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Zhou S, Abdihamid O, Tan F, Zhou H, Liu H, Li Z, Xiao S, Li B. KIT mutations and expression: current knowledge and new insights for overcoming IM resistance in GIST. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:153. [PMID: 38414063 PMCID: PMC10898159 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common sarcoma located in gastrointestinal tract and derived from the interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) lineage. Both ICC and GIST cells highly rely on KIT signal pathway. Clinically, about 80-90% of treatment-naive GIST patients harbor primary KIT mutations, and special KIT-targeted TKI, imatinib (IM) showing dramatic efficacy but resistance invariably occur, 90% of them was due to the second resistance mutations emerging within the KIT gene. Although there are multiple variants of KIT mutant which did not show complete uniform biologic characteristics, most of them have high KIT expression level. Notably, the high expression level of KIT gene is not correlated to its gene amplification. Recently, accumulating evidences strongly indicated that the gene coding, epigenetic regulation, and pre- or post- protein translation of KIT mutants in GIST were quite different from that of wild type (WT) KIT. In this review, we elucidate the biologic mechanism of KIT variants and update the underlying mechanism of the expression of KIT gene, which are exclusively regulated in GIST, providing a promising yet evidence-based therapeutic landscape and possible target for the conquer of IM resistance. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishan Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, Xiangya road 87
| | - Omar Abdihamid
- Garissa Cancer Center, Garissa County Referral Hospital, Kismayu road, Garissa town, P.O BOX, 29-70100, Kenya
| | - Fengbo Tan
- Division of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China, Hunan, Changsha
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Division of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heli Liu
- Division of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China, Hunan, Changsha
| | - Zhi Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine of Xiangya Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 410008, MA, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Division of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, Xiangya road 87#.
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2
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Li S, Wang Z, Geng R, Zhang W, Wan H, Kang X, Guo S. TMEM16A ion channel: A novel target for cancer treatment. Life Sci 2023; 331:122034. [PMID: 37611692 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer draws attention owing to the high morbidity and mortality. It is urgent to develop safe and effective cancer therapeutics. The calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A is widely distributed in various tissues and regulates physiological functions. TMEM16A is abnormally expressed in several cancers and associate with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and prognosis. Knockdown or inhibition of TMEM16A in cancer cells significantly inhibits cancer development. Therefore, TMEM16A is considered as a biomarker and therapeutic target for some cancers. This work reviews the cancers associated with TMEM16A. Then, the molecular mechanism of TMEM16A overexpression in cancer was analyzed, and the possible signal transduction mechanism of TMEM16A regulating cancer development was summarized. Finally, TMEM16A inhibitors with anticancer effect and their anticancer mechanism were concluded. We hope to provide new ideas for pharmacological studies on TMEM16A in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Zhichen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Ruili Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Haifu Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xianjiang Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Shuai Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China.
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3
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Liu XY, Zhao Y, Jin LL, Pang Y, Yu B. Trans-ε-viniferin as an inhibitor of TMEM16A preventing intestinal smooth muscle contraction. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:867-879. [PMID: 36625145 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2165067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
TMEM16A regulator is an important tool to study the physiological functions and pathogenesis related to TMEM16A. In the present study, trans-ε-viniferin (TV) was identified as a TMEM16A inhibitor with inhibitory activity against TMEM16A mediated Cl- currents, which was reversible, without affecting intracytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and TMEM16A protein expression. TV inhibited intestinal peristalsis and prolonged gastrointestinal transport time. TV could inhibit autonomic and Eact-stimulated intestinal contractility, and was equally effective in ACh- and HA-induced high contractile states. The results indicate that TV significantly inhibits the intestinal smooth muscle contraction, which may be applied in the treatment of TMEM16A-related intestinal dynamic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Ling-Ling Jin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yue Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Bo Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
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4
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Li B, Chen H, Yang S, Chen F, Xu L, Li Y, Li M, Zhu C, Shao F, Zhang X, Deng C, Zeng L, He Y, Zhang C. Advances in immunology and immunotherapy for mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:71. [PMID: 37072770 PMCID: PMC10111719 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers are represented by the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) which occur throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract, and affect human health and economy globally. Curative surgical resections and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the main managements for localized GISTs and recurrent/metastatic GISTs, respectively. Despite multi-lines of TKIs treatments prolonged the survival time of recurrent/metastatic GISTs by delaying the relapse and metastasis of the tumor, drug resistance developed quickly and inevitably, and became the huge obstacle for stopping disease progression. Immunotherapy, which is typically represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has achieved great success in several solid tumors by reactivating the host immune system, and been proposed as an alternative choice for GIST treatment. Substantial efforts have been devoted to the research of immunology and immunotherapy for GIST, and great achievements have been made. Generally, the intratumoral immune cell level and the immune-related gene expressions are influenced by metastasis status, anatomical locations, driver gene mutations of the tumor, and modulated by imatinib therapy. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers are regarded as prognostic indicators of GIST and closely associated with its clinicopathological features. The efficacy of immunotherapy strategies for GIST has been widely explored in pre-clinical cell and mouse models and clinical experiments in human, and some patients did benefit from ICIs. This review comprehensively summarizes the up-to-date advancements of immunology, immunotherapy and research models for GIST, and provides new insights and perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau University Joint Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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Waters JA, Urbano I, Robinson M, House CD. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5: Diverse roles in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1052457. [PMID: 36465383 PMCID: PMC9714447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1052457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the associated signaling components in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion. Of the IGFBPs, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is the most evolutionarily conserved with a dynamic range of IGF-dependent and -independent functions, and studies on the actions of IGFBP5 in cancer have been somewhat paradoxical. In cancer, the IGFBPs respond to external stimuli to modulate disease progression and therapeutic responsiveness in a context specific manner. This review discusses the different roles of IGF signaling and IGFBP5 in disease with an emphasis on discoveries within the last twenty years, which underscore a need to clarify the IGF-independent actions of IGFBP5, the impact of its subcellular localization, the differential activities of each of the subdomains, and the response to elements of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, recent advances addressing the role of IGFBP5 in resistance to cancer therapeutics will be discussed. A better understanding of the contexts in which IGFBP5 functions will facilitate the discovery of new mechanisms of cancer progression that may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Waters
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ixchel Urbano
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mikella Robinson
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Carrie D. House
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States,Moore’s Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Carrie D. House,
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6
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Firnau MB, Brieger A. CK2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081987. [PMID: 36009534 PMCID: PMC9405757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is commonly dysregulated in cancer, impacting diverse molecular pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, constitutively active and ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. With over 500 known substrates and being estimated to be responsible for up to 10% of the human phosphoproteome, it is of significant importance. A broad spectrum of diverse types of cancer cells has been already shown to rely on disturbed CK2 levels for their survival. The hallmarks of cancer provide a rationale for understanding cancer’s common traits. They constitute the maintenance of proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling of replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, the activation of invasion and metastasis, as well as avoidance of immune destruction and dysregulation of cellular energetics. In this work, we have compiled evidence from the literature suggesting that CK2 modulates all hallmarks of cancer, thereby promoting oncogenesis and operating as a cancer driver by creating a cellular environment favorable to neoplasia.
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7
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Deng Y, Yang X, Hua H, Zhang C. IGFBP5 is Upregulated and Associated with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6485-6497. [PMID: 35966504 PMCID: PMC9365118 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s370576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the role of IGFBP5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the relationship between the expression of IGFBP5 and clinicopathological parameters in CRC patients. Patients and Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression of IGFBP5 and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters of CRC patients. Prognosis analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and protein interaction network analysis were performed using bioinformatics analysis. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) dataset was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of IGFBP5 and drug resistance. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of IGFBP5 was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in para-cancerous tissues (P < 0.05). High expression of IGFBP5 was associated with tumor differentiation and the N stage of CRC (P < 0.05). Moreover, high expression of IGFBP5 predicted worse overall survival and disease-free survival in CRC patients (P < 0.05). The expression of IGFBP5 was associated with cell–matrix adhesion, extracellular matrix binding, and collagen binding (P < 0.05). Furthermore, IGFBP5 was involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (P < 0.05). IGF1, IGF2, SPP1, LTBP1, and FAM20C were most closely related to IGFBP5. Conclusion The expression of IGFBP5 is upregulated and associated with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, drug resistance, and prognosis in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhong Hua
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, People's Republic of China
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Li H, Yu Z, Wang H, Wang N, Sun X, Yang S, Hua X, Liu Z. Role of ANO1 in tumors and tumor immunity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2045-2068. [PMID: 35471604 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of gene amplification, cell-signaling-pathway transduction, epigenetic and transcriptional regulation, and protein interactions drives tumor-cell proliferation and invasion, while ion channels also play an important role in the generation and development of tumor cells. Overexpression of Ca2+-activated Cl- channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1) is shown in numerous cancer types and correlates with poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms involved in ANO1-mediated malignant cellular transformation and the role of ANO1 in tumor immunity remain unknown. In this review, we discuss recent studies to determine the role of ANO1 in tumorigenesis and provide novel insights into the role of ANO1 in the context of tumor immunity. Furthermore, we analyze the roles and potential mechanisms of ANO1 in different types of cancers, and provide novel notions for the role of ANO1 in the tumor microenvironment and for potential use of ANO1 in clinical applications. Our review shows that ANO1 is involved in tumor immunity and microenvironment, and may, therefore, be an effective biomarker and therapeutic drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haini Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Zongxue Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xueguo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Shengmei Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Xu Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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IGFBP5 promotes diabetic kidney disease progression by enhancing PFKFB3-mediated endothelial glycolysis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:340. [PMID: 35418167 PMCID: PMC9007962 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal inflammation is a critical pathophysiological characteristic of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The mechanism of the inflammatory response is complicated, and there are few effective treatments for renal inflammation that can be used clinically. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is an important secretory protein that is related to inflammation and fibrosis in several tissues. Studies have shown that the IGFBP5 level is significantly upregulated in DKD. However, the function of IGFBP5 and its mechanism in DKD remain unclear. Here, we showed that IGFBP5 levels were significantly increased in the kidneys of diabetic mice. Ablation of IGFBP5 alleviated kidney inflammation in DKD mice. Mechanistically, IGFBP5 increased glycolysis, which was characterized by increases in lactic acid and the extracellular acidification rate, by activating the transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1) and enhancing the expression of PFKFB3 in endothelial cells. Furthermore, a mutation in PFKFB3 attenuated renal inflammation in DKD mice. Taken together, we provided evidence that IGFBP5 enhanced kidney inflammation through metabolic reprogramming of glomerular endothelial cells. Our results provide new mechanistic insights into the effect of IGFBP5 on kidney and highlight potential therapeutic opportunities for IGFBP5 and the metabolic regulators involved in DKD. ![]()
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Dittmer J. Biological effects and regulation of IGFBP5 in breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:983793. [PMID: 36093095 PMCID: PMC9453429 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.983793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) pathway plays an important role in cancer progression. In breast cancer, the IGF1R pathway is linked to estrogen-dependent signaling. Regulation of IGF1R activity is complex and involves the actions of its ligands IGF1 and IGF2 and those of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). Six IGFBPs are known that share the ability to form complexes with the IGFs, by which they control the bioavailability of these ligands. Besides, each of the IGFBPs have specific features. In this review, the focus lies on the biological effects and regulation of IGFBP5 in breast cancer. In breast cancer, estrogen is a critical regulator of IGFBP5 transcription. It exerts its effect through an intergenic enhancer loop that is part of the chromosomal breast cancer susceptibility region 2q35. The biological effects of IGFBP5 depend upon the cellular context. By inhibiting or promoting IGF1R signaling, IGFBP5 can either act as a tumor suppressor or promoter. Additionally, IGFBP5 possesses IGF-independent activities, which contribute to the complexity by which IGFBP5 interferes with cancer cell behavior.
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang K. The Ca 2+-activated chloride channel ANO1/TMEM16A: An emerging therapeutic target for epithelium-originated diseases? Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1412-1433. [PMID: 34221860 PMCID: PMC8245819 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) or TMEM16A gene encodes a member of Ca2+ activated Cl– channels (CaCCs) that are critical for physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion, smooth muscle contraction and sensory signal transduction. The attraction and interest in ANO1/TMEM16A arise from a decade long investigations that abnormal expression or dysfunction of ANO1 is involved in many pathological phenotypes and diseases, including asthma, neuropathic pain, hypertension and cancer. However, the lack of specific modulators of ANO1 has impeded the efforts to validate ANO1 as a therapeutic target. This review focuses on the recent progress made in understanding of the pathophysiological functions of CaCC ANO1 and the current modulators used as pharmacological tools, hopefully illustrating a broad spectrum of ANO1 channelopathy and a path forward for this target validation.
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Key Words
- ANO1
- ANO1, anoctamin-1
- ASM, airway smooth muscle
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CAMK, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
- CF, cystic fibrosis
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Ca2+-activated Cl– channels (CaCCs)
- CaCCinh-A01
- CaCCs, Ca2+ activated chloride channels
- Cancer
- Cystic fibrosis
- DRG, dorsal root ganglion
- Drug target
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ENaC, epithelial sodium channels
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FRT, fisher rat thyroid
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- ICC, interstitial cells of Cajal
- IPAH, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PAR2, protease activated receptor 2
- PASMC, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- PKD, polycystic kidney disease
- T16Ainh-A01
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TMEM16A
- VGCC, voltage gated calcium channel
- VRAC, volume regulated anion channel
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Third People's Hospital, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266073, China
- Institute of Innovative Drugs, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Corresponding authors.
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12
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Li H, Yang Q, Huo S, Du Z, Wu F, Zhao H, Chen S, Yang L, Ma Z, Sui Y. Expression of TMEM16A in Colorectal Cancer and Its Correlation With Clinical and Pathological Parameters. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652262. [PMID: 33816307 PMCID: PMC8017291 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A is a recently identified calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) and its overexpression contributes to tumorigenesis and progression in several human malignancies. However, little is known about expression of TMEM16A and its clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC). TMEM16A mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) in 67 CRC tissues and 24 para-carcinoma tissues. TMEM16A protein expression was performed by immunohistochemistry in 80 CRC tissues. The correlation between TMEM16A expression and clinicopathological parameters, and known genes and proteins involved in CRC was analyzed. The results showed that TMEM16A mRNA expression was frequently detected in 51 CRC tissues (76%), whereas TMEM16A protein expression was determined at a relatively lower frequency (26%). TMEM16A mRNA expression in tumor tissues was higher than its expression in normal para-carcinoma tissues (P < 0.05). TMEM16A mRNA expression was significantly correlated with TNM stage (p = 0.039) and status of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.047). In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between TMEM16A mRNA expression and MSH2 protein. More importantly, TMEM16A protein expression was positively associated with KRAS mutation, and negatively correlated with mutant p53 protein. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that TMEM16A mRNA expression was an important independent predictive factor of lymph node metastasis (OR = 16.38, CI: 1.91–140.27, p = 0.01). TMEM16A mRNA and protein expression was not significantly related with patient survival. Our findings provide original evidence demonstrating TMEM16A mRNA expression can be a novel predictive marker of lymph node metastasis and TMEM16A protein expression may be an important regulator of tumor proliferation and metastasis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sibo Huo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of General Surgery, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenwu Du
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyue Zhao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shifan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Longfei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Sui
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics of Critical Human Diseases of Jilin Province, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Chen W, Gu M, Gao C, Chen B, Yang J, Xie X, Wang X, Sun J, Wang J. The Prognostic Value and Mechanisms of TMEM16A in Human Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:542156. [PMID: 33681289 PMCID: PMC7930745 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.542156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a calcium ion-dependent chloride channel transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) locates on the cell membrane. Numerous research results have shown that TMEM16A is abnormally expressed in many cancers. Mechanically, TMEM16A participates in cancer proliferation and migration by affecting the MAPK and CAMK signaling pathways. Additionally, it is well documented that TMEM16A exerts a regulative impact on the hyperplasia of cancer cells by interacting with EGFR in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an epithelial growth factor receptor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma respectively. Meanwhile, as an EGFR activator, TMEM16A is considered as an oncogene or a tumor-promoting factor. More and more experimental data showed that down-regulation of TMEM16A or gene targeted therapy may be an effective treatment for cancer. This review summarized its role in various cancers and research advances related to its clinical application included treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Chen
- Anhui Province Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaobing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bangjie Chen
- First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junfa Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Anhui Medicine Centralized Procurement Service Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Anhui Province Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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14
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ANO1 regulates the maintenance of stemness in glioblastoma stem cells by stabilizing EGFRvIII. Oncogene 2021; 40:1490-1502. [PMID: 33452454 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or glioblastoma is the most deadly malignant brain tumor in adults. GBM is difficult to treat mainly due to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) has been linked to stemness and malignancy of GSCs; however, the regulatory mechanism of EGFRvIII is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Anoctamin-1 (ANO1), a Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, interacts with EGFRvIII, increases its protein stability, and supports the maintenance of stemness and tumor progression in GSCs. Specifically, shRNA-mediated knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of ANO1 suppressed the self-renewal, invasion activities, and expression of EGFRvIII and related stem cell factors, including NOTCH1, nestin, and SOX2 in GSCs. Conversely, ANO1 overexpression enhanced the above phenomena. Mechanistically, ANO1 protected EGFRvIII from proteasomal degradation by directly binding to it. ANO1 knockdown significantly increased survival in mice and strongly suppressed local invasion of GSCs in an in vivo intracranial mouse model. Collectively, these results suggest that ANO1 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of stemness and invasiveness of GSCs by regulating the expression of EGFRvIII and related signaling molecules, and can be considered a promising therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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15
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Liu D, Wang K, Su D, Huang Y, Shang L, Zhao Y, Huang J, Pang Y. TMEM16A Regulates Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation via p38MAPK/ERK Pathway in High Pulmonary Blood Flow-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Vasc Res 2020; 58:27-37. [PMID: 33311015 DOI: 10.1159/000511267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disease of the small pulmonary arteries that is mainly characterized by vascular remodeling. It has been demonstrated that excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) plays a pivotal role in vascular remodeling during PAH. The present study was undertaken to explore the role of TMEM16A in regulating PASMCs proliferation in high pulmonary blood flow-induced PAH. METHODS Aortocaval shunt surgery was undertaken to establish an animal model. Pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular structure remodeling (PVSR) were tested. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were performed to investigate the expression of TMEM16A. The proliferation of PASMCs was tested by the MTT assay. After treating PASMCs with TMEM16A-siRNA, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) signaling in PASMCs were tested. RESULTS PAH and PVSR developed 11 weeks postoperation. Elevated expression of TMEM16A accompanied by high expression of PCNA in pulmonary arteries of the shunt group was observed. The increased proliferation of PASMCs and increased expression of TMEM16A and PCNA, along with activated p-p38MAPK and p-ERK signaling in PASMCs of the shunt group, were all attenuated by siRNA-specific TMEM16A knockdown. CONCLUSION TMEM16A regulates PASMCs proliferation in high pulmonary blood flow-induced PAH, and the p38MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is probably involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danyan Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanyun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lifeng Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yijue Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinglin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yusheng Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
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16
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Gasparotto D, Sbaraglia M, Rossi S, Baldazzi D, Brenca M, Mondello A, Nardi F, Racanelli D, Cacciatore M, Paolo Dei Tos A, Maestro R. Tumor genotype, location, and malignant potential shape the immunogenicity of primary untreated gastrointestinal stromal tumors. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142560. [PMID: 33048845 PMCID: PMC7710278 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral immune infiltrate was recently reported in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, the tumor-intrinsic factors that dictate GIST immunogenicity are still largely undefined. To shed light on this issue, a large cohort (82 samples) of primary untreated GISTs, representative of major clinicopathological variables, was investigated by an integrated immunohistochemical, transcriptomic, and computational approach. Our results indicate that tumor genotype, location, and malignant potential concur to shape the immunogenicity of primary naive GISTs. Immune infiltration was greater in overt GISTs compared with that in lesions with limited malignant potential (miniGISTs), in KIT/PDGFRA-mutated tumors compared with that in KIT/PDGFRA WT tumors, and in PDGFRA-mutated compared with KIT-mutated GISTs. Within the KIT-mutated subset, a higher degree of immune colonization was detected in the intestine. Immune hot tumors showed expression patterns compatible with a potentially proficient but curbed antigen-specific immunity, hinting at sensitivity to immunomodulatory treatments. Poorly infiltrated GISTs, primarily KIT/PDGFRA WT intestinal tumors, showed activation of Hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin immune excluding pathways. This finding discloses a potential therapeutic vulnerability, as the targeting of these pathways might prove effective by both inhibiting pro-oncogenic signals and fostering antitumor immune responses. Finally, an intriguing anticorrelation between immune infiltration and ANO1/DOG1 expression was observed, suggesting an immunomodulatory activity for anoctamin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gasparotto
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Treviso General Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Davide Baldazzi
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Monica Brenca
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessia Mondello
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Federica Nardi
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Dominga Racanelli
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Matilde Cacciatore
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Treviso General Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Maestro
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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17
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Kunisaki C. Role of the Anoctamin Family in Various Carcinomas. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:3112-3114. [PMID: 32347400 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Kunisaki
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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18
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Conn E, Hour S, Allegakoen D, Graham G, Petro J, Kouassi-Brou M, Hong SH, Selvanathan S, Çelik H, Toretsky J, Üren A. Development of an Ewing sarcoma cell line with resistance to EWS‑FLI1 inhibitor YK‑4‑279. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1667-1675. [PMID: 32016454 PMCID: PMC8371434 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite Ewing sarcoma (ES) being the second most common pediatric malignancy of bone and soft tissue, few novel therapeutic approaches have been introduced over the past few decades. ES contains a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation that leads to a fusion protein between EWSR1 and an ets family member, most often FLI1. EWS‑FLI1 is the most common type of fusion protein and is a well‑vetted therapeutic target. A small molecule inhibitor of EWS‑FLI1, YK‑4‑279 (YK) was developed with the intention to serve as a targeted therapy option for patients with ES. The present study investigated resistance mechanisms by developing an ES cell line specifically resistant to YK. The ES cell line A4573 was treated with YK to create resistant cells by long term continuous exposure. The results revealed that resistance in A4573 was robust and sustainable, with a >27‑fold increase in IC50 lasting up to 16 weeks in the absence of the compound. Resistant ES cells were still sensitive to standard of care drugs, including doxorubicin, vincristine and etoposide, which may be valuable in future combination treatments in the clinic. Resistant ES cells revealed an increased expression of CD99. RNA sequencing and qPCR validation of resistant ES cells confirmed an increased expression of ANO1, BRSK2 and IGSF21, and a reduced expression of COL24A1, PRSS23 and RAB38 genes. A functional association between these genes and mechanism of resistance remains to be investigated. The present study created a cell line to investigate YK resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Conn
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sarah Hour
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - David Allegakoen
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Garrett Graham
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jeff Petro
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Marilyn Kouassi-Brou
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sung Hyeok Hong
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Saravana Selvanathan
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Haydar Çelik
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jeffrey Toretsky
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Aykut Üren
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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19
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Hedgehog signalling pathway activation in gastrointestinal stromal tumours is mediated by primary cilia. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:64-72. [PMID: 31267361 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a mesenchymal cancer which derives from interstitial cells of Cajal. To determine whether a relationship between Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway and primary cilia exists in GIST tumours is intended here. METHODS Immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence and ultrastructural techniques were performed in this study. RESULTS We show that GIST cells present primary cilia (an antenna-like structure based on microtubules). But, moreover, we prove Hedgehog signalling pathway activation in these tumours (a pathway related with tumoural features such as proliferation, migration or stemness) and we show for the first time that this signalling pathway activation in GIST is mediated by primary cilia, likely in a paracrine way. CONCLUSION Thus, primary cilia and Hedgehog signalling would be fundamental in tumoural microenvironment control of GIST cells for their maintenance, differentiation and proliferation.
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20
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5-A Probable Target of Kidney Renal Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3210324. [PMID: 31886201 PMCID: PMC6925670 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3210324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kidney renal papillary renal cell carcinoma (KIRP) accounts for 10-15% of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The need to find more therapeutic targets for KIRP is urgent because most targeted drugs have limited effects on advanced KIRP. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is a secreted protein related to cell proliferation, cell adhesion, cell migration, the inflammatory response and fibrosis; these functions are independent of IGF. In our study, we determined the expression and functions of IGFBP5 with data from the database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found that IGFBP5 is down regulated in KIRP kidney tissues compared to its expression in control tissues and that the expression of IGFBP5 is negatively related to patient survival. Bioinformatic analysis showed the probable processes and pathways involved in altered IGFBP5 expression, including blood vessel development, the cellular response to growth factor stimulus, the response to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and extracellular matrix organization. We proposed that VEGFA and TGF-β act as upstream regulatory factors of IGFBP5 and verified this in the Caki-2 cell line. Based on our results, we suggest that IGFBP5 might be a therapeutic target of KIRP.
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21
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Anderson KJ, Cormier RT, Scott PM. Role of ion channels in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5732-5772. [PMID: 31636470 PMCID: PMC6801186 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i38.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In their seminal papers Hanahan and Weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer cell. The functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract influence a variety of cellular processes, many of which overlap with these hallmarks of cancer. In this review we focus on the roles of the calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-) and zinc (Zn2+) transporters in GI cancer, with a special emphasis on the roles of the KCNQ1 K+ channel and CFTR Cl- channel in colorectal cancer (CRC). Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger, serving as a signaling molecule for a variety of cellular processes such as control of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration. Various members of the TRP superfamily, including TRPM8, TRPM7, TRPM6 and TRPM2, have been implicated in GI cancers, especially through overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and down-regulation in colon cancer. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are classically associated with the initiation and conduction of action potentials in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells. The VGSC NaV1.5 is abundantly expressed in human colorectal CRC cell lines as well as being highly expressed in primary CRC samples. Studies have demonstrated that conductance through NaV1.5 contributes significantly to CRC cell invasiveness and cancer progression. Zn2+ transporters of the ZIP/SLC39A and ZnT/SLC30A families are dysregulated in all major GI organ cancers, in particular, ZIP4 up-regulation in pancreatic cancer (PC). More than 70 K+ channel genes, clustered in four families, are found expressed in the GI tract, where they regulate a range of cellular processes, including gastrin secretion in the stomach and anion secretion and fluid balance in the intestinal tract. Several distinct types of K+ channels are found dysregulated in the GI tract. Notable are hERG1 upregulation in PC, gastric cancer (GC) and CRC, leading to enhanced cancer angiogenesis and invasion, and KCNQ1 down-regulation in CRC, where KCNQ1 expression is associated with enhanced disease-free survival in stage II, III, and IV disease. Cl- channels are critical for a range of cellular and tissue processes in the GI tract, especially fluid balance in the colon. Most notable is CFTR, whose deficiency leads to mucus blockage, microbial dysbiosis and inflammation in the intestinal tract. CFTR is a tumor suppressor in several GI cancers. Cystic fibrosis patients are at a significant risk for CRC and low levels of CFTR expression are associated with poor overall disease-free survival in sporadic CRC. Two other classes of chloride channels that are dysregulated in GI cancers are the chloride intracellular channels (CLIC1, 3 & 4) and the chloride channel accessory proteins (CLCA1,2,4). CLIC1 & 4 are upregulated in PC, GC, gallbladder cancer, and CRC, while the CLCA proteins have been reported to be down-regulated in CRC. In summary, it is clear, from the diverse influences of ion channels, that their aberrant expression and/or activity can contribute to malignant transformation and tumor progression. Further, because ion channels are often localized to the plasma membrane and subject to multiple layers of regulation, they represent promising clinical targets for therapeutic intervention including the repurposing of current drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Robert T Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Patricia M Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
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22
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Crottès D, Jan LY. The multifaceted role of TMEM16A in cancer. Cell Calcium 2019; 82:102050. [PMID: 31279157 PMCID: PMC6711484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A is intimately linked to cancers. Over decades, TMEM16A over-expression and contribution to prognosis have been widely studied for multiple cancers strengthening the idea that TMEM16A could be a valuable biomarker and a promising therapeutic target. Surprisingly, from the survey of the literature, it appears that TMEM16A has been involved in multiple cancer-related functions and a large number of molecular targets of TMEM16A have been proposed. Thus, TMEM16A appears to be an ion channel with a multifaceted role in cancers. In this review, we summarize the latest development regarding TMEM16A contribution to cancers. We will survey TMEM16A contribution in cancer prognosis, the origins of its over-expression in cancer cells, the multiple biological functions and molecular pathways regulated by TMEM16A. Then, we will consider the question regarding the molecular mechanism of TMEM16A in cancers and the possible basis for the multifaceted role of TMEM16A in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crottès
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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23
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Weng X, Wu J, Lv Z, Peng C, Chen J, Zhang C, He B, Tong R, Hu W, Ding C, Cao L, Chen D, Wu J, Zheng S. Targeting Mybbp1a suppresses HCC progression via inhibiting IGF1/AKT pathway by CpG islands hypo-methylation dependent promotion of IGFBP5. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:225-236. [PMID: 31109829 PMCID: PMC6606930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myb-binding protein 1A (Mybbp1a) is a nucleolar protein that can regulate rRNA metabolism, the stress response and carcinogenesis. However, the function of Mybbp1a in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We aimed to determine the role of Mybbp1a in HCC and the underlying mechanism. METHODS We investigated the function of Mybbp1a in HCC cell models and the xenograft mouse model. The relationship between Mybbp1a and IGFBP5 was found through expression profile chip. The molecular mechanism of Mybbp1a regulating IGFBP5 was proved through CO-IP, CHIP, Bisulfite Sequencing and Pyrosequencing. FINDINGS In this study, we observed that Mybbp1a was overexpressed in HCC tissues and associated with the poor prognosis of HCC patients. Suppression of Mybbp1a led to a reduction in the proliferation and migration ability of HCC cells through inhibiting the IGF1/AKT signaling pathway. Further study found that Mybbp1a could form a complex with DNMT1 and induce aberrant hyper-methylation of CpG islands of IGFBP5, which inhibits secretion of IGFBP5 and then activates IGF1/AKT signaling pathway. INTERPRETATION These findings extend our understanding of the function of Mybbp1a in the progression of HCC. The newly identified Mybbp1a may provide a novel biomarker for developing potential therapeutic targets of HCC. FUND: Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (No. 2015C03034), National Health and Family Planning Commission of China (No. 2016138643), Innovative Research Groups of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81721091), Major program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91542205).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Weng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingbang Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhen Lv
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chuanhui Peng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Junru Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Bin He
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Rongliang Tong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wendi Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chaofeng Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Linping Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Wu CE, Tzen CY, Wang SY, Yeh CN. Clinical Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): From the Molecular Genetic Point of View. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050679. [PMID: 31100836 PMCID: PMC6563074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) originating from the interstitial cells of Cajal are mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and have been found to harbor c-KIT mutations and KIT (CD117) expression since 1998. Later, PDGFRA mutations, SDH alterations, and other drive mutations were identified in GISTs. In addition, more and more protein markers such as DOG1, PKCθ were found to be expressed in GISTs which might help clinicians diagnose CD117-negative GISTs. Therefore, we plan to comprehensively review the molecular markers and genetics of GISTs and provide clinicians useful information in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of GISTs. Twenty years after the discovery of KIT in GISTs, the diagnosis of GISTs became much more accurate by using immunohistochemical (IHC) panel (CD117/DOG1) and molecular analysis (KIT/PDGFRA), both of which constitute the gold standard of diagnosis in GISTs. The accurately molecular diagnosis of GISTs guides clinicians to precision medicine and provides optimal treatment for the patients with GISTs. Successful treatment in GISTs prolongs the survival of GIST patients and causes GISTs to become a chronic disease. In the future, the development of effective treatment for GISTs resistant to imatinib/sunitinib/regorafenib and KIT/PDGFRA-WT GISTs will be the challenge for GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-En Wu
- GIST Team, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou branch, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Yuan Tzen
- Forlab Clinic, F2, No 14, Sec 2, Zhongxiao East Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- GIST Team, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- GIST Team, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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25
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Abbas F, Besina S, Farooq S, Bhat GM, Ashraf S, Latief M. Role of Novel Marker Discovered on Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor 1 in Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_50_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors arising from myenteric ganglion cells, termed interstitial cells of Cajal. GISTs occur predominantly between 40 and 60 years of age. CD34 was the initially used for diagnosing GIST. Due to its low specificity for GISTs, CD34 was replaced by C-KIT, which is a reliable marker. However, 5% GISTs lack C-KIT expression. Recent studies have shown GIST1 (DOG1) to be a more sensitive and specific marker compared to C-KIT and CD34. Aims and Objectives: The aim was to study histomorphology characteristics and risk stratification of all cases previously diagnosed as GISTs, to evaluate these cases for CD117 and DOG1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and to see whether there was any advantage in using novel markers (i.e. DOG1) as compared to conventional (C-KIT) in GIST at our center. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with histomorphologic or imaging impression of GIST were subjected to IHC using C-KIT and DOG1. Results and Conclusion: Of 50 cases 47 (94%) were positive for C-KIT, and all 50 (100%) cases were positive for DOG1. Hence, DOG1 was positive even in C-KIT-negative cases. Therefore, our study suggests that DOG1 should be added to workup of suspected cases of GIST along with C-KIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- Departments of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Syed Besina
- Departments of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Summyia Farooq
- Department of Pathology, JLNM Hospital Rainawari, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Gull Mohammad Bhat
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Shaziya Ashraf
- Departments of Pathology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
| | - Muzamil Latief
- Division of Nephrology, GMC, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
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26
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Contribution of Anoctamins to Cell Survival and Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030382. [PMID: 30893776 PMCID: PMC6468699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Before anoctamins (TMEM16 proteins) were identified as a family of Ca2+-activated chloride channels and phospholipid scramblases, the founding member anoctamin 1 (ANO1, TMEM16A) was known as DOG1, a marker protein for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Meanwhile, ANO1 has been examined in more detail, and the role of ANO1 in cell proliferation and the development of different types of malignomas is now well established. While ANO5, ANO7, and ANO9 may also be relevant for growth of cancers, evidence has been provided for a role of ANO6 (TMEM16F) in regulated cell death. The cellular mechanisms by which anoctamins control cell proliferation and cell death, respectively, are just emerging; however, the pronounced effects of anoctamins on intracellular Ca2+ levels are likely to play a significant role. Recent results suggest that some anoctamins control membrane exocytosis by setting Ca2+i levels near the plasma membrane, and/or by controlling the intracellular Cl- concentration. Exocytosis and increased membrane trafficking induced by ANO1 and ANO6 may enhance membrane expression of other chloride channels, such as CFTR and volume activated chloride channels (VRAC). Notably, ANO6-induced phospholipid scrambling with exposure of phosphatidylserine is pivotal for the sheddase function of disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM). This may support cell death and tumorigenic activity of IL-6 by inducing IL-6 trans-signaling. The reported anticancer effects of the anthelminthic drug niclosamide are probably related to the potent inhibitory effect on ANO1, apart from inducing cell cycle arrest through the Let-7d/CDC34 axis. On the contrary, pronounced activation of ANO6 due to a large increase in intracellular calcium, activation of phospholipase A2 or lipid peroxidation, can lead to ferroptotic death of cancer cells. It therefore appears reasonable to search for both inhibitors and potent activators of TMEM16 in order to interfere with cancer growth and metastasis.
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27
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Salama R, Al-Obaidy KI, Perrino CM, Grignon DJ, Ulbright TM, Idrees MT. DOG1 immunohistochemical staining of testicular biopsies is a reliable tool for objective assessment of infertility. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 40:18-22. [PMID: 30849695 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Testicular biopsy may be a component of the work-up of male infertility. However, no reliable diagnostic tools are available for objective quantitative assessment of spermatogenic cells. It is well known that MAGE-A4 is selectively expressed in spermatogonia and our group has previously demonstrated that DOG1 differentially stains germ cells. Therefore, we performed DOG1 and a double stain cocktail (DOG1 and 57b murine monoclonal anti-MAGE-A4) immunohistochemical stains on 40 testicular infertility biopsies (10 each with active spermatogenesis, Sertoli cell-only, hypospermatogenesis, and maturation arrest), 25 benign seminiferous tubules from radical orchiectomies, and 5 spermatocytic tumors (ST). In biopsies/resections with active spermatogenesis, DOG1 stained spermatocytes and spermatids and was absent in spermatogonia, while MAGE-A4 stained spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes (weak). In hypospermatogenesis, DOG1 highlighted decreased spermatocytes/spermatids and MAGE-A4 highlighted decreased spermatogonia. DOG1 staining confirmed decreased to absent spermatocytes in maturation arrest and MAGE-A4 staining established the presence of preserved spermatogonia in all cases. All STs were negative for DOG1 and positive for MAGE-A4, while all Sertoli cell-only cases were negative for DOG1 and the double stain cocktail. In conclusion, we confirmed that DOG1 is expressed in spermatocytes and spermatids and MAGE-A4 highlights primarily spermatogonia. Usage of these stains facilitates confirmation of maturation arrest, assessment of the percentage of testis involvement in hypospermatogenesis and identification of mixed patterns. Finally, this study supports that the differentiation of STs is more closely related to spermatogonia than the more mature spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Salama
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, KY, USA
| | - Khaleel I Al-Obaidy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - David J Grignon
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas M Ulbright
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Muhammad T Idrees
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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28
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Berger EP, Johannes CM, Jergens AE, Allenspach K, Powers BE, Du Y, Mochel JP, Fox LE, Musser ML. Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) use in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:2045-2053. [PMID: 30307656 PMCID: PMC6271363 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are uncommon intestinal neoplasms in the dog. Literature regarding adjunctive therapy for GISTs in dogs is sparse. High‐risk GISTs in humans respond to tyrosine kinase inhibition in the adjuvant setting. Objectives To review cases of toceranib phosphate use in dogs with GISTs and provide initial assessment of possible biological activity. A secondary aim was to evaluate patient and tumor characteristics for possible prognostic value. Animals Twenty‐seven dogs with confirmed GISTs based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry treated with toceranib. Methods Retrospective study in which cases of toceranib use in dogs with GIST were solicited using the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Oncology and Small Animal Internal Medicine listservs. Results Five of 7 dogs with gross disease experienced clinical benefit (71%; 3 complete responses, 1 partial response, 1 stable disease). These included 2 dogs with durable responses after toceranib discontinuation. Median progression‐free interval (PFI) in dogs with gross disease was 110 weeks (range, 36‐155 weeks). Median PFI in dogs with microscopic disease was 67 weeks (range, 9‐257 weeks). Metastasis at diagnosis (P = 0.04) and high mitotic index (P < 0.001) were associated with shorter PFI in toceranib‐treated dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Biological activity of toceranib is evident in dogs with gross disease. Metastasis of GIST at diagnosis, as well as high tumor mitotic index, was associated with shorter PFI in toceranib‐treated dogs. Larger studies are needed to define postsurgical risk and refine the use of toceranib in dogs with gross and microscopic GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P Berger
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Barbara E Powers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Yingzhou Du
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | - Leslie E Fox
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Margaret L Musser
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
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29
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Prause M, Niedermoser S, Schirrmacher R, Wängler C, Wängler B. Synthetic approaches towards [18F]fluoro-DOG1, a potential radiotracer for the imaging of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Rehkämper J, Steinestel K, Jeiler B, Elges S, Hekeler E, Huss S, Sperveslage J, Hardes J, Streitbürger A, Gosheger G, Wardelmann E, Baumhoer D, Trautmann M, Hartmann W. Diagnostic tools in the differential diagnosis of giant cell-rich lesions of bone at biopsy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30106-30114. [PMID: 30046391 PMCID: PMC6059026 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of giant cell-rich lesions of bone can be challenging if radiological findings are ambiguous and tissue of the biologically deciding component is underrepresented in biopsy specimens. The frequent association of giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) and chondroblastoma (CB) with (secondary) aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) may further impede correct classification. The present study evaluates the potentials and limitations of mutation-specific histone H3.3 and DOG1 immunohistochemistry, Sanger-/next generation sequencing (NGS) and FISH analysis in the differential diagnosis of 23 GCT, 14 CB and 19 ABC. All morphologically typical GCT and CB harbored mutations in the H3F3A or H3F3B gene, respectively. These were, except for one uncommon G34L mutation in a GCT, reliably and specifically detected by mutation-specific H3.3 G34W or H3.3 K36M immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing. In the diagnostic substantiation of CB, DOG1 staining was less sensitive compared to H3.3 K36M immunohistochemistry. 47% of ABC specifically showed translocations of the USP6 gene, while mutations in H3F3A/B were absent. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that mutation-specific H3.3 immunohistochemistry (selectively complemented with NGS-based DNA sequencing) and USP6 FISH analysis enable a reliable diagnostic distinction of GCT, CB and ABC of morphologically and radiologically difficult cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rehkämper
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birte Jeiler
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sandra Elges
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elena Hekeler
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huss
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Sperveslage
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jendrik Hardes
- Department of Orthopaedics and Tumor Orthopaedics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Arne Streitbürger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Tumor Orthopaedics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Gosheger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Tumor Orthopaedics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumor Reference Centre, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Trautmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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31
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Khurram SA, Speight PM. Characterisation of DOG-1 Expression in Salivary Gland Tumours and Comparison with Myoepithelial Markers. Head Neck Pathol 2018; 13:140-148. [PMID: 29671211 PMCID: PMC6513803 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DOG1 is an established diagnostic marker for gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), but has been reported in salivary gland tumours (SGT) as an acinar and intercalated duct marker. However, its specificity and distribution is not well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of DOG-1 expression in SGT in addition to comparing it with myoepithelial markers. Normal salivary tissue and SGT (n = 184) were examined for expression of DOG1 and a range of myoepithelial markers. SGT included: acinic cell carcinoma (ACC, n = 15), secretory carcinoma (SC, n = 9), pleomorphic adenoma (PA, n = 49), carcinoma ex-PA (Ca ex-PA, n = 11), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC, n = 20), polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC, n = 6), myoepithelioma (n = 6), myoepithelial carcinoma (MC, n = 2), basal cell adenoma (BCA, n = 14), canalicular adenoma (CA, n = 19), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC, n = 11), oncocytoma (n = 2), adenocarcinoma NOS (AdNOS, n = 4), basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC, n = 2), salivary duct carcinoma (SDC, n = 3) and papillary cystadenocarcinoma (PCAC, n = 1). Normal acini and ACC (14/15) showed strong luminal DOG1 staining; SC were largely negative with only focal expression in 3/9 cases. Luminal staining was seen in PA (14/49), PAC (4/6), Ca ex-PA (4/11) and AdCC (6/20). 8/11 MEC showed luminal and/or mucous cell staining. No staining was seen in myoepithelioma, MC, CA, adNOS and BCAC. BCA showed strong staining of myoepithelial cells in some cases (5/14). Variable myoepithelial DOG1 staining was seen in PA, Ca ex PA, BCA, SDC and PCAC which was not as consistent as myoepithelial markers such as calponin, p63 and αSMA. Absence of DOG1 can differentiate ACC from SC, but staining is variable in PA, PLGA and Ca ex-PA. Myoepithelial staining in some tumours but not in normal gland suggests a wider distribution in SGT than originally envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Khurram
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.
| | - Paul M Speight
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
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32
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De la Vieja A, Santisteban P. Role of iodide metabolism in physiology and cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R225-R245. [PMID: 29437784 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Iodide (I-) metabolism is crucial for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (THs) in the thyroid and the subsequent action of these hormones in the organism. I- is principally transported by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and by the anion exchanger PENDRIN, and recent studies have demonstrated the direct participation of new transporters including anoctamin 1 (ANO1), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and sodium multivitamin transporter (SMVT). Several of these transporters have been found expressed in various tissues, implicating them in I- recycling. New research supports the exciting idea that I- participates as a protective antioxidant and can be oxidized to hypoiodite, a potent oxidant involved in the host defense against microorganisms. This was possibly the original role of I- in biological systems, before the appearance of TH in evolution. I- per se participates in its own regulation, and new evidence indicates that it may be antineoplastic, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic in human cancer. Alterations in the expression of I- transporters are associated with tumor development in a cancer-type-dependent manner and, accordingly, NIS, CFTR and ANO1 have been proposed as tumor markers. Radioactive iodide has been the mainstay adjuvant treatment for thyroid cancer for the last seven decades by virtue of its active transport by NIS. The rapid advancement of techniques that detect radioisotopes, in particular I-, has made NIS a preferred target-specific theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De la Vieja
- Tumor Endocrine Unit, Chronic Disease Program (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CiberOnc, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- CiberOnc, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiopathology of Endocrine a Nervous System, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Falkenhorst J, Grunewald S, Mühlenberg T, Marino-Enriquez A, Reis AC, Corless C, Heinrich M, Treckmann J, Podleska LE, Schuler M, Fletcher JA, Bauer S. Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) are commonly dysregulated in GIST and can be pharmacologically targeted to enhance the pro-apoptotic activity of imatinib. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41390-41403. [PMID: 27167336 PMCID: PMC5173067 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) exhibit a strong oncogenic dependency on KIT and KIT inhibitors confer long lasting disease stabilization in the majority of patients. Nonetheless, KIT inhibition alone does not cure GIST as a subset of GIST cells evade apoptosis and eventually develop resistance. Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) may confer resistance to drug-induced apoptosis. We observed that the mRNA and protein of IAPs XIAP (BIRC4) and survivin (BIRC5) were highly expressed in primary GIST tumors and cell line models. Amplification of the respective gene loci (BIRC2, BIRC3, BIRC4, BIRC5) was detected in 47% of GIST studied by SNP arrays. Whole exome analyses revealed a mutation of SMAC(DIABLO) in a heavily pretreated patient. Both, survivin (rank 62-92/11.194 tested proteins) and XIAP (rank 106-557/11.194) were found to be essential proteins for survival in a synthetic lethality screen. Expression of XIAP and survivin decreased upon KIT inhibition and may play a role in KIT-regulated pro-survival signaling. SMAC-mimetic treatment with LCL161 and TL32711 reduced cIAP1 and XIAP expression. Survivin inhibitor YM155 lead to transcriptional repression of BIRC5/survivin (YM155) and induced apoptosis. Combinational treatment with KIT inhibitors (imatinib, regorafenib) enhanced the proapoptotic effect. These findings support the combination of KIT inhibition with IAP antagonists in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Falkenhorst
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Grunewald
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mühlenberg
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Anna-Carina Reis
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Corless
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jürgen Treckmann
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Erik Podleska
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Bauer
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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Charville GW, Longacre TA. Surgical Pathology of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Practical Implications of Morphologic and Molecular Heterogeneity for Precision Medicine. Adv Anat Pathol 2017; 24:336-353. [PMID: 28820749 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract, exhibits diverse histologic and clinical manifestations. With its putative origin in the gastrointestinal pacemaker cell of Cajal, GIST can arise in association with any portion of the tubular gastrointestinal tract. Morphologically, GISTs are classified as spindled or epithelioid, though each of these subtypes encompasses a broad spectrum of microscopic appearances, many of which mimic other histologic entities. Despite this morphologic ambiguity, the diagnosis of GIST is aided in many cases by immunohistochemical detection of KIT (CD117) or DOG1 expression. The natural history of GIST ranges from that of a tumor cured by surgical resection to that of a locally advanced or even widely metastatic, and ultimately fatal, disease. This clinicopathologic heterogeneity is paralleled by an underlying molecular diversity: the majority of GISTs are associated with spontaneous activating mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, or BRAF, while additional subsets are driven by genetic lesions-often inherited-of NF1 or components of the succinate dehydrogenase enzymatic complex. Specific gene mutations correlate with particular anatomic or morphologic characteristics and, in turn, with distinct clinical behaviors. Therefore, prognostication and treatment are increasingly dictated not only by morphologic clues, but also by accompanying molecular genetic features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the heterogenous molecular underpinnings of GIST, including implications for the practicing pathologist with regard to morphologic identification, immunohistochemical diagnosis, and clinical management.
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ANO9/TMEM16J promotes tumourigenesis via EGFR and is a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1798-1809. [PMID: 29024940 PMCID: PMC5729472 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anoctamin (ANO)/transmembrane member 16 (TMEM16) proteins mediate diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions including cancer cell proliferation. The present study aimed to identify the role of ANOs in pancreatic cancer. Methods: In an initial screen of ANOs, ANO9/TMEM16J was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells, and its role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer was evaluated using an integrated in vitro and in vivo approach. To determine clinical relevance of the experimental findings, the prognostic value of ANO9 was evaluated in patients with pancreatic cancer. Results: The ANO9 mRNA and protein levels were increased in pancreatic cancer-derived cells. Exogenous expression of ANO9 in PANC-1 cells significantly increased cell proliferation in cell cultures and in mice. In contrast, knockdown of ANO9 in AsPC-1, BxPC-3, and Capan-2 cells strongly inhibited cell proliferation. Mechanistic analysis suggested that physical association of ANO9 with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) underlies ANO9-induced cell proliferation. Knockdown of ANO9 augmented the effects of the EGFR inhibitor and the cytotoxic agent on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. In addition, high ANO9 expression is a poor prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: The ANO9/TMEM16J appears to be a clinically useful prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer and a potential therapeutic target.
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Wang H, Zou L, Ma K, Yu J, Wu H, Wei M, Xiao Q. Cell-specific mechanisms of TMEM16A Ca 2+-activated chloride channel in cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:152. [PMID: 28893247 PMCID: PMC5594453 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A (known as anoctamin 1) Ca2+-activated chloride channel is overexpressed in many tumors. TMEM16A overexpression can be caused by gene amplification in many tumors harboring 11q13 amplification. TMEM16A expression is also controlled in many cancer cells via transcriptional regulation, epigenetic regulation and microRNAs. In addition, TMEM16A activates different signaling pathways in different cancers, e.g. the EGFR and CAMKII signaling in breast cancer, the p38 and ERK1/2 signaling in hepatoma, the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer, and the NFκB signaling in glioma. Furthermore, TMEM16A overexpression has been reported to promote, inhibit, or produce no effects on cell proliferation and migration in different cancer cells. Since TMEM16A exerts different roles in different cancer cells via activation of distinct signaling pathways, we try to develop the idea that TMEM16A regulates cancer cell proliferation and migration in a cell-dependent mechanism. The cell-specific role of TMEM16A may depend on the cellular environment that is predetermined by TMEM16A overexpression mechanisms specific for a particular cancer type. TMEM16A may exert its cell-specific role via its associated protein networks, phosphorylation by different kinases, and involvement of different signaling pathways. In addition, we discuss the role of TMEM16A channel activity in cancer, and its clinical use as a prognostic and predictive marker in different cancers. This review highlights the cell-type specific mechanisms of TMEM16A in cancer, and envisions the promising use of TMEM16A inhibitors as a potential treatment for TMEM16A-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Liang Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Huizhe Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122 China
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He Y, Li H, Chen Y, Li P, Gao L, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Chen J, Qian X. Expression of anoctamin 1 is associated with advanced tumor stage in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and predicts recurrence after surgery. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1091-1098. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fujimoto M, Inoue T, Kito H, Niwa S, Suzuki T, Muraki K, Ohya S. Transcriptional repression of HER2 by ANO1 Cl - channel inhibition in human breast cancer cells with resistance to trastuzumab. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:188-194. [PMID: 27838298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+-activated Cl- channel ANO1 contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis in several carcinomas including breast cancer (BCA). Cl- channels have recently been attracting attention as 'transcriptional modulators'. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in approximately 30% of patients with BCA, and anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab have emerged as a treatment for metastatic BCA. Among the seven human BCA cell lines examined in the present study, MDA-MB-453 and YMB-1 cells were HER2-positive; however, YMB-1 cell viability showed resistance to trastuzumab. Whole-cell patch-clamp configurations indicated that ANO1 was the main Cl- conductance in YMB-1 cells, and the pharmacological and siRNA-mediated inhibition of ANO1 significantly prevented HER2 transcription in YMB-1 cells. The expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5), which is a risk factor for BCA recurrence and metastasis, was not affected by the inhibition of ANO1 in YMB-1 cells. These results suggest that ANO1 Cl- channels may function as a transcriptional regulator of HER2, and ANO1 inhibitors have potential in the treatment of BCA patients with resistance to HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Fujimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Satomi Niwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 603-8334, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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Wu MM, Lou J, Song BL, Gong YF, Li YC, Yu CJ, Wang QS, Ma TX, Ma K, Hartzell HC, Duan DD, Zhao D, Zhang ZR. Hypoxia augments the calcium-activated chloride current carried by anoctamin-1 in cardiac vascular endothelial cells of neonatal mice. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 171:3680-92. [PMID: 24758567 PMCID: PMC4128065 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The molecular identity of calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) in vascular endothelial cells remains unknown. This study sought to identify whether anoctamin-1 (Ano1, also known as TMEM16A) functions as a CaCC and whether hypoxia alters the biophysical properties of Ano1 in mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cells (CVECs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, confocal imaging analysis and patch-clamp analysis combined with pharmacological approaches were used to determine whether Ano1 was expressed and functioned as CaCC in CVECs. KEY RESULTS Ano1 was expressed in CVECs. The biophysical properties of the current generated in the CVECs, including the Ca2+ and voltage dependence, outward rectification, anion selectivity and the pharmacological profile, are similar to those described for CaCCs. The density of ICl(Ca) detected in CVECs was significantly inhibited by T16Ainh-A01, an Ano1 inhibitor, and a pore-targeting, specific anti-Ano1 antibody, and was markedly decreased in Ano1 gene knockdown CVECs. The density of ICl(Ca) was significantly potentiated in CVECs exposed to hypoxia, and this hypoxia-induced increase in the density of ICl(Ca) was inhibited by T16Ainh-A01 or anti-Ano1 antibody. Hypoxia also increased the current density of ICl(Ca) in Ano1 gene knockdown CVECs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Ano1 formed CaCC in CVECs of neonatal mice. Hypoxia enhances Ano1-mediated ICl(Ca) density via increasing its expression, altering the ratio of its splicing variants, sensitivity to membrane voltage and to Ca2+. Ano1 may play a role in the pathophysiological processes during ischaemia in heart, and therefore, Ano1 might be a potential therapeutic target to prevent ischaemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Wu
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Pinto F, Campanella NC, Abrahão-Machado LF, Scapulatempo-Neto C, de Oliveira AT, Brito MJ, Andrade RP, Guimarães DP, Reis RM. The embryonic Brachyury transcription factor is a novel biomarker of GIST aggressiveness and poor survival. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:651-659. [PMID: 25995035 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T-box transcription factor Brachyury was recently reported to be upregulated and associated with prognosis in solid tumors. Here, we proposed to evaluate the potential use of Brachyury protein expression as a new prognostic biomarker in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). METHODS Brachyury protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 63 bona fide GIST patients. Brachyury expression profiles were correlated with patients' clinicopathological features and prognostic impact. Additionally, an in silico analysis was performed using the Oncomine database to assess Brachyury alterations at DNA and mRNA levels in GISTs. RESULTS We found that Brachyury was overexpressed in the majority (81.0 %) of primary GISTs. We observed Brachyury staining in the nucleus alone in 4.8 % of cases, 23.8 % depicted only cytoplasm staining, and 52.4 % of cases exhibited both nucleus and cytoplasm immunostaining. The presence of Brachyury was associated with aggressive GIST clinicopathological features. Particularly, Brachyury nuclear (with or without cytoplasm) staining was associated with the presence of metastasis, while cytoplasm sublocalization alone was correlated with poor patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we demonstrate that Brachyury is overexpressed in GISTs and is associated with worse outcome, constituting a novel prognostic biomarker and a putative target for GIST treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nathalia C Campanella
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, CEP 14784 400, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, CEP 14784 400, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio T de Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, CEP 14784 400, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Upper Digestive Surgery Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria J Brito
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Raquel P Andrade
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Denise P Guimarães
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, CEP 14784 400, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Endoscopy, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, CEP 14784 400, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Ohya S, Kanatsuka S, Hatano N, Kito H, Matsui A, Fujimoto M, Matsuba S, Niwa S, Zhan P, Suzuki T, Muraki K. Downregulation of the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel KC a3.1 by histone deacetylase inhibition in human breast cancer cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00228. [PMID: 27069638 PMCID: PMC4804315 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channel KCa3.1 is involved in the promotion of tumor growth and metastasis, and is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have considerable potential for cancer therapy, however, the effects of HDACis on ion channel expression have not yet been investigated in detail. The results of this study showed a significant decrease in KCa3.1 transcription by HDAC inhibition in the human breast cancer cell line YMB‐1, which functionally expresses KCa3.1. A treatment with the clinically available, class I, II, and IV HDAC inhibitor, vorinostat significantly downregulated KCa3.1 transcription in a concentration‐dependent manner, and the plasmalemmal expression of the KCa3.1 protein and its functional activity were correspondingly decreased. Pharmacological and siRNA‐based HDAC inhibition both revealed the involvement of HDAC2 and HDAC3 in KCa3.1 transcription through the same mechanism. The downregulation of KCa3.1 in YMB‐1 was not due to the upregulation of the repressor element‐1 silencing transcription factor, REST and the insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 5, IGFBP5. The significant decrease in KCa3.1 transcription by HDAC inhibition was also observed in the KCa3.1‐expressing human prostate cancer cell line, PC‐3. These results suggest that vorinostat and the selective HDACis for HDAC2 and/or HDAC3 are effective drug candidates for KCa3.1‐overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Saki Kanatsuka
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatano
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Aichi-Gakuin University Nagoya 464-8650 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kito
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Azusa Matsui
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Mayu Fujimoto
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Sayo Matsuba
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Satomi Niwa
- Department of Pharmacology Division of Pathological Sciences Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Peng Zhan
- Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto 606-0823 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto 606-0823 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Aichi-Gakuin University Nagoya 464-8650 Japan
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Rizzo FM, Palmirotta R, Marzullo A, Resta N, Cives M, Tucci M, Silvestris F. Parallelism of DOG1 expression with recurrence risk in gastrointestinal stromal tumors bearing KIT or PDGFRA mutations. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:87. [PMID: 26867653 PMCID: PMC4750215 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are characterized by mutations of KIT (v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) or PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor receptor α) that may be efficiently targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Notwithstanding the early responsiveness to TKI, the majority of GISTs progress, imposing the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. DOG1 (discovered on GIST-1) shows a higher sensitivity as a diagnostic marker than KIT, however its prognostic role has been little investigated. Methods We evaluated DOG1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 59 patients with GISTs, and correlated its levels with clinical and pathological features as well as mutational status. Kaplan-Meier analysis was also applied to assess correlations of the staining score with patient recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results DOG1 was expressed in 66 % of CD117+ GISTs and highly associated with tumor size and the rate of wild-type tumors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that a strong DOG1 expression demonstrated by IHC correlated with a worse 2-year RFS rate, suggesting its potential ability to predict GISTs with poor prognosis. Conclusions These findings suggest a prognostic role for DOG1, as well as its potential for inclusion in the criteria for risk stratification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2111-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maria Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11-70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11-70124, Bari, Italy. .,University San Raffaele Rome, Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary BioBank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Marzullo
- Department of Pathology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11-70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11-70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11-70124, Bari, Italy.
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Telugu RB, Pushparaj M, Masih D, Pulimood A. Synchronous Appearance of Adenocarcinoma and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) of the Stomach: A Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ED16-8. [PMID: 27042477 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17636.7289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type of gastric tumour, accounting for approximately 95% of all gastric carcinomas. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms of the digestive tract. Synchronous adenocarcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) occurring in the stomach is rare and very few cases have been reported in literature. Synchronous tumours in the stomach are rarely diagnosed preoperatively. A 63-year-old gentleman was diagnosed with a gastric adenocarcinoma on endoscopic biopsy and underwent surgery. Postoperative histopathologic examination revealed 2 synchronous tumours with both adenocarcinoma and GIST. The adenocarcinoma was determined to be the aggressive tumour based on histologic features. GIST was categorized as a very low risk of malignancy, based on its size and mitosis. The patient underwent chemotherapy for adenocarcinoma. He is under follow up and is currently disease free. Careful histopathologic evaluation is required to detect co-existing rare synchronous tumours. Presence of the second tumour may require additional procedures or protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Babu Telugu
- Assistant Professor, Department of General Pathology, Christian Medical College , Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Magesh Pushparaj
- PG Registrar, Department of General Pathology, Christian Medical College , Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dipti Masih
- Associate Professor, Department of General Pathology, Christian Medical College , Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Anna Pulimood
- Professor, Department of General Pathology, Christian Medical College , Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
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The utility of CDX2, GATA3, and DOG1 in the diagnosis of testicular neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study of 109 cases. Hum Pathol 2016; 48:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Modulating Ca²⁺ signals: a common theme for TMEM16, Ist2, and TMC. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:475-90. [PMID: 26700940 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of TMEM16A (anoctamin 1, ANO1) as Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel, the protein was found to serve different physiological functions, depending on the type of tissue. Subsequent reports on other members of the anoctamin family demonstrated a broad range of yet poorly understood properties. Compromised anoctamin function is causing a wide range of diseases, such as hearing loss (ANO2), bleeding disorder (ANO6), ataxia and dystonia (ANO3, 10), persistent borrelia and mycobacteria infection (ANO10), skeletal syndromes like gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia and limb girdle muscle dystrophy (ANO5), and cancer (ANO1, 6, 7). Animal models demonstrate CF-like airway disease, asthma, and intestinal hyposecretion (ANO1). Although present data indicate that ANO1 is a Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel, it remains unclear whether all anoctamins form plasma membrane-localized or intracellular chloride channels. We find Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) currents appearing by expression of most anoctamin paralogs, including the Nectria haematococca homologue nhTMEM16 and the yeast homologue Ist2. As recent studies show a role of anoctamins, Ist2, and the related transmembrane channel-like (TMC) proteins for intracellular Ca(2+) signaling, we will discuss the role of these proteins in generating compartmentalized Ca(2+) signals, which may give a hint as to the broad range of cellular functions of anoctamins.
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Kashyap MK. Role of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in the pathophysiology and tumorigenesis of gastroesophageal cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8247-57. [PMID: 26369544 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin family of proteins include insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) that are classified into two groups based on their differential affinities to IGFs: IGF high-affinity binding proteins (IGFBP1-6) and IGF low-affinity IGFBP-related proteins (IGFBP-rP1-10). IGFBPs interact with many proteins, including their canonical ligands insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and IGF-II. Together with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor (IGF1R), IGF2R, and ligands (IGF1 and IGF2), IGFBPs participate in a complex signaling axis called IGF-IGFR-IGFBP. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the IGF-IGFR-IGFBP axis is relevant in gastrointestinal (GI) and other cancers. The presence of different IGFBPs have been reported in gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAD or EAC), and gastric adenocarcinoma (GAD or GAC). A literature-based survey clearly indicates that an urgent need exists for a focused review of the role of IGFBPs in gastrointestinal cancers. The aim of this review is to present the biochemical and molecular characteristics of IGFBPs with an emphasis specifically on the role of these proteins in the pathophysiology and tumorigenesis of gastroesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Kashyap
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Science Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0820, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Ling J, Jiang L, Zhang C, Dai J, Wu Q, Tan J. Upregulation of miR-197 inhibits cell proliferation by directly targeting IGFBP5 in human uterine leiomyoma cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:835-42. [PMID: 25990270 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma (ULM), one of the most common reproductive tract neoplasms in premenopausal women, is a kind of benign tumor with multigene involved. Finding and studying the key gene involved has been a long-needed factor for developing non-surgery therapy and prevention methods. The dysregulated microRNAs were reported to play important roles in ULM pathobiology by regulating tumor growth. Our investigations have revealed that miR-197 is at low expression in ULM. Characterization of the effects of miR-197 in ULM demonstrated that downregulation of miR-197 increased cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in vitro, while upregulation of miR-197 expression had the opposite effect on ULM growth and progression. Further research on the mechanism of miR-197 on the proliferation of ULM cells, we showed that miR-197 inhibited cell proliferation of ULM by directly targeting IGFBP5, which was overexpressed in ULM and played an important role in the etiology of ULM. These findings obtained in this study deliver insights and further expand our understanding of the role of miR-197 and its target IGFBP5 in ULM development, which provides a potential novel therapeutic agent to target the proliferation of ULM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of South-East University, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Respiratory, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, 215021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of South-East University, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of South-East University, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Qunying Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of South-East University, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of South-East University, Jiangyin, 214400, China.
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Zhu JQ, Ou WB. Therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. World J Transl Med 2015; 4:25-37. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v4.i1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common type of mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. The tumorigenesis of GISTs is driven by gain-of-function mutations in KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA), resulting in constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase and its downstream signaling pathways. Oncogenic KIT or PDGFRA mutations are compelling therapeutic targets for the treatment of GISTs, and the KIT/PDGFRA inhibitor imatinib is the standard of care for patients with metastatic GISTs. However, most GIST patients develop clinical resistance to imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Five mechanisms of resistance have been characterized: (1) acquisition of a secondary point mutation in KIT or PDGFRA; (2) genomic amplification of KIT; (3) activation of an alternative receptor tyrosine kinase; (4) loss of KIT oncoprotein expression; and (5) wild-type GIST. Currently, sunitinib is used as a second-line treatment for patients after imatinib failure, and regorafenib has been approved for patients whose disease is progressing on both imatinib and sunitinib. Phase II/III trials are currently in progress to evaluate novel inhibitors and immunotherapies targeting KIT, its downstream effectors such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B and mammalian target of rapamycin, heat shock protein 90, and histone deacetylase inhibitor. Other candidate targets have been identified, including ETV1, AXL, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, KRAS, FAS receptor, protein kinase c theta, ANO1 (DOG1), CDC37, and aurora kinase A. These candidates warrant clinical evaluation as novel therapeutic targets in GIST.
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Dailey DD, Ehrhart EJ, Duval DL, Bass T, Powers BE. DOG1 is a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for diagnosis of canine gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:268-77. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638715578878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and leiomyosarcomas are histologically similar primary neoplasms commonly occurring in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and humans. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) is needed to differentiate between these 2 entities and positive reactivity for KIT (cluster of differentiation [CD]117) is regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis of canine GIST. Studies estimate 5–10% of human GISTs stain negative or only weakly positive for KIT and have identified DOG1 (discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumors protein 1) as a highly sensitive and specific marker for human GISTs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immunoreactivity of a commercially available DOG1 antibody for use in diagnosis of canine GISTs. Fifty-five primary mesenchymal gastrointestinal tumors with histologic features consistent with GIST or leiomyosarcoma were evaluated via IHC for KIT, DOG1, and desmin. A subset of tumors was additionally evaluated for reactivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA). Thirty-three tumors (60%) were diagnosed as GIST based on positive immunoreactivity for KIT or DOG1 regardless of reactivity for desmin or SMA. Most GISTs (32/33, 97.0%) had similar staining for both KIT and DOG1. DOG1 expression was identified in 2 tumors (1 study tumor and 1 additional tumor) negative for KIT and desmin that had histologic features consistent with KIT-negative, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA)-mutant human GISTs. Our results suggest that DOG1 has improved specificity and sensitivity to that of KIT for differentiating between canine GISTs and leiomyosarcomas. Inclusion of both DOG1 and KIT IHC in diagnostic panels will improve the accuracy of canine GIST diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna D. Dailey
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories (Bass, Ehrhart, Powers), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (Dailey, Ehrhart, Duval), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Ehrhart, Powers), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Clinical Sciences (Duval), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (Dailey, Ehrhart, Duval), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - E. J. Ehrhart
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories (Bass, Ehrhart, Powers), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (Dailey, Ehrhart, Duval), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Ehrhart, Powers), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Clinical Sciences (Duval), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (Dailey, Ehrhart, Duval), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Dawn L. Duval
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories (Bass, Ehrhart, Powers), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (Dailey, Ehrhart, Duval), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Ehrhart, Powers), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Clinical Sciences (Duval), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (Dailey, Ehrhart, Duval), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Todd Bass
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories (Bass, Ehrhart, Powers), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (Dailey, Ehrhart, Duval), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Ehrhart, Powers), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Clinical Sciences (Duval), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (Dailey, Ehrhart, Duval), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - B. E. Powers
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories (Bass, Ehrhart, Powers), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program (Dailey, Ehrhart, Duval), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Ehrhart, Powers), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Clinical Sciences (Duval), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Flint Animal Cancer Center (Dailey, Ehrhart, Duval), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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Mühlenberg T, Grunewald S, Treckmann J, Podleska L, Schuler M, Fletcher JA, Bauer S. Inhibition of KIT-glycosylation by 2-deoxyglucose abrogates KIT-signaling and combination with ABT-263 synergistically induces apoptosis in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120531. [PMID: 25781619 PMCID: PMC4364009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is frequently used for visualizing gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), which are highly glucose-avid tumors. Dramatic metabolic responses following imatinib treatment indicate a high, KIT-dependent glucose turnover which has been particularly helpful for predicting tumor response to imatinib. The glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) inhibits glucose metabolism in cancer cells that depend on aerobic glycolysis for ATP production. We show that 2DG inhibits proliferation in both imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant GIST cell lines at levels that can be achieved clinically. KIT-negative GIST48B have 3-14-fold higher IC50 levels than KIT-positive GIST cells indicating that oncogenic KIT may sensitize cells to 2DG. GIST sensitivity to 2DG is increased in low-glucose media (110mg/dl). 2DG leads to dose- and glucose dependent inhibition of KIT glycosylation with resultant reduction of membrane-bound KIT, inhibition of KIT-phosphorylation and inactivation of KIT-dependent signaling intermediates. In contrast to imatinib, 2DG caused ER-stress and elicited the unfolded protein response (UPR). Mannose but not pyruvate rescued GIST cells from 2DG-induced growth arrest, suggesting that loss of KIT integrity is the predominant effect of 2DG in GIST. Additive anti-tumoral effects were seen with imatinib and BH3-mimetics. Our data provide the first evidence that modulation of the glucose-metabolism by 2DG may have a disease-specific effect and may be therapeutically useful in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mühlenberg
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Sarcoma Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Susanne Grunewald
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Sarcoma Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Treckmann
- Sarcoma Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Dept. of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Podleska
- Sarcoma Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Dept. of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan A. Fletcher
- Dept. of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Sarcoma Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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