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Giammona A, De Vellis C, Crivaro E, Maresca L, Amoriello R, Ricci F, Anichini G, Pietrobono S, Pease DR, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Ballerini C, Stecca B. Tumor-derived GLI1 promotes remodeling of the immune tumor microenvironment in melanoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:214. [PMID: 39090759 PMCID: PMC11295348 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma progression is based on a close interaction between cancer cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling TME dynamics and composition will help improve the management of this dismal disease. Work from our and other groups has reported the requirement of an active Hedgehog-GLI (HH-GLI) signaling for melanoma growth and stemness. However, the role of the downstream GLI1 transcription factor in melanoma TME remains largely unexplored. METHODS The immune-modulatory activity of GLI1 was evaluated in a syngeneic B16F10 melanoma mouse model assessing immune populations by flow cytometry. Murine polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) were differentiated from bone marrow cells and their immunosuppressive ability was assessed by inhibition of T cells. Conditioned media (CM) from GLI1-overexpressing mouse melanoma cells was used to culture PMN-MDSCs, and the effects of CM were evaluated by Transwell invasion assay and T cell inhibition. Cytokine array analysis, qPCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to explore the regulation of CX3CL1 expression by GLI1. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were cultured in CM from GLI1-silenced patient-derived melanoma cells to assess their activation and recruitment. Blocking antibodies anti-CX3CL1, anti-CCL7 and anti-CXCL8 were used for in vitro functional assays. RESULTS Melanoma cell-intrinsic activation of GLI1 promotes changes in the infiltration of immune cells, leading to accumulation of immunosuppressive PMN-MDSCs and regulatory T cells, and to decreased infiltration of dendric cells (DCs), CD8 + and CD4 + T cells in the TME. In addition, we show that ectopic expression of GLI1 in melanoma cells enables PMN-MDSC expansion and recruitment, and increases their ability to inhibit T cells. The chemokine CX3CL1, a direct transcriptional target of GLI1, contributes to PMN-MDSC expansion and recruitment. Finally, silencing of GLI1 in patient-derived melanoma cells promotes the activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), increasing cytoskeleton remodeling and invasion ability. This phenotype is partially prevented by blocking the chemokine CCL7, but not CXCL8. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the relevance of tumor-derived GLI1 in promoting an immune-suppressive TME, which allows melanoma cells to evade the immune system, and pave the way for the design of new combination treatments targeting GLI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giammona
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara De Vellis
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrica Crivaro
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Maresca
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Amoriello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Anichini
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobono
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - David R Pease
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Clara Ballerini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Ryan AT, Kim M, Lim K. Immune Cell Migration to Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:844. [PMID: 38786066 PMCID: PMC11120175 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell migration is required for the development of an effective and robust immune response. This elegant process is regulated by both cellular and environmental factors, with variables such as immune cell state, anatomical location, and disease state that govern differences in migration patterns. In all cases, a major factor is the expression of cell surface receptors and their cognate ligands. Rapid adaptation to environmental conditions partly depends on intrinsic cellular immune factors that affect a cell's ability to adjust to new environment. In this review, we discuss both myeloid and lymphoid cells and outline key determinants that govern immune cell migration, including molecules required for immune cell adhesion, modes of migration, chemotaxis, and specific chemokine signaling. Furthermore, we summarize tumor-specific elements that contribute to immune cell trafficking to cancer, while also exploring microenvironment factors that can alter these cellular dynamics within the tumor in both a pro and antitumor fashion. Specifically, we highlight the importance of the secretome in these later aspects. This review considers a myriad of factors that impact immune cell trajectory in cancer. We aim to highlight the immunotherapeutic targets that can be harnessed to achieve controlled immune trafficking to and within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison T. Ryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kihong Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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3
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Ding G, Yu H, Jin J, Qiao X, Ma J, Zhang T, Cheng X. Reciprocal relationship between cancer stem cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells: implications for tumor progression and therapeutic strategies. Future Oncol 2024; 20:215-228. [PMID: 38390682 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increased focus on cancer stem cells (CSCs) due to their resilience, making them difficult to eradicate. This resilience often leads to tumor recurrence and metastasis. CSCs adeptly manipulate their surroundings to create an environment conducive to their survival. In this environment, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a crucial role in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and bolstering CSCs' stemness. In response, CSCs attract MDSCs, enhancing their infiltration, expansion and immunosuppressive capabilities. This interaction between CSCs and MDSCs increases the difficulty of antitumor therapy. In this paper, we discuss the interplay between CSCs and MDSCs based on current research and highlight recent therapeutic strategies targeting either CSCs or MDSCs that show promise in achieving effective antitumor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqing Ding
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jason Jin
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jinyun Ma
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
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4
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Santos LM, Cardoso PES, Diniz EA, Rahhal JG, Sipert CR. Different concentrations of fetal bovine serum affect cytokine modulation in Lipopolysaccharide-activated apical papilla cells in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230020. [PMID: 37493700 PMCID: PMC10382075 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most used supplement in culture media; however, it may interfere with in vitro assays via effects on cell proliferation and cytokine production. The ideal FBS concentration for assays using apical papilla cells (APCs) remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of FBS on APC activation, cell viability/proliferation, and cytokine production. METHODOLOGY Human APCs were cultured, plated, and maintained in media containing increasing concentrations of FBS for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 days, and 14 days in the presence of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS - 1 µg/mL). At each time point, the cells were subjected to the MTT assay. The cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and interleukin (IL)-6, along with the chemokine CCL2, were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the 24-h time-point. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (p<0.05). RESULTS In general, APCs exhibited increasing metabolic activity in an FBS concentration-dependent fashion, regardless of the presence of LPS. In contrast, FBS interfered with the production of all the cytokines evaluated in this study, affecting the response induced by the presence of LPS. CONCLUSION FBS increased APC metabolism in a concentration-dependent manner and differentially affected the production of TGF-β1, OPG, IL-6, and CCL2 by APCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Martins Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Patricia E Silva Cardoso
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Elisa Abreu Diniz
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana Garuba Rahhal
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Carla Renata Sipert
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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5
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He Y, Gong F, Jin T, Liu Q, Fang H, Chen Y, Wang G, Chu PK, Wu Z, Ostrikov K(K. Dose-Dependent Effects in Plasma Oncotherapy: Critical In Vivo Immune Responses Missed by In Vitro Studies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:707. [PMID: 37189453 PMCID: PMC10136314 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) generates abundant reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) which can induce apoptosis, necrosis, and other biological responses in tumor cells. However, the frequently observed different biological responses to in vitro and in vivo CAP treatments remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal and explain plasma-generated ROS/RNS doses and immune system-related responses in a focused case study of the interactions of CAP with colon cancer cells in vitro and with the corresponding tumor in vivo. Plasma controls the biological activities of MC38 murine colon cancer cells and the involved tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In vitro CAP treatment causes necrosis and apoptosis in MC38 cells, which is dependent on the generated doses of intracellular and extracellular ROS/RNS. However, in vivo CAP treatment for 14 days decreases the proportion and number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells while increasing PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in the tumors and the TILs, which promotes tumor growth in the studied C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, the ROS/RNS levels in the tumor interstitial fluid of the CAP-treated mice are significantly lower than those in the MC38 cell culture supernatant. The results indicate that low doses of ROS/RNS derived from in vivo CAP treatment may activate the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in the tumor microenvironment and lead to the undesired tumor immune escape. Collectively, these results suggest the crucial role of the effect of doses of plasma-generated ROS and RNS, which are generally different in in vitro and in vivo treatments, and also suggest that appropriate dose adjustments are required upon translation to real-world plasma oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Fanwu Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tao Jin
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haopeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Plasma Application Technology, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guomin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Joint Laboratory of Plasma Application Technology, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and QUT Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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6
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Gu D, Soepriatna AH, Zhang W, Li J, Zhao J, Zhang X, Shu X, Wang Y, Landis BJ, Goergen CJ, Xie J. Activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway leads to fibrosis in aortic valves. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:43. [PMID: 36864465 PMCID: PMC9983197 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis is a pathological wound healing process characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, which interferes with normal organ function and contributes to ~ 45% of human mortality. Fibrosis develops in response to chronic injury in nearly all organs, but the a cascade of events leading to fibrosis remains unclear. While hedgehog (Hh) signaling activation has been associated with fibrosis in the lung, kidney, and skin, it is unknown whether hedgehog signaling activation is the cause or the consequence of fibrosis. We hypothesize that activation of hedgehog signaling is sufficient to drive fibrosis in mouse models. RESULTS In this study, we provide direct evidence to show that activation of Hh signaling via expression of activated smoothened, SmoM2, is sufficient to induce fibrosis in the vasculature and aortic valves. We showed that activated SmoM2 -induced fibrosis is associated with abnormal function of aortic valves and heart. The relevance of this mouse model to human health is reflected in our findings that elevated GLI expression is detected in 6 out of 11 aortic valves from patients with fibrotic aortic valves. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that activating hedgehog signaling is sufficient to drive fibrosis in mice, and this mouse model is relevant to human aortic valve stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Gu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1040 W. Walnut Street., Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Arvin H. Soepriatna
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Purdue University Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA ,grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1040 W. Walnut Street., Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Jun Li
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jenny Zhao
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1040 W. Walnut Street., Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1040 W. Walnut Street., Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Xianhong Shu
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yongshi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Benjamin J. Landis
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1040 W. Walnut Street., Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Craig J. Goergen
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Purdue University Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1040 W. Walnut Street., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Basic and Translational Cancer Review Branch (BTC), Division of Basic and Integrative Biological Sciences (DBIB), Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Emerging Roles of Hedgehog Signaling in Cancer Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021321. [PMID: 36674836 PMCID: PMC9864846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog-GLI (HH) signaling plays an essential role in embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant activation of the pathway through mutations or other mechanisms is involved in the development and progression of numerous types of cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, melanoma, breast, prostate, hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinomas. Activation of HH signaling sustains proliferation, suppresses cell death signals, enhances invasion and metastasis, deregulates cellular metabolism and promotes angiogenesis and tumor inflammation. Targeted inhibition of the HH pathway has therefore emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. Currently, the Smoothened (SMO) receptor and the downstream GLI transcriptional factors have been investigated for the development of targeted drugs. Recent studies have revealed that the HH signaling is also involved in tumor immune evasion and poor responses to cancer immunotherapy. Here we focus on the effects of HH signaling on the major cellular components of the adaptive and innate immune systems, and we present recent discoveries elucidating how the immunosuppressive function of the HH pathway is engaged by cancer cells to prevent immune surveillance. In addition, we discuss the future prospect of therapeutic options combining the HH pathway and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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8
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Jaiswal A, Singh R. Homeostases of epidermis and hair follicle, and development of basal cell carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188795. [PMID: 36089203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling (Hh) plays a critical role in embryogenesis. On the other hand, its overactivity may cause basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common human cancer. Further, epidermal and hair follicle homeostases may have a key role in the development of BCC. This article describes the importance of different signaling pathways in the different stages of the two processes. The description of the homeostases brought up the importance of the Notch signaling along with the sonic hedgehog (Shh) and the Wnt pathways. Loss of the Notch signaling adversely affects the late stages of hair follicle formation and allows the bulge cells in the hair follicles to take the fate of the keratinocytes in the interfollicular epidermis. Further, the loss of Notch activity upregulates the Shh and Wnt activities, adversely affecting the homeostases. Notably, the Notch signaling is suppressed in BCC, and the peripheral BCC cells, which have low Notch activity, show drug resistance in comparison to the interior suprabasal BCC cells, which have high Notch activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Raghvendra Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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9
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Chan MKK, Chung JYF, Tang PCT, Chan ASW, Ho JYY, Lin TPT, Chen J, Leung KT, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. TGF-β signaling networks in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2022; 550:215925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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van Geffen C, Heiss C, Deißler A, Kolahian S. Pharmacological modulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to dampen inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933847. [PMID: 36110844 PMCID: PMC9468781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population with potent suppressive and regulative properties. MDSCs’ strong immunosuppressive potential creates new possibilities to treat chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases or induce tolerance towards transplantation. Here, we summarize and critically discuss different pharmacological approaches which modulate the generation, activation, and recruitment of MDSCs in vitro and in vivo, and their potential role in future immunosuppressive therapy.
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11
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Gambini D, Passoni E, Nazzaro G, Beltramini G, Tomasello G, Ghidini M, Kuhn E, Garrone O. Basal Cell Carcinoma and Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors: Focus on Immune Response. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:893063. [PMID: 35775005 PMCID: PMC9237470 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.893063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer, affecting more often elderly patients, but sometimes even younger ones, particularly if immunocompromised or genetically predisposed. Specifically, the Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, an autosomal dominant genodermatosis, also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, characterizes for multiple early onset BCCs. It is caused by a germline mutation in PTCH1, a tumor suppressor gene whose product is the key component of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which also appears somatically mutated in more than 85% of sporadic BCCs. Hh pathway inhibitors vismodegib and sonidegib are currently indicated for BCC, in adults with advanced or recurred tumor following surgery or radiation therapy. The principal mechanism of action of these drugs is the inhibition of Smoothened (SMO), a transmembrane protein involved in Hh signal transduction, that plays a role in both cellular differentiation and cancer development. Some studies have reported effects of Hh pathway inhibitors at different levels of the immune response, from cytotoxic T cells to a modified local cytokines pattern. Given the specific relation between immune system and BCC development in some conditions, we will review BCC with focus on immune system changes mediated by Hh signaling pathway and induced by the inhibitors vismodegib and sonidegib in the treatment of BCC. Thus, we will give an overview of their effects on the local immune response, as well as a brief note on the supposed function of Hh pathway inhibition on the systemic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Gambini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Donatella Gambini
| | - Emanuela Passoni
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Nazzaro
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Beltramini
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tomasello
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Kuhn
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Elisabetta Kuhn
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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12
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Jiang J, Ding Y, Chen Y, Lu J, Chen Y, Wu G, Xu N, Wang H, Teng L. Pan-cancer analyses reveal that increased Hedgehog activity correlates with tumor immunosuppression and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Med 2021; 11:847-863. [PMID: 34841742 PMCID: PMC8817099 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown numerous clinical benefits in multiple cancer types, but good predictive biomarkers are severely lacking. Although increasing evidence has linked Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway with tumor development, a systematic investigation for its potential as a biomarker remains elusive. Methods We collected and analyzed the transcriptional data and clinical outcomes of diverse cancers from the Cancer Genome Atlas and four published ICI datasets. Hh activity was estimated by conducting a single‐sample gene‐set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) for the Hh‐related genes and calculating the ssGSEA score in each tumor sample. Results Our findings suggest that tumors with high Hh activity displayed multiple immunosuppressive characteristics, including lack of anti‐tumor response pathways, downregulation of immune effectors, enrichment of immunosuppressive cells and chemokines, and activation of immunosuppressive signaling. Notably, patients in the non‐response group had enriched Hh activity and showed worse overall survival (OS; pooled HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02–2.21, p = 0.039). In the subgroup of high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, patients who harbored high Hh activity displayed a dramatically lower response rate to ICIs and a strikingly worse OS (pooled HR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.53–5.49, p < 0.001). Conclusion Increased Hh activity correlates with tumor immunosuppression across diverse cancers. Hh activity is not only a predictive biomarker for resistance to ICIs but can also better predict clinical outcomes in combination with PD‐L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghao Wu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nong Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Chung JYF, Chan MKK, Tang PCT, Chan ASW, Chung JSY, Meng XM, To KF, Lan HY, Leung KT, Tang PMK. AANG: A natural compound formula for overcoming multidrug resistance via synergistic rebalancing the TGF-β/Smad signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9805-9813. [PMID: 34514726 PMCID: PMC8505848 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are high in heterogeneity and versatility, which can easily adapt to the external stresses via both primary and secondary resistance. Targeting of tumour microenvironment (TME) is a new approach and an ideal therapeutic strategy especially for the multidrug resistant cancer. Recently, we invented AANG, a natural compound formula containing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) derived Smad3 inhibitor Naringenin (NG) and Smad7 activator Asiatic Acid (AA), for rebalancing TGF‐β/Smad signalling in the TME, and its implication on the multidrug resistance is still unexplored. Here, we observed that an equilibrium shift of the Smad signalling in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which was dramatically enhanced in the recurrent cases showing p‐glycoprotein overexpression. We optimized the formula ratio and dosage of AANG that effectively inhibit the proliferation of our unique human multidrug resistant subclone R‐HepG2. Mechanistically, we found that AANG not only inhibits Smad3 at post‐transcriptional level, but also upregulates Smad7 at transcriptional level in a synergistic manner in vitro. More importantly, AANG markedly suppressed the growth and p‐glycoprotein expression of R‐HepG2 xenografts in vivo. Thus, AANG may represent a novel and safe TCM‐derived natural compound formula for overcoming HCC with p‐glycoprotein‐mediated multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Yat-Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Justin Shing-Yin Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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14
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Can the New and Old Drugs Exert an Immunomodulatory Effect in Acute Myeloid Leukemia? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164121. [PMID: 34439275 PMCID: PMC8393879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The advent of novel immunotherapeutic strategies has revealed the importance of immune dysregulation and of a tolerogenic microenvironment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) fitness. We reviewed the “off-target” effects on the immune system of different drugs used in the treatment of AML to explore the advantages of this unexpected interaction. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is considered an immune-suppressive neoplasm capable of evading immune surveillance through cellular and environmental players. Increasing knowledge of the immune system (IS) status at diagnosis seems to suggest ever more attention of the crosstalk between the leukemic clone and its immunologic counterpart. During the last years, the advent of novel immunotherapeutic strategies has revealed the importance of immune dysregulation and suppression for leukemia fitness. Considering all these premises, we reviewed the “off-target” effects on the IS of different drugs used in the treatment of AML, focusing on the main advantages of this interaction. The data reported support the idea that a successful therapeutic strategy should consider tailored approaches for performing leukemia eradication by both direct blasts killing and the engagement of the IS.
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15
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Wan J, Dai H, Zhang X, Liu S, Lin Y, Somani AK, Xie J, Han J. Distinct transcriptomic landscapes of cutaneous basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Genes Dis 2021; 8:181-192. [PMID: 33997165 PMCID: PMC8099692 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which are also called keratinocyte carcinomas, as both of them originate from keratinocytes. The incidence of keratinocyte carcinomas is over 5 million per year in the US, three-fold higher than the total incidence of all other types of cancer combined. While there are several reports on gene expression profiling of BCC and SCC, there are significant variations in the reported gene expression changes in different studies. One reason is that tumor-adjacent normal skin specimens were not included in many studies as matched controls. Furthermore, while numerous studies of skin stem cells in mouse models have been reported, their relevance to human skin cancer remains unknown. In this report, we analyzed gene expression profiles of paired specimens of keratinocyte carcinomas with their matched normal skin tissues as the control. Among several novel findings, we discovered a significant number of zinc finger encoding genes up-regulated in human BCC. In BCC, a novel link was found between hedgehog signaling, Wnt signaling, and the cilium. While the SCC cancer-stem-cell gene signature is shared between human and mouse SCCs, the hair follicle stem-cell signature of mice was not highly represented in human SCC. Differential gene expression (DEG) in human BCC shares gene signature with both bulge and epidermal stem cells. We have also determined that human BCCs and SCCs have distinct gene expression patterns, and some of them are not fully reflected in current mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University – Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hongji Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ally-Khan Somani
- Dermatologic Surgery & Cutaneous Oncology Division, Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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16
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Zhang MY, Fang S, Gao H, Zhang X, Gu D, Liu Y, Wan J, Xie J. A critical role of AREG for bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:40. [PMID: 33622407 PMCID: PMC7903615 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report our discovery of an important player in the development of skin fibrosis, a hallmark of scleroderma. Scleroderma is a fibrotic disease, affecting 70,000 to 150,000 Americans. Fibrosis is a pathological wound healing process that produces an excessive extracellular matrix to interfere with normal organ function. Fibrosis contributes to nearly half of human mortality. Scleroderma has heterogeneous phenotypes, unpredictable outcomes, no validated biomarkers, and no effective treatment. Thus, strategies to slow down scleroderma progression represent an urgent medical need. While a pathological wound healing process like fibrosis leaves scars and weakens organ function, oral mucosa wound healing is a scarless process. After re-analyses of gene expression datasets from oral mucosa wound healing and skin fibrosis, we discovered that several pathways constitutively activated in skin fibrosis are transiently induced during oral mucosa wound healing process, particularly the amphiregulin (Areg) gene. Areg expression is upregulated ~ 10 folds 24hrs after oral mucosa wound but reduced to the basal level 3 days later. During bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis, a commonly used mouse model for skin fibrosis, Areg is up-regulated throughout the fibrogenesis and is associated with elevated cell proliferation in the dermis. To demonstrate the role of Areg for skin fibrosis, we used mice with Areg knockout, and found that Areg deficiency essentially prevents bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis. We further determined that bleomycin-induced cell proliferation in the dermis was not observed in the Areg null mice. Furthermore, we found that inhibiting MEK, a downstream signaling effector of Areg, by selumetinib also effectively blocked bleomycin-based skin fibrosis model. Based on these results, we concluded that the Areg-EGFR-MEK signaling axis is critical for skin fibrosis development. Blocking this signaling axis may be effective in treating scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shuyi Fang
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing At IUPUI, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- The IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing At IUPUI, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- The IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- The Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing At IUPUI, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- The IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- The Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- The IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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17
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Grund-Gröschke S, Ortner D, Szenes-Nagy AB, Zaborsky N, Weiss R, Neureiter D, Wipplinger M, Risch A, Hammerl P, Greil R, Sibilia M, Gratz IK, Stoitzner P, Aberger F. Epidermal activation of Hedgehog signaling establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment in basal cell carcinoma by modulating skin immunity. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1930-1946. [PMID: 32615027 PMCID: PMC7463314 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic activation of hedgehog/glioma‐associated oncogene homolog (HH/GLI) signaling causes basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a very frequent nonmelanoma skin cancer. Small molecule targeting of the essential HH effector Smoothened (SMO) has proven an effective therapy of BCC, though the frequent development of drug resistance poses major challenges to anti‐HH treatments. In light of recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, we analyzed the possible immunosuppressive mechanisms in HH/GLI‐induced BCC in detail. Using a genetic mouse model of BCC, we identified profound differences in the infiltration of BCC lesions with cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. Epidermal activation of Hh/Gli signaling led to an accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and to an increased expression of immune checkpoint molecules including programmed death (PD)‐1/PD‐ligand 1. Anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy, however, did not reduce tumor growth, presumably due to the lack of immunogenic mutations in common BCC mouse models, as shown by whole‐exome sequencing. BCC lesions also displayed a marked infiltration with neutrophils, the depletion of which unexpectedly promoted BCC growth. The study provides a comprehensive survey of and novel insights into the immune status of murine BCC and serves as a basis for the design of efficacious rational combination treatments. This study also underlines the need for predictive immunogenic mouse models of BCC to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Grund-Gröschke
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Ortner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antal B Szenes-Nagy
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nadja Zaborsky
- IIIrd Medical Department, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Wipplinger
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angela Risch
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Hammerl
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- IIIrd Medical Department, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris K Gratz
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Austria
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18
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Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Is a Novel Strategy for Anti-Psoriasis Therapy. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8567320. [PMID: 32684837 PMCID: PMC7338977 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8567320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory genetic-related disease that affects patients' quality of life. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of progenitor and immature myeloid cells which are expanded in psoriatic skin lesions and peripheral blood. However, the role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains unclear. Here, we confirmed that the accumulation of human MDSCs is remarkably increased in skin lesions of psoriasis patients by flow cytometry. Depleting MDSCs by Gemcitabine significantly suppresses IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation and epidermal thickening as well as Th17 and Treg cell accumulation. Moreover, through the RNA-Seq technique, we validated some differentially expressed genes on CD4+ T-cells of IMQ-induced-MDSC-depleted mice such as IL-21 and Timd2, which are involved in Th17-cell differentiation or T-cell activation. Interestingly, neutralizing IL-21R by antibody reduces IMQ-induced epidermal thickening through downregulating the infiltration of MDSCs and Th17 cells. Our data suggest that targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells is a novel strategy for antipsoriasis therapy. IL-21 may be a potential therapeutic target in psoriasis.
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19
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Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K, Salminen A. Potential Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Front Immunol 2020; 11:384. [PMID: 32265903 PMCID: PMC7099658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells, such as granulocytes/neutrophils and macrophages, have responsibilities that include pathogen destruction, waste material degradation, or antigen presentation upon inflammation. During persistent stress, myeloid cells can remain partially differentiated and adopt immunosuppressive functions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are primarily beneficial upon restoring homeostasis after inflammation. Because of their ability to suppress adaptive immunity, MDSCs can also ameliorate autoimmune diseases and semi-allogenic responses, e.g., in pregnancy or transplantation. However, immunosuppression is not always desirable. In certain conditions, such as cancer or chronically inflamed tissue, MDSCs prevent restorative immune responses and thereby aggravate disease progression. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common disease in Western countries that severely threatens the central vision of aged people. The pathogenesis of this multifactorial disease is not fully elucidated, but inflammation is known to participate in both dry and wet AMD. In this paper, we provide an overview about the potential role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kauppinen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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20
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Grund-Gröschke S, Stockmaier G, Aberger F. Hedgehog/GLI signaling in tumor immunity - new therapeutic opportunities and clinical implications. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:172. [PMID: 31878932 PMCID: PMC6933925 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled activation of the Hedgehog/Glioma-associated oncogene (HH/GLI) pathway is a potent oncogenic driver signal promoting numerous cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis and metabolic rewiring. Several HH pathway inhibitors have already been approved for medical therapy of advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia with partially impressive therapeutic activity. However, de novo and acquired resistance as well as severe side effects and unexplained lack of therapeutic efficacy are major challenges that urgently call for improved treatment options with more durable responses. The recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy have changed our current understanding of targeted therapy and opened up promising therapeutic opportunities including combinations of selective cancer pathway and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although HH/GLI signaling has been intensely studied with respect to the classical hallmarks of cancer, its role in the modulation of the anti-tumoral immune response has only become evident in recent studies. These have uncovered HH/GLI regulated immunosuppressive mechanisms such as enhanced regulatory T-cell formation and production of immunosuppressive cytokines. In light of these exciting novel data on oncogenic HH/GLI signaling in immune cross-talk and modulation, we summarize and connect in this review the existing knowledge from different HH-related cancers and chronic inflammatory diseases. This is to provide a basis for the investigation and evaluation of novel treatments combining immunotherapeutic strategies with approved as well as next-generation HH/GLI inhibitors. Further, we also critically discuss recent studies demonstrating a possible negative impact of current HH/GLI pathway inhibitors on the anti-tumoral immune response, which may explain some of the disappointing results of several oncological trials with anti-HH drugs. Video abstract. (9500 kb)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Grund-Gröschke
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse, 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Stockmaier
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse, 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse, 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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21
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Wang Y, Ding Y, Guo N, Wang S. MDSCs: Key Criminals of Tumor Pre-metastatic Niche Formation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:172. [PMID: 30792719 PMCID: PMC6374299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of disseminated metastases remains the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients. Formation of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which precedes the establishment of tumor lesions, is critical for metastases. Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells (BMDCs) are indispensable for PMN formation. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a population of immature myeloid cells that accumulate in patients with cancer and appear in the early PMN. The mechanisms by which MDSCs establish the pre-metastatic microenvironment in distant organs are largely unknown, although MDSCs play an essential role in metastasis. Here, we summarize the key factors associated with the recruitment and activation of MDSCs in the PMN and review the mechanisms by which MDSCs regulate PMN formation and evolution. Finally, we predict the potential value of MDSCs in PMN detection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanxia Ding
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Naizhou Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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Haybar H, Shahrabi S, Shahjahani M, Rezaeeyan H. Diagnostic Value of HLA Typing in Pathogenesis of Cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2018; 19:132-138. [PMID: 30520385 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x19666181205151340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of cardiomyopathy (CM) is dependent upon several factors. However, the reaction of the immune response against myocardial tissue due to microbial and viral infections plays an important role in this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between HLAs and their pathogenic mechanisms in the incidence of CM. Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (1989-2017) of English-language papers using the terms "Cardiomyopathy", "Human leukocyte antigen or HLA", "immune response", and "polymorphism". If CM patients are afflicted with viral and microbial infections, HLA class II molecules, which are not expressed on myocardial tissue in normal conditions, are mainly expressed on it. As a result, these HLAs present self- antigens and provoke autoimmune responses against myocardial tissue. On the other hand, the occurrence of polymorphism as well as disrupted expression of miRNAs can affect HLA expression, leading to hypertrophy and fibrosis of cardiac muscle. Finally, it is inferred that the expression evaluation of HLAs as well as identification of polymorphisms in their coding genes can be effective diagnostic factors in the detection of people susceptible to CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis research center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of biochemistry and hematology, faculty of medicine, Semnan University of medical sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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23
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The role of GLI-SOX2 signaling axis for gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2018; 38:1764-1777. [PMID: 30382189 PMCID: PMC6408295 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, mostly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), is one of the most lethal cancers, with a dismal median survival around 8 months. PDAC is notoriously resistant to chemotherapy. Thus far, numerous attempts using novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies yielded limited clinical benefits for pancreatic cancer patients. It is hoped that delineating the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in pancreatic cancer may provide novel therapeutic options. Using acquired gemcitabine resistant pancreatic cell lines, we revealed an important role of the GLI-SOX2 signaling axis for regulation of gemcitabine sensitivity in vitro and in animal models. Down-regulation of GLI transcriptional factors (GLI1 or GLI2), but not SMO signaling inhibition, reduces tumor sphere formation, a characteristics of tumor initiating cell (TIC). Down-regulation of GLI transcription factors also decreased expression of TIC marker CD24. Similarly, high SOX2 expression is associated with gemcitabine resistance whereas down-regulation of SOX2 sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine treatment. We further revealed that elevated SOX2 expression is associated with an increase in GLI1 or GLI2 expression. Our ChIP assay revealed that GLI proteins are associated with a putative Gli binding site within the SOX2 promoter, suggesting a more direct regulation of SOX2 by GLI transcription factors. The relevance of our findings to human disease was revealed in human cancer specimens. We found that high SOX2 protein expression is associated with frequent tumor relapse and poor survival in stage II PDAC patients (all of them underwent gemcitabine treatment), indicating that reduced SOX2 expression or down-regulation of GLI transcription factors may be effective in sensitizing pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine treatment.
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24
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Gu D, Lin H, Zhang X, Fan Q, Chen S, Shahda S, Liu Y, Sun J, Xie J. Simultaneous Inhibition of MEK and Hh Signaling Reduces Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110403. [PMID: 30373214 PMCID: PMC6266431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, mostly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is one of the most lethal cancer types, with an estimated 44,330 death in 2018 in the US alone. While targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved treatment options for patients with lung cancer and renal cell carcinomas, little progress has been made in pancreatic cancer, with a dismal 5-year survival rate currently at ~8%. Upon diagnosis, the majority of pancreatic cancer cases (~80%) are already metastatic. Thus, identifying ways to reduce pancreatic cancer metastasis is an unmet medical need. Furthermore, pancreatic cancer is notorious resistant to chemotherapy. While Kirsten RAt Sarcoma virus oncogene (K-RAS) mutation is the major driver for pancreatic cancer, specific inhibition of RAS signaling has been very challenging, and combination therapy is thought to be promising. In this study, we report that combination of hedgehog (Hh) and Mitogen-activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Kinase (MEK) signaling inhibitors reduces pancreatic cancer metastasis in mouse models. In mouse models of pancreatic cancer metastasis using human pancreatic cancer cells, we found that Hh target gene Gli1 is up-regulated during pancreatic cancer metastasis. Specific inhibition of smoothened signaling significantly altered the gene expression profile of the tumor microenvironment but had no significant effects on cancer metastasis. By combining Hh signaling inhibitor BMS833923 with RAS downstream MEK signaling inhibitor AZD6244, we observed reduced number of metastatic nodules in several mouse models for pancreatic cancer metastasis. These two inhibitors also decreased cell proliferation significantly and reduced CD45+ cells (particularly Ly6G+CD11b+ cells). We demonstrated that depleting Ly6G+ CD11b+ cells is sufficient to reduce cancer cell proliferation and the number of metastatic nodules. In vitro, Ly6G+ CD11b+ cells can stimulate cancer cell proliferation, and this effect is sensitive to MEK and Hh inhibition. Our studies may help design novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Gu
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Qipeng Fan
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Shaoxiong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Safi Shahda
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jie Sun
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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25
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Ishii H, Vodnala SK, Achyut BR, So JY, Hollander MC, Greten TF, Lal A, Yang L. miR-130a and miR-145 reprogram Gr-1 +CD11b + myeloid cells and inhibit tumor metastasis through improved host immunity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2611. [PMID: 29973593 PMCID: PMC6031699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived soluble factors promote the production of Gr-1+CD11b+ immature myeloid cells, and TGFβ signaling is critical in their immune suppressive function. Here, we report that miR-130a and miR-145 directly target TGFβ receptor II (TβRII) and are down-regulated in these myeloid cells, leading to increased TβRII. Ectopic expression of miR-130a and miR-145 in the myeloid cells decreased tumor metastasis. This is mediated through a downregulation of type 2 cytokines in myeloid cells and an increase in IFNγ-producing cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes. miR-130a- and miR-145-targeted molecular networks including TGFβ and IGF1R pathways were correlated with higher tumor stages in cancer patients. Lastly, miR-130a and miR-145 mimics, as well as IGF1R inhibitor NT157 improved anti-tumor immunity and inhibited metastasis in preclinical mouse models. These results demonstrated that miR-130a and miR-145 can reprogram tumor-associated myeloid cells by altering the cytokine milieu and metastatic microenvironment, thus enhancing host antitumor immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- CD11b Antigen/genetics
- CD11b Antigen/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Injections, Intravenous
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Oligoribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Oligoribonucleotides/genetics
- Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism
- Pyrogallol/analogs & derivatives
- Pyrogallol/pharmacology
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/immunology
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/immunology
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishii
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Suman K Vodnala
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bhagelu R Achyut
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, USA
| | - Jae Young So
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M Christine Hollander
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Genetic Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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26
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Lian GY, Wang QM, Tang PMK, Zhou S, Huang XR, Lan HY. Combination of Asiatic Acid and Naringenin Modulates NK Cell Anti-cancer Immunity by Rebalancing Smad3/Smad7 Signaling. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2255-2266. [PMID: 30017880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a promoting role in tumor growth via a mechanism associated with hyperactive Smad3 and suppressed Smad7 signaling in the tumor microenvironment. We report that retrieving the balance between Smad3 and Smad7 signaling with asiatic acid (AA, a Smad7 inducer) and naringenin (NG, a Smad3 inhibitor) effectively inhibited tumor progression in mouse models of invasive melanoma (B16F10) and lung carcinoma (LLC) by promoting natural killer (NK) cell development and cytotoxicity against cancer. Mechanistically, we found that Smad3 physically bound Id2 and IRF2 to suppress NK cell production and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against cancer. Treatment with AA and NG greatly inhibited Smad3 translation and phosphorylation while it restored Smad7 expression, and, therefore, it largely promoted NK cell differentiation, maturation, and cytotoxicity against cancer via Id2/IRF2-associated mechanisms. In contrast, silencing Id2 or IRF2 blunted the protective effects of AA and NG on NK cell-dependent anti-cancer activities. Thus, treatment with AA and NG produced an additive effect on inactivating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, and, therefore, it suppressed melanoma and lung carcinoma growth by promoting NK cell immunity against cancer via a mechanism associated with Id2 and IRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Lian
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing-Ming Wang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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27
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Yu B, Gu D, Zhang X, Li J, Liu B, Xie J. GLI1-mediated regulation of side population is responsible for drug resistance in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27412-27427. [PMID: 28404967 PMCID: PMC5432345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Chemotherapy is frequently used for gastric cancer treatment. Most patients with advanced gastric cancer eventually succumb to the disease despite some patients responded initially to chemotherapy. Thus, identifying molecular mechanisms responsible for cancer relapse following chemotherapy will help design new ways to treat gastric cancer. In this study, we revealed that the residual cancer cells following treatment with chemotherapeutic reagent cisplatin have elevated expression of hedgehog target genes GLI1, GLI2 and PTCH1, suggestive of hedgehog signaling activation. We showed that GLI1 knockdown sensitized gastric cancer cells to CDDP whereas ectopic GLI1 expression decreased the sensitivity. Further analyses indicate elevated GLI1 expression is associated with an increase in tumor sphere formation, side population and cell surface markers for putative cancer stem cells. We have evidence to support that GLI1 is critical for maintenance of putative cancer stem cells through direct regulation of ABCG2. In fact, GLI1 protein was shown to be associated with the promoter fragment of ABCG2 through a Gli-binding consensus site in gastric cancer cells. Disruption of ABCG2 function, through ectopic expression of an ABCG2 dominant negative construct or a specific ABCG2 inhibitor, increased drug sensitivity of cancer cells both in culture and in mice. The relevance of our studies to gastric cancer patient care is reflected by our discovery that high ABCG2 expression was associated with poor survival in the gastric cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy. Taken together, we have identified a molecular mechanism by which gastric cancer cells gain chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiqin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jianfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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28
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Del Prete A, Schioppa T, Tiberio L, Stabile H, Sozzani S. Leukocyte trafficking in tumor microenvironment. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 35:40-47. [PMID: 28577499 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of both malignant and non-malignant cells and a plethora of soluble mediators. Different types of tumors have specific tumor microenvironments characterized by distinct chemokines and chemotactic factors that influence leukocyte recruitment. The immune cell infiltrate continuously interacts with stroma cells and influence tumor growth. Emerging evidence suggests that the regulation of the composition and the metabolic state of tumor-associated leukocytes may represent a new promising intervention strategy. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the role of tumor-associated immune cells in tumor growth and dissemination, with a specific focus on the nature of the chemotactic factors responsible for their accumulation and activation in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schioppa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-Milan, Italy.
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29
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Sui Y, Frey B, Wang Y, Billeskov R, Kulkarni S, McKinnon K, Rourke T, Fritts L, Miller CJ, Berzofsky JA. Paradoxical myeloid-derived suppressor cell reduction in the bone marrow of SIV chronically infected macaques. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006395. [PMID: 28498847 PMCID: PMC5448820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which suppress anti-tumor or anti-viral immune responses, are expanded in the peripheral blood and tissues of patients/animals with cancer or viral infectious diseases. We here show that in chronic SIV infection of Indian rhesus macaques, the frequency of MDSCs in the bone marrow (BM) was paradoxically and unexpectedly decreased, but increased in peripheral blood. Reduction of BM MDSCs was found in both CD14+MDSC and Lin-CD15+MDSC subsets. The reduction of MDSCs correlated with high plasma viral loads and low CD4+ T cell counts, suggesting that depletion of BM MDSCs was associated with SIV/AIDS disease progression. Of note, in SHIVSF162P4-infected macaques, which naturally control viral replication within a few months of infection, the frequency of MDSCs in the bone marrow was unchanged. To investigate the mechanisms by which BM MDSCs were reduced during chronic SIV infection, we tested several hypotheses: depletion due to viral infection, alterations in MDSC trafficking, and/or poor MDSC replenishment. We found that the possible mobilization of MDSCs from BM to peripheral tissues and the slow self-replenishment of MDSCs in the BM, along with the viral infection-induced depletion, all contribute to the observed BM MDSC reduction. We first demonstrate MDSC SIV infection in vivo. Correlation between BM CD14+MDSC reduction and CD8+ T cell activation in tissues is consistent with decreased immune suppression by MDSCs. Thus, depletion of BM MDSCs may contribute to the pathologic immune activation during chronic SIV infection and by extension HIV infection. Both cancer and infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS lead to the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which can effectively suppress anti-tumor and anti-viral T cell responses to dampen protective immunity. Using a macaque model, we found unexpectedly that the MDSCs in bone marrow (BM) decreased after chronic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection compared with healthy controls. This was in sharp contrast to the general increase of MDSCs observed in BM during cancer and other infectious/inflammatory diseases, and also contrary to the MDSC expansion in HIV/SIV-infected PBMCs. We further demonstrated that the loss of MDSCs in the bone marrow was associated with the progression to AIDS disease. Investigating the mechanisms by which the MDSCs were decreased in the SIV-infected bone marrow, we found that the possible mobilization of MDSCs from bone marrow to peripheral tissues and the slow self-replenishment of MDSCs in the bone marrow, along with the viral infection-induced depletion, all contribute to the observed bone marrow MDSC reduction. Indeed, this is the first demonstration to our knowledge of SIV infection of MDSCs in vivo. Because of the suppressive nature of the MDSCs, the CD8+ T cells might not be effective in killing the virally infected MDSCs. It is tempting to speculate that MDSCs may constitute latent reservoirs. Overall, our data showed that MDSCs act as a double-edged sword in HIV/SIV-infection, and the decrease of MDSCs in bone marrow after SIV infection could serve as an indicator of immune regulatory exhaustion and also contribute to the observed immune hyperactivation seen in HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YS); (JAB)
| | - Blake Frey
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Rolf Billeskov
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Shweta Kulkarni
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Katherine McKinnon
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Tracy Rourke
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Linda Fritts
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YS); (JAB)
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30
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Mao L, Fan TF, Wu L, Yu GT, Deng WW, Chen L, Bu LL, Ma SR, Liu B, Bian Y, Kulkarni AB, Zhang WF, Sun ZJ. Selective blockade of B7-H3 enhances antitumour immune activity by reducing immature myeloid cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2199-2210. [PMID: 28401653 PMCID: PMC5571514 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature myeloid cells including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumour growth and metastasis by facilitating tumour transformation and angiogenesis, as well as by suppressing antitumour effector immune responses. Therefore, strategies designed to reduce MDSCs and TAMs accumulation and their activities are potentially valuable therapeutic goals. In this study, we show that negative immune checkpoint molecule B7-H3 is significantly overexpressed in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specimen as compared with normal oral mucosa. Using immunocompetent transgenic HNSCC models, we observed that targeting inhibition of B7-H3 reduced tumour size. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that targeting inhibition of B7-H3 increases antitumour immune response by decreasing immunosuppressive cells and promoting cytotoxic T cell activation in both tumour microenvironment and macroenvironment. Our study provides direct in vivo evidence for a rationale for B7-H3 blockade as a future therapeutic strategy to treat patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng-Fei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Rui Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yansong Bian
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Shao JB, Gao ZM, Huang WY, Lu ZB. The mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β1 in neuroblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1623-1633. [PMID: 28393230 PMCID: PMC5403264 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the second most common extracranial malignant solid tumor that occurs in childhood, and metastasis is one of the major causes of death in neuroblastoma patients. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism for both the initiation of tumor invasion and subsequent metastasis. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanism by which transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induces EMT in human neuroblastoma cells. Using quantitative RT-qPCR and western blot analyses, we found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin were significantly decreased, whereas that of α-SMA was significantly increased after neuroblastoma cells were treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1. A scratch test and Transwell migration assay revealed that cell migration significantly and directly correlated with the concentration of TGF-β1 indicating that TGF-β1 induced EMT in neuroblastoma cells and led to their migration. Inhibiting Smad2/3 expression did not affect the expression of the key molecules involved in EMT. Further investigation found that the expression of the glioblastoma transcription factor (Gli) significantly increased in TGF-β1-stimulated neuroblastoma cells undergoing EMT, accordingly, interfering with Gli1/2 expression inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT in neuroblastoma cells. GANT61, which is a targeted inhibitor of Gli1 and Gli2, decreased cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis. Thus, TGF-β1 induced EMT in neuroblastoma cells to increase their migration. Specifically, EMT induced by TGF-β1 in neuroblastoma cells did not depend on the Smad signaling pathway, and the transcription factor Gli participated in TGF-β1-induced EMT independent of Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Shao
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Mei Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Jain S, Song R, Xie J. Sonidegib: mechanism of action, pharmacology, and clinical utility for advanced basal cell carcinomas. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1645-1653. [PMID: 28352196 PMCID: PMC5360396 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s130910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is critical for cell differentiation, tissue polarity, and stem cell maintenance during embryonic development, but is silent in adult tissues under normal conditions. However, aberrant Hh signaling activation has been implicated in the development and promotion of certain types of cancer, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), medulloblastoma, and gastrointestinal cancers. In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sonidegib, a smoothened (SMO) antagonist, for treatment of advanced BCC (aBCC) after a successful Phase II clinical trial. Sonidegib, also named Odomzo, is the second Hh signaling inhibitor approved by the FDA to treat BCCs following approval of the first SMO antagonist vismodegib in 2012. What are the major features of sonidegib (mechanism of action; metabolic profiles, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability profiles)? Will the sonidegib experience help other clinical trials using Hh signaling inhibitors in the future? In this review, we will summarize current understanding of BCCs and Hh signaling. We will focus on sonidegib and its use in the clinic, and we will discuss ways to improve its clinical application in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruolan Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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-2518 A/G MCP-1 but not -403 G/A RANTES gene polymorphism is associated with enhanced risk of basal cell carcinoma. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2016; 33:381-385. [PMID: 27881944 PMCID: PMC5110628 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2016.62846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polymorphic variants of MCP-1 and RANTES genes and their protein serum levels have been implicated in the increased risk and severity of several malignancies. However, the subject has not been explored in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) patients so far. Aim To investigate the association between monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (–2518 A/G) and RANTES (–403 G/A) polymorphism and risk and clinical course of BCC. Material and methods The study group consisted of 150 unrelated patients with BCC and 140 healthy, unrelated, age- and sex-matched volunteers. The polymorphisms were analysed using the amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction method (ARMS-PCR) and single specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). Serum cytokine levels were measured with ELISA. Results The presence of the MCP-1 –2518 GG genotype was statistically more frequent in BCC patients and it increased the risk of BCC (OR = 2.63, p = 0.003). Genotype –330 GG was statistically more common in patients with less advanced tumours (OR = 2.8, p = 0.017). Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 serum level was statistically higher with GG genotype. In the BCC group MCP-1 serum levels were decreased. Neither polymorphic variants of RANTES nor the chemokine serum concentration differed significantly between the study groups. Conclusions These findings suggest that –2518 A/G MCP-1 polymorphism may be involved in BCC pathogenesis.
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Najjar YG, Rayman P, Jia X, Pavicic PG, Rini BI, Tannenbaum C, Ko J, Haywood S, Cohen P, Hamilton T, Diaz-Montero CM, Finke J. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Subset Accumulation in Renal Cell Carcinoma Parenchyma Is Associated with Intratumoral Expression of IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, and Mip-1α. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2346-2355. [PMID: 27799249 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Little is known about the association between myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subsets and various chemokines in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or the factors that draw MDSC into tumor parenchyma.Experimental Design: We analyzed polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC), monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC), and immature MDSC (I-MDSC) from the parenchyma and peripheral blood of 48 patients with RCC, isolated at nephrectomy. We analyzed levels of IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, Mip-1α, MCP-1, and Rantes. Furthermore, we performed experiments in a Renca murine model to assess therapeutic synergy between CXCR2 and anti-PD1 and to elucidate the impact of IL1β blockade on MDSC.Results: Parenchymal PMN-MDSC have a positive correlation with IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, and Mip-1α, and I-MDSC correlate with IL8 and CXCL5. Furthermore, peripheral PMN-MDSC correlate with tumor grade. Given that PMN-MDSC express CXCR2 and parenchymal PMN-MDSC correlated with IL8 and CXCL5, we assessed the response of CXCR2 blockade with or without anti-PD1. Combination therapy reduced tumor weight and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. In addition, anti-IL1β decreased PMN-MDSC and M-MDSC in the periphery, PMN-MDSC in the tumor, and peripheral CXCL5 and KC. Anti-IL1β also delayed tumor growth.Conclusions: Parenchymal PMN-MDSC have a positive correlation with IL1β, IL8, CXCL5, and Mip-1α, suggesting they may attract PMN-MDSC into the tumor. Peripheral PMN-MDSC correlate with tumor grade, suggesting prognostic significance. Anti-CXCR2 and anti-PD1 synergized to reduce tumor weight and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in a Renca murine model, suggesting that CXCR2+ PMN-MDSC are important in reducing activity of anti-PD1 antibody. Finally, anti-IL1β decreases MDSC and delayed tumor growth, suggesting a potential target for MDSC inhibition. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2346-55. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana G Najjar
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institite, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia Rayman
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xuefei Jia
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paul G Pavicic
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian I Rini
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Jennifer Ko
- Pathology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samuel Haywood
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter Cohen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Thomas Hamilton
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - James Finke
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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Achyut BR, Shankar A, Iskander ASM, Ara R, Knight RA, Scicli AG, Arbab AS. Chimeric Mouse model to track the migration of bone marrow derived cells in glioblastoma following anti-angiogenic treatments. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:280-90. [PMID: 26797476 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1139243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) have been shown to contribute in the tumor development. In vivo animal models to investigate the role of BMDCs in tumor development are poorly explored. We established a novel chimeric mouse model using as low as 5 × 10(6) GFP+ BM cells in athymic nude mice, which resulted in >70% engraftment within 14 d. In addition, chimera was established in NOD-SCID mice, which displayed >70% with in 28 d. Since anti-angiogenic therapies (AAT) were used as an adjuvant against VEGF-VEGFR pathway to normalize blood vessels in glioblastoma (GBM), which resulted into marked hypoxia and recruited BMDCs to the tumor microenvironment (TME). We exploited chimeric mice in athymic nude background to develop orthotopic U251 tumor and tested receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and CXCR4 antagonist against GBM. We were able to track GFP+ BMDCs in the tumor brain using highly sensitive multispectral optical imaging instrument. Increased tumor growth associated with the infiltration of GFP+ BMDCs acquiring suppressive myeloid and endothelial phenotypes was seen in TME following treatments. Immunofluorescence study showed GFP+ cells accumulated at the site of VEGF, SDF1 and PDGF expression, and at the periphery of the tumors following treatments. In conclusion, we developed a preclinical chimeric model of GBM and phenotypes of tumor infiltrated BMDCs were investigated in context of AATs. Chimeric mouse model could be used to study detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms of interaction of BMDCs and TME in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Achyut
- a Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | - Adarsh Shankar
- a Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | - A S M Iskander
- a Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | - Roxan Ara
- a Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
| | | | - Alfonso G Scicli
- c Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- a Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
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Li M, Xing S, Zhang H, Shang S, Li X, Ren B, Li G, Chang X, Li Y, Li W. A matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor enhances anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody immunotherapy in breast cancer by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:1329-39. [PMID: 26752000 PMCID: PMC4750755 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) treatment is effective for the treatment of primary tumors, but not sufficient for the treatment of metastatic tumors, likely owing to the effects of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of combined treatment with a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor (MMPI) and anti-CTLA-4 antibody in a breast cancer model in mice. Interestingly, combined treatment with MMPI and anti-CTLA-4 antibody delayed tumor growth and reduced lung and liver metastases compared with anti-CTLA-4 alone or vehicle treatment. The functions of the liver and kidney in mice in the different groups did not differ significantly compared with that in normal mice. The CD8+/CD4+ ratio in T cells in the spleen and tumor were increased after monotherapy or combined anti-CTLA-4 antibody plus MMPI therapy compared with that in vehicle-treated mice. Anti-CTLA-4 antibody plus MMPI therapy reduced the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and decreased the Treg/Th17 cell ratio in the spleen compared with those in the vehicle-treated group. Additionally, anti-CTLA-4 antibody plus MMPI therapy reduced the percentages of regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and Th17 cells in tumors compared with that in the vehicle-treated group. Moreover, combined treatment with MMPI and anti-CTLA-4 antibody reduced the microvessel density (MVD) in tumors compared with that in vehicle or MMPI-treated mice. There was a negative correlation between MVD and the CD8+ T cell percentage, CD4+ T cell percentage, and CD8+/CD4+ T cell ratio, but a positive correlation with Tregs, Th17 cells, Treg/Th17 cell ratio, and MDSCs. Thus, these data demonstrated that addition of MMPI enhanced the effects of anti-CTLA-4 antibody treatment in a mouse model of breast cancer by delaying tumor growth and reducing metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shugang Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Gaiyun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yilei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Chaudhary SC, Tang X, Arumugam A, Li C, Srivastava RK, Weng Z, Xu J, Zhang X, Kim AL, McKay K, Elmets CA, Kopelovich L, Bickers DR, Athar M. Shh and p50/Bcl3 signaling crosstalk drives pathogenesis of BCCs in Gorlin syndrome. Oncotarget 2015; 6:36789-814. [PMID: 26413810 PMCID: PMC4742211 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that is due, in large measure, to aberrant Shh signaling driven by mutations in the tumor suppressor gene Ptch1. Here, we describe the development of Ptch1+/-/ SKH-1 mice as a novel model of this disease. These animals manifest many features of NBCCS, including developmental anomalies and are remarkably sensitive to both ultraviolet (UVB) and ionizing radiation that drive the development of multiple BCCs. Just as in patients with NBCCS, Ptch1+/-/SKH-1 also spontaneously develops BCCs and other neoplasms such as rhabdomyomas/rhabdomyosarcomas. Administration of smoothened inhibitors (vismodegib/itraconazole/cyclopamine) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (sulindac/sulfasalazine) each result in partial resolution of BCCs in these animals. However, combined administration of these agents inhibits the growth of UVB-induced BCCs by >90%. Employing small molecule- and decoy-peptide-based approaches we further affirm that complete remission of BCCs could only be achieved by combined inhibition of p50-NFκB/Bcl3 and Shh signaling. We posit that Ptch1+/-/SKH-1 mice are a novel and relevant animal model for NBCCS. Understanding mechanisms that govern genetic predisposition to BCCs should facilitate our ability to identify and treat NBCCS gene carriers, including those at risk for sporadic BCCs while accelerating development of novel therapeutic modalities for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep C. Chaudhary
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Xiuwei Tang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aadithya Arumugam
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Changzhao Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Ritesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
- Present address: Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Arianna L. Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kristopher McKay
- Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-4550, USA
| | - Craig A. Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Levy Kopelovich
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David R. Bickers
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
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Zhang X, He N, Gu D, Wickliffe J, Salazar J, Boldogh I, Xie J. Genetic Evidence for XPC-KRAS Interactions During Lung Cancer Development. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:589-596. [PMID: 26554912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer causes more deaths than breast, colorectal and prostate cancers combined. Despite major advances in targeted therapy in a subset of lung adenocarcinomas, the overall 5-year survival rate for lung cancer worldwide has not significantly changed for the last few decades. DNA repair deficiency is known to contribute to lung cancer development. In fact, human polymorphisms in DNA repair genes such as xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) are highly associated with lung cancer incidence. However, the direct genetic evidence for the role of XPC for lung cancer development is still lacking. Mutations of the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Kras) or its downstream effector genes occur in almost all lung cancer cells, and there are a number of mouse models for lung cancer with these mutations. Using activated Kras, Kras(LA1), as a driver for lung cancer development in mice, we showed for the first time that mice with Kras(LA1) and Xpc knockout had worst outcomes in lung cancer development, and this phenotype was associated with accumulated DNA damage. Using cultured cells, we demonstrated that induced expression of oncogenic KRAS(G12V) led to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as DNA damage, and both can be suppressed by anti-oxidants. Our results suggest that XPC may help repair DNA damage caused by KRAS-mediated production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatrics Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nonggao He
- University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine Cancer Center, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatrics Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jeff Wickliffe
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - James Salazar
- Biology Department, Galveston College, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Istavan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatrics Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Achyut BR, Shankar A, Iskander ASM, Ara R, Angara K, Zeng P, Knight RA, Scicli AG, Arbab AS. Bone marrow derived myeloid cells orchestrate antiangiogenic resistance in glioblastoma through coordinated molecular networks. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:416-26. [PMID: 26404753 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a hypervascular and malignant form of brain tumors. Anti-angiogenic therapies (AAT) were used as an adjuvant against VEGF-VEGFR pathway to normalize blood vessels in clinical and preclinical studies, which resulted into marked hypoxia and recruited bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) to the tumor microenvironment (TME). In vivo animal models to track BMDCs and investigate molecular mechanisms in AAT resistance are rare. We exploited recently established chimeric mouse to develop orthotopic U251 tumor, which uses as low as 5 × 10(6) GFP+ BM cells in athymic nude mice and engrafted >70% GFP+ cells within 14 days. Our unpublished data and published studies have indicated the involvement of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in therapeutic resistance in glioma. Similarly, in the present study, vatalanib significantly increased CD68+ myeloid cells, and CD133+, CD34+ and Tie2+ endothelial cell signatures. Therefore, we tested inhibition of CSF1R+ myeloid cells using GW2580 that reduced tumor growth by decreasing myeloid (Gr1+ CD11b+ and F4/80+) and angiogenic (CD202b+ and VEGFR2+) cell signatures in TME. CSF1R blockade significantly decreased inflammatory, proangiogenic and immunosuppressive molecular signatures compared to vehicle, vatalanib or combination. TCK1 or CXCL7, a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils, was observed as most significantly decreased cytokine in CSF1R blockade. ERK MAPK pathway was involved in cytokine network regulation. In conclusion, present study confirmed the contribution of myeloid cells in GBM development and therapeutic resistance using chimeric mouse model. We identified novel molecular networks including CXCL7 chemokine as a promising target for future studies. Nonetheless, survival studies are required to assess the beneficial effect of CSF1R blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Achyut
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Adarsh Shankar
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - A S M Iskander
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Roxan Ara
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kartik Angara
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Peng Zeng
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Alfonso G Scicli
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Sato Y, Shimizu K, Shinga J, Hidaka M, Kawano F, Kakimi K, Yamasaki S, Asakura M, Fujii SI. Characterization of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell subset regulated by NK cells in malignant lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e995541. [PMID: 25949922 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.995541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population with the ability to suppress immune responses and are currently classified into three distinct MDSC subsets: monocytic, granulocytic and non-monocytic, and non-granulocytic MDSCs. Although NK cells provide an important first-line defense against newly transformed cancer cells, it is unknown whether NK cells can regulate MDSC populations in the context of cancer. In this study, we initially found that the frequency of MDSCs in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients was increased and inversely correlated with that of NK cells, but not that of T cells. To investigate the regulation of MDSC subsets by NK cells, we used an EL4 murine lymphoma model and found the non-monocytic and non-granulocytic MDSC subset, i.e., Gr1+CD11b+Ly6GmedLy6Cmed MDSC, is increased after NK cell depletion. The MDSC population that expresses MHC class II, CD80, CD124, and CCR2 is regulated mainly by CD27+CD11b+NK cells. In addition, this MDSC subset produces some immunosuppressive cytokines, including IL-10 but not nitric oxide (NO) or arginase. We also examined two subsets of MDSCs (CD14+HLA-DR- and CD14- HLA-DR- MDSC) in NHL patients and found that higher IL-10-producing CD14+HLA-DR-MDSC subset can be seen in lymphoma patients with reduced NK cell frequency in peripheral blood. Our analyses of MDSCs in this study may enable a better understanding of how MDSCs manipulate the tumor microenvironment and are regulated by NK cells in patients with lymphoma.
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Key Words
- DFS
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HLA, Human Leukocyte Antigen
- IL, interleukin
- IL-10
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MDSC
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- NK cells
- NK, Natural killer cells
- OS, overall survival
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononucleated cell
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- disease-free survival
- immunoregulation
- malignant lymphoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science ; Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science ; Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Jun Shinga
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science ; Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Michihiro Hidaka
- Department of Hematology; Internal Medicine; National Hospital Organization; Kumamoto Medical Center ; Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumio Kawano
- Department of Hematology; Internal Medicine; National Hospital Organization; Kumamoto Medical Center ; Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamasaki
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science ; Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Miki Asakura
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science ; Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science ; Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
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Stromnes IM, Greenberg PD, Hingorani SR. Molecular pathways: myeloid complicity in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5157-70. [PMID: 25047706 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-induced inflammation results in accumulation of myeloid cells. These myeloid cells include progenitors and progeny of monocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It has become increasingly evident that tumor-dependent factors can condition myeloid cells toward an immunosuppressive and protumorigenic phenotype. Thus, myeloid cells are not simply bystanders in malignancy or barometers of disease burden. Reflecting their dynamic and plastic nature, myeloid cells manifest a continuum of cellular differentiation and are intimately involved at all stages of neoplastic progression. They can promote tumorigenesis through both immune-dependent and -independent mechanisms and can dictate response to therapies. A greater understanding of the inherent plasticity and relationships among myeloid subsets is needed to inform therapeutic targeting. New clinical trials are being designed to modulate the activities of myeloid cells in cancer, which may be essential to maximize the efficacy of both conventional cytotoxic and immune-based therapies for solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 20(20); 5157-70. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn M Stromnes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sunil R Hingorani
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington. Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
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42
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Zhou J, Xiang Y, Yoshimura T, Chen K, Gong W, Huang J, Zhou Y, Yao X, Bian X, Wang JM. The role of chemoattractant receptors in shaping the tumor microenvironment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:751392. [PMID: 25110692 PMCID: PMC4119707 DOI: 10.1155/2014/751392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemoattractant receptors are a family of seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) initially found to mediate the chemotaxis and activation of immune cells. During the past decades, the functions of these GPCRs have been discovered to not only regulate leukocyte trafficking and promote immune responses, but also play important roles in homeostasis, development, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. Accumulating evidence indicates that chemoattractant GPCRs and their ligands promote the progression of malignant tumors based on their capacity to orchestrate the infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal cells. This facilitates the interaction of tumor cells with host cells, tumor cells with tumor cells, and host cells with host cells to provide a basis for the expansion of established tumors and development of distant metastasis. In addition, many malignant tumors of the nonhematopoietic origin express multiple chemoattractant GPCRs that increase the invasiveness and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, GPCRs and their ligands constitute targets for the development of novel antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Endoscopic Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Surgery, Fudan University Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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43
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Abstract
Low oxygen tension, hypoxia, is a characteristic of many tumors and associated with the poor prognosis. Hypoxia invites bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) from bone marrow to the site of tumor. These recruited CXCR4+ BMDCs provide favorable environment for the tumor growth by acquiring pro-angiogenic phenotype such as CD45+VEGFR2+ Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC), or CD45+Tie2+ myeloid cells. CD11b+CD13+ myeloid population of the BMDCs modulate tumor progression. These myeloid populations retain immunosuppressive characteristics, for example, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulates immune- suppression by inhibiting cytotoxic T cell function. In addition, MDSCs were observed at the premetastatic niche of the distant organs in other tumors. Protumorigenic and prometastatic role of the myeloid cells provides a basis for therapeutic targeting of immunosuppression and thus inhibiting tumor development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Achyut
- Tumor Angiogenesis Lab, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Tumor Angiogenesis Lab, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, USA
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44
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Xie J. The hedgehog's trick for escaping immunosurveillance: The molecular mechanisms driving myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment in hedgehog signaling-dependent tumors. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e29180. [PMID: 25054089 PMCID: PMC4092004 DOI: 10.4161/onci.29180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are an important means by which tumor cells evade immunosurveillance. Here, we set out to determine how MDSCs are recruited to tumors in genetically engineered mouse cancer models. Expression of oncogenic and constitutively active SmoM2, a key hedgehog-signaling regulatory protein, revealed that MDSC recruitment to the tumor microenvironment is mediated by the CCL2/CCR2 axis in a TGFβ dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwu Xie
- Department of Pediatrics; Wells Center for Pediatric Research; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN USA
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