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Wang Y, Zou Y, Jiang Q, Li W, Chai X, Zhao T, Liu S, Yuan Z, Yu C, Wang T. Ox-LDL-induced CD80 + macrophages expand pro-atherosclerotic NKT cells via CD1d in atherosclerotic mice and hyperlipidemic patients. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38586879 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00043.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of blood vessels involving the immune system. Natural killer T (NKT) cells, as crucial components of the innate and acquired immune systems, play critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism and clinical relevance of NKT cells in early atherosclerosis are largely unclear. Our findings demonstrated that there were higher populations of NKT cells and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-producing NKT cells in the peripheral blood of patients with hyperlipidemia and in the aorta, blood, spleen, and bone marrow of early atherosclerotic mice compared to control groups. Moreover, we discovered that the infiltration of M1 macrophages and CD1d expression on M1 macrophages in atherosclerotic mice climbed remarkably. CD1d expression increased in M1 macrophages stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) ex vivo and in vitro. Ex vivo co-culture of macrophages with NKT cells revealed that ox-LDL-induced M1 macrophages presented lipid antigen alpha-galactosylceramide (α-Galcer) to NKT cells via CD1d, enabling NKT cells to express more IFN-γ. Furthermore, a greater proportion of CD1d+monocytes and CD1d+M1 monocytes were found in peripheral blood of hyperlipidemic patients compared with that of healthy donors. Positive correlations were found between CD1d+ M1 monocytes and NKT cells or IFN-γ+ NKT cells in hyperlipidemic patients. Our findings illustrate that M1 macrophages stimulate NKT cells to secret IFN-γ via CD1d presenting α-Galcer, which may accelerate the progression of early atherosclerosis. Inhibiting lipid antigen presentation by M1 macrophages to NKT cells may be a promising immune target for the treatment of early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yao Zou
- Chongqing Medical University, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Siyi Liu
- Chongqing Medical University, China
| | | | - Chao Yu
- Chongqing Medical University, chongqing, China
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Chen SL, Liu XY, Huang JH, Xian LH, Li XS, Wang KR, Li J, Zhang TC, Huang GG, Liu XQ, Zeng HK, Zhou MH, Jiang WQ. The expression of CD86 in CD3 +CD56 + NKT cells is associated with the occurrence and prognosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in sepsis patients: a prospective observational cohort study. Immunol Res 2023; 71:929-940. [PMID: 37405561 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of CD3+CD56+ natural killer T (NKT) cells and its co-signaling molecules in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is unknown. In this prospective observational cohort study, we initially recruited 260 septic patients and eventually analyzed 90 patients, of whom 57 were in the SAE group and 37 were in the non-SAE group. Compared to the non-SAE group, 28-day mortality was significantly increased in the SAE group (33.3% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.026), while the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD86 in CD3+CD56+ NKT cells was significantly lower (2065.8 (1625.5 ~ 3198.8) vs. 3117.8 (2278.1 ~ 5349), p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis showed that MFI of CD86 in NKT cells, APACHE II score, and serum albumin were independent risk factors for SAE. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the mortality rate was significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (χ2 = 14.779, p < 0.001). This study showed that the decreased expression of CD86 in CD3+CD56+ NKT cells is an independent risk factor of SAE; thus, a prediction model including MFI of CD86 in NKT cells, APACHE II score, and serum albumin can be constructed for diagnosing SAE and predicting prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Long Chen
- Department of Emergency&Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Emergency&Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Hong Huang
- Department of Emergency&Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lu-Hua Xian
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Li
- Department of Emergency&Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang-Rong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Emergency&Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tian-Cao Zhang
- Department of Emergency&Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Ge Huang
- Department of Emergency&Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Liu
- Department of Emergency&Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Ke Zeng
- Department of Emergency&Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mao-Hua Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen-Qiang Jiang
- Department of Emergency&Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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3
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Chen N, Dai Y, Li H, Long X, Ke J, Zhang J, Sun H, Gao F, Lin H, Yan Q. Increased ILT2 + natural killer T cells correlate with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:3113-3121. [PMID: 37695380 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous immune cell types, such as B and T lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK), and NKT cells, are related to the pathogenesis of diseases in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our goal in this investigation is to examine the phenotype of NK cells and NKT cells alterations in individuals with SLE. METHODS Typically, 50 SLE patients and 24 age-matched healthy people had their PBMCs obtained. Employing flow cytometry, the phenotype of NK and NKT cells and immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT2) expressions were identified. ELISA was utilized to evaluate the amounts of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and sHLA-G in the serum. RESULTS The frequencies of the circulating NK and NKT cells in individuals with SLE were decreased compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, ILT2 expression was significantly increased in NKT cells, but showed no obvious change in NK cells. Clinical severity and active nephritis were substantially associated with ILT2+ NKT cell frequencies. The correlation study showed that the upregulation of ILT2 expression was related to sHLA-G in plasma but not to IL-15. CONCLUSIONS ILT2+ NKT cells have a vital function in the immune abnormalities of SLE, which can also supply a viable goal for therapeutic intervention. Key Points •ILT2 expression was significantly increased in NKT cells in SLE patients. •ILT2+ NKT cell frequencies were associated with clinical severity which may be used as an indicator for evaluating disease activity in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yijun Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianming Long
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Ke
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiuyun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - He Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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Park KJ, Jin HM, Cho YN, Yoon JH, Kee SJ, Kim HS, Park YW. Altered Frequency, Activation, and Clinical Relevance of Circulating Innate and Innate-Like Lymphocytes in Patients With Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e22. [PMID: 37416928 PMCID: PMC10320422 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is caused by chronic alcohol overconsumption and might be linked to dysregulated immune responses in the gut-liver axis. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on levels and functions of innate lymphocytes including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, NKT cells, and NK (NK) cells in ALC patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the levels and function of these cells, evaluate their clinical relevance, and explore their immunologic roles in the pathogenesis of ALC. Peripheral blood samples from ALC patients (n = 31) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 31) were collected. MAIT cells, NKT cells, NK cells, cytokines, CD69, PD-1, and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Percentages and numbers of circulating MAIT cells, NKT cells, and NK cells were significantly reduced in ALC patients than in HCs. MAIT cell exhibited increased production of IL-17 and expression levels of CD69, PD-1, and LAG-3. NKT cells displayed decreased production of IFN-γ and IL-4. NK cells showed elevated CD69 expression. Absolute MAIT cell levels were positively correlated with lymphocyte count but negatively correlated with C-reactive protein. In addition, NKT cell levels were negatively correlated with hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, log-transformed absolute MAIT cell levels were negatively correlated with the Age, Bilirubin, INR, and Creatinine score. This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells, NKT cells, and NK cells are numerically deficient in ALC patients, and the degree of cytokine production and activation status also changed. Besides, some of their deficiencies are related to several clinical parameters. These findings provide important information about immune responses of ALC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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5
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Mazinani M, Rahbarizadeh F. New cell sources for CAR-based immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2023; 11:49. [PMID: 37147740 PMCID: PMC10163725 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, in which a patient's own T lymphocytes are engineered to recognize and kill cancer cells, has achieved striking success in some hematological malignancies in preclinical and clinical trials, resulting in six FDA-approved CAR-T products currently available in the market. Despite impressive clinical outcomes, concerns about treatment failure associated with low efficacy or high cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells remain. While the main focus has been on improving CAR-T cells, exploring alternative cellular sources for CAR generation has garnered growing interest. In the current review, we comprehensively evaluated other cell sources rather than conventional T cells for CAR generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mazinani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
- Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Shojaei Z, Jafarpour R, Mehdizadeh S, Bayatipoor H, Pashangzadeh S, Motallebnezhad M. Functional prominence of natural killer cells and natural killer T cells in pregnancy and infertility: A comprehensive review and update. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154062. [PMID: 35987030 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, complicated connections are formed between a mother and a fetus. In a successful pregnancy, the maternal-fetal interface is affected by dynamic changes, and the fetus is protected against the mother's immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the immune system cells in the female reproductive system that play an essential role in the physiology of pregnancy. NK cells not only exist in peripheral blood (PB) but also can exist in the decidua. Studies have suggested multiple roles for these cells, including decidualization, control of trophoblast growth and invasion, embryo acceptance and maintenance by the mother, and facilitation of placental development during pregnancy. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are another group of NK cells that play a crucial role in the maintenance of pregnancy and regulation of the immune system during pregnancy. Studies show that NK and NKT cells are not only effective in maintaining pregnancy but also can be involved in infertility-related diseases. This review focuses on NK and NKT cells biology and provides a detailed description of the functions of these cells in implantation, placentation, and immune tolerance during pregnancy and their role in pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Shojaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Jafarpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Mehdizadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hashem Bayatipoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Pashangzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Cao H, Wu L, Tian X, Zheng W, Yuan M, Li X, Tian X, Wang Y, Song H, Shen Z. HO-1/BMMSC perfusion using a normothermic machine perfusion system reduces the acute rejection of DCD liver transplantation by regulating NKT cell co-inhibitory receptors in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:587. [PMID: 34819139 PMCID: PMC8611848 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver transplantation (LT) is required in many end-stage liver diseases. Donation after cardiac death (DCD) livers are often used, and treatment of acute rejection (ACR) requires the use of immunosuppressive drugs that are associated with complications. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are used in treatment following LT; however, they have limitations, including low colonization in the liver. An optimized BMMSC application method is required to suppress ACR. Methods BMMSCs were isolated and modified with the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) gene. HO-1/BMMSCs were perfused into donor liver in vitro using a normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) system, followed by LT into rats. The severity of ACR was evaluated based on liver histopathology. Gene chip technology was used to detect differential gene expression, and flow cytometry to analyze changes in natural killer (NK) T cells. Results NMP induced BMMSCs to colonize the donor liver during in vitro preservation. The survival of HO-1/BMMSCs in liver grafts was significantly longer than that of unmodified BMMSCs. When the donor liver contained HO-1/BMMSCs, the local immunosuppressive effect was improved and prolonged, ACR was controlled, and survival time was significantly prolonged. The application of HO-1/BMMSCs reduced the number of NKT cells in liver grafts, increased the expression of NKT cell co-inhibitory receptors, and reduced NKT cell expression of interferon-γ. Conclusions NK cell and CD8+ T cell activation was inhibited by application of HO-1/BMMSCs, which reduced ACR of transplanted liver. This approach could be developed to enhance the success rate of LT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02647-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cao
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Longlong Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Tian
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengshu Yuan
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Tian
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Shi LN, Zhou Y, Wu C, Huang W, Yuan F, Chen J, Wu Z, Tu W, Chen H, Chen Q, Zhu M, Peng H, Yang Y, Tang H. LIGHT of pulmonary NKT cells annihilates tissue protective alveolar macrophages in augmenting severe influenza pneumonia. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2124-34. [PMID: 36654270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes with protective or pathogenic roles in the development of influenza pneumonia. Here, we show that lung-infiltrated and activated NKT cells are the major cellular source of LIGHT/TNFSF14, which determines the severity of pulmonary pneumonia by highly deteriorative influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Compared to wild-type mice, LIGHT-/- mice exhibit much lower morbidity and mortality to IAV, due to alleviated lung damage and reduced apoptosis of alveolar macrophages (AMs). LIGHT preferentially promotes cell death of lymphotoxin β receptors positive (LTβR+) AMs but not herpesvirus entry mediator positive (HVEM+) AMs. Therefore, these results suggest that NKT-derived LIGHT augments cell death of the tissue protective AMs in exacerbating lung pathology and susceptibility to fatal influenza infection. Suppression of LIGHT signaling might be a viable option in the treatment of influenza-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Abstract
The eye is regarded as an immune privileged site. Since the presence of a vasculature would impair vision, the vasculature of the eye is located outside of the central light path. As a result, many regions of the eye evolved mechanisms to deliver immune cells to sites of dysgenesis, injury, or in response to the many age-related pathologies. While the purpose of these immune responses is reparative or protective, cytokines released by immune cells compromise visual acuity by inducing inflammation and fibrosis. The response to traumatic or pathological injury is distinct in different regions of the eye. Age-related diseases impact both the anterior and posterior segment and lead to reduced quality of life and blindness. Here we focus attention on the role that inflammation and fibrosis play in the progression of age-related pathologies of the cornea and the lens as well as in glaucoma, the formation of epiretinal membranes, and in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Key Words
- 2ryERM
- A T-helper cell that expresses high levels of IL-17 which can suppress T-regulatory cell function
- A cytokine expressed early during inflammation that attracts neutrophils
- A cytokine expressed early during inflammation that attracts neutrophils, sometimes referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1))
- A mouse model that lacks functional T and B cells and used to study the immune response
- A pigmented mouse strain used for research and known to mount a primarily Th1 response to infection
- A protein encoded by the ADGRE1 gene that, in mice, is expressed primarily on macrophages
- A strain of pigmented mice used in glaucoma research
- ACAID
- APCs
- ASC
- An albino mouse strain used for research and known to mount a primarily Th2 response to infection
- Antigen Presenting Cells, this class includes dendritic cells and monocytes
- BALB/c
- BM
- C57BL6
- CCL2
- CD45
- CNS
- CXCL1
- Central Nervous System
- Cluster of differentiation 45 antigen
- DAMPs
- DBA/2J
- EBM
- ECM
- EMT
- ERM
- Epithelial Basement Membrane
- F4/80
- FGF2
- HA =hyaluronic acid
- HSK
- HSP
- HSPGs
- HSV
- ICN
- IL-20
- IL6
- ILM
- IOP
- Inner (or internal) limiting membrane
- Interleukin 6
- Interleukin-20
- MAGP1
- MHC-II
- Major histocompatibility complex type II, a class of MHC proteins typically found only on APCs
- Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 1
- N-cad
- N-cadherin
- NEI
- NK
- National Eye Institute
- Natural killer T cells
- PCO
- PDGF
- PDR
- PVD
- PVR
- Platelet derived growth factor
- Posterior capsular opacification
- RGC
- RPE
- RRD
- Rag1-/-
- Retinal ganglion cells
- Retinal pigment epithelial cells
- SMAD
- Sons of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic, SMADs are a class of molecules that mediate TGF and bone morphogenetic protein signaling
- T-helper cell 1 response, proinflammatory adaptive response involving interferon gamma and associated with autoimmunity
- T-helper cell 2 response involving IgE and interleukins 4,5, and 13, also induces the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 family cytokines
- T-regulatory cell
- TG
- TGF1
- TM
- TNF
- Th1
- Th17
- Th2
- Transforming growth factor 1
- Treg
- Tumor necrosis factor a cytokine produced during inflammation
- VEGF
- Vascular endothelial growth factor
- WHO
- World Health Organization
- anterior chamber immune deviation
- anterior subcapsular cataracts
- basement membrane
- damage-associated molecular patterns
- epiretinal membrane
- epiretinal membrane secondary to disease pathology
- epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- extracellular matrix
- fibroblast growth factor 2, also referred to as basic FGF
- heat shock protein
- heparan sulfate proteoglycans
- herpes simplex virus
- herpes stromal keratitis
- iERM
- idiopathic epiretinal membrane
- intraepithelial corneal nerves
- intraocular pressure
- mTOR
- mechanistic target of rapamycin, a protein kinase encoded by the MTOR genes that regulates a variety of signal transduction events including cell growth, autophagy and actin cytoskeleton
- posterior vitreous detachment
- proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- proliferative vitreoretinopathy
- rhegmatogenous (rupture, tear) retinal detachment
- trabecular meshwork
- trigeminal ganglion
- αSMA
- α−Smooth muscle actin, a class of actin expressed in mesenchymal cells
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10
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Zhou D, Xia C, Wang PG, Li Z, Zhang W, Ni G, Cheng J. Genetic Studies of Natural Glycosphingolipid Ligands for NKT Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2388:13-25. [PMID: 34524658 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1775-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSL) are natural ligands of NKT cells. Several laboratories have reported the in vitro activity of isoglobotriosylceramide (iGb3) in stimulating NKT cells. However, the knockout mice of iGb3 synthase showed no deficiency in development and function of NKT cells. There is a lack of knowledge on the genetics of redundant natural glycosphingolipid ligands. We have identified additional glycosphingolipid with stimulatory activity to NKT cells, including fucosyl lactosylceramide (H antigen). Here we describe the procedures to generate mice with deficiencies in Fut1, Fut2, and Sec1 genes to deplete H antigen through BAC engineering for the generation of ES cell-targeting construct, as well as the mice with deficiency of both blood group H-GSL ligand and isoglobotriosylceramide.
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11
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Gao Y, Guo J, Bao X, Xiong F, Ma Y, Tan B, Yu L, Zhao Y, Lu J. Adoptive Transfer of Autologous Invariant Natural Killer T Cells as Immunotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Phase I Clinical Trial. Oncologist 2021; 26:e1919-e1930. [PMID: 34255901 PMCID: PMC8571770 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lessons Learned Administration of autologous invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells was safe and well‐tolerated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B/C). Expanded iNKT cells produced T‐helper 1–like responses with possible antitumor activity. No severe adverse events were observed in any of the enrolled patients, including one patient who received 1010 in vitro–expanded autologous iNKT cells as a single infusion.
Background Invariant natural killer T cells co‐express T‐cell antigen receptor and natural killer (NK) cell receptors. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exhibit antitumor activity, but their numbers and functions are impaired in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The adoptive transfer of iNKT cells might treat advanced HCC. Methods This phase I study (NCT03175679) enrolled 10 patients with HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC] stage B/C) at Beijing YouAn Hospital (April 2017 to May 2018). iNKT cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were expanded and alpha‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer)–pulsed. Dosage escalated from 3 × 107 to 6 × 107 to 9 × 107 cells/m2 (3+3 design). An exploratory dose trial (1 × 1010 cells/m2) was conducted in one patient. Results Expanded iNKT cells produced greater quantities of T‐helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (e.g., interferon‐gamma, perforin, and granzyme B) but less interleukin‐4 than nonexpanded iNKT cells. Circulating numbers of iNKT cells and activated NK cells were increased after iNKT cell infusion. Most treatment‐related adverse events were grade 1–2, and three grade 3 adverse events were reported; all resolved without treatment. Four patients were progression‐free at 5.5, 6, 7, and 11 months after therapy, and one patient was alive and without tumor recurrence at the last follow‐up. Five patients died at 1.5 to 11 months after treatment. Conclusion Autologous iNKT cell treatment is safe and well‐tolerated. Expanded iNKT cells produce Th1‐like responses with possible antitumor activity. The antitumor effects of iNKT cell infusion in patients with advanced HCC merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Guo
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuli Bao
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanpin Ma
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqin Tan
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Yu
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Taher NAB, Kelly LA, Al-Harbi AI, O'Dea MI, Zareen Z, Ryan E, Molloy EJ, Doherty DG. Altered distributions and functions of natural killer T cells and γδ T cells in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy, in school-age children at follow-up, and in children with cerebral palsy. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 356:577597. [PMID: 33964735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We enumerated conventional and innate lymphocyte populations in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy (NE), school-age children post-NE, children with cerebral palsy and age-matched controls. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrate alterations in circulating T, B and natural killer cell numbers. Invariant natural killer T cell and Vδ2+ γδ T cell numbers and frequencies were strikingly higher in neonates with NE, children post-NE and children with cerebral palsy compared to age-matched controls, whereas mucosal-associated invariant T cells and Vδ1 T cells were depleted from children with cerebral palsy. Upon stimulation ex vivo, T cells, natural killer cells and Vδ2 T cells from neonates with NE more readily produced inflammatory cytokines than their counterparts from healthy neonates, suggesting that they were previously primed or activated. Thus, innate and conventional lymphocytes are numerically and functionally altered in neonates with NE and these changes may persist into school-age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal A B Taher
- Discipline of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lynne A Kelly
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alhanouf I Al-Harbi
- Discipline of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary I O'Dea
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Paediatrics, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght & Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland; Paediatrics, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zunera Zareen
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer Ryan
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Paediatrics, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght & Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Paediatrics, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght & Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland; Paediatrics, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek G Doherty
- Discipline of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Choi JP, Woo YD, Losol P, Kim SH, Chang YS. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin production in DN32.D3 invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell line and primary mouse liver iNKT cells. Asia Pac Allergy 2021; 11:e10. [PMID: 33604280 PMCID: PMC7870374 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2021.11.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are known as the fast responder in allergic inflammation and the source of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and interferon-gamma. Absence of iNKT cells down-regulated thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) production at the early stage of type 2 immune responses in the airway. However, it has not been reported whether iNKT cells are able to produce TSLP via stimulation of T-cell receptor (TCR). Objective We aimed to evaluate TSLP production from iNKT cells by TCR specific stimulations with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and α-galactoceramide (α-GalCer). Methods DN32.D3 iNKT cell line was stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies, and TSLP production was measured in culture supernatants. Next, to confirm the TSLP production in primary mouse iNKT cells, the cells were sorted using α-GalCer-CD1d tetramer from mouse liver, and stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and α-GalCer. Then, cytokine productions were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results TCR specific stimulation in DN32.D3 cells induced TSLP production as well as signature cytokines of iNKT cells. On the other hand, isolated primary mouse iNKT cells from liver did not show any induction of TSLP by TCR specific stimulations including anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and α-GalCer, on the contrary to other cytokines. Conclusion This study suggested the possibility of TSLP production in iNKT cells, especially from DN32.D3 although primary mouse liver iNKT cells showed a different result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Pyo Choi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yeon Duk Woo
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Purevsuren Losol
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Jo YG, Kim JC, Jin HM, Cho YN, Kee SJ, Park YW. Natural Killer T Cells Are Numerically and Functionally Deficient in Patients with Trauma. J Innate Immun 2020; 12:344-354. [PMID: 32450553 DOI: 10.1159/000504324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4. This study examined the frequency and function of NKT cells in trauma patients. Frequencies, proliferative responses to α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), and Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion levels of NKT cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from trauma patients and healthy controls (HC) were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating NKT cell levels were significantly reduced in trauma patients. Proliferation and IFN-γ production of circulating NKT cells in response to α-GalCer were markedly decreased in trauma patients. CD69 expression levels produced by NKT cells were significantly upregulated in trauma patients compared to those in HC. In addition, annexin V+ NKT cells were profoundly increased in trauma patients after α-GalCer stimulation. Trauma patients had higher plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α compared to HC. In particular, the proliferative response of NKT cells to α-GalCer was significantly decreased in the presence of these cytokines. Such decrease was partially recovered after treatment with blocking antibodies against these cytokines. This study demonstrates that circulating NKT cells are numerically deficient and functionally impaired in IFN-γ production in trauma patients. These findings provide an important insight into the trauma-related innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Goun Jo
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Chul Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,
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Wang ZD, Zhang Y, Dai YD, Ren K, Han C, Wang HX, Yi SQ. Tamarix chinensis Lour inhibits chronic ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1286-1297. [PMID: 32256017 PMCID: PMC7109270 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i12.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamarix chinensis Lour (TCL) is a shrub that usually grows in arid or semiarid desert areas and saline-alkali fields. It is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor activities.
AIM To investigate the possible protective effects of TCL against liver injury induced by chronic ethanol intake.
METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were fed a Lieber-DeCarli lipid diet containing alcohol and received (by gavage) a water-alcohol extract (80%) of TCL (100 and 200 mg/kg BW) or distilled water for 4 wk. After euthanasia, liver tissues were observed histologically with hematoxylin and eosin staining and Oil red O staining, and the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, hepatic lipids, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase were measured. In addition, expression of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and downstream proinflammatory cytokines were determined.
RESULTS Compared with the ethanol group, mice in the TCL-treated group (200 mg/kg) had significantly lower serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (mean, 34.1 IU/L vs 45.3 IU/L, P < 0.01) and aspartate transaminase (mean, 89.6 IU/L vs 115.7 IU/L, P < 0.01), as well as marked reduction of hepatic tissue reactive oxygen species (decreased by 27.5%, P < 0.01) and malondialdehyde (decreased by 76.6%, P < 0.01) levels, with a significant increase of superoxide dismutase (Increased by 73.2%, P < 0.01). Expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6], and recruitment of natural killer T cells to the liver, were reduced in the TCL-treated incubation with a Lieber-DeCaril ethanol lipid diet group.
CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a TCL extract (200 mg/kg) protects against chronic ethanol-induced liver injury, probably by inhibiting the NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1β signaling pathway and suppressing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dan Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Dan Dai
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Ke Ren
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Chen Han
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong Province, China
| | - Heng-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuang-Qin Yi
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
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López S, García-Serrano S, Gutierrez-Repiso C, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Ho-Plagaro A, Santiago-Fernandez C, Alba G, Cejudo-Guillen M, Rodríguez-Cañete A, Valdes S, Garrido-Sanchez L, Pozo D, García-Fuentes E. Tissue-Specific Phenotype and Activation of iNKT Cells in Morbidly Obese Subjects: Interaction with Adipocytes and Effect of Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2019; 28:2774-2782. [PMID: 29619756 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune response of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obesity, in particular the role of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, has not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To characterize iNKT cells and its activation status in VAT and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in morbidly obese subjects (MO), and to analyze their association with metabolic parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty non-obese and 20 MO subjects underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and were studied before and 6 months after RYGB. VAT and PBMC were obtained. RESULTS A decrease in VAT iNKT cells from MO was found, however, not in PBMC. Visceral adipocytes from MO presented increased CD1d expression (p = 0.032). MO presented an increase in early activated CD69+ iNKT cells in PBMC before RYGB (p < 0.001), but not after RYGB nor in VAT, and an increase in later activated CD25+ iNKT in VAT (p = 0.046), without differences in PBMC. The co-expression of early and later markers (CD69+CD25+) in iNKT cells was increased in MO in VAT (p = 0.050) and PBMC (p = 0.006), decreasing after RYGB (p = 0.050). CD69+ iNKT and CD69+CD25+ iNKT cells in PBMC after RYGB correlated negatively with glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance levels. CONCLUSIONS There is a tissue-specific phenotype and activation of iNKT cells in VAT in morbid obesity, which could be involved in VAT immunometabolism dysregulation. Also, the increase in CD1d expression could be to offset the lack of VAT iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad López
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Seville, Spain. .,CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CSIC-University of Seville-UPO-Junta de Andalucia), Seville, Spain. .,Dpto. Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Sara García-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Malaga, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutierrez-Repiso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Santiago-Fernandez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Alba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Cejudo-Guillen
- CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CSIC-University of Seville-UPO-Junta de Andalucia), Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Cañete
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, Malaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Valdes
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sanchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
| | - David Pozo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Seville, Spain.,CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CSIC-University of Seville-UPO-Junta de Andalucia), Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain. .,Laboratorio de Investigación, Hospital Civil, Plaza del Hospital Civil s/n, 29009, Malaga, Spain.
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Paul S, Chhatar S, Mishra A, Lal G. Natural killer T cell activation increases iNOS +CD206 - M1 macrophage and controls the growth of solid tumor. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:208. [PMID: 31387637 PMCID: PMC6685184 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NKT cells play an important role in anti-tumor immunity. Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a synthetic glycolipid is presented to natural killer T (NKT) cells by most antigen-presenting cells through CD1d molecules leading to activation of NKT cells. However, the precise mechanisms of how α-GalCer-activated NKT regulate the polarization of the macrophages and effector T cells in the solid tumor are not studied adequately. Methods We induced solid tumor in C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous injection of B16F10 cell line (1 X 106 cells) and monitored the tumor growth. Animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of α-GalCer (2 μg/injection) in 200 μl PBS on day + 1, + 5, + 10, + 15, and + 20 (with respect to tumor cell injection). Immune cells were characterized using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. NK cells, Gr1+ cells, and F4/80+ macrophages in the mice were depleted by intravenous injection of cell-specific antibodies. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA. Results Our results showed that intratumoral NKT cells have a lower frequency of CD69, CD25, CD122, and IFN-γR expression; produced less inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF; higher frequency CD62L+ NKT cells; and also showed reduced proliferation as compared to the splenic NKT cells. Mice treated with α-GalCer showed a significantly increased frequency of IFN-γ-producing NKT cells, CD8+ T cells, and effector Th1 cells. Depletion of NK cells in α-GalCer-treated mice showed a lower frequency of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor and prevented the α-GalCer-induced tumor growth. NKT cell activation with α-GalCer treatment significantly increased the iNOS+CD206− M1-macrophages and reduced the iNOS−CD206+ M2-macrophages in the spleen and tumor, and depletion of F4/80+ macrophages prevented the α-GalCer-induced reduction in the tumor growth. Conclusions We showed that activation of NKT cell with α-GalCer modulates the frequency of M1-macrophages and effector Th1 cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues and tumor microenvironment and inhibit tumor growth. The finding suggests that activation of NKT cells with α-GalCer may provide an effective anti-cancer outcome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0697-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Sushanta Chhatar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India.
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Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that recognize a wide variety of lipid antigens presented by the atypical MHC class I molecule CD1d. NKT cells exhibit rapid activation after recognition of cognate antigens, secrete abundant amounts of T helper (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines within hours of activation and shape the immune response through subsequent activation of dendritic, NK, T, and B cells. NKT cells therefore play central roles in antimicrobial and anticancer immunity and in the modulation of various autoimmune disorders. Consequently, recent research has focused on the discovery of microbial and self-antigens involved in NKT cell activation. In this chapter, we will discuss different strategies for studying antigen recognition by NKT cells including CD1d tetramer-based approaches and in vitro assays characterizing NKT cell activation in response to lipid antigen presentation. While Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and cytokines such as IL-12 are critical for NKT cell activation in vivo, particularly in the context of microbial infection, methods for detection of TLR- and cytokine-dependent NKT cell activation will not be discussed in this section.
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Liu J, Dong P, Wang S, Li J. Natural killer, natural killer T, helper and cytotoxic T cells in the decidua from recurrent spontaneous abortion with normal and abnormal chromosome karyotypes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:354-360. [PMID: 30503343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is associated with immune imbalance at the maternal-fetal interface. Decidual immune cells and cytokines expressed at this interface regulate the response of the maternal immune system to the fetus. However, the populations and cytokine expression levels of these lymphocytes in miscarriage with normal and abnormal chromosome karyotypes remain unclear. METHODS We assessed the populations and cytokine expression levels of Natural Killer (NK), Natural Killer T (NKT), Helper T (Th) and Cytotoxic T (Tc) cells in the decidua of RSA by flow cytometry and simultaneously analyzed the fetal chromosome karyotypes of these miscarriages. RESULTS Flow cytometry showed no significant difference between RSA and normal pregnancy in the percentages of Th, Tc, NK, and NKT cells. Type-1 cells decreased significantly in the decidua of normal pregnancy, and NK2 and NKT2 cells increased significantly in the normal pregnancy group. We also found no difference in the lymphocyte composition and the proportion of types 1 and 2 subsets of the four lymphocytes in the decidua between RSA with abnormal chromosome karyotypes of villous trophoblasts (RSA-A) and RSA with normal chromosome karyotypes of villous trophoblasts (RSA-N), but the proportion of type-1 cells in both groups was significantly higher than that in normal pregnancy. CONCLUSION No difference existed between the type-1 immune response of RSA in normal and abnormal chromosome karyotypes of villous trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Wang SX, Yang CL, Zhang M, Zhang P, Liu RT, Zhang N, Yang B, Li XL, Dou YC, Duan RS. Sulfatides ameliorate experimental autoimmune neuritis by suppressing Th1/Th17 cells. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 326:55-61. [PMID: 30481614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfatides have immunomodulatory functions, and play protective roles in multiple autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we showed that sulfatides ameliorated experimental autoimmune neuritis in Lewis rats induced with bovine peripheral myelin, which was associated with decreased proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells. Furthermore, compared control group, cells from sulfatide-treated rats exhibited lower potential in proliferation and IL-17 secretion in the presence of BPM or ConA in vitro. Moreover, sulfatides also reduced the proportions of NK and NKT cells. In summary, our study indicated that sulfatides might become a new therapeutic agent in Guillain-Barré syndrome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong 252600, PR China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ru-Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ying-Chun Dou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Rui-Sheng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
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Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both innate immunity and adaptive immunity are aberrant in IBD. The pathogenesis of UC includes abnormal inflammation and immune responses of the digestive tract. Natural killer T (NKT) cells participate in the innate and adaptive immune responses, together with a vast array of cytokines. Recent studies suggested that IL-13, IL5 and IL-4 are involved in the occurrence and the development of UC. Manipulating NKT cells may be a potential strategy to reconstruct the abnormal immune responses in UC. In this review, we explore the roles of NKT cells and cytokines in UC. Additionally, neutralizing antibodies and inhibitors of cytokines produced by NKT cells or their receptors are also discussed as novel therapeutic choices for UC.
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22
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Sainz V, Moura LI, Peres C, Matos AI, Viana AS, Wagner AM, Vela Ramirez JE, S. Barata T, Gaspar M, Brocchini S, Zloh M, Peppas NA, Satchi-Fainaro R, F. Florindo H. α-Galactosylceramide and peptide-based nano-vaccine synergistically induced a strong tumor suppressive effect in melanoma. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:193-207. [PMID: 29940370 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosylceramide (GalCer) is a glycolipid widely known as an activator of Natural killer T (NKT) cells, constituting a promising adjuvant against cancer, including melanoma. However, limited clinical outcomes have been obtained so far. This study evaluated the synergy between GalCer and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II melanoma-associated peptide antigens and the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) ligands CpG and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), which we intended to maximize following their co-delivery by a nanoparticle (NP). This is expected to improve GalCer capture by dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequent presentation to NKT cells, simultaneously inducing an anti-tumor specific T-cell mediated immunity. The combination of GalCer with melanoma peptides and TLR ligands successfully restrained tumor growth. The tumor volume in these animals was 5-fold lower than the ones presented by mice immunized with NPs not containing GalCer. However, tumor growth was controlled at similar levels by GalCer entrapped or in its soluble form, when mixed with antigens and TLR ligands. Those two groups showed an improved infiltration of T lymphocytes into the tumor, but only GalCer-loaded nano-vaccine induced a prominent and enhanced infiltration of NKT and NK cells. In addition, splenocytes of these animals secreted levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 at least 1.5-fold and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those treated with the mixture of antigens and adjuvants in solution. Overall, the combined delivery of the NKT agonist with TLR ligands and melanoma antigens via this multivalent nano-vaccine displayed a synergistic anti-tumor immune-mediated efficacy in B16F10 melanoma mouse model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Combination of α-galactosylceramide (GalCer), a Natural Killer T (NKT) cell agonist, with melanoma-associated antigens presented by MHC class I (Melan-A:26) and MHC class II (gp100:44) molecules, and Toll-like Receptor (TLR) ligands (MPLA and CpG), within nanoparticle matrix induced a prominent anti-tumor immune response able to restrict melanoma growth. An enhanced infiltration of NKT and NK cells into tumor site was only achieved when the combination GalCer, antigens and TLR ligands were co-delivered by the nanovaccine.
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23
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Kumari S, Shivam P, Kumar S, Jamal F, Singh MK, Bimal S, Narayan S, Pandey K, Das VNR, Das P, Singh SK. Leishmania donovani mediated higher expression of CCL4 induces differential accumulation of CD4 +CD56 +NKT and CD8 +CD56 +NKT cells at infection site. Cytokine 2018; 110:306-15. [PMID: 29807685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sterile cure from visceralized Leishmania donovani (L. donovani) needs Th1 cell support along with the assistance from innate immune cells, NK cells and NKT cells. NKT cells play as a connecting link between innate and adaptive immune cell and support T helper cell function. Earlier, a categorical function of CD56 positive CD4+ or CD8+ NKT cells was reported in visceral leishmaniasis (VL). It was observed in in vitro that CD4+CD56+NKT cells, but not CD8+CD56+NKT cells, were accumulated at the L. donovani infection site. Therefore, in vitro experiments have been carried out to decipher the mechanism behind preferential accumulation of CD4+CD56+NKT cells at infection site. In this study, 1.89 fold higher expression of CCL4/MIP-1β was noticed in infected macrophages. The higher expression of CCL4 was correlated with preferential accumulation of CCR5+CD4+CD56+NKT cells and apoptosis of CD8+CD56+NKT cells at in vitro infection site. The CD4+CD56+NKT cells were also observed expressing TGF-β dominantly. Interaction of CCL4 chemotaxis was interrupted by blocking, which led to drift back the TGF-β producing CD4+CD56+NKT cells and promoted CD8+CD56+NKT cells recruitment in in vitro infection site. CCR5 blockade also reduced CD25 and FoxP3 positive CD4+CD56+NKT cells in in vitro infection site. Therefore, it was concluded that Leishmania promotes strategic expression of CCL4, which alternately attracts CCR5+ cells, mostly expressing regulatory cytokines, at infection site. This reduces the CD8+CD56+NKT cells at infection site through Smad4 mediated TGF-β expression and activation of caspases. Data indicates that L. donovani induces higher expression of CCL4 in host cell to attract CCR5+ cells under its strategic plan to downregulate host immune response.
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Gasmi M, Sellami M, Denham J, Padulo J, Kuvacic G, Selmi W, Khalifa R. Time-restricted feeding influences immune responses without compromising muscle performance in older men. Nutrition 2018; 51-52:29-37. [PMID: 29571007 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of 12 wk of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on complete blood cell counts, natural killer cells, and muscle performance in 20- and 50-year-old men. METHODS Forty active and healthy participants were randomly divided into young experimental, young control, aged experimental, and aged control group. Experimental groups participated in TRF. Before (P1) and after (P2) TRF, participants performed a maximal exercise test to quantify muscle power. Resting venous blood samples were collected for blood count calculation. RESULTS No changes were identified in muscle power in all groups after TRF (P > 0.05). At P1, red cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly higher in young participants compared with elderly participants (P < 0.05). At P2, this age effect was not found in red cells between the young experimental group and the aged experimental group (P > 0.05). At P1, white blood cells and neutrophils were significantly higher in young participants compared with elderly participants (P < 0.05). At P2, only neutrophils decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in experimental groups without significant (P > 0.05) difference among them. Lymphocytes decreased significantly in the aged experimental group at P2 (P < 0.05), whereas NKCD16+ and NKCD56+ decreased significantly in experimental groups at P2 (P < 0.05). TRF had no effect on CD3, CD4+, and CD8+ levels (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION TRF decreases hematocrit, total white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in young and older men. TRF may be effective in preventing inflammation by decreasing natural killer cells. As such, TRF could be a lifestyle strategy to reduce systemic low-grade inflammation and age-related chronic diseases linked to immunosenescence, without compromising physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Gasmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maha Sellami
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia; Tunisian Research Laboratory Sport Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Joshua Denham
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia; Tunisian Research Laboratory Sport Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia; University e-campus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Goran Kuvacic
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
| | - Walid Selmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Khalifa
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar said, Tunis, Tunisia
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25
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Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate T cells restricted by CD1d molecules. They are positively selected in the thymic cortex and migrate to the medullary area, in which they differentiate into 3 different lineages. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) modulates this process, and PLZFhigh, PLZFintermediate, and PLZFlow iNKT cells are designated as NKT2, NKT17, and NKT1 cells, respectively. Analogous to conventional helper CD4 T cells, each subset expresses distinct combinations of transcription factors and produces different cytokines. In lymphoid organs, iNKT subsets have unique localizations, which determine their cytokine responses upon antigenic challenge. The lineage differentiation programs of iNKT cells are differentially regulated in various mice strains in a cell-intrinsic manner, and BALB/c mice contain a high frequency of NKT2 cells. In the thymic medulla, steady state IL-4 from NKT2 cells directly conditions CD8 T cells to become memory-like cells expressing Eomesodermin, which function as premade memory effectors. The genetic signature of iNKT cells is more similar to that of γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) than of conventional helper T cells, suggesting that ILCs and innate T cells share common developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Il Kwon
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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26
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Grabarz F, Aguiar CF, Correa-Costa M, Braga TT, Hyane MI, Andrade-Oliveira V, Landgraf MA, Câmara NOS. Protective role of NKT cells and macrophage M2-driven phenotype in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:491-504. [PMID: 28779430 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a result of an abnormal wound healing in lung tissue triggered by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, loss of tissue elasticity, and debit of ventilatory function. NKT cells are a major source of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and may be crucial in the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages in pulmonary fibrogenesis. Although there appears to be constant scientific progress in that field, pulmonary fibrosis still exhibits no current cure. From these facts, we hypothesized that NKT cells could influence the development of pulmonary fibrosis via modulation of macrophage activation. Wild type (WT) and NKT type I cell-deficient mice (Jα18-/-) were subjected to the protocol of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis with or without treatment with NKT cell agonists α-galactosylceramide and sulfatide. The participation of different cell populations, collagen deposition, and protein levels of different cytokines involved in inflammation and fibrosis was evaluated. The results indicate a benign role of NKT cells in Jα18-/- mice and in wild-type α-galactosylceramide-sulfatide-treated groups. These animals presented lower levels of collagen deposition, fibrogenic molecules such as TGF-β and vimentin and improved survival rates. In contrast, WT mice developed a Th2-driven response augmenting IL-4, 5, and 13 protein synthesis and increased collagen deposition. Furthermore, the arginase-1 metabolic pathway was downregulated in wild-type NKT-activated and knockout mice indicating lower activity of M2 macrophages in lung tissue. Hence, our data suggest that NKT cells play a protective role in this experimental model by down modulating the Th2 milieu, inhibiting M2 polarization and finally preventing fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Grabarz
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Immunology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristhiane Favero Aguiar
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Immunology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Correa-Costa
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Immunology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tárcio Teodoro Braga
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Immunology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meire I Hyane
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Immunology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Andrade-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Immunology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maristella Almeida Landgraf
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Immunology Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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27
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Engstler AJ, Sellmann C, Jin CJ, Brandt A, Herz K, Priebs J, Bergheim I. Treatment with alpha-galactosylceramide protects mice from early onset of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Role of intestinal barrier function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28067024 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The role of invariant natural killer T cells in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not yet been fully understood. Here, the effect of the invariant natural killer T-cell activator alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and intestinal barrier function was assessed in a mouse model of early Western-style diet (WSD) induced NASH. METHODS AND RESULTS Female C57BL/6J mice were either fed a liquid control diet or a liquid fructose-enriched WSD for 6 wk while being treated three times weekly with αGalCer (2 μg intraperitoneal) or vehicle. Indices of liver damage, glucose metabolism, and intestinal permeability were measured. Treatment with αGalCer markedly suppressed hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation while not affecting fasting glucose. The protective effects of αGalCer were associated with a protection against the increased translocation of bacterial endotoxins and the decreased protein levels of tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens 1 found in vehicle-treated mice while being fed a WSD. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that the protective effects of αGalCer against the development of a diet-induced NASH in mice are associated with a protection against the increased translocation of intestinal bacterial endotoxins associated with the development of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janina Engstler
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathleen Herz
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Josephine Priebs
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Littwitz-Salomon E, Schimmer S, Dittmer U. Natural killer T cells contribute to the control of acute retroviral infection. Retrovirology 2017; 14:5. [PMID: 28122574 PMCID: PMC5267384 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-017-0327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer T cells (NKT cells) play an important role in the immunity against viral infections. They produce cytokines or have direct cytolytic effects that can restrict virus replication. However, the exact function of NKT cells in retroviral immunity is not fully elucidated. Therefore, we analyzed the antiretroviral functions of NKT cells in mice infected with the Friend retrovirus (FV). Results After FV infection numbers of NKT cells remained unchanged but activation as well as improved effector functions of NKT cells were found. While the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines was not changed after infection, activated NKT cells revealed an elevated cytotoxic potential. Stimulation with α-Galactosylceramide significantly increased not only total NKT cell numbers and activation but also the anti-retroviral capacity of NKT cells. Conclusion We demonstrate a strong activation and a potent cytolytic function of NKT cells during acute retroviral infection. Therapeutic treatment with α-Galactosylceramide could further improve the reduction of early retroviral replication by NKT cells, which could be utilized for future treatment against viral infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-017-0327-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Littwitz-Salomon
- Institute for Virology of the University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Simone Schimmer
- Institute for Virology of the University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology of the University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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29
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Narkeviciute I, Sudzius G, Mieliauskaite D, Mackiewicz Z, Butrimiene I, Viliene R, Dumalakiene I. Are cytotoxic effector cells changes in peripheral blood of patients with Sjögren's syndrome related to persistent virus infection: Suggestions and conundrums. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:123-130. [PMID: 27592028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Etiology of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is still unknown, but there is strong evidence that certain pathogens of bacterial or viral origin can incite autoimmune response. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate changes of the main cell populations (dendritic cells, natural killer, natural killer T and cytotoxic T lymphocytes) presumably participating in virus clearance in peripheral blood of patients with primary SS (pSS). In analyzing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) populations we observed alterations in the frequency of highly cytotoxic effector CD8high/57+/27-/45RA+, less cytotoxic CD8high/57-/27-/45RA+ effector cells and cytotoxic memory CD8high/57+/27+/45RA- effector cells. We found a decrease of conventional dendritic cells (cDC) population in peripheral blood of pSS patients. It is possible that, a decrease of effector CTL and cDC, accompanied by increase of transitory phenotype memory CTL in peripheral blood of pSS patients may be associated with viral etiopathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Narkeviciute
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu st. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gintaras Sudzius
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu st. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Diana Mieliauskaite
- Department of Innovative Diagnostic, Treatment and Health Monitoring Technology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu st. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Zygmunt Mackiewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu st. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irena Butrimiene
- Department of Innovative Diagnostic, Treatment and Health Monitoring Technology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu st. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; Center of Rheumatology, Vilnius University, Santariskiu st. 2, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rita Viliene
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu st. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irena Dumalakiene
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu st. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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30
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Côté-Bigras S, Tran V, Turcotte S, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Verreault J, Rottembourg D. Impaired immune regulation after radioiodine therapy for Graves' disease and the protective effect of Methimazole. Endocrine 2016; 52:587-96. [PMID: 26701678 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Both therapies for Graves' disease (GD), radioactive iodine (RAI) and antithyroid drugs (ATD), were reported to have specific immune effects. We aimed at investigating the effects of RAI therapy on cellular subsets involved in immune regulation. We conducted a thirty day follow-up prospective cohort study of adult patients. Patients eligible for RAI therapy at our centre were approached. Twenty seven patients with GD were recruited, among whom 11 were treated with ATD. Twenty-two healthy subjects (HS) were also studied. Over time, frequency of regulatory T cells (Treg) and of invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT), along with Treg cell-mediated suppression and underlying mechanisms, were monitored in the peripheral blood. Variance in frequency of Treg and iNKT after RAI therapy was higher in GD patients than in HS over time (p < 0.0001). Reduced Treg suppressive function was observed after RAI therapy in GD patients (p = 0.002). ATD medication prior to RAI dampened these outcomes: less variation of Treg frequency (p = 0.0394), a trend toward less impaired Treg function, and prevention of reduced levels of suppressive cytokines (p < 0.05). Shortly after RAI therapy, alterations in immunoregulatory cells in patients with GD were observed and partially prevented by an ATD pretreatment. Worsening of autoimmunity after RAI was explained in previous studies by enhanced immune activity. This study adds new highlights on immune regulation deficiencies after therapeutic interventions in thyroid autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Côté-Bigras
- Department of Pediatrics, Sherbrooke University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, JIH5N4, Canada
| | - Viet Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Sherbrooke University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, JIH5N4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, Sherbrooke University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, JIH5N4, Canada
| | - Marek Rola-Pleszczynski
- Department of Pediatrics, Sherbrooke University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, JIH5N4, Canada
| | - Jean Verreault
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Sherbrooke University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Sherbrooke, QC, JIH5N4, Canada
| | - Diane Rottembourg
- Department of Pediatrics, Sherbrooke University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, JIH5N4, Canada.
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Yan J, Mitra A, Hu J, Cutrera JJ, Xia X, Doetschman T, Gagea M, Mishra L, Li S. Interleukin-30 (IL27p28) alleviates experimental sepsis by modulating cytokine profile in NKT cells. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1128-1136. [PMID: 26767500 PMCID: PMC4834232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sepsis is an acute systemic inflammatory response to infection associated with high patient mortality (28-40%). We hypothesized that interleukin (IL)-30, a novel cytokine protecting mice against liver injury resulting from inflammation, would generate a protective effect against systemic inflammation and sepsis-induced death. METHODS Sepsis was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The inhibitory effects of IL-30 on septic inflammation and associated therapeutic effects were determined in wild-type, IL30 (p28)(-/-), IL10(-/-), and CD1d(-/-) mice. RESULTS Mice treated with pIL30 gene therapy or recombinant IL-30 protein (rIL30) were protected from LPS-induced septic shock or CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis and showed markedly less liver damage and lymphocyte apoptosis than control septic mice. The resulting reduction in mortality was mediated through attenuation of the systemic pro-inflammatory response and augmentation of bacterial clearance. Mice lacking IL-30 were more sensitive to LPS-induced sepsis. Natural killer-like T cells (NKT) produced much higher levels of IL-10 and lower levels of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in IL-30-treated septic mice than in control septic mice. Likewise, deficiency in IL-10 or NKT cells abolished the protective role of IL-30 against sepsis. Furthermore, IL-30 induced IL-10 production in purified and LPS-stimulated NKT cells. Blocking IL-6R or gp130 inhibited IL-30 mediated IL-10 production. CONCLUSIONS IL-30 is important in modulating production of NKT cytokines and subsequent NKT cell-mediated immune regulation of other cells. Therefore, IL-30 has a role in prevention and treatment of sepsis via modulation of cytokine production by NKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abhisek Mitra
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jiemiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeffery J Cutrera
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas Doetschman
- BIO5 Institute and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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Liu M, Zeng X, Wang J, Fu Z, Wang J, Liu M, Ren D, Yu B, Zheng L, Hu X, Shi W, Xu J. Immunomodulation by mesenchymal stem cells in treating human autoimmune disease-associated lung fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:63. [PMID: 27107963 PMCID: PMC4842299 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial pneumonia in connective tissue diseases (CTD-IP) featuring inflammation and fibrosis is a leading cause of death in CTD-IP patients. The related autoimmune lung injury and disturbed self-healing process make conventional anti-inflammatory drugs ineffective. Equipped with unique immunoregulatory and regenerative properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may represent a promising therapeutic agent in CTD-IP. In this study, we aim to define the immunopathology involved in pulmonary exacerbation during autoimmunity and to determine the potential of MSCs in correcting these disorders. Methods Lung and blood specimens, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells collected from CTD-IP patients, and human primary lung fibroblasts (HLFs) from patients pathologically diagnosed with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and healthy controls were analyzed by histology, flow cytometry and molecular biology. T cell subsets involved in the process of CTD-IP were defined, while the regulatory functions of MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of normal individuals (HBMSCs) on cytotoxic T cells and CTD-UIP HLFs were investigated in vitro. Results Higher frequencies of cytotoxic T cells were observed in the lung and peripheral blood of CTD-IP patients, accompanied with a reduced regulatory T cell (Treg) level. CTD-UIP HLFs secreted proinflammatory cytokines in combination with upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The addition of HBMSCs in vitro increased Tregs concomitant with reduced cytotoxic T cells in an experimental cell model with dominant cytotoxic T cells, and promoted Tregs expansion in T cell subsets from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). HBMSCs also significantly decreased proinflammatory chemokine/cytokine expression, and blocked α-SMA activation in CTD-UIP HLFs through a TGF-β1-mediated mechanism, which modulates excessive IL-6/STAT3 signaling leading to IP-10 expression. MSCs secreting a higher level of TGF-β1 appear to have an optimal anti-fibrotic efficacy in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Conclusions Impairment of TGF-β signal transduction relevant to a persistent IL-6/STAT3 transcriptional activation contributes to reduction of Treg differentiation in CTD-IP and to myofibroblast differentiation in CTD-UIP HLFs. HBMSCs can sensitize TGF-β1 downstream signal transduction that regulates IL-6/STAT3 activation, thereby stimulating Treg expansion and facilitating anti-fibrotic IP-10 production. This may in turn block progression of lung fibrosis in autoimmunity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0319-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiansheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei province, P. R. China
| | - Junli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Muyun Liu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Baodan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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Wei JX, Tang YM. Primary biliary cirrhosis and natural immunity. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:699-705. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i5.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts. Complicated autoreactive responses participate in the development and progression of PBC, which involve various types of immune cells and inflammatory mediators. However, the mechanism of PBC pathogenesis is not yet clear. In this paper, we summarize the recent advances in research of PBC pathogenesis at the cellular level based mainly on the innate immunity.
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Sharma A, Yang WL, Matsuo S, Wang P. Differential alterations of tissue T-cell subsets after sepsis. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:41-50. [PMID: 26362089 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among immune cells in responding to sepsis, macrophages and neutrophils have been extensively studied, while the contribution of T lymphocytes and natural killer T (NKT) cells is less well characterized. Here we monitored tissue specific changes of T cell subsets in male C57BL/6 mice subjected to sham operation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce polymicrobial sepsis. Thymus, spleen, liver, lungs and blood were processed and analyzed 20h later. Total lymphocyte count showed a significant reduction in septic thymus, spleen and blood but not in lungs and liver. The septic thymi were hypocellular with severe reduction in cell numbers of immature CD4(+)CD8(+) subset. CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T lymphocyte numbers in septic spleens were also significantly reduced, but the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs was significantly increased. In addition, naïve and Tcm CD4(+) T cell numbers were significantly reduced in the septic spleens. By contrast, in septic liver the CD8(+) T cell numbers were significantly increased, whereas NKT cell numbers were reduced, but more activated with increased CD69 and CD25 expression. In the septic lungs, the CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cell numbers showed no significant change, whereas they were severely reduced in the septic blood. Overall, this study provides important information on the alterations of different T-cell subsets in various tissues after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Sharma
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Shingo Matsuo
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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Dowds CM, Blumberg RS, Zeissig S. Control of intestinal homeostasis through crosstalk between natural killer T cells and the intestinal microbiota. Clin Immunol 2015; 159:128-33. [PMID: 25988859 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human host and the intestinal microbiota co-exist in a mutually beneficial relationship, which contributes to host and microbial metabolism as well as maturation of the host's immune system, among many other pathways (Tremaroli and Backhed, 2012; Hooper et al., 2012). At mucosal surfaces, and particularly in the intestine, the commensal microbiota provides 'colonization resistance' to invading pathogens and maintains homeostasis through microbial regulation of mucosal innate and adaptive immunity (Renz et al., 2012). Recent evidence suggests that natural killer T cells (NKT cells), a subgroup of lipid-reactive T cells, play central roles in bidirectional interactions between the host and the commensal microbiota, which govern intestinal homeostasis and prevent inflammation. Here, we provide a brief overview of recently identified pathways of commensal microbial regulation of NKT cells, discuss feedback mechanisms of NKT cell-dependent control of microbial colonization and composition, and highlight the critical role of host-microbial cross-talk for prevention of NKT cell-dependent mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marie Dowds
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Israeli E, Zigmond E, Lalazar G, Klein A, Hemed N, Goldin E, Ilan Y. Oral mixture of autologous colon-extracted proteins for the Crohn’s disease: A double-blind trial. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5685-5694. [PMID: 25987796 PMCID: PMC4427695 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i18.5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral administration of Alequel™, an autologous protein-containing colon extract.
METHODS: A total of 43 patients were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Patients were orally administered with autologous protein-containing colon extract three doses of autologous study drug per week for 15 wk, for a total of 45 doses. Patients were followed for safety parameters. Remission was defined as a Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI) score of less than or equal to 150. All patients were followed for changes in subsets of T cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis.
RESULTS: Analysis was performed on a total number of evaluable patients of 14 in the study drug group and 15 in the placebo group. Treatment was well tolerated by all patients. No major treatment-related adverse events were reported or observed in any of the treated patients during the feeding or follow-up periods. Between weeks 6 and 9 of the study, six of the 14 (43%) evaluable subjects who received the study drug achieved a CDAI of 150 or lower. In contrast, five of the 15 (33%) evaluable subjects in the placebo group achieved remission. Between weeks 9 and 12, the remission rates were 50% and 33% for the drug group and placebo group, respectively. Among the drug-treated subjects who achieved remission, the effect of the drug was judged as stable in eight of the 14 subjects as measured by at least two CDAI scores indicating remission in the 15-wk treatment period. A decreased percentage of peripheral natural killer T regulatory cells (a decrease of 28% vs an increase of 16%) and an increased ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes (an increase of 11% vs a decrease of 9%) were noted in subjects with a significant clinical response.
CONCLUSION: Oral administration of the autologous colonic extract could be a safe and effective for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease.
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Iversen MB, Jensen SK, Hansen AL, Winther H, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Reinert LS, Holm CK. NKT cell activation by local α-galactosylceramide administration decreases susceptibility to HSV-2 infection. Immunobiology 2015; 220:762-8. [PMID: 25648689 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
NKT cells are a subgroup of T cells, which express a restricted TCR repertoire and are critical for the innate immune responses to viral infections. Activation of NKT cells depends on the major histocompatibility complex-related molecule CD1d, which presents bioactive lipids to NKT cells. The marine sponge derived lipid αGalCer has recently been demonstrated as a specific agonist for activation of human and murine NKT cells. In the present study we investigated the applicability of αGalCer pre-treatment for immune protection against intra-vaginal HSV-2 infection. We found that C57BL/6 WT mice that received local pre-treatment with αGalCer prior to intra-vaginal HSV-2 infection had a lower mean disease score, mortality and viral load in the vagina following infection, compared to mice that did not receive αGalCer pre-treatment. Further, we found increased numbers of CD45 and NK1.1 positive cells in vaginal tissue and elevated levels of IFN-γ in the vaginal tissue and in vaginal fluids 24h after αGalCer pre-treatment. Collectively our data demonstrate a protective effect of αGalCer induced activation of NKT cells in the innate immune protection against viral infection.
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Kalliomäki M, Rajala S, Elamo H, Ashorn M, Ruuska T. Increased expression of CXCL16, a bacterial scavenger receptor, in the colon of children with ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2014; 8:1222-6. [PMID: 24630488 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS CXCL16 is a scavenger receptor which has been connected to phagocytosis of bacterial antigens in experimental colitis. It has also been shown to have a pivotal role in the development of experimental colitis in mice. The increased expression of CXCL16 has been demonstrated in inflamed lesions of patients with Crohn disease. Our aim was to study the expression of CXCL16 in the colon of patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS Relative quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was applied to explore the gene expressions of CXCL16, its receptor CXCR6, and interleukin 8, an inflammatory marker, in the colonic biopsies of children with active ulcerative colitis (n=19), children with ulcerative colitis in remission (n=9) and children with no inflammatory condition in colon (n=14). RESULTS An increased expression of CXCL16 in the colonic biopsies of children with ulcerative colitis was found both in active disease (p=0.006) and in remission (p=0.033), when compared to children without inflammatory condition. The gene expressions of interleukin 8 and CXCL16 correlated with each other (rs=0.67, p=0.01). The expression of CXCR6 mRNA was comparable between the study groups (p=0.50). CONCLUSIONS The gene expression of CXCL16 was increased in patients with ulcerative colitis both in active disease and in remission suggesting an important role of the molecule in the pathogenesis of the condition.
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Tang X, Zhang B, Jarrell JA, Price JV, Dai H, Utz PJ, Strober S. Ly108 expression distinguishes subsets of invariant NKT cells that help autoantibody production and secrete IL-21 from those that secrete IL-17 in lupus prone NZB/W mice. J Autoimmun 2014; 50:87-98. [PMID: 24508410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lupus is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by anti-nuclear antibodies in humans and genetically susceptible NZB/W mice that can cause immune complex glomerulonephritis. T cells contribute to lupus pathogenesis by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17, and by interacting with B cells and secreting helper factors such as IL-21 that promote production of IgG autoantibodies. In the current study, we determined whether purified NKT cells or far more numerous conventional non-NKT cells in the spleen of NZB/W female mice secrete IL-17 and/or IL-21 after TCR activation in vitro, and provide help for spontaneous IgG autoantibody production by purified splenic CD19(+) B cells. Whereas invariant NKT cells secreted large amounts of IL-17 and IL-21, and helped B cells, non-NKT cells did not. The subset of IL-17 secreting NZB/W NKT cells expressed the Ly108(lo)CD4(-)NK1.1(-) phenotype, whereas the IL-21 secreting subset expressed the Ly108(hi)CD4(+)NK1.1(-) phenotype and helped B cells secrete a variety of IgG anti-nuclear antibodies. α-galactocylceramide enhanced the helper activity of NZB/W and B6.Sle1b NKT cells for IgG autoantibody secretion by syngeneic B cells. In conclusion, different subsets of iNKT cells from mice with genetic susceptibility to lupus can contribute to pathogenesis by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and helping autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justin A Jarrell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jordan V Price
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Strober
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Adler M, Taylor S, Okebugwu K, Yee H, Fielding C, Fielding G, Poles M. Intrahepatic natural killer T cell populations are increased in human hepatic steatosis. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1725-31. [PMID: 21483633 PMCID: PMC3072637 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i13.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine if natural killer T cell (NKT) populations are affected in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS: Patients undergoing bariatric surgery underwent liver biopsy and blood sampling during surgery. The biopsy was assessed for steatosis and immunocyte infiltration. Intrahepatic lymphocytes (IHLs) were isolated from the remainder of the liver biopsy, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the blood. Expression of surface proteins on both IHLs and PBMCs were quantified using flow cytometry.
RESULTS: Twenty-seven subjects participated in this study. Subjects with moderate or severe steatosis had a higher percentage of intrahepatic CD3+/CD56+ NKT cells (38.6%) than did patients with mild steatosis (24.1%, P = 0.05) or those without steatosis (21.5%, P = 0.03). Patients with moderate to severe steatosis also had a higher percentage of NKT cells in the blood (12.3%) as compared to patients with mild steatosis (2.5% P = 0.02) and those without steatosis (5.1%, P = 0.05).
CONCLUSION: NKT cells are significantly increased in the liver and blood of patients with moderate to severe steatosis and support the role of NKT cells in NAFLD.
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Tang BZ, Gao YQ. Role of natural killer T cells in liver diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:2853-2858. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i25.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes, which express both T and NK cell surface markers as well as functional characteristics. They connect innate and acquired immunity, and restrictedly recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d molecule. NKT cells secrete a great quantity of cytokines rapidly which regulate human immune response after being activated. For there are abundant NKT cells in human liver, researchers have a great interest in their roles.
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Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether changes in the frequency of peripheral natural killer T (NKT) cells were correlated with liver disease in patients who had metabolic predispositions to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 60 Chinese NAFLD patients and 60 age and gender matched healthy controls. The frequency of peripheral NKT cells was detected by flow cytometry. Clinical and laboratory data were collected for further analysis.
RESULTS: NAFLD patients had a lower frequency of peripheral NKT cells than healthy controls (1.21% ± 0.06% vs 1.62% ± 0.07%, P < 0.001). Further analysis revealed that the frequency of peripheral NKT cells was negatively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase. Logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated body mass index [hazard ratio (HR): 2.991], aspartate aminotransferase levels (HR: 1.148) and fasting blood sugar (HR: 3.133) increased the risk of NAFLD, whereas an elevated frequency of peripheral NKT cells (HR: 0.107) decreased the risk.
CONCLUSION: Changes in the frequency of peripheral NKT cells were correlated with NAFLD and a decreased frequency of peripheral NKT cells was a risk factor for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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