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Yurchenko AA, Pop OT, Ighilahriz M, Padioleau I, Rajabi F, Sharpe HJ, Poulalhon N, Dreno B, Khammari A, Delord M, Alberti A, Soufir N, Battistella M, Mourah S, Bouquet F, Savina A, Besse A, Mendez-Lopez M, Grange F, Monestier S, Mortier L, Meyer N, Dutriaux C, Robert C, Saiag P, Herms F, Lambert J, de Sauvage FJ, Dumaz N, Flatz L, Basset-Seguin N, Nikolaev SI. Frequency and Genomic Aspects of Intrinsic Resistance to Vismodegib in Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1422-1432. [PMID: 35078858 PMCID: PMC9365352 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vismodegib is approved for the treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC), but some cases demonstrate intrinsic resistance (IR) to the drug. We sought to assess the frequency of IR to vismodegib in laBCC and its underlying genomic mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Response to vismodegib was evaluated in a cohort of 148 laBCC patients. Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling was performed in a subset of five intrinsically resistant BCC (IR-BCC). RESULTS We identified that IR-BCC represents 6.1% of laBCC in the studied cohort. Prior treatment with chemotherapy was associated with IR. Genetic events that were previously associated with acquired resistance (AR) in BCC or medulloblastoma were observed in three out of five IR-BCC. However, IR-BCCs were distinct by highly rearranged polyploid genomes. Functional analyses identified hyperactivation of the HIPPO-YAP and WNT pathways at RNA and protein levels in IR-BCC. In vitro assay on the BCC cell line further confirmed that YAP1 overexpression increases the cell proliferation rate. CONCLUSIONS IR to vismodegib is a rare event in laBCC. IR-BCCs frequently harbor resistance mutations in the Hh pathway, but also are characterized by hyperactivation of the HIPPO-YAP and WNT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Yurchenko
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Oltin T. Pop
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Ismael Padioleau
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Nicolas Poulalhon
- Service de dermatologie, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Department of Dermato-Oncology, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, CIC 1413, Inserm UMR 1302/EMR6001 INCIT, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- Department of Dermato-Oncology, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, CIC 1413, Inserm UMR 1302/EMR6001 INCIT, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marc Delord
- Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Maxime Battistella
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Service d'anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Claude Vellefaux, Paris, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Département de Génomique des Tumeurs Solides, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Claude Vellefaux, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Andrej Besse
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Max Mendez-Lopez
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Florent Grange
- Service de dermatologie, CHU Reims, Rue du general Koenig, Reims, France.,Service de Dermatologie, centre hospitalier de Valence, Valence, France
| | | | - Laurent Mortier
- Service de dermatologie, CHU Lille, Clin Dermato Hop Huriez, Rue Michel Polonovski, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- Service de dermatologie, Institut Univeristaire du Cancer et CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Caroline Robert
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Saiag
- Department of General and Oncologic Dermatology, Ambroise-Paré hospital, APHP, and EA 4340 “Biomarkers in Cancerology and Hemato-oncology,” UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Florian Herms
- Service de dermatologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Lambert
- Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Service de Biostatistique et Information Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Basset-Seguin
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Service de dermatologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Corresponding Authors: Sergey I. Nikolaev, U981 INSERM, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France. Phone: 33-142115775; E-mail: ; and Nicole Basset-Seguin, Service de dermatologie, unité d'oncodermatologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris. Phone: 33-153722066; Fax: 33-142355310; E-mail:
| | - Sergey I. Nikolaev
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Corresponding Authors: Sergey I. Nikolaev, U981 INSERM, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France. Phone: 33-142115775; E-mail: ; and Nicole Basset-Seguin, Service de dermatologie, unité d'oncodermatologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris. Phone: 33-153722066; Fax: 33-142355310; E-mail:
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2
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Luzzi S, Giotta Lucifero A, Brambilla I, Semeria Mantelli S, Mosconi M, Foiadelli T, Savasta S. Targeting the medulloblastoma: a molecular-based approach. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:79-100. [PMID: 32608377 PMCID: PMC7975825 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i7-s.9958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of success of standard therapies for medulloblastoma has highlighted the need to plan a new therapeutic approach. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the novel treatment strategies based on the molecular characterization and risk categories of the medulloblastoma, also focusing on up-to-date relevant clinical trials and the challenges in translating tailored approaches into clinical practice. METHODS An online search of the literature was carried out on the PubMed/MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov websites about molecular classification of medulloblastomas, ongoing clinical trials and new treatment strategies. Only articles in the English language and published in the last five years were selected. The research was refined based on the best match and relevance. RESULTS A total 58 articles and 51 clinical trials were analyzed. Trials were of phase I, II, and I/II in 55%, 33% and 12% of the cases, respectively. Target and adoptive immunotherapies were the treatment strategies for newly diagnosed and recurrent medulloblastoma in 71% and 29% of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSION Efforts are focused on the fine-tuning of target therapies and immunotherapies, including agents directed to specific pathways, engineered T-cells and oncoviruses. The blood-brain barrier, chemoresistance, the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells are the main translational challenges to be overcome in order to optimize medulloblastoma treatment, reduce the long-term morbidity and increase the overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Brambilla
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Simona Semeria Mantelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mario Mosconi
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Thomas Foiadelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Savasta
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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3
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Scheidt T, Alka O, Gonczarowska-Jorge H, Gruber W, Rathje F, Dell’Aica M, Rurik M, Kohlbacher O, Zahedi RP, Aberger F, Huber CG. Phosphoproteomics of short-term hedgehog signaling in human medulloblastoma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:99. [PMID: 32576205 PMCID: PMC7310537 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant hedgehog (HH) signaling is implicated in the development of various cancer entities such as medulloblastoma. Activation of GLI transcription factors was revealed as the driving force upon pathway activation. Increased phosphorylation of essential effectors such as Smoothened (SMO) and GLI proteins by kinases including Protein Kinase A, Casein Kinase 1, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 β controls effector activity, stability and processing. However, a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of phosphorylation in the signal transduction remains unclear, particularly during early response processes involved in SMO activation and preceding GLI target gene regulation. METHODS We applied temporal quantitative phosphoproteomics to reveal phosphorylation dynamics underlying the short-term chemical activation and inhibition of early hedgehog signaling in HH responsive human medulloblastoma cells. Medulloblastoma cells were treated for 5.0 and 15 min with Smoothened Agonist (SAG) to induce and with vismodegib to inhibit the HH pathway. RESULTS Our phosphoproteomic profiling resulted in the quantification of 7700 and 10,000 phosphosites after 5.0 and 15 min treatment, respectively. The data suggest a central role of phosphorylation in the regulation of ciliary assembly, trafficking, and signal transduction already after 5.0 min treatment. ERK/MAPK signaling, besides Protein Kinase A signaling and mTOR signaling, were differentially regulated after short-term treatment. Activation of Polo-like Kinase 1 and inhibition of Casein Kinase 2A1 were characteristic for vismodegib treatment, while SAG treatment induced Aurora Kinase A activity. Distinctive phosphorylation of central players of HH signaling such as SMO, SUFU, GLI2 and GLI3 was observed only after 15 min treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that phosphorylation triggered in response to SMO modulation dictates the localization of hedgehog pathway components within the primary cilium and affects the regulation of the SMO-SUFU-GLI axis. The data are relevant for the development of targeted therapies of HH-associated cancers including sonic HH-type medulloblastoma. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action of SMO inhibitors such as vismodegib may lead to the development of compounds causing fewer adverse effects and lower frequencies of drug resistance. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Scheidt
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories and Molecular Cancer Research and Tumor Immunology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oliver Alka
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Humberto Gonczarowska-Jorge
- Leibniz-Institute of Analytical Sciences- ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
- Present address: CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70040-020 Brazil
| | - Wolfgang Gruber
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories and Molecular Cancer Research and Tumor Immunology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Present address: EVER Valinject GmbH, 4866 Unterach am Attersee, Austria
| | - Florian Rathje
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories and Molecular Cancer Research and Tumor Immunology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Marc Rurik
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 9, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Applied Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - René P. Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institute of Analytical Sciences- ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories and Molecular Cancer Research and Tumor Immunology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G. Huber
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories and Molecular Cancer Research and Tumor Immunology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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4
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da Silva LS, Mançano BM, de Paula FE, Dos Reis MB, de Almeida GC, Matsushita M, Junior CA, Evangelista AF, Saggioro F, Serafini LN, Stavale JN, Malheiros SMF, Lima M, Hajj GNM, de Lima MA, Taylor MD, Leal LF, Reis RM. Expression of GNAS, TP53, and PTEN Improves the Patient Prognostication in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) Medulloblastoma Subgroup. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:957-966. [PMID: 32380172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.04.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. It is currently classified in four main molecular subgroups with different clinical outcomes: sonic hedgehog, wingless, group 3, and group 4 (MBSHH, MBWNT, MBGRP3, or MBGRP4). Presently, a 22-gene expression panel has been efficiently applied for molecular subgrouping using nCounter technology. In this study, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from 164 Brazilian medulloblastomas were evaluated, applying the 22-gene panel, and subclassified into the low and high expression of nine key medulloblastoma-related genes. In addition, TP53 mutation status was assessed using TruSight Tumor 15 Panel, and its correlation with expression and prognostic impact was evaluated. Samples from 149 of 164 patients (90%) were classified into MBSHH (47.7%), MBWNT (16.1%), MBGRP3 (15.4%), and MBGRP4 (20.8%). GNAS presented the highest expression levels, with higher expression in MBSHH. TP53, MYCN, SOX2, and MET were also up-regulated in MBSHH, whereas PTEN was up-regulated in MBGRP4. GNAS, TP53, and PTEN low expression was associated with the unfavorable patient outcome only for MBSHH (P = 0.04, P = 0.01, and P = 0.02, respectively). TP53 mutations were detected in 28.57% of MBSHH cases and exhibited association with lower expression and worse clinical outcome, although not statistically significant. The 22-gene panel for molecular classification of medulloblastoma associated with the expression of GNAS, TP53, and PTEN improves the patient prognostication in MBSHH subgroup and can be easily incorporated in the 22-gene panel without any additional costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane S da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna M Mançano
- Children and Young Adult's Cancer Hospital, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia E de Paula
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Dos Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Matsushita
- Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Junior
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Saggioro
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João N Stavale
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Lima
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia N M Hajj
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Michael D Taylor
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Letícia F Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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5
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Kumar R, Liu APY, Northcott PA. Medulloblastoma genomics in the modern molecular era. Brain Pathol 2019; 30:679-690. [PMID: 31799776 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) represents a spectrum of biologically and clinically distinct entities. Initially described histopathologically as a small, round blue cell tumor arising in the cerebellum, MB has emerged as a paradigm for molecular classification in cancer. Recent advances in genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of MB have further refined molecular classification and complemented conventional histopathological diagnosis. Herein, we review the main clinical and molecular features of the four consensus subgroups of MB (WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4). We also highlight hereditary predisposition syndromes associated with increased risk of MB. Finally, we explore advances in the classification of the consensus molecular groups while also presenting cutting-edge frontiers in identifying intratumoral heterogeneity and cellular origins of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Division of Brain Tumor Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN
| | - Anthony P Y Liu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Division of Brain Tumor Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Department of Oncology, Division of Neurooncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Division of Brain Tumor Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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6
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Eckerdt F, Clymer J, Bell JB, Beauchamp EM, Blyth GT, Goldman S, Platanias LC. Pharmacological mTOR targeting enhances the antineoplastic effects of selective PI3Kα inhibition in medulloblastoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12822. [PMID: 31492956 PMCID: PMC6731286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of medulloblastoma, patients in high-risk categories still face very poor outcomes. Evidence indicates that a subpopulation of cancer stem cells contributes to therapy resistance and tumour relapse in these patients. To prevent resistance and relapse, the development of treatment strategies tailored to target subgroup specific signalling circuits in high-risk medulloblastomas might be similarly important as targeting the cancer stem cell population. We have previously demonstrated potent antineoplastic effects for the PI3Kα selective inhibitor alpelisib in medulloblastoma. Here, we performed studies aimed to enhance the anti-medulloblastoma effects of alpelisib by simultaneous catalytic targeting of the mTOR kinase. Pharmacological mTOR inhibition potently enhanced the suppressive effects of alpelisib on cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis and additionally blocked sphere-forming ability of medulloblastoma stem-like cancer cells in vitro. We identified the HH effector GLI1 as a target for dual PI3Kα and mTOR inhibition in SHH-type medulloblastoma and confirmed these results in HH-driven Ewing sarcoma cells. Importantly, pharmacologic mTOR inhibition greatly enhanced the inhibitory effects of alpelisib on medulloblastoma tumour growth in vivo. In summary, these findings highlight a key role for PI3K/mTOR signalling in GLI1 regulation in HH-driven cancers and suggest that combined PI3Kα/mTOR inhibition may be particularly interesting for the development of effective treatment strategies in high-risk medulloblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Eckerdt
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jessica Clymer
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Neuro Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan B Bell
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elspeth M Beauchamp
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Medicine Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gavin T Blyth
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stewart Goldman
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Neuro Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Medicine Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Ferrucci V, de Antonellis P, Pennino FP, Asadzadeh F, Virgilio A, Montanaro D, Galeone A, Boffa I, Pisano I, Scognamiglio I, Navas L, Diana D, Pedone E, Gargiulo S, Gramanzini M, Brunetti A, Danielson L, Carotenuto M, Liguori L, Verrico A, Quaglietta L, Errico ME, Del Monaco V, D'Argenio V, Tirone F, Mastronuzzi A, Donofrio V, Giangaspero F, Picard D, Remke M, Garzia L, Daniels C, Delattre O, Swartling FJ, Weiss WA, Salvatore F, Fattorusso R, Chesler L, Taylor MD, Cinalli G, Zollo M. Metastatic group 3 medulloblastoma is driven by PRUNE1 targeting NME1-TGF-β-OTX2-SNAIL via PTEN inhibition. Brain 2019; 141:1300-1319. [PMID: 29490009 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic modifications during development of paediatric groups 3 and 4 medulloblastoma are responsible for their highly metastatic properties and poor patient survival rates. PRUNE1 is highly expressed in metastatic medulloblastoma group 3, which is characterized by TGF-β signalling activation, c-MYC amplification, and OTX2 expression. We describe the process of activation of the PRUNE1 signalling pathway that includes its binding to NME1, TGF-β activation, OTX2 upregulation, SNAIL (SNAI1) upregulation, and PTEN inhibition. The newly identified small molecule pyrimido-pyrimidine derivative AA7.1 enhances PRUNE1 degradation, inhibits this activation network, and augments PTEN expression. Both AA7.1 and a competitive permeable peptide that impairs PRUNE1/NME1 complex formation, impair tumour growth and metastatic dissemination in orthotopic xenograft models with a metastatic medulloblastoma group 3 cell line (D425-Med cells). Using whole exome sequencing technology in metastatic medulloblastoma primary tumour cells, we also define 23 common 'non-synonymous homozygous' deleterious gene variants as part of the protein molecular network of relevance for metastatic processes. This PRUNE1/TGF-β/OTX2/PTEN axis, together with the medulloblastoma-driver mutations, is of relevance for future rational and targeted therapies for metastatic medulloblastoma group 3.10.1093/brain/awy039_video1awy039media15742053534001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferrucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM), Milan, Italy
| | - Pasqualino de Antonellis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Paolo Pennino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Virgilio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Galeone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ida Pisano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Navas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Diana
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Gargiulo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Gramanzini
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Danielson
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Marianeve Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Verrico
- Paediatric Neurosurgery, Ospedale Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Quaglietta
- Paediatric Neurosurgery, Ospedale Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Valeria D'Argenio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Genetic Control of Development-URT, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Dipartimento di Onco-Ematologia, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Felice Giangaspero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche, Oncologiche e Anatomo Patologiche, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Daniel Picard
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology, and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology, and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Livia Garzia
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Craig Daniels
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Delattre
- PSL Research University, Inserm U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Caserta, Italy
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Paediatric Neurosurgery, Ospedale Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM), Milan, Italy.,DAI-Medicina Trasfusionale-Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, Naples, Italy
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8
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Galperin I, Dempwolff L, Diederich WE, Lauth M. Inhibiting Hedgehog: An Update on Pharmacological Compounds and Targeting Strategies. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8392-8411. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Galperin
- Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Dempwolff
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wibke E. Diederich
- School of Pharmacy, Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Medicinal Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Center for Tumor and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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9
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Curran T. Reproducibility of academic preclinical translational research: lessons from the development of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors to treat cancer. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180098. [PMID: 30068568 PMCID: PMC6119869 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Academic translational research is growing at a great pace at a time in which questions have been raised about the reproducibility of preclinical findings. The development of Hedgehog (HH) pathway inhibitors for the treatment of cancer over the past two decades offers a case study for understanding the root causes of failure to predict clinical outcomes arising from academic preclinical translational research. Although such inhibitors were once hoped to be efficacious in up to 25% of human cancer, clinical studies showed responses only in basal cell carcinoma and the HH subtype of medulloblastoma. Close examination of the published studies reveals limitations in the models used, lack of quantitative standards, utilization of high drug concentrations associated with non-specific toxicities and improper use of cell line and mouse models. In part, these issues arise from scientific complexity, for example, the failure of tumour cell lines to maintain HH pathway activity in vitro, but a greater contributing factor appears to be the influence of unconscious bias. There was a strong expectation that HH pathway inhibitors would make a profound impact on human cancer and experiments were designed with this assumption in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Curran
- Children's Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MI 64108, USA
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10
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Li QR, Zhao H, Zhang XS, Lang H, Yu K. Novel-smoothened inhibitors for therapeutic targeting of naïve and drug-resistant hedgehog pathway-driven cancers. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:257-267. [PMID: 29777201 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) smoothened (SMO) is a key signaling component of the sonic hedgehog (Hh) pathway and a clinically validated target for cancer treatment. The FDA-approved SMO inhibitors GDC-0449/Vismodegib and LDE225/Sonidegib demonstrated clinical antitumor efficacy. Nevertheless, relatively high percentage of treated patients would eventually develop acquired cross resistance to both drugs. Here, based on published structure and activity of GDC-0449 inhibitor class, we replaced its amide core with benzimidazole which retained bulk of the SMO-targeting activity as measured in our Hh/SMO/Gli1-reporter system. Synthesis and screening of multiple series of benzimidazole derivatives identified HH-1, HH-13, and HH-20 with potent target suppression (IC50: <0.1 μmol/L) in the reporter assays. In NIH3T3 cells stimulated with a secreted Hh (SHH), these inhibitors dose dependently reduced mRNA and protein expression of the endogenous pathway components PTCH-1, Gli1, and cyclin D1 resulting in growth inhibition via G0/G1 arrest. Mechanistically, the SMO-targeted growth inhibition involved downregulation of mTOR signaling inputs and readouts consistent with diminished mTORC1/mTORC2 functions and apoptosis. In mice, as with GDC-0449, orally administered HH inhibitors blocked paracrine activation of stromal Hh pathway in Calu-6 tumor microenvironment and attenuated growth of PTCH+/-/P53-/- medulloblastoma allograft tumors. Furthermore, HH-13 and HH-20 potently targeted the drug-resistant smoothened SMO-D473H (IC50: <0.2 μmol/L) compared to the poor inhibition by GDC-0449 (IC50: >60 μmol/L). These results identify HH-13 and HH-20 as potent inhibitors capable of targeting naïve and drug-resistant Hh/SMO-driven cancers. The current leads may be optimized to improve pharmaceutical property for potential development of new therapy for treatment of Hh pathway-driven cancers.
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11
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Teng X, Hardwick JM. Whi2: a new player in amino acid sensing. Curr Genet 2019; 65:701-709. [PMID: 30701278 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-00929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A critical function of human, yeast, and bacterial cells is the ability to sense and respond to available nutrients such as glucose and amino acids. Cells must also detect declining nutrient levels to adequately prepare for starvation conditions by inhibiting cell growth and activating autophagy. The evolutionarily conserved protein complex TORC1 regulates these cellular responses to nutrients, and in particular to amino acid availability. Recently, we found that yeast Whi2 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and a human counterpart, KCTD11, that shares a conserved BTB structural domain, are required to suppress TORC1 activity under low amino acid conditions. Using yeast, the mechanisms were more readily dissected. Unexpectedly, Whi2 suppresses TORC1 activity independently of the well-known SEACIT-GTR pathway, analogous to the GATOR1-RAG pathway in mammals. Instead, Whi2 requires the plasma membrane-associated phosphatases Psr1 and Psr2, which were known to bind Whi2, although their role was unknown. Yeast WHI2 was previously reported to be involved in regulating several fundamental cellular processes including cell cycle arrest, general stress responses, the Ras-cAMP-PKA pathway, autophagy, and mitophagy, and to be frequently mutated in the yeast knockout collections and in genome evolution studies. Most of these observations are likely explained by the ability of Whi2 to inhibit TORC1. Thus, understanding the function of yeast Whi2 will provide deeper insights into the disease-related KCTD family proteins and the pathogenesis of plant and human fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China. .,W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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12
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Dobson THW, Tao RH, Swaminathan J, Maegawa S, Shaik S, Bravo-Alegria J, Sharma A, Kennis B, Yang Y, Callegari K, Haltom AR, Taylor P, Kogiso M, Qi L, Khatua S, Goldman S, Lulla RR, Fangusaro J, MacDonald TJ, Li XN, Hawkins C, Rajaram V, Gopalakrishnan V. Transcriptional repressor REST drives lineage stage-specific chromatin compaction at Ptch1 and increases AKT activation in a mouse model of medulloblastoma. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/565/eaan8680. [PMID: 30670636 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan8680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In medulloblastomas (MBs), the expression and activity of RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) is increased in tumors driven by the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway, specifically the SHH-α (children 3 to 16 years) and SHH-β (infants) subgroups. Neuronal maturation is greater in SHH-β than SHH-α tumors, but both correlate with poor overall patient survival. We studied the contribution of REST to MB using a transgenic mouse model (RESTTG ) wherein conditional NeuroD2-controlled REST transgene expression in lineage-committed Ptch1 +/- cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs) accelerated tumorigenesis and increased penetrance and infiltrative disease. This model revealed a neuronal maturation context-specific antagonistic interplay between the transcriptional repressor REST and the activator GLI1 at Ptch1 Expression of Arrb1, which encodes β-arrestin1 (a GLI1 inhibitor), was substantially reduced in proliferating and, to a lesser extent, lineage-committed RESTTG cells compared with wild-type proliferating CGNPs. Lineage-committed RESTTG cells also had decreased GLI1 activity and increased histone H3K9 methylation at the Ptch1 locus, which correlated with premature silencing of Ptch1 These cells also had decreased expression of Pten, which encodes a negative regulator of the kinase AKT. Expression of PTCH1 and GLI1 were less, and ARRB1 was somewhat greater, in patient SHH-β than SHH-α MBs, whereas that of PTEN was similarly lower in both subtypes than in others. Inhibition of histone modifiers or AKT reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis, respectively, in cultured REST-high MB cells. Our findings linking REST to differentiation-specific chromatin remodeling, PTCH1 silencing, and AKT activation in MB tissues reveal potential subgroup-specific therapeutic targets for MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara H W Dobson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rong-Hua Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Shinji Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shavali Shaik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Javiera Bravo-Alegria
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bridget Kennis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanwen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keri Callegari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amanda R Haltom
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pete Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lin Qi
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stewart Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rishi R Lulla
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jason Fangusaro
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Department of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Veena Rajaram
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. .,Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Brain Tumor Center, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Overcoming the emerging drug resistance of smoothened: an overview of small-molecule SMO antagonists with antiresistance activity. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2855-2875. [PMID: 30557039 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays vital roles in controlling embryonic cell fate and homeostatic, and becomes dormant in mature individuals, aberrant activation of HH signaling pathway is involved in a number of human cancers. Smoothened (SMO), a vital transducer of HH signaling pathway, attracts significant attentions in HH signaling pathway-related cancer therapy. The approval of SMO antagonists vismodegib proves that SMO is a promising therapeutic target, and a number of SMO antagonists are reported since then. However, high incidence of tumor recurrence with the clinical application of vismodegib urges exploring of novel drugs with antiresistance profiles. This review provides an overview of SMO mutations reported in the literature, crystal structures of SMO, as well as reported antagonists with antiresistance profiles.
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14
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Hedgehog signalling in the tumourigenesis and metastasis of osteosarcoma, and its potential value in the clinical therapy of osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:701. [PMID: 29899399 PMCID: PMC5999604 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is involved in cell differentiation, growth and tissue polarity. This pathway is also involved in the progression and invasion of various human cancers. Osteosarcoma, a subtype of bone cancer, is commonly seen in children and adolescents. Typically, pulmonary osteosarcoma metastases are especially difficult to control. In the present paper, we summarise recent studies on the regulation of osteosarcoma progression and metastasis by downregulating Hh signalling. We also summarise the crosstalk between the Hh pathway and other cancer-related pathways in the tumourigenesis of various cancers. We further summarise and highlight the therapeutic value of potential inhibitors of Hh signalling in the clinical therapy of human cancers.
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15
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Chaturvedi NK, Kling MJ, Coulter DW, McGuire TR, Ray S, Kesherwani V, Joshi SS, Sharp JG. Improved therapy for medulloblastoma: targeting hedgehog and PI3K-mTOR signaling pathways in combination with chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16619-16633. [PMID: 29682173 PMCID: PMC5908274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation and interactions of hedgehog (HH) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways are frequently associated with high-risk medulloblastoma (MB). Thus, combined targeting of the HH and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways could be a viable therapeutic strategy to treat high-risk patients. Therefore, we investigated the anti-MB efficacies of combined HH inhibitor Vismodegib and PI3K-mTOR dual-inhibitor BEZ235 together or combined individually with cisplatin against high-risk MB. Using non-MYC- and MYC-amplified cell lines, and a xenograft mouse model, the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of these therapies on cell growth/survival and associated molecular mechanism(s) were investigated. Results showed that combined treatment of Vismodegib and BEZ235 together, or with cisplatin, significantly decreased MB cell growth/survival in a dose-dependent-fashion. Corresponding changes in the expression of targeted molecules following therapy were observed. Results demonstrated that inhibitors not only suppressed MB cell growth/survival when combined, but also significantly enhanced cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity. Of these combinations, BEZ235 exhibited a significantly greater efficacy in enhancing cisplatin-mediated MB cytotoxicity. Results also demonstrated that the MYC-amplified MB lines showed a higher sensitivity to combined therapies compared to non-MYC-amplified cell lines. Therefore, we tested the efficacy of combined approaches against MYC-amplified MB growing in NSG mice. In vivo results showed that combination of Vismodegib and BEZ235 or their combination with cisplatin, significantly delayed MB tumor growth and increased survival of xenografted mice by targeting HH and mTOR pathways. Thus, our studies lay a foundation for translating these combined therapeutic strategies to the clinical setting to determine their efficacies in high-risk MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra K Chaturvedi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - Matthew J Kling
- Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - Don W Coulter
- Departments of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - Sutapa Ray
- Departments of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - Varun Kesherwani
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - Shantaram S Joshi
- Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - J Graham Sharp
- Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
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16
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Wu CC, Hou S, Orr BA, Kuo BR, Youn YH, Ong T, Roth F, Eberhart CG, Robinson GW, Solecki DJ, Taketo MM, Gilbertson RJ, Roussel MF, Han YG. mTORC1-Mediated Inhibition of 4EBP1 Is Essential for Hedgehog Signaling-Driven Translation and Medulloblastoma. Dev Cell 2017; 43:673-688.e5. [PMID: 29103956 PMCID: PMC5736446 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) cooperates with Hedgehog (HH) signaling, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we provide genetic, biochemical, and pharmacologic evidence that MTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent translation is a prerequisite for HH signaling. The genetic loss of mTORC1 function inhibited HH signaling-driven growth of the cerebellum and medulloblastoma. Inhibiting translation or mTORC1 blocked HH signaling. Depleting 4EBP1, an mTORC1 target that inhibits translation, alleviated the dependence of HH signaling on mTORC1. Consistent with this, phosphorylated 4EBP1 levels were elevated in HH signaling-driven medulloblastomas in mice and humans. In mice, an mTORC1 inhibitor suppressed medulloblastoma driven by a mutant SMO that is inherently resistant to existing SMO inhibitors, prolonging the survival of the mice. Our study reveals that mTORC1-mediated translation is a key component of HH signaling and an important target for treating medulloblastoma and other cancers driven by HH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chih Wu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Neurobiology and Brain Tumor Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shirui Hou
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Neurobiology and Brain Tumor Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Brent A Orr
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bryan R Kuo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Neurobiology and Brain Tumor Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong Ha Youn
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Neurobiology and Brain Tumor Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Taren Ong
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Neurobiology and Brain Tumor Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fanny Roth
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building 558, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Giles W Robinson
- Department of Oncology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David J Solecki
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Neurobiology and Brain Tumor Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Makoto M Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoé-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Department of Oncology and CRUK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, England
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Young-Goo Han
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Neurobiology and Brain Tumor Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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17
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Extra-mitochondrial prosurvival BCL-2 proteins regulate gene transcription by inhibiting the SUFU tumour suppressor. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1226-1236. [PMID: 28945232 PMCID: PMC5657599 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct interactions between pro- and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members form the basis of cell death decision-making at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Here we report that three antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins (MCL-1, BCL-2, and BCL-XL) found untethered from the OMM function as transcriptional regulators of a prosurvival and growth program. Antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins engage a BCL-2 homology (BH) domain sequence found in Suppressor of Fused (SUFU), a tumor suppressor and antagonist of the GLI DNA binding proteins. BCL-2 proteins directly promote SUFU turnover, inhibit SUFU-GLI interaction, and induce the expression of the GLI target genes BCL-2, MCL-1, and BCL-XL. Antiapoptotic BCL-2 protein/SUFU feedforward signaling promotes cancer cell survival and growth and can be disabled with BH3 mimetics – small molecules that target antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins. Our findings delineate a chemical strategy for countering drug resistance in GLI-associated tumors and reveal unanticipated functions for BCL-2 proteins as transcriptional regulators.
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18
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Bakshi A, Chaudhary SC, Rana M, Elmets CA, Athar M. Basal cell carcinoma pathogenesis and therapy involving hedgehog signaling and beyond. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2543-2557. [PMID: 28574612 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is driven by aberrant hedgehog signaling. Thus blocking this signaling pathway by small molecules such as vismodegib inhibits tumor growth. Primary cilium in the epidermal cells plays an integral role in the processing of hedgehog signaling-related proteins. Recent genomic studies point to the involvement of additional genetic mutations that might be associated with the development of BCCs, suggesting significance of other signaling pathways, such as WNT, NOTCH, mTOR, and Hippo, aside from hedgehog in the pathogenesis of this human neoplasm. Some of these pathways could be regulated by noncoding microRNA. Altered microRNA expression profile is recognized with the progression of these lesions. Stopping treatment with Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors often leads to tumor reoccurrence in the patients with basal cell nevus syndrome, who develop 10-100 of BCCs. In addition, the initial effectiveness of these SMO inhibitors is impaired due to the onset of mutations in the drug-binding domain of SMO. These data point to a need to develop strategies to overcome tumor recurrence and resistance and to enhance efficacy by developing novel single agent-based or multiple agents-based combinatorial approaches. Immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy could be additional successful approaches particularly if developed in combination with chemotherapy for inoperable and metastatic BCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Bakshi
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sandeep C Chaudhary
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mehtab Rana
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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19
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Pak E, Segal RA. Hedgehog Signal Transduction: Key Players, Oncogenic Drivers, and Cancer Therapy. Dev Cell 2017; 38:333-44. [PMID: 27554855 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway governs complex developmental processes, including proliferation and patterning within diverse tissues. These activities rely on a tightly regulated transduction system that converts graded Hh input signals into specific levels of pathway activity. Uncontrolled activation of Hh signaling drives tumor initiation and maintenance. However, recent entry of pathway-specific inhibitors into the clinic reveals mixed patient responses and thus prompts further exploration of pathway activation and inhibition. In this review, we share emerging insights into regulated and oncogenic Hh signaling, supplemented with updates on the development and use of Hh pathway-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pak
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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20
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Conduit SE, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Watkins DN, Wainwright BJ, Taylor MD, Mitchell CA, Dyson JM. A compartmentalized phosphoinositide signaling axis at cilia is regulated by INPP5E to maintain cilia and promote Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma. Oncogene 2017. [PMID: 28650469 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling at primary cilia drives the proliferation and progression of a subset of medulloblastomas, the most common malignant paediatric brain tumor. Severe side effects associated with conventional treatments and resistance to targeted therapies has led to the need for new strategies. SHH signaling is dependent on primary cilia for signal transduction suggesting the potential for cilia destabilizing mechanisms as a therapeutic target. INPP5E is an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase that hydrolyses PtdIns(4,5)P2 and more potently, the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase product PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. INPP5E promotes SHH signaling during embryonic development via PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis at cilia, that in turn regulates the cilia recruitment of the SHH suppressor GPR161. However, the role INPP5E plays in cancer is unknown and the contribution of PI3-kinase signaling to cilia function is little characterized. Here, we reveal INPP5E promotes SHH signaling in SHH medulloblastoma by negatively regulating a cilia-compartmentalized PI3-kinase signaling axis that maintains primary cilia on tumor cells. Conditional deletion of Inpp5e in a murine model of constitutively active Smoothened-driven medulloblastoma slowed tumor progression, suppressed cell proliferation, reduced SHH signaling and promoted tumor cell cilia loss. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, its effector pAKT and the target pGSK3β, which when non-phosphorylated promotes cilia assembly/stability, localized to tumor cell cilia. The number of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/pAKT/pGSK3β-positive cilia was increased in cultured Inpp5e-null tumor cells relative to controls. PI3-kinase inhibition or expression of wild-type, but not catalytically inactive HA-INPP5E partially rescued cilia loss in Inpp5e-null tumor cells in vitro. INPP5E mRNA and copy number were reduced in human SHH medulloblastoma compared to other molecular subtypes and consistent with the murine model, reduced INPP5E was associated with improved overall survival. Therefore our study identifies a compartmentalized PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/AKT/GSK3β signaling axis at cilia in SHH-dependent medulloblastoma that is regulated by INPP5E to maintain tumor cell cilia, promote SHH signaling and thereby medulloblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Conduit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - V Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Remke
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D N Watkins
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B J Wainwright
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C A Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J M Dyson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Zhao HF, Wang J, Shao W, Wu CP, Chen ZP, To SST, Li WP. Recent advances in the use of PI3K inhibitors for glioblastoma multiforme: current preclinical and clinical development. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:100. [PMID: 28592260 PMCID: PMC5463420 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary tumor in the central nervous system. One of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs for GBM is temozolomide, which is a DNA-alkylating agent and its efficacy is dependent on MGMT methylation status. Little progress in improving the prognosis of GBM patients has been made in the past ten years, urging the development of more effective molecular targeted therapies. Hyper-activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is frequently found in a variety of cancers including GBM, and it plays a central role in the regulation of tumor cell survival, growth, motility, angiogenesis and metabolism. Numerous PI3K inhibitors including pan-PI3K, isoform-selective and dual PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have exhibited favorable preclinical results and entered clinical trials in a range of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Furthermore, combination of inhibitors targeting PI3K and other related pathways may exert synergism on suppressing tumor growth and improving patients' prognosis. Currently, only a handful of PI3K inhibitors are in phase I/II clinical trials for GBM treatment. In this review, we focus on the importance of PI3K/Akt pathway in GBM, and summarize the current development of PI3K inhibitors alone or in combination with other inhibitors for GBM treatment from preclinical to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-fu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035 China
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang-peng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035 China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Zhong-ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Shing-shun Tony To
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035 China
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22
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Dheeraj A, Rigby CM, O'Bryant CL, Agarwal C, Singh RP, Deep G, Agarwal R. Silibinin Treatment Inhibits the Growth of Hedgehog Inhibitor-Resistant Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Targeting EGFR-MAPK-Akt and Hedgehog Signaling. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:999-1007. [PMID: 28120452 DOI: 10.1111/php.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy. Deregulated hedgehog signaling plays a central role in BCC development; therefore, hedgehog inhibitors have been approved to treat locally advanced or metastatic BCC. However, the development of resistance to hedgehog inhibitors is the major challenge in effective treatment of this disease. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy of a natural agent silibinin to overcome resistance with hedgehog inhibitors (Sant-1 and GDC-0449) in BCC cells. Silibinin (25-100 μm) treatment for 48 h strongly inhibited growth and induced death in ASZ001, Sant-1-resistant (ASZ001-Sant-1) and GDC-0449-resistant (ASZ001-GDC-0449) BCC cells. Furthermore, colony-forming ability of ASZ001, ASZ001-Sant-1 and ASZ001-GDC-0449 cells was completely inhibited by silibinin treatment. Molecular analysis showed that silibinin treatment decreased the level of phosphorylated EGFR (Tyrosine 1173) and total EGFR in ASZ001-Sant-1 cells, key signaling molecules responsible for BCC resistance toward hedgehog inhibitors. Further, silibinin treatment decreased the phosphorylated Akt (Serine 473), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (Threonine 202/Tyrosine 204), cyclin D1 and Gli-1 level but increased the SUFU expression in ASZ001-Sant-1-resistant cells. Silibinin treatment of ASZ001-Sant-1-resistant cells also decreased bcl-2 but increased cleaved caspase 3 and PARP cleavage, suggesting induction of apoptosis. Together, these results support silibinin use to target hedgehog inhibitor-resistant BCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Dheeraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Cynthia M Rigby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Cindy L O'Bryant
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rana P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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23
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Ward SA, Warrington NM, Taylor S, Kfoury N, Luo J, Rubin JB. Reprogramming Medulloblastoma-Propagating Cells by a Combined Antagonism of Sonic Hedgehog and CXCR4. Cancer Res 2016; 77:1416-1426. [PMID: 28031228 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The CXCR4 chemokine and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) morphogen pathways are well-validated therapeutic targets in cancer, including medulloblastoma. However, single-agent treatments with SHH or CXCR4 antagonists have not proven efficacious in clinical trials to date. Here, we discovered that dual inhibition of the SHH and CXCR4 pathways in a murine model of SHH-subtype medulloblastoma exerts potent antitumor effects. This therapeutic synergy resulted in the suppression of tumor-propagating cell function and correlated with increased histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation within the promoters of stem cell genes, resulting in their decreased expression. These results demonstrate that CXCR4 contributes to the epigenetic regulation of a tumor-propagating cell phenotype. Moreover, they provide a mechanistic rationale to evaluate the combination of SHH and CXCR4 inhibitors in clinical trials for the treatment of medulloblastoma, as well as other cancers driven by SHH that coexpress high levels of CXCR4. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1416-26. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sara Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Najla Kfoury
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. .,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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24
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Shammassian B, Manjila S, Cox E, Onwuzulike K, Wang D, Rodgers M, Stearns D, Selman WR. Mature salivary gland rests within sonic hedgehog-positive medulloblastoma: case report and insights into the molecular genetics and embryopathology of ectopic intracranial salivary gland analogs. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016; 25:708-712. [PMID: 27635979 DOI: 10.3171/2016.6.peds15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial ectopic salivary gland rests within dural-based lesions are reported very infrequently in the literature. The authors report the unique case of a 12-year-old boy with a cerebellar medulloblastoma positive for sonic hedgehog (Shh) that contained intraaxial mature ectopic salivary gland rests. The patient underwent clinical and radiological monitoring postoperatively, until he died of disseminated disease. An autopsy showed no evidence of salivary glands within disseminated lesions. The intraaxial presence of salivary gland rests and concomitant Shh positivity of the described tumor point to a disorder in differentiation as opposed to ectopic developmental foci, which are uniformly dural based in the described literature. The authors demonstrate the characteristic "papilionaceous" appearance of the salivary glands with mucicarmine stain and highlight the role of Shh signaling in explaining the intraaxial presence of seromucous gland analogs. This article reports the first intraaxial posterior fossa tumor with heterotopic salivary gland rests, and it provides molecular and embryopathological insights into the development of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Manjila
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neurological Institute, and
| | - Efrem Cox
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neurological Institute, and
| | - Kaine Onwuzulike
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neurological Institute, and
| | - Dehua Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark Rodgers
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Duncan Stearns
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland; and
| | - Warren R Selman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neurological Institute, and
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25
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Zhu G, Rankin SL, Larson JD, Zhu X, Chow LML, Qu C, Zhang J, Ellison DW, Baker SJ. PTEN Signaling in the Postnatal Perivascular Progenitor Niche Drives Medulloblastoma Formation. Cancer Res 2016; 77:123-133. [PMID: 27815386 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN exerts diverse outcomes on cancer in different developmental contexts. To gain insight into the effect of its loss on outcomes in the brain, we conditionally inactivated the murine Pten gene in neonatal neural stem/progenitor cells. Pten inactivation created an abnormal perivascular proliferative niche in the cerebellum that persisted in adult animals but did not progress to malignancy. Proliferating cells showed undifferentiated morphology and expressed the progenitor marker Nestin but not Math1, a marker of committed granule neuron progenitors. Codeletion of Pten and Trp53 resulted in fully penetrant medulloblastoma originating from the perivascular niche, which exhibited abnormal blood vessel networks and advanced neuronal differentiation of tumor cells. EdU pulse-chase experiments demonstrated a perivascular cancer stem cell population in Pten/Trp53 double mutant medulloblastomas. Genetic analyses revealed recurrent somatic inactivations of the tumor suppressor gene Ptch1 and a recapitulation of the sonic hedgehog subgroup of human medulloblastomas. Overall, our results showed that PTEN acts to prevent the proliferation of a progenitor niche in postnatal cerebellum predisposed to oncogenic induction of medulloblastoma. Cancer Res; 77(1); 123-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sherri L Rankin
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jon D Larson
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Lionel M L Chow
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chunxu Qu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. .,Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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26
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Massimino M, Biassoni V, Gandola L, Garrè ML, Gatta G, Giangaspero F, Poggi G, Rutkowski S. Childhood medulloblastoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 105:35-51. [PMID: 27375228 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma accounts for 15-20% of childhood nervous system tumours. The risk of dying was reduced by 30% in the last twenty years. Patients are divided in risk strata according to post-surgical disease, dissemination, histology and some molecular features such as WNT subgroup and MYC status. Sixty to 70% of patients older than 3 years are assigned to the average-risk group. High-risk patients include those with disseminated and/or residual disease, large cell and/or anaplastic histotypes, MYC genes amplification. Current and currently planned clinical trials will: (1) evaluate the feasibility of reducing both the dose of craniospinal irradiation and the volume of the posterior fossa radiotherapy (RT) for those patients at low biologic risk, commonly identified as those having a medulloblastoma of the WNT subgroup; (2) determine whether intensification of chemotherapy (CT) or irradiation can improve outcome in patients with high-risk disease; (3) find target therapies allowing tailored therapies especially for relapsing patients and those with higher biological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Massimino
- Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy.
| | | | - Lorenza Gandola
- Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy.
| | | | - Gemma Gatta
- Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy.
| | | | | | - Stefan Rutkowski
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hamburg, Germany.
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27
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Pusapati RV, Daemen A, Wilson C, Sandoval W, Gao M, Haley B, Baudy AR, Hatzivassiliou G, Evangelista M, Settleman J. mTORC1-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming Underlies Escape from Glycolysis Addiction in Cancer Cells. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:548-562. [PMID: 27052953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although glycolysis is substantially elevated in many tumors, therapeutic targeting of glycolysis in cancer patients has not yet been successful, potentially reflecting the metabolic plasticity of tumor cells. In various cancer cells exposed to a continuous glycolytic block, we identified a recurrent reprogramming mechanism involving sustained mTORC1 signaling that underlies escape from glycolytic addiction. Active mTORC1 directs increased glucose flux via the pentose phosphate pathway back into glycolysis, thereby circumventing a glycolysis block and ensuring adequate ATP and biomass production. Combined inhibition of glycolysis and mTORC1 signaling disrupted metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells and inhibited their growth in vitro and in vivo. These findings reveal novel combinatorial therapeutic strategies to realize the potential benefit from targeting the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju V Pusapati
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anneleen Daemen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Catherine Wilson
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin Haley
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Andreas R Baudy
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Marie Evangelista
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Jeff Settleman
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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28
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Chan TSY, Hawkins C, Krieger JR, McGlade CJ, Huang A. JPO2/CDCA7L and LEDGF/p75 Are Novel Mediators of PI3K/AKT Signaling and Aggressive Phenotypes in Medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2802-12. [PMID: 27013196 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence links Myc-PI3K/AKT signaling to the most aggressive subtype of medulloblastoma and this axis in medulloblastoma therapy. In this study, we advance understanding of how Myc-PI3K/AKT signaling contributes to this malignancy, specifically, in identifying the Myc-interacting protein JPO2 and its partner binding protein LEDGF/p75 as critical modulators of PI3K/AKT signaling and metastasis in medulloblastoma. JPO2 overexpression induced metastatic medulloblastoma in vivo through two synergistic feed-forward regulatory circuits involving LEDGF/p75 and AKT that promote metastatic phenotypes in this setting. Overall, our findings highlight two novel prometastatic loci in medulloblastoma and point to the JPO2:LEDGF/p75 protein complex as a potentially new targetable component of PI3K/AKT signaling in medulloblastoma. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2802-12. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Sin Yu Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Krieger
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Jane McGlade
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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29
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Singh AR, Joshi S, Zulcic M, Alcaraz M, Garlich JR, Morales GA, Cho YJ, Bao L, Levy ML, Newbury R, Malicki D, Messer K, Crawford J, Durden DL. PI-3K Inhibitors Preferentially Target CD15+ Cancer Stem Cell Population in SHH Driven Medulloblastoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150836. [PMID: 26938241 PMCID: PMC4777592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma (MB) subtype is driven by a proliferative CD15+ tumor propagating cell (TPC), also considered in the literature as a putative cancer stem cell (CSC). Despite considerable research, much of the biology of this TPC remains unknown. We report evidence that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K) play a crucial role in the propagation, survival and potential response to therapy in this CD15+ CSC/TPC-driven malignant disease. Using the ND2-SmoA1 transgenic mouse model for MB, mouse genetics and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), we demonstrate that the CD15+TPCs are 1) obligately required for SmoA1Tg-driven tumorigenicity 2) regulated by PTEN and PI-3K signaling 3) selectively sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of pan PI-3K inhibitors in vitro and in vivo but resistant to chemotherapy 4) in the SmoA1Tg mouse model are genomically similar to the SHH human MB subgroup. The results provide the first evidence that PTEN plays a role in MB TPC signaling and biology and that PI-3K inhibitors target and suppress the survival and proliferation of cells within the mouse and human CD15+ cancer stem cell compartment. In contrast, CD15+ TPCs are resistant to cisplatinum, temozolomide and the SHH inhibitor, NVP-LDE-225, agents currently used in treatment of medulloblastoma. These studies validate the therapeutic efficacy of pan PI-3K inhibitors in the treatment of CD15+ TPC dependent medulloblastoma and suggest a sequential combination of PI-3K inhibitors and chemotherapy will have augmented efficacy in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok R. Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Shweta Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Muamera Zulcic
- Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael Alcaraz
- Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Yoon J. Cho
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Lei Bao
- Biostatistics Department, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSD Rady Children’s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert Newbury
- Department of Pathology, UCSD Rady Children’s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Denise Malicki
- Department of Pathology, UCSD Rady Children’s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Karen Messer
- Biostatistics Department, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - John Crawford
- Department of Neurosciences Division of Child Neurology, UCSD Rady Children’s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Donald L. Durden
- Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health System, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, UCSD Rady Children’s Hospital, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Asić K. Dominant mechanisms of primary resistance differ from dominant mechanisms of secondary resistance to targeted therapies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 97:178-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Upregulation of PTEN suppresses invasion in Tca8113 tongue cancer cells through repression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6681-9. [PMID: 26649861 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously discovered that the expression of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was downregulated in the majority patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PTEN overexpression in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the tongue squamous carcinoma cell line Tca8113 as well as explore the underlying mechanism. GV230 (containing the PTEN gene) and empty vectors were transfected into Tca8113 cells. After stable transfection, the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of PTEN were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot analysis. The growth and cell cycle were analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry, respectively. The invasion ability was measured with a transwell assay. The effects of PTEN overexpression on EMT and Hedgehog signaling were assessed by comparing Tca8113-PTEN cells with control and negative control cell groups. We found that PTEN expression was significantly upregulated after transfection. Meanwhile, upregulated PTEN inhibited the proliferation and invasion of Tca8113 cells. In addition, we observed changes in the EMT- and Hedgehog-associated proteins. These data demonstrated that PTEN upregulation could reduce invasion by inhibiting the process of EMT in Tca8113 cells, which might be related to the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
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Gopalakrishnan V, Tao RH, Dobson T, Brugmann W, Khatua S. Medulloblastoma development: tumor biology informs treatment decisions. CNS Oncol 2015; 4:79-89. [PMID: 25768332 DOI: 10.2217/cns.14.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Current treatments including surgery, craniospinal radiation and high-dose chemotherapy have led to improvement in survival. However, the risk for recurrence as well as significant long-term neurocognitive and endocrine sequelae associated with current treatment modalities underscore the urgent need for novel tumor-specific, normal brain-sparing therapies. It has also provided the impetus for research focused on providing a better understanding of medulloblastoma biology. The expectation is that such studies will lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets and eventually to an increase in personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lu Y, Li J, Cheng J, Lubahn DB. Genes targeted by the Hedgehog-signaling pathway can be regulated by Estrogen related receptor β. BMC Mol Biol 2015; 16:19. [PMID: 26597826 PMCID: PMC4657266 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-015-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear receptor family member, Estrogen related receptor β, and the Hedgehog signal transduction pathway are both reported to relate to tumorigenesis and induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. We hypothesize that Estrogen related receptor β can modulate the Hedgehog signaling pathway and affect Hedgehog driven downstream gene expression. RESULTS We established an estrogen related receptor β-expressing Hedgehog-responsive NIH3T3 cell line by Esrrb transfection, and performed mRNA profiling using RNA-Seq after Hedgehog ligand conditioned medium treatment. Esrrb expression altered 171 genes, while Hedgehog signaling activation alone altered 339 genes. Additionally, estrogen related receptor β expression in combination with Hedgehog signaling activation affects a group of 109 Hedgehog responsive mRNAs, including Hsd11b1, Ogn, Smoc2, Igf1, Pdcd4, Igfbp4, Stmn1, Hp, Hoxd8, Top2a, Tubb4b, Sfrp2, Saa3, Prl2c3 and Dpt. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Estrogen related receptor β is capable of interacting with Hh-signaling downstream targets. Our results suggest a new level of regulation of Hedgehog signaling by Estrogen related receptor β, and indicate modulation of Estrogen related receptor β can be a new strategy to regulate various functions driven by the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,MU Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| | - Jilong Li
- MU Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- MU Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,MU Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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The PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 displays promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy for targeted medulloblastoma therapy. Oncotarget 2015; 6:802-13. [PMID: 25596739 PMCID: PMC4359256 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling network is a hallmark of oncogenesis. Also medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children, is characterized by high levels of AKT phosphorylation and activated PI3K signalling in medulloblastoma is associated with enhanced cellular motility, survival and chemoresistency underscoring its role of as a potential therapeutic target. Here we demonstrate that GDC-0941, a highly specific PI3K inhibitor with good clinical tolerability and promising anti-neoplastic activity in adult cancer, also displays anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in pediatric human medulloblastoma cell lines. Loss in cell viability is accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of AKT, a downstream target of PI3K. Furthermore, we show that GDC-0941 attenuates the migratory capacity of medulloblastoma cells and targets subpopulations expressing the stem cell marker CD133. GDC-0941 also synergizes with the standard medulloblastoma chemotherapeutic etoposide. In an orthotopic xenograft model of the most aggressive human medulloblastoma variant we document that oral adminstration of GDC-0941 impairs tumor growth and significantly prolongs survival. These findings provide a rational to further investigate GDC-0941 alone and in combination with standard chemotherapeutics for medulloblastoma treatment.
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Bhatia S, Hirsch K, Baig NA, Rodriguez O, Timofeeva O, Kavanagh K, Lee YC, Wang XJ, Albanese C, Karam SD. Effects of altered ephrin-A5 and EphA4/EphA7 expression on tumor growth in a medulloblastoma mouse model. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:105. [PMID: 26345456 PMCID: PMC4561476 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the Eph/ephrin gene families act as key regulators of cerebellar development during embryogenesis. Aberrant signaling of Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands has also been implicated in human cancers. Medulloblastoma is an aggressive primitive neuroectodermal tumor that originates from granule neuron precursors in the cerebellum. Previous studies have suggested a role for the ephrin-A5 ligand and its receptors, EphA4 and EphA7, in granule cell-precursor formation and in guiding cell migration. In the present study, we investigated the effects of genetic loss of ephrin-A5, EphA4, and EphA7 on the spatiotemporal development of medulloblastoma tumors in the context of the smoothened transgenic mouse model system. Findings Radiographic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to monitor tumor growth in a genetically engineered mouse model of medulloblastoma. Tumor tissue was harvested to determine changes in the expression of phosphorylated Akt by Western blotting. This helped to establish a correlation between genotype and/or tumor size and survival. Our in vivo data establish that in ND2-SmoA1 transgenic mice, the homozygous deletion of ephrin-A5 resulted in a consistent pattern of tumor growth inhibition compared to their ephrin-A5 wild-type littermate controls, while the loss of EphA4/EphA7 failed to produce consistent effects versus EphA4/EphA7 wild-type mice. A positive correlation was evident between tumor size, p-Akt, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in our transgenic mouse model system, regardless of genotype. Conclusions Taken together, our findings underscore the importance of targeting specific members of the Eph/ephrin families in conjunction with the Akt pathway in order to inhibit medulloblastoma tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bhatia
- Present address: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Kellen Hirsch
- Present address: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Nimrah A Baig
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Olga Timofeeva
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Present address: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Yi Chien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Sana D Karam
- Present address: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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Robinson GW, Orr BA, Wu G, Gururangan S, Lin T, Qaddoumi I, Packer RJ, Goldman S, Prados MD, Desjardins A, Chintagumpala M, Takebe N, Kaste SC, Rusch M, Allen SJ, Onar-Thomas A, Stewart CF, Fouladi M, Boyett JM, Gilbertson RJ, Curran T, Ellison DW, Gajjar A. Vismodegib Exerts Targeted Efficacy Against Recurrent Sonic Hedgehog-Subgroup Medulloblastoma: Results From Phase II Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Studies PBTC-025B and PBTC-032. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2646-54. [PMID: 26169613 PMCID: PMC4534527 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.60.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Two phase II studies assessed the efficacy of vismodegib, a sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway inhibitor that binds smoothened (SMO), in pediatric and adult recurrent medulloblastoma (MB). PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients enrolled onto PBTC-025B and pediatric patients enrolled onto PBTC-032 were treated with vismodegib (150 to 300 mg/d). Protocol-defined response, which had to be sustained for 8 weeks, was confirmed by central neuroimaging review. Molecular tests to identify patterns of response and insensitivity were performed when tissue was available. RESULTS A total of 31 patients were enrolled onto PBTC-025B, and 12 were enrolled onto PBTC-032. Three patients in PBTC-025B and one in PBTC-032, all with SHH-subgroup MB (SHH-MB), exhibited protocol-defined responses. Progression-free survival (PFS) was longer in those with SHH-MB than in those with non-SHH-MB, and prolonged disease stabilization occurred in 41% of patient cases of SHH-MB. Among those with SHH-MB, loss of heterozygosity of PTCH1 was associated with prolonged PFS, and diffuse staining of P53 was associated with reduced PFS. Whole-exome sequencing identified mutations in SHH genes downstream from SMO in four of four tissue samples from nonresponders and upstream of SMO in two of four patients with favorable responses. CONCLUSION Vismodegib exhibits activity against adult recurrent SHH-MB but not against recurrent non-SHH-MB. Inadequate accrual of pediatric patients precluded conclusions in this population. Molecular analyses support the hypothesis that SMO inhibitor activity depends on the genomic aberrations within the tumor. Such inhibitors should be advanced in SHH-MB studies; however, molecular and genomic work remains imperative to identify target populations that will truly benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles W Robinson
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Brent A Orr
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gang Wu
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sridharan Gururangan
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tong Lin
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ibrahim Qaddoumi
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roger J Packer
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stewart Goldman
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael D Prados
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Annick Desjardins
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Murali Chintagumpala
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sue C Kaste
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Rusch
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sariah J Allen
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Arzu Onar-Thomas
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James M Boyett
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tom Curran
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David W Ellison
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Giles W. Robinson, Brent A. Orr, Gang Wu, Tong Lin, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sue C. Kaste, Michael Rusch, Sariah J. Allen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Boyett, Richard J. Gilbertson, David W. Ellison, and Amar Gajjar, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Sridharan Gururangan and Annick Desjardins, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Roger J. Packer, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Stewart Goldman, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Michael D. Prados, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Murali Chintagumpala, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Naoko Takebe, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Maryam Fouladi, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH; and Tom Curran, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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38
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Not so Fast: Co-Requirements for Sonic Hedgehog Induced Brain Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1484-98. [PMID: 26258793 PMCID: PMC4586781 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway plays an integral role in cellular proliferation during normal brain development and also drives growth in a variety of cancers including brain cancer. Clinical trials of Shh pathway inhibitors for brain tumors have yielded disappointing results, indicating a more nuanced role for Shh signaling. We postulate that Shh signaling does not work alone but requires co-activation of other signaling pathways for tumorigenesis and stem cell maintenance. This review will focus on the interplay between the Shh pathway and these pathways to promote tumor growth in brain tumors, presenting opportunities for the study of combinatorial therapies.
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Frangione ML, Lockhart JH, Morton DT, Pava LM, Blanck G. Anticipating designer drug-resistant cancer cells. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:790-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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40
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Sharpe HJ, Pau G, Dijkgraaf GJ, Basset-Seguin N, Modrusan Z, Januario T, Tsui V, Durham AB, Dlugosz AA, Haverty PM, Bourgon R, Tang JY, Sarin KY, Dirix L, Fisher DC, Rudin CM, Sofen H, Migden MR, Yauch RL, de Sauvage FJ. Genomic analysis of smoothened inhibitor resistance in basal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:327-41. [PMID: 25759019 PMCID: PMC5675004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors are under clinical investigation for the treatment of several cancers. Vismodegib is approved for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Most BCC patients experience significant clinical benefit on vismodegib, but some develop resistance. Genomic analysis of tumor biopsies revealed that vismodegib resistance is associated with Hedgehog (Hh) pathway reactivation, predominantly through mutation of the drug target SMO and to a lesser extent through concurrent copy number changes in SUFU and GLI2. SMO mutations either directly impaired drug binding or activated SMO to varying levels. Furthermore, we found evidence for intra-tumor heterogeneity, suggesting that a combination of therapies targeting components at multiple levels of the Hh pathway is required to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley J Sharpe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gregoire Pau
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gerrit J Dijkgraaf
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Thomas Januario
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alison B Durham
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrzej A Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter M Haverty
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Richard Bourgon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Luc Dirix
- Sint-Augustinus Cancer Center, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | | | - Charles M Rudin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Howard Sofen
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Robert L Yauch
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Frederic J de Sauvage
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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41
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Atwood SX, Sarin KY, Whitson RJ, Li JR, Kim G, Rezaee M, Ally MS, Kim J, Yao C, Chang ALS, Oro AE, Tang JY. Smoothened variants explain the majority of drug resistance in basal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:342-53. [PMID: 25759020 PMCID: PMC4357167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) frequently acquire resistance to Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors through unknown mechanisms. Here we identify SMO mutations in 50% (22 of 44) of resistant BCCs and show that these mutations maintain Hedgehog signaling in the presence of SMO inhibitors. Alterations include four ligand binding pocket mutations defining sites of inhibitor binding and four variants conferring constitutive activity and inhibitor resistance, illuminating pivotal residues that ensure receptor autoinhibition. In the presence of a SMO inhibitor, tumor cells containing either class of SMO mutants effectively outcompete cells containing the wild-type SMO. Finally, we show that both classes of SMO variants respond to aPKC-ι/λ or GLI2 inhibitors that operate downstream of SMO, setting the stage for the clinical use of GLI antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott X Atwood
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ramon J Whitson
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jiang R Li
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Geurim Kim
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Melika Rezaee
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mina S Ally
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jinah Kim
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine Yao
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne Lynn S Chang
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anthony E Oro
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Basset-Seguin N, Sharpe HJ, de Sauvage FJ. Efficacy of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors in Basal cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:633-41. [PMID: 25585509 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. While most BCCs are amenable to surgery, some tumors can reach a more advanced stage or metastasize, and become ineligible for surgical resection or radiotherapy. Abnormal activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a key driver in BCC pathophysiology. Consequently, inhibitors of the Hh pathway have been developed. Molecules that inhibit the receptor protein Smoothened (SMO) are the most advanced in clinical development. Vismodegib is the first-in-class SMO inhibitor and has been approved in a number of countries for the treatment of metastatic or locally advanced BCC. Several molecules have demonstrated antitumoral activity, but treatment may be limited in duration by a number of side effects, and it is not yet established whether these agents are truly curative or whether continued treatment will be required. Resistance to SMO inhibition has been reported in the clinic for which incidence and mechanisms must be elucidated to inform future therapeutic strategies. Intermittent dosing regimens to improve tolerability, as well as neoadjuvant use of Hh pathway inhibitors, are currently under investigation. Here, we review the most recent outcomes obtained with Hh inhibitors under clinical investigation in BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Basset-Seguin
- Paris 7 Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France. Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Hayley J Sharpe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
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43
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Aberger F, Ruiz i Altaba A. Context-dependent signal integration by the GLI code: the oncogenic load, pathways, modifiers and implications for cancer therapy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 33:93-104. [PMID: 24852887 PMCID: PMC4151135 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Canonical Hedgehog (HH) signaling leads to the regulation of the GLI code: the sum of all positive and negative functions of all GLI proteins. In humans, the three GLI factors encode context-dependent activities with GLI1 being mostly an activator and GLI3 often a repressor. Modulation of GLI activity occurs at multiple levels, including by co-factors and by direct modification of GLI structure. Surprisingly, the GLI proteins, and thus the GLI code, is also regulated by multiple inputs beyond HH signaling. In normal development and homeostasis these include a multitude of signaling pathways that regulate proto-oncogenes, which boost positive GLI function, as well as tumor suppressors, which restrict positive GLI activity. In cancer, the acquisition of oncogenic mutations and the loss of tumor suppressors - the oncogenic load - regulates the GLI code toward progressively more activating states. The fine and reversible balance of GLI activating GLI(A) and GLI repressing GLI(R) states is lost in cancer. Here, the acquisition of GLI(A) levels above a given threshold is predicted to lead to advanced malignant stages. In this review we highlight the concepts of the GLI code, the oncogenic load, the context-dependency of GLI action, and different modes of signaling integration such as that of HH and EGF. Targeting the GLI code directly or indirectly promises therapeutic benefits beyond the direct blockade of individual pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Aberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Ariel Ruiz i Altaba
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 8242 CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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HU YONG, XU SHENGLIN, JIN WENSEN, YI QIYI, WEI WEI. Effect of the PTEN gene on adhesion, invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1741-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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45
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Kool M, Jones DTW, Jäger N, Northcott PA, Pugh TJ, Hovestadt V, Piro RM, Esparza LA, Markant SL, Remke M, Milde T, Bourdeaut F, Ryzhova M, Sturm D, Pfaff E, Stark S, Hutter S, Seker-Cin H, Johann P, Bender S, Schmidt C, Rausch T, Shih D, Reimand J, Sieber L, Wittmann A, Linke L, Witt H, Weber UD, Zapatka M, König R, Beroukhim R, Bergthold G, van Sluis P, Volckmann R, Koster J, Versteeg R, Schmidt S, Wolf S, Lawerenz C, Bartholomae CC, von Kalle C, Unterberg A, Herold-Mende C, Hofer S, Kulozik AE, von Deimling A, Scheurlen W, Felsberg J, Reifenberger G, Hasselblatt M, Crawford JR, Grant GA, Jabado N, Perry A, Cowdrey C, Croul S, Zadeh G, Korbel JO, Doz F, Delattre O, Bader GD, McCabe MG, Collins VP, Kieran MW, Cho YJ, Pomeroy SL, Witt O, Brors B, Taylor MD, Schüller U, Korshunov A, Eils R, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Lichter P, Pfister SM. Genome sequencing of SHH medulloblastoma predicts genotype-related response to smoothened inhibition. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:393-405. [PMID: 24651015 PMCID: PMC4493053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors recently entered clinical trials for sonic-hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma (SHH-MB). Clinical response is highly variable. To understand the mechanism(s) of primary resistance and identify pathways cooperating with aberrant SHH signaling, we sequenced and profiled a large cohort of SHH-MBs (n = 133). SHH pathway mutations involved PTCH1 (across all age groups), SUFU (infants, including germline), and SMO (adults). Children >3 years old harbored an excess of downstream MYCN and GLI2 amplifications and frequent TP53 mutations, often in the germline, all of which were rare in infants and adults. Functional assays in different SHH-MB xenograft models demonstrated that SHH-MBs harboring a PTCH1 mutation were responsive to SMO inhibition, whereas tumors harboring an SUFU mutation or MYCN amplification were primarily resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - David T W Jones
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Jäger
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Volker Hovestadt
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rosario M Piro
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Marc Remke
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Till Milde
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie/INSERM U830, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Marina Ryzhova
- Department of Neuropathology, NN Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Pfaff
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stark
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Hutter
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Huriye Seker-Cin
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Johann
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bender
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christin Schmidt
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Rausch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Shih
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Laura Sieber
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wittmann
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linda Linke
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Witt
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula D Weber
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guillaume Bergthold
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; UMR 8203, CNRS Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Peter van Sluis
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Volckmann
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Schmidt
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Wolf
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chris Lawerenz
- Data Management Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cynthia C Bartholomae
- Division of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof von Kalle
- Division of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Division of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Hofer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Scheurlen
- Cnopf'sche Kinderklinik, Nürnberg Children's Hospital, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Felsberg
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - John R Crawford
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Gerald A Grant
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC H3H 1P3, Canada
| | - Arie Perry
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cynthia Cowdrey
- Departments of Pathology and Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sydney Croul
- Department of Neuropathology, The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Department of Neuropathology, The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jan O Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francois Doz
- Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie/INSERM U830, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Martin G McCabe
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - V Peter Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Pediatric Medical Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott L Pomeroy
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olaf Witt
- CCU Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Brechbiel J, Miller-Moslin K, Adjei AA. Crosstalk between hedgehog and other signaling pathways as a basis for combination therapies in cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:750-9. [PMID: 24613036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway is aberrantly activated in a number of tumors. In medulloblastoma, basal cell carcinoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, mutations in Hh pathway genes lead to ligand-independent pathway activation. In many other tumor types, ligand-dependent activation of Hh signaling is potentiated through crosstalk with other critical molecular signaling pathways. Among such pathways, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, EGFR, and Notch are of particular interest because agents that selectively inhibit these pathways are available and can be readily combined with agents such as vismodegib, sonidegib (LDE225), and BMS-833923, which target smoothened-a key Hh pathway regulator. Numerous preclinical studies have revealed the ways in which Hh intersects with each of these pathways, and combination therapies have resulted in improved antitumor efficacy and survival in animal models. Hh also plays an important role in hematopoiesis and in the maintenance of BCR-ABL-driven leukemic stem cells. Thus, combined inhibition of the Hh pathway and BCR-ABL has emerged as a promising potential therapeutic strategy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A number of clinical trials evaluating combinations of Hh inhibitors with other targeted agents are now underway in CML and a variety of solid tumors. This review highlights these trials and summarizes preclinical evidence of crosstalk between Hh and four other actionable pathways-RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, EGFR, and Notch-as well as the role of Hh in the maintenance of BCR-ABL-driven leukemic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Brechbiel
- Articulate Science, 300 American Metro Boulevard, Suite 132, Hamilton, NJ 08619, USA.
| | - Karen Miller-Moslin
- Articulate Science, 300 American Metro Boulevard, Suite 132, Hamilton, NJ 08619, USA.
| | - Alex A Adjei
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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