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Guo J, Liu C, Qi Z, Qiu T, Zhang J, Yang H. Engineering customized nanovaccines for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:330-357. [PMID: 38496036 PMCID: PMC10940734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanovaccines have gathered significant attention for their potential to elicit tumor-specific immunological responses. Despite notable progress in tumor immunotherapy, nanovaccines still encounter considerable challenges such as low delivery efficiency, limited targeting ability, and suboptimal efficacy. With an aim of addressing these issues, engineering customized nanovaccines through modification or functionalization has emerged as a promising approach. These tailored nanovaccines not only enhance antigen presentation, but also effectively modulate immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, they are distinguished by their diverse sizes, shapes, charges, structures, and unique physicochemical properties, along with targeting ligands. These features of nanovaccines facilitate lymph node accumulation and activation/regulation of immune cells. This overview of bespoke nanovaccines underscores their potential in both prophylactic and therapeutic applications, offering insights into their future development and role in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Guo
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Changhua Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Zhaoyang Qi
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, PR China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
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Pandey P, Kim SH, Subedi L, Mujahid K, Kim Y, Cho YC, Shim JH, Kim KT, Cho SS, Choi JU, Park JW. Oral lymphatic delivery of alpha-galactosylceramide and ovalbumin evokes anti-cancer immunization. J Control Release 2023; 356:507-524. [PMID: 36907564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed an orally delivered nanoemulsion that induces cancer immunization. It consists of tumor antigen-loaded nano-vesicles carrying the potent invariant natural killer T-cell (iNKT) activator α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), to trigger cancer immunity by effectively activating both innate and adaptive immunity. It was validated that adding bile salts to the system boosted intestinal lymphatic transport as well as the oral bioavailability of ovalbumin (OVA) via the chylomicron pathway. To increase intestinal permeability further and amplify the antitumor responses, an ionic complex of cationic lipid 1,2-dioleyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DTP) with sodium deoxycholate (DA) (DDP) and α-GalCer were anchored onto the outer oil layer to form OVA-NE#3. As expected, OVA-NE#3 exhibited tremendously improved intestinal cell permeability as well as enhanced delivery to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). Subsequent activation of dendritic cells and iNKTs, in MLNs were also observed. Tumor growth in OVA-expressing mice with melanoma was more strongly suppressed (by 71%) after oral administration of OVA-NE#3 than in untreated controls, confirming the strong immune response induced by the system. The serum levels of OVA-specific IgG1 and IgG2a were 3.52- and 6.14-fold higher than in controls. Treating OVA-NE#3 increased the numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, including cytotoxic T-cell and M1-like macrophage. Antigen- and α-GalCer-associated enrichment of dendritic cells and iNKTs in tumor tissues also increased after OVA-NE#3 treatment. These observations indicate that our system induces both cellular and humoral immunity by targeting the oral lymphatic system. It may offer a promising oral anti-cancer vaccination strategy that involves the induction of systemic anti-cancer immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Pandey
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Laxman Subedi
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Khizra Mujahid
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yebon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Kim
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Uk Choi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
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Delfanti G, Cortesi F, Perini A, Antonini G, Azzimonti L, de Lalla C, Garavaglia C, Squadrito ML, Fedeli M, Consonni M, Sesana S, Re F, Shen H, Dellabona P, Casorati G. TCR-engineered iNKT cells induce robust antitumor response by dual targeting cancer and suppressive myeloid cells. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn6563. [PMID: 35984893 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn6563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with T cells engineered with tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) holds promise for cancer treatment. However, suppressive cues generated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can hinder the efficacy of these therapies, prompting the search for strategies to overcome these detrimental conditions and improve cellular therapeutic approaches. CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells actively participate in tumor immunosurveillance by restricting suppressive myeloid populations in the TME. Here, we showed that harnessing iNKT cells with a second TCR specific for a tumor-associated peptide generated bispecific effectors for CD1d- and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted antigens in vitro. Upon in vivo transfer, TCR-engineered iNKT (TCR-iNKT) cells showed the highest efficacy in restraining the progression of multiple tumors that expressed the cognate antigen compared with nontransduced iNKT cells or CD8+ T cells engineered with the same TCR. TCR-iNKT cells achieved robust cancer control by simultaneously modulating intratumoral suppressive myeloid populations and killing malignant cells. This dual antitumor function was further enhanced when the iNKT cell agonist α-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer) was administered as a therapeutic booster through a platform that ensured controlled delivery at the tumor site, named multistage vector (MSV). These preclinical results support the combination of tumor-redirected TCR-iNKT cells and local α-GalCer boosting as a potential therapy for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Delfanti
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Filippo Cortesi
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Alessandra Perini
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Gaia Antonini
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | | | - Claudia de Lalla
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Claudio Garavaglia
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Mario L Squadrito
- Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Maya Fedeli
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Michela Consonni
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Silvia Sesana
- BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Monza, Italy
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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iNKT cell agonists as vaccine adjuvants to combat infectious diseases. Carbohydr Res 2022; 513:108527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Adar T, Shankar Lankalapalli R, Bittman R, Ilan Y. The assembly of glycosphingolipid determines their immunomodulatory effect: A novel method for structure-based design of immunotherapy. Cell Immunol 2020; 355:104157. [PMID: 32659503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships provide insight into the binding interactions of beta-glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with both the TCR and the CD1d molecules, as well as the subsequent immunologic response of regulatory NKT cells. AIM To determine the effects of synthetic GSL structures on their immune modulatory functions. METHODS GSLs of various structures were tested in vitro and in an animal model of Concanavalin A (ConA) immune-mediated hepatitis. RESULTS In vitro, using SV40 binding to live monkey CV1 cells, the l-threo stereoisomer of C8-β-LacCer inhibits caveolar internalization, reducing viral binding to the cell surface. In vivo, in the ConA model, LR172, which has a saturated C8 chain, and LR178, which has a trans double bond at C-2 in the C8 chain, suppressed the immune-mediated liver inflammation and reduced IFNγ levels in a dose dependent manner. The beneficial effects of LR172 and of LR178 are associated with suppression of liver apoptosis, increased phosphorylated STAT3 expression in the liver, and an increase in the NKT liver/spleen ratio. SUMMARY The assembly of GSLs determines their immunomodulatory effect and can serve as a method for structure-based design of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Adar
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ravi Shankar Lankalapalli
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, United States; Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, United States
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Abstract
Vaccines are powerful tools that can activate the immune system for protection against various diseases. As carbohydrates can play important roles in immune recognition, they have been widely applied in vaccine development. Carbohydrate antigens have been investigated in vaccines against various pathogenic microbes and cancer. Polysaccharides such as dextran and β-glucan can serve as smart vaccine carriers for efficient antigen delivery to immune cells. Some glycolipids, such as galactosylceramide and monophosphoryl lipid A, are strong immune stimulators, which have been studied as vaccine adjuvants. In this review, we focus on the current advances in applying carbohydrates as vaccine delivery carriers and adjuvants. We will discuss the examples that involve chemical modifications of the carbohydrates for effective antigen delivery, as well as covalent antigen-carbohydrate conjugates for enhanced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Sainz V, Moura LI, Peres C, Matos AI, Viana AS, Wagner AM, Vela Ramirez JE, S. Barata T, Gaspar M, Brocchini S, Zloh M, Peppas NA, Satchi-Fainaro R, F. Florindo H. α-Galactosylceramide and peptide-based nano-vaccine synergistically induced a strong tumor suppressive effect in melanoma. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:193-207. [PMID: 29940370 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosylceramide (GalCer) is a glycolipid widely known as an activator of Natural killer T (NKT) cells, constituting a promising adjuvant against cancer, including melanoma. However, limited clinical outcomes have been obtained so far. This study evaluated the synergy between GalCer and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II melanoma-associated peptide antigens and the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) ligands CpG and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), which we intended to maximize following their co-delivery by a nanoparticle (NP). This is expected to improve GalCer capture by dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequent presentation to NKT cells, simultaneously inducing an anti-tumor specific T-cell mediated immunity. The combination of GalCer with melanoma peptides and TLR ligands successfully restrained tumor growth. The tumor volume in these animals was 5-fold lower than the ones presented by mice immunized with NPs not containing GalCer. However, tumor growth was controlled at similar levels by GalCer entrapped or in its soluble form, when mixed with antigens and TLR ligands. Those two groups showed an improved infiltration of T lymphocytes into the tumor, but only GalCer-loaded nano-vaccine induced a prominent and enhanced infiltration of NKT and NK cells. In addition, splenocytes of these animals secreted levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 at least 1.5-fold and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those treated with the mixture of antigens and adjuvants in solution. Overall, the combined delivery of the NKT agonist with TLR ligands and melanoma antigens via this multivalent nano-vaccine displayed a synergistic anti-tumor immune-mediated efficacy in B16F10 melanoma mouse model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Combination of α-galactosylceramide (GalCer), a Natural Killer T (NKT) cell agonist, with melanoma-associated antigens presented by MHC class I (Melan-A:26) and MHC class II (gp100:44) molecules, and Toll-like Receptor (TLR) ligands (MPLA and CpG), within nanoparticle matrix induced a prominent anti-tumor immune response able to restrict melanoma growth. An enhanced infiltration of NKT and NK cells into tumor site was only achieved when the combination GalCer, antigens and TLR ligands were co-delivered by the nanovaccine.
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Sartorius R, D'Apice L, Barba P, Cipria D, Grauso L, Cutignano A, De Berardinis P. Vectorized Delivery of Alpha-GalactosylCeramide and Tumor Antigen on Filamentous Bacteriophage fd Induces Protective Immunity by Enhancing Tumor-Specific T Cell Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1496. [PMID: 30002659 PMCID: PMC6031736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have exploited the properties of filamentous bacteriophage fd to deliver immunologically active lipids together with antigenic peptides. Filamentous bacteriophages resemble for size, capability to be permeable to blood vessels, and high density antigen expression, a nature-made nanoparticle. In addition, their major coat protein pVIII, which is arranged to form a tubular shield surrounding the phage genome, has a high content of hydrophobic residues promoting lipid association. We conjugated bacteriophages to alpha-GalactosylCeramide (α-GalCer), a lipid antigen-stimulating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and capable of inducing their anti-tumoral activities. We found that bacteriophage fd/α-GalCer conjugates could repeatedly stimulate iNKT cells in vitro and in vivo, without inducing iNKT anergy. Moreover, co-delivery of α-GalCer and a MHC class I restricted tumor-associated antigenic determinant to antigen-presenting cells via bacteriophages strongly boosted adaptive CD8+ T cell response and efficiently delayed tumor progression. Co-delivery of a tumor antigen and iNKT-stimulatory lipid on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages is a novel approach to potentiate adaptive anti-cancer immune responses, overcoming the current limitations in the use of free α-GalCer and may represent an attractive alternative to existing delivery methods, opening the path to a potential translational usage of this safe, inexpensive, and versatile tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pasquale Barba
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Laura Grauso
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Liu Z, Guo J. NKT-cell glycolipid agonist as adjuvant in synthetic vaccine. Carbohydr Res 2017; 452:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Nair S, Dhodapkar MV. Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1178. [PMID: 29018445 PMCID: PMC5614937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are specialized CD1d-restricted T cells that recognize lipid antigens. Following stimulation, NKT cells lead to downstream activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. This has impelled the development of NKT cell-targeted immunotherapies for treating cancer. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the stimulatory and regulatory functions of NKT cells in tumor immunity as well as highlight preclinical and clinical studies based on NKT cells. Finally, we discuss future perspectives to better harness the potential of NKT cells for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Nair
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Fujii SI, Shimizu K. Exploiting Antitumor Immunotherapeutic Novel Strategies by Deciphering the Cross Talk between Invariant NKT Cells and Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:886. [PMID: 28824620 PMCID: PMC5535079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has prevailed for several types of cancer; however, its effectiveness as a single therapy is still limited. In principle, dendritic cells (DCs) should be able to control the post-therapy immune response, in particular since they can link the two major arms of the immune system: innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, DCs would be a logical and ideal target for the development of immunotherapies. Since DCs are not activated in the steady state, an adjuvant to convert their function from tolerogenic to immunogenic would be desirable. Upon ligand activation, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells simultaneously activate NK cells and also energize the DCs, resulting in their full maturation. To utilize such iNKT-licensed "fully" matured DCs as adjuvants, mechanisms of both intercellular communication between DC subsets and iNKT cells and intracellular molecular signaling in DCs have to be clarified and optimized. To generate both innate and adaptive immunity against cancer, a variety of strategies with the potential to target iNKT-licensed DCs in situ have been studied. The benchmark of success in these studies, each with distinct approaches, will be the development of functional NK cells and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) as well as generation of long-term, memory CTL. In this review, we provide a framework for NKT-mediated immunotherapy through selective DC targeting in situ, describe progress in the design of licensed therapies for iNKT cell targeting of DCs, and highlight the challenge to provide maximal benefit to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
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Exogenous Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells by α-Galactosylceramide Reduces Pneumococcal Outgrowth and Dissemination Postinfluenza. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.01440-16. [PMID: 27803187 PMCID: PMC5090038 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01440-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection can predispose to potentially devastating secondary bacterial infections. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are unconventional, lipid-reactive T lymphocytes that exert potent immunostimulatory functions. Using a mouse model of postinfluenza invasive secondary pneumococcal infection, we sought to establish whether α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer [a potent iNKT cell agonist that is currently in clinical development]) could limit bacterial superinfection. Our results highlighted the presence of a critical time window during which α-GalCer treatment can trigger iNKT cell activation and influence resistance to postinfluenza secondary pneumococcal infection. Intranasal treatment with α-GalCer during the acute phase (on day 7) of influenza virus H3N2 and H1N1 infection failed to activate (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and interleukin-17A [IL-17A]) iNKT cells; this effect was associated with a strongly reduced number of conventional CD103+ dendritic cells in the respiratory tract. In contrast, α-GalCer treatment during the early phase (on day 4) or during the resolution phase (day 14) of influenza was associated with lower pneumococcal outgrowth and dissemination. Less intense viral-bacterial pneumonia and a lower morbidity rate were observed in superinfected mice treated with both α-GalCer (day 14) and the corticosteroid dexamethasone. Our results open the way to alternative (nonantiviral/nonantibiotic) iNKT-cell-based approaches for limiting postinfluenza secondary bacterial infections. IMPORTANCE Despite the application of vaccination programs and antiviral drugs, influenza A virus (IAV) infection is responsible for widespread morbidity and mortality (500,000 deaths/year). Influenza infections can also result in sporadic pandemics that can be devastating: the 1918 pandemic led to the death of 50 million people. Severe bacterial infections are commonly associated with influenza and are significant contributors to the excess morbidity and mortality of influenza. Today's treatments of secondary bacterial (pneumococcal) infections are still not effective enough, and antibiotic resistance is a major issue. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel therapies. In the present study, we set out to evaluate the efficacy of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-a potent agonist of invariant NKT cells that is currently in clinical development-in a mouse model of postinfluenza, highly invasive pneumococcal pneumonia. Our data indicate that treatment with α-GalCer reduces susceptibility to superinfections and, when combined with the corticosteroid dexamethasone, reduces viral-bacterial pneumonia.
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Kharkwal SS, Arora P, Porcelli SA. Glycolipid activators of invariant NKT cells as vaccine adjuvants. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:597-610. [PMID: 27377623 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer T cells (NKT cells) are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes with unique phenotypic properties and a remarkably broad range of immune effector and regulatory functions. One subset of these cells, known as invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells), has become a significant focus in the search for new and better ways to enhance immunotherapies and vaccination. These unconventional T cells are characterized by their ability to be specifically activated by a range of foreign and self-derived glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, an MHC class I-related antigen presenting molecule that has evolved to bind and present lipid antigens. The development of synthetic α-galactosylceramides as a family of powerful glycolipid agonists for iNKT cells has led to approaches for augmenting a wide variety of immune responses, including those involved in vaccination against infections and cancers. Here we review the basic background biology of iNKT cells that is relevant to their potential for improving immune responses, and summarize recent work supporting the further development of glycolipid activators of iNKT cells as a new class of vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Sharma Kharkwal
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Pooja Arora
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Shimizu K, Yamasaki S, Shinga J, Sato Y, Watanabe T, Ohara O, Kuzushima K, Yagita H, Komuro Y, Asakura M, Fujii SI. Systemic DC Activation Modulates the Tumor Microenvironment and Shapes the Long-Lived Tumor-Specific Memory Mediated by CD8+ T Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3756-66. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Favreau M, Vanderkerken K, Elewaut D, Venken K, Menu E. Does an NKT-cell-based immunotherapeutic approach have a future in multiple myeloma? Oncotarget 2016; 7:23128-40. [PMID: 26895468 PMCID: PMC5029615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells constitute a unique subset of innate-like T lymphocytes which differ from conventional T cells by recognizing lipid antigens presented by the non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I-like molecule CD1d. Despite being a relatively infrequent population of lymphocytes, NKT cells can respond rapidly upon activation with glycosphingolipids by production of cytokines which aim to polarize different axes of the immune system. Due to their dual effector capacities, NKT cells can play a vital role in cancer immunity, infection, inflammation and autoimmune diseases. It is believed that modulation of their activity towards immune activation can be a useful tool in anti-tumor immunotherapeutic strategies. Here we summarize the characteristics of NKT cells and discuss their involvement in immunosurveillance. Furthermore, an update is given about their role and the progress that has been made in the field of multiple myeloma (MM). Finally, some challenges are discussed that are currently hampering further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mérédis Favreau
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB Inflammation Research Center and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB Inflammation Research Center and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB Inflammation Research Center and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Jiang Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Yu B, Wang C, Liu C, Lu J, Chen F, Wang M, Yu X, Lin J, Pan X, Wang P, Zhu H. Altered Hepa1-6 cells by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treatment induce anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:9340-52. [PMID: 26824185 PMCID: PMC4891044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Our current research proposed an optional strategy of activating immune system involving in cancer immunotherapy. When being treated with 2% DMSO in culture medium, Hepa1-6 cells showed depressed proliferation with no significant apoptosis or decreased viability. D-hep cells, Hepa1-6 cells treated with DMSO for 7 days, could restore to the higher proliferation rate in DMSO-free medium, but alteration of gene expression profile was irreversible. Interestingly, tumors from D-hep cells, not Hepa1-6 cells, regressed in wild-type C57BL/6 mice whereas D-hep cells exhibited similar tumorigenesis as Hep1–6 cells in immunodeficient mice. As expected, additional Hepa1-6 cells failed to form tumors in the D-hep-C57 mice in which D-hep cells were eliminated. Further research confirmed that D-hep-C57 mice established anti-tumor immunity against Hepa1-6 cells. Our research proposed viable tumor cells with altered biological features by DMSO-treatment could induce anti-tumor immunity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Changcheng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lu
- Training Department, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Minjun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinlu Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- School of Clinic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, The Graduate School, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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17
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Abdelmegeed H, Nakamura T, Harashima H. In Vivo Inverse Correlation in the Activation of Natural Killer T Cells Through Dual-Signal Stimulation via a Combination of α-Galactosylceramide–Loaded Liposomes and Interleukin-12. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:250-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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He Q, Guo S, Qian Z, Chen X. Development of individualized anti-metastasis strategies by engineering nanomedicines. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6258-6286. [PMID: 26056688 PMCID: PMC4540626 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is deadly and also tough to treat as it is much more complicated than the primary tumour. Anti-metastasis approaches available so far are far from being optimal. A variety of nanomedicine formulae provide a plethora of opportunities for developing new strategies and means for tackling metastasis. It should be noted that individualized anti-metastatic nanomedicines are different from common anti-cancer nanomedicines as they specifically target different populations of malignant cells. This review briefly introduces the features of the metastatic cascade, and proposes a series of nanomedicine-based anti-metastasis strategies aiming to block each metastatic step. Moreover, we also concisely introduce the advantages of several promising nanoparticle platforms and their potential for constructing state-of-the-art individualized anti-metastatic nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Shengrong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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19
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Wen X, Kim S, Xiong R, Li M, Lawrenczyk A, Huang X, Chen SY, Rao P, Besra GS, Dellabona P, Casorati G, Porcelli SA, Akbari O, Exley MA, Yuan W. A Subset of CD8αβ+ Invariant NKT Cells in a Humanized Mouse Model. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:1459-69. [PMID: 26157173 PMCID: PMC4530047 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are unconventional innate-like T cells demonstrating potent antitumor function in conventional mouse models. However, the iNKT cell ligands have had limited efficacy in human antitumor clinical trials, mostly due to the profound differences in the properties and compositions of iNKT cells between the two species, including the presence of a CD8(+) subset of iNKT cells only in humans. To build reliable in vivo models for studying human iNKT cells, we recently developed the first humanized mouse model (hCD1d-KI) with human CD1d knocked in. To further humanize the mouse model, we now introduced the human invariant NKT TCRα-chain (Vα24Jα18) into the hCD1d-knockin mice. Similar to humans, this humanized mouse model developed a subset of CD8αβ(+) iNKT cells among other human-like iNKT subsets. The presence of the CD8αβ(+) iNKT cells in the thymus suggests that these cells developed in the thymus. In the periphery, these NKT cells showed a strong Th1-biased cytokine response and potent cytotoxicity for syngeneic tumor cells upon activation, as do human CD8αβ(+) iNKT cells. The low binding avidity of iNKT TCRs to the human CD1d/lipid complex and high prevalence of Vβ7 TCRβ among the CD8(+) iNKT cells strongly point to a low avidity-based developmental program for these iNKT cells, which included the suppression of Th-POK and upregulation of eomesodermin transcriptional factors. Our establishment of this extensively humanized mouse model phenotypically and functionally reflecting the human CD1d/iNKT TCR system will greatly facilitate the future design and optimization of iNKT cell-based immunotherapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1d/genetics
- Antigens, CD1d/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Animal
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshu Wen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Seil Kim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Ran Xiong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Michelle Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Agnieszka Lawrenczyk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Xue Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Ping Rao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Mark A Exley
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom; and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
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20
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Gottschalk C, Mettke E, Kurts C. The Role of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Dendritic Cell Licensing, Cross-Priming, and Memory CD8(+) T Cell Generation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:379. [PMID: 26284065 PMCID: PMC4517377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New vaccination strategies focus on achieving CD8+ T cell (CTL) immunity rather than on induction of protective antibody responses. While the requirement of CD4+ T (Th) cell help in dendritic cell (DC) activation and licensing, and in CTL memory induction has been described in several disease models, CTL responses may occur in a Th cell help-independent manner. Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) can substitute for Th cell help and license DC as well. iNKT cells produce a broad spectrum of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, thereby inducing a similar set of costimulatory molecules and cytokines in DC. This form of licensing differs from Th cell help by inducing other chemokines, while Th cell-licensed DCs produce CCR5 ligands, iNKT cell-licensed DCs produce CCL17, which attracts CCR4+ CD8+ T cells for subsequent activation. It has recently been shown that iNKT cells do not only enhance immune responses against bacterial pathogens or parasites but also play a role in viral infections. The inclusion of iNKT cell ligands in influenza virus vaccines enhanced memory CTL generation and protective immunity in a mouse model. This review will focus on the role of iNKT cells in the cross-talk with cross-priming DC and memory CD8+ T cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gottschalk
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mettke
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
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21
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Ma Y, Qu B, Xia X, Yang L, Kuang Y, Yang T, Cheng J, Sun H, Fan K, Gu J. Glioma-Derived Thrombospondin-1 Modulates Cd14+ Cell Tolerogenic Properties. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:152-7. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Zanetti M. Tapping CD4 T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy: The Choice of Personalized Genomics. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2049-56. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Robertson FC, Berzofsky JA, Terabe M. NKT cell networks in the regulation of tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2014; 5:543. [PMID: 25389427 PMCID: PMC4211539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells lie at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems and are important mediators of immune responses and tumor immunosurveillance. These NKT cells uniquely recognize lipid antigens, and their rapid yet specific reactions influence both innate and adaptive immunity. In tumor immunity, two NKT subsets (type I and type II) have contrasting roles in which they not only cross-regulate one another, but also impact innate immune cell populations, including natural killer, dendritic, and myeloid lineage cells, as well as adaptive populations, especially CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The extent to which NKT cells promote or suppress surrounding cells affects the host’s ability to prevent neoplasia and is consequently of great interest for therapeutic development. Data have shown the potential for therapeutic use of NKT cell agonists and synergy with immune response modifiers in both pre-clinical studies and preliminary clinical studies. However, there is room to improve treatment efficacy by further elucidating the biological mechanisms underlying NKT cell networks. Here, we discuss the progress made in understanding NKT cell networks, their consequent role in the regulation of tumor immunity, and the potential to exploit that knowledge in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith C Robertson
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
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24
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Macho-Fernandez E, Cruz LJ, Ghinnagow R, Fontaine J, Bialecki E, Frisch B, Trottein F, Faveeuw C. Targeted delivery of α-galactosylceramide to CD8α+ dendritic cells optimizes type I NKT cell-based antitumor responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:961-9. [PMID: 24913977 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy aiming at enhancing innate and acquired host immunity is a promising approach for cancer treatment. The invariant NKT (iNKT) cell ligand α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) holds great promise in cancer therapy, although several concerns limit its use in clinics, including the uncontrolled response it promotes when delivered in a nonvectorized form. Therefore, development of delivery systems to in vivo target immune cells might be a valuable option to optimize iNKT cell-based antitumor responses. Using dendritic cell (DC)-depleted mice, DC transfer experiments, and in vivo active cell targeting, we show that presentation of α-GalCer by DCs not only triggers optimal primary iNKT cell stimulation, but also maintains secondary iNKT cell activation after challenge. Furthermore, targeted delivery of α-GalCer to CD8α(+) DCs, by means of anti-DEC205 decorated nanoparticles, enhances iNKT cell-based transactivation of NK cells, DCs, and γδ T cells. We report that codelivery of α-GalCer and protein Ag to CD8α(+) DCs triggers optimal Ag-specific Ab and cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell responses. Finally, we show that targeting nanoparticles containing α-GalCer and Ag to CD8α(+) DCs promotes potent antitumor responses, both in prophylactic and in therapeutic settings. Our data may have important implications in tumor immunotherapy and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Macho-Fernandez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8204, F-59021 Lille, France; INSERM, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France; Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Luis Javier Cruz
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Reem Ghinnagow
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8204, F-59021 Lille, France; INSERM, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France; Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Josette Fontaine
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8204, F-59021 Lille, France; INSERM, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France; Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Bialecki
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8204, F-59021 Lille, France; INSERM, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France; Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Frisch
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7199, Université de Strasbourg, F-67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - François Trottein
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8204, F-59021 Lille, France; INSERM, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France; Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France;
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8204, F-59021 Lille, France; INSERM, U1019, F-59019 Lille, France; Institut Fédératif de Recherche 142, F-59019 Lille, France
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