1
|
Won EJ, Kim HJ, Lee YJ, Kim MJ, Lee HI, Jang HH, Kim SH, Kang JH, Park KJ, Shim SC, Jo S, Kim TH, Kim TJ. CCL20 inhibition for treating inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:4000-4005. [PMID: 37279731 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Th17 cells are known to play a significant role in AS. C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) binds to C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) on Th17 cells, promoting their migration to inflammation sites. The aim of this research is to examine the effectiveness of CCL20 inhibition in treating inflammation in AS. METHODS Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMC) and SF (SFMC) were collected from healthy individuals and AS. Flow cytometry was used to analyse cells producing inflammatory cytokines. CCL20 levels were determined using ELISA. The impact of CCL20 on Th17 cell migration was verified using a Trans-well migration assay. The in vivo efficacy of CCL20 inhibition was evaluated using an SKG mouse model. RESULTS The presence of Th17 cells and CCL20 expressing cells was higher in SFMCs from AS patients compared with their PBMCs. The CCL20 level in AS SF was significantly higher than in OA patients. The percentage of Th17 cells in PBMCs from AS patients increased when exposed to CCL20, whereas the percentage of Th17 cells in SFMCs from AS patients decreased when treated with CCL20 inhibitor. The migration of Th17 cells was found to be influenced by CCL20, and this effect was counteracted by the CCL20 inhibitor. In the SKG mouse model, the use of CCL20 inhibitor significantly reduced joint inflammation. CONCLUSION This research validates the critical role of CCL20 in AS and suggests that targeting CCL20 inhibition could serve as a novel therapeutic approach for AS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ju Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-In Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoun Kang
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Daejeon Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi AR, Kang JH, Park KJ, Lee HI, Kim TJ. Effects of light-emitting diode therapy on hand stiffness and pain in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-refractory patients with tenosynovitis. J Rheum Dis 2023; 30:170-175. [PMID: 37476675 PMCID: PMC10351370 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2023.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) in the management of pain and stiffness in patients with refractory hand tenosynovitis to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Methods A total of 12 patients were enrolled in the study and received LEDT twice a week for four weeks. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and the visual analog scale (VAS) pain and stiffness scores of each hand were assessed every two weeks. The thickness of the flexor tendon in the patients' hand was evaluated using ultrasonography. To investigate the molecular effects of LEDT, we measured the expression levels of type III collagen in tendon cells, with and without LEDT treatment. Results After undergoing LEDT, participants showed clinically significant improvements in VAS pain scores at weeks 2, 4, and 8 compared to their baseline, and in VAS stiffness scores at weeks 4 and 8. According to the ultrasonography results, there was a decreasing tendency in tendon thickness for each finger in week 8 compared to the baseline, but the difference was not statistically significant. No adverse events were reported. Additionally, our results indicated a significant increase in type III collagen levels in the LEDT group compared to the control group (1.48±0.18 vs. 0.99±0.02, p=0.031), indicating a potential molecular mechanism for the observed clinical improvements. Conclusion LEDT may provide a viable alternative to pharmacological treatments in the future, due to its simple and easy method of administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Ra Choi
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoun Kang
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hae-In Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park KJ, Jin HM, Cho YN, Yoon JH, Kee SJ, Kim HS, Park YW. Altered Frequency, Activation, and Clinical Relevance of Circulating Innate and Innate-Like Lymphocytes in Patients With Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e22. [PMID: 37416928 PMCID: PMC10320422 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is caused by chronic alcohol overconsumption and might be linked to dysregulated immune responses in the gut-liver axis. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on levels and functions of innate lymphocytes including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, NKT cells, and NK (NK) cells in ALC patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the levels and function of these cells, evaluate their clinical relevance, and explore their immunologic roles in the pathogenesis of ALC. Peripheral blood samples from ALC patients (n = 31) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 31) were collected. MAIT cells, NKT cells, NK cells, cytokines, CD69, PD-1, and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Percentages and numbers of circulating MAIT cells, NKT cells, and NK cells were significantly reduced in ALC patients than in HCs. MAIT cell exhibited increased production of IL-17 and expression levels of CD69, PD-1, and LAG-3. NKT cells displayed decreased production of IFN-γ and IL-4. NK cells showed elevated CD69 expression. Absolute MAIT cell levels were positively correlated with lymphocyte count but negatively correlated with C-reactive protein. In addition, NKT cell levels were negatively correlated with hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, log-transformed absolute MAIT cell levels were negatively correlated with the Age, Bilirubin, INR, and Creatinine score. This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells, NKT cells, and NK cells are numerically deficient in ALC patients, and the degree of cytokine production and activation status also changed. Besides, some of their deficiencies are related to several clinical parameters. These findings provide important information about immune responses of ALC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim OS, Park KJ, Jin HM, Cho YN, Kim YS, Kwon SH, Koh JT, Ju JK, Kee SJ, Park YW. Activation and increased production of interleukin-17 and tumour necrosis factor-α of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in patients with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:706-716. [PMID: 35569027 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are known to be resident in oral mucosal tissue, but their roles in periodontitis are unknown. This study aimed to examine the level and function of MAIT cells in periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frequency, activation, and function of MAIT cells from 28 periodontitis patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Circulating MAIT cells were numerically reduced in periodontitis patients. Moreover, they exhibited higher expression of CD69 and annexin V, together with more increased production of interleukin (IL)-17 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in periodontitis patients than in HCs. Interestingly, periodontitis patients had higher frequencies of MAIT cells in gingival tissue than in peripheral blood. In addition, circulating MAIT cells had elevated expression of tissue-homing chemokine receptors such as CCR6 and CXCR6, and the corresponding chemokines (i.e., CCL20 and CXCL16) were more strongly expressed in inflamed gingiva than in healthy gingiva. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells are numerically deficient with an activated profile toward the production of IL-17 and TNF-α in periodontitis patients. Furthermore, circulating MAIT cells have the potential to migrate to inflamed gingival tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Su Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Kwon
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Ju
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim TO, Park KJ, Cho YN, Jin HM, Jo YG, Kim HS, Ju JK, Shin HJ, Kho BG, Kee SJ, Park YW. Altered distribution, activation and increased IL-17 production of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Thorax 2022; 77:865-872. [PMID: 35086913 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innate-like T cells that are engaged in a number of diseases, but their roles in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are not fully examined yet. This study aimed to examine levels and functions of MAIT cells in patients with ARDS. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from patients with ARDS (n=50) and healthy controls (HCs, n=50) were collected. Levels of MAIT cells, cytokines, CD69, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in patients with ARDS than in HCs. MAIT cell levels were inversely correlated with disease severity and mortality. Cytokine production profiles in MAIT cells showed that percentages of interleukin (IL)-17 producing MAIT cell were significantly higher in patients with ARDS than in HCs. Patients with ARDS exhibited higher expression levels of CD69, PD-1 and LAG-3 in circulating MAIT cells. Moreover, levels of MAIT cells and expression levels of CD69, PD-1 and IL-17 in MAIT cells were higher in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples than in peripheral blood samples. Our in vitro experiments showed that MAIT cells triggered macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells are numerically deficient in patients with ARDS. In addition, MAIT cells were found to be activated, migrate into lung, secrete IL-17 and then stimulate macrophages. These findings suggest that MAIT cells contribute to the worsening of inflammation in the lung of patients with ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ok Kim
- Pulmonology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Goun Jo
- Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyo Shin Kim
- Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Ju
- Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong-Joon Shin
- Pulmonology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Bo-Gun Kho
- Pulmonology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea .,Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Bitgoeul Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kang SJ, Park KJ, Jin HM, Cho YN, Oh TH, Kim SE, Kim UJ, Park KH, Jung SI, Kim TO, Kim HS, Jo YG, Ju JK, Kee SJ, Park YW. Circulating Plasmacytoid and Conventional Dendritic Cells Are Numerically and Functionally Deficient in Patients With Scrub Typhus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:700755. [PMID: 34276693 PMCID: PMC8281928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.700755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells known to bridge innate and adaptive immune reactions. However, the relationship between circulating DCs and Orientia tsutsugamushi infection is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the level and function of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional DCs (cDCs), two subsets of circulating DCs, in scrub typhus patients. Methods The study included 35 scrub typhus patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs). pDC and cDC levels, CD86 and CD274 expression, and cytokine levels were measured using flow cytometry. Results Circulating pDC and cDC levels were found to be significantly reduced in scrub typhus patients, which were correlated with disease severity. The patients displayed increased percentages of CD86+ pDCs, CD274+ pDCs, and CD274+ cDCs in the peripheral blood. The alterations in the levels and surface phenotypes of pDCs and cDCs were recovered in the remission state. In addition, the production of interferon (IFN)-α and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by circulating pDCs, and interleukin (IL)-12 and TNF-α by circulating cDCs was reduced in scrub typhus patients. Interestingly, our in vitro experiments showed that the percentages of CD86+ pDCs, CD274+ pDCs, and CD274+ cDCs were increased in cultures treated with cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α. Conclusions This study demonstrates that circulating pDCs and cDCs are numerically deficient and functionally impaired in scrub typhus patients. In addition, alterations in the expression levels of surface phenotypes of pDCs and cDCs could be affected by pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ji Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seong Eun Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Uh Jin Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sook-In Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Ok Kim
- Department of Pulmonology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyo Shin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young-Goun Jo
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Ju
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ryoo SB, Park JW, Lee DW, Lee MA, Kwon YH, Kim MJ, Moon SH, Jeong SY, Park KJ. Anterior resection syndrome: a randomized clinical trial of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (ramosetron) in male patients with rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2021; 108:644-651. [PMID: 33982068 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective treatment exists for anterior resection syndrome (ARS) following sphincter-saving surgery for rectal cancer. This RCT assessed the safety and efficacy of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ramosetron, for ARS. METHODS A single-centre, randomized, controlled, open-label, parallel group trial was conducted. Male patients with ARS 1 month after rectal cancer surgery or ileostomy reversal were enrolled and randomly assigned (1 : 1) to 5 μg of ramosetron (Irribow®) daily or conservative treatment for 4 weeks. Low ARS (LARS) score was calculated after randomization and 4 weeks after treatment. The study was designed as a superiority test with a primary endpoint of the proportion of patients with major LARS between the groups. Primary outcome analysis was based on the modified intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events during the study. RESULTS : A total of 100 patients were randomized to the ramosetron (49 patients) or conservative treatment group (51 patients). Two patients were excluded, and 48 and 50 patients were analysed in the ramosetron and control groups, respectively. The proportion of major LARS after 4 weeks was 58 per cent (28 of 48 patients) in the ramosetron group versus 82 per cent (41 of 50 patients) in the control group, with a difference of 23.7 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 5.58 to 39.98, P = 0.011). There were minor adverse events in five patients, which were hard stool, frequent stool or anal pain. These were not different between the two groups. There were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSION : Ramosetron could be safe and feasible for male patients with ARS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02869984 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-B Ryoo
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Colorectal Cancer Centre, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Park
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Colorectal Cancer Centre, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D W Lee
- Centre for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Centre, Goyang, Korea
| | - M A Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Colorectal Cancer Centre, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-H Kwon
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Colorectal Cancer Centre, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Moon
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Colorectal Cancer Centre, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-Y Jeong
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Colorectal Cancer Centre, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K J Park
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Colorectal Cancer Centre, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sheen SS, Kim HJ, Singh D, Hwang SC, Park KJ, Ahn SV, Lee E, Park B, Jung JH, Park RW, Kim JH, Park HS, Park JH. Airflow limitation as a risk factor for vascular stiffness. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 24:577-584. [PMID: 32552994 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and atherosclerosis is a cause of cardiac comorbidities in COPD. However, it is not clear whether airflow limitation is associated with atherosclerosis irrespective of smoking.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether airflow limitation is independently associated with vascular stiffness.METHODS: We enrolled 18 893 participants (male 70.5%; mean age 47.5 ± 9.8 years; never smokers 44.2%) who underwent spirometry and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) as part of a standard health examination at Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, South Korea, from January 2010 to December 2015.We defined vascular peripheral atherosclerosis as baPWV ≥ 1400 cm/s and airflow limitation as pre-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) <70%.RESULTS: Mean baPWV was higher in subjects with airflow limitation (1477.6 ± 331.7 cm/sec, n = 638) than in those without airflow limitation (1344.1 ± 231.8 cm/sec, n = 18255, P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following were independent predictors associated with peripheral atherosclerosis (P < 0.05): age, male sex, fasting serum glucose, mean blood pressure, serum leukocyte count, serum low density lipoprotein level and FEV1.CONCLUSION: Airflow limitation was an independent predictor of vascular stiffness irrespective of smoking history, which suggests that airflow limitation is linked with atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Sheen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - D Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - S C Hwang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - K J Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - S V Ahn
- Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul
| | - E Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - B Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - J H Jung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - R W Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology
| | - H-S Park
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi SJ, Park KJ, Heo C, Park BW, Kim M, Kim JK. Radiomics-based model for predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:627.e13-627.e21. [PMID: 33762138 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop and validate a radiomics-based model for predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using baseline computed tomography (CT) images in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A radiomics signature for predicting pathological complete response (pCR) was developed using radiomics features selected by a random forest classifier on baseline CT images, and imaging predictors were identified in the training set (87 patients). By incorporating imaging predictors and radiomics signature, an imaging-based model was constructed using multivariate logistic regression analysis and validated in an independent validation set consisting of 48 patients with CT from outside institutions. The performance and clinical usefulness of the imaging-based model for predicting pCR were evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis. Using a cut-off determined in the training set, the positive likelihood ratios of the imaging-based model were calculated and compared with imaging and histological predictors. RESULTS The radiomics signature was developed based on six stable radiomics features. An imaging-based model incorporating radiomics signature, tumour shape, tumour size, and clinical stage showed good performance for predicting pCR in both the training (AUC, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.93) and validation (AUC, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60-0.86) sets, providing a larger net benefit in decision curve analysis. The imaging-based model showed a higher positive likelihood ratio (1.91) for pCR than imaging and histological predictors (1.33-1.63). CONCLUSIONS The radiomics-based model using baseline CT images may predict the response of patients with MIBC to NAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Choi
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K J Park
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - C Heo
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - B W Park
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J K Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cho YN, Jeong HS, Park KJ, Kim HS, Kim EH, Jin HM, Jung HJ, Ju JK, Choi SE, Kang JH, Park DJ, Kim TJ, Lee SS, Kee SJ, Park YW. Altered distribution and enhanced osteoclastogenesis of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in gouty arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:2124-2134. [PMID: 32087015 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the role of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in gouty arthritis (GA) and their effects on osteoclastogenesis. METHODS Patients with GA (n = 61), subjects with hyperuricaemia (n = 11) and healthy controls (n = 30) were enrolled in this study. MAIT cells, cytokines, CD69, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) levels were measured by flow cytometry. In vitro osteoclastogenesis experiments were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of M-CSF and RANK ligand. RESULTS Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in GA patients. However, their capacities for IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α production were preserved. Expression levels of CD69, PD-1 and LAG-3 in MAIT cells were found to be elevated in GA patients. In particular, CD69 expression in circulating MAIT cells was increased by stimulation with MSU crystals, suggesting that deposition of MSU crystals might contribute to MAIT cell activation. Interestingly, MAIT cells were found to be accumulated in synovial fluid and infiltrated into gouty tophus tissues within joints. Furthermore, activated MAIT cells secreted pro-resorptive cytokines (i.e. IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α) and facilitated osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells are activated and numerically deficient in GA patients. In addition, MAIT cells have the potential to migrate to inflamed tissues and induce osteoclastogenesis. These findings provide an important role of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of inflammation and bone destruction in GA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Nan Cho
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Seong Jeong
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic MedicineChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Forensic MedicineChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Ju
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoun Kang
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Park
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Seok Lee
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of RheumatologyChonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ju JK, Cho YN, Park KJ, Kwak HD, Jin HM, Park SY, Kim HS, Kee SJ, Park YW. Activation, Deficiency, and Reduced IFN-γ Production of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Innate Immun 2020; 12:422-434. [PMID: 32535589 DOI: 10.1159/000507931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that can activate either in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement or through activating cytokines and play an important role in autoimmune disorders. The study examined the level and function of MAIT cells in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in IBD patients. This MAIT cell deficiency was correlated with IBD disease activity grades, hemoglobin, and CRP. IFN-γ production of circulating MAIT cells in response to both MHC class 1b-like related protein (MR1)-dependent and -independent stimulations was decreased in IBD patients, which was partially associated with reduced activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) transcription factor, a main regulator of IFN-γ production. Expression levels of CD69, programmed death-1 (PD-1), and annexin V in MAIT cells were elevated in IBD patients. CCL20, CXCL10, CXCL16, and CCL25 were expressed higher in inflamed intestinal tissues than in noninflamed tissues. This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells are activated and numerically and functionally deficient in IBD patients. Furthermore, activated MAIT cells have the potential to migrate to inflamed tissues. These findings suggest an important role of MAIT cells in mucosal immunity in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyun Ju
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Deok Kwak
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Markun LC, Sampat A, Dutta R, Palchik GA, Chow M, Park KJ, Yee AH. 1147 Sleep Correlates With Improved Functional Outcome In The Intensive Care Unit. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Disruption of sleep may have significant implications in acute brain injury, functional recovery, and critical illness. Few data exist characterizing sleep architecture in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). We aim to describe sleep and clinical characteristics in patients with acute brain injury and critical illness.
Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed in ICU patients who underwent continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring from 2018-2019. Sleep was scored based on AASM-defined EEG criteria. Clinical variables, EEG characteristics, and modified Ranking Scale (mRS) were collected. Good outcome was defined as mRS<3. Differences were assessed using chi-square analysis and t-test.
Results
205 patients were reviewed with a mean age of 57 years (range 18-91) and a majority (57%) were male. Patients carried a primary neurologic/neurosurgical (61%) or medical/surgical (39%) diagnosis. Status epilepticus, subdural hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, encephalopathy and cardiac arrest accounted for the majority of diagnoses encountered. Only 58 patients (28%) achieved N1 sleep; of these 76.4% achieved N2, 2.8% N3, and none achieved REM. Of those achieving any sleep, 43% had good outcomes versus only 23% in those who did not (t=-7.45, p<0.001). Neurological patients were more likely to attain sleep compared to those with other primary diagnoses (χ 2 (1)=7.08, p=0.008). Centrally acting anesthetics did not account for sleep differences between neurologic and non-neurologic patients (χ² (1)=2.01, p=0.16). However, those with primary brain injury reached sleep more often in the absence of anesthetic use (χ 2 (1)=4.82, p=0.03). The overall mortality was 32% in this cohort.
Conclusion
Most critically ill patients do not achieve electrophysiologic sleep. Of those who do, N1/N2 stages are seen most often. Neurological patients were more likely to sleep, and achieving any sleep was associated with improved functional outcome. Further studies are needed to determine whether sleep augmentation in the critically ill impacts functional outcome.
Support
N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Markun
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - A Sampat
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - R Dutta
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - G A Palchik
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - M Chow
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - K J Park
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - A H Yee
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim S, Kim MH, Oh JH, Jeong SY, Park KJ, Oh HK, Kim DW, Kang SB. Predictors of permanent stoma creation in patients with mid or low rectal cancer: results of a multicentre cohort study with preoperative evaluation of anal function. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:399-407. [PMID: 31698537 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Preoperative factors predictive of permanent stoma creation were investigated in a long-term follow-up of patients with mid or low rectal cancer. METHOD We included patients who underwent radical resection for mid or low rectal cancer with available data for preoperative anal function measured by manometry and Faecal Incontinence Severity Index questionnaire between January 2005 and December 2015 in three tertiary referral hospitals. A permanent stoma was defined as a stoma present until the patient's last follow-up visit or death. Preoperative factors that predicted permanent stoma creation were analysed. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 57.4 months (range 12-143 months), a permanent stoma was created in 144/577 (25.0%) patients, including 89 (15.4%) who underwent abdominoperineal resection, one (0.2%) who underwent Hartmann's operation without reversal, 15 (2.6%) with a diverting ileostomy at the time of initial sphincter-preserving surgery without undergoing stoma reversal, and 39 (6.8%) who underwent permanent ileostomy formation after sphincter-preserving surgery. Patients with permanent stoma creation had a shorter tumour distance from the anal verge (P < 0.001), larger tumour size (P = 0.020) and higher preoperative Faecal Incontinence Severity Index score (P = 0.020). On multivariable analysis, tumour distance from the anal verge predicted permanent stoma formation (relative risk 0.53 per centimetre increase; 95% confidence interval 0.46-0.60; P < 0.001) but preoperative anal function did not. CONCLUSION Tumour distance from the anal verge was the only preoperative determinant of permanent stoma creation in rectal cancer patients. These data may help mid and low rectal cancer patients understand the need for permanent stoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - M H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - J H Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - S-Y Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - K J Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-K Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - D-W Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - S-B Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim SW, Kim MA, Chang Y, Lee HY, Yoon JS, Lee YB, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Yu SJ, Yoon JH, Park KJ, Kim YJ. Prognosis of surgical hernia repair in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites. Hernia 2019; 24:481-488. [PMID: 31512088 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-019-02043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal wall hernias are common in patients with ascites. Elective surgical repair is recommended for the treatment of abdominal wall hernias. However, surgical hernia repair in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites is controversial. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of elective surgical hernia repair in patients with liver cirrhosis with and without refractory ascites. METHOD From January 2005 to June 2018, we retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent a surgical hernia repair. RESULTS This study included 107 patients; 31 patients (29.0%) had refractory ascites. Preoperatively, cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites had a higher median model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score (13.0 vs 11.0, P = 0.001) than those without refractory ascites. The 30-day mortality rate (3.2% vs 0%, P = 0.64) and the risk of recurrence (hazard ratio 0.410; 95% CI 0.050-3.220; P = 0.39) did not differ significantly between cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites and cirrhotic patients without refractory ascites. Among cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites, albumin (P = 0.23), bilirubin (P = 0.37), creatinine (P = 0.97), and sodium levels (P = 0.35) did not change significantly after surgery. CONCLUSION In advanced liver cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites, hernias can be safely treated with elective surgical repair. Mortality rate within 30 days did not differ by the presence or absence of refractory ascites. Elective hernia repair might be beneficial for treatment of abdominal wall hernia in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S W Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M A Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Y Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J S Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Y B Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - E J Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J-H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S J Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J-H Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K J Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stolnicu S, Barsan I, Hoang L, Patel P, Terinte C, Pesci A, Aviel-Ronen S, Kiyokawa T, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Oliva E, Park KJ, Abu-Rustum NR, Pike MC, Soslow RA. Stromal invasion pattern identifies patients at lowest risk of lymph node metastasis in HPV-associated endocervical adenocarcinomas, but is irrelevant in adenocarcinomas unassociated with HPV. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 150:56-60. [PMID: 29859673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Silva invasion pattern-based classification system stratifies endocervical adenocarcinomas (ECAs) into 3 categories corresponding to risk of metastasis and recurrence, but has only been evaluated for HPV-associated ECAs of usual type. We examined whether the Silva system is applicable to all endocervical adenocarcinomas, especially those not associated with HPV. METHODS Complete slide sets from 341 surgical specimens of ECA were collected from 7 institutions worldwide. All specimens were associated with clinical records covering at least 5 years of follow-up. Tumors were classified as HPV-associated (HPVA) or not (NHPVA) by both morphology and detection of HPV using in situ hybridization. Recurrence and survival were analyzed by multivariate Mantel-Haenszel methods. RESULTS Most specimens (292; 85.6%) were HPVA, while 49 (14.3%) were NHPVA. All NHPVAs were Silva pattern C, while 76.0% of HPVAs were pattern C, 14.7% pattern A, and 9.3% pattern B. Including both HPVAs and NHPVAs, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was detected in 0% of pattern A, 18.5% of pattern B and 62.6% of pattern C cases (p < 0.001). None of the pattern A or B cases were associated with lymph node metastases (LNM), in contrast to pattern C cases (21.8%). Among patients with Silva pattern C ECA, those with HPVA tumors had a lower recurrence rate and better survival than those with NHPVA; however, when adjusted for stage at diagnosis, the difference in recurrence and mortality was small and not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Application of the Silva system is only relevant in HPVA cervical adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Stolnicu
- University of Medicine, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - I Barsan
- University of Medicine, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - L Hoang
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P Patel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Terinte
- Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | - A Pesci
- Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, Italy
| | - S Aviel-Ronen
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - T Kiyokawa
- Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - E Oliva
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K J Park
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N R Abu-Rustum
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M C Pike
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R A Soslow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim MJ, Kim SS, Park KJ, An HJ, Choi YH, Lee NH, Hyun CG. Methyl jasmonate inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine production via mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. Pharmazie 2018; 71:540-543. [PMID: 29441852 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2016.6647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate is an important signaling molecule involved in plant defense as well as in the regulation of plant growth and development. Despite its various functions in plants, its effects on animal cells have not been widely studied and no report has been issued on the molecular aspects of its anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of methyl jasmonate in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Methyl jasmonate treatment effectively inhibited LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, it attenuated the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by suppressing the degradation of the inhibitor of κB-α (IκB-α). Additionally, methyl jasmonate dose-dependently blocked the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), i.e., p38 kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), in these cells. These results suggest that methyl jasmonate attenuated the LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines by suppressing the activation of MAPK (JNK, ERK and p38) and NF-κB signaling. This study not only demonstrated that methyl jasmonate exerts anti-inflammatory activities in macrophages but also revealed its potential as a candidate for the treatment of various inflammation-associated diseases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Choi S, Ryoo SB, Park KJ, Kim DS, Song KH, Kim KH, Chung SS, Shin EJ, Cho YB, Oh ST, Kang WK, Kim MH. Autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cells for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas not associated with Crohn's disease: a phase II clinical trial for safety and efficacy. Tech Coloproctol 2017; 21:345-353. [PMID: 28567691 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-017-1630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) is a novel method for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ASCs in the treatment of complex anal fistulas not associated with Crohn's disease. METHODS A phase II clinical trial was performed comparing two different doses of ASCs (group 1: 1 × 107 cells/mL and group 2: 2 × 107 cells/mL). Eligible patients were administered an amount of ASCs proportional to the length of the fistula by injection into the submucosal layer surrounding the internal opening and inside of the fistula tract. ASCs at twice the initial concentration were administered if complete closure was not achieved within 8 weeks. The efficacy endpoint was the complete closure of fistulas 8 weeks after injection. Patients demonstrating complete closure at week 8 were subjected to follow-up for 6 months. RESULTS Fifteen patients were injected with ASCs; thirteen completed the study. Complete closure was observed in 69.2% (9/13) of patients at 8 weeks. Three of five patients in group 1, and six of eight in group 2 displayed complete closure; no significant differences were observed between the groups. Six of nine patients who showed complete closure participated in additional follow-up; five (83.3%) showed persistent response at 6 months. No grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) were observed; observed AEs were not related to ASC treatment. CONCLUSION ASCs might be a good option for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas are not healed by conventional operative procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Choi
- Kangwon National University Hospital, 156, Baengnyeong-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - S-B Ryoo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro (28 Yeongeon-dong), Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03082, Republic of Korea
| | - K J Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro (28 Yeongeon-dong), Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03082, Republic of Korea.
| | - D-S Kim
- Daehang Hospital, 2151, Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06699, Republic of Korea
| | - K-H Song
- Daehang Hospital, 2151, Nambusunhwan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06699, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Ewha Womans University Medical Center, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - S S Chung
- Ewha Womans University Medical Center, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - E J Shin
- Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 170, Jomaru-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Y B Cho
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - S T Oh
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - W-K Kang
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Kim
- Anterogen Co., Ltd., 130, Digital-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08589, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bulumulla SB, Park KJ, Fiveland E, Iannotti J, Robb F. MEMS switch integrated radio frequency coils and arrays for magnetic resonance imaging. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:025003. [PMID: 28249476 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface coils are widely used in magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. While smaller diameter coils produce higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) closer to the coil, imaging larger fields of view or greater distance into the sample requires a larger overall size array or, in the case of a channel count limited system, larger diameter coils. In this work, we consider reconfiguring the geometry of coils and coil arrays such that the same coil or coil array may be used in multiple field of view imaging. A custom designed microelectromechanical systems switch, compatible with magnetic resonance imaging, is used to switch in/out conductive sections and components to reconfigure coils. The switch does not degrade the SNR and can be opened/closed in 10 μs, leading to rapid reconfiguration. Results from a single coil, configurable between small/large configurations, and a two-coil phased array, configurable between spine/torso modes, are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Bulumulla
- GE Global Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, New York 12309, USA
| | - K J Park
- GE Global Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, New York 12309, USA
| | - E Fiveland
- GE Global Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, New York 12309, USA
| | - J Iannotti
- GE Global Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, New York 12309, USA
| | - F Robb
- GE Healthcare, 1515 Danner Drive, Aurora, Ohio 44202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park KJ, Ryoo SB, Kim JS, Kim TI, Baik SH, Kim HJ, Lee KY, Kim M, Kim WH. Allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of perianal fistula in Crohn's disease: a pilot clinical trial. Colorectal Dis 2016; 18:468-76. [PMID: 26603576 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Many perianal fistulae in Crohn's disease do not respond to conventional surgical and medical management and recurrence rates are high. The study evaluated the safety and feasibility of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of perianal fistula in Crohn's disease. METHOD A multicentre, open-label, dose escalation pilot study was performed. The first three patients (group 1) were administered 1 × 10(7) cells/ml based on the size of the fistula tract. Four weeks later, after which time this dose had been confirmed to be safe, the next three patients (group 2) were administered 3 × 10(7) cells/ml. The end-point was complete closure at 8 weeks after the injection. Patients who attended for the 8 week assessment were followed for an additional 6 months. RESULTS There were no adverse events of Grade 3 or 4 severity and no adverse events related to the treatment with allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. Two patients in group 1 achieved complete closure of the fistula at month 4 and month 6, and one patient in group 2 achieved complete closure at 8 weeks. The closure was sustained up to month 8 in all three of those patients. CONCLUSION These data suggest that allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells may be a feasible treatment option for perianal fistula in Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-B Ryoo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T I Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Baik
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Kim
- Anterogen Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea
| | - W H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jin HM, Kee SJ, Cho YN, Kang JH, Kim MJ, Jung HJ, Park KJ, Kim TJ, Lee SI, Choi H, Koh JT, Kim N, Park YW. Dysregulated osteoclastogenesis is related to natural killer T cell dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 67:2639-50. [PMID: 26097058 DOI: 10.1002/art.39244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role played by natural killer T (NKT) cells in osteoclastogenesis and their effects on inflammatory bone destruction. METHODS Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 12) were enrolled in this study. In vitro osteoclastogenesis experiments were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANKL. PBMCs were cultured in vitro with α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), and proliferation indices of NKT cells were estimated by flow cytometry. In vivo effects of αGalCer-stimulated NKT cells on inflammation and bone destruction were determined in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. RESULTS In vitro osteoclastogenesis was found to be significantly inhibited by αGalCer in healthy controls but not in RA patients. Proliferative responses of NKT cells and STAT-1 phosphorylation in monocytes in response to αGalCer were impaired in RA patients. Notably, αGalCer-stimulated NKT cells inhibited osteoclastogenesis mainly via interferon-γ production in a cytokine-dependent manner (not by cell-cell contact) and down-regulated osteoclast-associated genes. Mice treated with αGalCer showed less severe arthritis and reduced bone destruction. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokine expression in arthritic joints was found to be reduced by αGalCer treatment. CONCLUSION This study primarily demonstrates that αGalCer-stimulated NKT cells have a regulatory effect on osteoclastogenesis and a protective effect against inflammatory bone destruction. However, it also shows that these effects of αGalCer are diminished in RA patients and that this is related to NKT cell dysfunction. These findings provide important information for those searching for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent bone destruction in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Mi Jin
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Kang
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ju Kim
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Choi
- Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Chonnam National University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Park KJ, Jin HM, Cho YN, Kang JH, Jung HJ, Kang JH, Kim JE, Yim YR, Lee JW, Lee KE, Park DJ, Kim TJ, Lee SS, Kee SJ, Park YW. Clinical and Hematological Effects of Tocilizumab on Serum Hepcidin, Anemia Response and Disease Activity in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2016.23.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jeong Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoun Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yi-Rang Yim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Shin-Seok Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kwon YS, Jin HM, Cho YN, Kim MJ, Kang JH, Jung HJ, Park KJ, Kee HJ, Kee SJ, Park YW. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Deficiency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2015; 13:196-202. [PMID: 26552490 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1069806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been reported to play an important role in mucosal immunity. However, little is known about the roles of MAIT cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aims of this study were to examine the levels of circulating MAIT cells and their subsets in COPD patients and to investigate the potential relationship between clinical parameters and MAIT cell levels. Forty-five COPD patients and 57 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Circulating MAIT cells and their subset levels in the peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. Disease grades were classified according to the GOLD criteria for the assessment of severity of COPD. Circulating MAIT cell levels were found to be significantly reduced in COPD patients. In particular, this MAIT cell deficiency was more prominent in CD8+ and double-negative T cell subsets. Interestingly, elevated serum C-reactive protein level and reduced FEV1/FVC ratio were associated with MAIT cell deficiency in COPD patients. Furthermore, the circulating MAIT levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with moderate to severe COPD than in patients with mild COPD. Our data shows that MAIT cells are numerically deficient in the peripheral blood of patients with COPD. In addition, this MAIT cell deficiency was found to reflect inflammatory activity and disease severity. These findings provide important information for monitoring the changes in MAIT cell levels and for predicting the prognosis during the disease course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Soo Kwon
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- b Department of Rheumatology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- b Department of Rheumatology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ju Kim
- b Department of Rheumatology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Kang
- b Department of Rheumatology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- b Department of Rheumatology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- b Department of Rheumatology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- c Heart Research Center , Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- d Department of Laboratory Medicine , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- b Department of Rheumatology , Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim SS, Lee SY, Park KJ, Park SM, An HJ, Hyun JM, Choi YH. Gluconacetobacter sp. gel_SEA623-2, bacterial cellulose producing bacterium isolated from citrus fruit juice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 24:314-319. [PMID: 28149167 PMCID: PMC5272943 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose producing bacterial strain was isolated from citrus fruit juice fungus. The isolated strain was identified as Gluconacetobacter sp. gel_SEA623-2 based on several morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA conducted. Culture conditions for bacterial cellulose production by SEA623-2 were screened in static trays. Conditions were extensively optimized by varying the kind of fruit juice, pH, sugar concentration, and temperature for maximum cellulose production. SEA623-2 has a high productive capacity in citrus processing medium, but not in other fruits. The optimal combination of the media constituents for bacterial cellulose production is as follows: 10% citrus juice, 10% sucrose, 1% acetic acid, and 1% ethanol at 30 °C, pH 3.5. Bacterial cellulose produced by SEA623-2 has soft physical properties, high tensile strength, and high water retention value. The cellulose produced by the selected bacteria is suitable as a cosmetic and medical material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Kim
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Lee
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - K J Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - H J An
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Hyun
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Choi
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ryoo SB, Oh HK, Han EC, Song YS, Seo MS, Choe EK, Moon SH, Park KJ. Comparison between a new electronic bidet and conventional sitz baths: a manometric evaluation of the anal resting pressure in normal healthy volunteers. Tech Coloproctol 2015. [PMID: 26223798 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-015-1350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bidet has been proposed as a replacement for the sitz bath. Like a sitz bath, it brings water into contact with the perineum. However, the high force of water from commercially used electronic bidets may harm the anus. We developed a new electronic bidet and evaluated its effects on anal resting pressure compared with a warm sitz bath. METHODS Forty volunteers used the electronic bidet and sitz bath on separate days. The electronic bidet was newly designed with warm (38 °C) water and very low force (10 mN) with a fountain type of flow. Anal resting pressure at the high-pressure zone was measured before (control) and after the electronic bidet and sitz bath. Pressure changes after bidet or sitz bath were expressed as percentages compared with control. Water temperatures and rectal temperatures were also recorded. RESULTS The anal resting pressures before the electronic bidet and sitz bath were 90.2 ± 24.6 and 88.1 ± 16.8 mmHg, respectively. At 3 min after the electronic bidet and sitz bath, the anal resting pressures were 71.3 ± 23.4 and 69.6 ± 19.8 mmHg, respectively. The pressure changes compared with the control were 78.2 ± 12.9 and 78.1 ± 12.5%, respectively, which were not significantly different. The maximal increase and minimal decrease were not significantly different. The rectal temperature was not elevated, and the water temperature decreased significantly with the sitz bath (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our new electronic bidet may reduce the anal resting pressure much like a warm sitz bath does.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-B Ryoo
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro (28 Yongon-dong), Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cho YN, Kee SJ, Kim TJ, Jin HM, Kim MJ, Jung HJ, Park KJ, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Kwon YS, Kee HJ, Kim N, Park YW. Mucosal-associated invariant T cell deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 2014; 193:3891-901. [PMID: 25225673 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells contribute to protection against certain microorganism infections and play an important role in mucosal immunity. However, the role of MAIT cells remains enigmatic in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we examined the level and function of MAIT cells in patients with rheumatic diseases. MAIT cell, cytokine, and programmed death-1 (PD-1) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis patients. In particular, this MAIT cell deficiency was more prominent in CD8(+) and double-negative T cell subsets, and significantly correlated with disease activity, such as SLE disease activity index and 28-joint disease activity score. Interestingly, MAIT cell frequency was significantly correlated with NKT cell frequency in SLE patients. IFN-γ production in MAIT cells was impaired in SLE patients, which was due to an intrinsic defect in the Ca(2+)/calcineurin/NFAT1 signaling pathway. In SLE patients, MAIT cells were poorly activated by α-galactosylceramide-stimulated NKT cells, thereby showing the dysfunction between MAIT cells and NKT cells. Notably, an elevated expression of PD-1 in MAIT cells and NKT cells was associated with SLE. In rheumatoid arthritis patients, MAIT cell levels were significantly higher in synovial fluid than in peripheral blood. Our study primarily demonstrates that MAIT cells are numerically and functionally deficient in SLE. In addition, we report a novel finding that this MAIT cell deficiency is associated with NKT cell deficiency and elevated PD-1 expression. These abnormalities possibly contribute to dysregulated mucosal immunity in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ju Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ji Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Seok Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sheen S, Sun JS, Park JH, Oh YM, Ki SK, Kim K, Park SB, Kim BT, Lee M, Jung YJ, Chung WY, Lee KS, Park KJ, Hwang SC. Unique features of non-obstructive emphysema and pure airway obstruction. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18:109-16. [PMID: 24365562 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Emphysema without airway obstruction or airway obstruction without emphysema are often detected clinically, although they are commonly co-existent. We therefore tested the hypothesis that non-obstructive emphysema and pure airway obstruction have unique features. METHODS A case-control observation study was undertaken retrospectively in a patient cohort at a single centre. Among 2662 subjects who underwent chest computed tomography and pulmonary function tests, we enrolled 90 patients with non-obstructive emphysema, 119 with pure airway obstruction, 81 with obstructive emphysema and 2031 subjects as normal controls. The features of the four groups were analysed and compared. RESULTS Higher serum homocysteine (13.4 ± 7.4 vs. 11.6 ± 4.6 mol/l), higher rate of osteoporosis (15.8% vs. 4.5%), higher leukocyte count, higher male ratio, lower serum albumin and lower body mass index were observed in subjects with non-obstructive emphysema than in controls (P < 0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis of groups without airway obstruction, osteoporosis, hyperhomocysteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and higher leukocyte count were independent factors associated with non-obstructive emphysema (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Hyperhomocysteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, osteoporosis and higher leukocyte count were independent predictors of non-obstructive emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sheen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-M Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Ki
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - K Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S B Park
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - B T Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - M Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Jung
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - W Y Chung
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - K J Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Hwang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Park YC, Park BC, Romankov S, Park KJ, Yoo JH, Lee YB, Yang JM. Use of permanent marker to deposit a protection layer against FIB damage in TEM specimen preparation. J Microsc 2014; 255:180-7. [PMID: 24957186 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Permanent marker deposition (PMD), which creates permanent writing on an object with a permanent marker, was investigated as a method to deposit a protection layer against focused ion beam damage. PMD is a simple, fast and cheap process. Further, PMD is excellent in filling in narrow and deep trenches, enabling damage-free observation of high aspect ratio structures with atomic resolution in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microstructure, composition, gap filling ability and planarization of the PMD layer were studied using dual beam focused ion beam, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. It was found that a PMD layer is basically an amorphous carbon structure, and that such a layer should be at least 65 nm thick to protect a surface against 30 keV focused ion beam damage. We suggest that such a PMD layer can be an excellent protection layer to maintain a pristine sample structure against focused ion beam damage during transmission electron microscopy specimen preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Park
- National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hong YJ, Cho YN, Kim TJ, Jin HM, Kim MJ, Jung HJ, Kang JH, Lee SJ, Park KJ, Kim N, Kee SJ, Park YW. Functional deficiency of natural killer cells in acute coronary syndrome is related to ineffective degranulation. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:613-5. [PMID: 24507742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ju Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Kang
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ji Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee OJ, Cho YN, Kee SJ, Kim MJ, Jin HM, Lee SJ, Park KJ, Kim TJ, Lee SS, Kwon YS, Kim N, Shin MG, Shin JH, Suh SP, Ryang DW, Park YW. Circulating mucosal-associated invariant T cell levels and their cytokine levels in healthy adults. Exp Gerontol 2013; 49:47-54. [PMID: 24269212 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been reported to play an antimicrobial role in infectious diseases. However, little is known about age- and gender-related changes in circulating MAIT cell level and function in healthy population. The purposes of this study were to examine the level and cytokine production of circulating MAIT cells and their subsets in healthy adults and to investigate potential relationships between clinical parameters and MAIT cell levels or their subset levels. One hundred thirty-three healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. MAIT cells, their subset, and cytokine levels were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT cell levels were found to vary widely (0.19% to 21.7%) in the study subjects and to be significantly lower in elderly subjects (age, 61-92 years) than in young subjects (age, 21-40 years) (p<0.0005). No significant difference was found in the circulating MAIT cell levels between male and female subjects. A linear regression analysis revealed that circulating MAIT cell levels declined annually by 3.2% among men and 1.8% among women, respectively. Notably, the proportion of CD4+ MAIT cells increased with age, whereas that of CD8+ MAIT cells decreased with age. In addition, the production of interleukin (IL)-4 by MAIT cells was found to be significantly increased in elderly subjects and the ratio of interferon (IFN)-γ/IL-4 was lower as compared with young subjects, showing a Th1 to Th2 shift in cytokine profile in elderly subjects. Our data suggest that aging is associated with a reduction in circulating MAIT cells, accompanied with alterations in subset composition and cytokine profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O-Jin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nan Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon-Ju Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ji Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Seok Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pulmonology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Pal Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Ryang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Park JH, Kim TY, Lee KH, Han SW, Oh DY, Im SA, Kang GH, Chie EK, Ha SW, Jeong SY, Park KJ, Park JG, Kim TY. The beneficial effect of palliative resection in metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1425-31. [PMID: 23481187 PMCID: PMC3629435 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to determine the role of palliative resection in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and ascertain which patient populations would benefit most from this treatment. Methods: A total of 1015 patients diagnosed with mCRC at Seoul National University Hospital between 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively studied. Results: Of the 1015 patients, 168 patients with only liver and/or lung metastasis received curative resection. The remaining 847 patients were treated with palliative chemotherapy and/or palliative resection combined with best supportive care. Palliative resection was performed in 527 (62.2%) cases (complete resection with negative margin (R0) in 93, R1/2 in 434). Resected patients had a more prolonged median overall survival (OS) than unresected patients (21.3 vs 14.1 months; P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, R0 resection was found to be associated with a superior OS compared with R1/2 resection (51.3 vs 19.1 months; P<0.001) and no resection (51.3 vs 14.1 months; P<0.001). When we performed propensity score matching, palliative resection was found to be related to prolonged OS (hazard ratio=0.72, 95% confidence interval=0.59–0.89; P=0.003). Conclusion: Palliative resection without residual disease and chemotherapy confers a longer-term survival outcome than palliative chemotherapy alone in mCRC patient subset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehang-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu L, Ko E, Dulkin A, Park KJ, Fields S, Leeser K, Meng L, Ruzic DN. Flux and energy analysis of species in hollow cathode magnetron ionized physical vapor deposition of copper. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:123502. [PMID: 21198018 DOI: 10.1063/1.3504371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To meet the stringent requirements of interconnect metallization for sub-32 nm technologies, an unprecedented level of flux and energy control of film forming species has become necessary to further advance ionized physical vapor deposition technology. Such technology development mandates improvements in methods to quantify the metal ion fraction, the gas∕metal ion ratio, and the associated ion energies in the total ion flux to the substrate. In this work, a novel method combining planar Langmuir probes, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and gridded energy analyzer (GEA) custom instrumentation is developed to estimate the plasma density and temperature as well as to measure the metal ion fraction and ion energy. The measurements were conducted in a Novellus Systems, Inc. Hollow Cathode Magnetron (HCM(TM)) physical vapor deposition source used for deposition of Cu seed layer for 65-130 nm technology nodes. The gridded energy analyzer was employed to measure ion flux and ion energy, which was compared to the collocated planar Langmuir probe data. The total ion-to-metal neutral ratio was determined by the QCM combined with GEA. The data collection technique and the corresponding analysis are discussed. The effect of concurrent resputtering during the deposition process on film thickness profile is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Wu
- Novellus Systems, Inc., 4000 North 1st St., San Jose, California 95134, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zivanovic O, Leitao MM, Park KJ, Zhao H, Diaz JP, Konner J, Alektiar K, Chi DS, Abu-Rustum NR, Aghajanian C. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: Analysis of outcome, recurrence pattern and the impact of platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 112:590-3. [PMID: 19110302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNEC), and to determine whether platinum-based combination chemotherapy is beneficial for this population. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with SCNEC who were treated at our institution between 1/1990 and 2/2007. Patients were excluded if pathologic diagnosis was not confirmed at our institution. Standard statistical methods were utilized. RESULTS Seventeen patients met inclusion criteria. The estimated 3-year PFS and OS rates for the entire group were 22% and 30%, respectively. Median time to progression was 9.1 months. Extent of disease was the only significant prognostic factor. Median OS for patients with early stage disease (IA1-IB2) was 31.2 months and 6.4 months for patients with advanced stage disease (IIB-IV, P=0.034). In the early-stage disease group, the 3-year distant recurrence-free survival rate was 83% for patients who received chemotherapy and 0% for patients who did not receive chemotherapy as part of their initial treatment (P=0.025). The estimated 3-year OS rate was 83% for patients who received and 20% for patients who did not receive chemotherapy as part of their initial treatment (P=0.36). CONCLUSION Given the rarity of SCNEC this retrospective analysis is limited by a small number of patients. However, the natural history of this rare disease is akin to small cell lung cancer and the prognosis is poor due to the tumor's propensity for distant spread. The treatment should conform to the treatment of small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Zivanovic
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and location of enlarged mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) due to chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (CPTE) and to identify possible causes. Thoracic CT images of 85 patients (43 men and 42 women, aged 18-80 years) with PAH in whom CPTE was confirmed at surgery (n = 75) or angiography and angioscopy (n = 10) were evaluated by two thoracic radiologists to determine the presence, size and location of lymph nodes more than 1 cm in the short axis. The presence of pleural and pericardial effusions and parenchymal abnormalities were also noted. Enlarged lymph nodes were identified in 38 patients (44.7%), including 11 with possible causes of lymphadenopathy other than CPTE. In the 27 patients with CPTE alone, 67 enlarged lymph nodes were detected (average 2.5 per patient). Nine patients had three or more enlarged lymph nodes. The most common sites of lymph node enlargement were American Thoracic Society locations 7 (n = 13), 6 (n = 10), 11L (n = 9), 10R (n = 7) and 4R (n = 7). Pleural and pericardial effusions were more common in patients with CPTE who also had lymphadenopathy than in the group with no lymphadenopathy (P < 0.05). Lymph node enlargement is common in patients with PAH caused by CPTE. The frequent association of lymphadenopathy with pleural and pericardial effusions suggest a possible pathophysiological mechanism of increased lymphatic flow caused by right heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Bergin
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee HW, Choi JH, Lim HY, Park JS, Kim HC, Kang S, Oh YT, Chun M, Sheen SS, Oh YJ, Park KJ, Hwang SC. The addition of induction chemotherapy with etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin failed to improve therapeutic outcome of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer -- single institution retrospective analysis. Neoplasma 2006; 53:30-6. [PMID: 16416010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a standard treatment for unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the optimal sequencing remains to be determined. We retrospectively compared the treatment results of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent CRT (induction group, 32 patients) with those of concurrent CRT alone (concurrent group, 41 patients) in unresectable stage IIIA/IIIB NSCLC patients. In induction group, 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy (etoposide/ifosfamide/cisplatin: 24 patients, others: 8 patients) were followed by concurrent CRT (60 Gy/30 fractions, 6 mg/m2 of cisplatin daily), while the same concurrent CRT was administered in concurrent group. Clinicopathologic characteristics including age, weight loss, histologic types, and clinical stage did not show significant differences between two groups except for a higher proportion of patients with ECOG performance status 2 in concurrent group (3% vs. 27%, p=0.015). Overall toxicity was generally acceptable with 1 treatment-related death from tracheoesophageal fistula in induction group. The response rates after concurrent CRT were 41% for induction group and 54% for concurrent group, which showed no significant difference (p=0.560). With median follow-up of 13 (1-92) months, there was a trend toward an advantage for concurrent group in median progression-free survival (6 months vs 8.3 months, p=0.067) and overall survival (12 months vs. 14.5 months, p=0.059). In multivariate analysis, only more than 10% weight loss within 6 months was significantly associated with poor survival (p=0.001). In conclusion, the addition of induction chemotherapy to concurrent CRT did not show any advantage over concurrent CRT alone in locally advanced NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-W Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-721, Korea (Rep.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lim SB, Heo SC, Lee MR, Kang SB, Park YJ, Park KJ, Choi HS, Jeong SY, Park JG. Changes in outcome with sphincter preserving surgery for rectal cancer in Korea, 1991-2000. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31:242-9. [PMID: 15780558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2004.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To report the clinical and oncological data of patients operated on for rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV over a 10 year period, including the Sphincter preservation (SP) rate. METHODS We reviewed medical records of 304 patients with rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV who underwent surgical resection from January 1991 through December 2000. The 10 years were divided into three periods based on the introduction of new surgical techniques, specifically, ultralow anterior resection (ULAR) with double stapling in March 1994 and ULAR with coloanal anastomosis in April 1997. The rates of SP, complications and patient survival during these periods were compared. RESULTS The SP rate increased significantly over the 10 years, from 16.4% in period I (January 1991-February 1994), to 53.0% in period II (March 1994-March 1997), to 86.5% in period III (April 1997-December 2000) (p<0.001). Over time, the age of the patients increased (p=0.004), the length of the distal resection margin became shorter (p=0.005), and the rate of lymph node metastasis increased (p=0.016). The factors significantly influencing SP were the period (p<0.001) and the distance from the AV (p<0.001). Over time, morbidity did not increase, and overall and disease free survival rates did not decrease. In contrast, the overall survival of N2 cases significantly increased over time (p=0.0492). CONCLUSION Over 10 years, the SP rate in rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV was significantly increased by the introduction of the double stapling and coloanal anastomosis techniques. These surgical methods, however, had no effect on morbidity, disease free survival and overall survival rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-B Lim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The effects of the manure compost/coconut peels on the ammonia removal efficiency were examined from dairy manure composting mixed with crop residues. The high rapid composting and manure compost biofiltration experiments consisted of three biofilter vessels with one composter. Dairy manure amended with rice hulls and sawdust was composted in 605 L pilot-scale composter using continuous aeration for 19 days. Three pilot-scale manure compost biofilter amended with media bed 500 mm in depth and 300 mm in diameter were built to clean ammonia emission from composter, respectively. The manure compost biofilter media in the three experimental vessels was using a 50:50 by weight mixture of manure compost and coconut peels (MC/CP). The ammonia concentrations at the inlet and outlet biofilter media were measured by boric acid traps as described by Hong et al. [Hong, J.H., Keener, H.M., Elwell, D.L., 1998. Preliminary study of the effect of continuous and intermittent aeration on composting hog manure amended with sawdust. Compost Science and Utilization 6 (3), 74-88]. Results indicated that the mixture of MC/CP performed well as a biofilter media and the ammonia removal efficiency was 100% for the filter depth of 500 mm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Hong
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, South Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Cyclical periods of depolarization (slow waves) underlie peristaltic contractions involved in mixing and emptying of contents in the gastric antrum. Slow waves originate from a myenteric network of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-MY). In this study we have visualized the sequence and propagation of Ca(2+) transients associated with pacemaker potentials in the ICC network and longitudinal (LM) and circular muscle (CM) layers of the isolated guinea-pig gastric antrum. Gastric antrum was dissected to reveal the ICC-MY network, loaded with Fluo-4 AM and activity was monitored at 37 degrees C. Ca(2+) waves propagated throughout the ICC-MY network at an average velocity of 3.24 +/- 0.12 mm s(-1) at a frequency of 4.87 +/- 0.16 cycles min(-1) (n= 4). The propagation of the Ca(2+) wave often appeared 'step-like', with separate regions of the network being activated after variable delays. The direction of propagation was highly variable (Delta angle of propagation 44.3 +/- 10.9 deg per cycle) and was not confined to the axes of the longitudinal or circular muscle. Ca(2+) waves appeared to spread out radially from the site of initiation. The initiating Ca(2+) wave in ICC-MY was correlated to secondary Ca(2+) waves in intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal, ICC-IM, and smooth muscle cells, and the local distortion (contraction) in a field of view. TTX (1 microm) had little effect on slow wave or pacemaker potential activity, but 2-APB (50 microm) blocked all Ca(2+) waves, indicating a pivotal role for intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Nicardipine (2 microm) eliminated the Ca(2+) transient generated by smooth muscle, but did not affect the fast upstroke associated with ICC-MY. These results indicate that slow waves follow a sequence of activation, beginning with the ICC-MY and ICC-IM network, followed later by a sustained Ca(2+) transient in the muscle layers that is responsible for contraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G W Hennig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jeong Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, DSRI, Chonnam National University, Korea
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, DSRI, Chonnam National University, Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, DSRI, Chonnam National University, Korea
| | - Won-Mann Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, DSRI, Chonnam National University, Korea
| | - In-Nam Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, DSRI, Chonnam National University, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
SUMMARYTwo barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) flying in the Lund wind tunnel were filmed using synchronised high-speed cameras to obtain posterior, ventral and lateral views of the birds in horizontal flapping flight. We investigated wingbeat kinematics, body tilt angle, tail spread and angle of attack at speeds of 4–14ms−1. Wingbeat frequency showed a clear U-shaped relationship with air speed with minima at 8.9ms−1(bird 1) and 8.7ms−1 (bird 2). A method previously used by other authors of estimating the body drag coefficient (CD,par) by obtaining agreement between the calculated minimum power (Vmin) and the observed minimum wingbeat frequency does not appear to be valid in this species, possibly due to upstroke pauses that occur at intermediate and high speeds, causing the apparent wingbeat frequency to be lower. These upstroke pauses represent flap-gliding, which is possibly a way of adjusting the force generated to the requirements at medium and high speeds, similar to the flap-bound mode of flight in other species. Body tilt angle, tail spread and angle of attack all increase with decreasing speed, thereby providing an additional lift surface and suggesting an important aerodynamic function for the tail at low speeds in forward flight. Results from this study indicate the high plasticity in the wingbeat kinematics and use of the tail that birds have available to them in order to adjust the lift and power output required for flight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Choi JH, Kim HC, Lim HY, Nam DK, Kim HS, Yi JW, Chun M, Oh YT, Kang S, Park KJ, Hwang SC, Lee YH, Hahn MH. Vascular endothelial growth factor in the serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: correlation with platelet and leukocyte counts. Lung Cancer 2001; 33:171-9. [PMID: 11551412 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(01)00200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic peptide expressed in a wide variety of tumors, and it stimulates angiogenesis and increases vascular permeability. Increased expression of VEGF may be associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of VEGF were determined in serum from 41 patients with untreated NSCLC (Stage: IIB, 3; IIIA, 6; IIIB, 17; IV, 15; HISTOLOGY squamous cell carcinoma, 18; adenocarcinoma. 14; undetermined, 9). RESULTS The median VEGF level was 312 pg/ml, ranging from 70 to 1440 pg/ml. Patients were divided into high VEGF (>312 pg/ml) and low VEGF (< or =312 pg/ml) groups using the median value as a cut-off. There were no significant associations between the serum VEGF levels and various clinicopathologic characteristics including age, gender, histologic type, stage and treatment. A significant positive correlation was found between serum VEGF levels and platelet counts (r=0.495; P=0.001). In addition, serum VEGF levels also correlated with leukocyte counts (r=0.478; P=0.002). In seven patients with measurement of follow-up serum VEGF levels at the end of treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy), the median serum VEGF level significantly decreased after the treatment (416 pg/ml; range, 96-812 pg/ml vs. 185 pg/ml; range, 49-487 pg/ml; P=0.028). However, the median platelet count (317,000/microl; range, 190,000-395,000/microl vs. 246,000/microl; range, 72,000-271,000/microl; P=0.028) and leukocyte count (10,000/microl; range, 8700-17,200/microl vs. 5100/microl; range, 3900-9500/microl; P=0.018) also decreased after the treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the median survival of the patients between high VEGF group and low VEGF group (8 months vs. 9 months, P=0.647). CONCLUSIONS Although serum VEGF level was significantly associated with platelet and leukocyte counts in NSCLC patients, it did not correlate with tumor burden and prognosis of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Choi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Sowon 442-721, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chung YM, Park KJ, Choi SY, Hwang SB, Lee SY. Hepatitis C virus core protein potentiates TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation through TRAF2-IKKbeta-dependent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:15-9. [PMID: 11374864 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has implicated that the core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) may play a modulatory effect on NF-kappaB activation induced by TNF-alpha. However, it is unclear how HCV core protein modulates TNF-alpha-induced NK-kappaB activation. Here we show that overexpression of HCV core protein potentiates NF-kappaB activation induced by TNF-alpha. Expression of dominant negative form of TRAF2 inhibits the synergistic effects of HCV core protein on NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that HCV core protein potentiates NF-kappaB activation through TRAF2. Moreover, we demonstrate that HCV core protein potentiates TRAF2-mediated NF-kappaB activation via IKKbeta. In addition, HCV core protein associates with TNF-R1-TRADD-TRAF2 signaling complex, resulting in synergistically activation of NF-kappaB induced by TNF-alpha. Thus, these observations indicate that HCV core protein may play an important role in the regulation of the cellular inflammatory and immune responses through NF-kappaB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Chung
- Division of Molecular Life Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Oh SN, Youn YH, Park KJ, Min HK, Schnell RC. Surface measurements of global warming causing atmospheric constituents in Korea. Environ Monit Assess 2001; 70:21-34. [PMID: 11516015 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010655000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of the industrial economy and the increase of population in Northeast Asian countries have caused much interest in climate monitoring related to global warming. However, new techniques and better platforms for the measurement of global warming and regional databases are still old-fashioned and are not being developed sufficiently. With respect to this agenda, since 1993, at the request of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), to monitor functions of global warming, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) has set up a Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Station on the western coast of Korea (Anmyun-do) and has been actively monitoring global warming over Northeast Asia. In addition, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has been measured for a similar KMA global warming program at Kosan, Cheju Island since 1990. Aerosol and radiation have also been measured at both sites as well as in Seoul. The observations have been analyzed using diagnostics of climate change in Northeast Asia and also have been internationally compared. Results indicate that greenhouse gases are in good statistic agreement with the NOAA/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) long-term trends of monthly mean concentrations and seasonal cycles. Atmospheric particulate matter has also been analyzed for particular Asian types in terms of optical depth, number concentration and size distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Oh
- Applied Meteorology Research Laboratory, Meteorological Research Institute, Korea Meteorology Administration, Seoul, .
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jeong HS, Jeong KC, Choi HK, Park KJ, Lee KH, Rhee JH, Choi SH. Differential expression of Vibrio vulnificus elastase gene in a growth phase-dependent manner by two different types of promoters. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:13875-80. [PMID: 11297524 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010567200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastase activity of Vibrio vulnificus was highly dependent on growth phase, reached a maximum during the stationary phase, and was regulated at the level of transcription. The stationary phase production of elastase in crp or rpoS mutants, which were constructed by allelic exchanges, decreased about 3- and 10-fold, respectively. However, the promoter activity of vvpE encoding elastase was unaffected by those mutations in the log phase when analyzed using a vvpE-lux fusion. A primer extension analysis revealed that the transcription of vvpE begins at two different sites, consisting of putative promoter L (PL) and promoter S (PS). The PL activity was constitutive through the log and stationary phases, lower than the PS activity, and unaffected by the crp or rpoS mutations. The transcription of PS, induced only in the stationary phase, was dependent on RpoS. The mutation in crp reduced the activity of PS; however, the additional inactivation of crp did not influence the PS activity in the rpoS mutant, indicating that CRP exerted its effects through PS requiring RpoS. These results demonstrate that vvpE expression is differentially directed by PL and PS depending on the growth phase and elevated by RpoS and CRP in the stationary phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Kwang-Ju 500-757, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Park KJ, Choi SH, Koh MS, Kim DJ, Yie SW, Lee SY, Hwang SB. Hepatitis C virus core protein potentiates c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation through a signaling complex involving TRADD and TRAF2. Virus Res 2001; 74:89-98. [PMID: 11226577 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is a multifunctional viral nucleocapsid protein. Previously, it has been demonstrated that the HCV core protein interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). Since the TNFR1 is engaged in stimulation of transcriptional factor NF-kappaB and AP-1 through activation of IkappaB kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK, or stress-activated protein kinase), respectively, we have examined whether the interaction between core protein and TNFR1 can modulate JNK. In this study, we demonstrate that the HCV core protein synergistically activates TNFalpha-induced JNK at a core concentration dependent manner in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. HCV core-mediated synergism of JNK activation was also detected in stable cells expressing HCV core protein. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HCV core protein does not compete with TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) for its interaction with the death domain of TNFR1. Our in vivo data show that HCV core and TRADD form a ternary complex with TNFR1. These findings suggest that the HCV core protein modulates TNFR1 signaling and may, thus, play a role in chronic infection of HCV patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Park
- Institute of Environment and Life Science, The Hallym Academy of Sciences, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shin S, Hur GH, Kim YB, Yeon GB, Park KJ, Park YM, Lee WS. Dehydroepiandrosterone and melatonin prevent Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin-induced TNF production in macrophages. Cell Biol Toxicol 2001; 16:165-74. [PMID: 11032360 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007606921569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The lethal toxin of Bacillus anthracis, which is composed of two separate proteinaceous exotoxins, namely protective antigen and lethal factor, is central to the pathogenesis of anthrax. Low levels of this toxin are known to induce release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In the present study we investigated the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), melatonin (MLT), or DHEA + MLT on production of lethal toxin-induced TNF-alpha in mouse peritoneal macrophages. We found that treatment with DHEA significantly inhibited the TNF-alpha production caused by anthrax lethal toxin. Exposure of MLT to anthrax lethal toxin-treated macrophages also decreased the release of TNF-alpha to the extracellular medium as compared to the control. However, combined use of DHEA and MLT also inhibited TNF-alpha release, but not more than single therapies. These results suggest that DHEA and MLT may have a therapeutic role in reducing the increased cytokine production induced by anthrax lethal toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Shin
- CBR Department, Agency for Defense Development, Taejon, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee SK, Pestano GA, Riley J, Hasan AS, Pezzano M, Samms M, Park KJ, Guyden J, Boto WM. A single point mutation in HIV-1 V3 loop alters the immunogenic properties of rgp120. Arch Virol 2001; 145:2087-103. [PMID: 11087093 DOI: 10.1007/s007050070041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The results of the study presented in this report show that clones of env derived from genetically divergent HIV-1 field isolates fall into two major subsets based on the predicted secondary structure of the V3 region in gp120. One subset exemplified by the clones A-UG06c, B-RT3.12 and C-UG045 is predicted to assume a beta-turn conformation in the V3 loop and comprises the GPGX residues. The other subset exemplified by the clones D-UG23c and D-UG042 (GXGX) are deficient in the expression of the beta-turn in the loop. Since secondary conformations are highly likely to confer antigenic properties in a protein backbone at least for B cells, we have used nucleic acid immunization to test the effect of the beta-turn deficiency on the immunogenic potential of rgp120 encoded in these field isolates. As hypothesized, inoculation of BALB/c mice with the env plasmid encoding the beta-turn expressing rgp120 molecules resulted in the development of a vigorous antibody response to the homologous V3 loop peptides. In contrast, immunization with an rgp120 clone deficient in the beta-turn in the V3 loop showed no evidence of antibody development to the V3 loop. Instead, the latter clones triggered T cell proliferative responses and markedly increased the level of IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by T cells. Significantly, reconstitution of the beta-turn conformation by site-directed mutagenesis of a single V3 loop residue yielded rgp120 molecules which restored antibody production while diminishing the cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to the V3 residue. These observations demonstrate the marked impact of a single amino acid substitution on the immunogenic properties of V3 region in gp120 encoded by divergent HIV-1 field isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Lee
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York 10031, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shin S, Hur GH, Kim YB, Park KJ, Park YM, Lee WS. Intracellular calcium antagonist protects cultured peritoneal macrophages against anthrax lethal toxin-induced cytotoxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2001; 16:137-44. [PMID: 10917569 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007646227674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The lethal toxin of Bacillus anthracis is central to the pathogenesis of anthrax. Using primary cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages, we have demonstrated that intracellular calcium release inhibitors protect against anthrax lethal toxin-induced cytotoxicity. The cytolytic effect of anthrax lethal toxin was markedly reduced by dantrolene, an inhibitor of calcium release from intracellular calcium stores. Pretreatment of macrophages with cyclosporin A, which has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of calcium release from mitochondria, also protected cells against cytotoxicity. These results indicate that calcium release from intracellular store may be an essential step for the propagation of anthrax lethal toxin-induced cell damage in macrophages. Thus our findings suggest that dantrolene, cyclosporin A, and possibly other drugs affecting intracellular calcium pools might be effectively preventing the toxicity from anthrax lethal toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Shin
- CBR Department, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Taejon
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Affiliation(s)
- K J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Stirling, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in a 17-year-old male student caused by Fusarium napiforme found in his home environment. METHODS The patient was diagnosed according to history, chest radiograph, spirometry, high-resolution chest CT, and transbronchial lung biopsy. To identify the causative agent, cultured aeromolds were collected by the open-plate method. From the main fungi cultured, fungal antigens were prepared, and immunoblot analysis with the patient's serum and each fungal antigen was performed. RESULTS Five fungal species were isolated from the patient's home. Immunoblotting analysis with the patient's serum demonstrated more than 10 IgG-binding fractions to F. napiforme extract only, while little binding was noted with the other fungal antigens. CONCLUSIONS We should be aware that HP may be caused by F. napiforme in the home environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ahn HW, Shin WG, Park KJ, Suh OK, Choi JH. Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and caffeine after intravenous administration of aminophylline to premature neonates in Korea. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 2000; 105:105-13. [PMID: 10850374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Theophylline has been widely used to treat apnea of premature neonates. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline and caffeine after intravenous administration of aminophylline to seven Korean low-birthweight neonates with apnea to those in other countries. The serum concentrations of theophylline and caffeine were measured simultaneously by high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC). The mean (+/- S.E.M.) birth weight and gestational period were 1190 +/- 253 g and 31.5 +/- 1.99 weeks, respectively. The mean (+/- S.E.M.) theophylline maintenance dosage was 1.28 +/- 0.15 mg/kg (given as equivalent aminophylline solution) every six hours. The mean (+/- S.E.M.) volume of distribution, 0.937 +/- 0.232 l/kg, elimination rate constant, 0.0249 +/- 0.0095/h, elimination half-life, 32.1 +/- 12.1 h, and total body clearance, 21.7 +/- 6.18 ml/h/kg, of theophylline in Korean premature neonates were comparable to the values of neonates in other countries. For caffeine, the mean (+/- S.E.M.) elimination half-life was 95.1 +/- 25.4 h and the elimination rate constant was 0.0079 +/- 0.0024/h. The mean (+/- S.E.M.) serum concentrations of theophylline and caffeine on the sixth day after aminophylline infusion were 10.4 +/- 2.28 microg/ml (range, 6.38-13.4 microg/ml) and 2.94 +/- 0.98 microg/ml (range, 1.80-4.44 microg/ml), respectively. The mean (+/- S.E.M.) caffeine to theophylline concentration ratio on the day after discontinuation of aminophylline infusion was 0.71 +/- 0.23 (range, 0.39-1.03).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Kwanak-Gu, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|