambardella
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Isabella Parolini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Sun Y, Zhou Z, Yang S, Yang H. Modulating hypoxia inducible factor-1 by nanomaterials for effective cancer therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1766. [PMID: 34713633 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, which is induced by abnormal tumor growth when it outstrips its oxygen supply, is a major character of cancer. The reaction of cells against hypoxia is mainly concentrated on the hypoxia-induced transcription factors (HIFs), especially HIF-1, which remain stabilized during hypoxia. Additionally, the oxygen-independent mechanism of regulating HIF-1 acts a vital part in different stages of tumor progression as well as chemo-/radio-/PDT resistance, resulting in poor curative effects and prognosis. In this review, we will outline the up-to-date information about how HIF-1 interferes with tumor metastasis and therapy resistance, followed by a detailed introduction of motivating techniques based on various nanomaterials to interfere with HIF signaling for effective cancer therapy. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiping Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Heterogeneity of Melanoma Cell Responses to Sleep Apnea-Derived Plasma Exosomes and to Intermittent Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194781. [PMID: 34638272 PMCID: PMC8508428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cutaneous melanoma incidence and adverse outcomes. Exosomes are secreted by most cells, and play a role in OSA-associated tumor progression and metastasis. We aimed to study the effects of plasma exosomes from OSA patients before and after adherent treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on melanoma cells lines, and also to identify exosomal miRNAs from melanoma cells exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH) or normoxia. Plasma-derived exosomes were isolated from moderate-to-severe OSA patients before (V1) and after (V2) adherent CPAP treatment for one year. Exosomes were co-incubated with three3 different melanoma cell lines (CRL 1424; CRL 1619; CRL 1675) that are characterized by genotypes involving different mutations in BRAF, STK11, CDKN2A, and PTEN genes to assess the effect of exosomes on cell proliferation and migration, as well as on pAMK activity in the presence or absence of a chemical activator. Subsequently, CRL-1424 and CRL-1675 cells were exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and normoxia, and exosomal miRNAs were identified followed by GO and KEG pathways and gene networks. The exosomes from these IH-exposed melanoma cells were also administered to THP1 macrophages to examine changes in M1 and M2 polarity markers. Plasma exosomes from V1 increased CRL-1424 melanoma cell proliferation and migration compared to V2, but not the other two cell lines. Exposure to CRL-1424 exosomes reduced pAMPK/tAMPK in V1 compared to V2, and treatment with AMPK activator reversed the effects. Unique exosomal miRNAs profiles were identified for CRL-1424 and CRL-1675 in IH compared to normoxia, with six miRNAs being regulated and several KEGG pathways were identified. Two M1 markers (CXCL10 and IL6) were significantly increased in monocytes when treated with exosomes from IH-exposed CRL-1424 and CRL-1625 cells. Our findings suggest that exosomes from untreated OSA patients increase CRL-1424 melanoma malignant properties, an effect that is not observed in two other melanoma cell lines. Exosomal cargo from CRL-1424 cells showed a unique miRNA signature compared to CRL-1675 cells after IH exposures, suggesting that melanoma cells are differentially susceptible to IH, even if they retain similar effects on immune cell polarity. It is postulated that mutations in STK-11 gene encoding for the serine/threonine kinase family that acts as a tumor suppressor may underlie susceptibility to IH-induced metabolic dysfunction, as illustrated by CRL-1424 cells.
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31
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Xiao Y, Xia Y, Wang Y, Xue C. Pathogenic roles of long noncoding RNAs in melanoma: Implications in diagnosis and therapies. Genes Dis 2021; 10:113-125. [PMID: 37013035 PMCID: PMC10066279 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most dangerous types of cutaneous neoplasms, which are pigment-producing cells of neuroectodermal origin found all over the body. A great deal of research is focused on the mechanisms of melanoma to promote better diagnostic and treatment options for melanoma in its advanced stages. The progression of melanoma involves alteration in different levels of gene expression. With the successful implementation of next-generation sequencing technology, an increasing number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) sequences have been discovered, and a significant number of them have phenotypic effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies, implying that they play an important role in the occurrence and progression of human cancers, particularly melanoma. A number of evidence indicated that lncRNAs are important regulators in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, immune escape, energy metabolism, drug resistance, epigenetic regulation. To better understand the role of lncRNAs in melanoma tumorigenesis, we categorize melanoma-associated lncRNAs according to their cellular functions and associations with gene expression and signaling pathways in this review. Based on the mechanisms of lncRNA, we discuss the possibility of lncRNA-target treatments, and the application of liquid biopsies to detect lncRNAs in melanoma diagnosis and prognosis.
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32
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Hypoxia in Lung Cancer Management: A Translational Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143421. [PMID: 34298636 PMCID: PMC8307602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia is a common feature of lung cancers. Nonetheless, no guidelines have been established to integrate hypoxia-associated biomarkers in patient management. Here, we discuss the current knowledge and provide translational novel considerations regarding its clinical detection and targeting to improve the outcome of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma of all stages. Abstract Lung cancer represents the first cause of death by cancer worldwide and remains a challenging public health issue. Hypoxia, as a relevant biomarker, has raised high expectations for clinical practice. Here, we review clinical and pathological features related to hypoxic lung tumours. Secondly, we expound on the main current techniques to evaluate hypoxic status in NSCLC focusing on positive emission tomography. We present existing alternative experimental approaches such as the examination of circulating markers and highlight the interest in non-invasive markers. Finally, we evaluate the relevance of investigating hypoxia in lung cancer management as a companion biomarker at various lung cancer stages. Hypoxia could support the identification of patients with higher risks of NSCLC. Moreover, the presence of hypoxia in treated tumours could help clinicians predict a worse prognosis for patients with resected NSCLC and may help identify patients who would benefit potentially from adjuvant therapies. Globally, the large quantity of translational data incites experimental and clinical studies to implement the characterisation of hypoxia in clinical NSCLC management.
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Lequeux A, Noman MZ, Xiao M, Van Moer K, Hasmim M, Benoit A, Bosseler M, Viry E, Arakelian T, Berchem G, Chouaib S, Janji B. Targeting HIF-1 alpha transcriptional activity drives cytotoxic immune effector cells into melanoma and improves combination immunotherapy. Oncogene 2021; 40:4725-4735. [PMID: 34155342 PMCID: PMC8282500 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key factor responsible for the failure of therapeutic response in most solid tumors and promotes the acquisition of tumor resistance to various antitumor immune effectors. Reshaping the hypoxic immune suppressive tumor microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy is still a relevant challenge. We investigated the impact of inhibiting HIF-1α transcriptional activity on cytotoxic immune cell infiltration into B16-F10 melanoma. We showed that tumors expressing a deleted form of HIF-1α displayed increased levels of NK and CD8+ effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which was associated with high levels of CCL2 and CCL5 chemokines. We showed that combining acriflavine, reported as a pharmacological agent preventing HIF-1α/HIF-1β dimerization, dramatically improved the benefit of cancer immunotherapy based on TRP-2 peptide vaccination and anti-PD-1 blocking antibody. In melanoma patients, we revealed that tumors exhibiting high CCL5 are less hypoxic, and displayed high NK, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell markers than those having low CCL5. In addition, melanoma patients with high CCL5 in their tumors survive better than those having low CCL5. This study provides the pre-clinical proof of concept for a novel triple combination strategy including blocking HIF-1α transcription activity along vaccination and PD-1 blocking immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lequeux
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Muhammad Zaeem Noman
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Malina Xiao
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Kris Van Moer
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Meriem Hasmim
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Alice Benoit
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Manon Bosseler
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Elodie Viry
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Tsolere Arakelian
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Berchem
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Thumbay Research Institute of Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam Janji
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
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Jiang M, Qin B, Luo L, Li X, Shi Y, Zhang J, Luo Z, Zhu C, Guan G, Du Y, You J. A clinically acceptable strategy for sensitizing anti-PD-1 treatment by hypoxia relief. J Control Release 2021; 335:408-419. [PMID: 34089792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) hinders the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Alleviating tumor hypoxia to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represented by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody has become a meaningful strategy. In this study, we adopted three methods to alleviate hypoxia, including direct oxygen delivery using two different carriers and an indirect way involving HIF-1α inhibition. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that liposomes modified with perfluorocarbon or hemoglobin (PFC@lipo or Hb@lipo) were able to efficiently load and release oxygen, relieving tumor hypoxia. However, the gas release behavior of PFC@lipo was uncontrollable, which might induce acute hyperoxia side effects during intravenous injection and reduce its biosafety. In contrast, whether administered locally or systemically, Hb@lipo revealed high animal tolerance, and was much safer than commercial HIF-1α inhibitor (PX-478), displaying prospects as a promising oxygen carrier for clinical practice. Pharmacodynamic experiments suggested that Hb@lipo helped PD-1 antibody break the therapeutic bottleneck and significantly inhibited the progression of 4 T1 breast cancer. But in CT26 colon cancer, the combination therapy failed to suppress tumor growth. After in-depth analysis and comparison, we found that the ratio of M1/M2 tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) between these two tumor models were dramatically different. And the lower M1/M2 ratio in CT26 tumors limited the anti-tumor effect of combination therapy. In this study, three methods for alleviating tumor hypoxia were compared from the perspectives of biosafety, efficacy and clinical applicability. Among them, Hb@lipo stood out, and its combined use with PD-1 antibody exhibit a distinct synergistic suppression effect on tumors with more M1 macrophages presented in the microenvironment. Our work provided a good reference for improving the efficacy of PD-1 antibody by alleviating tumor hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Bing Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yingying Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Chunqi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Guannan Guan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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Duréndez-Sáez E, Torres-Martinez S, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Meri-Abad M, Ferrero-Gimeno M, Camps C. Exosomal microRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:3128-3139. [PMID: 35116621 PMCID: PMC8798604 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the highest incidence cancer types worldwide and one with the lowest 5-year survival rate of all cancer types. Despite recent insights into lung cancer pathobiology, including novel biomarker-targeted therapies and immunotherapies, most of lung patients are diagnosed at late stages with limited and ineffective treatments. Therefore, more approaches are needed to eradicate lung cancer. In the last years, small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by tumor cells have been gaining relevance. These intercellular signal mediators, called exosomes, contain a huge range of biological elements, including lipids, nucleic acids and miRNAs, among others, that carry relevant information. The role of exosomes in cancer progression is dependent on cancer type, molecular characteristics and stage. MicroRNAs molecules are a big part of the content of exosomes cargo and probably the most studied ones. Due to the regulatory role in gene expression, miRNAs may provide information of the molecular characteristics of the tumor and be also able to reprogram distant target cells. Exosomal miRNAs can modulate different biological processes in cancer such as growth, progression, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance; playing a critical role in modifying the microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, they can act by regulating tumor resistance and also be useful to monitoring the response/relapse to targeted therapies. In this work, we summarize the relevant advances on the potential role of exosomal miRNAs in NSCLC pathobiogenesis, highlighting the clinical utility of exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers for the NSCLC diagnosis, prognosis, drug resistance and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Duréndez-Sáez
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Torres-Martinez
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Meri-Abad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Macarena Ferrero-Gimeno
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Monroe JD, Basheer F, Gibert Y. Xmrks the Spot: Fish Models for Investigating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Cancer Research. Cells 2021; 10:1132. [PMID: 34067095 PMCID: PMC8150686 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies conducted in several fish species, e.g., Xiphophorus hellerii (green swordtail) and Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish) crosses, Oryzias latipes (medaka), and Danio rerio (zebrafish), have identified an oncogenic role for the receptor tyrosine kinase, Xmrk, a gene product closely related to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is associated with a wide variety of pathological conditions, including cancer. Comparative analyses of Xmrk and EGFR signal transduction in melanoma have shown that both utilize STAT5 signaling to regulate apoptosis and cell proliferation, PI3K to modulate apoptosis, FAK to control migration, and the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathway to regulate cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Further, Xmrk and EGFR may also modulate similar chemokine, extracellular matrix, oxidative stress, and microRNA signaling pathways in melanoma. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Xmrk and EGFR signaling utilize STAT5 to regulate cell proliferation, and Xmrk may signal through PI3K and FasR to modulate apoptosis. At the same time, both activate the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathway to regulate cell proliferation and E-cadherin signaling. Xmrk models of melanoma have shown that inhibitors of PI3K and MEK have an anti-cancer effect, and in HCC, that the steroidal drug, adrenosterone, can prevent metastasis and recover E-cadherin expression, suggesting that fish Xmrk models can exploit similarities with EGFR signal transduction to identify and study new chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D. Monroe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Yann Gibert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
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Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040862. [PMID: 33918883 PMCID: PMC8070386 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and elevated extracellular acidification are prevalent features of solid tumors and they are often shown to facilitate cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we have compiled recent and most relevant research pertaining to the role of hypoxia and acidification in melanoma growth, invasiveness, and response to therapy. Melanoma represents a highly aggressive and heterogeneous type of skin cancer. Currently employed treatments, including BRAF V600E inhibitors and immune therapy, often are not effective due to a rapidly developing drug resistance. A variety of intracellular mechanisms impeding the treatment were discovered. However, the tumor microenvironment encompassing stromal and immune cells, extracellular matrix, and physicochemical conditions such as oxygen level or acidity, may also influence the therapy effectiveness. Hypoxia and acidification are able to reprogram the metabolism of melanoma cells, enhance their survival and invasiveness, as well as promote the immunosuppressive environment. For this reason, these physicochemical features of the melanoma niche and signaling pathways related to them emerge as potential therapeutic targets.
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Cruz-Bermúdez A, Laza-Briviesca R, Casarrubios M, Sierra-Rodero B, Provencio M. The Role of Metabolism in Tumor Immune Evasion: Novel Approaches to Improve Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:361. [PMID: 33807260 PMCID: PMC8067102 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment exhibits altered metabolic properties as a consequence of the needs of tumor cells, the natural selection of the most adapted clones, and the selfish relationship with other cell types. Beyond its role in supporting uncontrolled tumor growth, through energy and building materials obtention, metabolism is a key element controlling tumor immune evasion. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, being the first line of treatment for multiple types of malignancies. However, many patients either do not benefit from immunotherapy or eventually relapse. In this review we overview the immunoediting process with a focus on the metabolism-related elements that are responsible for increased immune evasion, either through reduced immunogenicity or increased resistance of tumor cells to the apoptotic action of immune cells. Finally, we describe the main molecules to modulate these immune evasion processes through the control of the metabolic microenvironment as well as their clinical developmental status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
| | - Raquel Laza-Briviesca
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
- PhD Programme in Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casarrubios
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
- PhD Programme in Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Sierra-Rodero
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
- PhD Programme in Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
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Li H, Wang X, Zhang M, Wang M, Zhang J, Ma S. Identification of HOXA1 as a Novel Biomarker in Prognosis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:602068. [PMID: 33763449 PMCID: PMC7982851 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.602068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox genes, a highly conserved homolog in most animals, play vital functions in cell development and organ formation. In recent years, researchers have discovered that it can act as a tumor regulator, and its members can participate in tumorigenesis by regulating receptor signaling, cell differentiation, apoptosis, migration, EMT, and angiogenesis. Hox genes and which major members play a vital role in the progress of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still unclear. After analyzing the expression differences and prognostic value of all Hox genes through the TCGA-HNSC database, we use histochemistry stains in 52 pairs of HNSCC slices to verify the expression level of the key member-HOXA1. In correlation analysis, we found that high HOXA1 expression is related to poor pathological grade (p = 0.0077), advanced T stage (p = 0.021) and perineural invasion (PNI) (p = 0.0019). Furthermore, we used Cox univariate and multivariate regression analysis to confirm the independent predictive power of HOXA1 expression. To explore the underlying mechanisms behind HOXA1, we ran GSVA and GSEA and found fourteen mutual signaling pathways, including neuroprotein secretion and transport, tumor-associated signaling pathways, cell adhere junction and metabolic reprogramming. Finally, we found that the high expression of HOXA1 is significantly related to the decrease of CD8+ T cell infiltration and the decline of DNA methylation level. Our findings demonstrated that HOXA1, as a notable member of the HOX family, maybe an independent prognostic indicator in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Mengjun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shiyin Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Hassan NM, Refaat LA, Ismail GN, Abdellateif M, Fadel SA, AbdelAziz RS. Diagnostic, prognostic and predictive values of miR-100 and miR-210 in pediatric acute lymphoblastic Leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 25:405-413. [PMID: 33191875 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1843753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : microRNAs are playing important roles in the diagnosis and prognosis of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS Expression levels of miR-100 and miR-210 were assessed in bone marrow aspirate of 85 pediatric ALL patients compared to 12 healthy control using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were correlated with relevant clinico-pathological features of the patients, response to treatment, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS miR-100 was significantly downregulated in ALL patients [median: 1.21, range: 0-434.3] compared to the control group [median: 8.41, range; 0-840.3, P = 0.035]. miR-210 was significantly upregulated in ALL patients [median: 6.34, range: 1.16-1088.7] compared to the control group [median: 2.57, range: 0.11-709.2, P = 0.025]. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve of miR-100 were (64.7%, 62.5%, and 0.642; respectively, P = 0.035) at a cut-off 2.6 and that of miR-210 were (60%, 58.3% and 0.650; respectively, P = 0.025) at a cut-off 3.5. miR-100 overexpression associated with shorter DFS and OS (P = 0.033 and 0.046; respectively). Patients with miR-100 lowexpression showed a significant incidence of late death ( P = 0.024). There was no significant association between miR-210 expression and DFS, OS, incidence of early or late death. CONCLUSION : miR-100 and miR-210 could be used as potential diagnostic markers for pediatric ALL. miR-100 is a useful prognostic and predictive biomarker for childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa M Hassan
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Refaat
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada N Ismail
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Abdellateif
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayed A Fadel
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania S AbdelAziz
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wu S, Kuang H, Ke J, Pi M, Yang DH. Metabolic Reprogramming Induces Immune Cell Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:591342. [PMID: 33520703 PMCID: PMC7845572 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rewire metabolism to meet their increased nutritional demands, allowing the maintenance of tumor survival, proliferation, and expansion. Enhancement of glycolysis and glutaminolysis is identified in most, if not all cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), which interacts with a hypoxic, acidic, and nutritionally deficient tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the metabolic changes including generation, depletion or accumulation of metabolites and signaling pathways, as well as their relationship with the TME in MM cells. Moreover, we describe the crosstalk among metabolism, TME, and changing function of immune cells during cancer progression. The overlapping metabolic phenotype between MM and immune cells is discussed. In this sense, targeting metabolism of MM cells is a promising therapeutic approach. We propose that it is important to define the metabolic signatures that may regulate the function of immune cells in TME in order to improve the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Kuang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ke
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Medical Center of Assessment of Bone & Joint Diseases, Orthopaedic Hospital, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manfei Pi
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
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Lazăr AD, Dinescu S, Costache M. The Non-Coding Landscape of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma: A Possible Route to Efficient Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113378. [PMID: 33203119 PMCID: PMC7696690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considered to be highly lethal if not diagnosed in early stages, cutaneous malignant melanoma is among the most aggressive and treatment-resistant human cancers, and its incidence continues to rise, largely due to ultraviolet radiation exposure, which is the main carcinogenic factor. Over the years, researchers have started to unveil the molecular mechanisms by which malignant melanoma can be triggered and sustained, in order to establish specific, reliable biomarkers that could aid the prognosis and diagnosis of this fatal disease, and serve as targets for development of novel efficient therapies. The high mutational burden and heterogeneous nature of melanoma shifted the main focus from the genetic landscape to epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modifications, aiming at elucidating the role of non-coding RNA molecules in the fine tuning of melanoma progression. Here we review the contribution of microRNAs and lncRNAs to melanoma invasion, metastasis and acquired drug resistance, highlighting their potential for clinical applications as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea D. Lazăr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.L.); (M.C.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.L.); (M.C.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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Bustos MA, Gross R, Rahimzadeh N, Cole H, Tran LT, Tran KD, Takeshima L, Stern SL, O’Day S, Hoon DSB. A Pilot Study Comparing the Efficacy of Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels Versus Circulating Cell-Free microRNAs in Monitoring Responses to Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113361. [PMID: 33202891 PMCID: PMC7696545 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Improvement in melanoma patients with metastatic disease is needed to better assess immunotherapies. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is currently an accepted biomarker for stage IV, but it has limited utility for stage III melanoma patients. Thus, finding biomarkers for metastatic melanoma is important not only to identify progressive melanoma tumors, but also to monitor patients under checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (CII). The aim of this pilot study was to demonstrate the utility of circulating cell-free microRNAs (cfmiRs) as potential blood biomarkers for stage III and IV melanoma patients compared to LDH. To accomplish this aim, we profiled for cfmiR the plasma of metastatic melanoma patients before and during CII treatment, and compared them to normal healthy donors’ samples. The cfmiR profiling was performed using an NGS-based miRNA assay, which requires no extraction and a small volume input. We found specific cfmiR signatures in stage III and IV metastatic melanoma patients. As a proof of concept, our results showed that certain cfmiRs are associated with CII outcomes. Abstract Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a standard prognostic biomarker for stage IV melanoma patients. Often, LDH levels do not provide real-time information about the metastatic melanoma patients’ disease status and treatment response. Therefore, there is a need to find reliable blood biomarkers for improved monitoring of metastatic melanoma patients who are undergoing checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (CII). The objective in this prospective pilot study was to discover circulating cell-free microRNA (cfmiR) signatures in the plasma that could assess melanoma patients’ responses during CII. The cfmiRs were evaluated by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) HTG EdgeSeq microRNA (miR) Whole Transcriptome Assay (WTA; 2083 miRs) in 158 plasma samples obtained before and during the course of CII from 47 AJCC stage III/IV melanoma patients’ and 73 normal donors’ plasma samples. Initially, cfmiR profiles for pre- and post-treatment plasma samples of stage IV non-responder melanoma patients were compared to normal donors’ plasma samples. Using machine learning, we identified a 9 cfmiR signature that was associated with stage IV melanoma patients being non-responsive to CII. These cfmiRs were compared in pre- and post-treatment plasma samples from stage IV melanoma patients that showed good responses. Circulating miR-4649-3p, miR-615-3p, and miR-1234-3p demonstrated potential prognostic utility in assessing CII responses. Compared to LDH levels during CII, circulating miR-615-3p levels were consistently more efficient in detecting melanoma patients undergoing CII who developed progressive disease. By combining stage III/IV patients, 92 and 17 differentially expressed cfmiRs were identified in pre-treatment plasma samples from responder and non-responder patients, respectively. In conclusion, this pilot study demonstrated cfmiRs that identified treatment responses and could allow for real-time monitoring of patients receiving CII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias A. Bustos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (L.T.); (D.S.B.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rebecca Gross
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (L.T.); (D.S.B.H.)
| | - Negin Rahimzadeh
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (L.T.); (D.S.B.H.)
| | - Hunter Cole
- Department of Immuno-Oncology and Clinical Research, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (H.C.); O' (S.O.)
| | - Linh T. Tran
- Department of Genomic Sequencing Center, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (L.T.T.); (K.D.T.)
| | - Kevin D. Tran
- Department of Genomic Sequencing Center, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (L.T.T.); (K.D.T.)
| | - Ling Takeshima
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (L.T.); (D.S.B.H.)
| | - Stacey L. Stern
- Department of Biostatistics, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA;
| | - Steven O’Day
- Department of Immuno-Oncology and Clinical Research, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (H.C.); O' (S.O.)
| | - Dave S. B. Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John’s Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (L.T.); (D.S.B.H.)
- Department of Genomic Sequencing Center, JWCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA; (L.T.T.); (K.D.T.)
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Tittarelli A, Navarrete M, Lizana M, Hofmann-Vega F, Salazar-Onfray F. Hypoxic Melanoma Cells Deliver microRNAs to Dendritic Cells and Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes through Connexin-43 Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207567. [PMID: 33066331 PMCID: PMC7589225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) profiles, induced by tumor microenvironment stressors, like hypoxia, allow cancer cells to acquire immune-resistance phenotypes. Indeed, hypoxia-induced miRNAs have been implicated in cancer progression through numerous cancer cell non-autonomous mechanisms, including the direct transfer of hypoxia-responsive miRNA from cancer to immune cells via extracellular vesicles. Connexin-43 (Cx43)-constituted gap junctions (GJs) have also been involved in miRNA intercellular mobilization, in other biological processes. In this report, we aimed to evaluate the involvement of Cx43-GJs in the shift of miRNAs induced by hypoxia, from hypoxic melanoma cells to dendritic cells and melanoma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Using qRT-PCR arrays, we identified that miR-192-5p was strongly induced in hypoxic melanoma cells. Immune cells acquired this miRNA after co-culture with hypoxic melanoma cells. The transfer of miR-192-5p was inhibited when hypoxic melanoma cells expressed a dominant negative Cx43 mutant or when Cx43 expression was silenced using specific short-hairpin RNAs. Interestingly, miR-192-5p levels on CTLs after co-culture with hypoxic melanoma cells were inversely correlated with the cytotoxic activity of T cells and with ZEB2 mRNA expression, a validated immune-related target of miR-192-5p, which is also observed in vivo. Altogether, our data suggest that hypoxic melanoma cells may suppress CTLs cytotoxic activity by transferring hypoxia-induced miR-192-5p through a Cx43-GJs driven mechanism, constituting a resistance strategy for immunological tumor escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Tittarelli
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM), Santiago 8940577, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2787-7903
| | - Mariela Navarrete
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.N.); (M.L.); (F.H.-V.); (F.S.-O.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Marcelo Lizana
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.N.); (M.L.); (F.H.-V.); (F.S.-O.)
| | - Francisca Hofmann-Vega
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.N.); (M.L.); (F.H.-V.); (F.S.-O.)
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.N.); (M.L.); (F.H.-V.); (F.S.-O.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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Hui X, Al-Ward H, Shaher F, Liu CY, Liu N. The Role of miR-210 in the Biological System: A Current Overview. Hum Hered 2020; 84:233-239. [PMID: 32906127 DOI: 10.1159/000509280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a group of non-coding RNAs measuring 19-23 nucleotides in length and are recognized as powerful molecules that regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells. miRNAs stimulate the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via direct or indirect mechanisms. SUMMARY miR-210 is highly upregulated in cells under hypoxia, thereby revealing its significance to cell endurance. Induction of this mRNA expression is an important feature of the cellular low-oxygen response and the most consistent and vigorous target of HIF. Key Message: miR-210 is involved in many cellular functions under the effect of HIF-1α, including the cell cycle, DNA repair, immunity and inflammation, angiogenesis, metabolism, and macrophage regulation. It also plays an important regulatory role in T-cell differentiation and stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hisham Al-Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China,
| | - Fahmi Shaher
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
| | - Chun-Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiamusi University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi, China
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46
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Sharma PC, Gupta A. MicroRNAs: potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of different cancers. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5798-5818. [PMID: 35117940 PMCID: PMC8798648 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the tumor environment and underlying genetic factors helps in the better formulation of cancer management strategies. Availability of efficient diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers facilitates early detection and progression of the disease. MicroRNAs affect different biological processes participating in tumorigenesis through regulation of their target genes. An expanding list of unique RNAs and understanding of their regulatory role has opened up a new field in cancer research. Based on a comprehensive literature search, we identified 728 miRNAs dysregulated in sixteen cancer types namely bladder cancer (BC), breast cancer (BrC), cervical cancer (CC), colorectal cancer (CRC), esophageal cancer (EC), endometrial cancer (EnC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular cancer (HCC), head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), lung cancer (LC), ovarian cancer (OC), pancreatic cancer (PC), prostate cancer (PrC), renal cell cancer (RCC), skin cancer (SC), and thyroid cancer (TC). Expression of 43 miRNAs was either upregulated or downregulated in six or more of these cancers. Finally, seven miRNAs namely mir-18a, mir-21, mir-143/145, mir-210, mir-218, mir-221, showing maximum dysregulation, either up- or down-regulation in the majority of cancers, were selected for a detailed presentation of their expression and evaluation of their potential as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chand Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alisha Gupta
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
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Veziroglu EM, Mias GI. Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles and Their Diverse RNA Contents. Front Genet 2020; 11:700. [PMID: 32765582 PMCID: PMC7379748 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells release nanometer-scale, lipid bilayer-enclosed biomolecular packages (extracellular vesicles; EVs) into their surrounding environment. EVs are hypothesized to be intercellular communication agents that regulate physiological states by transporting biomolecules between near and distant cells. The research community has consistently advocated for the importance of RNA contents in EVs by demonstrating that: (1) EV-related RNA contents can be detected in a liquid biopsy, (2) disease states significantly alter EV-related RNA contents, and (3) sensitive and specific liquid biopsies can be implemented in precision medicine settings by measuring EV-derived RNA contents. Furthermore, EVs have medical potential beyond diagnostics. Both natural and engineered EVs are being investigated for therapeutic applications such as regenerative medicine and as drug delivery agents. This review focuses specifically on EV characterization, analysis of their RNA content, and their functional implications. The NIH extracellular RNA communication (ERC) program has catapulted human EV research from an RNA profiling standpoint by standardizing the pipeline for working with EV transcriptomics data, and creating a centralized database for the scientific community. There are currently thousands of RNA-sequencing profiles hosted on the Extracellular RNA Atlas alone (Murillo et al., 2019), encompassing a variety of human biofluid types and health conditions. While a number of significant discoveries have been made through these studies individually, integrative analyses of these data have thus far been limited. A primary focus of the ERC program over the next five years is to bring higher resolution tools to the EV research community so that investigators can isolate and analyze EV sub-populations, and ultimately single EVs sourced from discrete cell types, tissues, and complex biofluids. Higher resolution techniques will be essential for evaluating the roles of circulating EVs at a level which impacts clinical decision making. We expect that advances in microfluidic technologies will drive near-term innovation and discoveries about the diverse RNA contents of EVs. Long-term translation of EV-based RNA profiling into a mainstay medical diagnostic tool will depend upon identifying robust patterns of circulating genetic material that correlate with a change in health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren M. Veziroglu
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - George I. Mias
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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48
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Extracellular vesicle-mediated nucleic acid transfer and reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2020; 482:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Liang Y, Liang Q, Qiao L, Xiao F. MicroRNAs Modulate Drug Resistance-Related Mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:920. [PMID: 32695666 PMCID: PMC7338562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer [hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)] is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, causing serious health threats because of its high morbidity and mortality, rapid growth, and strong invasiveness. Patients with HCC frequently develop resistance to the current chemotherapeutic drugs, and this is largely attributed to the high-level heterogeneity of the tumor tissue. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of master regulators for multiple physiological and pathological processes and play important roles in the tumorigenesis. More recent studies have indicated that miRNAs also play a non-negligible role in the development of drug resistance in liver cancer. In this review, we summarize the data from the latest studies on the mechanisms of drug resistance in liver cancer, including autophagy, membrane transporters, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), tumor microenvironment, and genes and proteins that are associated with apoptosis. The data herein will provide valuable information for the development of novel approaches to tackle drug resistance in the management of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Center, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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50
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Brotto DB, Siena ÁDD, de Barros II, Carvalho SDCES, Muys BR, Goedert L, Cardoso C, Plaça JR, Ramão A, Squire JA, Araujo LF, Silva WAD. Contributions of HOX genes to cancer hallmarks: Enrichment pathway analysis and review. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320918050. [PMID: 32456563 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320918050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes function as master regulatory transcription factors during development, and their expression is often altered in cancer. The HOX gene family was initially studied intensively to understand how the expression of each gene was involved in forming axial patterns and shaping the body plan during embryogenesis. More recent investigations have discovered that HOX genes can also play an important role in cancer. The literature has shown that the expression of HOX genes may be increased or decreased in different tumors and that these alterations may differ depending on the specific HOX gene involved and the type of cancer being investigated. New studies are also emerging, showing the critical role of some members of the HOX gene family in tumor progression and variation in clinical response. However, there has been limited systematic evaluation of the various contributions of each member of the HOX gene family in the pathways that drive the common phenotypic changes (or "hallmarks") and that underlie the transformation of normal cells to cancer cells. In this review, we investigate the context of the engagement of HOX gene targets and their downstream pathways in the acquisition of competence of tumor cells to undergo malignant transformation and tumor progression. We also summarize published findings on the involvement of HOX genes in carcinogenesis and use bioinformatics methods to examine how their downstream targets and pathways are involved in each hallmark of the cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Barbosa Brotto
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ádamo Davi Diógenes Siena
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ichihara de Barros
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Simone da Costa E Silva Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruna Rodrigues Muys
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas Goedert
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cibele Cardoso
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jessica Rodrigues Plaça
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Anelisa Ramão
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jeremy Andrew Squire
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Luiza Ferreira Araujo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Integrative System Biology (CISBi), NAP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Medical Genomics, Clinics Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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