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Quiroz D, Oya S, Lopez-Mateos D, Zhao K, Pierce A, Ortega L, Ali A, Carbonell-Bejerano P, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Suzuki S, Hayashi G, Osakabe A, Monroe G. H3K4me1 recruits DNA repair proteins in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2410-2426. [PMID: 38531669 PMCID: PMC11132887 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
DNA repair proteins can be recruited by their histone reader domains to specific epigenomic features, with consequences on intragenomic mutation rate variation. Here, we investigated H3K4me1-associated hypomutation in plants. We first examined 2 proteins which, in plants, contain Tudor histone reader domains: PRECOCIOUS DISSOCIATION OF SISTERS 5 (PDS5C), involved in homology-directed repair, and MUTS HOMOLOG 6 (MSH6), a mismatch repair protein. The MSH6 Tudor domain of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) binds to H3K4me1 as previously demonstrated for PDS5C, which localizes to H3K4me1-rich gene bodies and essential genes. Mutations revealed by ultradeep sequencing of wild-type and msh6 knockout lines in Arabidopsis show that functional MSH6 is critical for the reduced rate of single-base substitution (SBS) mutations in gene bodies and H3K4me1-rich regions. We explored the breadth of these mechanisms among plants by examining a large rice (Oryza sativa) mutation data set. H3K4me1-associated hypomutation is conserved in rice as are the H3K4me1-binding residues of MSH6 and PDS5C Tudor domains. Recruitment of DNA repair proteins by H3K4me1 in plants reveals convergent, but distinct, epigenome-recruited DNA repair mechanisms from those well described in humans. The emergent model of H3K4me1-recruited repair in plants is consistent with evolutionary theory regarding mutation modifier systems and offers mechanistic insight into intragenomic mutation rate variation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quiroz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Satoyo Oya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Diego Lopez-Mateos
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kehan Zhao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alice Pierce
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lissandro Ortega
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alissza Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sae Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-0814, Japan
| | - Gosuke Hayashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-0814, Japan
| | - Akihisa Osakabe
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Grey Monroe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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2
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Isik E, Shukla K, Pospisilova M, König C, Andrs M, Rao S, Rosano V, Dobrovolna J, Krejci L, Janscak P. MutSβ-MutLβ-FANCJ axis mediates the restart of DNA replication after fork stalling at cotranscriptional G4/R-loops. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2685. [PMID: 38324687 PMCID: PMC10849593 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Transcription-replication conflicts (TRCs) induce formation of cotranscriptional RNA:DNA hybrids (R-loops) stabilized by G-quadruplexes (G4s) on the displaced DNA strand, which can cause fork stalling. Although it is known that these stalled forks can resume DNA synthesis in a process initiated by MUS81 endonuclease, how TRC-associated G4/R-loops are removed to allow fork passage remains unclear. Here, we identify the mismatch repair protein MutSβ, an MLH1-PMS1 heterodimer termed MutLβ, and the G4-resolving helicase FANCJ as factors that are required for MUS81-initiated restart of DNA replication at TRC sites in human cells. This DNA repair process depends on the G4-binding activity of MutSβ, the helicase activity of FANCJ, and the binding of FANCJ to MLH1. Furthermore, we show that MutSβ, MutLβ, and MLH1-FANCJ interaction mediate FANCJ recruitment to G4s. These data suggest that MutSβ, MutLβ, and FANCJ act in conjunction to eliminate G4/R-loops at TRC sites, allowing replication restart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Isik
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kaustubh Shukla
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 143 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pospisilova
- Department of Biology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A7, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Christiane König
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Andrs
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Satyajeet Rao
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vinicio Rosano
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jana Dobrovolna
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 143 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lumir Krejci
- Department of Biology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A7, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Janscak
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 143 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Sakellariou D, Bak ST, Isik E, Barroso SI, Porro A, Aguilera A, Bartek J, Janscak P, Peña-Diaz J. MutSβ regulates G4-associated telomeric R-loops to maintain telomere integrity in ALT cancer cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110602. [PMID: 35385755 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 15% of human cancers maintain their telomeres through a telomerase-independent mechanism, termed "alternative lengthening of telomeres" (ALT) that relies on homologous recombination between telomeric sequences. Emerging evidence suggests that the recombinogenic nature of ALT telomeres results from the formation of RNA:DNA hybrids (R-loops) between telomeric DNA and the long-noncoding telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA). Here, we show that the mismatch repair protein MutSβ, a heterodimer of MSH2 and MSH3 subunits, is enriched at telomeres in ALT cancer cells, where it prevents the accumulation of telomeric G-quadruplex (G4) structures and R-loops. Cells depleted of MSH3 display increased incidence of R-loop-dependent telomere fragility and accumulation of telomeric C-circles. We also demonstrate that purified MutSβ recognizes and destabilizes G4 structures in vitro. These data suggest that MutSβ destabilizes G4 structures in ALT telomeres to regulate TERRA R-loops, which is a prerequisite for maintenance of telomere integrity during ALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Sakellariou
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Thornby Bak
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esin Isik
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sonia I Barroso
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMER, University of Seville-CSIC-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Porro
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMER, University of Seville-CSIC-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14300 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Janscak
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14300 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Javier Peña-Diaz
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Landelouci K, Sinha S, Pépin G. Type-I Interferon Signaling in Fanconi Anemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:820273. [PMID: 35198459 PMCID: PMC8859461 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.820273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a genome instability syndrome caused by mutations in one of the 23 repair genes of the Fanconi pathway. This heterogenous disease is usually characterized by congenital abnormalities, premature ageing and bone marrow failure. FA patients also show a high predisposition to hematological and solid cancers. The Fanconi pathway ensures the repair of interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) DNA damage. Defect in one of its proteins prevents functional DNA repair, leading to the accumulation of DNA breaks and genome instability. Accumulating evidence has documented a close relationship between genome instability and inflammation, including the production of type-I Interferon. In this context, type-I Interferon is produced upon activation of pattern recognition receptors by nucleic acids including by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) that detects DNA. In mouse models of diseases displaying genome instability, type-I Interferon response is responsible for an important part of the pathological symptoms, including premature aging, short stature, and neurodegeneration. This is illustrated in mouse models of Ataxia-telangiectasia and Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome in which genetic depletion of either Interferon Receptor IFNAR, cGAS or STING relieves pathological symptoms. FA is also a genetic instability syndrome with symptoms such as premature aging and predisposition to cancer. In this review we will focus on the different molecular mechanisms potentially leading to type-I Interferon activation. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms engaging type-I Interferon signaling in FA may ultimately lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets to rescue the pathological inflammation and premature aging associated with Fanconi Anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Landelouci
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Shruti Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Geneviève Pépin
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Mani C, Acharya G, Kshirsagar S, Vijayan M, Khan H, Hemachandra Reddy P, Palle K. A Novel Role for BRIP1/FANCJ in Neuronal Cells Health and in Resolving Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Lesions. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:207-221. [PMID: 34776453 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage accumulation and mitochondrial abnormalities are elevated in neurons during aging and may contribute to neurodegenerative pathologic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. BRCA1 interacting protein 1 or BRIP1 is a 5' to 3' DNA helicase that catalyzes many abnormal DNA structures during DNA replication, gene transcription, and recombination, and contribute to genomic integrity. OBJECTIVE BRIP1 functions were reasonably well studied in DNA repair; however, there is limited data on its role and regulation during aging and neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry, western blot, and qRT-PCR assays to analyze the expression of BRIP1. Immunofluorescence studies were performed to study the formation of R-loops, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial morphology. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial structures, respectively. Oxygen consumption rate was measured using Seahorse, and the Presto Blue™ assays were used to evaluate cell viability. RESULTS Our results demonstrate the expression of BRIP1 in mouse and human brain tissues and in neuronal cell lines. BRIP1 levels were elevated in the hippocampal regions of the brains, specifically in the dentate gyrus. BRIP1 downregulation in neuronal cells caused increased R-loop formation basally and in response to H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, BRIP1 deficient cells exhibited elevated levels of excitotoxicity induced by L-Glutamic acid exposure as evidenced by (mitochondrial) ROS levels, deteriorated mitochondrial health, and cell death compared to BRIP1 proficient neuronal cells. CONCLUSION Overall, our results indicate an important role for BRIP1 in maintaining neuronal cell health and homeostasis by suppressing cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hafiz Khan
- Julia Jones Matthews Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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6
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Muhseena N K, Mathukkada S, Das SP, Laha S. The repair gene BACH1 - a potential oncogene. Oncol Rev 2021; 15:519. [PMID: 34322202 PMCID: PMC8273628 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2021.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACH1 encodes for a protein that belongs to RecQ DEAH helicase family and interacts with the BRCT repeats of BRCA1. The N-terminus of BACH1 functions in DNA metabolism as DNA-dependent ATPase and helicase. The C-terminus consists of BRCT domain, which interacts with BRCA1 and this interaction is one of the major regulator of BACH1 function. BACH1 plays important roles both in phosphorylated as well as dephosphorylated state and functions in coordination with multiple signaling molecules. The active helicase property of BACH1 is maintained by its dephosphorylated state. Imbalance between these two states enhances the development and progression of the diseased condition. Currently BACH1 is known as a tumor suppressor gene based on the presence of its clinically relevant mutations in different cancers. Through this review we have justified it to be named as an oncogene. In this review, we have explained the mechanism of how BACH1 in collaboration with BRCA1 or independently regulates various pathways like cell cycle progression, DNA replication during both normal and stressed situation, recombination and repair of damaged DNA, chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modifications. Mutation and overexpression of BACH1 are significantly found in different cancer types. This review enlists the molecular players which interact with BACH1 to regulate DNA metabolic functions, thereby revealing its potential for cancer therapeutics. We have identified the most mutated functional domain of BACH1, the hot spot for tumorigenesis, justifying it as a target molecule in different cancer types for therapeutics. BACH1 has high potentials of transforming a normal cell into a tumor cell if compromised under certain circumstances. Thus, through this review, we justify BACH1 as an oncogene along with the existing role of being a tumor suppressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheeja Muhseena N
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sooraj Mathukkada
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Das
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suparna Laha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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7
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Single-molecule imaging reveals replication fork coupled formation of G-quadruplex structures hinders local replication stress signaling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2525. [PMID: 33953191 PMCID: PMC8099879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine-rich DNA sequences occur throughout the human genome and can transiently form G-quadruplex (G4) structures that may obstruct DNA replication, leading to genomic instability. Here, we apply multi-color single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) coupled with robust data-mining algorithms to quantitatively visualize replication fork (RF)-coupled formation and spatial-association of endogenous G4s. Using this data, we investigate the effects of G4s on replisome dynamics and organization. We show that a small fraction of active replication forks spontaneously form G4s at newly unwound DNA immediately behind the MCM helicase and before nascent DNA synthesis. These G4s locally perturb replisome dynamics and organization by reducing DNA synthesis and limiting the binding of the single-strand DNA-binding protein RPA. We find that the resolution of RF-coupled G4s is mediated by an interplay between RPA and the FANCJ helicase. FANCJ deficiency leads to G4 accumulation, DNA damage at G4-associated replication forks, and silencing of the RPA-mediated replication stress response. Our study provides first-hand evidence of the intrinsic, RF-coupled formation of G4 structures, offering unique mechanistic insights into the interference and regulation of stable G4s at replication forks and their effect on RPA-associated fork signaling and genomic instability.
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8
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Tye S, Ronson GE, Morris JR. A fork in the road: Where homologous recombination and stalled replication fork protection part ways. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 113:14-26. [PMID: 32653304 PMCID: PMC8082280 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In response to replication hindrances, DNA replication forks frequently stall and are remodelled into a four-way junction. In such a structure the annealed nascent strand is thought to resemble a DNA double-strand break and remodelled forks are vulnerable to nuclease attack by MRE11 and DNA2. Proteins that promote the recruitment, loading and stabilisation of RAD51 onto single-stranded DNA for homology search and strand exchange in homologous recombination (HR) repair and inter-strand cross-link repair also act to set up RAD51-mediated protection of nascent DNA at stalled replication forks. However, despite the similarities of these pathways, several lines of evidence indicate that fork protection is not simply analogous to the RAD51 loading step of HR. Protection of stalled forks not only requires separate functions of a number of recombination proteins, but also utilises nucleases important for the resection steps of HR in alternative ways. Here we discuss how fork protection arises and how its differences with HR give insights into the differing contexts of these two pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tye
- Section of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - George E Ronson
- University of Birmingham, College of Medical Dental Schools, Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joanna R Morris
- University of Birmingham, College of Medical Dental Schools, Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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9
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Nath S, Nagaraju G. FANCJ helicase promotes DNA end resection by facilitating CtIP recruitment to DNA double-strand breaks. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008701. [PMID: 32251466 PMCID: PMC7162537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FANCJ helicase mutations are known to cause hereditary breast and ovarian cancers as well as bone marrow failure syndrome Fanconi anemia. FANCJ plays an important role in the repair of DNA inter-strand crosslinks and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR). Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism by which FANCJ controls HR mediated DSB repair is obscure. Here, we show that FANCJ promotes DNA end resection by recruiting CtIP to the sites of DSBs. This recruitment of CtIP is dependent on FANCJ K1249 acetylation. Notably, FANCJ acetylation is dependent on FANCJ S990 phosphorylation by CDK. The CDK mediated phosphorylation of FANCJ independently facilitates its interaction with BRCA1 at damaged DNA sites and promotes DNA end resection by CtIP recruitment. Strikingly, mutational studies reveal that ATP binding competent but hydrolysis deficient FANCJ partially supports end resection, indicating that in addition to the scaffolding role of FANCJ in CtIP recruitment, its helicase activity is important for promoting end resection. Together, these data unravel a novel function of FANCJ helicase in DNA end resection and provide mechanistic insights into its role in repairing DSBs by HR and in genome maintenance. Homologous recombination has been considered as an error-free pathway in repairing DSBs and maintaining genome stability. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and various factors including MRE11, CtIP, EXO1, and BLM helicase participate in DNA end resection to promote HR mediated DSB repair. Despite the identification of FANCJ helicase role in HR and tumor suppression, the molecular mechanism by which FANCJ helicase participates in HR is obscure. Here, we show that FANCJ helicase controls DNA end resection by recruiting CtIP to the sites of DSBs. The loading of CtIP is dependent on FANCJ acetylation which is mediated by CDK dependent phosphorylation of FANCJ. Moreover, in addition to FANCJ mediated CtIP recruitment, its helicase activity is also essential for DNA end resection. Our data identify FANCJ as a novel player in the DNA end resection and provide insights into its role in HR mediated DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmi Nath
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ganesh Nagaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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10
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Agrahari AK, Krishna Priya M, Praveen Kumar M, Tayubi IA, Siva R, Prabhu Christopher B, George Priya Doss C, Zayed H. Understanding the structure-function relationship of HPRT1 missense mutations in association with Lesch-Nyhan disease and HPRT1-related gout by in silico mutational analysis. Comput Biol Med 2019; 107:161-171. [PMID: 30831305 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide salvage pathway is used to recycle degraded nucleotides (purines and pyrimidines); one of the enzymes that helps to recycle purines is hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HGPRT1). Therefore, defects in this enzyme lead to the accumulation of DNA and nucleotide lesions and hence replication errors and genetic disorders. Missense mutations in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1) are associated with deficiencies such as Lesch-Nyhan disease and chronic gout, which have manifestations such as arthritis, neurodegeneration, and cognitive disorders. In the present study, we collected 88 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) from the UniProt, dbSNP, ExAC, and ClinVar databases. We used a series of sequence-based and structure-based in silico tools to prioritize and characterize the most pathogenic and stabilizing or destabilizing nsSNPs. Moreover, to obtain the structural impact of the pathogenic mutations, we mapped the mutations to the crystal structure of the HPRT protein. We further subjected these mutant proteins to a 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). The MDS trajectory showed that all mutant proteins altered the structural conformation and dynamic behavior of the HPRT protein and corroborated its association with LND and gout. This study provides essential information regarding the use of HPRT protein mutants as potential targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Agrahari
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - M Krishna Priya
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Medapalli Praveen Kumar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Iftikhar Aslam Tayubi
- Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Siva
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | | | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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11
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Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an evolutionally conserved genome maintenance pathway and is well known for its role in maintaining replication fidelity by correcting biosynthetic errors generated during DNA replication. However, recent studies have shown that MMR preferentially protects actively transcribed genes from mutation during both DNA replication and transcription. This review describes the recent discoveries in this area. Potential mechanisms by which MMR safeguards actively transcribed genes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Huang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guo-Min Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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12
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Federico MB, Campodónico P, Paviolo NS, Gottifredi V. Beyond interstrand crosslinks repair: contribution of FANCD2 and other Fanconi Anemia proteins to the replication of DNA. Mutat Res 2018; 808:83-92. [PMID: 29031493 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations of FANCD2 and other components of the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway cause a disease characterized by bone marrow failure, cancer predisposition and a striking sensitivity to agents that induce crosslinks between the two complementary DNA strands (inter-strand crosslinks-ICL). Such genotoxins were used to characterize the contribution of the FA pathway to the genomic stability of cells, thus unravelling the biological relevance of ICL repair in the context of the disease. Notwithstanding this, whether the defect in ICL repair as the sole trigger for the multiple physiological alterations observed in FA patients is still under investigation. Remarkably, ICL-independent functions of FANCD2 and other components of the FA pathway were recently reported. FANCD2 contributes to the processing of very challenging double strand ends (DSEs: one ended Double Strand Breaks -DSBs- created during DNA replication). Other ICL-independent functions of FANCD2 include prevention of DNA breakage at stalled replication forks and facilitation of chromosome segregation at the end of M phase. The current understanding of replication-associated functions of FANCD2 and its relevance for the survival of genomically stable cells is herein discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Federico
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Paola Campodónico
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Paviolo
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Gottifredi
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
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13
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia is an inherited disease characterized by genomic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, bone marrow failure, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and a high relative risk of myeloid leukemia and epithelial malignancies. The 21 Fanconi anemia genes encode proteins involved in multiple nuclear biochemical pathways that effect DNA interstrand crosslink repair. In the past, bone marrow failure was attributed solely to the failure of stem cells to repair DNA. Recently, non-canonical functions of many of the Fanconi anemia proteins have been described, including modulating responses to oxidative stress, viral infection, and inflammation as well as facilitating mitophagic responses and enhancing signals that promote stem cell function and survival. Some of these functions take place in non-nuclear sites and do not depend on the DNA damage response functions of the proteins. Dysfunctions of the canonical and non-canonical pathways that drive stem cell exhaustion and neoplastic clonal selection are reviewed, and the potential therapeutic importance of fully investigating the scope and interdependences of the canonical and non-canonical pathways is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grover Bagby
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Genetics, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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14
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Nath S, Somyajit K, Mishra A, Scully R, Nagaraju G. FANCJ helicase controls the balance between short- and long-tract gene conversions between sister chromatids. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:8886-8900. [PMID: 28911102 PMCID: PMC5587752 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The FANCJ DNA helicase is linked to hereditary breast and ovarian cancers as well as bone marrow failure disorder Fanconi anemia (FA). Although FANCJ has been implicated in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR), the molecular mechanism underlying the tumor suppressor functions of FANCJ remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that FANCJ deficient human and hamster cells exhibit reduction in the overall gene conversions in response to a site-specific chromosomal DSB induced by I-SceI endonuclease. Strikingly, the gene conversion events were biased in favour of long-tract gene conversions in FANCJ depleted cells. The fine regulation of short- (STGC) and long-tract gene conversions (LTGC) by FANCJ was dependent on its interaction with BRCA1 tumor suppressor. Notably, helicase activity of FANCJ was essential for controlling the overall HR and in terminating the extended repair synthesis during sister chromatid recombination (SCR). Moreover, cells expressing FANCJ pathological mutants exhibited defective SCR with an increased frequency of LTGC. These data unravel the novel function of FANCJ helicase in regulating SCR and SCR associated gene amplification/duplications and imply that these functions of FANCJ are crucial for the genome maintenance and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmi Nath
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kumar Somyajit
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anup Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ralph Scully
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ganesh Nagaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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15
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Federico MB, Campodónico P, Paviolo NS, Gottifredi V. ACCIDENTAL DUPLICATION: Beyond interstrand crosslinks repair: Contribution of FANCD2 and other Fanconi Anemia proteins to the replication of DNA. Mutat Res 2017:S0027-5107(17)30167-7. [PMID: 28966006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.09.006. This duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Federico
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Paola Campodónico
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Paviolo
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Gottifredi
- Cell Cycle and Genomic Stability Laboratory, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
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16
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Sato K, Koyasu M, Nomura S, Sato Y, Kita M, Ashihara Y, Adachi Y, Ohno S, Iwase T, Kitagawa D, Nakashima E, Yoshida R, Miki Y, Arai M. Mutation status of RAD51C, PALB2 and BRIP1 in 100 Japanese familial breast cancer cases without BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2287-2294. [PMID: 28796317 PMCID: PMC5666035 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to BRCA1 and BRCA2, RAD51C,PALB2 and BRIP1 are known as breast cancer susceptibility genes. However, the mutation status of these genes in Japanese familial breast cancer cases has not yet been evaluated. To this end, we analyzed the exon sequence and genomic rearrangement of RAD51C,PALB2 and BRIP1 in 100 Japanese patients diagnosed with familial breast and ovarian cancer and without BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. We detected a large deletion from exons 6 to 9 in RAD51C, 4 novel BRIP1 missense variants containing 3 novel non‐synonymous variants, c.89A>C, c.736A>G and c.2131A>G, and a splice donor site variant c.918+2T>C. No deleterious variant of PALB2 was detected. The results of pedigree analysis showed that the proband with a large deletion on RAD51C had a family history of both breast and ovarian cancer, and the families of probands with novel BRIP1 missense variants included a male patient with breast cancer or many patients with breast cancer within the second‐degree relatives. We showed that the mutation frequency of RAD51C in Japanese familial breast cancer cases was similar to that in Western countries and that the prevalence of deleterious mutation of PALB2 was possibly lower. Furthermore, our results suggested that BRIP1 mutation frequency in Japan might differ from that in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Sato
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Koyasu
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachio Nomura
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Translational Research Support, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Sato
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuho Kita
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuumi Ashihara
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasue Adachi
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohno
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwase
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Kitagawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Nakashima
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Division of Medical Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Arai
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Konstantinov NK, Ulff-Møller CJ, Dimitrov S. Histone variants and melanoma: facts and hypotheses. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:426-33. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefan Dimitrov
- Institut Albert Bonniot; U823, INSERM/Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble Cedex 9 France
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18
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Ceccaldi R, Sarangi P, D'Andrea AD. The Fanconi anaemia pathway: new players and new functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:337-49. [PMID: 27145721 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Fanconi anaemia pathway repairs DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) in the genome. Our understanding of this complex pathway is still evolving, as new components continue to be identified and new biochemical systems are used to elucidate the molecular steps of repair. The Fanconi anaemia pathway uses components of other known DNA repair processes to achieve proper repair of ICLs. Moreover, Fanconi anaemia proteins have functions in genome maintenance beyond their canonical roles of repairing ICLs. Such functions include the stabilization of replication forks and the regulation of cytokinesis. Thus, Fanconi anaemia proteins are emerging as master regulators of genomic integrity that coordinate several repair processes. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the functions of the Fanconi anaemia pathway in ICL repair, together with an overview of its connections with other repair pathways and its emerging roles in genome maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Ceccaldi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Prabha Sarangi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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19
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Tuominen R, Engström PG, Helgadottir H, Eriksson H, Unneberg P, Kjellqvist S, Yang M, Lindén D, Edsgärd D, Hansson J, Höiom V. The role of germline alterations in the DNA damage response genes BRIP1 and BRCA2 in melanoma susceptibility. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:601-11. [PMID: 27074266 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied a targeted sequencing approach to identify germline mutations conferring a moderately to highly increased risk of cutaneous and uveal melanoma. Ninety-two high-risk melanoma patients were screened for inherited variation in 120 melanoma candidate genes. Observed gene variants were filtered based on frequency in reference populations, cosegregation with melanoma in families and predicted functional effect. Several novel or rare genetic variants in genes involved in DNA damage response, cell-cycle regulation and transcriptional control were identified in melanoma patients. Among identified genetic alterations was an extremely rare variant (minor allele frequency of 0.00008) in the BRIP1 gene that was found to cosegregate with the melanoma phenotype. We also found a rare nonsense variant in the BRCA2 gene (rs11571833), previously associated with cancer susceptibility but not with melanoma, which showed weak association with melanoma susceptibility in the Swedish population. Our results add to the growing knowledge about genetic factors associated with melanoma susceptibility and also emphasize the role of DNA damage response as an important factor in melanoma etiology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Tuominen
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär G Engström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hildur Helgadottir
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Eriksson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Unneberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanela Kjellqvist
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muyi Yang
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Lindén
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Edsgärd
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Hansson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Cantor SB, Nayak S. FANCJ at the FORK. Mutat Res 2016; 788:7-11. [PMID: 26926912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon B Cantor
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
| | - Sumeet Nayak
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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21
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Nicolas E, Arora S, Zhou Y, Serebriiskii IG, Andrake MD, Handorf ED, Bodian DL, Vockley JG, Dunbrack RL, Ross EA, Egleston BL, Hall MJ, Golemis EA, Giri VN, Daly MB. Systematic evaluation of underlying defects in DNA repair as an approach to case-only assessment of familial prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:39614-33. [PMID: 26485759 PMCID: PMC4741850 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk assessment for prostate cancer is challenging due to its genetic heterogeneity. In this study, our goal was to develop an operational framework to select and evaluate gene variants that may contribute to familial prostate cancer risk. Drawing on orthogonal sources, we developed a candidate list of genes relevant to prostate cancer, then analyzed germline exomes from 12 case-only prostate cancer patients from high-risk families to identify patterns of protein-damaging gene variants. We described an average of 5 potentially disruptive variants in each individual and annotated them in the context of public databases representing human variation. Novel damaging variants were found in several genes of relevance to prostate cancer. Almost all patients had variants associated with defects in DNA damage response. Many also had variants linked to androgen signaling. Treatment of primary T-lymphocytes from these prostate cancer patients versus controls with DNA damaging agents showed elevated levels of the DNA double strand break (DSB) marker γH2AX (p < 0.05), supporting the idea of an underlying defect in DNA repair. This work suggests the value of focusing on underlying defects in DNA damage in familial prostate cancer risk assessment and demonstrates an operational framework for exome sequencing in case-only prostate cancer genetic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjeevani Arora
- Programs in Molecular Therapeutics Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Programs in Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilya G. Serebriiskii
- Programs in Molecular Therapeutics Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Mark D. Andrake
- Programs in Molecular Therapeutics Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Dale L. Bodian
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Joseph G. Vockley
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Roland L. Dunbrack
- Programs in Molecular Therapeutics Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric A. Ross
- Programs in Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian L. Egleston
- Programs in Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J. Hall
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Programs in Molecular Therapeutics Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Veda N. Giri
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary B. Daly
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Abstract
Figuring out what is wrong in Fanconi anemia (FA) patient cells is critical to understanding the contributions of the FA pathway to DNA repair and tumor suppression. Although FA patients exhibit a wide range of disease manifestation as well as severity (asymptomatic to congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and cancer), cells from FA patients share underlying defects in their ability to process DNA lesions that interfere with DNA replication. In particular, FA cells are very sensitive to agents that induce DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). The cause of this pronounced ICL sensitivity is not fully understood, but has been linked to the aberrant activation of DNA damage repair proteins, checkpoints and pathways. Thus, regulation of these responses through coordination of repair processing at stalled replication forks is an essential function of the FA pathway. Here, we briefly summarize some of the aberrant DNA damage responses contributing to defects in FA cells, and detail the newly-identified relationship between FA and the mismatch repair protein, MSH2. Understanding the contribution of MSH2 and/or other proteins to the replication problem in FA cells will be key to assessing therapeutic options to improve the health of FA patients. Moreover, loss of these factors, if linked to improved replication, could be a key event in the progression of FA cells to cancer cells. Likewise, loss of these factors could synergize to enhance tumorigenesis or confer chemoresistance in tumors defective in FA-BRCA pathway proteins and provide a basis for biomarkers for disease progression and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon B Cantor
- a Department of Cancer Biology ; University of Massachusetts Medical School; UMASS Memorial Cancer Center ; Worcester , MA USA
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23
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Xu Y, Wu X, Her C. hMSH5 Facilitates the Repair of Camptothecin-induced Double-strand Breaks through an Interaction with FANCJ. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18545-58. [PMID: 26055704 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.642884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication stress from stalled or collapsed replication forks is a major challenge to genomic integrity. The anticancer agent camptothecin (CPT) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor that causes fork collapse and double-strand breaks amid DNA replication. Here we report that hMSH5 promotes cell survival in response to CPT-induced DNA damage. Cells deficient in hMSH5 show elevated CPT-induced γ-H2AX and RPA2 foci with concomitant reduction of Rad51 foci, indicative of impaired homologous recombination. In addition, CPT-treated hMSH5-deficient cells exhibit aberrant activation of Chk1 and Chk2 kinases and therefore abnormal cell cycle progression. Furthermore, the hMSH5-FANCJ chromatin recruitment underlies the effects of hMSH5 on homologous recombination and Chk1 activation. Intriguingly, FANCJ depletion desensitizes hMSH5-deficient cells to CPT-elicited cell killing. Collectively, our data point to the existence of a functional interplay between hMSH5 and FANCJ in double-strand break repair induced by replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- From the School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7520
| | - Xiling Wu
- From the School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7520
| | - Chengtao Her
- From the School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7520
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24
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Brosh RM, Cantor SB. Molecular and cellular functions of the FANCJ DNA helicase defective in cancer and in Fanconi anemia. Front Genet 2014; 5:372. [PMID: 25374583 PMCID: PMC4204437 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The FANCJ DNA helicase is mutated in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer as well as the progressive bone marrow failure disorder Fanconi anemia (FA). FANCJ is linked to cancer suppression and DNA double strand break repair through its direct interaction with the hereditary breast cancer associated gene product, BRCA1. FANCJ also operates in the FA pathway of interstrand cross-link repair and contributes to homologous recombination. FANCJ collaborates with a number of DNA metabolizing proteins implicated in DNA damage detection and repair, and plays an important role in cell cycle checkpoint control. In addition to its role in the classical FA pathway, FANCJ is believed to have other functions that are centered on alleviating replication stress. FANCJ resolves G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures that are known to affect cellular replication and transcription, and potentially play a role in the preservation and functionality of chromosomal structures such as telomeres. Recent studies suggest that FANCJ helps to maintain chromatin structure and preserve epigenetic stability by facilitating smooth progression of the replication fork when it encounters DNA damage or an alternate DNA structure such as a G4. Ongoing studies suggest a prominent but still not well-understood role of FANCJ in transcriptional regulation, chromosomal structure and function, and DNA damage repair to maintain genomic stability. This review will synthesize our current understanding of the molecular and cellular functions of FANCJ that are critical for chromosomal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharon B Cantor
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School - UMASS Memorial Cancer Center Worcester, MA, USA
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25
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Peng M, Xie J, Ucher A, Stavnezer J, Cantor SB. Crosstalk between BRCA-Fanconi anemia and mismatch repair pathways prevents MSH2-dependent aberrant DNA damage responses. EMBO J 2014; 33:1698-712. [PMID: 24966277 PMCID: PMC4194102 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201387530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several proteins in the BRCA-Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, such as FANCJ, BRCA1, and FANCD2, interact with mismatch repair (MMR) pathway factors, but the significance of this link remains unknown. Unlike the BRCA-FA pathway, the MMR pathway is not essential for cells to survive toxic DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), although MMR proteins bind ICLs and other DNA structures that form at stalled replication forks. We hypothesized that MMR proteins corrupt ICL repair in cells that lack crosstalk between BRCA-FA and MMR pathways. Here, we show that ICL sensitivity of cells lacking the interaction between FANCJ and the MMR protein MLH1 is suppressed by depletion of the upstream mismatch recognition factor MSH2. MSH2 depletion suppresses an aberrant DNA damage response, restores cell cycle progression, and promotes ICL resistance through a Rad18-dependent mechanism. MSH2 depletion also suppresses ICL sensitivity in cells deficient for BRCA1 or FANCD2, but not FANCA. Rescue by Msh2 loss was confirmed in Fancd2-null primary mouse cells. Thus, we propose that regulation of MSH2-dependent DNA damage response underlies the importance of interactions between BRCA-FA and MMR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Women's Cancers Program, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Xie
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Women's Cancers Program, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anna Ucher
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Women's Cancers Program, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Janet Stavnezer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Women's Cancers Program, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sharon B Cantor
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Women's Cancers Program, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, MA, USA
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