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Zhao KY, Huang H, Jin Q, Wang L, Jiao XD, Li XP. CsIL-20, a tongue sole interleukin-20, negatively mediates leucocyte activity and antibacterial defense. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 145:109325. [PMID: 38154762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-20 (IL-20), as an essential member of IL-10 family, plays vital roles in mammalian immunological response such as antimicrobial, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and immune diseases. In teleost, the study about immune antimicrobial function of IL-20 is largely scarce. In this article, we revealed the expression profiles and the immunological functions of the IL-20 (CsIL-20) in tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. CsIL-20 is composed of 183 amino acid residues, with seven cysteine residues and a typical IL-10 domain which comprises six α-helices and two β-sheets, and shares 34.4-71.2 % identities with other teleost IL-20. CsIL-20 was constitutively expressed in a variety of tissues and regulated by bacterial invasion, and the recombinant CsIL-20 (rCsIL-20) could bind to different bacteria. In vitro rCsIL-20 could interact with the membrane of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), leading to the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and acid phosphatase activity in PBLs. In line with In vitro results, In vivo rCsIL-20 could obviously suppressed the host immune against bacterial infection. Furthermore, knockdown of CsIL-20 in vivo could markedly enhance the host antibacterial immunity. Collectively, these observations offer new insights into the negative effect of CsIL-20 on antibacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yu Zhao
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China
| | - Qiu Jin
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xu-Dong Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
| | - Xue-Peng Li
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
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Cui Z, Zhu X, Zhao F, Li D, Deng Y, Tan A, Lai Y, Huang Z, Gong H. Molecular identification and functional exploration of interleukin-20 in snakehead (Channa argus) involved in bacterial invasion and the proliferation of head kidney leukocytes. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 127:623-632. [PMID: 35810964 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As an inflammatory cytokine of the interleukin-20 (IL-20) subfamily, IL-20 has various functions in immune defenses, inflammatory diseases, tissue regeneration, cancer, and metabolism. Although the characteristics and functions of mammalian IL-20 have been clarified, those of fish IL-20 remain unclear. In this study, the IL-20 gene from the snakehead Channa argus (shIL-20) was cloned and functionally characterized. Similar to the IL-20 homologues of other species, the shIL-20 has a five exon/four intron structure in the coding region. The open reading frame of shIL-20 consists of 528 base pairs and encodes 175 amino acids (aa), including a signal peptide (aa 1-24) and a mature peptide (aa 25-175). The mature shIL-20 protein has six conserved cysteine residues, which occur in the IL-20 proteins of all species analyzed, and an additional cysteine residue (Cys-82) found only in the IL-20 proteins of several teleosts. The modeled tertiary structure of shIL-20 is similar with that of Homo sapiens IL-20. The shIL-20 was expressed constitutively in all the tissues analyzed, and its transcription was induced in the spleen and head kidney by Aeromonas schubertii and Nocardia seriolae in vivo and in head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) by lipoteichoic acid, lipopolysaccharide, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in vitro. The recombinant shIL-20 protein induced the transcription of tumor necrosis factor α1 (TNF-α1), TNF-α2, IL-1β, and endogenous shIL-20, and promoted the proliferation of HKLs. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that shIL-20 participates in the immune response to bacterial invasion and promotes leukocyte proliferation, offering new insights into the functions of fish IL-20 during pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xueqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Dongqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Aiping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yingtiao Lai
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Hua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
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Abstract
The eye is regarded as an immune privileged site. Since the presence of a vasculature would impair vision, the vasculature of the eye is located outside of the central light path. As a result, many regions of the eye evolved mechanisms to deliver immune cells to sites of dysgenesis, injury, or in response to the many age-related pathologies. While the purpose of these immune responses is reparative or protective, cytokines released by immune cells compromise visual acuity by inducing inflammation and fibrosis. The response to traumatic or pathological injury is distinct in different regions of the eye. Age-related diseases impact both the anterior and posterior segment and lead to reduced quality of life and blindness. Here we focus attention on the role that inflammation and fibrosis play in the progression of age-related pathologies of the cornea and the lens as well as in glaucoma, the formation of epiretinal membranes, and in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Key Words
- 2ryERM
- A T-helper cell that expresses high levels of IL-17 which can suppress T-regulatory cell function
- A cytokine expressed early during inflammation that attracts neutrophils
- A cytokine expressed early during inflammation that attracts neutrophils, sometimes referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1))
- A mouse model that lacks functional T and B cells and used to study the immune response
- A pigmented mouse strain used for research and known to mount a primarily Th1 response to infection
- A protein encoded by the ADGRE1 gene that, in mice, is expressed primarily on macrophages
- A strain of pigmented mice used in glaucoma research
- ACAID
- APCs
- ASC
- An albino mouse strain used for research and known to mount a primarily Th2 response to infection
- Antigen Presenting Cells, this class includes dendritic cells and monocytes
- BALB/c
- BM
- C57BL6
- CCL2
- CD45
- CNS
- CXCL1
- Central Nervous System
- Cluster of differentiation 45 antigen
- DAMPs
- DBA/2J
- EBM
- ECM
- EMT
- ERM
- Epithelial Basement Membrane
- F4/80
- FGF2
- HA =hyaluronic acid
- HSK
- HSP
- HSPGs
- HSV
- ICN
- IL-20
- IL6
- ILM
- IOP
- Inner (or internal) limiting membrane
- Interleukin 6
- Interleukin-20
- MAGP1
- MHC-II
- Major histocompatibility complex type II, a class of MHC proteins typically found only on APCs
- Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 1
- N-cad
- N-cadherin
- NEI
- NK
- National Eye Institute
- Natural killer T cells
- PCO
- PDGF
- PDR
- PVD
- PVR
- Platelet derived growth factor
- Posterior capsular opacification
- RGC
- RPE
- RRD
- Rag1-/-
- Retinal ganglion cells
- Retinal pigment epithelial cells
- SMAD
- Sons of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic, SMADs are a class of molecules that mediate TGF and bone morphogenetic protein signaling
- T-helper cell 1 response, proinflammatory adaptive response involving interferon gamma and associated with autoimmunity
- T-helper cell 2 response involving IgE and interleukins 4,5, and 13, also induces the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 family cytokines
- T-regulatory cell
- TG
- TGF1
- TM
- TNF
- Th1
- Th17
- Th2
- Transforming growth factor 1
- Treg
- Tumor necrosis factor a cytokine produced during inflammation
- VEGF
- Vascular endothelial growth factor
- WHO
- World Health Organization
- anterior chamber immune deviation
- anterior subcapsular cataracts
- basement membrane
- damage-associated molecular patterns
- epiretinal membrane
- epiretinal membrane secondary to disease pathology
- epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- extracellular matrix
- fibroblast growth factor 2, also referred to as basic FGF
- heat shock protein
- heparan sulfate proteoglycans
- herpes simplex virus
- herpes stromal keratitis
- iERM
- idiopathic epiretinal membrane
- intraepithelial corneal nerves
- intraocular pressure
- mTOR
- mechanistic target of rapamycin, a protein kinase encoded by the MTOR genes that regulates a variety of signal transduction events including cell growth, autophagy and actin cytoskeleton
- posterior vitreous detachment
- proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- proliferative vitreoretinopathy
- rhegmatogenous (rupture, tear) retinal detachment
- trabecular meshwork
- trigeminal ganglion
- αSMA
- α−Smooth muscle actin, a class of actin expressed in mesenchymal cells
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Chen X, Liu Y, Meng B, Wu D, Wu Y, Cao Y. Interleukin-20 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells via the GSK3β/β-catenin signalling pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105111. [PMID: 33798924 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of interleukin-20 (IL-20) on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. METHODS The pre-osteoblast line MC3T3-E1 was treated with different concentrations of IL-20 (0, 2, 20 and 100 ng/mL), and the cell viability was detected by the CCK8 assay. To assess the influence of IL-20 on osteogenic differentiation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin red staining were performed at predetermined times. The expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osterix (Osx), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting analyses. 5 nmol/L lithium chloride (LiCl) was used as GSK-3β inhibitor. RESULTS IL-20 promoted cell proliferation but decreased ALP activity and mineralization. Moreover, IL-20 downregulated the expression of RUNX2, Osx and β-catenin but upregulated the level of GSK-3β. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that IL-20 could inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells via the GSK3β/β-catenin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Meng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongle Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Bertelsen T, Iversen L, Johansen C. I-Kappa-B-Zeta Regulates Interleukin-17A/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Mediated Synergistic Induction of Interleukin-19 and Interleukin-20 in Humane Keratinocytes. Ann Dermatol 2021; 33:122-130. [PMID: 33935453 PMCID: PMC8081996 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-19 and IL-20 are important members of the IL-10 cytokine family, which are known to play a role in inflammatory processes. Both anti-IL-19 and -IL-20 targeting drugs have been suggested in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, we presented I-kappa-B-zeta (IκBζ) as a key player in psoriasis by identifying IκBζ as a regulator of IL-17/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-inducible psoriasis-associated genes and proteins. Some of these genes were synergistically regulated by IL-17/TNFα. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the role of IκBζ in the regulation of IL-17A/TNFα-mediated induction of IL-19 and IL-20 expression in human keratinocytes. Methods In vitro experiments with cultured primary humane keratinocytes were conducted and investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, ELISA and EMSA. For statistics, a one- or two- way repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) or the Friedman test (a nonparametric equivalent to the RM ANOVA) were conducted. Results We demonstrated that IL-19 and IL-20 mRNA and protein expressions were synergistically induced by IL-17A and TNFα, whereas IL-17A and TNFα alone had only a minor effect on the IL-19 and IL-20 expression. Moreover, we demonstrated IκBζ to be a regulator of this synergistic induction of IL-19 and IL-20. Finally, the IL-17A/TNFα-induced synergistic induction of IL-19 and IL-20 expression was found to be mediated by a p38 MAPK-, NF-κB- and JNK1/2-dependent mechanism. Conclusion This study demonstrates that IκBζ plays a role in the IL-17A/TNFα-mediated synergistic induction of IL-19 and IL-20 in humane keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Bertelsen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Burmeister AR, Johnson MB, Marriott I. Murine astrocytes are responsive to the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-20. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134334. [PMID: 31238130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glia are key regulators of inflammatory responses within the central nervous system (CNS) following infection or trauma. We have previously demonstrated the ability of activated astrocytes to rapidly produce pro-inflammatory mediators followed by a transition to an anti-inflammatory cytokine production profile that includes the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and the closely related cytokines IL-19 and IL-24. IL-20, another member of the IL-10 family, is known to modulate immune cell activity in the periphery and we have previously demonstrated that astrocytes constitutively express the cognate receptors for this cytokine. However, the ability of glia to produce IL-20 remains unclear and the effects of this pleiotropic cytokine on glial immune functions have not been investigated. In this study, we report that primary murine and human astrocytes are not an appreciable source of IL-20 following challenge with disparate bacterial species or their components. Importantly, we have determined that astrocyte are responsive to the immunomodulatory actions of this cytokine by showing that recombinant IL-20 administration upregulates microbial pattern recognition receptor expression and induces release of the inflammatory mediator IL-6 by these cells. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-20 acts in a dissimilar manner to other IL-10 family members to augment the inflammatory responses of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Burmeister
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - M Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
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Šenolt L, Prajzlerová K, Hulejová H, Šumová B, Filková M, Veigl D, Pavelka K, Vencovský J. Interleukin-20 is triggered by TLR ligands and associates with disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokine 2017; 97:187-192. [PMID: 28662439 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-20 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that may be implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to determine the association between IL-20 and disease activity in patients with RA. METHODS The levels of serum and synovial fluid IL-20 were measured in patients with RA and OA. The disease activity was assessed based on the Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28). The expression of IL-20 in synovial tissue samples from patients with RA and OA were determined by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence staining was used to co-localize IL-20 with selected cells. The secretion of IL-20 was analysed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with RA. RESULTS Synovial fluid and synovial tissue IL-20 were significantly increased in patients with RA compared with patients with OA. The expression of IL-20 in RA synovial tissue was particularly associated with macrophages and neutrophil granulocytes, but also with synovial fibroblasts and lymphocytes. The IL-20 levels in synovial fluid correlated with DAS28 (r=0.434; p=0.015) and were significantly elevated in anti-CCP positive RA compared with anti-CCP negative RA (122.3±104.1pg/ml and 45.9±35.8pg/ml; p=0.008). IL-20 production from PBMCs was induced by Poly I:C and LPS but not with pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α or IL-1. CONCLUSION Our data showed that IL-20 is independently associated with RA disease activity and may be triggered by TLR ligands at local sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Šenolt
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Klára Prajzlerová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hulejová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Šumová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Filková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Veigl
- 1st Orthopaedic Clinic, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vencovský
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhang W, Magadi S, Li Z, Smith CW, Burns AR. IL-20 promotes epithelial healing of the injured mouse cornea. Exp Eye Res 2016; 154:22-29. [PMID: 27818315 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
After corneal epithelial injury, the ensuing inflammatory response is necessary for efficient wound healing. While beneficial healing effects are attributed to recruited neutrophils and platelets, dysregulated inflammation (too little or too much) is associated with impaired wound healing. The purpose of this study was to use an established C57BL/6J mouse model of corneal injury to evaluate the potential modulatory role of interleukin-20 (IL-20) on the inflammatory and healing responses to epithelial wounding. In the uninjured cornea, immunofluorescence staining for IL-20 and its receptor, IL-20RA, was observed on basal epithelial cells at the limbus. After a 2 mm central epithelial abrasion, IL-20 staining was also observed in stromal keratocytes and ELISA studies showed a significant increase (nearly 3-fold) in IL-20 expression. Injured corneas healed more slowly when treated with a topical application of a neutralizing anti-IL-20 antibody. While corneal epithelial cell division and epithelial nerve recovery measured at 24 h post-injury were reduced compared to controls, neutrophil influx into the cornea was increased. In contrast, topical application of recombinant IL-20 (rIL-20) decreased corneal inflammation as evidenced by reductions in limbal vessel dilatation, platelet extravasation, neutrophil recruitment and CXCL1 expression. In wild type mice, topical rIL-20 had a limited effect on corneal wound healing and resulted in only a slight increase in epithelial cell division and epithelial nerve recovery; the rate of wound closure was unaffected. To clarify the effect of IL-20 on corneal wound healing, rIL-20 was topically applied to neutropenic wild type (WT) mice and mutant mice (ɣδ T cell deficient mice and CD11a deficient mice), all of which have well characterized reductions in neutrophil recruitment and delayed wound healing after corneal injury. In each case, rIL-20 restored corneal wound healing to baseline levels while neutrophil recruitment remained low. Thus, it appears that IL-20 plays a beneficial and direct role in corneal wound healing while negatively regulating neutrophil and platelet infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Zhang
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, United States
| | - Sri Magadi
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, United States
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, United States; International Collaborative Innovation Research Center of Ocular Surface Diseases and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Wayne Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Alan R Burns
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, United States.
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Naumnik W, Naumnik B, Niklińska W, Ossolińska M, Chyczewska E. Clinical Implications of Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Interleukin-20, and Interleukin-22 in Serum and Bronchoalveolar Fluid of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016; 952:41-49. [PMID: 27573644 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is involved in tumorigenesis, interleukin-20 (IL-20) is an inhibitor of angiogenesis, and interleukin-22 (IL-22) stimulates tumor growth. The aim of this study was to determine the level of HGF, IL-20, and IL-22 in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients before onset of chemotherapy, the nature of the interrelationships between these markers, and their prognostic significance regarding post-chemotherapy survival time. We studied 46 NSCLC patients and 15 healthy subjects as a control group. We found significantly higher serum levels of HGF and IL-22 in the NSCLC patients than those in controls [pg/ml: HGF - 1911 (693-6510) vs. 1333 (838-3667), p = 0.0004; IL-22 - 10.66 (1.44-70.34) vs. 4.69 (0.35-12.29), p = 0.0007]. In contrast, concentrations of HGF and IL-22 in BALF were lower in NSCLC patients than those in controls [pg/ml: HGF - 72 (6-561) vs. 488 (14-2003), p = 0.0002; IL-22 - 2.28 (0.70-6.52) vs. 3.72 (2.76-5.64), p = 0.002]. In the NSCLC patients, there was a negative correlation between the serum level of IL-20 and time to tumor progression (r = -0.405, p = 0.04) and between the serum level of HGF and survival time (r = -0.41, p = 0.005). In addition, a higher serum level of HGF and a higher BALF level of IL-22 in patients were linked with a shorter overall survival. We conclude that HGF, IL-20, and IL-22 in the serum and BALF of NSCLC patients before chemotherapy may be a prognostic of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Naumnik
- Department of Lung Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 14 Zurawia Street, 15-540, Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - B Naumnik
- First Department of Nephrology and Transplantation with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - W Niklińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - M Ossolińska
- Department of Lung Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 14 Zurawia Street, 15-540, Bialystok, Poland
| | - E Chyczewska
- Department of Lung Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, 14 Zurawia Street, 15-540, Bialystok, Poland
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